1
|
Nagashima A, Torii K, Ota C, Kato A. slc26a12-A novel member of the slc26 family, is located in tandem with slc26a2 in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16089. [PMID: 38828713 PMCID: PMC11145369 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 (Slc26) is a family of anion exchangers with 11 members in mammals (named Slc26a1-a11). Here, we identified a novel member of the slc26 family, slc26a12, located in tandem with slc26a2 in the genomes of several vertebrate lineages. BLAST and synteny analyses of various jawed vertebrate genome databases revealed that slc26a12 is present in coelacanths, amphibians, reptiles, and birds but not in cartilaginous fishes, lungfish, mammals, or ray-finned fishes. In some avian and reptilian lineages such as owls, penguins, egrets, and ducks, and most turtles examined, slc26a12 was lost or pseudogenized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Slc26a12 formed an independent branch with the other Slc26 members and Slc26a12, Slc26a1 and Slc26a2 formed a single branch, suggesting that these three members formed a subfamily in Slc26. In jawless fish, hagfish have two genes homologous to slc26a2 and slc26a12, whereas lamprey has a single gene homologous to slc26a2. African clawed frogs express slc26a12 in larval gills, skin, and fins. These results show that slc26a12 was present at least before the separation of lobe-finned fish and tetrapods; the name slc26a12 is appropriate because the gene duplication occurred in the distant past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nagashima
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Kota Torii
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Chihiro Ota
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Geertsma ER, Oliver D. SLC26 Anion Transporters. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:319-360. [PMID: 37947907 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) is a family of functionally diverse anion transporters found in all kingdoms of life. Anions transported by SLC26 proteins include chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate, but also small organic dicarboxylates such as fumarate and oxalate. The human genome encodes ten functional homologs, several of which are causally associated with severe human diseases, highlighting their physiological importance. Here, we review novel insights into the structure and function of SLC26 proteins and summarize the physiological relevance of human members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Geertsma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoshioka Y, Chiu YL, Uchida T, Yamashita H, Suzuki G, Shinzato C. Genes possibly related to symbiosis in early life stages of Acropora tenuis inoculated with Symbiodinium microadriaticum. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1027. [PMID: 37853100 PMCID: PMC10584924 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ecological importance of mutualism between reef-building corals and symbiotic algae (Family Symbiodiniaceae), various transcriptomic studies on coral-algal symbiosis have been performed; however, molecular mechanisms, especially genes essential to initiate and maintain these symbioses remain unknown. We investigated transcriptomic responses of Acropora tenuis to inoculation with the native algal symbiont, Symbiodinium microadriaticum, during early life stages, and identified possible symbiosis-related genes. Genes involved in immune regulation, protection against oxidative stress, and metabolic interactions between partners are particularly important for symbiosis during Acropora early life stages. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that some possible symbiosis-related genes originated by gene duplication in the Acropora lineage, suggesting that gene duplication may have been the driving force to establish stable mutualism in Acropora, and that symbiotic molecular mechanisms may vary among coral lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshioka
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Yi-Ling Chiu
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiga Uchida
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chuya Shinzato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paganini C, Carroll RS, Gramegna Tota C, Schelhaas AJ, Leone A, Duker AL, O'Connell DA, Coghlan RF, Johnstone B, Ferreira CR, Peressini S, Albertini R, Forlino A, Bonafé L, Campos-Xavier AB, Superti-Furga A, Zankl A, Rossi A, Bober MB. Identification of potential non-invasive biomarkers in diastrophic dysplasia. Bone 2023; 175:116838. [PMID: 37454964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a recessive chondrodysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC26A2 gene encoding for a cell membrane sulfate/chloride antiporter crucial for sulfate uptake and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfation. Research on a DTD animal model has suggested possible pharmacological treatment approaches. In view of future clinical trials, the identification of non-invasive biomarkers is crucial to assess the efficacy of treatments. Urinary GAG composition has been analyzed in several metabolic disorders including mucopolysaccharidoses. Moreover, the N-terminal fragment of collagen X, known as collagen X marker (CXM), is considered a real-time marker of endochondral ossification and growth velocity and was studied in individuals with achondroplasia and osteogenesis imperfecta. In this work, urinary GAG sulfation and blood CXM levels were investigated as potential biomarkers for individuals affected by DTD. Chondroitin sulfate disaccharide analysis was performed on GAGs isolated from urine by HPLC after GAG digestion with chondroitinase ABC and ACII, while CXM was assessed in dried blood spots. Results from DTD patients were compared with an age-matched control population. Undersulfation of urinary GAGs was observed in DTD patients with some relationship to the clinical severity and underlying SLC26A2 variants. Lower than normal CXM levels were observed in most patients, even if the marker did not show a clear pattern in our small patient cohort because CXM values are highly dependent on age, gender and growth velocity. In summary, both non-invasive biomarkers are promising assays targeting various aspects of the disorder including overall metabolism of sulfated GAGs and endochondral ossification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ricki S Carroll
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Gramegna Tota
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Leone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; University School for Advanced Studies Pavia, IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Brian Johnstone
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Peressini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Albertini
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Bonafé
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zankl
- University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Michael B Bober
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, DE, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Descoteaux AE, Zuch DT, Bradham CA. Polychrome labeling reveals skeletal triradiate and elongation dynamics and abnormalities in patterning cue-perturbed embryos. Dev Biol 2023; 498:1-13. [PMID: 36948411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The larval skeleton of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is an ideal model system for studying skeletal patterning; however, our understanding of the etiology of skeletal patterning in sea urchin larvae is limited due to the lack of approaches to live-image skeleton formation. Calcium-binding fluorochromes have been used to study the temporal dynamics of bone growth and healing. To date, only calcein green has been used in sea urchin larvae to fluorescently label the larval skeleton. Here, we optimize labeling protocols for two additional calcium-binding fluorochromes: xylenol orange and calcein blue- and demonstrate that these fluorochromes can be used individually or in nested pulse-chase experiments to understand the temporal dynamics of skeletogenesis and patterning. Using a pulse-chase approach, we show that the initiation of skeletogenesis begins around 15 h post fertilization. We also assess the timing of triradiate formation in embryos treated with a range of patterning perturbagens and demonstrate that triradiate formation is delayed and asynchronous in embryos ventralized via treatment with either nickel or chlorate. Finally, we measure the extent of fluorochrome incorporation in triple-labeled embryos to determine the elongation rate of numerous skeletal elements throughout early skeletal patterning and compare this to the rate of skeletal growth in embryos treated with axitinib to inhibit VEGFR. We find that skeletal elements elongate much more slowly in axitinib-treated embryos, and that axitinib treatment is sufficient to induce abnormal orientation of the triradiates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Descoteaux
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Daniel T Zuch
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Cynthia A Bradham
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States; Program in Bioinformatics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Whittamore JM, Hatch M. Oxalate secretion is stimulated by a cAMP-dependent pathway in the mouse cecum. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:249-266. [PMID: 36044064 PMCID: PMC9851989 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02742-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of the intracellular second messenger cAMP can stimulate intestinal oxalate secretion however the membrane transporters responsible are unclear. Oxalate transport by the chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger Slc26a6 or PAT-1 (Putative Anion Transporter 1), is regulated via cAMP when expressed in Xenopus oocytes and cultured cells but whether this translates to the native epithelia is unknown. This study investigated the regulation of oxalate transport by the mouse intestine focusing on transport at the apical membrane hypothesizing PAT-1 is the target of a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway. Adopting the Ussing chamber technique we measured unidirectional 14C-oxalate and 36Cl- flux ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) across distal ileum, cecum and distal colon, employing forskolin (FSK) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) to trigger cAMP production. FSK/IBMX initiated a robust secretory response by all segments but the stimulation of net oxalate secretion was confined to the cecum only involving activation of [Formula: see text] and distinct from net Cl- secretion produced by inhibiting [Formula: see text]. Using the PAT-1 knockout (KO) mouse we determined cAMP-stimulated [Formula: see text] was not directly dependent on PAT-1, but it was sensitive to mucosal DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid), although unlikely to be another Cl-/HCO3- exchanger given the lack of trans-stimulation or cis-inhibition by luminal Cl- or HCO3-. The cAMP-activated oxalate efflux was reliant on CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator) activity, but only in the presence of PAT-1, leading to speculation on the involvement of a multi-transporter regulatory complex. Further investigations at the cellular and molecular level are necessary to define the mechanism and transporter(s) responsible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research | Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8885, USA.
| | - Marguerite Hatch
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong X, D’Antona AM. A potential antibody repertoire diversification mechanism through tyrosine sulfation for biotherapeutics engineering and production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1072702. [PMID: 36569848 PMCID: PMC9774471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of three hypervariable loops in antibody heavy chain and light chain, termed the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), defines antibody's binding affinity and specificity owing to the direct contact between the CDRs and antigens. These CDR regions typically contain tyrosine (Tyr) residues that are known to engage in both nonpolar and pi stacking interaction with antigens through their complementary aromatic ring side chains. Nearly two decades ago, sulfotyrosine residue (sTyr), a negatively charged Tyr formed by Golgi-localized membrane-bound tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases during protein trafficking, were also found in the CDR regions and shown to play an important role in modulating antibody-antigen interaction. This breakthrough finding demonstrated that antibody repertoire could be further diversified through post-translational modifications, in addition to the conventional genetic recombination. This review article summarizes the current advances in the understanding of the Tyr-sulfation modification mechanism and its application in potentiating protein-protein interaction for antibody engineering and production. Challenges and opportunities are also discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Biji IK, Yadav S, Kulshrestha S, Saxena R, Kohli S, Verma IC, Kumar B, Puri RD. Computational biology insights into genotype-clinical phenotype-protein phenotype relationships between novel SLC26A2 variants identified in inherited skeletal dysplasias. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104595. [PMID: 36007841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic variants in the transmembrane sulfate transporter protein SLC26A2 are associated with different phenotypes of inherited chondrodysplasias. As limited data is published from India, in this study we sought to elucidate the molecular basis of inherited chondrodysplasias in an Indian cohort. METHODS Molecular screening of 32 fetuses with antenatally diagnosed lethal skeletal dysplasia was performed by next generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. The genotype-protein phenotype characterization was done using computational biology techniques like homology modelling, stability and pathogenicity predictions. RESULTS We identified five rare autosomal recessive SLC26A2 [NM_000112.4] variants, including three homozygous c.796dupA(p.Thr266Asnfs*12), c.1724delA(p.Lys575Serfs*10), and c.1375_1377dup(p.Val459dup) and two heterozygous variants (c.532C > T(p.Arg178*)) and (c.1382C > T(p.Ala461Val)) in compound heterozygous form in a total of four foetuses. Genotype-protein phenotype annotations highlighted that the clinically severe achondrogenesis 1B causative c.796dupA(p.Thr266Asnfs*12) and c.1724delA(p.Lys575Serfs*10)variants impact SLC26A2 protein structure by deletion of the protein core and transmembrane STAS domains, respectively. In clinically moderate atelosteogenesis type 2 phenotype, the c.1382C > T(p.Ala461Val) variant is predicted to distort alpha helix conformation and alter the bonding properties and free energy dynamics of transmembrane domains and the c.532C > T(p.Arg178*) variant results in loss of both core transmembrane and STAS domains of the SLC26A2 protein. The c.1375_1377dup(p.Val459dup) variant identified in clinically milder atelosteogenesis type II-diastrophic dysplasia spectrum lethal phenotype is predicted to decrease the Qualitative Model Energy Analysis (QMean), which affects major geometrical aspects of the SLC26A2 protein structure. CONCLUSION We expand the spectrum of SLC26A2 related lethal chondrodysplasia and report three novel variants correlating clinical severity and protein phenotype within the lethal spectrum of this rare dysplasia. We demonstrate the relevance of structural characterization to aid novel variant reclassification to provide better prenatal management and reproductive options to families with lethal antenatal skeletal disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishpreet K Biji
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, 110060, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Siddharth Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Samarth Kulshrestha
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Sudha Kohli
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, 110060, India
| | - I C Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, 110060, India
| | - Benu Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Ratna Dua Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics & Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, 110060, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guasto A, Dubail J, Aguilera-Albesa S, Paganini C, Vanhulle C, Haouari W, Gorría-Redondo N, Aznal-Sainz E, Boddaert N, Planas-Serra L, Schlüter A, Verdura E, Bruneel A, Rossi A, Huber C, Pujol A, Cormier-Daire V. Biallelic variants in SLC35B2 cause a novel chondrodysplasia with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. Brain 2022; 145:3711-3722. [PMID: 35325049 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated proteoglycans are essential in skeletal and brain development. Recently, pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins involved in the proteoglycan biosynthesis have been identified in a range of chondrodysplasia associated with intellectual disability. Nevertheless, several patients remain with unidentified molecular basis. This study aimed to contribute to the deciphering of new molecular bases in patients with chondrodysplasia and neuro-developmental disease. Exome sequencing was performed to identify pathogenic variants in patients presenting with chondrodysplasia and intellectual disability. The pathogenic effects of the potentially causative variants were analyzed by functional studies. We identified homozygous variants (c.1218_1220del and c.1224_1225del) in SLC35B2 in two patients with pre- and postnatal growth retardation, scoliosis, severe motor and intellectual disabilities and hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. By functional analyses, we showed that the variants affect SLC35B2 mRNA expression and protein subcellular localization leading to a functional impairment of the protein. Consistent with those results, we detected proteoglycan sulfation impairment in SLC35B2 patient fibroblasts and serum. Our data support that SLC35B2 functional impairment causes a novel syndromic chondrodysplasia with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, most likely through a proteoglycan sulfation defect. This is the first time that SLC35B2 variants are associated with bone and brain development in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Guasto
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain.,Children's Medically Complex Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Vanhulle
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, pavillon Martainville, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, 76031, Rouen, France
| | - Walid Haouari
- INSERM UMR1193, Paris-Saclay University, F-92220 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nerea Gorría-Redondo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Aznal-Sainz
- Children's Medically Complex Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Service d'Imagerie pédiatrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Planas-Serra
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Agatha Schlüter
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgard Verdura
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnaud Bruneel
- INSERM UMR1193, Paris-Saclay University, F-92220 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,AP-HP, Biochimie métabolique et cellulaire, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Céline Huber
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research in Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,Service de Génétique clinique, Centre de référence pour les maladies osseuses constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Whittamore JM, Hatch M. Oxalate Flux Across the Intestine: Contributions from Membrane Transporters. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2835-2875. [PMID: 34964122 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial oxalate transport is fundamental to the role occupied by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in oxalate homeostasis. The absorption of dietary oxalate, together with its secretion into the intestine, and degradation by the gut microbiota, can all influence the excretion of this nonfunctional terminal metabolite in the urine. Knowledge of the transport mechanisms is relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria, a risk factor in kidney stone formation, for which the intestine also offers a potential means of treatment. The following discussion presents an expansive review of intestinal oxalate transport. We begin with an overview of the fate of oxalate, focusing on the sources, rates, and locations of absorption and secretion along the GI tract. We then consider the mechanisms and pathways of transport across the epithelial barrier, discussing the transcellular, and paracellular components. There is an emphasis on the membrane-bound anion transporters, in particular, those belonging to the large multifunctional Slc26 gene family, many of which are expressed throughout the GI tract, and we summarize what is currently known about their participation in oxalate transport. In the final section, we examine the physiological stimuli proposed to be involved in regulating some of these pathways, encompassing intestinal adaptations in response to chronic kidney disease, metabolic acid-base disorders, obesity, and following gastric bypass surgery. There is also an update on research into the probiotic, Oxalobacter formigenes, and the basis of its unique interaction with the gut epithelium. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-41, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marguerite Hatch
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mizumoto S, Yamada S. An Overview of in vivo Functions of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Revealed by Their Deficient Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764781. [PMID: 34901009 PMCID: PMC8652114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans in their biosynthetic pathways. They are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases as well as sulfotransferases. Structural diversities of CS/DS and HS are essential for their various biological activities including cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with a variety of growth factors as well as cytokines. Studies using mice deficient in enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the CS/DS and HS chains of proteoglycans have demonstrated their essential functions. Chondroitin synthase 1-deficient mice are viable, but exhibit chondrodysplasia, progression of the bifurcation of digits, delayed endochondral ossification, and reduced bone density. DS-epimerase 1-deficient mice show thicker collagen fibrils in the dermis and hypodermis, and spina bifida. These observations suggest that CS/DS are essential for skeletal development as well as the assembly of collagen fibrils in the skin, and that their respective knockout mice can be utilized as models for human genetic disorders with mutations in chondroitin synthase 1 and DS-epimerase 1. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mice deficient in CS/DS biosyntheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang ML, Zhang JH, Li S, Zhu R, Wang L. SLC13A4 Might Serve as a Prognostic Biomarker and be Correlated with Immune Infiltration into Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609967. [PMID: 34840533 PMCID: PMC8610847 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SLC13A4 is a sodium sulfate co-transporter, which is expressed in brains, placentas, thymes and other tissues, plays an essential role in maintaining the metabolic balance of sulfate in vivo. The TCGA database shows that it is differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, but its prognostic value in tumors has not been clarified. TCGA, Oncomine and Timer databases were used to analyze SLC13A4 mRNA expression in cancer tissues and normal tissues, and its correlation with clinical prognosis in head and neck tumor. The CIBERSORT database was used to analyze the correlation between SLC13A4 expression and the infiltration of immune cells. SLC13A4 enrichment analysis was carried out by GSEA. SLC13A4 mRNA levels were significantly lower in head and neck tumors than in paracancer tissues. SLC13A4 expression in Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was closely related to tumor pathological grade and clinical stage. Decreased SLC13A4 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), disease specific survival (DSS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) in HNSCC patients. The expression of SLC13A4 was negatively correlated with Monocytes, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting CD4+ memory T cells, resting NK cells and activated NK cells, but positively correlated with neutrophils, plasma cells, T follicular helper cells, gamma delta T cells, regulatory T cells and naive B cells. In addition, the genes in SLC13A4 low-expression group were mainly concentrated in immunity-related activities, viral diseases, typical tumor pathways and metabolism. The SLC13A4 high expression group was mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. These suggest that SLC13A4 may be a potential prognostic biomarker in HNSC and correlated with immune infiltrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aspects of the Neurospora crassa Sulfur Starvation Response Are Revealed by Transcriptional Profiling and DNA Affinity Purification Sequencing. mSphere 2021; 6:e0056421. [PMID: 34523983 PMCID: PMC8550094 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00564-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate nutrient sensing is important for rapid fungal growth and exploitation of available resources. Sulfur is an important nutrient source found in a number of biological macromolecules, including proteins and lipids. The model filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is capable of utilizing sulfur found in a variety of sources from amino acids to sulfate. During sulfur starvation, the transcription factor CYS-3 is responsible for upregulation of genes involved in sulfur uptake and assimilation. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and DNA affinity purification sequencing, we performed a global survey of the N. crassa sulfur starvation response and the role of CYS-3 in regulating sulfur-responsive genes. The CYS-3 transcription factor bound the promoters and regulated genes involved in sulfur metabolism. Additionally, CYS-3 directly activated the expression of a number of uncharacterized transporter genes, suggesting that regulation of sulfur import is an important aspect of regulation by CYS-3. CYS-3 also directly regulated the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. During sulfur starvation, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as amino acid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways, along with genes encoding proteases and nucleases that are necessary for scavenging nitrogen, were activated. Sulfur starvation also caused changes in the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as those encoding glycosyl hydrolases. Thus, our data suggest a connection between sulfur metabolism and other aspects of cellular metabolism. IMPORTANCE Identification of nutrients present in the environment is a challenge common to all organisms. Sulfur is an important nutrient source found in proteins, lipids, and electron carriers that are required for the survival of filamentous fungi such as Neurospora crassa. Here, we transcriptionally profiled the response of N. crassa to characterize the global response to sulfur starvation. We also used DNA affinity purification sequencing to identify the direct downstream targets of the transcription factor responsible for regulating genes involved in sulfur uptake and assimilation. Along with genes involved in sulfur metabolism, this transcription factor regulated a number of uncharacterized transporter genes and genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. Our data also suggest a connection between sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon metabolism, indicating that the regulation of a number of metabolic pathways is intertwined.
Collapse
|
14
|
Metabolic Labeling of Proteoglycans and Analysis of Their Synthesis and Sorting in Filter-Grown and Polarized Epithelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34626367 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1398-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Studies of synthesis, turnover, and secretion of macromolecules in cell culture are carried out to address mechanisms of cellular and physiological importance. Culture systems have been developed to mimic the in vivo situation as much as possible. In line with this aim, epithelial and endothelial cells have been grown on filters for more than three decades. Growing such cells on permeable support allows for nutrient uptake via the basolateral membrane of tight epithelial monolayers, from a medium reservoir underneath the filter. While this basolateral medium reservoir resembles the blood supply, the apical medium reservoir resembles the organ lumen. Growing the cells in a polarized manner allows for studies of differential transport and localization of apical and basolateral proteins and of endocytic and secretory transport at both sides of the epithelium. Here we describe how metabolic labeling of proteoglycans (PGs) with 35S-labeled sulfate enables analysis of synthesis of different types of PGs, with respect to size, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain length, and charge. We also describe protocols for studies of intracellular PG sorting, in the apical and basolateral direction in polarized epithelial cells, in the absence and presence of inhibitors of synthesis and transport.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mizumoto S, Yamada S. Congenital Disorders of Deficiency in Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:717535. [PMID: 34539746 PMCID: PMC8446454 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.717535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans, which are distributed at the cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans and GAGs have been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of physiological functions such as construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, cytokines, and growth factors. Not only connective tissue disorders including skeletal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, multiple exostoses, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but also heart and kidney defects, immune deficiencies, and neurological abnormalities have been shown to be caused by defects in GAGs as well as core proteins of proteoglycans. These findings indicate that GAGs and proteoglycans are essential for human development in major organs. The glycobiological aspects of congenital disorders caused by defects in GAG-biosynthetic enzymes including specific glysocyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases, in addition to core proteins of proteoglycans will be comprehensively discussed based on the literature to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang X, Yao S, An J, Jin H, Wang H, Tuo B. SLC26A6 and NADC‑1: Future direction of nephrolithiasis and calculus‑related hypertension research (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:745. [PMID: 34458928 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is the most common type of urinary system disease in developed countries, with high morbidity and recurrence rates. Nephrolithiasis is a serious health problem, which eventually leads to the loss of renal function and is closely related to hypertension. Modern medicine has adopted minimally invasive surgery for the management of kidney stones, but this does not resolve the root of the problem. Thus, nephrolithiasis remains a major public health issue, the causes of which remain largely unknown. Researchers have attempted to determine the causes and therapeutic targets of kidney stones and calculus‑related hypertension. Solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6), a member of the well‑conserved solute carrier family 26, is highly expressed in the kidney and intestines, and it primarily mediates the transport of various anions, including OXa2‑, HCO3‑, Cl‑ and SO42‑, amongst others. Na+‑dependent dicarboxylate‑1 (NADC‑1) is the Na+‑carboxylate co‑transporter of the SLC13 gene family, which primarily mediates the co‑transport of Na+ and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as citrate and succinate, amongst others. Studies have shown that Ca2+ oxalate kidney stones are the most prevalent type of kidney stones. Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia notably increase the risk of forming Ca2+ oxalate kidney stones, and the increase in succinate in the juxtaglomerular device can stimulate renin secretion and lead to hypertension. Whilst it is known that it is important to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of oxalate and citrate in the kidney, the synergistic molecular mechanisms underlying the transport of oxalate and citrate across kidney epithelial cells have undergone limited investigations. The present review examines the results from early reports studying oxalate transport and citrate transport in the kidney, describing the synergistic molecular mechanisms of SLC26A6 and NADC‑1 in the process of nephrolithiasis formation. A growing body of research has shown that nephrolithiasis is intricately associated with hypertension. Additionally, the recent investigations into the mediation of succinate via regulation of the synergistic molecular mechanism between the SLC26A6 and NADC‑1 transporters is summarized, revealing their functional role and their close association with the inositol triphosphate receptor‑binding protein to regulate blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu R, Zhang Y, Kumar A, Huhn S, Hullinger L, Du Z. Modulating tyrosine sulfation of recombinant antibodies in CHO cell culture by host selection and sodium chlorate supplementation. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100142. [PMID: 34081410 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification found on many surface receptors and plays an important role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. However, tyrosine sulfation of therapeutic antibodies has only been reported very recently. Because of potential potency and immunogenicity concerns, tyrosine sulfation needs to be controlled during the manufacturing process. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we explored methods to modulate antibody tyrosine sulfation during cell line development and upstream production process. We found that tyrosine sulfation levels were significantly different in various Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines due to differential expression of genes in the sulfation pathway including tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 2 (TPST2) and the sulfation substrate transporter SLC35B2. We also screened chemical inhibitors to reduce tyrosine sulfation in CHO culture and found that sodium chlorate could significantly inhibit tyrosine sulfation while having minimal impact on cell growth and antibody production. We further confirmed this finding in a standard fed-batch production assay. Sodium chlorate at 16 mM markedly inhibited tyrosine sulfation by more than 50% and had no significant impact on antibody titer or quality. CONCLUSION These data suggest that we can control tyrosine sulfation by selecting CHO cell lines based on the expression level of TPST2 and SLC35B2 or adding sodium chlorate in upstream production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ren Liu
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Steven Huhn
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Laurie Hullinger
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhimei Du
- Process Cell Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
SLC26A2-Associated Diastrophic Dysplasia and rMED-Clinical Features in Affected Finnish Children and Review of the Literature. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050714. [PMID: 34064542 PMCID: PMC8151170 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a rare osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short-limbed short stature and joint dysplasia. DTD is caused by mutations in SLC26A2 and is particularly common in the Finnish population. However, the disease incidence in Finland and clinical features in affected individuals have not been recently explored. This registry-based study aimed to investigate the current incidence of DTD in Finland, characterize the national cohort of pediatric subjects with DTD and review the disease-related literature. Subjects with SLC26A2-related skeletal dysplasia, born between 2000 and 2020, were identified from the Skeletal dysplasia registry and from hospital patient registry and their clinical and molecular data were reviewed. Fourteen subjects were identified. Twelve of them were phenotypically classified as DTD and two, as recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (rMED). From the subjects with available genetic data, 75% (9/12) were homozygous for the Finnish founder mutation c.-26+2T>C. Two subjects with rMED phenotype were compound heterozygous for p.Arg279Trp and p.Thr512Lys variants. The variable phenotypes in our cohort highlight the wide spectrum of clinical features, ranging from a very severe form of DTD to milder forms of DTD and rMED. The incidence of DTD in Finland has significantly decreased over the past decades, most likely due to increased prenatal diagnostics.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu Q. Slc26a3 (DRA) in the Gut: Expression, Function, Regulation, Role in Infectious Diarrhea and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:575-584. [PMID: 32989468 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transport of transepithelial Cl- and HCO3- is crucial for the function of the intestinal epithelium and maintains the acid-based homeostasis. Slc26a3 (DRA), as a key chloride-bicarbonate exchanger protein in the intestinal epithelial luminal membrane, participates in the electroneutral NaCl absorption of intestine, together with Na+/H+ exchangers. Increasing recent evidence supports the essential role of decreased DRA function or expression in infectious diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHOD In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of Slc26a3, including its cloning and expression, function, roles in infectious diarrhea and IBD, and mechanisms of actions. A better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of Slc26a3 in infectious diarrhea and IBD may reveal novel targets for future therapy. CONCLUSION Understanding the physiological function, regulatory interactions, and the potential mechanisms of Slc26a3 in the pathophysiology of infectious diarrhea and IBD will define novel therapeutic approaches in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Improvement of the skeletal phenotype in a mouse model of diastrophic dysplasia after postnatal treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114452. [PMID: 33545117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) is a recessive chondrodysplasia caused by mutations in the SLC26A2 gene encoding for a sulfate/chloride transporter. When SLC26A2 is impaired intracellular level of sulfate is reduced leading to the synthesis of undersulfated proteoglycans. In normal chondrocytes, the main source of intracellular sulfate is the extracellular uptake through SLC26A2, but a small amount comes from the catabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and other thiols. Here N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an extensively used drug, is proposed as alternative source of intracellular sulfate in an animal model of DTD (dtd mouse). Mutant and wild type mice were treated twice a day with hypodermic injections of 250 mg NAC/kg body weight for one week after birth. At the end of the treatment, an improvement trend in cartilage proteoglycan sulfation and in the skeletal phenotype of treated dtd mice were observed. Thus, a longer treatment lasted three weeks starting from birth was performed. Treated mutant mice showed a significant increase of cartilage proteoglycan sulfation and a relevant improvement of the skeletal phenotype based on measurements of several bony elements and bone quality by DEXA and micro CT. Moreover, the amelioration of the overall growth plate morphology in treated dtd mice suggested a partial rescue of the endochondral ossification process. Overall, the results prove that NAC is an effective source of intracellular sulfate for dtd mice in the postnatal period. This finding paves the way for a potential pharmacological treatment of DTD patients taking advantage from a drug repositioning strategy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang J, Wang W, Wang H, Tuo B. Physiological and Pathological Functions of SLC26A6. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:618256. [PMID: 33553213 PMCID: PMC7859274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.618256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute Carrier Family 26 (SLC26) is a conserved anion transporter family with 10 members in human (SLC26A1-A11, A10 being a pseudogene). All SLC26 genes except for SLC26A5 (prestin) are versatile anion exchangers with notable ability to transport a variety of anions. SLC26A6 has the most extensive exchange functions in the SLC26 family and is widely expressed in various organs and tissues of mammals. SLC26A6 has some special properties that make it play a particularly important role in ion homeostasis and acid-base balance. In the past few years, the function of SLC26A6 in the diseases has received increasing attention. SLC26A6 not only participates in the development of intestinal and pancreatic diseases but also serves a significant role in mediating nephrolithiasis, fetal skeletal dysplasia and arrhythmia. This review aims to explore the role of SLC26A6 in physiology and pathophysiology of relative mammalian organs to guide in-depth studies about related diseases of human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenkang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi City), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Aggrecan, the Primary Weight-Bearing Cartilage Proteoglycan, Has Context-Dependent, Cell-Directive Properties in Embryonic Development and Neurogenesis: Aggrecan Glycan Side Chain Modifications Convey Interactive Biodiversity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1244. [PMID: 32867198 PMCID: PMC7564073 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines aggrecan's roles in developmental embryonic tissues, in tissues undergoing morphogenetic transition and in mature weight-bearing tissues. Aggrecan is a remarkably versatile and capable proteoglycan (PG) with diverse tissue context-dependent functional attributes beyond its established role as a weight-bearing PG. The aggrecan core protein provides a template which can be variably decorated with a number of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains including keratan sulphate (KS), human natural killer trisaccharide (HNK-1) and chondroitin sulphate (CS). These convey unique tissue-specific functional properties in water imbibition, space-filling, matrix stabilisation or embryonic cellular regulation. Aggrecan also interacts with morphogens and growth factors directing tissue morphogenesis, remodelling and metaplasia. HNK-1 aggrecan glycoforms direct neural crest cell migration in embryonic development and is neuroprotective in perineuronal nets in the brain. The ability of the aggrecan core protein to assemble CS and KS chains at high density equips cartilage aggrecan with its well-known water-imbibing and weight-bearing properties. The importance of specific arrangements of GAG chains on aggrecan in all its forms is also a primary morphogenetic functional determinant providing aggrecan with unique tissue context dependent regulatory properties. The versatility displayed by aggrecan in biodiverse contexts is a function of its GAG side chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Paganini C, Gramegna Tota C, Superti-Furga A, Rossi A. Skeletal Dysplasias Caused by Sulfation Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082710. [PMID: 32295296 PMCID: PMC7216085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are macromolecules present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix that confer specific mechanical, biochemical, and physical properties to tissues. Sulfate groups present on glycosaminoglycans, linear polysaccharide chains attached to PG core proteins, are fundamental for correct PG functions. Indeed, through the negative charge of sulfate groups, PGs interact with extracellular matrix molecules and bind growth factors regulating tissue structure and cell behavior. The maintenance of correct sulfate metabolism is important in tissue development and function, particularly in cartilage where PGs are fundamental and abundant components of the extracellular matrix. In chondrocytes, the main sulfate source is the extracellular space, then sulfate is taken up and activated in the cytosol to the universal sulfate donor to be used in sulfotransferase reactions. Alteration in each step of sulfate metabolism can affect macromolecular sulfation, leading to the onset of diseases that affect mainly cartilage and bone. This review presents a panoramic view of skeletal dysplasias caused by mutations in genes encoding for transporters or enzymes involved in macromolecular sulfation. Future research in this field will contribute to the understanding of the disease pathogenesis, allowing the development of targeted therapies aimed at alleviating, preventing, or modifying the disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.P.); (C.G.T.)
| | - Chiara Gramegna Tota
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.P.); (C.G.T.)
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.P.); (C.G.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Corsello SM, Nagari RT, Spangler RD, Rossen J, Kocak M, Bryan JG, Humeidi R, Peck D, Wu X, Tang AA, Wang VM, Bender SA, Lemire E, Narayan R, Montgomery P, Ben-David U, Garvie CW, Chen Y, Rees MG, Lyons NJ, McFarland JM, Wong BT, Wang L, Dumont N, O'Hearn PJ, Stefan E, Doench JG, Harrington CN, Greulich H, Meyerson M, Vazquez F, Subramanian A, Roth JA, Bittker JA, Boehm JS, Mader CC, Tsherniak A, Golub TR. Discovering the anti-cancer potential of non-oncology drugs by systematic viability profiling. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:235-248. [PMID: 32613204 PMCID: PMC7328899 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-019-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-cancer uses of non-oncology drugs have occasionally been found, but such discoveries have been serendipitous. We sought to create a public resource containing the growth inhibitory activity of 4,518 drugs tested across 578 human cancer cell lines. We used PRISM, a molecular barcoding method, to screen drugs against cell lines in pools. An unexpectedly large number of non-oncology drugs selectively inhibited subsets of cancer cell lines in a manner predictable from the cell lines' molecular features. Our findings include compounds that killed by inducing PDE3A-SLFN12 complex formation; vanadium-containing compounds whose killing depended on the sulfate transporter SLC26A2; the alcohol dependence drug disulfiram, which killed cells with low expression of metallothioneins; and the anti-inflammatory drug tepoxalin, which killed via the multi-drug resistance protein ABCB1. The PRISM drug repurposing resource (https://depmap.org/repurposing) is a starting point to develop new oncology therapeutics, and more rarely, for potential direct clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Corsello
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jordan Rossen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Kocak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan G Bryan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ranad Humeidi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Peck
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Tang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vickie M Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Evan Lemire
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajiv Narayan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Uri Ben-David
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yejia Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bang T Wong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Dumont
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick J O'Hearn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Relay Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Stefan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew Meyerson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua A Bittker
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse S Boehm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher C Mader
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Flatiron Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Byrne AB, Mizumoto S, Arts P, Yap P, Feng J, Schreiber AW, Babic M, King-Smith SL, Barnett CP, Moore L, Sugahara K, Mutlu-Albayrak H, Nishimura G, Liebelt JE, Yamada S, Savarirayan R, Scott HS. Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia expands the known phenotypic spectrum of defects in proteoglycan biosynthesis. J Med Genet 2020; 57:454-460. [PMID: 31988067 PMCID: PMC7361035 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia (PDD) is a severe skeletal dysplasia associated with prenatal manifestation and early lethality. Clinically, PDD is classified as a ‘dysplasia with multiple joint dislocations’; however, the molecular aetiology of the disorder is currently unknown. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on three patients from two unrelated families, clinically diagnosed with PDD, in order to identify the underlying genetic cause. The functional effects of the identified variants were characterised using primary cells and human cell-based overexpression assays. Results WES resulted in the identification of biallelic variants in the established skeletal dysplasia genes, B3GAT3 (family 1) and CANT1 (family 2). Mutations in these genes have previously been reported to cause ‘multiple joint dislocations, short stature, and craniofacial dysmorphism with or without congenital heart defects’ (‘JDSCD’; B3GAT3) and Desbuquois dysplasia 1 (CANT1), disorders in the same nosological group as PDD. Follow-up of the B3GAT3 variants demonstrated significantly reduced B3GAT3/GlcAT-I expression. Downstream in vitro functional analysis revealed abolished biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan side chains on proteoglycans. Functional evaluation of the CANT1 variant showed impaired nucleotidase activity, which results in inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis through accumulation of uridine diphosphate. Conclusion For the families described in this study, the PDD phenotype was caused by mutations in the known skeletal dysplasia genes B3GAT3 and CANT1, demonstrating the advantage of genomic analyses in delineating the molecular diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias. This finding expands the phenotypic spectrum of B3GAT3-related and CANT1-related skeletal dysplasias to include PDD and highlights the significant phenotypic overlap of conditions within the proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Byrne
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Research Center for Pathogenesis of Intractable Diseases, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Yap
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Genetic Health Service New Zealand (Northern Hub), Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinghua Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas W Schreiber
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Milena Babic
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah L King-Smith
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynette Moore
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hatice Mutlu-Albayrak
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cengiz Gökcek Obstetrics and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan E Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Research Center for Pathogenesis of Intractable Diseases, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia .,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sato T, Kojima T, Samura O, Kawaguchi S, Nakamura A, Nakajima M, Tanuma-Takahashi A, Nakabayashi K, Hata K, Ikegawa S, Nishimura G, Okamoto A, Yamada T. Two unrelated pedigrees with achondrogenesis type 1b carrying a Japan-specific pathogenic variant in SLC26A2. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:735-739. [PMID: 31880411 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present two unrelated Japanese pedigrees with achondrogenesis type 1b (ACG1B), characterized by prenatally lethal fetal hydrops and severe micromelia. The affected members in these pedigrees carried a common homozygous missense point mutation in solute carrier family 26 member 2 (SLC26A2), a gene associated with ACG1B (NM_000112:c.1987G>A). This loss-of-function point mutation causes substitution of glycine 663 with arginine in a highly conserved loop domain of SLC26A2. Interestingly, only a few cases of this mutation have been registered in Japanese genomic databases, and there are no reports of this mutation in any major genomic databases outside Japan. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of a homozygous stretch of approximately 75 kb surrounding the pathogenic variant. Our findings suggest that this missense point mutation in SLC26A2, which is likely the cause of the ACG1B phenotypes in these unrelated fetuses, is distributed exclusively in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genetics, The Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genetics, The Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanuma-Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang Y, Zhang Y, Chi Z, Huang R, Huang H, Liu G, Zhang Y, Yang H, Lin J, Yang T, Cao S. The Handling of Oxalate in the Body and the Origin of Oxalate in Calcium Oxalate Stones. Urol Int 2019; 104:167-176. [DOI: 10.1159/000504417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Touré A. Importance of SLC26 Transmembrane Anion Exchangers in Sperm Post-testicular Maturation and Fertilization Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:230. [PMID: 31681763 PMCID: PMC6813192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sperm cells produced within the testis are structurally differentiated but remain immotile and are unable to fertilize the oocyte unless they undergo a series of maturation events during their transit in the male and female genital tracts. This post-testicular functional maturation is known to rely on the micro-environment of both male and female genital tracts, and is tightly controlled by the pH of their luminal milieus. In particular, within the epididymis, the establishment of a low bicarbonate (HCO3–) concentration contributes to luminal acidification, which is necessary for sperm maturation and subsequent storage in a quiescent state. Following ejaculation, sperm is exposed to the basic pH of the female genital tract and bicarbonate (HCO3–), calcium (Ca2+), and chloride (Cl–) influxes induce biochemical and electrophysiological changes to the sperm cells (cytoplasmic alkalinization, increased cAMP concentration, and protein phosphorylation cascades), which are indispensable for the acquisition of fertilization potential, a process called capacitation. Solute carrier 26 (SLC26) members are conserved membranous proteins that mediate the transport of various anions across the plasma membrane of epithelial cells and constitute important regulators of pH and HCO3– concentration. Most SLC26 members were shown to physically interact and cooperate with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel (CFTR) in various epithelia, mainly by stimulating its Cl– channel activity. Among SLC26 members, the function of SLC26A3, A6, and A8 were particularly investigated in the male genital tract and the sperm cells. In this review, we will focus on SLC26s contributions to ionic- and pH-dependent processes during sperm post-testicular maturation. We will specify the current knowledge regarding their functions, based on data from the literature generated by means of in vitro and in vivo studies in knock-out mouse models together with genetic studies of infertile patients. We will also discuss the limits of those studies, the current research gaps and identify some key points for potential developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aminata Touré
- INSERM U1016, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Seidler U, Nikolovska K. Slc26 Family of Anion Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Expression, Function, Regulation, and Role in Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:839-872. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
32
|
2018 William Allan Award: Discovering the Genes for Common Disease: From Families to Populations. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:375-383. [PMID: 30849323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
33
|
Kausar M, Mäkitie RE, Toiviainen-Salo S, Ignatius J, Anees M, Mäkitie O. Recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia - Clinical characteristics caused by rare compound heterozygous SLC26A2 genotypes. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103573. [PMID: 30423444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic sequence variants in the solute carrier family 26 member 2 (SLC26A2) gene result in lethal (achondrogenesis Ib and atelosteogenesis II) and non-lethal (diastrophic dysplasia and recessive multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, rMED) chondrodysplasias. We report on two new patients with rMED and very rare compound heterozygous mutation combinations in non-consanguineous families. Patient I presented in childhood with waddling gait and joint stiffness. Radiographs showed epiphyseal changes, bilateral coxa plana-deformity and knee valgus deformity, for which he underwent surgeries. At present 33 years his height is 165 cm. Patient II presented with cleft palate, small jaw, short limbs, underdeveloped thumbs and on radiographs, cervical kyphosis with an underdeveloped C4. He also developed severe scoliosis but has grown at -2.9 SD curve. Molecular analysis revealed that patient I is heterozygous for two known pathogenic variants in SLC26A2, a splice site variant c.-26+2T > C and a missense variant c.1957T > A (p.Cys653Ser), while patient II is compound heterozygous for missense variants c.835C > T (p.Arg279Trp) and c.1535C > A (p.Thr512Lys). These patients further elucidate the variability of the phenotypic and genetic presentations of rMED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka E Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Ignatius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mooney JA, Huber CD, Service S, Sul JH, Marsden CD, Zhang Z, Sabatti C, Ruiz-Linares A, Bedoya G, Freimer N, Lohmueller KE. Understanding the Hidden Complexity of Latin American Population Isolates. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:707-726. [PMID: 30401458 PMCID: PMC6218714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most population isolates examined to date were founded from a single ancestral population. Consequently, there is limited knowledge about the demographic history of admixed population isolates. Here we investigate genomic diversity of recently admixed population isolates from Costa Rica and Colombia and compare their diversity to a benchmark population isolate, the Finnish. These Latin American isolates originated during the 16th century from admixture between a few hundred European males and Amerindian females, with a limited contribution from African founders. We examine whole-genome sequence data from 449 individuals, ascertained as families to build mutigenerational pedigrees, with a mean sequencing depth of coverage of approximately 36×. We find that Latin American isolates have increased genetic diversity relative to the Finnish. However, there is an increase in the amount of identity by descent (IBD) segments in the Latin American isolates relative to the Finnish. The increase in IBD segments is likely a consequence of a very recent and severe population bottleneck during the founding of the admixed population isolates. Furthermore, the proportion of the genome that falls within a long run of homozygosity (ROH) in Costa Rican and Colombian individuals is significantly greater than that in the Finnish, suggesting more recent consanguinity in the Latin American isolates relative to that seen in the Finnish. Lastly, we find that recent consanguinity increased the number of deleterious variants found in the homozygous state, which is relevant if deleterious variants are recessive. Our study suggests that there is no single genetic signature of a population isolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jazlyn A Mooney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian D Huber
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Susan Service
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Sul
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Center for Informatics and Personalized Genomics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Clare D Marsden
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chiara Sabatti
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nelson Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kirk E Lohmueller
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rahmati N, Hoebeek FE, Peter S, De Zeeuw CI. Chloride Homeostasis in Neurons With Special Emphasis on the Olivocerebellar System: Differential Roles for Transporters and Channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:101. [PMID: 29765304 PMCID: PMC5938380 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraneuronal ionic composition is an important determinant of brain functioning. There is growing evidence that aberrant homeostasis of the intracellular concentration of Cl- ([Cl-]i) evokes, in addition to that of Na+ and Ca2+, robust impairments of neuronal excitability and neurotransmission and thereby neurological conditions. More specifically, understanding the mechanisms underlying regulation of [Cl-]i is crucial for deciphering the variability in GABAergic and glycinergic signaling of neurons, in both health and disease. The homeostatic level of [Cl-]i is determined by various regulatory mechanisms, including those mediated by plasma membrane Cl- channels and transporters. This review focuses on the latest advances in identification, regulation and characterization of Cl- channels and transporters that modulate neuronal excitability and cell volume. By putting special emphasis on neurons of the olivocerebellar system, we establish that Cl- channels and transporters play an indispensable role in determining their [Cl-]i and thereby their function in sensorimotor coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Freek E. Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- NIDOD Institute, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saša Peter
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stumpff F. A look at the smelly side of physiology: transport of short chain fatty acids. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:571-598. [PMID: 29305650 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative organs such as the caecum, the colon, and the rumen have evolved to produce and absorb energy rich short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from otherwise indigestible substrates. Classical models postulate diffusional uptake of the undissociated acid (HSCFA). However, in net terms, a major part of SCFA absorption occurs with uptake of Na+ and resembles classical, coupled electroneutral NaCl transport. Considerable evidence suggests that the anion transporting proteins expressed by epithelia of fermentative organs are poorly selective and that their main function may be to transport acetate-, propionate-, butyrate- and HCO3- as the physiologically relevant anions. Apical uptake of SCFA thus involves non-saturable diffusion of the undissociated acid (HSCFA), SCFA-/HCO3- exchange via DRA (SLC26A3) and/or SCFA--H+ symport (MCT1, SLC16A1). All mechanisms lead to cytosolic acidification with stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange via NHE (SLC9A2/3). Basolaterally, Na+ leaves via the Na+/K+-ATPase with recirculation of K+. Na+ efflux drives the transport of SCFA- anions through volume-regulated anion channels, such as maxi-anion channels (possibly SLCO2A1), LRRC8, anoctamins, or uncoupled exchangers. When luminal buffering is inadequate, basolateral efflux will increasingly involve SCFA-/ HCO3- exchange (AE1/2, SCL4A1/2), or efflux of SCFA- with H+ (MCT1/4, SLC16A1/3). Furthermore, protons can be basolaterally removed by NHE1 (SCL9A1) or NBCe1 (SLC4A4). The purpose of these transport proteins is to maximize the amount of SCFA transported from the tightly buffered ingesta while minimizing acid transport through the epithelium. As known from the rumen for many decades, a disturbance of these processes is likely to cause severe colonic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Amelogenesis (tooth enamel formation) is a biomineralization process consisting primarily of two stages (secretory stage and maturation stage) with unique features. During the secretory stage, the inner epithelium of the enamel organ (i.e., the ameloblast cells) synthesizes and secretes enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) into the enamel space. The protein-rich enamel matrix forms a highly organized architecture in a pH-neutral microenvironment. As amelogenesis transitions to maturation stage, EMPs are degraded and internalized by ameloblasts through endosomal-lysosomal pathways. Enamel crystallite formation is initiated early in the secretory stage, however, during maturation stage the more rapid deposition of calcium and phosphate into the enamel space results in a rapid expansion of crystallite length and mineral volume. During maturation-stage amelogenesis, the pH value of enamel varies considerably from slightly above neutral to acidic. Extracellular acid-base balance during enamel maturation is tightly controlled by ameloblast-mediated regulatory networks, which include significant synthesis and movement of bicarbonate ions from both the enamel papillary layer cells and ameloblasts. In this review we summarize the carbonic anhydrases and the carbonate transporters/exchangers involved in pH regulation in maturation-stage amelogenesis. Proteins that have been shown to be instrumental in this process include CA2, CA6, CFTR, AE2, NBCe1, SLC26A1/SAT1, SLC26A3/DRA, SLC26A4/PDS, SLC26A6/PAT1, and SLC26A7/SUT2. In addition, we discuss the association of miRNA regulation with bicarbonate transport in tooth enamel formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Yin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael L Paine
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA103, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rapp C, Bai X, Reithmeier RAF. Molecular analysis of human solute carrier SLC26 anion transporter disease-causing mutations using 3-dimensional homology modeling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2420-2434. [PMID: 28941661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The availability of the first crystal structure of a bacterial member (SLC26Dg) of the solute carrier SLC26 family of anion transporters has allowed us to create 3-dimensional models of all 10 human members (SLC26A1-A11, A10 being a pseudogene) of these membrane proteins using the Phyre2 bioinformatic tool. The homology modeling predicted that the SLC26 human proteins, like the SLC26Dg template, all consist of 14 transmembrane segments (TM) arranged in a 7+7 inverted topology with the amino-termini of two half-helices (TM3 and 10) facing each other in the centre of the protein to create the anion-binding site, linked to a C-terminal cytosolic sulfate transporter anti-sigma factor antagonist (STAS) domain. A plethora of human diseases are associated with mutations in the genes encoding human SLC26 transporters, including chondrodysplasias with varying severity in SLC26A2 (~50 mutations, 27 point mutations), congenital chloride-losing diarrhea in SLC26A3 (~70 mutations, 31 point mutations) and Pendred Syndrome or deafness autosomal recessive type 4 in SLC26A4 (~500 mutations, 203 point mutations). We have localized all of these point mutations in the 3-dimensional structures of the respective SLC26A2, A3 and A4 proteins and systematically analyzed their effect on protein structure. While most disease-causing mutations may cause folding defects resulting in impaired trafficking of these membrane glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface - as demonstrated in a number of functional expression studies - the modeling also revealed that a number of pathogenic mutations are localized to the anion-binding site, which may directly affect transport function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Rapp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Bai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Falardeau F, Camurri MV, Campeau PM. Genomic approaches to diagnose rare bone disorders. Bone 2017; 102:5-14. [PMID: 27474525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are Mendelian disorders with a prevalence of approximatively 1 in every 5000 individuals and can usually be diagnosed based on clinical and radiological findings. However, given that some diseases can be caused by several different genes, and that some genes can cause a variety of different phenotypes, achieving a molecular diagnosis can be challenging. We review here different approaches, from single gene sequencing to genomic approaches using next-generation sequencing, to reach a molecular diagnosis for skeletal dysplasias. We will further describe the overall advantages and limitations of first, second and third-generation sequencing, including single gene sequencing, whole-exome and genome sequencing (WES and WGS), multiple gene panel sequencing and single molecule sequencing. We also provide a brief overview of potential future applications of emerging technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Falardeau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Whittamore JM, Hatch M. Loss of the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3), or PAT1 (Slc26a6), alters sulfate transport by the distal ileum and overall sulfate homeostasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G166-G179. [PMID: 28526688 PMCID: PMC5625136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00079.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ileum is considered the primary site of inorganic sulfate ([Formula: see text]) absorption. In the present study, we explored the contributions of the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/[Formula: see text]) exchangers downregulated in adenoma (DRA; Slc26a3), and putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1; Slc26a6), to the underlying transport mechanism. Transepithelial 35[Formula: see text] and 36Cl- fluxes were determined across isolated, short-circuited segments of the distal ileum from wild-type (WT), DRA-knockout (KO), and PAT1-KO mice, together with measurements of urine and plasma sulfate. The WT distal ileum supported net sulfate absorption [197.37 ± 13.61 (SE) nmol·cm-2·h-1], but neither DRA nor PAT1 directly contributed to the unidirectional mucosal-to-serosal flux ([Formula: see text]), which was sensitive to serosal (but not mucosal) DIDS, dependent on Cl-, and regulated by cAMP. However, the absence of DRA significantly enhanced net sulfate absorption by one-third via a simultaneous rise in [Formula: see text] and a 30% reduction to the secretory serosal-to-mucosal flux ([Formula: see text]). We propose that DRA, together with PAT1, contributes to [Formula: see text] by mediating sulfate efflux across the apical membrane. Associated with increased ileal sulfate absorption in vitro, plasma sulfate was 61% greater, and urinary sulfate excretion (USO4) 2.2-fold higher, in DRA-KO mice compared with WT controls, whereas USO4 was increased 1.8-fold in PAT1-KO mice. These alterations to sulfate homeostasis could not be accounted for by any changes to renal sulfate handling suggesting that the source of this additional sulfate was intestinal. In summary, we characterized transepithelial sulfate fluxes across the mouse distal ileum demonstrating that DRA (and to a lesser extent, PAT1) secretes sulfate with significant implications for intestinal sulfate absorption and overall homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sulfate is an essential anion that is actively absorbed from the small intestine involving members of the Slc26 gene family. Here, we show that the main intestinal chloride transporter Slc26a3, known as downregulated in adenoma (DRA), also handles sulfate and contributes to its secretion into the lumen. In the absence of functional DRA (as in the disease congenital chloride diarrhea), net intestinal sulfate absorption was significantly enhanced resulting in substantial alterations to overall sulfate homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marguerite Hatch
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chiesa E, Monti L, Paganini C, Dorati R, Conti B, Modena T, Rossi A, Genta I. Polyethylene Glycol-Poly-Lactide-co-Glycolide Block Copolymer-Based Nanoparticles as a Potential Tool for Off-Label Use of N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Diastrophic Dysplasia. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3631-3641. [PMID: 28826881 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Potential off-label therapeutic role of N-acetylcysteine (N-Ac) was recently demonstrated in the treatment of diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) using mutant mice; its main drawback is the rapid clearance from blood due to the liver metabolism. Our goal was to investigate the potential of polyethylene glycol polylactide-co-glycolide block copolymer (PLGA-PEG)-based nanoparticles (NPs) in order to improve in vivo biodistribution performances and N-Ac pharmacokinetic profile after subcutaneous administration in mice. Results suggest that N-Ac can be effectively loaded into NPs (about 99 μg/mg NPs) using a suitably optimized nanoprecipitation method. Thanks to the good physical characteristics (mean diameter <100 nm, zeta potential about -8 mV) NPs can reach skeletal tissue in particular femoral head and proximal tibia epiphysis at the sixth hour after injection, remaining in the tissues till 24 h. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic study revealed a sustained N-Ac concentration in plasma with a peak concentration of 2.48 ± 1.72 μM at the 24th hour after injection. Overall, results highlight the actual interest of N-Ac-loaded PLGA-PEG NPs as useful platform for N-Ac parenteral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 115, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Luca Monti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 3B, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 3B, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 115, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 115, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 115, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 3B, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 115, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abbott GW. Chansporter complexes in cell signaling. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2556-2576. [PMID: 28718502 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels facilitate diffusion of ions across cell membranes for such diverse purposes as neuronal signaling, muscular contraction, and fluid homeostasis. Solute transporters often utilize ionic gradients to move aqueous solutes up their concentration gradient, also fulfilling a wide variety of tasks. Recently, an increasing number of ion channel-transporter ('chansporter') complexes have been discovered. Chansporter complex formation may overcome what could otherwise be considerable spatial barriers to rapid signal integration and feedback between channels and transporters, the ions and other substrates they transport, and environmental factors to which they must respond. Here, current knowledge in this field is summarized, covering both heterologous expression structure/function findings and potential mechanisms by which chansporter complexes fulfill contrasting roles in cell signaling in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hinz FI, Geschwind DH. Molecular Genetics of Neurodegenerative Dementias. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a023705. [PMID: 27940516 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative dementias are clinically heterogeneous, progressive diseases with frequently overlapping symptoms, such as cognitive impairments and behavior and movement deficits. Although a majority of cases appear to be sporadic, there is a large genetic component that has yet to be fully explained. Here, we review the recent genetic and genomic findings pertaining to Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and prion dementia. In this review, we describe causal and susceptibility genes identified for these dementias and discuss recent research pertaining to the molecular function of these genes. Of particular interest, there is a large overlap in clinical phenotypes, genes, and/or aggregating protein products involved in these diseases, as well as frequent comorbid presentation, indicating that these dementias may represent a continuum of syndromes rather than individual diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora I Hinz
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095.,Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the dynamic lower extremity alignment in children with diastrophic dysplasia (DD) by 3-dimensional gait analyses. Our main hypothesis was that gait kinematics and kinetics are different than the age-normalized population and patellar dislocation can alter the gait in patients with DD. METHODS A retrospective review of clinical data and radiographs was conducted for patients with DD who had gait analysis before lower extremity skeletal surgery excluding foot procedures. Lower extremity range of motion was measured. The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) was administered to parents to evaluate their children's functional status. Gait laboratory data were collected to compare the hip and knee kinematics in cases with and without patellar dislocation. Anteroposterior standing radiographs were taken for all patients to assess the correlation between measurements (clinical, radiologic, and gait) for coronal knee alignment. RESULTS Thirty lower extremities of 15 children (7 females and 8 males) were evaluated. The mean age was 7.4±3 years, the mean height was 97.7±15 cm (z=-5.1), and the mean weight was 20.6±6.2 kg (z=-0.8). The DD PODCI subscores were statistically significantly lower (P<0.05) than the average stature for developing children, except for the happiness score. Gait analysis, compared between all DD and an age-normalized average stature group, showed decreased forward velocity, step length, and stride length with an increased average forward tilt of the trunk and pelvis, hip flexion, hip adduction, and internal rotation (P<0.001). Delta hip and knee motion were also decreased (P<0.001). The patella was dislocated in 19 (63.3%) and central in 11 (36.6%) knees. Comparison of the minimum knee and hip flexion at the stance phase demonstrated increased crouch gait in the patellar dislocation group (P<0.001). Knee alignment measurements between clinical examination and gait analysis showed moderate correlation (r, 0.476; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Children with DD demonstrated lower PODCI subscores except for happiness. Gait analysis showed limited lower extremity function of the children with DD in our study group. Patella dislocation group had increased crouch gait. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE Level III-diagnostic study.
Collapse
|
45
|
Muys J, Blaumeiser B, Jacquemyn Y, Janssens K. Prenatal homozygosity mapping detects a novel mutation in CHST3 in a fetus with skeletal dysplasia and joint dislocations. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:440-445. [PMID: 28396765 PMCID: PMC5378824 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In selected cases, homozygosity mapping followed by direct sequencing of one or a few carefully selected candidate genes in a prenatal setting can be beneficial to obtain diagnosis in consanguineous families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joke Muys
- University Hospital Antwerp Edegem Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo L, Elcioglu NH, Iida A, Demirkol YK, Aras S, Matsumoto N, Nishimura G, Miyake N, Ikegawa S. Novel and recurrent XYLT1 mutations in two Turkish families with Desbuquois dysplasia, type 2. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:447-451. [PMID: 27881841 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Desbuquois dysplasia (DBQD) is an autosomal recessive skeletal disorder characterized by growth retardation, joint laxity, short extremities, and progressive scoliosis. DBQD is classified into two types based on the presence (DBQD1) or absence (DBQD2) of characteristic hand abnormalities. CANT1 mutations have been reported in both DBQD1 and DBQD2. Recently, mutations in the gene encoding xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1) were identified in several families with DBQD2. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in two Turkish families with DBQD2. We found a novel and a recurrent XYLT1 mutation in each family. The patients were homozygous for the mutations. Our results further support that XYLT1 is responsible for a major subset of DBQD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nursel H Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aritoshi Iida
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasemin K Demirkol
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Aras
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Pediatric Imaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ranza E, Huber C, Levin N, Baujat G, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Masson C, Alanay Y, Al-Gazali L, Bitoun P, Boute O, Campeau P, Coubes C, McEntagart M, Elcioglu N, Faivre L, Gezdirici A, Johnson D, Mihci E, Nur BG, Perrin L, Quelin C, Terhal P, Tuysuz B, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasia with multiple dislocations: comprehensive study of a series of 30 cases. Clin Genet 2017; 91:868-880. [PMID: 28229453 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The group of chondrodysplasia with multiple dislocations includes several entities, characterized by short stature, dislocation of large joints, hand and/or vertebral anomalies. Other features, such as epiphyseal or metaphyseal changes, cleft palate, intellectual disability are also often part of the phenotype. In addition, several conditions with overlapping features are related to this group and broaden the spectrum. The majority of these disorders have been linked to pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of proteoglycans (PG). In a series of 30 patients with multiple dislocations, we have performed exome sequencing and subsequent targeted analysis of 15 genes, implicated in chondrodysplasia with multiple dislocations, and related conditions. We have identified causative pathogenic variants in 60% of patients (18/30); when a clinical diagnosis was suspected, this was molecularly confirmed in 53% of cases. Forty percent of patients remain without molecular etiology. Pathogenic variants in genes implicated in PG synthesis are of major importance in chondrodysplasia with multiple dislocations and related conditions. The combination of hand features, growth failure severity, radiological aspects of long bones and of vertebrae allowed discrimination among the different conditions. We propose key diagnostic clues to the clinician.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ranza
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Huber
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - N Levin
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - G Baujat
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - C Bole-Feysot
- Plateforme de génomique, Fondation IMAGINE, Paris, France
| | - P Nitschke
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Masson
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Y Alanay
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetics Unit, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Al-Gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - P Bitoun
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - O Boute
- Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - P Campeau
- Division of Medical genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - C Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - M McEntagart
- Medical Genetics, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - L Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs et FHU TRANSLAD, CHU de Dijon et Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - A Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Johnson
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Mihci
- Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - B G Nur
- Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - L Perrin
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - C Quelin
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - P Terhal
- University Medical Center, Wilhelmina Childrens Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Tuysuz
- Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - V Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades (AP-HP), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Langford R, Hurrion E, Dawson PA. Genetics and pathophysiology of mammalian sulfate biology. J Genet Genomics 2017; 44:7-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
49
|
The role of intestinal oxalate transport in hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones in animals and man. Urolithiasis 2016; 45:89-108. [PMID: 27913853 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-016-0952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The intestine exerts a considerable influence over urinary oxalate in two ways, through the absorption of dietary oxalate and by serving as an adaptive extra-renal pathway for elimination of this waste metabolite. Knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for oxalate absorption and secretion by the intestine therefore have significant implications for understanding the etiology of hyperoxaluria, as well as offering potential targets for future treatment strategies for calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. In this review, we present the recent developments and advances in this area over the past 10 years, and put to the test some of the new ideas that have emerged during this time, using human and mouse models. A key focus for our discussion are the membrane-bound anion exchangers, belonging to the SLC26 gene family, some of which have been shown to participate in transcellular oxalate absorption and secretion. This has offered the opportunity to not only examine the roles of these specific transporters, revealing their importance to oxalate homeostasis, but to also probe the relative contributions made by the active transcellular and passive paracellular components of oxalate transport across the intestine. We also discuss some of the various physiological stimuli and signaling pathways which have been suggested to participate in the adaptation and regulation of intestinal oxalate transport. Finally, we offer an update on research into Oxalobacter formigenes, alongside recent investigations of other oxalate-degrading gut bacteria, in both laboratory animals and humans.
Collapse
|
50
|
Silveira C, Leal GF, Cavalcanti DP. Desbuquois dysplasia type II in a patient with a homozygous mutation in XYLT1 and new unusual findings. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:3043-3047. [PMID: 27481334 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Silveira
- Skeletal Dysplasia Group, Department of Medical Genetic, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Leal
- Professor Fernando Figueira Integral Medicine Institute (IMIP), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Denise P Cavalcanti
- Skeletal Dysplasia Group, Department of Medical Genetic, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|