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Horvat S, Kos J, Pišlar A. Multifunctional roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system: more than a neuronal marker. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:61. [PMID: 38735971 PMCID: PMC11089681 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Enolase, a multifunctional protein with diverse isoforms, has generally been recognized for its primary roles in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The shift in isoform expression from α-enolase to neuron-specific γ-enolase extends beyond its enzymatic role. Enolase is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation, and the maturation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system. Neuron-specific γ-enolase is a critical biomarker for neurodegenerative pathologies and neurological conditions, not only indicating disease but also participating in nerve cell formation and neuroprotection and exhibiting neurotrophic-like properties. These properties are precisely regulated by cysteine peptidase cathepsin X and scaffold protein γ1-syntrophin. Our findings suggest that γ-enolase, specifically its C-terminal part, may offer neuroprotective benefits against neurotoxicity seen in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, although the therapeutic potential of γ-enolase seems promising, the effectiveness of enolase inhibitors is under debate. This paper reviews the research on the roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system, especially in pathophysiological events and the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Horvat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Rodríguez-Vega A, Dutra-Tavares AC, Souza TP, Semeão KA, Filgueiras CC, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Manhães AC, Abreu-Villaça Y. Nicotine Exposure in a Phencyclidine-Induced Mice Model of Schizophrenia: Sex-Selective Medial Prefrontal Cortex Protein Markers of the Combined Insults in Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14634. [PMID: 37834084 PMCID: PMC10572990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco misuse as a comorbidity of schizophrenia is frequently established during adolescence. However, comorbidity markers are still missing. Here, the method of label-free proteomics was used to identify deregulated proteins in the medial prefrontal cortex (prelimbic and infralimbic) of male and female mice modelled to schizophrenia with a history of nicotine exposure during adolescence. Phencyclidine (PCP), used to model schizophrenia (SCHZ), was combined with an established model of nicotine minipump infusions (NIC). The combined insults led to worse outcomes than each insult separately when considering the absolute number of deregulated proteins and that of exclusively deregulated ones. Partially shared Reactome pathways between sexes and between PCP, NIC and PCPNIC groups indicate functional overlaps. Distinctively, proteins differentially expressed exclusively in PCPNIC mice reveal unique effects associated with the comorbidity model. Interactome maps of these proteins identified sex-selective subnetworks, within which some proteins stood out: for females, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (Fkbp1a) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B (Hspa1b), both components of the oxidative stress subnetwork, and gamma-enolase (Eno2), a component of the energy metabolism subnetwork; and for males, amphiphysin (Amph), a component of the synaptic transmission subnetwork. These are proposed to be further investigated and validated as markers of the combined insult during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Rodríguez-Vega
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Dutra-Tavares
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Thainá P. Souza
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Keila A. Semeão
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Claudio C. Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, São Gonçalo 24435-005, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Alex C. Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil; (A.R.-V.); (A.C.D.-T.); (T.P.S.); (K.A.S.); (C.C.F.); (A.C.M.)
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McCoy HM, Polcyn R, Banik NL, Haque A. Regulation of enolase activation to promote neural protection and regeneration in spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1457-1462. [PMID: 36571342 PMCID: PMC10075133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition characterized by damage to the spinal cord resulting in loss of function, mobility, and sensation with no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved cure. Enolase, a multifunctional glycolytic enzyme upregulated after SCI, promotes pro- and anti-inflammatory events and regulates functional recovery in SCI. Enolase is normally expressed in the cytosol, but the expression is upregulated at the cell surface following cellular injury, promoting glial cell activation and signal transduction pathway activation. SCI-induced microglia activation triggers pro-inflammatory mediators at the injury site, activating other immune cells and metabolic events, i.e., Rho-associated kinase, contributing to the neuroinflammation found in SCI. Enolase surface expression also activates cathepsin X, resulting in cleavage of the C-terminal end of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE). Fully functional enolase is necessary as NSE/NNE C-terminal proteins activate many neurotrophic processes, i.e., the plasminogen activation system, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Studies here suggest an enolase inhibitor, ENOblock, attenuates the activation of Rho-associated kinase, which may decrease glial cell activation and promote functional recovery following SCI. Also, ENOblock inhibits cathepsin X, which may help prevent the cleavage of the neurotrophic C-terminal protein allowing full plasminogen activation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. The combined NSE/cathepsin X inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing neuroinflammation/degeneration and promoting neural cell regeneration and recovery following SCI. The role of cell membrane-expressed enolase and associated metabolic events should be investigated to determine if the same strategies can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, this review discusses the importance of enolase activation and inhibition as a potential therapeutic target following SCI to promote neuronal survival and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. McCoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Naren L. Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Kowalski K, Marciniak P, Rychlik L. Proteins from toad's parotoid macroglands: do they play a role in gland functioning and chemical defence? Front Zool 2023; 20:21. [PMID: 37328749 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-023-00499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parotoid gland secretion of bufonid toads is a rich source of toxic molecules that are used against predators, parasites and pathogens. Bufadienolides and biogenic amines are the principal compounds responsible for toxicity of parotoid secretion. Many toxicological and pharmacological analyses of parotoid secretions have been performed, but little is known about the processes related to poison production and secretion. Therefore, our aim was to investigate protein content in parotoids of the common toad, Bufo bufo, to understand the processes that regulate synthesis and excretion of toxins as well as functioning of parotoid macroglands. RESULTS Applying a proteomic approach we identified 162 proteins in the extract from toad's parotoids that were classified into 11 categories of biological functions. One-third (34.6%) of the identified molecules, including acyl-CoA-binding protein, actin, catalase, calmodulin, and enolases, were involved in cell metabolism. We found many proteins related to cell division and cell cycle regulation (12.0%; e.g. histone and tubulin), cell structure maintenance (8.4%; e.g. thymosin beta-4, tubulin), intra- and extracellular transport (8.4%), cell aging and apoptosis (7.3%; e.g. catalase and pyruvate kinase) as well as immune (7.0%; e.g. interleukin-24 and UV excision repair protein) and stress (6.3%; including heat shock proteins, peroxiredoxin-6 and superoxide dismutase) response. We also identified two proteins, phosphomevalonate kinase and isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase 1, that are involved in synthesis of cholesterol which is a precursor for bufadienolides biosynthesis. STRING protein-protein interaction network predicted for identified proteins showed that most proteins are related to metabolic processes, particularly glycolysis, stress response and DNA repair and replication. The results of GO enrichment and KEGG analyses are also consistent with these findings. CONCLUSION This finding indicates that cholesterol may be synthesized in parotoids, and not only in the liver from which is then transferred through the bloodstream to the parotoid macroglands. Presence of proteins that regulate cell cycle, cell division, aging and apoptosis may indicate a high epithelial cell turnover in parotoids. Proteins protecting skin cells from DNA damage may help to minimize the harmful effects of UV radiation. Thus, our work extends our knowledge with new and important functions of parotoids, major glands involved in the bufonid chemical defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kowalski
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Paweł Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Leszek Rychlik
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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5
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Huang Y, Driedonks TAP, Cheng L, Rajapaksha H, Turchinovich A, Routenberg DA, Nagaraj R, Redding-Ochoa J, Arab T, Powell BH, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Zheng L, Hill AF, Mahairaki V, Witwer KW. Relationships of APOE Genotypes With Small RNA and Protein Cargo of Brain Tissue Extracellular Vesicles From Patients With Late-Stage AD. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e200026. [PMID: 36405397 PMCID: PMC9667865 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Variants of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are the greatest known risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). Three major APOE isoform alleles, ε2, ε3, and ε4, encode and produce proteins that differ by only 1-2 amino acids but have different binding partner interactions. Whereas APOE ε2 is protective against AD relative to ε3, ε4 is associated with an increased risk for AD development. However, the role of APOE in gene regulation in AD pathogenesis has remained largely undetermined. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles released by cells to dispose of unwanted materials and mediate intercellular communication, and they are implicated in AD pathophysiology. Brain-derived EVs (bdEVs) could act locally in the tissue and reflect cellular changes. To reveal whether APOE genotype affects EV components in AD brains, bdEVs were separated from patients with AD with different APOE genotypes for parallel small RNA and protein profile. Methods bdEVs from late-stage AD brains (BRAAK stages 5-6) from patients with APOE genotypes ε2/3 (n = 5), ε3/3 (n = 5), ε3/4 (n = 6), and ε4/4 (n = 6) were separated using our published protocol into a 10,000g pelleted extracellular fraction (10K) and a further purified EV fraction. Counting, sizing, and multiomic characterization by small RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis were performed for 10K, EVs, and source tissue. Results Comparing APOE genotypes, no significant differences in bdEV total particle concentration or morphology were observed. Overall small RNA and protein profiles of 10K, EVs, and source tissue also did not differ substantially between different APOE genotypes. However, several differences in individual RNAs (including miRNAs and tRNAs) and proteins in 10K and EVs were observed when comparing the highest and lowest risk groups (ε4/4 and ε2/3). Bioinformatic analysis and previous publications indicate a potential regulatory role of these molecules in AD. Discussion For patients with late-stage AD in this study, only a few moderate differences were observed for small RNA and protein profiles between APOE genotypes. Among these, several newly identified 10K and EV-associated molecules may play roles in AD progression. Possibly, larger genotype-related differences exist and are more apparent in or before earlier disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyao Huang
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tom A P Driedonks
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harinda Rajapaksha
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrey Turchinovich
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A Routenberg
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rajini Nagaraj
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tanina Arab
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bonita H Powell
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Y.H., T.A.P.D., T.A., B.H.P., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry (L.C., H.R., A.F.H.), La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Molecular Epidemiology (A.T.), German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany; SciBerg e.Kfm (A.T.), Mannheim, Germany; Meso Scale Diagnostics (D.A.R., R.N.), LLC, Rockville, MD; Department of Pathology (J.R.-O., O.P., J.C.T.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences (O.P.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY; Department of Neurology (J.C.T., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Laboratory Medicine (L.Z.), Institute of Health and Sport (A.F.H.), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Genetic Medicine (V.M.); and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease (V.M., K.W.W.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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6
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Majc B, Habič A, Novak M, Rotter A, Porčnik A, Mlakar J, Župunski V, Fonović UP, Knez D, Zidar N, Gobec S, Kos J, Turnšek TL, Pišlar A, Breznik B. Upregulation of Cathepsin X in Glioblastoma: Interplay with γ-Enolase and the Effects of Selective Cathepsin X Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031784. [PMID: 35163706 PMCID: PMC8836869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. Understanding GBM pathobiology and discovering novel therapeutic targets are critical to finding efficient treatments. Upregulation of the lysosomal cysteine carboxypeptidase cathepsin X has been linked to immune dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in cancer and particularly in GBM progression in patients is unknown. In this study, cathepsin X expression and activity were found to be upregulated in human GBM tissues compared to low-grade gliomas and nontumor brain tissues. Cathepsin X was localized in GBM cells as well as in tumor-associated macrophages and microglia. Subsequently, potent irreversible (AMS36) and reversible (Z7) selective cathepsin X inhibitors were tested in vitro. Selective cathepsin X inhibitors decreased the viability of patient-derived GBM cells as well as macrophages and microglia that were cultured in conditioned media of GBM cells. We next examined the expression pattern of neuron-specific enzyme γ-enolase, which is the target of cathepsin X. We found that there was a correlation between high proteolytic activity of cathepsin X and C-terminal cleavage of γ-enolase and that cathepsin X and γ-enolase were colocalized in GBM tissues, preferentially in GBM-associated macrophages and microglia. Taken together, our results on patient-derived material suggest that cathepsin X is involved in GBM progression and is a potential target for therapeutic approaches against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (A.H.); (M.N.); (A.R.); (T.L.T.)
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 39 Jamova cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Habič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (A.H.); (M.N.); (A.R.); (T.L.T.)
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 39 Jamova cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (A.H.); (M.N.); (A.R.); (T.L.T.)
| | - Ana Rotter
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (A.H.); (M.N.); (A.R.); (T.L.T.)
| | - Andrej Porčnik
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 7 Zaloška cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 2 Korytkova ulica, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia;
| | - Vera Župunski
- Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 113 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Urša Pečar Fonović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.P.F.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.P.F.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.P.F.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.P.F.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.P.F.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (A.H.); (M.N.); (A.R.); (T.L.T.)
- Chair of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 113 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (U.P.F.); (D.K.); (N.Z.); (S.G.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); Tel.: +386-(0)59-232-870; (A.P.), Tel.: +386-(0)14-169-526
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (A.H.); (M.N.); (A.R.); (T.L.T.)
- Correspondence: (B.B.); Tel.: +386-(0)59-232-870; (A.P.), Tel.: +386-(0)14-169-526
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7
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Pišlar A, Kos J. γ-Enolase enhances Trk endosomal trafficking and promotes neurite outgrowth in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:118. [PMID: 34895236 PMCID: PMC8665614 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophins can activate multiple signalling pathways in neuronal cells through binding to their cognate receptors, leading to neurotrophic processes such as cell survival and differentiation. γ-Enolase has been shown to have a neurotrophic activity that depends on its translocation towards the plasma membrane by the scaffold protein γ1-syntrophin. The association of γ-enolase with its membrane receptor or other binding partners at the plasma membrane remains unknown. METHODS In the present study, we used immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence to show that γ-enolase associates with the intracellular domain of the tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) family of tyrosine kinase receptors at the plasma membrane of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. RESULTS In differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with reduced expression of γ1-syntrophin, the association of γ-enolase with the Trk receptor was diminished due to impaired translocation of γ-enolase towards the plasma membrane or impaired Trk activity. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with a γ-Eno peptide that mimics γ-enolase neurotrophic activity promoted Trk receptor internalisation and endosomal trafficking, as defined by reduced levels of Trk in clathrin-coated vesicles and increased levels in late endosomes. In this way, γ-enolase triggers Rap1 activation, which is required for neurotrophic activity of γ-enolase. Additionally, the inhibition of Trk kinase activity by K252a revealed that increased SH-SY5Y cell survival and neurite outgrowth mediated by the γ-Eno peptide through activation of signalling cascade depends on Trk kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS These data therefore establish the Trk receptor as a binding partner of γ-enolase, whereby Trk endosomal trafficking is promoted by γ-Eno peptide to mediate its neurotrophic signalling. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pišlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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8
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Ethinyl Estadiol/Progestin Oral Contraceptives Depress Spatial Learning and Dysregulate Hippocampal CA3 Microstructure: Implications for Behavioral-Cognitive Effects of Chronic Contraceptive Use? ACTA MEDICA BULGARICA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/amb-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Combined oral contraceptive pill contains ethinyl estradiol and a synthetic progestin, which prevent ovulation by suppressing the release of the gonadotropins resulting in the inhibition of ovarian follicles’ development. Although advantageous in birth control, the impact on learning and memory is limited necessitating this study on its effect on spatial learning, and hippocampal CA3 microstructure. Thirty two female Wistar rats of average body weight 200 g were equally divided (n = 8) into four groups; 0.002 mg/kg levonorgestrel plus 0.00043 mg/kg ethinyl estradiol (COCP) were administered orally for 21, 42 and 63 days. 24 hours after the last administration the rats underwent Morris water maze test and were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion-fixation. Their hippocampal regions were processed for histological study, and immunolabelled with anti-neuron specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Results showed that the COCP test groups had shorter escape latencies (p ≤ 0.05) in the visible and hidden platform trials. The COCP test groups showed no difference in neuronal population, although some of the hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons were either atrophic and/or karyorrhectic, with shrunken and dense nuclei. NSE expression was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the 21, 42 and 63 days COCP groups, while GFAP expression was lower in the 21 days COCP group, but not different in the 42 and 63 days COCP groups compared with the control. These preliminary results show that COCP influence spatial learning, and may also reduce neuronal metabolic activity, while increasing astrocytic activity in the hippocampal CA3.
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9
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Rodríguez-Saavedra C, Morgado-Martínez LE, Burgos-Palacios A, King-Díaz B, López-Coria M, Sánchez-Nieto S. Moonlighting Proteins: The Case of the Hexokinases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701975. [PMID: 34235183 PMCID: PMC8256278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins are defined as proteins with two or more functions that are unrelated and independent to each other, so that inactivation of one of them should not affect the second one and vice versa. Intriguingly, all the glycolytic enzymes are described as moonlighting proteins in some organisms. Hexokinase (HXK) is a critical enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and displays a wide range of functions in different organisms such as fungi, parasites, mammals, and plants. This review discusses HXKs moonlighting functions in depth since they have a profound impact on the responses to nutritional, environmental, and disease challenges. HXKs’ activities can be as diverse as performing metabolic activities, as a gene repressor complexing with other proteins, as protein kinase, as immune receptor and regulating processes like autophagy, programmed cell death or immune system responses. However, most of those functions are particular for some organisms while the most common moonlighting HXK function in several kingdoms is being a glucose sensor. In this review, we also analyze how different regulation mechanisms cause HXK to change its subcellular localization, oligomeric or conformational state, the response to substrate and product concentration, and its interactions with membrane, proteins, or RNA, all of which might impact the HXK moonlighting functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Morgado-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Burgos-Palacios
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat López-Coria
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Laboratorio de Transporte y Percepción de Azúcares en Plantas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Mule SN, Gomes VDM, Wailemann RAM, Macedo-da-Silva J, Rosa-Fernandes L, Larsen MR, Labriola L, Palmisano G. HSPB1 influences mitochondrial respiration in ER-stressed beta cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140680. [PMID: 34051341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cell death and dysfunction are involved in the development of type 1 and 2 diabetes. ER-stress impairs beta-cells function resulting in pro-apoptotic stimuli that promote cell death. Hence, the identification of protective mechanisms in response to ER-stress could lead to novel therapeutic targets and insight in the pathology of these diseases. Here, we report the identification of proteins involved in dysregulated pathways upon thapsigargin treatment of MIN6 cells. Utilizing quantitative proteomics we identified upregulation of proteins involved in protein folding, unfolded protein response, redox homeostasis, proteasome processes associated with endoplasmic reticulum and downregulation of TCA cycle, cellular respiration, lipid metabolism and ribosome assembly processes associated to mitochondria and eukaryotic initiation translation factor components. Subsequently, pro-inflammatory cytokine treatment was performed to mimic pathological changes observed in beta-cells during diabetes. Cytokines induced ER stress and impaired mitochondrial function in beta-cells corroborating the results obtained with the proteomic approach. HSPB1 levels are increased by prolactin on pancreatic beta-cells and this protein is a key factor for cytoprotection although its role has not been fully elucidated. Here we show that while up-regulation of HSPB1 was able to restore the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by beta-cells' exposure to inflammatory cytokines, silencing of this chaperone abrogated the beneficial effects promoted by PRL. Taken together, our results outline the importance of HSPB1 to mitigate beta-cell dysfunction. Further studies are needed to elucidate its role in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius De Morais Gomes
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela A M Wailemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Rosa-Fernandes
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Letícia Labriola
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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11
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GIM SA, PARK DJ, KANG JB, SHAH FA, KOH PO. Identification of regulated proteins by resveratrol in glutamate-induced cortical injury of newborn rats. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:724-733. [PMID: 33716268 PMCID: PMC8111349 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate induces neuronal damage by generating oxidative stress and neurotoxicities. The neurological damage caused by glutamate is more severe during brain development in newborns than in adults. Resveratrol is naturally present in a variety of fruits and medicinal plants and exerts a neuroprotective effect against brain damage. The goal of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol and to identify changed proteins in response to resveratrol treatment during glutamate-induced neonatal cortical damage. Sprague-Dawley rat pups (7 days old) were randomly divided into vehicle, resveratrol, glutamate, and glutamate and resveratrol groups. The animals were intraperitoneally injected with glutamate (10 mg/kg) and/or resveratrol (20 mg/kg) and their brain tissue was collected 4 hr after drug administration. Glutamate exposure caused severe histopathological changes, while resveratrol attenuated this damage. We identified regulated proteins by resveratrol in glutamate-induced cortical damaged tissue using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Among identified proteins, we focused on eukaryotic initiation factor 4A2, γ-enolase, protein phosphatase 2A subunit B, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. These proteins decreased in the glutamate-treated group, whereas the combination treatment of glutamate and resveratrol attenuated these protein reductions. These proteins are anti-oxidant proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins. These results suggest that glutamate induces brain cortical damage in newborns; resveratrol exerts a neuroprotective effect by controlling expression of various proteins with anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-A GIM
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju,
52828, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ju PARK
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju,
52828, South Korea
| | - Ju-Bin KANG
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju,
52828, South Korea
| | - Fawad-Ali SHAH
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju,
52828, South Korea
- Current affiliation: Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Riphah International University, near Hajj Complex, I-14, Islamabad, Islamabad
Capital Territory 46000, Pakistan
| | - Phil-Ok KOH
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju,
52828, South Korea
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12
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A Review on Potential Footprints of Ferulic Acid for Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1043-1057. [PMID: 33547615 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid is being screened in preclinical settings to combat various neurological disorders. It is a naturally occurring dietary flavonoid commonly found in grains, fruits, and vegetables such as rice, wheat, oats, tomatoes, sweet corn etc., which exhibits protective effects against a number of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, depression, ischemia-reperfusion injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Ferulic acid prevents and treats different neurological diseases pertaining to its potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, beside modulating unique neuro-signaling pathways. It stays in the bloodstream for longer periods than other dietary polyphenols and antioxidants and easily crosses blood brain barrier. The use of novel drug delivery systems such as solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) or its salt forms (sodium ferulate, ethyl ferulate, and isopentyl ferulate) further enhance its bioavailability and cerebral penetration. Based on reported studies, ferulic acid appears to be a promising molecule for treatment of neurological disorders; however, more preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) mechanism-based studies should be planned and conceived followed by its testing in clinical settings.
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13
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Parkinson's Disease Master Regulators on Substantia Nigra and Frontal Cortex and Their Use for Drug Repositioning. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1517-1534. [PMID: 33211252 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Available evidences support the view of PD as a complex disease, being the outcome of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In face of diagnosis and therapy challenges, and the elusive PD etiology, the use of alternative methodological approaches for the elucidation of the disease pathophysiological mechanisms and proposal of novel potential therapeutic interventions has become increasingly necessary. In the present study, we first reconstructed the transcriptional regulatory networks (TN), centered on transcription factors (TF), of two brain regions affected in PD, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the frontal cortex (FCtx). Then, we used case-control studies data from these regions to identify TFs working as master regulators (MR) of the disease, based on region-specific TNs. Twenty-nine regulatory units enriched with differentially expressed genes were identified for the SNc, and twenty for the FCtx, all of which were considered MR candidates for PD. Three consensus MR candidates were found for SNc and FCtx, namely ATF2, SLC30A9, and ZFP69B. In order to search for novel potential therapeutic interventions, we used these consensus MR candidate signatures as input to the Connectivity Map (CMap), a computational drug repositioning webtool. This analysis resulted in the identification of four drugs that reverse the expression pattern of all three MR consensus simultaneously, benperidol, harmaline, tubocurarine chloride, and vorinostat, thus suggested as novel potential PD therapeutic interventions.
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14
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Rópolo AS, Feliziani C, Touz MC. Unusual proteins in Giardia duodenalis and their role in survival. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 106:1-50. [PMID: 31630755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of the parasite Giardia duodenalis to perform complex functions with minimal amounts of proteins and organelles has attracted increasing numbers of scientists worldwide, trying to explain how this parasite adapts to internal and external changes to survive. One explanation could be that G. duodenalis evolved from a structurally complex ancestor by reductive evolution, resulting in adaptation to its parasitic lifestyle. Reductive evolution involves the loss of genes, organelles, and functions that commonly occur in many parasites, by which the host renders some structures and functions redundant. However, there is increasing data that Giardia possesses proteins able to perform more than one function. During recent decades, the concept of moonlighting was described for multitasking proteins, which involves only proteins with an extra independent function(s). In this chapter, we provide an overview of unusual proteins in Giardia that present multifunctional properties depending on the location and/or parasite requirement. We also discuss experimental evidence that may allow some giardial proteins to be classified as moonlighting proteins by examining the properties of moonlighting proteins in general. Up to date, Giardia does not seem to require the numerous redundant proteins present in other organisms to accomplish its normal functions, and thus this parasite may be an appropriate model for understanding different aspects of moonlighting proteins, which may be helpful in the design of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Rópolo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Feliziani
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Touz
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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15
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Yamaguchi T, Lee JH, Lim AR, Yu EJ, Oh TJ. Biotransformation into 11α-hydroxyprogesterone glucosides by glucosyltransferase. Steroids 2019; 145:32-38. [PMID: 30753844 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, studies on the steroidal hormone activity in the brain have attracted attention, and the influences of the varied glucosides and their artificial derivatives have been discussed; additionally, it has been suggested that glucosides are the synthetic precursors of glucuronide as a label molecule. However, glucosides are formed with 11α-hydroxyprogesterone (1), which is important as a blood pressure regulator, but anti-androgen activity remains unknown. Using UDP-glucosyltransferase, glucoside synthesis was successful in linking β-d-glucopyranose and β-d-laminaribiose to 11α oxygen of 1 at a high conversion ratio, and full assignment structure was analyzed for the two glucosides by high-resolution quadrupole-time flight electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, 1D (1H and 13C) NMR and 2D (COSY, ROESY, HSQC-DEPT and HMQC) NMR. Furthermore, the bioactivity of 1 and two 11α-hydroxyprogesterone glucosides [11α-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxyprogesterone, 2, and 11α-(β-d-laminaribiosyl)oxyprogesterone, 3] was tested in vitro. On rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the two 11α-hydroxyprogesterone glucosides (2 and 3) showed superior neuroprotective effects and increased cellular ATP levels compared with those of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea; Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Ho Lee
- Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea.
| | - A-Rang Lim
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ji Yu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea; Genome-based BioIT Convergence Institute, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea; Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Pagani TD, Guimarães ACR, Waghabi MC, Corrêa PR, Kalume DE, Berrêdo-Pinho M, Degrave WM, Mendonça-Lima L. Exploring the Potential Role of Moonlighting Function of the Surface-Associated Proteins From Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau and Pasteur by Comparative Proteomic. Front Immunol 2019; 10:716. [PMID: 31080447 PMCID: PMC6497762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated proteins from Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau RDJ are important components of the live Brazilian vaccine against tuberculosis. They are important targets during initial BCG vaccine stimulation and modulation of the host's immune response, especially in the bacterial-host interaction. These proteins might also be involved in cellular communication, chemical response to the environment, pathogenesis processes through mobility, colonization, and adherence to the host cell, therefore performing multiple functions. In this study, the proteomic profile of the surface-associated proteins from M. bovis BCG Moreau was compared to the BCG Pasteur reference strain. The methodology used was 2DE gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry techniques (MALDI-TOF/TOF), leading to the identification of 115 proteins. Of these, 24 proteins showed differential expression between the two BCG strains. Furthermore, 27 proteins previously described as displaying moonlighting function were identified, 8 of these proteins showed variation in abundance comparing BCG Moreau to Pasteur and 2 of them presented two different domain hits. Moonlighting proteins are multifunctional proteins in which two or more biological functions are fulfilled by a single polypeptide chain. Therefore, the identification of such proteins with moonlighting predicted functions can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms unleashed by live BCG Moreau RDJ vaccine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Duarte Pagani
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina R Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paloma Rezende Corrêa
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dário Eluan Kalume
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Unidade de Espectrometria de Massas e Proteômica, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Berrêdo-Pinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wim Maurits Degrave
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Mendonça-Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Wang SY, Zha XJ, Zhu XY, Li WB, Ma J, Wu ZW, Wu H, Jiang MF, Wen YF. Metabolic syndrome and its components with neuron-specific enolase: a cross-sectional study in large health check-up population in China. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020899. [PMID: 29643166 PMCID: PMC5898352 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Chinese health check-up population. PARTICIPANTS 40 684 health check-up people were enrolled in this study from year 2014 to 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OR and coefficient for MS. RESULTS The percentage of abnormal NSE and MS was 26.85% and 8.85%, respectively. There were significant differences in sex, body mass index, drinking habit, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure and MS between low-NSE and high-NSE groups. In logistic regression analysis, elevated NSE was present in MS, higher body mass index, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension and low-HDL groups. Stepwise linear analysis showed a negative correlation between NSE and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (<6.0 mmol/L), and a positive correlation between NSE and TGs (<20 mmol/L), systolic blood pressure (75-200 mm Hg), HDL-C (0.75-2.50 mmol/L), diastolic blood pressure (<70 mm Hg) and FBG (6.00-20.00 mmol/L). Furthermore, MS was positively correlated with NSE within the range of 2.00-7.50 ng/mL, but had a negative correlation with NSE within the range of 7.50-23.00 ng/mL. CONCLUSION There are associations between NSE with MS and its components. The result suggests that NSE may be a potential predictor of MS. Further research could be conducted in discussing the potential mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zha
- Medical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ze-Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huan Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Fei Jiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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18
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Kudryavtseva AV, Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Alekseev BY, Kardymon OL, Sadritdinova AF, Fedorova MS, Pokrovsky AV, Melnikova NV, Kaprin AD, Moskalev AA, Snezhkina AV. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging and cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44879-44905. [PMID: 27270647 PMCID: PMC5216692 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and cancer are the most important issues to research. The population in the world is growing older, and the incidence of cancer increases with age. There is no doubt about the linkage between aging and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are still unknown. Several lines of evidence suggest that the oxidative stress as a cause and/or consequence of the mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main drivers of these processes. Increasing ROS levels and products of the oxidative stress, which occur in aging and age-related disorders, were also found in cancer. This review focuses on the similarities between ageing-associated and cancer-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as their common phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga L Kardymon
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Asiya F Sadritdinova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nataliya V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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19
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Quercetin attenuates the injury-induced reduction of γ-enolase expression in a middle cerebral artery occlusion animal model. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:308-314. [PMID: 29399028 PMCID: PMC5792532 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.4.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, copiously exists in vegetable, fruits and tea. Quercetin is beneficial to neurodegenerative disorders via its strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. γ-Enolase is one of the enzymes of glycolytic pathway and is predominantly expressed in neuronal cells. The aim of the present study is to verify whether quercetin modulates the expression of γ-enolase in brain ischemic injury. Adult Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and quercetin (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 1 h before MCAO onset. A proteomics study, Western blot analysis, reversetranscription-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to investigate the change of γ-enolase expression level. We identified a decline in γ-enolase expression in MCAO-operated animal model using a proteomic approach. However, quercetin treatment significantly attenuated this decline. These results were confirmed using Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunofluorescence staining techniques. γ-Enolase is accepted as a neuron specific energy synthesis enzyme, and quercetin modulates γ-enolase in a MCAO animal model. Thus, our findings can suggest the possibility that quercetin regulates γ-enolase expression in response to cerebral ischemia, which likely contributes to the neuroprotective effect of quercetin.
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20
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Sakane R, Kimura K, Hirota Y, Ishizawa M, Takagi Y, Wada A, Kuwahara S, Makishima M, Suhara Y. Synthesis of novel vitamin K derivatives with alkylated phenyl groups introduced at the ω-terminal side chain and evaluation of their neural differentiation activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4881-4884. [PMID: 28947152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is an essential cofactor of γ-glutamylcarboxylase as related to blood coagulation and bone formation. Menaquinone-4, one of the vitamin K homologues, is biosynthesized in the body and has various biological activities such as being a ligand for steroid and xenobiotic receptors, protection of neuronal cells from oxidative stress, and so on. From this background, we focused on the role of menaquinone in the differentiation activity of progenitor cells into neuronal cells and we synthesized novel vitamin K derivatives with modification of the ω-terminal side chain. We report here new vitamin K analogues, which introduced an alkylated phenyl group at the ω-terminal side chain. These compounds exhibited potent differentiation activity as compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sakane
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kimito Kimura
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuta Takagi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Department of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Suhara
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan.
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21
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Esnafoglu E, Ayyıldız SN, Cırrık S, Erturk EY, Erdil A, Daglı A, Noyan T. Evaluation of serum Neuron‐specific enolase, S100B, myelin basic protein and glial fibrilliary acidic protein as brain specific proteins in children with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:86-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erman Esnafoglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Sema Nur Ayyıldız
- Department of BiochemistryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Selma Cırrık
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Emine Yurdakul Erturk
- Department of PediatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Abdullah Erdil
- Department of PediatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Abdullah Daglı
- Department of PediatryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Tevfik Noyan
- Department of BiochemistryTraining and Research HospitalFaculty of MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
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22
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Kimura K, Hirota Y, Kuwahara S, Takeuchi A, Tode C, Wada A, Osakabe N, Suhara Y. Synthesis of Novel Synthetic Vitamin K Analogues Prepared by Introduction of a Heteroatom and a Phenyl Group That Induce Highly Selective Neuronal Differentiation of Neuronal Progenitor Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2591-2596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimito Kimura
- Laboratory
of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Bioscience
and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College
of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Laboratory
of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Atsuko Takeuchi
- Analytical
Laboratory, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Chisato Tode
- Analytical
Laboratory, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Department
of Life Science for Organic Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Food
and
Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College
of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Suhara
- Laboratory
of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Bioscience
and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
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23
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Hannan MA, Mohibbullah M, Hong YK, Moon IS. Proteomic Analysis of the Neurotrophic Effect of Gelidium amansii in Primary Cultured Neurons. J Med Food 2017; 20:279-287. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lorenz K, Beck S, Keilani MM, Wasielica-Poslednik J, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Course of serum autoantibodies in patients after acute angle-closure glaucoma attack. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 45:280-287. [PMID: 27758063 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our investigation was to analyze the autoantibody -reactivities of patients after acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) by means of a protein microarray approach to identify intraocular pressure(IOP)-dependent antibodies. METHODS Collected sera from different study time points (AACG n = 6, 0, 2, 4 and 12 weeks) and control group (CTRL n = 11, 0 and 12 weeks) were analyzed. Protein-microarrays were incubated with sera, and occurring immunoreactivities were visualized with fluorescence labeled secondary antibodies. To detect changes, spot intensities were digitized and compared with statistical techniques. RESULTS Three autoantibodies with significant level-alteration in the time course of the survey could be identified. Immunoreactivities to heat shock 27-kDa protein (HSP27), tubulin-tyrosine ligase-like protein 12 (TTLL12), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) show an increasing linear trend from week 0 up to week 12 with a positive correlation coefficient (P ≤ 0.05, r ≥ 0.4). In the CTRL- group, no significant alterations could be detected in corresponding autoantibody-level. Analysis of variance revealed significant changes of antibody-level between certain time points (anti-HSP27 antibody [week 0 vs. 2], anti-TTLL12 antibody [week 0 vs. 12], and anti-NSE antibody [week 4 vs. 12] [P ≤ 0.05, respectively]) in AACG group. CONCLUSIONS With this autoantibodies profiling approach, we were able to detect autoimmune reactivities in sera of patients without former indication for glaucomatous damage after rise of IOP due to AACG attack. After further validation in subsequent studies, this autoantibodies could give further insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma and could possibly help to understand the effect of IOP on glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Lorenz
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Beck
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Munir M Keilani
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Vision 100 Die Augenärzte, Gemeinschaftspraxis Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Joanna Wasielica-Poslednik
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Pišlar A, Božić B, Zidar N, Kos J. Inhibition of cathepsin X reduces the strength of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation. Neuropharmacology 2016; 114:88-100. [PMID: 27889490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in the processes associated with neurodegeneration. The inflammatory response is mediated by activated microglia that release inflammatory mediators to the neuronal environment. Microglia-derived lysosomal cathepsins, including cathepsin X, are increasingly recognized as important mediators of the inflammation involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. The current study was undertaken to investigate the role of cathepsin X and its molecular target, γ-enolase, in neuroinflammation and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. We determined that the exposure of activated BV2 and EOC 13.31 cells to LPS led to increased levels of cathepsin X protein and activity in the culture supernatants in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In contrast, LPS stimulation of these two cells reduced the release of active γ-enolase in a manner regulated by the cathepsin X activity. Cathepsin X inhibitor AMS36 significantly reduced LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from BV2 cells. Inhibition of cathepsin X suppressed microglial activation through the reduced caspase-3 activity, together with diminished microglial cell death and apoptosis, and also through inhibition of the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinases. Further, SH-SY5Y treatment with culture supernatants of activated microglial cells showed that cathepsin X inhibition reduces microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. These results indicate that up-regulated expression and increased release and activity of microglial cathepsin X leads to microglia activation-mediated neurodegeneration. Cathepsin X inhibitor caused neuroprotection via its inhibition of the activation of microglia. Cathepsin X could thus be a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pišlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Biljana Božić
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nace Zidar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Kobeissy FH, Guingab-Cagmat JD, Zhang Z, Moghieb A, Glushakova OY, Mondello S, Boutté AM, Anagli J, Rubenstein R, Bahmad H, Wagner AK, Hayes RL, Wang KKW. Neuroproteomics and Systems Biology Approach to Identify Temporal Biomarker Changes Post Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Front Neurol 2016; 7:198. [PMID: 27920753 PMCID: PMC5118702 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a critical health problem of which diagnosis, management, and treatment remain challenging. TBI is a contributing factor in approximately one-third of all injury-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1.7 million people suffer a TBI in the United States annually. Efforts continue to focus on elucidating the complex molecular mechanisms underlying TBI pathophysiology and defining sensitive and specific biomarkers that can aid in improving patient management and care. Recently, the area of neuroproteomics–systems biology is proving to be a prominent tool in biomarker discovery for central nervous system injury and other neurological diseases. In this work, we employed the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of experimental TBI in rat model to assess the temporal–global proteome changes after acute (1 day) and for the first time, subacute (7 days), post-injury time frame using the established cation–anion exchange chromatography-1D SDS gel electrophoresis LC–MS/MS platform for protein separation combined with discrete systems biology analyses to identify temporal biomarker changes related to this rat TBI model. Rather than focusing on any one individual molecular entity, we used in silico systems biology approach to understand the global dynamics that govern proteins that are differentially altered post-injury. In addition, gene ontology analysis of the proteomic data was conducted in order to categorize the proteins by molecular function, biological process, and cellular localization. Results show alterations in several proteins related to inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in both acute (1 day) and subacute (7 days) periods post-TBI. Moreover, results suggest a differential upregulation of neuroprotective proteins at 7 days post-CCI involved in cellular functions such as neurite growth, regeneration, and axonal guidance. Our study is among the first to assess temporal neuroproteome changes in the CCI model. Data presented here unveil potential neural biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could be used for diagnosis, for treatment and, most importantly, for temporal prognostic assessment following brain injury. Of interest, this work relies on in silico bioinformatics approach to draw its conclusion; further work is conducted for functional studies to validate and confirm the omics data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas H Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zhiqun Zhang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Olena Y Glushakova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Angela M Boutté
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, MD , USA
| | - John Anagli
- NeuroTheranostics Inc., Detroit, MI, USA; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald L Hayes
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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Wiener CD, Molina ML, Passos M, Moreira FP, Bittencourt G, de Mattos Souza LD, da Silva RA, Jansen K, Oses JP. Neuron-specific enolase levels in drug-naïve young adults with major depressive disorder. Neurosci Lett 2016; 620:93-6. [PMID: 27026487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and clinical features in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). This is a cross-sectional study with drug-naïve young adults with MDD (aged 18-29 years). Serum levels of NSE were assessed using the electrochemiluminescence method. MDD diagnosis, suicidal ideation, and time of disease were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. No relationship was observed between NSE levels and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, time of disease, and suicidal ideation. These results suggest that NSE serum levels were not associated with clinical features of MDD among drug-naïve young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina David Wiener
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Hospital São Francisco de Paula, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Mariane Lopez Molina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Miguel Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pedrotti Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Karen Jansen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Hospital São Francisco de Paula, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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28
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Curcumin attenuates the middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced reduction in γ-enolase expression in an animal model. Lab Anim Res 2015; 31:198-203. [PMID: 26755923 PMCID: PMC4707148 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2015.31.4.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin exerts a protective effect in cerebral ischemia through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. γ-enolase is a glycolytic enzyme expressed in neurons that is known to exerts a neuroprotective effect. We investigated whether curcumin regulates γ-enolase expression in focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Adult male rats were injected intraperitoneally with either vehicle or curcumin (50 mg/kg) 1 h after MCAO and cerebral cortex tissues were isolated 24 h after MCAO. We found that MCAO-induced injury resulted in a reduction in γ-enolase expression in vehicle-treated animals using a proteomics approach. However, this reduction was attenuated in animals with MCAO treated with curcumin. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses also showed that curcumin treatment prevented the MCAO injury-induced reduction in γ-enolase expression. The results of this study suggest that curcumin exerts its neuroprotective function in focal cerebral ischemia by regulating the expression of γ-enolase.
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29
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Takahashi H, Suzuki Y, Nishimura J, Haraguchi N, Ohtsuka M, Miyazaki S, Uemura M, Hata T, Takemasa I, Mizushima T, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Mori M. Characteristics of carbonic anhydrase 9 expressing cells in human intestinal crypt base. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:115-22. [PMID: 26648507 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Though recent studies have revealed that stem cells of many tissues are harbored in hypoxic microenvironment, little is known about the relationship between hypoxia and intestinal crypt base, where intestinal stem cells are supposed to exist. In this study, we focused on carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a hypoxia-inducible membrane-tethered protein, in normal intestinal crypt base, adenoma and early colorectal cancer. Using surgically resected human colorectal cancer specimen, we searched for the expression pattern and functional association of CA9 in human adult normal intestinal epithelia, adenoma and early colorectal cancer by immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction. We demonstrated that almost all crypt base slender cells in ileum and crypt base cells with eosinophilic structure in their basal cytoplasm in right and left colon were CA9+ with the ratio of 25 to 40%, and that adenoma and T1 colorectal cancer showed broad expression of CA9. Flow cytometrically sorted CA9+ population showed increased mRNA level of a Wnt signaling factor AXIN2. In conclusion, these observations indicate that CA9 expression in normal crypt base cells has association with intestinal epithelial stemness and CA9 may be involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yozo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Higashi Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka 558-0056, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Suhara Y, Hirota Y, Hanada N, Nishina S, Eguchi S, Sakane R, Nakagawa K, Wada A, Takahashi K, Tokiwa H, Okano T. Synthetic Small Molecules Derived from Natural Vitamin K Homologues that Induce Selective Neuronal Differentiation of Neuronal Progenitor Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7088-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Suhara
- Department
of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and
Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Department
of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Norika Hanada
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Shun Nishina
- Laboratory
of Environmental Sciences, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Sachiko Eguchi
- Laboratory
of Environmental Sciences, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Rie Sakane
- Department
of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and
Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Department
of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Department
of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku,
Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takahashi
- Laboratory
of Environmental Sciences, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 245-0066, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tokiwa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Okano
- Department
of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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31
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Vizin T, Kos J. Gamma-enolase: a well-known tumour marker, with a less-known role in cancer. Radiol Oncol 2015; 49:217-26. [PMID: 26401126 PMCID: PMC4577217 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2015-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-enolase, known also as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, which is expressed predominantly in neurons and cells of the neuroendocrine system. As a tumour marker it is used in diagnosis and prognosis of cancer; however, the mechanisms enrolling it in malignant progression remain elusive. As a cytoplasmic enzyme gamma-enolase is involved in increased aerobic glycolysis, the main source of energy in cancer cells, supporting cell proliferation. However, different cellular localisation at pathophysiological conditions, proposes other cellular engagements. Conclusions The C-terminal part of the molecule, which is not related to glycolytic pathway, was shown to promote survival of neuronal cells by regulating neuronal growth factor receptor dependent signalling pathways, resulting also in extensive actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This additional function could be important also in cancer cells either to protect cells from stressful conditions and therapeutic agents or to promote tumour cell migration and invasion. Gamma-enolase might therefore have a multifunctional role in cancer progression: it supports increased tumour cell metabolic demands, protects tumour cells from stressful conditions and promotes their invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjasa Vizin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yamamoto Y, Koma H, Yagami T. Hydrogen peroxide mediated the neurotoxicity of an antibody against plasmalemmal neuronspecific enolase in primary cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Intracellular signaling by cathepsin X: Molecular mechanisms and diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 31:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Schmidt FM, Mergl R, Stach B, Jahn I, Schönknecht P. Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but not S100B in major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:106-13. [PMID: 25264292 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.952776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in neuronal and glial integrity are considered to be of pathogenic impact on major depressive disorder (MDD). For MDD, data on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are lacking and scarce for glial protein S100B. METHODS We measured CSF levels of NSE and S100B in 31 patients with MDD and 32 mentally healthy controls using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (ECLIA). RESULTS Adjusted means of NSE were significantly elevated in the MDD patients (11.73 ng/ml (9.95-13.52 95% CI) compared to the controls (6.17 ng/ml (4.55-7.78), F = 9.037, P = 0.004. Effect size for adjusted mean group difference of 5.57 ng/ml was found invariably high (Cohen's d = 1.23). Differentiating MDD from controls, a NSE cut-off of 7.94 ng/ml showed sensitivity of 81% (95% CI 63.7-90.8) and specificity of 75% (95% CI 57.9-86.7). Adjusted levels of S100B did not differ significantly between the two groups (1.12 ng/ml (0.77-1.48) in MDD, 0.97 ng/ml (0.64-1.30) in controls). CONCLUSIONS Our results of elevated CSF-NSE levels support neuronal pathology in MDD and the potential use of CSF-NSE as marker in clinical diagnostics. Missing group differences in S100B do not promote a specific glial pathology in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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35
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Grehl S, Viola HM, Fuller-Carter PI, Carter KW, Dunlop SA, Hool LC, Sherrard RM, Rodger J. Cellular and Molecular Changes to Cortical Neurons Following Low Intensity Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation at Different Frequencies. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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36
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Végh MJ, Rausell A, Loos M, Heldring CM, Jurkowski W, van Nierop P, Paliukhovich I, Li KW, del Sol A, Smit AB, Spijker S, van Kesteren RE. Hippocampal extracellular matrix levels and stochasticity in synaptic protein expression increase with age and are associated with age-dependent cognitive decline. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:2975-85. [PMID: 25044018 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.032086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is a serious health concern in our aging society. Decreased cognitive function observed during healthy brain aging is most likely caused by changes in brain connectivity and synaptic dysfunction in particular brain regions. Here we show that aged C57BL/6J wild-type mice have hippocampus-dependent spatial memory impairments. To identify the molecular mechanisms that are relevant to these memory deficits, we investigated the temporal profile of mouse hippocampal synaptic proteome changes at 20, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 weeks of age. Extracellular matrix proteins were the only group of proteins that showed robust and progressive up-regulation over time. This was confirmed by immunoblotting and histochemical analysis, which indicated that the increased levels of hippocampal extracellular matrix might limit synaptic plasticity as a potential cause of age-related cognitive decline. In addition, we observed that stochasticity in synaptic protein expression increased with age, in particular for proteins that were previously linked with various neurodegenerative diseases, whereas low variance in expression was observed for proteins that play a basal role in neuronal function and synaptic neurotransmission. Together, our findings show that both specific changes and increased variance in synaptic protein expression are associated with aging and may underlie reduced synaptic plasticity and impaired cognitive performance in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene J Végh
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Rausell
- §Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Maarten Loos
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ¶Sylics (Synaptologics BV), PO Box 71033, 1008BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Céline M Heldring
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Jurkowski
- §Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pim van Nierop
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Paliukhovich
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Wan Li
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio del Sol
- §Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - August B Smit
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E van Kesteren
- From the ‡Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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37
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Iqbal J, Li W, Hasan M, Liu K, Awan U, Saeed Y, Zhang Y, Muhammad Khan A, Shah A, Qing H, Deng Y. Differential expression of specific cellular defense proteins in rat hypothalamus under simulated microgravity induced conditions: comparative proteomics. Proteomics 2014; 14:1424-33. [PMID: 24648329 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity severely halts the structural and functional cerebral capacity of astronauts especially affecting their brains due to the stress produced by cephalic fluid shift. We employed a rat tail suspension model to substantiate simulated microgravity (SM) in brain. In this study, comparative mass spectrometry was applied in order to demonstrate the differential expression of 17 specific cellular defense proteins. Gamma-enolase, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, glial fibrillary acidic protein, heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, 10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, superoxide dismutase 1 and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 were found to be upregulated by HPLC/ESI-TOF. Furthermore, five differentially expressed proteins including 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial, heat shock protein HSP 90-beta, peroxiredoxin-2, stress-induced-phosphoprotein, and UCHL-1 were found to be upregulated by HPLC/ESI-Q-TOF MS. In addition, downregulated proteins include cytochrome C, superoxide dismutase 2, somatic, and excitatory amino acid transporter 1 and protein DJ-1. Validity of MS results was successfully performed by Western blot analysis of DJ-1 protein. This study will not only help to understand the neurochemical responses produced under microgravity but also will give future direction to cure the proteomic losses and their after effects in astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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38
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Ferulic acid prevents the injury-induced decrease of γ-enolase expression in brain tissue and HT22 cells. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:8-13. [PMID: 24707299 PMCID: PMC3973811 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid is known to act as a protective agent in cerebral ischemia through its anti-oxidant activity. γ-Enolase is a neuron-specific enolase that also exerts a neuroprotective effect. Here, we investigated whether ferulic acid regulates the expression level of γ-enolase in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced brain injury and glutamate exposure-induced neuronal cell death. Adult male rats were treated with either vehicle or ferulic acid (100 mg/kg, i.v.) after MCAO and cerebral cortex tissues were collected 24 h after MCAO. Using a proteomics approach, we found that γ-enolase expression was decreased in MCAO-injured animals treated with vehicle alone, whereas ferulic acid treatment attenuated this decrease. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that ferulic acid treatment prevented MCAO injury-induced decrease in γ-enolase. Furthermore, in hippocampal-derived cell lines, glutamate exposure also decreased γ-enolase expression and ferulic acid treatment attenuated this glutamate-induced decrease in γ-enolase. These findings suggest that ferulic acid mediates a neuroprotective effect by attenuating injury-induced decreases of γ-enolase expression in neuronal cells.
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39
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Proteomic Changes in Female Rat Hippocampus Following Exposure to a Terrified Sound Stress. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 53:158-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Temporal–spatial expression of ENOLASE after acute spinal cord injury in adult rats. Neurosci Res 2014; 79:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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41
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Butterfield DA, Swomley AM, Sultana R. Amyloid β-peptide (1-42)-induced oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease: importance in disease pathogenesis and progression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:823-35. [PMID: 23249141 PMCID: PMC3749710 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease. AD is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of AD brain is the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and another is elevated oxidative stress. The main component of SPs is amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) that is derived from the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies are consistent with the notion that methionine present at 35 position of Aβ is critical to Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Further, we also discuss the signatures of oxidatively modified brain proteins, identified using redox proteomics approaches, during the progression of AD. CRITICAL ISSUES The exact relationships of the specifically oxidatively modified proteins in AD pathogenesis require additional investigation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are needed to address whether the therapies directed toward brain oxidative stress and oxidatively modified key brain proteins might help delay or prevent the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA.
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42
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Alterations in energy metabolism, neuroprotection and visual signal transduction in the retina of Parkinsonian, MPTP-treated monkeys. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74439. [PMID: 24040246 PMCID: PMC3764107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease is mainly characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system, including the retina. Different interrelated molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson disease-associated neuronal death have been put forward in the brain, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Systemic injection of the proneurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to monkeys elicits the appearance of a parkinsonian syndrome, including morphological and functional impairments in the retina. However, the intracellular events leading to derangement of dopaminergic and other retinal neurons in MPTP-treated animal models have not been so far investigated. Here we have used a comparative proteomics approach to identify proteins differentially expressed in the retina of MPTP-treated monkeys. Proteins were solubilized from the neural retinas of control and MPTP-treated animals, labelled separately with two different cyanine fluorophores and run pairwise on 2D DIGE gels. Out of >700 protein spots resolved and quantified, 36 were found to exhibit statistically significant differences in their expression levels, of at least ±1.4-fold, in the parkinsonian monkey retina compared with controls. Most of these spots were excised from preparative 2D gels, trypsinized and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS and LC-MS/MS analyses. Data obtained were used for protein sequence database interrogation, and 15 different proteins were successfully identified, of which 13 were underexpressed and 2 overexpressed. These proteins were involved in key cellular functional pathways such as glycolysis and mitochondrial electron transport, neuronal protection against stress and survival, and phototransduction processes. These functional categories underscore that alterations in energy metabolism, neuroprotective mechanisms and signal transduction are involved in MPTP-induced neuronal degeneration in the retina, in similarity to mechanisms thought to underlie neuronal death in the Parkinson’s diseased brain and neurodegenerative diseases of the retina proper.
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43
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Sultana R, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. Lipid peroxidation triggers neurodegeneration: a redox proteomics view into the Alzheimer disease brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:157-169. [PMID: 23044265 PMCID: PMC3573239 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation involves a cascade of reactions in which production of free radicals occurs selectively in the lipid components of cellular membranes. Polyunsaturated fatty acids easily undergo lipid peroxidation chain reactions, which, in turn, lead to the formation of highly reactive electrophilic aldehydes. Among these, the most abundant aldehydes are 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde, while acrolein is the most reactive. Proteins are susceptible to posttranslational modifications caused by aldehydes binding covalently to specific amino acid residues, in a process called Michael adduction, and these types of protein adducts, if not efficiently removed, may be, and generally are, dangerous for cellular homeostasis. In the present review, we focused the discussion on the selective proteins that are identified, by redox proteomics, as selective targets of HNE modification during the progression and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). By comparing results obtained at different stages of the AD, it may be possible to identify key biochemical pathways involved and ideally identify therapeutic targets to prevent, delay, or treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukhsana Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Membrane Sciences, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Hafner A, Glavan G, Obermajer N, Živin M, Schliebs R, Kos J. Neuroprotective role of γ-enolase in microglia in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is regulated by cathepsin X. Aging Cell 2013; 12:604-14. [PMID: 23621429 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Enolase is a neurotrophic-like factor promoting growth, differentiation, survival and regeneration of neurons. Its neurotrophic activity is regulated by cysteine protease cathepsin X which cleaves the C-terminal end of the molecule. We have investigated the expression and colocalization of γ-enolase and cathepsin X in brains of Tg2576 mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. In situ hybridization of γ-enolase and cathepsin X revealed that mRNAs for both enzymes were expressed abundantly around amyloid plaques. Immunostaining demonstrated that the C-terminally cleaved form of γ-enolase was present in the immediate plaque vicinity, whereas the intact form, exhibiting neurotrophic activity, was observed in microglia cells in close proximity to senile plaque. The upregulation of γ-enolase in microglial cells in response to amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) was confirmed in mouse microglial cell line EOC 13.31 and primary microglia and medium enriched with γ-enolase proved to be neuroprotective against Aβ toxicity; however, the effect was reversed by cathepsin X proteolytic activity. These results demonstrate an upregulation of γ-enolase in microglia cells surrounding amyloid plaques in Tg2576 transgenic mice and demonstrate its neuroprotective role in amyloid-β-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hafner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Askerceva 7Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
| | - Gordana Glavan
- Institute of Pathophysiology Medical faculty University of Ljubljana Zaloska 4Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
- Department of Biology Biotechnical faculty University of Ljubljana Vecna pot 11Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
| | - Nataša Obermajer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Askerceva 7Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
| | - Marko Živin
- Institute of Pathophysiology Medical faculty University of Ljubljana Zaloska 4Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
| | - Reinhard Schliebs
- Department of Neurochemistry Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research University of Leipzig Jahnallee 59Leipzig 04109Germany
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Ljubljana Askerceva 7Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
- Department of Biotechnology Jožef Stefan Institute Jamova 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia
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Démurger F, Pasquier L, Dubourg C, Dupé V, Gicquel I, Evain C, Ratié L, Jaillard S, Beri M, Leheup B, Lespinasse J, Martin-Coignard D, Mercier S, Quelin C, Loget P, Marcorelles P, Laquerrière A, Bendavid C, Odent S, David V. Array-CGH Analysis Suggests Genetic Heterogeneity in Rhombencephalosynapsis. Mol Syndromol 2013; 4:267-72. [PMID: 24167461 DOI: 10.1159/000353878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhombencephalosynapsis is an uncommon, but increasingly recognized, cerebellar malformation defined as vermian agenesis with fusion of the hemispheres. The embryologic and genetic mechanisms involved are still unknown, and to date, no animal models are available. In the present study, we used Agilent oligonucleotide arrays in a large series of 57 affected patients to detect candidate genes. Four different unbalanced rearrangements were detected: a 16p11.2 deletion, a 14q12q21.2 deletion, an unbalanced translocation t(2p;10q), and a 16p13.11 microdeletion containing 2 candidate genes. These genes were further investigated by sequencing and in situ hybridization. This first microarray screening of a rhombencephalosynapsis series suggests that there may be heterogeneous genetic causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Démurger
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU Hôpital Sud, Rouen, France ; Equipe Génétique des Pathologies Liées au Développement, UMR 6290 CNRS, IFR 140 GFAS, Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de Médecine, and Laboratoires de, Rouen, France
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46
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Pišlar AH, Kos J. C-terminal peptide of γ-enolase impairs amyloid-β-induced apoptosis through p75(NTR) signaling. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:623-35. [PMID: 23842744 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
γ-Enolase acts as a neurotrophic-like factor promoting growth, differentiation, survival and regeneration of neurons. It is shown in this study to exert a protective effect against amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Aβ-induced toxicity was abolished in the presence of the active C-terminal peptide of γ-enolase (γ-Eno) as measured by cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, sub-G1 cell population, intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial functions and apoptotic morphology. γ-Eno caused downregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, as well as reduced caspase-3 activation. Exposure to Aβ increased surface expression of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)), and the increase was abolished in the presence of γ-Eno peptide. Further, pretreatment with γ-Eno suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and Jun-N-terminal kinase, which are p75(NTR) downstream effectors in apoptotic signaling. Moreover, Aβ triggered γ-enolase co-immunoprecipitation with p75(NTR) as well as their strong association in the perimembrane region as shown by confocal microscopy, which further supports the interaction between these two proteins in cells insulted by Aβ peptide. Our results indicate the possible use of γ-enolase C-terminal peptide for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hafner Pišlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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47
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The genetics of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 136:375-400. [PMID: 22944042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs in psychiatry. Based on the fact that SSRIs increase extracellular monoamine levels in the brain, the monoamine hypothesis of depression was introduced, postulating that depression is associated with too low serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline levels. However, several lines of evidence indicate that this hypothesis is too simplistic and that depression and the efficacy of SSRIs are dependent on neuroplastic changes mediated by changes in gene expression. Because a coherent view on global gene expression is lacking, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of SSRI treatment on the final targets of 5-HT receptor signal transduction pathways, namely the transcriptional regulation of genes. We address gene polymorphisms in humans that affect SSRI efficacy, as well as in vitro studies employing human-derived cells. We also discuss the molecular targets affected by SSRIs in animal models, both in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that serotonin transporter gene variation in humans affects the efficacy and side-effects of SSRIs, whereas SSRIs generally do not affect serotonin transporter gene expression in animals. Instead, SSRIs alter mRNA levels of genes encoding serotonin receptors, components of non-serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, neurotrophic factors, hypothalamic hormones and inflammatory factors. So far little is known about the epigenetic and age-dependent molecular effects of SSRIs, which might give more insights in the working mechanism(s) of SSRIs.
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48
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Gerecke KM, Jiao Y, Pagala V, Smeyne RJ. Exercise does not protect against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in BDNF haploinsufficient mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43250. [PMID: 22912838 PMCID: PMC3422268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been demonstrated to potently protect substantia nigra pars compacta (SN) dopaminergic neurons from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. One mechanism proposed to account for this neuroprotection is the upregulation of neurotrophic factors. Several neurotrophic factors, including Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), have been shown to upregulate in response to exercise. In order to determine if exercise-induced neuroprotection is dependent upon BDNF, we compared the neuroprotective effects of voluntary exercise in mice heterozygous for the BDNF gene (BDNF+/-) with strain-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Stereological estimates of SNpc DA neurons from WT mice allowed 90 days exercise via unrestricted running demonstrated complete protection against the MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. However, BDNF+/- mice allowed 90 days of unrestricted exercise were not protected from MPTP-induced SNpc DA neuron loss. Proteomic analysis comparing SN and striatum from 90 day exercised WT and BDNF+/- mice showed differential expression of proteins related to energy regulation, intracellular signaling and trafficking. These results suggest that a full genetic complement of BDNF is critical for the exercise-induced neuroprotection of SNpc DA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Gerecke
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
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49
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Peptidylarginine deiminase modulates the physiological roles of enolase via citrullination: links between altered multifunction of enolase and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem J 2012; 445:183-92. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The citrullination of enolase by PAD (peptidylarginine deiminase) has emerged as an important post-translational modification in human disorders; however, the physiological function of citrullination remains unknown. In the present study, we report that citrullination diversely regulates the biological functions of ENO1 (α-enolase) and NSE (neuron-specific enolase). We developed three mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies with specificity to the following: (i) citrullination of Arg9 of ENO1 [ENO1Cit9; anti-CE1 (citrullinated enolase 1) antibody]; (ii) citrullination of Arg9 in ENO1 and NSE (ENO1Cit9/NSECit9; anti-CE1/2 antibody); and (iii) citrullination of Arg429 of NSE (NSECit429; anti-CE2 antibody). Regardless of the total protein expression level, the levels of ENO1Cit9 and NSECit429 were elevated, and their immunoreactivities were also increased in cortical neuronal cells or around blood vessels in the frontal cortex of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. In a time- and dose-dependent manner, PAD negatively regulated enolase activity via citrullination, and enolase in diseased patients was more inactive than in controls. Interestingly, the citrullination of enolase effectively promoted its proteolytic degradation by Ca2+-dependent calpain-1, and leupeptin (calpain inhibitor I) abrogated this degradation. Surprisingly, using an affinity assay, the citrullination of enolase enhanced its plasminogen-binding affinity, which was blocked by the lysine analogue ϵ-aminocaproic acid. These findings suggest that PAD-mediated citrullination regulates the diverse physiological activities of enolase and that CE may be a candidate diagnostic/prognostic factor for degenerative diseases.
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50
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γ-Enolase C-terminal peptide promotes cell survival and neurite outgrowth by activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways. Biochem J 2012; 443:439-50. [PMID: 22257123 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
γ-Enolase, a glycolytic enzyme, is expressed specifically in neurons. It exerts neurotrophic activity and has been suggested to regulate growth, differentiation, survival and regeneration of neurons. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of γ-enolase in PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) signalling, the two pathways triggered predominantly by neurotrophic factors. Whereas the PI3K/Akt pathway, rather than the MAPK/ERK pathway, is involved in γ-enolase-enhanced cell survival, γ-enolase-stimulated neurite outgrowth requires both pathways, i.e. the activation of both PI3K and ERK1/2, leading to subsequent expression of the growth-cone-specific protein GAP-43 (growth-associated protein of 43 kDa). MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) and PI3K inhibition blocked or attenuated the neurite outgrowth associated with dynamic remodelling of the actin-based cytoskeleton. We show that γ-enolase-mediated PI3K activation regulates RhoA kinase, a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton organization. Moreover, the inhibition of RhoA downstream effector ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) results in enhanced γ-enolase-induced neurite outgrowth, accompanied by actin polymerization and its redistribution to growth cones. Our results show that γ-enolase controls neuronal survival, differentiation and neurite regeneration by activating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways, resulting in downstream regulation of the molecular and cellular processes of cytoskeleton reorganization and cell remodelling, activation of transcriptional factors and regulation of the cell cycle.
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