1
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Zariñán T, Espinal-Enriquez J, De Anda-Jáuregui G, Lira-Albarrán S, Hernández-Montes G, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Rebollar-Vega RG, Bousfield GR, Butnev VY, Hernández-Lemus E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. Differential effects of follicle-stimulating hormone glycoforms on the transcriptome profile of cultured rat granulosa cells as disclosed by RNA-seq. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293688. [PMID: 38843139 PMCID: PMC11156319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been documented that variations in glycosylation on glycoprotein hormones, confer distinctly different biological features to the corresponding glycoforms when multiple in vitro biochemical readings are analyzed. We here applied next generation RNA sequencing to explore changes in the transcriptome of rat granulosa cells exposed for 0, 6, and 12 h to 100 ng/ml of four highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) glycoforms, each exhibiting different glycosylation patterns: a. human pituitary FSH18/21 (hypo-glycosylated); b. human pituitary FSH24 (fully glycosylated); c. Equine FSH (eqFSH) (hypo-glycosylated); and d. Chinese-hamster ovary cell-derived human recombinant FSH (recFSH) (fully-glycosylated). Total RNA from triplicate incubations was prepared from FSH glycoform-exposed cultured granulosa cells obtained from DES-pretreated immature female rats, and RNA libraries were sequenced in a HighSeq 2500 sequencer (2 x 125 bp paired-end format, 10-15 x 106 reads/sample). The computational workflow focused on investigating differences among the four FSH glycoforms at three levels: gene expression, enriched biological processes, and perturbed pathways. Among the top 200 differentially expressed genes, only 4 (0.6%) were shared by all 4 glycoforms at 6 h, whereas 118 genes (40%) were shared at 12 h. Follicle-stimulating hormone glycocoforms stimulated different patterns of exclusive and associated up regulated biological processes in a glycoform and time-dependent fashion with more shared biological processes after 12 h of exposure and fewer treatment-specific ones, except for recFSH, which exhibited stronger responses with more specifically associated processes at this time. Similar results were found for down-regulated processes, with a greater number of processes at 6 h or 12 h, depending on the particular glycoform. In general, there were fewer downregulated than upregulated processes at both 6 h and 12 h, with FSH18/21 exhibiting the largest number of down-regulated associated processes at 6 h while eqFSH exhibited the greatest number at 12 h. Signaling cascades, largely linked to cAMP-PKA, MAPK, and PI3/AKT pathways were detected as differentially activated by the glycoforms, with each glycoform exhibiting its own molecular signature. These data extend previous observations demonstrating glycosylation-dependent distinctly different regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways triggered by FSH in granulosa cells. The results also suggest the importance of individual FSH glycoform glycosylation for the conformation of the ligand-receptor complex and induced signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Saúl Lira-Albarrán
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Montes
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa G. Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George R. Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Viktor Y. Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Zariñán T, Espinal-Enriquez J, De Anda-Jáuregui G, Lira-Albarrán S, Hernández-Montes G, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Rebollar-Vega RG, Bousfield GR, Butnev VY, Hernández-Lemus E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. Differential effects of follicle-stimulating hormone glycoforms on the transcriptome profile of cultured rat granulosa cells as disclosed by RNA-seq. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562995. [PMID: 37905087 PMCID: PMC10614937 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been documented that variations in glycosylation on glycoprotein hormones, confer distinctly different biological features to the corresponding glycoforms when multiple in vitro biochemical readings are analyzed. We here applied next generation RNA sequencing to explore changes in the transcriptome of rat granulosa cells exposed for 0, 6, and 12 h to 100 ng/ml of four highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) glycoforms, each exhibiting different glycosylation patterns: human pituitary FSH18/21 and equine FSH (eqFSH) (hypo-glycosylated), and human FSH24 and chinese-hamster ovary cell-derived human recombinant FSH (recFSH) (fully-glycosylated). Total RNA from triplicate incubations was prepared from FSH glycoform-exposed cultured granulosa cells obtained from DES-pretreated immature female rats, and RNA libraries were sequenced in a HighSeq 2500 sequencer (2 × 125 bp paired-end format, 10-15 × 106 reads/sample). The computational workflow focused on investigating differences among the four FSH glycoforms at three levels: gene expression, enriched biological processes, and perturbed pathways. Among the top 200 differentially expressed genes, only 4 (0.6%) were shared by all 4 glycoforms at 6 h, whereas 118 genes (40%) were shared at 12 h. Follicle-stimulating hormone glycocoforms stimulated different patterns of exclusive and associated up regulated biological processes in a glycoform and time-dependent fashion with more shared biological processes after 12 h of exposure and fewer treatment-specific ones, except for recFSH, which exhibited stronger responses with more specifically associated processes at this time. Similar results were found for down-regulated processes, with a greater number of processes at 6 h or 12 h, depending on the particular glycoform. In general, there were fewer downregulated than upregulated processes at both 6 h and 12 h, with FSH18/21 exhibiting the largest number of down-regulated associated processes at 6 h while eqFSH exhibited the greatest number at 12 h. Signaling cascades, largely linked to cAMP-PKA, MAPK, and PI3/AKT pathways were detected as differentially activated by the glycoforms, with each glycoform exhibiting its own molecular signature. These data extend previous observations demonstrating glycosylation-dependent differential regulation of gene expression and intracellular signaling pathways triggered by FSH in granulosa cells. The results also suggest the importance of individual FSH glycoform glycosylation for the conformation of the ligand-receptor complex and induced signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Saúl Lira-Albarrán
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Georgina Hernández-Montes
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa G. Rebollar-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George R. Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, 67260, USA
| | - Viktor Y. Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita Kansas, 67260, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Hu W, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Xia J, Zhang P, Xiao W, Xue M, Lu Z, Yang S. Recent development of analytical methods for disease-specific protein O-GlcNAcylation. RSC Adv 2022; 13:264-280. [PMID: 36605671 PMCID: PMC9768672 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic modification of protein serine or threonine residues by N-acetylglucosamine, namely O-GlcNAcylation, is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that frequently occurs in the nucleus and cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylation is dynamically regulated by two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase, and regulates nearly all cellular processes in epigenetics, transcription, translation, cell division, metabolism, signal transduction and stress. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has been shown in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Deciphering O-GlcNAcylation remains a challenge due to its low abundance, low stoichiometry and extreme lability in most tandem mass spectrometry. Separation or enrichment of O-GlcNAc proteins or peptides from complex mixtures has been of great interest because quantitative analysis of protein O-GlcNAcylation can elucidate their functions and regulatory mechanisms in disease. However, valid and specific analytical methods are still lacking, and efforts are needed to further advance this direction. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in various analytical methods, focusing on chemical oxidation, affinity of antibodies and lectins, hydrophilic interaction, and enzymatic addition of monosaccharides in conjugation with these methods. O-GlcNAcylation quantification has been described in detail using mass-spectrometric or non-mass-spectrometric techniques. We briefly summarized dysregulated changes in O-GlcNAcylation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Hu
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Suzhou Institute for Drug ControlSuzhouJiangsu215104China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Jun Xia
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiang310014China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215004China
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215004China
| | - Man Xue
- Suzhou Institute for Drug ControlSuzhouJiangsu215104China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Health Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215004China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
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4
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Disaccharide-tag for highly sensitive identification of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in mammalian cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267804. [PMID: 35604954 PMCID: PMC9126400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is the only sugar modification for proteins present in the cytoplasm and nucleus and is thought to be involved in the regulation of protein function and localization. Currently, several methods are known for detecting O-GlcNAcylated proteins using monoclonal antibodies or wheat germ agglutinin, but these methods have some limitations in their sensitivity and quantitative comparison. We developed a new disaccharide-tag method to overcome these problems. This is a method in which a soluble GalNAc transferase is expressed intracellularly, extended to a disaccharide of GalNAc-GlcNAc, and detected using a Wisteria japonica agglutinin specific to this disaccharide. We verified the method using human c-Rel protein and also highly sensitively compared the difference in O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins associated with differentiation from embryonic stem cell (ESC) to epiblast-like cells (EpiLC). As one example of such a modification, a novel O-GlcNAc modification was found in the transcription factor Sox2 at residue Ser263, and the modification site could be identified by nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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5
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Haldar S, Agrawal H, Saha S, Straughn AR, Roy P, Kakar SS. Overview of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptors in reproduction and in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:675-692. [PMID: 35002517 PMCID: PMC8741861 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) have been reported to be responsible for several physiological functions and cancers. The responsiveness of stem cells and cancer stem cells towards the FSH-FSHR system make the function of FSH and its receptors more interesting in the context of cancer biology. This review is comprised of comprehensive information on FSH-FSHR signaling in normal physiology, gonadal stem cells, cancer cells, and potential options of utilizing FSH-FSHR system as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Haldar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Current address: Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405
| | - Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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6
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Sinegubova M, Vorobiev I, Klishin A, Eremin D, Orlova N, Orlova N, Polzikov M. Purification Process of a Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Biosimilar (Primapur ®) to Yield a Pharmaceutical Product with High Batch-to-Batch Consistency. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:96. [PMID: 35056992 PMCID: PMC8781808 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) is widely used for infertility treatment and is subject to the development of biosimilars. There are different purification strategies that can yield r-hFSH of pharmaceutical quality from Chinese hamster ovary cell culture broth. We developed a purification process for r-hFSH centered on immunoaffinity chromatography with single-domain recombinant camelid antibodies. The resulting downstream process is simple and devoid of ultrafiltration operations. Studies on chromatography resin resource and ligand leakage showed that the immunoaffinity matrix employed was suitable for industrial use and stable for at least 40 full chromatography cycles, and the leaked single-domain antibody ligand was completely removed by subsequent purification steps. All chromatography resins employed withstood the same 40 cycles of use without significant changes in separation efficiency and product binding capacity. The resulting industrial purification process yielded batches of r-hFSH with consistent levels of purity and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sinegubova
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal State Institution «Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (N.O.)
- IVFarma LLC, Nauchnyi Proezd, 20, Build. 2, 117246 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ivan Vorobiev
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal State Institution «Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (N.O.)
| | - Anatoly Klishin
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Dorozhniy Proezd, 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (N.O.)
| | - Dmitry Eremin
- IVFarma LLC, Nauchnyi Proezd, 20, Build. 2, 117246 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda Orlova
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Federal State Institution «Federal Research Centre «Fundamentals of Biotechnology» of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.); (N.O.)
| | - Natalya Orlova
- State Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Dorozhniy Proezd, 1, 117545 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (N.O.)
| | - Mikhail Polzikov
- IVFarma LLC, Nauchnyi Proezd, 20, Build. 2, 117246 Moscow, Russia;
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Abstract
Micronutrients are involved in various vital cellular metabolic processes including thyroid hormone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum levels of micronutrients and their effects on thyroid parameters. The correlation of serum levels of micronutrients and thyroid markers was studied in a group of 387 healthy individuals tested for thyroid markers (T4, T3, FT4, FT3, TSH, anti-TPO, RT3, and anti-Tg) and their micronutrient profile at Vibrant America Clinical Laboratory. The subjects were rationalized into three groups (deficient, normal, or excess levels of micronutrients), and the levels of their thyroid markers were compared. According to our results, deficiency of vitamin B2, B12, B9 and Vit-D25[OH] (
) significantly affected thyroid functioning. Other elemental micronutrients such as calcium, copper, choline, iron, and zinc (
) have a significant correlation with serum levels of free T3. Amino acids asparagine (r = 0.1765,
) and serine (r = 0.1186,
) were found to have a strong positive correlation with TSH. Valine, leucine, and arginine (
) also exhibited a significant positive correlation with serum levels of T4 and FT4. No other significant correlations were observed with other micronutrients. Our study suggests strong evidence for the association of the levels of micronutrients with thyroid markers with a special note on the effect of serum levels of certain amino acids.
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8
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Saebnia N, Neshati Z, Bahrami AR. Role of microRNAs in etiology of azoospermia and their application as non-invasive biomarkers in diagnosis of azoospermic patients. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102207. [PMID: 34407467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Azoospermia is a common cause of male infertility without any sperm in the semen and consists of ∼1% of all males and ∼15% of infertile ones. Currently, no accurate non-invasive diagnostic method exists for patients with azoospermia and testis biopsy is mandatory to determine if any spermatozoa exist in the testes. Studies have clarified that the expression of some distinct microRNAs shows alterations in azoospermic patients. MicroRNAs play critical roles during spermatogenesis and their dysregulation can defect this process. Here, we review studied microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of azoospermia and their target genes. Moreover, we will imply the utility of seminal plasma microRNAs as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for azoospermia. We hope such studies could help patients with azoospermia in both diagnosis and treatment, in order that they could father their own biological children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Saebnia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Neshati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Uhler R, Popa-Wagner R, Kröning M, Brehm A, Rennert P, Seifried A, Peschke M, Krieger M, Kohla G, Kannicht C, Wiedemann P, Hafner M, Rosenlöcher J. Glyco-engineered HEK 293-F cell lines for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins with human N-glycosylation and improved pharmacokinetics. Glycobiology 2021; 31:859-872. [PMID: 33403396 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylated proteins produced in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells often carry terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and only low levels of sialylation. On therapeutic proteins, such N-glycans often trigger rapid clearance from the patient bloodstream via efficient binding to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) and mannose receptor (MR). This currently limits the use of HEK 293 cells for therapeutic protein production. To eliminate terminal GalNAc, we knocked-out GalNAc transferases B4GALNT3 and B4GALNT4 by CRISPR/Cas9 in FreeStyle 293-F cells. The resulting cell line produced a coagulation factor VII-albumin fusion protein without GalNAc but with increased sialylation. This glyco-engineered protein bound less efficiently to both the ASGP-R and MR in vitro and it showed improved recovery, terminal half-life and area under the curve in pharmacokinetic rat experiments. By overexpressing sialyltransferases ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL6 in B4GALNT3 and B4GALNT4 knock-out cells, we further increased factor VII-albumin sialylation; for ST6GAL1 even to the level of human plasma-derived factor VII. Simultaneous knock-out of B4GALNT3 and B4GALNT4, and overexpression of ST6GAL1 further lowered factor VII-albumin binding to ASGP-R and MR. This novel glyco-engineered cell line is well-suited for the production of factor VII-albumin and presumably other therapeutic proteins with fully human N-glycosylation and superior pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Uhler
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.,Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mario Kröning
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Brehm
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Rennert
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Krieger
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Kohla
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Kannicht
- Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Octapharma Biopharmaceuticals GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wiedemann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.,Institute for Medical Technology, University Heidelberg and the Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Mezei M, Baliram R, Ali MR, Zaidi M, Davies TF, Latif R. The Human TSHβ Subunit Proteins and Their Binding Sites on the TSH Receptor Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5879754. [PMID: 32738139 PMCID: PMC7447003 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To gain further insight into the binding of the normal and variant human TSHβ subunits (TSHβ and TSHβv), we modeled the 2 monomeric proteins and studied their interaction with the TSH receptor ectodomain (TSHR-ECD) using molecular dynamics simulation Furthermore, analyzed their bioactivity in vitro using recombinant proteins to confirm that such binding was physiologically relevant. Examining the interaction of TSHβ and TSHβv with the TSHR-ECD model using molecular dynamic simulation revealed strong binding of these proteins to the receptor ECD. The specificity of TSHβ and TSHβv binding to the TSHR-ECD was examined by analyzing the hydrogen-bonding residues of these subunits to the FSH receptor ECD, indicating the inability of these molecules to bind to the FSH receptors. Furthermore, the modelling suggests that TSHβ and TSHβv proteins clasped the concave surface of the leucine rich region of the TSHR ECD in a similar way to the native TSH using dynamic hydrogen bonding. These mutually exclusive stable interactions between the subunits and ECD residues included some high-affinity contact sites corresponding to binding models of native TSH. Furthermore, we cloned TSHβ and TSHβv proteins using the entire coding ORF and purified the flag-tagged proteins. The expressed TSHβ subunit proteins retained bioactivity both in a coculture system as well as with immune-purified proteins. In summary, we showed that such interactions can result in a functional outcome and may exert physiological or pathophysiological effects in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, New York, New York
- Correspondence: Mihaly Mezei, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn school of Medicine, Ine Gustave L Levy PL, New York NY 10029. E-mail:
| | - Ramkumarie Baliram
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - M Rejwan Ali
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, New York, New York
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Terry F Davies
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rauf Latif
- Thyroid Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York
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11
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Simon LE, Liu Z, Bousfield GR, Kumar TR, Duncan FE. Recombinant FSH glycoforms are bioactive in mouse preantral ovarian follicles. Reproduction 2020; 158:517-527. [PMID: 31600726 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive aging is characterized by a rise in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels during peri-menopause. N-linked glycans are co-translationally attached to the Asn7 and Asn24 residues on the FSHβ subunit. Differences in the number of N-glycans on the FSHβ subunit result in distinct glycoforms: hypo-glycosylated (FSH21/18, glycans absent on either Asn24 or Asn7, respectively) or fully-glycosylated (FSH24, glycans present on both Asn7 and Asn24). The relative abundance of FSH glycoforms changes with advanced reproductive age, shifting from predominantly FSH21/18 in younger women to FSH24 in older women. Previous in vitro studies in granulosa cell lines and in vivo studies using Fshb-null mice showed these glycoforms elicit differential bioactivities. However, the direct effects of FSH glycoforms on the mouse ovarian follicle have not yet been determined. In this study, we isolated secondary follicles from pre-pubertal mice and treated them with 20- or 100 ng/mL purified recombinant FSH glycoforms for 1 h or 18-20 h. Analysis of phosphorylated PKA substrates showed that glycoforms were bioactive in follicles following 1-h treatment, although differential bioactivity was only observed with the 100 ng/mL dose. Treatment of follicles with 100 ng/mL of each glycoform also induced distinct expression patterns of FSH-responsive genes as assessed by qPCR, consistent with differential function. Our results, therefore, indicate that FSH glycoforms are bioactive in isolated murine follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Li H, Patel V, DiMartino SE, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. An in-depth Comparison of the Pediatric and Adult Urinary N-glycomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1767-1776. [PMID: 32737218 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed an in-depth characterization and comparison of the pediatric and adult urinary glycomes using a nanoLC-MS/MS based glycomics method, which included normal healthy pediatric (1-10 years, n = 21) and adult (21-50 years, n = 22) individuals. A total of 116 N-glycan compositions were identified, and 46 of them could be reproducibly quantified. We performed quantitative comparisons of the 46 glycan compositions between different age and sex groups. The results showed significant quantitative changes between the pediatric and adult cohorts. The pediatric urinary N-glycome was found to contain a higher level of high-mannose (HM), asialylated/afucosylated glycans (excluding HM), neutral fucosylated and agalactosylated glycans, and a lower level of trisialylated glycans compared with the adult. We further analyzed gender-associated glycan changes in the pediatric and adult group, respectively. In the pediatric group, there was almost no difference of glycan levels between males and females. In adult, the majority of glycans were more abundant in males than females, except the high-mannose and tetrasialylated glycans. These findings highlight the importance to consider age-matching and adult sex-matching for urinary glycan studies. The identified normal pediatric and adult urinary glycomes can serve as a baseline reference for comparisons to other disease states affected by glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viral Patel
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon E DiMartino
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John W Froehlich
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Richard S Lee
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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13
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Zariñán T, Butnev VY, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Maravillas-Montero JL, Martínez-Luis I, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Juárez-Vega G, Bousfield GR, Ulloa-Aguirre A. In Vitro Impact of FSH Glycosylation Variants on FSH Receptor-stimulated Signal Transduction and Functional Selectivity. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa019. [PMID: 32342021 PMCID: PMC7175721 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FSH exists as different glycoforms that differ in glycosylation of the hormone-specific β-subunit. Tetra-glycosylated FSH (FSH24) and hypo-glycosylated FSH (FSH18/21) are the most abundant glycoforms found in humans. Employing distinct readouts in HEK293 cells expressing the FSH receptor, we compared signaling triggered by human pituitary FSH preparations (FSH18/21 and FSH24) as well as by equine FSH (eFSH), and human recombinant FSH (recFSH), each exhibiting distinct glycosylation patterns. The potency in eliciting cAMP production was greater for eFSH than for FSH18/21, FSH24, and recFSH, whereas in the ERK1/2 activation readout, potency was highest for FSH18/21 followed by eFSH, recFSH, and FSH24. In β-arrestin1/2 CRISPR/Cas9 HEK293-KO cells, FSH18/21 exhibited a preference toward β-arrestin-mediated ERK1/2 activation as revealed by a drastic decrease in pERK during the first 15-minute exposure to this glycoform. Exposure of β-arrestin1/2 KO cells to H89 additionally decreased pERK1/2, albeit to a significantly lower extent in response to FSH18/21. Concurrent silencing of β-arrestin and PKA signaling, incompletely suppressed pERK response to FSH glycoforms, suggesting that pathways other than those dependent on Gs-protein and β-arrestins also contribute to FSH-stimulated pERK1/2. All FSH glycoforms stimulated intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) accumulation through both influx from Ca2+ channels and release from intracellular stores; however, iCa2+ in response to FSH18/21 depended more on the latter, suggesting differences in mechanisms through which glycoforms promote iCa2+ accumulation. These data indicate that FSH glycosylation plays an important role in defining not only the intensity but also the functional selectivity for the mechanisms leading to activation of distinct signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viktor Y Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Martínez-Luis
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Padmanabhan V, Cardoso RC. Neuroendocrine, autocrine, and paracrine control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110632. [PMID: 31682864 PMCID: PMC7433377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary that plays a central role in controlling ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis in females. Moreover, recent studies strongly suggest that FSH exerts extragonadal actions, particularly regulating bone mass and adiposity. Despite its crucial role, the mechanisms regulating FSH secretion are not completely understood. It is evident that hypothalamic, ovarian, and pituitary factors are involved in the neuroendocrine, paracrine, and autocrine regulation of FSH production. Large animal models, such as the female sheep, represent valuable research models to investigate specific aspects of FSH secretory processes. This review: (i) summarizes the role of FSH controlling reproduction and other biological processes; (ii) discusses the hypothalamic, gonadal, and pituitary regulation of FSH secretion; (iii) considers the biological relevance of the different FSH isoforms; and (iv) summarizes the distinct patterns of FSH secretion under different physiological conditions.
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15
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Larson SB, McPherson A. The crystal structure of the β subunit of luteinizing hormone and a model for the intact hormone. Curr Res Struct Biol 2019; 1:1-5. [PMID: 34235462 PMCID: PMC8244496 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The β subunit of bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) was crystallized and its structure solved to 3.15 Å resolution by molecular replacement using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) β subunit as search model. The asymmetric unit contains two copies of the β subunit that are related by a non-crystallographic symmetry (NCS) two-fold axis, both copies of which contain proteolytic cleavages after amino acid 100. It is noteworthy that the oligosaccharide moieties covalently attached at asparagine 13 were particularly pronounced in the electron density, allowing seven sugar residues to be defined. The α subunit of LH, which is common to all glycosylated gonadotropin hormones, was placed by superposition of hCG on the LH beta subunits, thereby yielding a model for the intact hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B. Larson
- Dept. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander McPherson
- Dept. Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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16
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Ikegami K, Refetoff S, Van Cauter E, Yoshimura T. Interconnection between circadian clocks and thyroid function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019; 15:590-600. [PMID: 31406343 PMCID: PMC7288350 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity is an approximately 24-h cell-autonomous period driven by transcription-translation feedback loops of specific genes, which are referred to as 'circadian clock genes'. In mammals, the central circadian pacemaker, which is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, controls peripheral circadian clocks. The circadian system regulates virtually all physiological processes, which are further modulated by changes in the external environment, such as light exposure and the timing of food intake. Chronic circadian disruption caused by shift work, travel across time zones or irregular sleep-wake cycles has long-term consequences for our health and is an important lifestyle factor that contributes to the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. Although the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is under the control of the circadian clock via the suprachiasmatic nucleus pacemaker, daily TSH secretion profiles are disrupted in some patients with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been recognized as a perturbation of the endocrine system and of cell cycle progression. Expression profiles of circadian clock genes are abnormal in well-differentiated thyroid cancer but not in the benign nodules or a healthy thyroid. Therefore, the characterization of the thyroid clock machinery might improve the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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17
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Weiss NS, Kostova E, Nahuis M, Mol BWJ, van der Veen F, van Wely M. Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 1:CD010290. [PMID: 30648738 PMCID: PMC6353048 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010290.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovulation induction with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a second-line treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who do not ovulate or conceive on clomiphene citrate. OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness and safety of gonadotrophins as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and women who do not ovulate or conceive after clomiphene citrate. SEARCH METHODS In January 2018, we searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register of Controlled Trials, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the World Health Organisation clinical trials register, Clinicaltrials.gov, LILACs, and PubMed databases, and Google Scholar. We checked references of in all obtained studies. We had no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials reporting data on clinical outcomes in women with PCOS who did not ovulate or conceive on clomiphene citrate, and undergoing ovulation induction with urinary-derived gonadotrophins, including urofollitropin (uFSH) in purified FSH (FSH-P) or highly purified FSH (FSH-HP) form, human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophin (HP-HMG), or recombinant FSH (rFSH), or continuing clomiphene citrate. We included trials reporting on ovulation induction followed by intercourse or intrauterine insemination. We excluded studies that described co-treatment with clomiphene citrate, metformin, luteinizing hormone, or letrozole. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors (NW, EK, and MvW) independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias, and extracted study data. Primary outcomes were live birth rate per woman and multiple pregnancy per woman. Secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) per woman, total gonadotrophin dose, and total duration of stimulation per woman. We combined data using a fixed-effect model to calculate the risk ratio (RR). We summarised the overall quality of evidence for the main outcomes using GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS The review included 15 trials with 2387 women. Ten trials compared rFSH with urinary-derived gonadotrophins (three compared rFSH with human menopausal gonadotrophin, and seven compared rFSH with FSH-HP), four trials compared FSH-P with HMG. We found no trials that compared FSH-HP with FSH-P. One trial compared FSH with continued clomiphene citrate.Recombinant FSH (rFSH) versus urinary-derived gonadotrophinsThere may be little or no difference in the birth rate between rFSH and urinary-derived gonadotrophins (RR 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 1.78; five trials, N = 505; I² = 9%; low-quality evidence). This suggests that for the observed average live birth per woman who used urinary-derived FSH of 16%, the chance of live birth with rFSH is between 13% and 28%. There may also be little or no difference between groups in incidence of multiple pregnancy (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.61; eight trials, N = 1368; I² = 0%; low-quality evidence), clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.27; eight trials, N = 1330; I² = 0; low-quality evidence), or miscarriage rate (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.04; seven trials, N = 970; I² = 0; low-quality evidence). We are uncertain whether rFSH reduces the incidence of OHSS (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.65, ten trials, n=1565, I² = 0%, very low-quality evidence).Human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) or HP-HMG versus uFSHWhen compared to uFSH, we are uncertain whether HMG or HP-HMG improves live birth rate (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.65 to 2.52; three trials, N = 138; I² = 0%; very low quality evidence), or reduces multiple pregnancy rate (RR 2.13, 95% CI 0.51 to 8.91; four trials, N = 161; I² = 0%; very low quality evidence). We are also uncertain whether HMG or HP-HMG improves clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.59; three trials, N = 102; I² = 0; very low quality evidence), reduces miscarriage rate (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.06 to 1.97; two trials, N = 98; I² = 0%; very low quality evidence), or reduces the incidence of OHSS (RR 7.07, 95% CI 0.42 to 117.81; two trials, N = 53; very low quality evidence) when compared to uFSH.Gonadotrophins versus continued clomiphene citrateGonadotrophins resulted in more live births than continued clomiphene citrate (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.46; one trial, N = 661; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). This suggests that for a woman with a live birth rate of 41% with continued clomiphene citrate, the live birth rate with FSH was between 43% and 60%. There is probably little or no difference in the incidence of multiple pregnancy between treatments (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.44; one trial, N = 661; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). Gonadotrophins resulted in more clinical pregnancies than continued clomiphene citrate (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.52; one trial, N = 661; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence), and more miscarriages (RR 2.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.47; one trial, N = 661; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence). None of the women developed OHSS. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There may be little or no difference in live birth, incidence of multiple pregnancy, clinical pregnancy rate, or miscarriage rate between urinary-derived gonadotrophins and recombinant follicle stimulating hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. For human menopausal gonadotropin or highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophin versus urinary follicle stimulating hormone we are uncertain whether one or the other improves or lowers live birth, incidence of multiple pregnancy, clinical pregnancy rate, or miscarriage rate. We are uncertain whether any of the interventions reduce the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We suggest weighing costs and convenience in the decision to use one or the other gonadotrophin. In women with clomiphene citrate failure, gonadotrophins resulted in more live births than continued clomiphene citrate without increasing multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke S Weiss
- Amsterdam UMC, Free Medical UniversityCenter for Reproductive MedicineDe Boelelaan 1105AmsterdamNetherlands1081 HV
| | - Elena Kostova
- Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamCenter for Reproductive MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
| | | | - Ben Willem J Mol
- Monash UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology246 Clayton RoadClaytonVictoriaAustralia3168
| | - Fulco van der Veen
- Amsterdan UMC, University of AmsterdamCenter for Reproductive MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamCenter for Reproductive MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
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Campo S, Andreone L, Ambao V, Urrutia M, Calandra RS, Rulli SB. Hormonal Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Glycosylation in Males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:17. [PMID: 30761084 PMCID: PMC6361742 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Follicle-Stimulating Hormone plays an important role in the regulation of gametogenesis. It is synthesized and secreted as a family of glycoforms with differing oligosaccharide structure, biological action, and half-life. The presence of these oligosaccharides is absolutely necessary for the full expression of hormone bioactivity at the level of the target cell. The endocrine milieu modulates the glycosylation of this hormone. During male sexual development a progressive increase in FSH sialylation and in the proportion of glycoforms bearing complex oligosaccharides are the main features in this physiological condition. In late puberty, FSH oligosaccharides are largely processed in the medial- and trans-Golgi cisternae of the gonadotrope and remain without changes throughout adult life. In experimental models, the absence of gonads severely affects FSH sialylation; androgen administration is able to restore the characteristics observed under physiological conditions. The expression of ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 is hormonally regulated in the male rat; it decreases after short periods of castration but increases markedly at longer periods of androgen deprivation. Although ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 3 is expressed in the male rat pituitary it is not influenced by changes in the endocrine milieu. The oligosaccharide structure of FSH has an impact on the Sertoli cell endocrine activity. In more advanced stages of Sertoli cell maturation, both sialylation and complexity of the oligosaccharides are involved in the regulation of inhibin B production; moreover, FSH glycoforms bearing incomplete oligosaccharides may enhance the stimulatory effect exerted by gonadal growth factors. In this review, we discuss available information on variation of FSH glycosylation and its hormonal regulation under different physiological and experimental conditions, as well as the effect on Sertoli cell endocrine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Campo
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Stella Campo
| | - Luz Andreone
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Ambao
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Urrutia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo S. Calandra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana B. Rulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Landomiel F, De Pascali F, Raynaud P, Jean-Alphonse F, Yvinec R, Pellissier LP, Bozon V, Bruneau G, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Reiter E. Biased Signaling and Allosteric Modulation at the FSHR. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30930853 PMCID: PMC6425863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) structure and mechanism of activation has profoundly evolved over the past years. The way drugs targeting this family of receptors are discovered and used has also changed. Ligands appear to bind a growing number of GPCRs in a competitive or allosteric manner to elicit balanced signaling or biased signaling (i.e., differential efficacy in activating or inhibiting selective signaling pathway(s) compared to the reference ligand). These novel concepts and developments transform our understanding of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) biology and the way it could be pharmacologically modulated in the future. The FSHR is expressed in somatic cells of the gonads and plays a major role in reproduction. When compared to classical GPCRs, the FSHR exhibits intrinsic peculiarities, such as a very large NH2-terminal extracellular domain that binds a naturally heterogeneous, large heterodimeric glycoprotein, namely FSH. Once activated, the FSHR couples to Gαs and, in some instances, to other Gα subunits. G protein-coupled receptor kinases and β-arrestins are also recruited to this receptor and account for its desensitization, trafficking, and intracellular signaling. Different classes of pharmacological tools capable of biasing FSHR signaling have been reported and open promising prospects both in basic research and for therapeutic applications. Here we provide an updated review of the most salient peculiarities of FSHR signaling and its selective modulation.
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Issa SMA, Vitiazeva V, Hayes CA, Karlsson NG. Higher Energy Collisional Dissociation Mass Spectrometry of Sulfated O-Linked Oligosaccharides. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3259-3267. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samah M. A. Issa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Varvara Vitiazeva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine A. Hayes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niclas G. Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Association of T/A polymorphism in miR-1302 binding site in CGA gene with male infertility in Isfahan population. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:413-417. [PMID: 29627965 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infertility occurs in 10-15% of couples worldwide and close to half of it is caused by male factors. One of the genes that can affect male infertility is CGA. Polymorphisms in CGA gene may affect gene expression, therefore affecting male infertility by disrupting the regulation of this gene. One of the polymorphisms is the substitution of T with A in the miR-1302 binding site in the 3' untranslated region of the CGA gene. In this study, we explored this polymorphism in Isfahan population. In this case-control study, by the use of Tetra primer-ARMS-PCR technique, rs6631 has been investigated in 224 infertile men and 196 controls. Infertile men were recruited from Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Analysis of genotype and allele frequencies indicated that the differences between case and control populations were significant for rs6631 because P = 0.00 which is above the threshold. We found a significant relationship between this polymorphism and male infertility. This study which performed for the first time in Iran suggests that polymorphism in CGA gene can affect male infertility. Also, this polymorphism has high heterozygosity, so it can be used for further studies in different populations.
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Das N, Kumar TR. Molecular regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone synthesis, secretion and action. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 60:R131-R155. [PMID: 29437880 PMCID: PMC5851872 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays fundamental roles in male and female fertility. FSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein expressed by gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary. The hormone-specific FSHβ-subunit is non-covalently associated with the common α-subunit that is also present in the luteinizing hormone (LH), another gonadotrophic hormone secreted by gonadotrophs and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secreted by thyrotrophs. Several decades of research led to the purification, structural characterization and physiological regulation of FSH in a variety of species including humans. With the advent of molecular tools, availability of immortalized gonadotroph cell lines and genetically modified mouse models, our knowledge on molecular mechanisms of FSH regulation has tremendously expanded. Several key players that regulate FSH synthesis, sorting, secretion and action in gonads and extragonadal tissues have been identified in a physiological setting. Novel post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms have also been identified that provide additional layers of regulation mediating FSH homeostasis. Recombinant human FSH analogs hold promise for a variety of clinical applications, whereas blocking antibodies against FSH may prove efficacious for preventing age-dependent bone loss and adiposity. It is anticipated that several exciting new discoveries uncovering all aspects of FSH biology will soon be forthcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana Das
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
| | - T. Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, U.S.A
- Author for Correspondence: T. Rajendra Kumar, PhD, Edgar L. and Patricia M. Makowski Professor, Associate Vice-Chair of Research, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8613, Research Complex 2, Room # 15-3000B, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA, Tel: 303-724-8689,
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal changes in various physiological events have been reported in humans, including metabolism, immune function, and mood. However, the molecular and endocrine basis of these seasonal changes remains unclear. SUMMARY Animals that breed seasonally, such as Japanese quail and the Siberian hamster, have sophisticated seasonal mechanisms, and hence they provide excellent opportunities to understand the underlying processes. Functional genomic analysis in quail uncovered the photoperiodic signal transduction pathway, which regulates avian seasonal reproduction: a long-day stimulus induces secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) from the pars tuberalis (PT) of the anterior pituitary gland. This PT-derived TSH locally activates thyroid hormone within the hypothalamus, which in turn induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone and then gonadotropin secretion, leading to gonadal growth. CONCLUSIONS Studies using TSH receptor-null mice confirmed the involvement of PT-derived TSH in mammalian seasonal reproduction. The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland is the major source of circulating TSH. Although the pars distalis and PT are in close proximity, tissue-specific glycosylation of circulating TSH alters its function to avoid cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
- 2 Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
- 2 Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki, Japan
- 3 Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Chen JY, Huang HH, Yu SY, Wu SJ, Kannagi R, Khoo KH. Concerted mass spectrometry-based glycomic approach for precision mapping of sulfo sialylated N-glycans on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Glycobiology 2017; 28:9-20. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-You Chen
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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25
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Ikegami K, Yoshimura T. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and biological rhythms: The discovery of TSH's unexpected role using animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 31:475-485. [PMID: 29223282 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are important for development, growth, and metabolism. It is also clear that the synthesis and secretion of TH are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Animal models have helped advance our understanding of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of TH. The animals' bodies develop through coordinated timing of cell division and differentiation. Studies of frog metamorphosis led to the discovery of TH and their role in development. However, to adapt to rhythmic environmental changes, animals also developed various endocrine rhythms. Studies of rodents clarified the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the circadian regulation of the HPT axis. Moreover, birds have a sophisticated seasonal adaptation mechanism, and recent studies of quail revealed unexpected roles for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and TH in the seasonal regulation of reproduction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved in mammals. Thus, we review how animal studies have shaped our general understanding of the HPT axis in relation to biological rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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26
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Abd-Elaziz K, Duijkers I, Stöckl L, Dietrich B, Klipping C, Eckert K, Goletz S. A new fully human recombinant FSH (follitropin epsilon): two phase I randomized placebo and comparator-controlled pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic trials. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1639-1647. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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27
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Ribela MTCP, Damiani R, Silva FD, Lima ER, Oliveira JE, Peroni CN, Torjesen PA, Soares CR, Bartolini P. N-Glycoprofiling Analysis for Carbohydrate Composition and Site-Occupancy Determination in a Poly-Glycosylated Protein: Human Thyrotropin of Different Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020131. [PMID: 28165356 PMCID: PMC5343769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the α-subunit and one in the β-subunit. These sites are not always occupied and occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even though it is related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation and host defense, as well as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). For the first time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to the site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three recombinant preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. A single methodology provided the: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; and (iii) percent carbohydrate. The results indicate that the occupancy (65%–87%) and carbohydrate mass (12%–19%) can be up to 34%–57% higher in recombinant hormones. The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ~3-fold fewer moles of galactose (p < 0.005) and sialic acid (p < 0.01). One of the two native preparations, which had the smallest glycan mass together with the lowest occupancy and GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. The methodology described, comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa C P Ribela
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Damiani
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe D Silva
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eliana R Lima
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - João E Oliveira
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cibele N Peroni
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter A Torjesen
- Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Carlos R Soares
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP-Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242-Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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Núñez Miguel R, Sanders J, Furmaniak J, Rees Smith B. Glycosylation pattern analysis of glycoprotein hormones and their receptors. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:25-41. [PMID: 27875255 DOI: 10.1530/jme-16-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have studied glycosylation patterns in glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) and glycoprotein hormone receptor (GPHR) extracellular domains (ECD) from different species to identify areas not glycosylated that could be involved in intermolecular or intramolecular interactions. Comparative models of the structure of the TSHR ECD in complex with TSH and in complex with TSHR autoantibodies (M22, stimulating and K1-70, blocking) were obtained based on the crystal structures of the FSH-FSHR ECD, M22-TSHR leucine-rich repeat domain (LRD) and K1-70-TSHR LRD complexes. The glycosylation sites of the GPHRs and GPHs from all species studied were mapped on the model of the human TSH TSHR ECD complex. The areas on the surfaces of GPHs that are known to interact with their receptors are not glycosylated and two areas free from glycosylation, not involved in currently known interactions, have been identified. The concave faces of GPHRs leucine-rich repeats 3-7 are free from glycosylation, consistent with known interactions with the hormones. In addition, four other non-glycosylated areas have been identified, two located on the receptors' convex surfaces, one in the long loop of the hinge regions and one at the C-terminus of the extracellular domains. Experimental evidence suggests that the non-glycosylated areas identified on the hormones and receptors are likely to be involved in forming intramolecular or intermolecular interactions.
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29
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Wang H, May J, Butnev V, Shuai B, May JV, Bousfield GR, Kumar TR. Evaluation of in vivo bioactivities of recombinant hypo- (FSH 21/18) and fully- (FSH 24) glycosylated human FSH glycoforms in Fshb null mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:224-236. [PMID: 27561202 PMCID: PMC5048586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The hormone - specific FSHβ subunit of the human FSH heterodimer consists of N-linked glycans at Asn7 and Asn24 residues that are co-translationally attached early during subunit biosynthesis. Differences in the number of N-glycans (none, one or two) on the human FSHβ subunit contribute to macroheterogeneity in the FSH heterodimer. The resulting FSH glycoforms are termed hypo-glycosylated (FSH21/18, missing either an Asn24 or Asn7 N-glycan chain on the β - subunit, respectively) or fully glycosylated (FSH24, possessing of both Asn7 and Asn24 N-linked glycans on the β - subunit) FSH. The recombinant versions of human FSH glycoforms (FSH21/18 and FSH24) have been purified and biochemically characterized. In vitro functional studies have indicated that FSH21/18 exhibits faster FSH- receptor binding kinetics and is much more active than FSH24 in every assay tested to date. However, the in vivo bioactivity of the hypo-glycosylated FSH glycoform has never been tested. Here, we evaluated the in vivo bioactivities of FSH glycoforms in Fshb null mice using a pharmacological rescue approach. In Fshb null female mice, both hypo- and fully-glycosylated FSH elicited an ovarian weight gain response by 48 h and induced ovarian genes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantification by real time qPCR assays indicated that hypo-glycosylated FSH21/18 was bioactive in vivo and induced FSH-responsive ovarian genes similar to fully-glycosylated FSH24. Western blot analyses followed by densitometry of key signaling components downstream of the FSH-receptor confirmed that the hypo-glycosylated FSH21/18 elicited a response similar to that by fully-glycosylated FSH24 in ovaries of Fshb null mice. When injected into Fshb null males, hypo-glycosylated FSH21/18 was more active than the fully-glycosylated FSH24 in inducing FSH-responsive genes and Sertoli cell proliferation. Thus, our data establish that recombinant hypo-glycosylated human FSH21/18 glycoform elicits bioactivity in vivo similar to the fully-glycosylated FSH. Our studies may have clinical implications particularly in formulating FSH-based ovarian follicle induction protocols using a combination of different human FSH glycoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jacob May
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Viktor Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Bin Shuai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - Jeffrey V May
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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30
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Takahashi A, Kanda S, Abe T, Oka Y. Evolution of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis Regulation in Vertebrates Revealed by Knockout Medaka. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3994-4002. [PMID: 27560548 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reproduction is essential for life, but its regulatory mechanism is diverse. The analysis of this diversity should lead us to understand the evolutionary process of the regulation of reproduction. In mammals, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis plays an essential role in such regulation, and each component, hypothalamic GnRH, and pituitary gonadotropins, LH, and FSH, is indispensable. However, the common principle of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis regulation among vertebrates remains unclear. Here, we used a teleost medaka, which is phylogenetically distant from mammals, and analyzed phenotypes of gene knockouts (KOs) for GnRH, LH, and FSH. We showed that LH release, which we previously showed to be directly triggered by GnRH, is essential for ovulation in females, because KO medaka of GnRH and LH were anovulatory in spite of the full follicular growth and normal gonadosomatic index, and spawning could be induced by a medaka LH receptor agonist. On the other hand, we showed that FSH is necessary for the folliculogenesis, because the follicular growth of FSH KO medaka was halted at the previtellogenic stage, but FSH release does not necessarily require GnRH. By comparing these results with the previous studies in mammals that both GnRH and LH are necessary for folliculogenesis, we propose a hypothesis as follows. During evolution, LH was originally specialized for ovulation, and regulation of folliculogenesis by GnRH-LH (pulsatile release) was newly acquired in mammals, which enabled fine tuning of reproduction through hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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31
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Mi Y, Coonce M, Fiete D, Steirer L, Dveksler G, Townsend RR, Baenziger JU. Functional Consequences of Mannose and Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Ablation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18700-17. [PMID: 27405760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor (ManR, Mrc1) and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR, Asgr1 and Asgr2) are highly abundant endocytic receptors expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells and parenchymal cells in the liver, respectively. We genetically manipulated either receptor individually or in combination, revealing phenotypic changes in female and male mice associated with changes in circulating levels of many glycoproteins. Both receptors rise and fall in response to progesterone during pregnancy. Thirty percent of Asgr2(-/-) and 65% of Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice are unable to initiate parturition at the end of pregnancy, whereas Mrc1(-/-) mice initiate normally. Twenty five percent of Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) male mice develop priapism when mating due to thrombosis of the penile vein, but neither Mrc1(-/-) nor Asgr2(-/-) mice do so. The half-life for luteinizing hormone (LH) clearance increases in Mrc1(-/-) and Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice but not in Asgr2(-/-) mice; however, LH and testosterone are elevated in all three knockouts. The ManR clears LH thus regulating testosterone production, whereas the ASGR appears to mediate clearance of an unidentified glycoprotein that increases LH levels. More than 40 circulating glycoproteins are elevated >3.0-fold in pregnant Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 23, undetectable in WT mice (<50 ng/ml plasma), reaches levels of 1-10 mg/ml in the plasma of Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) and Asgr2(-/-) mice, indicating it is cleared by the ASGR. Elevation of multiple coagulation factors in Mrc1(-/-)Asgr2(-/-) mice may account for priapism seen in males. These male and female phenotypic changes underscore the key roles of the ManR and ASGR in controlling circulating levels of numerous glycoproteins critical for regulating reproductive hormones and blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Mi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Marcy Coonce
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Dorothy Fiete
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Lindsay Steirer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - R Reid Townsend
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jacques U Baenziger
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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32
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Wang H, Butnev V, Bousfield GR, Kumar TR. A human FSHB transgene encoding the double N-glycosylation mutant (Asn(7Δ) Asn(24Δ)) FSHβ subunit fails to rescue Fshb null mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:113-24. [PMID: 26911932 PMCID: PMC5130991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotrope-derived heterodimeric glycoprotein. Both the common α- and hormone-specific β subunits contain Asn-linked N-glycan chains. Recently, macroheterogeneous FSH glycoforms consisting of β-subunits that differ in N-glycan number were identified in pituitaries of several species and subsequently the recombinant human FSH glycoforms biochemically characterized. Although chemical modification and in vitro site-directed mutagenesis studies defined the roles of N-glycans on gonadotropin subunits, in vivo functional analyses in a whole-animal setting are lacking. Here, we have generated transgenic mice with gonadotrope-specific expression of either an HFSHB(WT) transgene that encodes human FSHβ WT subunit or an HFSHB(dgc) transgene that encodes a human FSHβ(Asn7Δ 24Δ) double N-glycosylation site mutant subunit, and separately introduced these transgenes onto Fshb null background using a genetic rescue strategy. We demonstrate that the human FSHβ(Asn7Δ 24Δ) double N-glycosylation site mutant subunit, unlike human FSHβ WT subunit, inefficiently combines with the mouse α-subunit in pituitaries of Fshb null mice. FSH dimer containing this mutant FSHβ subunit is inefficiently secreted with very low levels detectable in serum. Fshb null male mice expressing HFSHB(dgc) transgene are fertile and exhibit testis tubule size and sperm number similar to those of Fshb null mice. Fshb null female mice expressing the mutant, but not WT human FSHβ subunit-containing FSH dimer are infertile, demonstrate no evidence of estrus cycles, and many of the FSH-responsive genes remain suppressed in their ovaries. Thus, HFSHB(dgc) unlike HFSHB(WT) transgene does not rescue Fshb null mice. Our genetic approach provides direct in vivo evidence that N-linked glycans on FSHβ subunit are essential for its efficient assembly with the α-subunit to form FSH heterodimer in pituitary. Our studies also reveal that N-glycans on FSHβ subunit are essential for FSH secretion and FSH in vivo bioactivity to regulate gonadal growth and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
| | - Vladimir Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology; Center for Reproductive Sciences, Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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33
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Ikegami K, Yoshimura T. Comparative analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of vertebrate seasonal reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 227:64-8. [PMID: 26050562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals utilize photoperiodic changes as a calendar to regulate seasonal reproduction. Birds have highly sophisticated photoperiodic mechanisms and functional genomics analysis in quail uncovered the signal transduction pathway regulating avian seasonal reproduction. Birds detect light with deep brain photoreceptors. Long day (LD) stimulus induces secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland. PT-derived TSH locally activates thyroid hormone (TH) in the hypothalamus, which induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and hence gonadotropin secretion. However, during winter, low temperatures increase serum TH for adaptive thermogenesis, which accelerates germ cell apoptosis by activating the genes involved in metamorphosis. Therefore, TH has a dual role in the regulation of seasonal reproduction. Studies using TSH receptor knockout mice confirmed the involvement of PT-derived TSH in mammalian seasonal reproduction. In addition, studies in mice revealed that the tissue-specific glycosylation of TSH diversifies its function in the circulation to avoid crosstalk. In contrast to birds and mammals, one of the molecular machineries necessary for the seasonal reproduction of fish are localized in the saccus vasculosus from the photoreceptor to the neuroendocrine output. Thus, comparative analysis is a powerful tool to uncover the universality and diversity of fundamental properties in various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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Montero-Pardo A, Diaz D, Olivares A, González-Padilla E, Murcia C, Gómez-Chavarín M, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Perera-Marín G. Effect of ovine luteinizing hormone (oLH) charge isoforms on VEGF and cAMP production. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 163:35-47. [PMID: 26507528 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although an increase in VEGF expression and synthesis in association with LH has been established; it is unknown if all LH isoforms act similarly. This study evaluated the production of cAMP and VEGF among LH isoforms in two in vitro bioassays. The LH was obtained from hypophyses and the group of isoforms was isolated by chromatofocusing. cAMP production was assessed using the in vitro bioassay of HEK-293 cells and VEGF production was evaluated in granulosa cells. Immunological activity was measured with a homologous RIA. Immunoactivity and bioactivity for each isoform were compared against a standard, by estimating the IC50 and the EC50. The basic isoforms were more immunoactive than the standard. The neutral and the moderately acidic had an immunological activity similar to the standard. The acidic isoform was the least immunoreactive. cAMP production at the EC50 dose was similar among the basic isoforms, the moderately acidic and the standard; for the neutral and the acidic, the EC50 dose was higher. It was observed that compared with the control, VEGF production at the lowest LH dose was no different in the standard and each isoform. In the intermediate dose, a positive response was caused in the standard and the neutral and basic isoforms. Although the acidic isoform showed a dose-dependent response, it was not significant relative to the control. In conclusion, the basic isoform generated the greatest cAMP and VEGF production, similar to the reference standard, and the acidic the smallest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Montero-Pardo
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Aleida Olivares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Medicina Reproductiva, UMAE Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, IMSS, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Everardo González-Padilla
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Clara Murcia
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Gómez-Chavarín
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Perera-Marín
- Departamento de Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Weiss NS, Nahuis M, Bayram N, Mol BWJ, Van der Veen F, van Wely M. Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015:CD010290. [PMID: 26350625 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010290.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovulation induction with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is the second-line treatment in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who do not ovulate or conceive on clomiphene citrate (CC). OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness and safety of gonadotrophins as a second-line treatment for ovulation induction in women with CC-resistant PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Menstrual Disorders & Subfertility Group's Specialist Register of controlled trials, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE (1966 to October 2014), EMBASE (1980 to October 2014), CINAHL (1982 to October 2014), National Research Register and web-based trials databases such as Current Controlled Trials. There was no language restriction. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials reporting data on comparing clinical outcomes in women with PCOS who did not ovulate or conceive on CC, and undergoing ovulation induction with urinary FSH (uFSH: FSH-P or FSH-HP), HMG/HP-HMG or recombinant FSH. We included trials reporting on ovulation induction followed by intercourse or intrauterine insemination. We excluded studies that used co-treatment with CC, metformin, LH or letrozole. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors (NW, MN and MvW) independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed study quality and extracted study data. Primary outcomes were live birth rate per woman (effectiveness outcome) and incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) per woman (safety outcome). Secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, total gonadotrophin dose and total duration of stimulation per woman. We combined data using a fixed-effect model to calculate the odds ratio (OR). We summarised the overall quality of evidence for the main outcomes using GRADE criteria. MAIN RESULTS The review includes 14 trials with 1726 women. Ten trials compared rFSH versus urinary-derived gonadotrophins (three rFSH versus HMG and seven rFSH versus FSH-HP), four trials compared FSH-P with HMG. We found no trials that compared FSH-HP with FSH-P.We found no evidence of a difference in live birth for rFSH versus urinary-derived gonadotrophins (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.99, 5 trials, 505 women, I² = 0%, low-quality evidence) or clinical pregnancy rate (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.39, 8 trials, 1330 women, I² = 0, low-quality evidence). This suggests that for the observed average live birth per woman with urinary-derived FSH of 16%, the chance of live birth following rFSH is between 13% and 26%.For the comparison HMG or HP-HMG versus FSH-P there was also no difference in the evidence on live birth rate (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.58 to 3.18, 3 trials, 138 women, I² = 0%, low-quality evidence). This suggests that for a woman with a live birth rate of 18% with HMG or HP-HMG, the chance of live birth following uFSH is between 9% and 37%.Trial authors used various definitions for OHSS. Pooling the data, we found no evidence of a difference for rFSH versus urinary-derived gonadotrophins (OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.84, 10 trials, 1565 women, I(2) = 0%, very low-quality evidence) and for HMG or HP-HMG versus FSH-P (OR 9.95, 95% CI 0.47 to 210.19, 2 trials, 53 women, I² = 0%, very low-quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In women with PCOS and CC resistance or CC failure, we found no evidence of a difference in live birth and OHSS rates between urinary-derived gonadotrophins and rFSH or HMG/HP-HMG. Evidence for all outcomes was of low or very low quality. We suggest weighing costs and convenience in the decision to use one or the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke S Weiss
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Free Medical University, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1081 HV
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Nahuis M, Bayram N, Van der Veen F, van Wely M. WITHDRAWN: Recombinant FSH versus urinary gonadotrophins or recombinant FSH for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015:CD002121. [PMID: 26299778 PMCID: PMC10734271 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002121.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This review has been replaced by a review entitled 'Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome'. The editorial group responsible for this previously published document have withdrawn it from publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neriman Bayram
- Zaans Medisch CentrumDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecologykoningin Julianaplein 58ZaandamNetherlands1502 DV
| | - Fulco Van der Veen
- Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamCenter for Reproductive MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
| | - Madelon van Wely
- Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamCenter for Reproductive MedicineMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamNetherlands1105 AZ
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Jung S, Park Y, Kim Y, Kim YY, Choi HJ, Son WC, Kwon S. LAPS-FSH: a new and effective long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone analogue for the treatment of infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:1142-53. [PMID: 24044514 DOI: 10.1071/rd13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) therapies have been developed to enhance the ovarian response, a disadvantage of FSH therapy is its relatively short half-life, which requires women to receive one to two injections per day for almost 2 weeks. In the present study, we developed a novel FSH analogue by conjugating recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) and the constant region of the human immunoglobulin G4 fragment via non-peptidyl linkers. The efficacy of the FSH analogue was evaluated in vitro by cAMP level assessments, pharmacokinetic studies and a determination of ovarian weight and by comparing these findings with the results from other FSH analogues. In addition, the total number of antral and Graafian follicles was determined after 7 days of treatment with control, 6µgkg(-1) follitropin β, 6, 12 or 42µgkg(-1) corifollitropin α or 3, 6 or 12µgkg(-1) long acting protein/peptide discovery-follicle-stimulating hormone (LAPS-FSH). As a result, the animals treated with 12µgkg(-1) LAPS-FSH produced additional and larger healthy follicles. These data demonstrate that LAPS-FSH promotes growth and inhibits atresia of the ovarian follicle compared with other available drugs, suggesting that our new drug enhances the efficacy and duration of treatment. It is expected that our new FSH analogue will result in a higher chance of pregnancy in patients who are unresponsive to other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Youngjin Park
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| | - YoungHoon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| | - Yu Yon Kim
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - SeChang Kwon
- Hanmi Research Center, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 445-813, Korea
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Xiong X, Zhong A, Xu H. Effect of cyanotoxins on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male adult mouse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106585. [PMID: 25375936 PMCID: PMC4222826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcystins LR (MC-LR) are hepatotoxic cyanotoxins that have been shown to induce reproductive toxicity, and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPG) is responsible for the control of reproductive functions. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of MC-LR on HPG axis. This study aimed to investigate the MC-LR-induced toxicity in the reproductive system of mouse and focus on the HPG axis. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to various concentrations of MC-LR (0, 3.75, 7.50, 15.00 and 30.00 µg/kg body weight per day) for 1 to 14 days, and it was found that exposure to different concentrations of MC-LR significantly disturbed sperm production in the mice testes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To elucidate the associated possible mechanisms, the serum levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assessed. Meanwhile, PCR assays were employed to detect alterations in a series of genes involved in HPG axis, such as FSH, LH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and their complement receptors. Furthermore, the effect of MC-LR on the viability and testosterone production of Leydig cells were tested in vitro. RESULTS MC-LR significantly impaired the spermatogenesis of mice possibly through the direct or indirect inhibition of GnRH synthesis at the hypothalamic level, which resulted in reduction of serum levels of LH that lead to suppression of testosterone production in the testis of mice. CONCLUSIONS MC-LR may be a GnRH toxin that would disrupt the reproductive system of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anyuan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ikegami K, Liao XH, Hoshino Y, Ono H, Ota W, Ito Y, Nishiwaki-Ohkawa T, Sato C, Kitajima K, Iigo M, Shigeyoshi Y, Yamada M, Murata Y, Refetoff S, Yoshimura T. Tissue-specific posttranslational modification allows functional targeting of thyrotropin. Cell Rep 2014; 9:801-10. [PMID: 25437536 PMCID: PMC4251493 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; thyrotropin) is a glycoprotein secreted from the pituitary gland. Pars distalis-derived TSH (PD-TSH) stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones (THs), whereas pars tuberalis-derived TSH (PT-TSH) acts on the hypothalamus to regulate seasonal physiology and behavior. However, it had not been clear how these two TSHs avoid functional crosstalk. Here, we show that this regulation is mediated by tissue-specific glycosylation. Although PT-TSH is released into the circulation, it does not stimulate the thyroid gland. PD-TSH is known to have sulfated biantennary N-glycans, and sulfated TSH is rapidly metabolized in the liver. In contrast, PT-TSH has sialylated multibranched N-glycans; in the circulation, it forms the macro-TSH complex with immunoglobulin or albumin, resulting in the loss of its bioactivity. Glycosylation is fundamental to a wide range of biological processes. This report demonstrates its involvement in preventing functional crosstalk of signaling molecules in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ikegami
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yuta Hoshino
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Ota
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuka Ito
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Taeko Nishiwaki-Ohkawa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Laboratory of Animal Cell Function, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center and Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iigo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, C-Bio, and CORE, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Shigeyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Murata
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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Borromeo V, Berrini A, De Grandi F, Cremonesi F, Fiandanese N, Pocar P, Secchi C. A novel monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine luteinizing hormone in bovine plasma. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 48:145-57. [PMID: 24906940 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determining luteinizing hormone (LH) in bovine plasma is described. Anti-bovine LH (bLH) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced and characterized. One mAb recognizing the bLH β subunit was used for immunoaffinity purification of substantial amounts of biologically active bLH from pituitary glands. The purified bLH in combination with 2 anti-bLH β subunit mAbs was used to develop a sandwich ELISA, which satisfied all the criteria required to investigate LH secretory patterns in the bovine species. The ELISA standard curve was linear over the range 0.05 to 2.5 ng/mL, and the assay proved suitable for measuring bLH in plasma without any prior treatment of samples. Cross-reactivity and recovery tests confirmed the specificity of the method. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation ranged between 3.41% and 9.40%, and 9.29% and 15.84%, respectively. The analytical specificity of the method was validated in vivo by provocative tests for LH in heifers, using the LH releasing peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone. In conclusion, the adoption of mAbs for this ELISA for coating the wells and labeling, combined with the easy one-step production of reference bLH, ensures long-term continuity in large-scale measurements of LH in the bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Borromeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Berrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - F De Grandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - F Cremonesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - N Fiandanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - P Pocar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - C Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
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Gabay R, Rozen S, Samokovlisky A, Amor Y, Rosenfeld R, Kohen F, Amsterdam A, Berger P, Ben-Menahem D. The role of the 3' region of mammalian gonadotropin β subunit gene in the luteinizing hormone to chorionic gonadotropin evolution. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:781-90. [PMID: 24239648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CGβ subunits comprise a unique carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) that has multiple O-linked glycans and extends serum half-life of the protein. It has evolved by incorporating a previously untranslated region of the LHβ gene into the reading frame. Although CTP-like sequences are encrypted in the LHβ genes of several mammals, the CGβ subunit developed only in primates and equids. To study this restriction in evolution, we examined whether the cryptic CTP decoded from the bovine LHβ gene (boCTP) possesses key characteristics of the human (h) CGβ-CTP. The boCTP does not impede several crucial aspects of hormone biosynthesis, but compared to the hCGβ-CTP, the stretch lacks O-glycans and determinants for circulatory survival. O-glycan deficiency and the associated incapacity to extend serum half-life is a major drawback of the boCTP. This may explain why LH did not evolve into CG in ruminants and consequently alternative mechanisms evolved to delay luteolysis early in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Gabay
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shelly Rozen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Fortune Kohen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Abraham Amsterdam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Peter Berger
- Endocrinology Unit, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ben-Menahem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Park A, Honey DM, Hou L, Bird JJ, Zarazinski C, Searles M, Braithwaite C, Kingsbury JS, Kyazike J, Culm-Merdek K, Greene B, Stefano JE, Qiu H, McPherson JM, Pan CQ. Carbohydrate-mediated polyethylene glycol conjugation of TSH improves its pharmacological properties. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1373-83. [PMID: 23389953 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa for injection), recombinant human TSH (rhTSH), has been successfully used to enhance diagnostic radioiodine scanning and thyroglobulin testing in the follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer and as an adjunctive treatment for radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation. However, the short half-life of rhTSH in the circulation requires a multidose regimen. We developed novel sialic acid-mediated and galactose-mediated conjugation chemistries for targeting polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the three N-linked glycosylation sites on the protein, to prolong plasma half-life by eliminating kidney filtration and potential carbohydrate-mediated clearance. Conjugates of different PEG sizes and copy numbers were screened for reaction yield, TSH receptor binding, and murine phamacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies. The best performing of these products, a 40-kDa mono-PEGylated sialic acid-mediated conjugate, exhibited a 3.5-fold longer duration of action than rhTSH in rats, as a 5-fold lower affinity was more than compensated by a 23-fold extension of circulation half-life. Biochemical characterization confirmed conjugation through the sialic acids. Correlation of PEG distribution on the three N-linked glycosylation sites and the PEG effect on receptor binding supported the previously reported structure-function relationship of rhTSH glycosylation. This long-acting rhTSH has the potential to significantly improve patient convenience and provider flexibility while reducing potential side effects associated with a sudden elevation of serum TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Park
- Genzyme Corp., a Sanofi Company, Framingham, MA 01701, USA.
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Dietrich JW, Landgrafe G, Fotiadou EH. TSH and Thyrotropic Agonists: Key Actors in Thyroid Homeostasis. J Thyroid Res 2012; 2012:351864. [PMID: 23365787 PMCID: PMC3544290 DOI: 10.1155/2012/351864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides the reader with an overview of our current knowledge of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid feedback from a cybernetic standpoint. Over the past decades we have gained a plethora of information from biochemical, clinical, and epidemiological investigation, especially on the role of TSH and other thyrotropic agonists as critical components of this complex relationship. Integrating these data into a systems perspective delivers new insights into static and dynamic behaviour of thyroid homeostasis. Explicit usage of this information with mathematical methods promises to deliver a better understanding of thyrotropic feedback control and new options for personalised diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction and targeted therapy, also by permitting a new perspective on the conundrum of the TSH reference range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W. Dietrich
- Lab XU44, Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum (UK RUB), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, NRW, Germany
| | - Gabi Landgrafe
- Lab XU44, Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum (UK RUB), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, NRW, Germany
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Visceralchirurgie, Agaplesion Bethesda Krankenhaus Wuppertal gGmbH, Hainstraße 35, 42109 Wuppertal, NRW, Germany
| | - Elisavet H. Fotiadou
- Lab XU44, Medical Hospital I, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum (UK RUB), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, NRW, Germany
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Priming mass spectrometry-based sulfoglycomic mapping for identification of terminal sulfated lacdiNAc glycotope. Glycoconj J 2012; 30:183-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nagorny P, Sane N, Fasching B, Aussedat B, Danishefsky SJ. Probing the frontiers of glycoprotein synthesis: the fully elaborated β-subunit of the human follicle-stimulating hormone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:975-9. [PMID: 22162182 PMCID: PMC3285374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bernhard Fasching
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027(USA), Fax: (+1)212-772-8691
| | - Baptiste Aussedat
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027(USA), Fax: (+1)212-772-8691
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027(USA), Fax: (+1)212-772-8691
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Nagorny P, Sane N, Fasching B, Aussedat B, Danishefsky SJ. Probing the Frontiers of Glycoprotein Synthesis: The Fully Elaborated β-Subunit of the Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ulloa-Aguirre A, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Maurel MC, Reiter E. Novel pathways in gonadotropin receptor signaling and biased agonism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2011; 12:259-74. [PMID: 21526415 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-011-9176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins play a central role in the control of male and female reproduction. Selective agonists and antagonists of gonadotropin receptors would be of great interest for the treatment of infertility or as non steroidal contraceptive. However, to date, only native hormones are being used in assisted reproduction technologies as there is no pharmacological agent available to manipulate gonadotropin receptors. Over the last decade, there has been a growing perception of the complexity associated with gonadotropin receptors' cellular signaling. It is now clear that the Gs/cAMP/PKA pathway is not the sole mechanism that must be taken into account in order to understand these hormones' biological actions. In parallel, consistent with the emerging paradigm of biased agonism, several examples of ligand-mediated selective signaling pathway activation by gonadotropin receptors have been reported. Small molecule ligands, modulating antibodies interacting with the hormones and glycosylation variants of the native glycoproteins have all demonstrated their potential to trigger such selective signaling. Altogether, the available data and emerging concepts give rise to intriguing opportunities towards a more efficient control of reproductive function and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Kenny DT, Issa SMA, Karlsson NG. Sulfate migration in oligosaccharides induced by negative ion mode ion trap collision-induced dissociation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2611-8. [PMID: 23657955 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Migration of sulfate groups between hydroxyl groups was identified after collision-induced dissociation (CID) of sulfated oligosaccharides in an ion trap mass spectrometer in negative ion mode. Analysis of various sulfated oligosaccharides showed that this was a common phenomenon and was particularly prominent in sulfated oligosaccharides also containing sialic acid. It was also shown that the level of migration was increased when the sulfate was positioned on the flexible areas of the oligosaccharides not involved in the pyranose ring, such as the extra-cyclic C-6 carbon of hexoses or N-acetylhexosamines, or on reduced oligosaccharide. This suggested that migration is dependent on the spatial availability of the sulfate in the ion trap during collision. It is proposed that the migration is initiated when the negatively charged -SO3 (-) residue attached to the oligosaccharide precursor becomes protonated by a CID-induced proton transfer. This is supported by the CID fragmentation of precursor ions depleted of acidic protons such as doubly charged [M - 2H](2-) ions or the sodiated [M + Na - 2H](-) ions of oligosaccharides containing one sulfate and one sialic acid in the same molecule. Compared to the CID fragmentation of their monocharged [M - H](-) ions, no migration was observed in CID of proton depleted precursors. Alternative fragmentation parameters to suppress migration of sulfated oligosaccharides also showed that it was not present when sulfated oligosaccharides were fragmented by HCD (High-Energy C-trap Dissociation) in an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diarmuid T Kenny
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Reinfelder J, Maschauer S, Foss CA, Nimmagadda S, Fremont V, Wolf V, Weintraub BD, Pomper MG, Szkudlinski MW, Kuwert T, Prante O. Effects of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone superagonists on thyroidal uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and radioiodide. Thyroid 2011; 21:783-92. [PMID: 21568725 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2010.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superagonist analogs of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (hTSH) may stimulate the uptake of (131)I-iodide and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) in thyroid carcinomas to a greater degree than hTSH. We herein report the potency and efficacy of two hTSH analogs, TR1401 and TR1402, to stimulate radioiodide and (18)F-FDG uptake in FRTL-5 cells and compared the effects of hTSH and TR1401 on radioiodide uptake in the thyroid in vivo in mice. METHODS The effects of hTSH analogs on intracellular levels of cAMP, uptake of (131)I-iodide, and (18)F-FDG were studied in FRTL-5 cells to determine the stimulatory potency and efficacy of the compounds by calculating half-maximum effective concentration (EC(50)) values and maximal stimulatory effects (E(max)). Biodistribution studies (n = 96) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging studies (single animals) on thyroid (125)I/(124)I-iodide uptake were performed with T3-suppressed CD-1 mice in a dose-dependent manner (3, 10, and 30 μg/animal). RESULTS The EC(50) values of TR1401 and TR1402 demonstrated a 90-fold or 800-fold higher potency for their capacity to increase intracellular cAMP levels in comparison with hTSH (p < 0.05). Similar results were demonstrated for the stimulation of (18)F-FDG uptake. Bovine TSH, TR1401, and TR1402 were 85%-490% more potent to increase iodide uptake than hTSH (p < 0.05). TR1402 was 30% more efficacious to stimulate iodide uptake than hTSH. The agonist-induced increase in radiotracer uptake was paralleled by increases in NIS and GLUT-1 expression. Ex vivo biodistribution studies showed an increased iodide uptake in the thyroid of TR1401-treated mice at the low dose of 3 μg/animal in comparison with hTSH-treated mice (n = 16, p < 0.05). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging studies confirmed the increased thyroidal iodide uptake in TR1401-treated mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TR1401 and TR1402 have considerably higher potency than hTSH to stimulate thyroidal iodide and (18)F-FDG uptake in vitro. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that at low but not higher doses, TR1401 induced an enhanced ability for the thyroid to concentrate iodide compared with hTSH. These properties makes TR1401 and TR1402 interesting candidates for use in humans to enhance uptake of radioiodine and (18)F-FDG by metastases and recurrences of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reinfelder
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Su D, Yang Y, Bai G, Tao D, Ma Y, Zhang S. A single nucleotide polymorphism in a miR-1302 binding site in CGA increases the risk of idiopathic male infertility. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:34-39.e7. [PMID: 21601192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the miRNA-binding sites of spermatogenesis-related genes and idiopathic infertility in humans. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Research laboratory of a university hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 494 patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia and 357 fertile controls were included in our study. INTERVENTION(S) The 3' untranslated region sequences of 140 candidate genes for male infertility were analyzed using specialized algorithms including Pictar, miRanda, Targetscan, and RNAhybrid and 39 SNPs located at putative miRNA-binding sites were identified. The possible association of 6 putatively functional SNPs and male infertility was explored further with the use of case-control studies. The function of SNPs significantly associated with male infertility was analyzed by dual luciferase assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Significantly associated SNPs and their influence on gene expression. RESULT(S) Two SNPs from two genes (rs6631 of CGA and rs2303846 of CPEB1) were found to be associated with idiopathic male infertility. Functionally, the substitution of A by T in rs6631 results in decreased binding affinity of miR-1302 and overexpression of CGA in vitro. CONCLUSION(S) Our results reveal for the first time that SNPs residing in miRNA-binding sites of CGA could influence expression of CGA and elevate the risk of spermatogenesis impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Human Morbid Genomics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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