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Fabres RB, Cardoso DS, Aragón BA, Arruda BP, Martins PP, Ikebara JM, Drobyshevsky A, Kihara AH, de Fraga LS, Netto CA, Takada SH. Consequences of oxygen deprivation on myelination and sex-dependent alterations. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103864. [PMID: 37268283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, occurring with a higher prevalence in preterm infants, reaching 20 % to 50 % mortality in newborns in the perinatal period. When they survive, 25 % exhibit neuropsychological pathologies, such as learning difficulties, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. White matter injury is one of the main features found in oxygen deprivation injury, which can lead to long-term functional impairments, including cognitive delay and motor deficits. The myelin sheath accounts for much of the white matter in the brain by surrounding axons and enabling the efficient conduction of action potentials. Mature oligodendrocytes, which synthesize and maintain myelination, also comprise a significant proportion of the brain's white matter. In recent years, oligodendrocytes and the myelination process have become potential therapeutic targets to minimize the effects of oxygen deprivation on the central nervous system. Moreover, evidence indicate that neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways activated during oxygen deprivation may be influenced by sexual dimorphism. To summarize the most recent research about the impact of sexual dimorphism on the neuroinflammatory state and white matter injury after oxygen deprivation, this review presents an overview of the oligodendrocyte lineage development and myelination, the impact of oxygen deprivation and neuroinflammation on oligodendrocytes in neurodevelopmental disorders, and recent reports about sexual dimorphism regarding the neuroinflammation and white matter injury after neonatal oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Débora Sterzeck Cardoso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Petrucelli Arruda
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Pamela Pinheiro Martins
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil.
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Salyha N, Oliynyk I. Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13238. [PMID: 36718422 PMCID: PMC9877323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number of diseases, including the most recent one facing the world, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypoxia is divided into short-term, long-term, and periodic, it can be the result of diseases, climate change, or living and traveling in the high mountain regions of the world. Since each type of hypoxia can be a cause and a consequence of various physiological changes, the methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There are many techniques for modeling hypoxia under experimental conditions. The most common animal for modeling hypoxia is a rat. Hypoxia models (hypoxia simulations) in rats are a tool to study the effect of various conditions on the oxygen supply of the body. These models can provide a necessary information to understand hypoxia and also provide effective treatment, highlighting the importance of various reactions of the body to hypoxia. The main parameters when choosing a model should be reproducibility and the goal that the scientist wants to achieve. Hypoxia in rats can be reproduced both ways exogenously and endogenously. The reason for writing this review was the aim to systematize the models of rats available in the literature in order to facilitate their selection by scientists. The relative strengths and limitations of each model need to be identified and understood in order to evaluate the information obtained from these models and extrapolate these results to humans to develop the necessary generalizations. Despite these problems, animal models have been and remain vital to understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of hypoxia. The eligibility criteria for the selected studies was a comprehensive review of the methods and results obtained from the studies. This made it possible to make generalizations and give recommendations on the application of these methods. The review will assist scientists in choosing an appropriate hypoxia simulation method, as well as assist in interpreting the results obtained with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Salyha
- Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine,Corresponding author
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Carneiro IBC, Toscano AE, da Cunha MDSB, Lacerda DC, Pontes PB, de Castro RM, de Jesus Deiró TCB, Medeiros JMB. Serotonergic mechanisms associated with experimental models of hypoxia: A systematic review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:668-680. [PMID: 35996828 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to explore and discuss the literature concerning the effects of hypoxia or anoxia during the perinatal period on the serotoninergic network in rodents, through mechanisms that lead to changes in serotonergic neurons, levels, segments of central nervous system affected, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT receptor. METHODS Literature searches were performed in Embase, Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, and SCOPUS, from April to July 2021, with a total of 1045 published studies found. Using a predefined protocol, as registered on the CAMARADES website, 10 articles were included in this review. The PRISMA statement was used for reporting this systematic review. The internal validity was assessed using the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. RESULTS Our main findings show that hypoxia in the first days of postnatal life led to a disturbance in the serotonergic system with reduced in 5-HT fibers, reduced brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA, reduced SERT protein expression, and reduced receptor 5-HT7 . Putative mechanisms involving damage in the serotoninergic system include retrograde cell death resulting from primary damage mainly in forebrain areas, which impairs remote areas including serotonergic raphe nuclei. Other probable mechanisms associated with the serotoninergic network damage may be triggered by excitotoxic lesion and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION Hypoxia at the beginning of an animal's life leads to modification of the serotonergic components associated with putative mechanisms that include cell damage and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Nursing Unit, Vitória Academic Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Sá Barreto da Cunha
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia. Estrada da Prainha s/n, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Paula Brielle Pontes
- Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Li G, Guan Y, Gu Y, Guo M, Ma W, Shao Q, Liu J, Ji X. Intermittent hypoxic conditioning restores neurological dysfunction of mice induced by long-term hypoxia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:202-215. [PMID: 36401601 PMCID: PMC9804074 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system diseases are associated with hypoxia, which usually cause irreversible nerve damage, but the underlying mechanism is unclear and effective intervention strategies are lacking. This study was designed to explore the mechanism and treatment strategy of hypoxia-induced nerve injury. METHODS In this study, 13% O2 was used to treat mice for 0, 1, 3 7, and 14 days, Morris water maze and other animal behavior experiments were used to evaluate the neurological function of mice. TUNEL, BrdU, PCNA, DCX, and SOX2 staining were used to observe the apoptosis and proliferation of mouse neurons. RT-PCR and Iba1 staining were used to evaluate the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the activation of microglia. RESULTS Short-term hypoxia promotes neurogenesis, while long-term hypoxia inhibits neurogenesis. The changes in hypoxia-induced neurogenesis were positively correlated with neurological functions, but negatively correlated with apoptosis. Moreover, intermittent hypoxic conditioning restored long-term hypoxia-induced neurological dysfunction by promoting neural stem cell generation and inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and the activation of microglia. CONCLUSION Hypoxia promoted neurogenesis in a time-dependent manner, and intermittent hypoxic conditioning exerted a neuroprotective effect through promoting neural stem cell generation and suppressing inflammation induced by long-term hypoxia stress, which provided a novel concept to develop a treatment for hypoxia-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifen Li
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuying Guan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yakun Gu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Ma
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qianqian Shao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Shcherbitskaia AD, Kovalenko AA, Milyutina YP, Vasilev DS. Thyroid Hormone Production and Transplacental Transfer in the “Mother–Fetus” System during Gestational Hyperhomocysteinemia. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ren W, Zhao F, Han Y, Liu Z, Zhai J, Jia K. Muscone improves hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced neuronal injury by blocking HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway via modulating microRNA-142. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13523. [PMID: 35860039 PMCID: PMC9290999 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have indicated that natural muscone has neuroprotective effects against cerebral hypoxia injury; however, little is known in regards to its pharmacological mechanism. In this study, we tried to evaluate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of muscone against cerebral hypoxia injury using an in vitro model. The cerebral hypoxia injury cell model was produced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the cell counting Kit-8 and the Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection kit, respectively. To screen microRNAs regulated by muscone, we analyzed the gene expression datasets of GSE84216 retrieved from gene expression omnibus (GEO). Here, it was demonstrated that muscone treatment significantly alleviated the cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in H/R-exposed neurons. Subsequently, through analyzing GSE84216 from the GEO database, miR-142-5p was markedly upregulated by treatment of muscone in this cell model of cerebral hypoxia injury. Further experiments revealed that downregulation of miR-142-5p eliminated the neuroprotective effects of muscone against H/R induced neuronal injury. Additionally, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an important inflammatory factor, was identified as a direct target of miR-142-5p in neurons. Meanwhile, we further demonstrated that muscone could reduce the expression of HMGB1 by upregulating miR-142-5p expression, which subsequently resulted in the inactivation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, finally leading to the improvement of cell injury in H/R-exposed neurons. Overall, we demonstrate for the first time that muscone treatment alleviates cerebral hypoxia injury in in vitro experiments through blocking activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting HMGB1, suggesting that muscone may serve as a potential therapeutic drug for treating cerebral hypoxia injury.
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Amakhin DV, Soboleva EB, Postnikova TY, Tumanova NL, Dubrovskaya NM, Kalinina DS, Vasilev DS, Zaitsev AV. Maternal Hypoxia Increases the Excitability of Neurons in the Entorhinal Cortex and Dorsal Hippocampus of Rat Offspring. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:867120. [PMID: 35495064 PMCID: PMC9042652 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.867120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia is a widespread condition that causes various disturbances in later life, including aberrant central nervous system development, abnormalities in EEG rhythms, and susceptibility to seizures. Hypoxia in rats on the 14th day of embryogenesis (E14) disrupts cortical neuroblast radial migration, mainly affecting the progenitors of cortical glutamatergic neurons but not GABAergic interneurons or hippocampal neurons. Thus, hypoxia at this time point might affect the development of the neocortex to a greater extent than the hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated the long-term effects of hypoxia on the properties of the pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) in 3-week-old rats subjected to hypoxia on E14. We observed a reduction in the total number of NeuN-positive neurons in EC but not in the CA1 field of the hippocampus, indicating an increased cell loss in EC. However, the principal neuron electrophysiological characteristics were altered in the EC and hippocampus of animals exposed to hypoxia. The whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed a similar increase in input resistance in neurons from the hippocampus and EC. However, the resting membrane potential was increased in the EC neurons only. The recordings of field postsynaptic potentials (fPSPs) in the CA1 hippocampal area showed that both the threshold currents inducing fPSPs and population spikes were lower in hypoxic animals compared to age-matched controls. Using the dosed electroshock paradigm, we found that seizure thresholds were lower in the hypoxic group. Thus, the obtained results suggest that maternal hypoxia during the generation of the pyramidal cortical neurons leads to the increased excitability of neuronal circuitries in the brain of young rats. The increased excitability can be attributed to the changes in intrinsic neuronal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Amakhin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena B. Soboleva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu. Postnikova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia L. Tumanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M. Dubrovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria S. Kalinina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Daria S. Kalinina,
| | - Dmitrii S. Vasilev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- *Correspondence: Dmitrii S. Vasilev,
| | - Aleksey V. Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Graf AV, Maslova MV, Artiukhov AV, Ksenofontov AL, Aleshin VA, Bunik VI. Acute Prenatal Hypoxia in Rats Affects Physiology and Brain Metabolism in the Offspring, Dependent on Sex and Gestational Age. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052579. [PMID: 35269722 PMCID: PMC8910449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is damaging to the fetus, but the developmental impact may vary, with underlying molecular mechanisms unclear. We demonstrate the dependence of physiological and biochemical effects of acute prenatal hypoxia (APH) on sex and gestational age. Compared to control rats, APH on the 10th day of pregnancy (APH-10) increases locomotion in both the male and female offspring, additionally increasing exploratory activity and decreasing anxiety in the males. Compared to APH-10, APH on the 20th day of pregnancy (APH-20) induces less behavioral perturbations. ECG is changed similarly in all offspring only by APH-10. Sexual dimorphism in the APH outcome on behavior is also observed in the brain acetylation system and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase reaction, essential for neurotransmitter metabolism. In view of the perturbed behavior, more biochemical parameters in the brains are assessed after APH-20. Of the six enzymes, APH-20 significantly decreases the malic enzyme activity in both sexes. Among 24 amino acids and dipeptides, APH-20 increases the levels of only three amino acids (Phe, Thr, and Trp) in male offspring, and of seven amino acids (Glu, Gly, Phe, Trp, Ser, Thr, Asn) and carnosine in the female offspring. Thus, a higher reactivity of the brain metabolism to APH stabilizes the behavior. The behavior and brain biochemistry demonstrate sexually dimorphic responses to APH at both gestational stages, whereas the APH effects on ECG depend on gestational age rather than sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.V.M.)
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.L.K.); (V.A.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-4484 or +7-495-939-3181
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Mikloska KV, Zrini ZA, Bernier NJ. Severe hypoxia exposure inhibits larval brain development but does not affect the capacity to mount a cortisol stress response in zebrafish. J Exp Biol 2021; 225:274120. [PMID: 34931659 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish nursery habitats are increasingly hypoxic and the brain is recognized as highly hypoxia-sensitive, yet there is a lack of information on the effects of hypoxia on the development and function of the larval fish brain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that by inhibiting brain development, larval exposure to severe hypoxia has persistent functional effects on the cortisol stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exposing 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) larvae to 10% dissolved O2 (DO) for 16 h only marginally reduced survival, but it decreased forebrain neural proliferation by 55%, and reduced the expression of neurod1, gfap, and mbpa, markers of determined neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes, respectively. The 5 dpf hypoxic exposure also elicited transient increases in whole body cortisol and in crf, uts1, and hsd20b2 expression, key regulators of the endocrine stress response. Hypoxia exposure at 5 dpf also inhibited the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in 10 dpf larvae and increased hypoxia tolerance. However, 10% DO exposure at 5 dpf for 16h did not affect the cortisol stress response to a novel stressor in 10 dpf larvae or the cortisol stress response to hypoxia in adult fish. Therefore, while larval exposure to severe hypoxia can inhibit brain development, it also increases hypoxia tolerance. These effects may transiently reduce the impact of hypoxia on the cortisol stress response but not its functional capacity to respond to novel stressors. We conclude that the larval cortisol stress response in zebrafish has a high capacity to cope with severe hypoxia-induced neurogenic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Mikloska
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Zoe A Zrini
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Evidence That Methylphenidate Treatment Evokes Anxiety-Like Behavior Through Glucose Hypometabolism and Disruption of the Orbitofrontal Cortex Metabolic Networks. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1830-1845. [PMID: 34797528 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) has been widely misused by children and adolescents who do not meet all diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without a consensus about the consequences. Here, we evaluate the effect of MPH treatment on glucose metabolism and metabolic network in the rat brain, as well as on performance in behavioral tests. Wistar male rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th postnatal day. Fluorodeoxyglucose-18 was used to investigate cerebral metabolism, and a cross-correlation matrix was used to examine the brain metabolic network in MPH-treated rats using micro-positron emission tomography imaging. Performance in the light-dark transition box, eating-related depression, and sucrose preference tests was also evaluated. While MPH provoked glucose hypermetabolism in the auditory, parietal, retrosplenial, somatosensory, and visual cortices, hypometabolism was identified in the left orbitofrontal cortex. MPH-treated rats show a brain metabolic network more efficient and connected, but careful analyses reveal that the MPH interrupts the communication of the orbitofrontal cortex with other brain areas. Anxiety-like behavior was also observed in MPH-treated rats. This study shows that glucose metabolism evaluated by micro-positron emission tomography in the brain can be affected by MPH in different ways according to the region of the brain studied. It may be related, at least in part, to a rewiring in the brain the metabolic network and behavioral changes observed, representing an important step in exploring the mechanisms and consequences of MPH treatment.
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Zhou S, Zhong Z, Huang P, Xiang B, Li X, Dong H, Zhang G, Wu Y, Li P. IL-6/STAT3 Induced Neuron Apoptosis in Hypoxia by Downregulating ATF6 Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729925. [PMID: 34744770 PMCID: PMC8567049 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuron apoptosis, regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the hippocampus, is an essential factor influencing the cognitive impairment induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Hypoxia mainly changes the activating transcription factor (ATF6) pathway of ER stress. However, the role of ATF6 in neuron survival, apoptosis, and upstream regulation is still controversial. Methods: We established a hypobaric hypoxia-induced C57BL/6 murine model and cell lines exposed to 1% hypoxia, including PC12 and HT22. First, we tested the expressions of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10 in C57BL/6 mice's hippocampus under hypoxia using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We determined the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation at tyrosine (Tyr)705 by western blot and the expression of ATF6, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and C/-EBP homologous protein (CHOP) related to ER stress by immunofluorescence (IF), western blot, and qRT-PCR; they were then verified on the cell model. Additionally, IL-6 (40 ng/mL) and STAT3 siRNA were used to treat the PC12 cells for 48 and 4 h to activate or silence STAT3, respectively. Subsequently, the cells of siRNA group were exposed to 1% hypoxia for 48 h. Furthermore, the ATF6 and CHOP expressions were detected with western blot and qRT-PCR. Finally, we examined the binding of STAT3 to the ATF6 promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq. Results: The results showed that IL-6 increased, IL-10 decreased in the hypoxia group, and IL-1β showed no difference between the hypoxia and the normoxia groups. Neuron apoptosis was significantly elevated by exposure to hypoxia for 48h in PC12 cells. The hypobaric hypoxia-induced ER stress proteins, ATF6, GRP78, and CHOP, and the p-STAT3 (Tyr705) expressions increased both in in vivo and in vitro. Besides, STAT3 silencing significantly promoted the ATF6 expression and inhibited CHOP, while STAT3 activation downregulated the expression of ATF6 and upregulated CHOP in PC12 cells. The ChIP-seq assay demonstrated that p-STAT3 (Tyr705) protein could bind to the ATF6 promoter region in HT22 cells. Conclusion: Phosphorylation of STAT3 at the Tyr705 site contributes to hypoxia-induced neuron apoptosis by downregulating ATF6, which might explain the inflammatory reaction and apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons induced by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of High Altitude Physiology and Pathology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Dong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Chen L, Ren SY, Li RX, Liu K, Chen JF, Yang YJ, Deng YB, Wang HZ, Xiao L, Mei F, Wang F. Chronic Exposure to Hypoxia Inhibits Myelinogenesis and Causes Motor Coordination Deficits in Adult Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1397-1411. [PMID: 34292513 PMCID: PMC8490606 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hypoxia is considered to be a risk factor for deficits in brain function in adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since active myelinogenesis persists in the adult central nervous system, here we aimed to investigate the impact of chronic hypoxia on myelination and the related functional consequences in adult mice. Using a transgenic approach to label newly-generated myelin sheaths (NG2-CreERTM; Tau-mGFP), we found that myelinogenesis was highly active in most brain regions, such as the motor cortex and corpus callosum. After exposure to hypoxia (10% oxygen) 12 h per day for 4 weeks, myelinogenesis was largely inhibited in the 4-month old brain and the mice displayed motor coordination deficits revealed by the beam-walking test. To determine the relationship between the inhibited myelination and functional impairment, we induced oligodendroglia-specific deletion of the transcription factor Olig2 by tamoxifen (NG2-CreERTM; Tau-mGFP; Olig2 fl/fl) in adult mice to mimic the decreased myelinogenesis caused by hypoxia. The deletion of Olig2 inhibited myelinogenesis and consequently impaired motor coordination, suggesting that myelinogenesis is required for motor function in adult mice. To understand whether enhancing myelination could protect brain functions against hypoxia, we treated hypoxic mice with the myelination-enhancing drug-clemastine, which resulted in enhanced myelogenesis and improved motor coordination. Taken together, our data indicate that chronic hypoxia inhibits myelinogenesis and causes functional deficits in the brain and that enhancing myelinogenesis protects brain functions against hypoxia-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu-Yu Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui-Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jian Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong-Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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13
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Luijerink LLM, Vivekanandarajah A, Waters KA, Machaalani R. The α7 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits regulate apoptosis in the infant hippocampus, and in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Apoptosis 2021; 25:574-589. [PMID: 32577853 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is increased in the hippocampus of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), yet it is not known via which mechanism this has occurred. Following existing support for a role of the α7 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in apoptotic regulation, we aimed to determine whether these subunits are altered in the SIDS hippocampus and if they are correlated with cell death markers of active caspase-3 (Casp-3) and TUNEL. Further analyses were run according to the presence of major SIDS risk factors related to hypoxia (bed-sharing and prone sleeping), infection (presence of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)), cigarette smoke exposure and gender. Immunohistochemical expression of the markers was studied in 4 regions of the hippocampus (Cornu Ammonis (CA)1, CA2, CA3, CA4) and subiculum amongst 52 infants (aged 1-7 months) who died suddenly and unexpectedly (SUDI) and for whom the cause of death was explained (eSUDI; n = 9), or not and characterised as SIDS I (n = 8) and SIDS II (n = 35) according to the San Diego diagnostic criteria. Results showed that SIDS II infants had widespread increases in TUNEL compared with eSUDI and SIDS I infants, as well as increased α7 and Casp-3 in CA2 compared to eSUDI infants, although these changes were predominant amongst infants who did not bed-share. Cigarette smoke exposure had minimal effects on the markers, while an URTI was associated with changes in all markers (after accounting for bed-sharing). Our findings support the role of nAChRs in regulating apoptosis in the SIDS hippocampus, and highlight the need for separate analysis according to risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L M Luijerink
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building K25, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - A Vivekanandarajah
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building K25, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - K A Waters
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building K25, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2146, Australia
| | - R Machaalani
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building K25, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, 2146, Australia.
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14
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Lee YW, Cherng YG, Yang ST, Liu SH, Chen TL, Chen RM. Hypoxia Induced by Cobalt Chloride Triggers Autophagic Apoptosis of Human and Mouse Drug-Resistant Glioblastoma Cells through Targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5558618. [PMID: 34136065 PMCID: PMC8177987 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5558618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor. Drug resistance mainly drives GBM patients to poor prognoses because drug-resistant glioblastoma cells highly defend against apoptotic insults. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) on hypoxic stress, autophagy, and resulting apoptosis of human and mouse drug-resistant glioblastoma cells. Treatment of drug-resistant glioblastoma cells with CoCl2 increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α and triggered hypoxic stress. In parallel, the CoCl2-induced hypoxia decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis, cell proliferation, and survival in chemoresistant glioblastoma cells. Interestingly, CoCl2 elevated the ratio of light chain (LC)3-II over LC3-I in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells and subsequently induced cell autophagy. Analyses by loss- and gain-of-function strategies further confirmed the effects of the CoCl2-induced hypoxia on autophagy of drug-resistant glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, knocking down HIF-1α concurrently lessened CoCl2-induced cell autophagy. As to the mechanisms, the CoCl2-induced hypoxia decreased levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and successive phosphorylations of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells. Interestingly, long-term exposure of human chemoresistant glioblastoma cells to CoCl2 sequentially triggered activation of caspases-3 and -6, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis. However, pretreatment with 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, significantly attenuated the CoCl2-induced autophagy and subsequent apoptotic insults. Taken together, this study showed that long-term treatment with CoCl2 can induce hypoxia and subsequent autophagic apoptosis of drug-resistant glioblastoma cells via targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Thus, combined with traditional prescriptions, CoCl2-induced autophagic apoptosis can be clinically applied as a de novo strategy for therapy of drug-resistant GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Wen Lee
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Tai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center; Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center; Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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15
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Lynch KM, Alves JM, Chow T, Clark KA, Luo S, Toga AW, Xiang AH, Page KA. Selective morphological and volumetric alterations in the hippocampus of children exposed in utero to gestational diabetes mellitus. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2583-2592. [PMID: 33764653 PMCID: PMC8090774 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior epidemiological studies have found that in utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. However, brain alterations associated with GDM are not known. The hippocampus is pivotal for cognition and emotional regulation. Therefore, we assessed relationships between in utero exposure to GDM and hippocampal morphology and subfield structure during childhood. One hundred seventeen children aged 7–11 years (57% girls, 57% exposed to GDM), born at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, participated in the BrainChild Study. Maternal GDM status was determined from electronic medical records. Children underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Freesurfer 6.0 was used to measure hippocampal and individual hippocampal subfield gray matter volume (mm3). Morphological analyses on the hippocampal surface were carried out using shape analysis. GDM‐exposed children exhibited reduced radial thickness in a small, spatially‐restricted portion of the left inferior body of the hippocampus that corresponds to the CA1 subfield. There was a significant interaction between GDM‐exposure and sex on the right hippocampal CA1 subfield. GDM‐exposed boys had reduced right CA1 volume compared to unexposed boys, but this association was no longer significant after controlling for age. No significant group differences were observed in girls. Our results suggest that GDM‐exposure impacts shape of the left hippocampal CA1 subfield in both boys and girls and may reduce volume of right hippocampal CA1 only in boys. These in‐depth findings illuminate the unique properties of the hippocampus impacted by prenatal GDM‐exposure and could have important implications for hippocampal‐related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten M Lynch
- Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jasmin M Alves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Kristi A Clark
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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16
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Ghotbeddin Z, Tabandeh MR, Borujeni MP, Truski FF, Tabrizian L. Study the effect of crocin in three maternal hypoxia protocols with different oxygen intensities on motor activity and balance in rat offspring. Acta Neurol Belg 2020; 120:155-161. [PMID: 29882009 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia as one of the most common clinical disturbances in pregnancy period can cause destructive changes in motor sensory cortex and can lead to imperfect organization in motor reactions. Crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid, is the most active ingredients of saffron and a lot of studies declare its positive effectiveness on improving motor activity. Since the hypoxia intensity affects its malicious amount on movement, in this paper, we have studied the effect of crocin in three maternal hypoxia protocols with different oxygen intensities on motor activity and balance in rat offspring. In this experiment, female rats (Wistar) were used on the 20th day of pregnancy. The rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups: sham, crocin, hypoxia with three different intensities: 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen for 1 h (hypoxia-ɪ), 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen for 1 h (hypoxia-ɪɪ), 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen for 3 h (hypoxia-ɪɪɪ) and treated-crocin hypoxia groups. To produce hypoxia, pregnant rats were placed in a hypoxia box. In crocin group, rat offspring received 30 mg/kg crocin via IP injection at P14-28. Control group also received saline injection at the same time. Finally, balance and motor activity in offspring were measured respectively by rotarod and open-field devices. Results showed that motor activity significantly decreased in hypoxia-ɪɪɪ group as compared with sham group (p < 0.01). Balance in hypoxia-ɪɪɪ group significantly decreased as compared with sham group (p < 0.05). As a result, crocin treatment improved all these changes. The results of this study implied that both hypoxia duration and intensity have profound effects on motor activities impairments.
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17
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Riljak V, Laštůvka Z, Mysliveček J, Borbélyová V, Otáhal J. Early postnatal hypoxia induces behavioral deficits but not morphological damage in the hippocampus in adolescent rats. Physiol Res 2019; 69:165-179. [PMID: 31852194 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the major pathological factors affecting brain function. The aim of the present study was to describe the effect of neonatal hypobaric hypoxia on the behavior of rats and to analyze its effect on hippocampal neurodegeneration. Hypobaric hypoxia at a simulated altitude of 9000 m was induced for one hour in neonatal rat pups (PND7 and PND9) of both sexes. Subsequently, the rats underwent behavioral testing on PND25 and PND35 using a LABORAS apparatus to assess spontaneous behavior. Hypoxia did not cause any morphological damage in the hippocampus of rats. However, hypoxia on PND7 led to less horizontal locomotor activity both, in males (on PND25) and females (on PND35). Hypoxia on PND9 led to higher rearing in females on PND25. Hypoxic males exhibited higher grooming activity, while females lower grooming activity on PND35 following hypoxia induced on PND7. In females, hypoxia on PND9 resulted in higher grooming activity on PND25. Sex differences in the effect of hypoxia was observed on PND35, when hypoxic males compared to hypoxic females displayed more locomotor, rearing and grooming activity. Our data suggest that hypoxia on PND7 versus PND9 differentially affects locomotion and grooming later in adolescence and these effects are sex-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Riljak
- Institute of Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Zhuravin IA, Dubrovskaya NM, Vasilev DS, Postnikova TY, Zaitsev AV. Prenatal hypoxia produces memory deficits associated with impairment of long-term synaptic plasticity in young rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107066. [PMID: 31400467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia often results in dramatic alterations in developmental profiles and behavioral characteristics, including learning and memory, in later life. Despite the accumulation of considerable amounts of experimental data, the mechanisms underlying developmental deficits caused by prenatal hypoxia remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether prenatal hypoxia on embryonic day 14 (E14) affected synaptic properties in the hippocampus and hippocampal-related cognitive functions in young rats. We found that 20- to 30-d-old rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia had significantly disturbed basal synaptic transmission in CA3-CA1 synapses and a two-fold decrease in hippocampal long-term synaptic potentiation. These alterations were accompanied by a significant decline in the protein level of GluN2B but not GluN2A NMDA receptor subunits. In addition, the number of synaptopodin-positive dendritic spines in the CA1 area of the hippocampus was reduced in the rats exposed to prenatal hypoxia. These changes resulted in significant learning and memory deficits in a novel object recognition test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Zhuravin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS (IEPhB), 44, Toreza pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M Dubrovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS (IEPhB), 44, Toreza pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Vasilev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS (IEPhB), 44, Toreza pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Tatyana Yu Postnikova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS (IEPhB), 44, Toreza pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS (IEPhB), 44, Toreza pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova Street, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia.
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19
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Kalinina DS, Vasilev DS, Volnova AB, Nalivaeva NN, Zhuravin IA. Age-Dependent Electrocorticogram Dynamics and Epileptogenic Responsiveness in Rats Subjected to Prenatal Hypoxia. Dev Neurosci 2019; 41:56-66. [PMID: 30904914 DOI: 10.1159/000497224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using electrocorticogram (ECoG) analysis, we compared age-related dynamics of general neuronal activity and convulsive epileptiform responsiveness induced by intracortical microinjections of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in control Wistar rats and those subjected to prenatal hypoxia (Hx; E14; 7% O2, 3 h). The studies were carried out in three age periods roughly corresponding to childhood (P20-27), adolescence (P30-45), and adulthood (P90-120). It was found that in the process of postnatal development of the control rats, the peak of the ECoG power spectrum density (PSD) of the theta rhythm during wakefulness shifted from the low to the higher frequency, while in the Hx rats this shift had the opposite direction. Moreover, the Hx rats had different frequency characteristics of the ECoG PSD and longer episodes of spike-and-wave discharges caused by 4-AP injections compared to the controls. The total ECoG PSD of slow-wave sleep (1-5 Hz) was also dramatically decreased in the process of development of the Hx rats. Such alterations in PSD could be explained by the changes in balance of the excitation and inhibition processes in the cortical networks. Analyzing protein levels of neurotransmitter transporters in the brain structures of the Hx rats, we found that the content of the glutamate transporter EAAT1 was higher in the parietal cortex in all age groups of Hx rats while in the hippocampus it decreased during postnatal development compared to controls. Furthermore, the content of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the parietal cortex, and of the inhibitory GABA transporter 1 in the hippocampus, was also affected by prenatal Hx. These data suggest that prenatal Hx results in a shift in the excitatory and inhibitory balance in the rat cortex towards excitation, making the rat's brain more vulnerable to the effects of proconvulsant drugs and predisposing animals to epileptogenesis during postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Kalinina
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii S Vasilev
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna B Volnova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia N Nalivaeva
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Zhuravin
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, .,Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,
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20
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Dachew BA, Scott JG, Mamun A, Alati R. Pre-eclampsia and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: Findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:392-397. [PMID: 30605798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent heterogeneous neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with various environmental factors. This study examined the association between maternal pre-eclampsia and offspring ADHD at 7- and 10-years. The study cohort consisted of more than 7200 children who participated in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort study. ADHD was diagnosed using parent reported Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA). Log-binomial regression and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used. The GEE analysis showed that pre-eclampsia was associated with increased risk of ADHD in offspring (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-5.38). Similarly, the results of multivariable log-binomial regression analysis at each time point showed that pre-eclampsia was associated with an almost threefold increase risk of offspring ADHD. This study suggests that offspring of mothers with pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of ADHD, although residual and unmeasured confounding by environmental and genetic factors warrants further study. If our findings are replicated by others, early screening for ADHD and other developmental delays may be recommended in offspring of women with pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - James G Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
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Nalivaeva NN, Turner AJ, Zhuravin IA. Role of Prenatal Hypoxia in Brain Development, Cognitive Functions, and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:825. [PMID: 30510498 PMCID: PMC6254649 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of prenatal hypoxia in the development of brain functions in the postnatal period and subsequent increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests that prenatal hypoxia in critical periods of brain formation results in significant changes in development of cognitive functions at various stages of postnatal life which correlate with morphological changes in brain structures involved in learning and memory. Prenatal hypoxia also leads to a decrease in brain adaptive potential and plasticity due to the disturbance in the process of formation of new contacts between cells and propagation of neuronal stimuli, especially in the cortex and hippocampus. On the other hand, prenatal hypoxia has a significant impact on expression and processing of a variety of genes involved in normal brain function and their epigenetic regulation. This results in changes in the patterns of mRNA and protein expression and their post-translational modifications, including protein misfolding and clearance. Among proteins affected by prenatal hypoxia are a key enzyme of the cholinergic system-acetylcholinesterase, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP), both of which have important roles in brain function. Disruption of their expression and metabolism caused by prenatal hypoxia can also result, apart from early cognitive dysfunctions, in development of neurodegeneration in later life. Another group of enzymes affected by prenatal hypoxia are peptidases involved in catabolism of neuropeptides, including amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The decrease in the activity of neprilysin and other amyloid-degrading enzymes observed after prenatal hypoxia could result over the years in an Aβ clearance deficit and accumulation of its toxic species which cause neuronal cell death and development of neurodegeneration. Applying various approaches to restore expression of neuronal genes disrupted by prenatal hypoxia during postnatal development opens an avenue for therapeutic compensation of cognitive dysfunctions and prevention of Aβ accumulation in the aging brain and the model of prenatal hypoxia in rodents can be used as a reliable tool for assessment of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Nalivaeva
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Turner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Igor A. Zhuravin
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Dogan H, Timurkaan N, Saat N, Seker I, Risvanli A. A new animal model for uterine torsion and uterine ischemia-reperfusion studies, but not fetal hypoxia studies. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:242-245. [PMID: 30891571 PMCID: PMC6388049 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a new animal model for use in uterine torsion, uterine ischemia-reperfusion, and fetal hypoxia studies in rats. A total of 14 pregnant rats on their 18th-19th gestational days were used. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: those undergoing the shame operation (group 1), and those in which a 360 uterine torsion was performed using a novel technique, which was corrected 6 hours later (group 2). Subsequently, seven female and seven male rat pups aged 1 month were separated from the mothers in each group. The female rats were monitored until puberty via measuring the vaginal apertures. The 1-month old male rats and the female rats on reaching puberty were decapitated and histopathological tests were performed on the dissected organs, including the cerebral, visceral and genital organs. At the end of the study, no differences were observed between the groups with regard to abortions, offspring death rates and congenital abnormalities. It was observed that the time to reach puberty in female rats born from mothers with uterine torsion was longer, but the difference was statistically insignificant. No microscopic lesions were detected in the cerebral, visceral or genital organs of the offspring. Accordingly, it was concluded that offspring of mothers with the uterine torsion were not affected, at least in the short term. It was generally concluded that this animal model is appropriate for use in uterine torsion and ischemia-reperfusion studies, but is not appropriate for fetal hypoxia studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halef Dogan
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FiratElazigTurkey
| | - Necati Timurkaan
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FiratElazigTurkey
| | - Nevzat Saat
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BalikesirBalikesirTurkey
| | - Ibrahim Seker
- Department of ZootechnyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FiratElazigTurkey
| | - Ali Risvanli
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FiratElazigTurkey
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23
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Noor ZN, Deitmer JW, Theparambil SM. Cytosolic sodium regulation in mouse cortical astrocytes and its dependence on potassium and bicarbonate. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:89-99. [PMID: 30132845 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sodium plays a major role in different astrocytic functions, including maintenance of ion homeostasis and uptake of neurotransmitters and metabolites, which are mediated by different Na+ -coupled transporters. In the current study, the role of an electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1), a sodium-potassium-chloride transporter 1 (NKCC1) and sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+ -K+ -ATPase) for the maintenance of [Na+ ]i was investigated in cultured astrocytes of wild-type (WT) and of NBCe1-deficient (NBCe1-KO) mice using the Na+ -sensitive dye, asante sodium green-2. Our results suggest that cytosolic Na+ was higher in the presence of CO2 /HCO3 - (15 mM) than CO2 /HCO3 - -free, HEPES-buffered solution in WT, but not in NBCe1-KO astrocytes (12 mM). Surprisingly, there was a strong dependence of cytosolic [Na+ ] on the extracellular [HCO3 - ] attributable to NBCe1 activity. Pharmacological blockage of NKCC1 with bumetanide led to a robust drop in cytosolic Na+ in both WT and NBCe1-KO astrocytes by up to 6 mM. There was a strong dependence of the cytosolic [Na+ ] on the extracellular [K+ ]. Inhibition of the Na+ -K+ -ATPase led to larger increase in cytosolic Na+ , both in the absence of K+ as compared with the presence of ouabain and in NBCe1-KO astrocytes as compared with WT astrocytes. Our results show that cytosolic Na+ in mouse cortical astrocytes can vary considerably and depends greatly on the concentrations of HCO3 - and K+ , attributable to the activity of the Na+ -K+ -ATPase, of NBCe1 and NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia N Noor
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Shefeeq M Theparambil
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Singh DK, Ling EA, Kaur C. Hypoxia and myelination deficits in the developing brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 70:3-11. [PMID: 29964158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is a complex and orderly process during brain development that is essential for normal motor, cognitive and sensory functions. Cellular and molecular interactions between myelin-forming oligodendrocytes and axons are required for normal myelination in the developing brain. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and differentiate into mature myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. In this connection, astrocytes and microglia are also involved in survival and proliferation of OPCs. Hypoxic insults during the perinatal period affect the normal development, differentiation and maturation of the OPCs or cause their death resulting in impaired myelination. Several factors such as augmented release of proinflammatory cytokines by activated microglia and astrocytes, extracellular accumulation of excess glutamate and increased levels of nitric oxide are some of the underlying factors for hypoxia induced damage to the OPCs. Additionally, hypoxia also leads to down-regulation of several genes involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation encoding proteolipid protein, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and myelin-associated glycoprotein in the developing brain. Furthermore, oligodendrocytes may also accumulate increased amounts of iron in hypoxic conditions that triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress, misfolding of proteins and generation of reactive oxygen species that ultimately would lead to myelination deficits. More in-depth studies to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the inability of oligodendrocytes to myelinate the developing brain in hypoxic insults are desirable to develop new therapeutic options or strategies for myelination deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Eng-Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, MD10, 4 Medical drive, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Schmitz F, Pierozan P, Biasibetti-Brendler H, Ferreira FS, Dos Santos Petry F, Trindade VMT, Pessoa-Pureur R, Wyse ATS. Methylphenidate disrupts cytoskeletal homeostasis and reduces membrane-associated lipid content in juvenile rat hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:693-704. [PMID: 29288365 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although methylphenidate (MPH) is ubiquitously prescribed to children and adolescents, the consequences of chronic utilization of this psychostimulant are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of MPH on cytoskeletal homeostasis and lipid content in rat hippocampus. Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injections of MPH (2.0 mg/kg) or saline solution (controls), once a day, from the 15th to the 44th day of age. Results showed that MPH provoked hypophosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and reduced its immunocontent. Middle and high molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF-M, NF-H) were hypophosphorylated by MPH on KSP repeat tail domains, while NFL, NFM and NFH immunocontents were not altered. MPH increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) immunocontents. MPH also decreased the total content of ganglioside and phospholipid, as well as the main brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, and GD1b) and the major brain phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine). Total cholesterol content was also reduced in the hippocampi of juvenile rats treated with MPH. These results provide evidence that disruptions of cytoskeletal and lipid homeostasis in hippocampus of juvenile rats are triggers by chronic MPH treatment and present a new basis for understanding the effects and consequences associated with chronic use of this psychostimulant during the development of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Schmitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Pierozan
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Helena Biasibetti-Brendler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos Santos Petry
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Treis Trindade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Celular de Lipídios, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Pessoa-Pureur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório do Citoesqueleto, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Metabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
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Abstract
The term ‘Cerebral hypoxia’ refers to reduced supply of oxygen to the brain tissues. If a brain cell becomes completely deprived of oxygen, the condition is referred to as cerebral anoxia. Since brain needs constant supply of oxygen for its vital functioning, cerebral hypoxia can have major impact of cerebral hemispheres, leading to cognitive, behavioural as well as personality changes including anxiety, depression and memory loss.
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Kletkiewicz H, Hyjek M, Jaworski K, Nowakowska A, Rogalska J. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in rat brain after perinatal anoxia: role of body temperature. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:824-833. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1385860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kletkiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Malwina Hyjek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Centre For Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Justyna Rogalska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Vivekanandarajah A, Aishah A, Waters KA, Machaalani R. Intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia effects on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the developing piglet hippocampus and brainstem. Neurotoxicology 2017; 60:23-33. [PMID: 28235547 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acute (1 day) vs repeated (4 days) exposure to intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) on the immunohistochemical expression of α2, α3, α5, α7, α9 and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in the developing piglet hippocampus and brainstem medulla, and how prior nicotine exposure alters the response to acute IHH. Five piglet groups included: 1day IHH (1D IHH, n=9), 4days IHH (4D IHH, n=8), controls exposed only to air cycles for 1day (1D Air, n=6) or 4days (4D Air, n=5), and pre-exposed to nicotine for 13days prior to 1day IHH (Nic+1D IHH, n=7). The exposure period alternated 6min of HH (8%O2, 7%CO2, balance N2) and 6min of air over 48min, while controls were switched from air-to-air. Results showed that: 1. repeated IHH induces more changes in nAChR subunit expression than acute IHH in both the hippocampus and brainstem medulla, 2. In the hippocampus, α2 and β2 changed the most (increased) following IHH and the CA3, CA2 and DG were mostly affected. In the brainstem medulla, α2, α5, α9 and β2 were changed (decreased) in most nuclei with the hypoglossal and nucleus of the solitary tract being mostly affected. 3. Pre-exposure to nicotine enhanced the changes in the hippocampus but dampened those in the brainstem medulla. These findings indicate that the nAChRs (predominantly with the α2/β2 complex) are affected by IHH in critical hippocampal and brainstem nuclei during early brain development, and that pre-exposure to nicotine alters the pattern of susceptibility to IHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunnjah Vivekanandarajah
- The BOSCH Institute, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Atqiya Aishah
- The BOSCH Institute, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, Blackburn Building, D06, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Karen A Waters
- The BOSCH Institute, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- The BOSCH Institute, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medicine, Blackburn Building, DO6, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Children's Hospital, Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Notarangelo FM, Pocivavsek A. Elevated kynurenine pathway metabolism during neurodevelopment: Implications for brain and behavior. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:275-285. [PMID: 26944732 PMCID: PMC5010529 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation contains several neuroactive metabolites that may influence brain function in health and disease. Mounting focus has been dedicated to investigating the role of these metabolites during neurodevelopment and elucidating their involvement in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders with a developmental component, such as schizophrenia. In this review, we describe the changes in KP metabolism in the brain from gestation until adulthood and illustrate how environmental and genetic factors affect the KP during development. With a particular focus on kynurenic acid, the antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (α7nACh) and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, both implicated in modulating brain development, we review animal models designed to ascertain the role of perinatal KP elevation on long-lasting biochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral deficits later in life. We present new data demonstrating that combining perinatal choline-supplementation, to potentially increase activation of α7nACh receptors during development, with embryonic kynurenine manipulation is effective in attenuating cognitive impairments in adult rat offspring. With these findings in mind, we conclude the review by discussing the advancement of therapeutic interventions that would target not only symptoms, but potentially the root cause of central nervous system diseases that manifest from a perinatal KP insult. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Kynurenine Pathway in Health and Disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Notarangelo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Pocivavsek
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Erythropoietin improves hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal rats after short-term anoxia by enhancing angiogenesis. Brain Res 2016; 1651:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Reduces Cerebral Damage and Ameliorates Long-Term Cognitive Impairments Caused by Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7137-7155. [PMID: 27796751 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As the interest in the neuroprotective possibilities of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for brain injury has grown in the recent years, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of this fatty acid in an experimental model of perinatal hypoxia-ischemia in rats. To this end, motor activity, aspects of learning, and memory function and anxiety, as well as corticofugal connections visualized by using tracer injections, were evaluated at adulthood. We found that in the hours immediately following the insult, DHA maintained mitochondrial inner membrane integrity and transmembrane potential, as well as the integrity of synaptic processes. Seven days later, morphological damage at the level of the middle hippocampus was reduced, since neurons and myelin were preserved and the astroglial reactive response and microglial activation were seen to be diminished. At adulthood, the behavioral tests revealed that treated animals presented better long-term working memory and less anxiety than non-treated hypoxic-ischemic animals, while no difference was found in the spontaneous locomotor activity. Interestingly, hypoxic-ischemic injury caused alterations in the anterograde corticofugal neuronal connections which were not so evident in rats treated with DHA. Thus, our results indicate that DHA treatment can lead to long-lasting neuroprotective effects in this experimental model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemic brain injury, not only by mitigating axonal changes but also by enhancing cognitive performance at adulthood.
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Berger R, Garnier Y, Jensen A. Perinatal Brain Damage: Underlying Mechanisms and Neuroprotective Strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155760200900601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Universitätsfrauenklinik Bochum, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, In der Schornau 23-25, 44982 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Arne Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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33
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Abstract
Neurons and glial cells maintain a steep inwardly directed electrochemical gradient for Na+ across their plasma membranes. This gradient is provided by Na +, K+-ATPase activity and energizes a multitude of transmembrane processes. Recent investigations have sug gested that sustained increases in Na+i, following inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase, or Na+ influx via voltage- or transmitter-activated ion channels, are key events during a variety of pathological conditions. Breakdown of the Na+ gradient causes reverse operation of Na+/Ca2+- and Na+/H+-exchange, resulting in intracellular Ca2+ increase and acidification. In addition, reversal of Na +-dependent glutamate transport promotes glutamate export, which can result in toxic glutamate concentrations in the extracellular space. Further stud ies of the mechanisms of Na+i regulation in neurons and glial cells may provide more insights into events initiating cell damage in the nervous system. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:85-88, 1997
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Decker MJ, Jones K, Keating GL, Damato EG, Darrah R. Maternal dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids confers neuroprotection to the newborn against hypoxia-induced dopamine dysfunction. Sleep Sci 2016; 9:94-9. [PMID: 27656273 PMCID: PMC5021959 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Up to 84% of prematurely born infants suffer hypoxic, anoxic, and ischemic insults. Those infants with subsequent behavioral, motor or cognitive dysfunction represent 8-11% of all live births. Yet, no interventions employed during pregnancy attenuate risk of morbidity in those at-risk infants. Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) has been shown to reduce stroke-induced neuropathology in rat models emulating this adverse clinical event. To extend those studies we sought to determine whether maternal dietary supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs would confer neuroprotection against hypoxia-induced neurochemical dysfunction in newborn rat pups exposed to repetitive hypoxic insults. METHODS We provided pregnant rats with either a ω-3 PUFA enriched diet or else a standard rat chow diet. At postnatal day 7, pups were assigned randomly to either repetitive hypoxic insults or repetitive bursts of room air. On postnatal day 12, pups were sacrificed and brain dopamine levels characterized. RESULTS Baseline brain dopamine levels did not differ between rat pups born to dams who received ω-3 PUFA enriched versus standard rat chow diets. Rat pups born to dams maintained on normal diets, who were exposed to five days of repetitive hypoxic insults, experienced a 57% reduction in striatal dopamine levels accompanied by significant apoptosis. In contrast, ω-3 PUFA-enriched newborn pups experienced no loss in striatal dopamine levels, and only minimal apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that it may be feasible to confer neuroprotection against hypoxia-induced dopamine dysfunction to newborns likely to experience hypoxic insults. This could significantly improve the outcomes of those 8-11% of newborns who would otherwise experience hypoxia-induced behavioral, motor and cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Decker
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Karra Jones
- University of California, Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Glenda L. Keating
- Emory University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, 101 Woodruff Circle NE (Clifton RD NE), Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Elizabeth G. Damato
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Rebecca Darrah
- Case Western Reserve University, School of Nursing, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
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Lai KP, Li JW, Tse ACK, Wang SY, Chan TF, Wu RSS. Differential responses of female and male brains to hypoxia in the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 172:36-43. [PMID: 26765084 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, an endocrine disruptor, affects synthesis and balance of sex steroid hormones, leading to reproductive impairment in both female and male fish. Cumulating reports demonstrated the alternation of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPG-axis) by hypoxia. However, the detail mechanism underlying how hypoxia may alter other brain functions remains largely unknown. In this report, we used marine medaka as a model and conducted a high-throughput RNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis on hypoxia-exposed brain tissues, aiming to determine the change of transcriptional signature and to unravel the pathways that are induced by hypoxia. We found that hypoxia lead to dysregulation of brain functions (including synaptic transmission, axon guidance, potassium ion transport, neuron differentiation, and development of brain and pituitary gland), and also signaling pathways (e.g., gap junction, calcium signaling pathway, and GnRH signaling pathway). Our results further demonstrate gender-specific responses to hypoxia in female and male fish's brains, which provides novel insights into the mechanism underlying the hypoxia induced sex specific brain functions impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Po Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jing-Woei Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Anna Chung-Kwan Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Simon Yuan Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Rudolf Shiu-Sun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Svitok P, Molcan L, Stebelova K, Vesela A, Sedlackova N, Ujhazy E, Mach M, Zeman M. Prenatal hypoxia in rats increased blood pressure and sympathetic drive of the adult offspring. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:501-5. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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37
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Kalinina DS, Frolova EV, Lavrentyeva VV, Dubrovskaya NM, Lukomskaya NY, Kim KK, Zaitsev AV, Zhuravin IA, Magazanik LG. Delayed effect of prenatal exposure to hypoxia on the susceptibility of rats to electric seizures. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2015; 465:271-273. [PMID: 26725232 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496615060071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the delayed effects of prenatal exposure to hypoxia on the susceptibility of rats to seizures. The later was estimated using graded electroshock. The experiments were performed in two groups of 1.5-year-old male Wistar rats. The experimental group consisted of the animals that were exposed to hypoxia on day 14 of prenatal development, and the control group consisted of the animals that developed under the normal conditions. In the rats subjected to prenatal hypoxia, seizure episodes induced by weak currents in the range of 10-40 mA and their average duration were more pronounced as compared to the control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kalinina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Frolova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V V Lavrentyeva
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N M Dubrovskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Ya Lukomskaya
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Kh Kim
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Zaitsev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - I A Zhuravin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L G Magazanik
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus impair offspring memory functions during infancy and early childhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term consequences of such pregnancies on memory and memory-related brain regions in 10-year-old children. METHODS Nineteen children of diabetic mothers (CDMs) and 35 children of nondiabetic mothers participated in this 10-year follow-up study. Memory performance was assessed using a continuous recognition memory task during which children made old/new judgments in response to pictures of concrete and abstract objects presented after different lags or delays. In addition, the volume of the hippocampal formation (HF) was measured using high-resolution structural images. RESULTS At 10 years of age, recognition memory performance of CDMs did not differ from children of nondiabetic mothers. Similarly, the volume of the HF did not differ between groups. However, the size of the HF in CDMs predicted the time those children needed to provide accurate responses in the continuous recognition memory task. CONCLUSIONS CDMs do not show memory impairments by 10 years of age, despite evidence for such impairments early in life. However, subtle differences in underlying neural processes may still be present. These results have important implications for long-term cognitive development of CDMs.
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Stroev SA, Tyul’kova EI, Vataeva LA, Miettinen MT. Modifications of the expression of thioredoxins and superoxide dismutases in the rat hippocampus that were induced by prenatal hypoxia are preserved in mature animals. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712415030101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Oliveira-Pinto J, Paes-Branco D, Cristina-Rodrigues F, Krahe TE, Manhães AC, Abreu-Villaça Y, Filgueiras CC. GABAA overactivation potentiates the effects of NMDA blockade during the brain growth spurt in eliciting locomotor hyperactivity in juvenile mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 50:43-52. [PMID: 26056730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Both NMDA receptor blockade and GABAA receptor overactivation during the brain growth spurt may contribute to the hyperactivity phenotype reminiscent of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Here, we evaluated the effects of exposure to MK801 (a NMDA antagonist) and/or to muscimol (a GABAA agonist) during the brain growth spurt on locomotor activity of juvenile Swiss mice. This study was carried out in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, pups received a single i.p. injection of either saline solution (SAL), MK801 (MK, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg) or muscimol (MU, 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) at the second postnatal day (PND2), and PNDs 4, 6 and 8. In the second experiment, we investigated the effects of a combined injection of MK (0.1 mg/kg) and MU (doses: 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg) following the same injection schedule of the first experiment. In both experiments, locomotor activity was assessed for 15 min at PND25. While MK promoted a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity, exposure to MU failed to elicit significant effects. The combined exposure to the highest dose of MU and the lowest dose of MK induced marked hyperactivity. Moreover, the combination of the low dose of MK and the high dose of MU resulted in a reduced activity in the center of the open field, suggesting an increased anxiety-like behavior. These findings suggest that, during the brain growth spurt, the blockade of NMDA receptors induces juvenile locomotor hyperactivity whereas hyperactivation of GABAA receptors does not. However, GABAA overactivation during this period potentiates the effects of NMDA blockade in inducing locomotor hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira-Pinto
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Danielle Paes-Branco
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cristina-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Thomas E Krahe
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Alex C Manhães
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Yael Abreu-Villaça
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Cláudio C Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Prof. Manoel de Abreu 444, 5 andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil.
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Kochkina EG, Plesneva SA, Zhuravin IA, Turner AJ, Nalivaeva NN. Effect of hypoxia on cholinesterase activity in rat sensorimotor cortex. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Tyul’kova EI, Vataeva LA, Vetrovoi OV, Romanovskii DY. Prenatal hypoxia modifies working memory and the activity of hippocampal polyphosphoinositide system in rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Hernández-Andrade E, Cortés-Camberos AJ, Díaz NF, Flores-Herrera H, García-López G, González-Jiménez M, Santamaría A, Molina-Hernández A. Altered levels of brain neurotransmitter from new born rabbits with intrauterine restriction. Neurosci Lett 2014; 584:60-5. [PMID: 25304540 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fetal intrauterine growth restriction generates chronic hypoxia due to placental insufficiency. Despite the hemodynamic process of blood flow, redistributions are taking place in key organs such as the fetal brain during intrauterine growth restriction, in order to maintain oxygen and nutrients supply. The risk of short- and long-term neurological effects are still present in hypoxic offspring. Most studies previously reported the effect of hypoxia on the levels of a single neurotransmitter, making it difficult to have a better understanding of the relationship among neurotransmitter levels and the defects reported in products that suffer intrauterine growth restriction, such as motor development, coordination and execution of movement, and the learning-memory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin in three structures of the brain related to the above-mentioned function such as the cerebral cortex, the striatum, and the hippocampus in the chronic hypoxic newborn rabbit model. Our results showed a significant increase in glutamate and dopamine levels in all studied brain structures and a significant decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid levels but only in the striatum, suggesting that the imbalance on the levels of several neurotransmitters could be involved in new born brain damage due to perinatal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hernández-Andrade
- Dirección de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico.
| | - A J Cortés-Camberos
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico.
| | - N F Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico.
| | - H Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico.
| | - G García-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico.
| | - M González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico.
| | - A Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico.
| | - A Molina-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico.
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The beneficial effect of melatonin in brain endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reperfusion-induced injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:639531. [PMID: 25126203 PMCID: PMC4122057 DOI: 10.1155/2014/639531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has a cellular protective effect in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Protection of brain endothelial cells against hypoxia and oxidative stress is important for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, since brain endothelial cells constitute the blood brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of melatonin against oxygen-glucose deprivation, followed by reperfusion- (OGD/R-) induced injury, in bEnd.3 cells. The effect of melatonin was examined by western blot analysis, cell viability assays, measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Our results showed that treatment with melatonin prevents cell death and degradation of tight junction protein in the setting of OGD/R-induced injury. In response to OGD/R injury of bEnd.3 cells, melatonin activates Akt, which promotes cell survival, and attenuates phosphorylation of JNK, which triggers apoptosis. Thus, melatonin protects bEnd.3 cells against OGD/R-induced injury.
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45
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Otellin VA, Khozhai LI, Shishko TT. Reactions of neural elements of neocortex to action of hypoxia at the early neonatal period in rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093014020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Molnár K, Kéri S. Bigger is better and worse: on the intricate relationship between hippocampal size and memory. Neuropsychologia 2014; 56:73-8. [PMID: 24423661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure-function relationship between the hippocampal region and memory is a debated topic in the literature. It has been suggested that larger hippocampi are associated with less effective memory performance in healthy young adults because of a partial synaptic pruning. Here, we tested this hypothesis in individuals with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) with known abnormal pruning and IQ- and age-matched individuals with hypoxic brain injury, preterm birth, and obstetric complications. Results revealed larger normalized hippocampal volume in FXS compared with neurotypical controls, whereas individuals with hypoxic injury had smaller hippocampi. In neurotypical controls and individuals with hypoxic injury, better general memory, as indexed by the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, was associated with larger hippocampus. In contrast, in FXS we observed the opposite relationship: larger hippocampus was associated with worse general memory. Caudate volume did not correlate with memory in either group. These results suggest that incomplete pruning in young healthy adults may not contribute to less efficient memory capacity, and hippocampal size is positively associated with memory performance. However, abnormally large and poorly pruned hippocampus may indeed be less effective in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Molnár
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary; University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Szeged, Hungary; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kéri
- Nyírő Gyula Hospital, National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary; University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Szeged, Hungary; Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest, Hungary.
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47
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Zhang SXL, Wang Y, Gozal D. Pathological consequences of intermittent hypoxia in the central nervous system. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:1767-77. [PMID: 23723023 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a frequent occurrence in clinical settings. In the last decades, evidence has emerged implicating the gas exchange alterations and sleep disruption associated with those disorders in the high prevalence of cognitive and behavioral deficits afflicting these patients. In an effort to better characterize the role of IH, and to identify potential mechanisms of IH-induced central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, a large number of rodent models have been recently developed. The cumulative evidence confirms that IH indeed induces a heterotopic pattern of injury in the brain, particularly affecting cortical, subcortical, and hippocampal regions, ultimately leading to neuronal apoptosis and activation of microglia. These IH-induced deleterious processes exhibit substantial variability across the lifespan, are under substantial modulatory influences of diet, physical or intellectual activity, and genetic factors, and preferentially recruit oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley X L Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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48
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Subchronic perinatal asphyxia in rats: Embryo–foetal assessment of a new model of oxidative stress during critical period of development. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 61:233-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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49
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Sodium hydrosulfide prevents hypoxia-induced behavioral impairment in neonatal mice. Brain Res 2013; 1538:126-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Norwood A, Wagner JB, Motley C, Hirch SB, Vogel-Farley VK, Nelson CA. Behavioral and Electrophysiological Indices of Memory in Typically Developing and Hypoxic-Ischemic Injured Infants. INFANCY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Norwood
- Pediatrix Medical Group of New Mexico; Presbyterian Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Charles A. Nelson
- Division of Developmental Medicine; Boston Children's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
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