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Jouini J, Besbes N, Sadok S, Gargouri L. Does Anisakis spp. infestation affect the proximate composition, fatty acids, and minerals contents of its host Merluccius merlucccius? Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3053-3062. [PMID: 37806979 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish play an important role in human nutrition. They are not only a great source of protein and healthy fats, but also a unique source of essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, most fish are parasitized, and some of these parasites are able to influence the reallocation of resources in their favor and thus reduce the nutritional quality of the fish. The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of the third stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis spp. on the proximate composition, macro-minerals (potassium, calcium, and sodium), and fatty acids of European hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758). In parasitized female group, our results revealed a decrease (p< 0.005) in the amount of carbohydrate by 6.5%, of calcium by 17%, and of 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic acid (C20: 4w-6), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5w-3) with 33% and 15% respectively. Simultaneously, an increase by 25% in the level of a single saturated fatty acid C10:0 was noticed. According to the principal component analysis, the parasitized female was wealthy of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids and contains less of polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, and omega-6 fatty acids than the unparasitized female and male. No significant changes were observed in the biochemical composition of male hake, probably due to the low mean intensity of L3 larvae of Anisakis spp. in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihene Jouini
- Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, LR18ES06, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Nadia Besbes
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), National Institute of Sea Science and Technology, la Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Sadok
- Laboratory of Blue Biotechnology and Aquatic Bioproducts (B3Aqua), National Institute of Sea Science and Technology, la Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Gargouri
- Laboratory of Diversity, Management and Conservation of Biological Systems, LR18ES06, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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2
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Mielcarek K, Puścion-Jakubik A, Gromkowska-Kępka KJ, Soroczyńska J, Naliwajko SK, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Moskwa J, Nowakowski P, Borawska MH, Socha K. Proximal Composition and Nutritive Value of Raw, Smoked and Pickled Freshwater Fish. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121879. [PMID: 33348728 PMCID: PMC7766919 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess protein, fat, salt, collagen, moisture content and energy value of freshwater fish purchased in Polish fish farms. Eight species of freshwater fish (raw, smoked, pickled) were assessed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The protein content varied between 15.9 and 21.7 g/100 g, 12.8 and 26.2 g/100 g, 11.5 and 21.9 g/100 g in raw, smoked and pickled fish, respectively. Fat content ranged from 0.89 to 22.3 g/100 g, 0.72 to 43.1 g/100 g, 0.01 to 29.7 g/100 g in raw, smoked and pickled fish, respectively. Salt content ranged from 0.73 to 1.48 g/100 g, 0.77 to 3.39 g/100 g, 1.47 to 2.29 g/100 g in raw, smoked and pickled fish, respectively. A serving (150 g) of each fish product provided 53.2–71.9% of the Reference Intake (RI) for protein, 2.21–60.3% of the RI for fat, 21.3–61.3% of the RI for salt and 6.27–24.4% kJ/6.29–24.5% kcal of the RI for energy. Smoked fish had a higher protein and also fat content than raw and pickled fish, while smoked and pickled fish had higher salt content than raw fish. Cluster analysis was performed, which allowed to distinguish, on the basis of protein, fat, salt, collagen and moisture content, mainly European eel.
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3
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Prato E, Fanelli G, Parlapiano I, Biandolino F. Bioactive fatty acids in seafood from Ionian Sea and relation to dietary recommendations. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:693-705. [PMID: 31986928 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1719388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine lipid content, fatty acid composition and the recommended daily portion of 13 fish species, nine bivalves, six crustacean, three echinoderm and three cephalopod species, from the Mediterranean Sea (Southern Italy). Fatty acids profile varied significantly among species (p < .05); polyunsaturated fatty acids represented an important proportion, with docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids in the highest amount. A high n3/n6 ratio was found in all species (from 1.0 in body wall of Holothuria polii and H. tubulosa to 10.9 in Mytilus galloprovincialis). The lipid nutritional quality indices (atherogenic index, thrombogenicity index and hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratio) showed crustaceans Parapaeneus longirostris, Plesionika martia, Melicertus kerathurus, Nephrops norvegicus, as likely to be more beneficial for the consumer health. This paper will be of practical value from a health perspective for populations who consume seafood and a powerful marketing tool for farmers.
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Anita S, Haryono H, Wahyudewantoro G. Fatty Acid Profile of Captive Barb Fish ( Barbonymus balleroides). BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Barbonymus balleroides or barb fish is a freshwater fish that threaten by overexploitation and overfishing in their natural habitat. Our continuous investigation showed that fat content of barb fish that has been maintained in our pond facility for more than 1 year was decreasing. Since fatty acid (FA) is important property for farmed fish therefore it is essential to evaluate fatty acid profile of flesh and byproduct of captive Barb Fish. Captive fishes were originated from two different locations, Serayu River, Banjarnegara and Cipunagara River, Cianjur. FA composition of flesh and byproduct of fishes were analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Result showed that both flesh and byproduct of both origin contained good quality of FA particularly omega 3 and omega 6 and other beneficial unsaturated fat, omega 9. However captive barb fish showed lower FA composition than wild barb fish that could be influenced by its feed and other environmental parameter. The high composition of FA in barb fish byproduct indicated its potency to be utilized further for nutrition source. This study showed the needed to make further improvement in barb fish cultivation so that it could produces high quality farmed fish.
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5
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Hădărugă NG, Szakal RN, Chirilă CA, Lukinich-Gruia AT, Păunescu V, Muntean C, Rusu G, Bujancă G, Hădărugă DI. Complexation of Danube common nase (Chondrostoma nasus L.) oil by β-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Food Chem 2019; 303:125419. [PMID: 31470276 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin- and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/Danube common nase (Chondrostoma nasus L.) oil complexes (β-CD- and HP-β-CD/CNO) have been obtained for the first time. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the CNO indicates an important content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the most important being eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 6.3%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 1.6%), both ω-3 FAs. The complexes have been obtained by kneading method. The moisture content and successful of molecular encapsulation have been evaluated by thermal and spectroscopic techniques. Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analyses reveals that the moisture content of CD/CNO complexes significantly decreased, compared to starting CDs. On the other hand, the crystallinity index was for the first time determined for such type of complexes, the β-CD/CNO complex having values of 43.9(±18.3)%, according to X-ray diffractometry. FA profile and CD/CNO characteristics sustain the use of these ω-3 based complexes for food supplements or functional food products, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta G Hădărugă
- Department of Food Science, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Raymond N Szakal
- Department of Food Science, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cosmina A Chirilă
- Department of Food Science, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra T Lukinich-Gruia
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital of Timişoara, Liviu Rebreanu Blvd. 156, 300736 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer - OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital of Timişoara, Liviu Rebreanu Blvd. 156, 300736 Timişoara, Romania; Department of Physiology and Immunology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. 2, 300041 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Muntean
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering of Inorganic Compounds and Environment, Polytechnic University of Timişoara, Vasile Pârvan Bd. 6, 300223 Timişoara, Romania; Research Institute for Renewable Energy, Polytechnic University of Timişoara, Gavril Musicescu 38, 300501 Timișoara, Romania.
| | - Gerlinde Rusu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic and Natural Compounds Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Gabriel Bujancă
- Department of Food Science, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timişoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Daniel I Hădărugă
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Organic and Natural Compounds Engineering, Polytechnic University of Timişoara, Carol Telbisz 6, 300001 Timişoara, Romania.
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6
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Santaren ID, Bazinet RP, Liu Z, Johnston LW, Sievenpiper JL, Giacca A, Retnakaran R, Harris SB, Zinman B, Hanley AJ. The Distribution of Fatty Acid Biomarkers of Dairy Intake across Serum Lipid Fractions: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort. Lipids 2019; 54:617-627. [PMID: 31429083 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating fatty acids (FA) derived largely from dairy consumption have most commonly been measured in total human serum or phospholipid (PL) fractions, and have been used as validated biomarkers of dairy intake in a growing number of epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, measurement and characterization of a wider spectrum of FA biomarkers of dairy across the four major serum lipid fractions is lacking. This study aimed to (1) quantify FA biomarkers of dairy in PL, triacylglycerol (TAG), cholesteryl ester (CE), and unesterified fatty acid (FFA) serum lipid fractions; and (2) identify potential demographic and metabolic factors that may modify the proportions of these FA across serum fractions. Baseline data from 444 adults in the PROMISE cohort were analyzed. FA biomarkers, 15:0, t16:1n-7, 18:2-c9,t11, and t18:1n-7 were quantified from serum. Dairy intake was estimated using the validated Canadian Diet History Questionnaire. Our results show that t18:1n-7 was the most abundant FA biomarker in all fractions except CE, where 18:2-c9,t11 was the most abundant. Positive correlations within fractions, and across FA in the PL, CE, and FFA fractions were found, however, TAG FA were negatively correlated with the other fractions. PL and CE FA were positively associated with dairy intake, and negatively associated with markers of dysmetabolism while, in contrast, these markers were predictors of higher TAG dairy FA. This study is the first to demonstrate distinct proportions of dairy FA in different serum lipid fractions. PL and CE FA marked dairy intake in this cohort, while TAG FA appeared to be markers of dysmetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Santaren
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke W Johnston
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria St., M5B 1T8, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, 61 Queen St. East, M5C 2T2, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ravi Retnakaran
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stewart B Harris
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine, Western Center for Public Health and Family Medicine, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., N6G 2M1, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Zinman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony J Hanley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, 60 Murray St., M5B 1W8, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Lankinen M, Uusitupa M, Schwab U. Genes and Dietary Fatty Acids in Regulation of Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111785. [PMID: 30453550 PMCID: PMC6265745 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids and cell membranes of certain tissues are modified by dietary fatty acid composition. Furthermore, many other factors (age, sex, ethnicity, health status, genes, and gene × diet interactions) affect the fatty acid composition of cell membranes or plasma lipid compartments. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the complexity of mechanisms that may modify fatty acid compositions of plasma or tissues. We carried out an extensive literature survey of gene × diet interaction in the regulation of fatty acid compositions. Most of the related studies have been observational studies, but there are also a few intervention trials that tend to confirm that true interactions exist. Most of the studies deal with the desaturase enzyme cluster (FADS1, FADS2) in chromosome 11 and elongase enzymes. We expect that new genetic variants are being found that are linked with the genetic regulation of plasma or tissue fatty acid composition. This information is of great help to understanding the contribution of dietary fatty acids and their endogenic metabolism to the development of some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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8
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Khalili Tilami S, Sampels S, Zajíc T, Krejsa J, Másílko J, Mráz J. Nutritional value of several commercially important river fish species from the Czech Republic. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5729. [PMID: 30345172 PMCID: PMC6187990 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of seven freshwater fish species from the Czech Republic were examined. Moreover, the index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were calculated from the obtained data. These two indices along with the total content of the essential n-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as the ratio of n-6/n3 FAs, provide good indicators for the nutritional value of the fish. The species had been selected owing to the limited amount of information about their nutritional composition available. Furthermore, they are not typically subject to aquaculture, being almost exclusively obtained by angling. The protein content was relatively stable in all species (17.1 ± 1.55 to 19.2 ± 2.20 g/100 g). The content of carbohydrates ranged from 0.02 ± 0.1 to 0.99 ± 0.0 g/100 g and ash from 1.08 ± 0.20 to 2.54 ± 1.57 g/100 g. As expected, a high variability was observed in the fat content (0.74 ± 0.04 to 4.04 ± 0.81 g/100 g) and the FA composition, as well as the contents of EPA and DHA. IA and IT were close to the values stated for the Eskimo diet, indicating a high nutritional value with a positive effect for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Khalili Tilami
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomáš Zajíc
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krejsa
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Másílko
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dairy is a major food group with potential impact on cardiometabolic health. Self-reported dairy intake has limitations that can partly be avoided by using biomarkers. This review aims to summarize the evidence of odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs), that is, pentadecanoic acid (C15 : 0) and heptadecanoic acid (17 : 0), as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. In addition, the associations of OCFA biomarkers with cardiometabolic disease will be overviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Adipose tissue 15 : 0 is the preferred biomarker but also circulating 15 : 0, and to a weaker extent 17 : 0, reflects both habitual and changes in dairy intake. Whereas results from studies assessing cardiovascular outcomes are inconsistent, OCFA biomarkers are overall associated with lower diabetes risk. Residual confounding should however be considered until interventional data and mechanisms are available. Although OCFA biomarkers mainly reflect dairy fat intake, recently proposed endogenous synthesis and metabolism do motivate further research. SUMMARY Taking into account the study population diet and limitations of OCFA biomarkers, both adipose and circulating levels of 15 : 0, in particular, are useful for estimating total dairy fat intake. OCFA biomarkers are overall not linked to cardiovascular disease risk, but a possible beneficial role of dairy foods in diabetes prevention warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Effect of seasonal variation on lipid and fatty acid profile in muscle tissue of male and female Silurus triostegus. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:2913-2922. [PMID: 27765962 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) compositions of total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions have been determined in muscle tissues of Silurus triostegus. The distributions of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions were found to be different among total lipid, PL and TAG fractions from lipids in muscle tissues of the male and female S. triostegus in all seasons. Triacylglycerol contained a lower proportion of PUFA and a higher proportion of MUFA and SFA than PL while PL contained higher proportion of PUFA than proportion of MUFA and SFA compared to TAG. Triacylglycerol and PL fatty acid compositions in muscle tissues of the male and female fish species were found different. The most abundant fatty acids in the investigated seasons were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3). It was shown that the total lipid content and FA compositions in muscle tissues of the male and female S. triostegus were influenced by reproduction period and season.
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11
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Majumdar RK, Dhar B, Saha A, Roy D, Parhi J, Singh AS. Evaluation of Textural Quality as a Parameter to Optimize Thermal Process During Retort Pouch Processing of Boneless Rohu Balls in Curry Medium. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranendra K. Majumdar
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Bahni Dhar
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Apurba Saha
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Deepayan Roy
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Janmejay Parhi
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Asem Sanjit Singh
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
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Devadason C, Jayasinghe C, Sivakanesan R, Senarath S, Beppu F, Gotoh N. Comparative Analysis of Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Commercially Important Fish and Shellfish from Sri Lanka and Japan. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:543-56. [PMID: 27373421 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, allowing plenty of fishes to be caught. Moreover, these fishes represent one of the undocumented fish resources in the world and their detailed lipid profiles have not been previously examined. In this study, the lipid content and fatty acid composition of 50 commercially important fishes from the Indian Ocean (Sri Lanka) and the Pacific Ocean (Japan) were compared. The total lipid content and fatty acid composition, including eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA), differed significantly among species. Fish from the Pacific Ocean had higher proportions of fatty acids, including EPA and DHA. Herrings and mackerels from both oceanic areas demonstrated high levels of EPA and DHA, and n-3/n-6 ratio. Brackish and freshwater fishes from both groups showed low levels of PUFAs. Fish from the Indian Ocean were high in n-6 fatty acids. Monounsaturated fatty acid levels were high in omnivorous fish from the Pacific Ocean, and saturated fatty acid levels were high in fish from the Indian Ocean. The results of this study will be of value in determining the dietary usefulness of fish caught in Sri Lanka.
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13
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Lobo BW, Lima CKF, Teixeira MS, Silva NL, Takiya CM, Ramos MF, Miranda ALP, Dellamora-Ortiz GM. Fish oil attenuates persistent inflammatory pain in rats through modulation of TNF-α and resolvins. Life Sci 2016; 152:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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14
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Lankinen MA, Stančáková A, Uusitupa M, Ågren J, Pihlajamäki J, Kuusisto J, Schwab U, Laakso M. Plasma fatty acids as predictors of glycaemia and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2533-44. [PMID: 26277381 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Our aim was to investigate the fasting proportions of fatty acids and estimated desaturase and elongase activities in three different lipid fractions in plasma, phospholipids (PLs), cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triacylglycerols (TGs), as predictors for the worsening of glycaemia (area under the glucose curve in an OGTT [glucose AUC]) and incident type 2 diabetes in a 5.9 year follow-up of the Metabolic Syndrome in Men population-based cohort. METHODS Fatty acid proportions were measured in plasma PL, CE and TG fractions in 1,364 Finnish men aged 45-68 years at baseline. The prospective follow-up study included only men who were non-diabetic at baseline and had data available at follow-up (n = 1,302). A total of 71 participants developed new type 2 diabetes during follow-up. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, total saturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) and estimated stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 and Δ(6)-desaturase (D6D) enzyme activities significantly predicted the worsening of glycaemia whereas total polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and elongase activity predicted a decrease in the glucose AUC. Estimated D6D activity and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Results were consistent across the three different lipid fractions. However, fatty acid proportions in the PL and CE fractions were stronger predictors for glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes compared with fatty acid proportions in the TG fraction. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Selected fatty acid proportions of plasma lipid fractions and their ratios, which reflect desaturase and elongase enzyme activities, may be good biomarkers for the worsening of glycaemia and incident type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alena Stančáková
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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Schwab U, Uusitupa M. Diet heart controversies--Quality of fat matters. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:617-622. [PMID: 25921848 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lot a debate recently regarding the effect of the quality of dietary fat on the risk of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). Long term randomized controlled interventions are almost lacking and the body of evidence is based on epidemiological data which allows conclusions only regarding associations, instead of effects. However, a recent systematic review, which included prospective cohort studies with high or moderate quality, showed convincing evidence on the favorable effect of partially replacing saturated fatty acids by polyunsaturated fatty acids on the risk of CHD. For some reason it seems tempting even in the scientific discussion to question the evidence of the quality of dietary fat on the risk of CHD every time when a controversial scientific article is published.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- From the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (ML; e-mail: )
| | - Ursula Schwab
- From the Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (ML; e-mail: )
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17
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Lankinen M, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Nygren H, Seppänen-Laakso T, Poutanen K, Hyötyläinen T, Risérus U, Savolainen MJ, Hukkanen J, Brader L, Marklund M, Rosqvist F, Hermansen K, Cloetens L, Önning G, Thorsdottir I, Gunnarsdottir I, Åkesson B, Dragsted LO, Uusitupa M, Orešič M. A Healthy Nordic Diet Alters the Plasma Lipidomic Profile in Adults with Features of Metabolic Syndrome in a Multicenter Randomized Dietary Intervention. J Nutr 2015; 146:662-672. [PMID: 26962194 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.220459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy Nordic diet is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, but the effect on lipidomic profile is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet affects the fasting plasma lipidomic profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Men and women (n = 200) with features of metabolic syndrome [mean age: 55 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.6] were randomly assigned to either a healthy Nordic (n = 104) or a control (n = 96) diet for 18 or 24 wk at 6 centers. Of the participants, 156 completed the study with plasma lipidomic measurements. The healthy Nordic diet consisted of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, berries, vegetable oils and margarines, fish, low-fat milk products, and low-fat meat. An average Nordic diet served as the control diet and included low-fiber cereal products, dairy fat-based spreads, regular-fat milk products, and a limited amount of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Lipidomic profiles were measured at baseline, week 12, and the end of the intervention (18 or 24 wk) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The effects of the diets on the lipid variables were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Data from centers with 18- or 24-wk duration were also analyzed separately. RESULTS Changes in 21 plasma lipids differed significantly between the groups at week 12 (false discovery rate P < 0.05), including increases in plasmalogens and decreases in ceramides in the healthy Nordic diet group compared with the control group. At the end of the study, changes in lipidomic profiles did not differ between the groups. However, when the intervention lasted 24 wk, changes in 8 plasma lipids that had been identified at 12 wk, including plasmalogens, were sustained. There were no differences in changes in plasma lipids between groups with an intervention of 18 wk. By the dietary biomarker score, adherence to diet did not explain the difference in the results related to the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS A healthy Nordic diet transiently modified the plasma lipidomic profile, specifically by increasing the concentrations of antioxidative plasmalogens and decreasing insulin resistance-inducing ceramides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Önning
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
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Optimization of process conditions for Rohu fish in curry medium in retortable pouches using instrumental and sensory characteristics. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:5671-80. [PMID: 26344980 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
'Kalia', a popular preparation of Rohu fish, packed in four-layered laminated retort pouch was processed in a steam/air mixture over-pressure retort at 121.1 °C to three different F 0 values of 7, 8 and 9 min. Time-temperature data were collected during heat processing using an Ellab Sterilization Monitoring System. Texture profile such as hardness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness decreased as the F 0 value increased. The L* values decreased whereas a* and b* values increased with increasing F 0 value. Based on the commercial sterility, sensory evaluation, colour and texture profile analysis, F 0 value of 8 min and cook value of 66 min, with a total process time of 41.7 min at 121.1 °C was found satisfactory for the preparation of Rohu fish curry (Kalia) in retort pouches.
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19
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Majumdar RK, Dhar B, Roy D, Saha S. Study of Instrumental and Sensory Characteristics of Catla in Curry Medium during Retort Pouch Processing to Optimize F
0
Value. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahni Dhar
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Deepayan Roy
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
| | - Satarupa Saha
- College of Fisheries; Central Agricultural University; Lembucherra Tripura 799210 India
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20
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Schwab U, Lauritzen L, Tholstrup T, Haldorsson TI, Riserus U, Uusitupa M, Becker W. Effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer: a systematic review. Food Nutr Res 2014; 58:25145. [PMID: 25045347 PMCID: PMC4095759 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v58.25145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of both the amount and quality of dietary fat have been studied intensively during the past decades. Previously, low-fat diets were recommended without much attention to the quality of fat, whereas there is general emphasis on the quality of fat in current guidelines. The objective of this systematic review (SR) was to assess the evidence of an effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on body weight (BW), risk factors, and risk of non-communicable diseases, that is, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer in healthy subjects or subjects at risk for these diseases. This work was performed in the process of updating the fourth edition of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from 2004. The literature search was performed in October 2010 covering articles published since January 2000. A complementary search was done in February 2012 covering literature until December 2011. Two authors independently selected articles for inclusion from a total of about 16,000 abstracts according to predefined criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and prospective cohort studies (PCS) were included as well as nested case-control studies. A few retrospective case-control studies were also included when limited or no data were available from other study types. Altogether 607 articles were quality graded and the observed effects in these papers were summarized. Convincing evidence was found that partial replacement of saturated fat (SFA) with polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) or monounsaturated fat (MUFA) lowers fasting serum/plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. The evidence was probable for a decreasing effect of fish oil on concentration of serum/plasma total triglycerides as compared with MUFA. Beneficial effect of MUFA both on insulin sensitivity and fasting plasma/serum insulin concentration was considered as probable in comparisons of MUFA and carbohydrates versus SFA, whereas no effect was found on fasting glucose concentration in these comparisons. There was probable evidence for a moderate direct association between total fat intake and BW. Furthermore, there was convincing evidence that partial replacement of SFA with PUFA decreases the risk of CVD, especially in men. This finding was supported by an association with biomarkers of PUFA intake; the evidence of a beneficial effect of dietary total PUFA, n-6 PUFA, and linoleic acid (LA) on CVD mortality was limited suggestive. Evidence for a direct association between total fat intake and risk of T2DM was inconclusive, whereas there was limited-suggestive evidence from biomarker studies that LA is inversely associated with the risk of T2DM. However, there was limited-suggestive evidence in biomarker studies that odd-chain SFA found in milk fat and fish may be inversely related to T2DM, but these associations have not been supported by controlled studies. The evidence for an association between dietary n-3 PUFA and T2DM was inconclusive. Evidence for effects of fat on major types of cancer was inconclusive regarding both the amount and quality of dietary fat, except for prostate cancer where there was limited-suggestive evidence for an inverse association with intake of ALA and for ovarian cancer for which there was limited-suggestive evidence for a positive association with intake of SFA. This SR reviewed a large number of studies focusing on several different health outcomes. The time period covered by the search may not have allowed obtaining the full picture of the evidence in all areas covered by this SR. However, several SRs and meta-analyses that covered studies published before year 2000 were evaluated, which adds confidence to the results. Many of the investigated questions remain unresolved, mainly because of few studies on certain outcomes, conflicting results from studies, and lack of high quality-controlled studies. There is thus an evident need of highly controlled RCT and PCS with sufficient number of subjects and long enough duration, specifically regarding the effects of the amount and quality of dietary fat on insulin sensitivity, T2DM, low-grade inflammation, and blood pressure. New metabolic and other potential risk markers and utilization of new methodology in the area of lipid metabolism may provide new insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lotte Lauritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Tholstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorhallur I. Haldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland & University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Riserus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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21
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Manzoor T, Jan U, Shah M, Ganie SA. Variation of lipid and carbohydrate content in Schizothorax esocinus from Dal Lake of Kashmir Valley. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:447-50. [PMID: 24897804 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.447.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to measure the monthly and seasonal variation in the lipid and carbohydrate content of Schizothorax esocinus. Total lipid content of the fish was measured by Folch's method and the carbohydrate content was evaluated by Dubois method. The lipid content of Schizothorax esocinus varied seasonally, with maxima and minima in a year. The highest lipid content (0.45 g g(-1)) was measured in the July and the lowest lipid content (0.25 g g(-1)) in November. Evaluating the proximate composition of fish is important aspect in fish nutrition. The carbohydrate does not vary so much with a slight increase in spring (0.18%) and a slight decrease in autumn season (0.10%) with an average value of 0.14%. Total protein profile was also carried out in different organs of the fish by using SDS PAGE. The fish is a good source of lipid, carbohydrate and proteins, required for the balanced diet of human consumption.
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22
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Tang X, Xu G, Dai H, Xu P, Zhang C, Gu R. Differences in muscle cellularity and flesh quality between wild and farmed Coilia nasus (Engraulidae). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1504-1510. [PMID: 22189958 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Populations of Coilia nasus, an anadromous fish, have declined dramatically in the Yangtze River estuary and its associated lakes owing to excessive fishing and changes in aquatic ecology. Recently, the success of artificial breeding programmes and advanced methods of propagation have allowed great increases in production of this species. Thus, to gain a better understanding of the flesh quality of C. nasus, muscle cellularity and quality parameters of the flesh were studied in wild and farmed specimens. RESULTS Muscle cellularity was different between wild and farmed fish. Muscle fibre density was significantly higher in farmed specimens, while muscle fibre diameter was higher in wild specimens. Farmed fish had higher moisture, hydroxyproline and collagen contents and a lower fat content compared with wild fish. No significant differences in textural parameters were found between the two groups. Saturated (SFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) and total n-6 fatty acid contents were significantly higher in farmed fish, but monounsaturated fatty acid (MUPA) content was higher in wild fish. CONCLUSION The variation in the studied parameters determined significant differences in the flesh quality of wild and farmed C. nasus. Depending on muscle cellularity and fatty acid composition, farmed fish could be more suitable for human consumption than wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Zotos A, Vouzanidou M. Seasonal changes in composition, fatty acid, cholesterol and mineral content of six highly commercial fish species of Greece. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:139-49. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013211414785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in lipid, protein, ash and moisture, quantitative distribution of fatty acids, cholesterol and mineral content (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and Zn) of six common fish species from Greece were studied. The proximate composition of all samples was significantly influenced by the fishing period, even the cultured ones. The sum of C20:5ω–3 and C22:6ω–3 ranged from 1.18 to 2.76 for sardine, from 0.37 to 1.99 for bogue, from 1.1 to 1.52 for mackerel, from 1.23 to 1.46 for sea bass, from 1.00 to 1.24 for trout and from 0.26 to 0.45 g/100 g edible portion for hake samples. Besides the ratio of ω–3/ω–6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 6.80 to 19.00 for the wild fish samples and from 1.01 to 3.67 for the cultured ones. Cholesterol of sardine, bogue, mackerel, trout and sea bass ranged from 37 up to 76 mg/100 g edible flesh, while it was varied from 72 to 124 mg/100 g in the flesh of hake. The concentration of minerals was detected at acceptable levels. All fish samples seemed to be quite good sources of Mg, Zn and Fe. Co was not detected in the samples studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zotos
- Department Food Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Vouzanidou
- Department Food Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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24
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Lankinen M, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Poutanen K, Mykkänen H, Seppänen-Laakso T, Gylling H, Uusitupa M, Orešič M. Whole grain products, fish and bilberries alter glucose and lipid metabolism in a randomized, controlled trial: the Sysdimet study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22646. [PMID: 21901116 PMCID: PMC3161986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, new dietary solutions are needed to help improve glucose and lipid metabolism in persons at high risk of developing the disease. Herein we investigated the effects of low-insulin-response grain products, fatty fish, and berries on glucose metabolism and plasma lipidomic profiles in persons with impaired glucose metabolism. Methodology/Principal Findings Altogether 106 men and women with impaired glucose metabolism and with at least two other features of the metabolic syndrome were included in a 12-week parallel dietary intervention. The participants were randomized into three diet intervention groups: (1) whole grain and low postprandial insulin response grain products, fatty fish three times a week, and bilberries three portions per day (HealthyDiet group), (2) Whole grain enriched diet (WGED) group, which includes principally the same grain products as group (1), but with no change in fish or berry consumption, and (3) refined wheat breads (Control). Oral glucose tolerance, plasma fatty acids and lipidomic profiles were measured before and after the intervention. Self-reported compliance with the diets was good and the body weight remained constant. Within the HealthyDiet group two hour glucose concentration and area-under-the-curve for glucose decreased and plasma proportion of (n-3) long-chain PUFAs increased (False Discovery Rate p-values <0.05). Increases in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid associated curvilinearly with the improved insulin secretion and glucose disposal. Among the 364 characterized lipids, 25 changed significantly in the HealthyDiet group, including multiple triglycerides incorporating the long chain (n-3) PUFA. Conclusions/Significance The results suggest that the diet rich in whole grain and low insulin response grain products, bilberries, and fatty fish improve glucose metabolism and alter the lipidomic profile. Therefore, such a diet may have a beneficial effect in the efforts to prevent type 2 diabetes in high risk persons. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00573781
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Masa J, Ogwok P, Muyonga JH, Kwetegyeka J, Makokha V, Ocen D. Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle, Liver, and Adipose Tissue of Freshwater Fish from Lake Victoria, Uganda. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2010.539773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Swapna HC, Rai AK, Bhaskar N, Sachindra NM. Lipid classes and fatty acid profile of selected Indian fresh water fishes. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2010; 47:394-400. [PMID: 23572659 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid extracts from meat, head and viscera of Indian fresh water fishes, viz., catla, rohu, mrigal, common carp and tilapia were analyzed for lipid class distribution and fatty acid profile. The yield of meat ranged from 66.0-79.5% and total lipid content in meat was 0.8-3.8%. The total lipid content was higher (>4.0%) in head and viscera. Neutral lipids constituted 71.5-93.3% of the total lipid extract. Higher glycolipid content of 25.2% was observed in lipid extract from meat of common carp and higher phospholipid content (13.7%) was observed in lipid extract from meat of mrigal. Hydrocarbons, sterolesters and triacylglycerol were the major fractions of neutral lipids. Unsaturated fatty acids dominated in all the samples. Palmitic and oleic acids were the major fatty acids found in all the lipid extracts. Docosahexaenoic acid content was higher than 3% in lipid extract from meat of all the fishes. However, in most of the fishes, the content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were higher in visceral lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Swapna
- Department of Meat, Fish and Poultry Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, 570 020 India
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28
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Kaya Y, Erdem ME. Seasonal comparison of wild and farmed brown trout (Salmo trutta forma farioL., 1758): crude lipid, gonadosomatic index and fatty acids. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60:413-23. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480701777886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rasoarahona JRE, Ramanoelina PAR, Bianchini JP, Gaydou EM. Muscle Lipids and Fatty Acid Profiles of the Sea Catfish (Arius madagascariensis) in Madagascar Inland Waters. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Slaughter yield, proximate and fatty acid composition and sensory properties of rapfen (Aspius aspius L) with tissue of bream (Abramis brama L) and pike (Esox lucius L). J Food Compost Anal 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rasoarahona JRE, Barnathan G, Bianchini JP, Gaydou EM. Annual evolution of fatty acid profile from muscle lipids of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Madagascar inland waters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:7339-7344. [PMID: 15563217 DOI: 10.1021/jf048993y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Annual evolution of muscle lipids fatty acid (FA) from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) has been determined in 2001 through monthly samplings in the reserve pond of Sisaony (SIS series) and Itasy Lake (ITA series) of the Madagascar highlands. Total lipids from muscle were extracted and quantified according to the Bligh and Dyer method. FA identification was performed by GC-MS of FA methyl esters and FA pyrrolidides and led to the identification of 41 FA; routine analyses of FA were made by capillary GC. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data set to compare FA profiles. Lipid content is low, ranging from 0.91 to 1.73% of wet muscle, with a low stage during the hot season (January-April) and a higher stage during the cold season (July-October). Three FA dominated the FA composition: oleic acid (17.0-21.5%), palmitic acid (13.1-16.1%), and linoleic acid (9.6-13.2%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were present in appreciable amounts: arachidonic acid (AA; 2.9-5.9%), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 2.9-6.7%), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 1.9-3.4%), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 1.9-4.3%). Two opposite evolution schemes appear within two groups of FA; on the one hand PUFA (both n-3 and n-6 series) show a maximum in August-October and a minimum in January-April, and, on the other hand, oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids show the opposite maxima and minima. PCA results give confirmation of these evolution schemes, the two groups of FA giving opposite high factor loadings on axis 1. The SIS and ITA series are differentiated by axis 2 by mean of minor FA, mostly odd- and branched-chain. Results indicate that common carp, the second most abundant freshwater fish in Madagascar highlands waters, may be an interesting source of dietary PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean R E Rasoarahona
- Laboratoire des IAA, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, B.P. 175, Université d'Antananarivo, Madagascar
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Kris-Etherton PM, Taylor DS, Yu-Poth S, Huth P, Moriarty K, Fishell V, Hargrove RL, Zhao G, Etherton TD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:179S-88S. [PMID: 10617969 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.179s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, intake of n-3 fatty acids is approximately 1.6 g/d ( approximately 0.7% of energy), of which 1.4 g is alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3) and 0.1-0.2 g is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6). The primary sources of ALA are vegetable oils, principally soybean and canola. The predominant sources of EPA and DHA are fish and fish oils. Intake data indicate that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is approximately 9.8:1. Food disappearance data between 1985 and 1994 indicate that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids has decreased from 12.4:1 to 10.6:1. This reflects a change in the profile of vegetable oils consumed and, in particular, an approximate 5.5-fold increase in canola oil use. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is still much higher than that recommended (ie, 2.3:1). Lower ratios increase endogenous conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. Attaining the proposed recommended combined EPA and DHA intake of 0.65 g/d will require an approximately 4-fold increase in fish consumption in the United States. Alternative strategies, such as food enrichment and the use of biotechnology to manipulate the EPA and DHA as well as ALA contents of the food supply, will become increasingly important in increasing n-3 fatty acid intake in the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Kris-Etherton
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and the Department of Dairy and Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and Kraft Foods, KGF Technology Center, Glenview, IL, USA.
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The Effects of Heating and Washing on the Gelling Properties of Tropical Major Carp Muscle. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1300/j030v08n02_02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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