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Borland JM. The effects of different types of social interactions on the electrophysiology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens in rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105809. [PMID: 39004323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BORLAND, J.M., The effects of different types of social interactions on the electrophysiology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens in rodents, NEUROSCI BIOBEH REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2024.-Sociality shapes an organisms' life. The nucleus accumbens is a critical brain region for mental health. In the following review, the effects of different types of social interactions on the physiology of neurons in the nucleus accumbens is synthesized. More specifically, the effects of sex behavior, aggression, social defeat, pair-bonding, play behavior, affiliative interactions, parental behaviors, the isolation from social interactions and maternal separation on measures of excitatory synaptic transmission, intracellular signaling and factors of transcription and translation in neurons in the nucleus accumbens in rodent models are reviewed. Similarities and differences in effects depending on the type of social interaction is then discussed. This review improves the understanding of the molecular and synaptic mechanisms of sociality.
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Chan PL, Kwan HS, Xie Y, Wong KH, Chang J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mycelial and Fruiting Responses to Lithium Chloride in Coprinopsis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:140. [PMID: 38392812 PMCID: PMC10890143 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been used in signalling and molecular studies of animals, plants, and yeast. However, information on its roles in basidiomycetous fungi is still limited. In this study, we used RNA-Seq to study the effects of LiCl on Coprinopsis cinerea. LiCl enhanced mycelial growth and inhibited fruiting body formation in C. cinerea. RNA-Seq of the LiCl-treated C. cinerea resulted in a total of 14,128 genes. There were 1199 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the LiCl-treated samples and control samples in the mycelium stage (the first time point), and 1391 DEGs were detected when the control samples were forming hyphal knots while the treated samples were still in the mycelium (the second time point). Pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed a significant association between enhanced mycelium growth in the LiCl-treated C. cinerea and metabolic pathways. In addition, the DEGs involved in cellular process pathways, including "cell cycle-yeast" and "meiosis-yeast", were identified in suppressed C. cinerea fruiting body formation by LiCl under favourable environmental conditions. As LiCl can predominantly inhibit the activity of glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3), our findings suggest that LiCl affects the expression of genes involved in fruiting body initiation and cellular processes by inhibiting GSK3 activity which is essential for fruiting body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lam Chan
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoi-Shan Kwan
- Food Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yichun Xie
- Food Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinhui Chang
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhou Y, Takahashi JI, Sakurai H. New Directions for Advanced Targeting Strategies of EGFR Signaling in Cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:895-903. [PMID: 38692865 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling studies paved the way for a basic understanding of growth factor and oncogene signaling pathways and the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Due to resistance mutations and the activation of alternative pathways when cancer cells escape TKIs, highly diverse cell populations form in recurrent tumors through mechanisms that have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize recent advances in EGFR basic research on signaling networks and intracellular trafficking that may clarify the novel mechanisms of inhibitor resistance, discuss recent clinical developments in EGFR-targeted cancer therapy, and offer novel strategies for cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Jun-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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Toyooka Y, Aoki K, Usami FM, Oka S, Kato A, Fujimori T. Generation of pulsatile ERK activity in mouse embryonic stem cells is regulated by Raf activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9465. [PMID: 37301878 PMCID: PMC10257726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a serine/threonine kinase that is known to regulate cellular events such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The ERK signaling pathway is activated by fibroblast growth factors, and is considered to be indispensable for the differentiation of primitive endoderm cells, not only in mouse preimplantation embryos, but also in embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture. To monitor ERK activity in living undifferentiated and differentiating ESCs, we established EKAREV-NLS-EB5 ESC lines that stably express EKAREV-NLS, a biosensor based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Using EKAREV-NLS-EB5, we found that ERK activity exhibited pulsatile dynamics. ESCs were classified into two groups: active cells showing high-frequency ERK pulses, and inactive cells demonstrating no detectable ERK pulses during live imaging. Pharmacological inhibition of major components in the ERK signaling pathway revealed that Raf plays an important role in determining the pattern of ERK pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Toyooka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsukawa Usami
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sanae Oka
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Azusa Kato
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-Cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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Liu Z, Jin C, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang J, Zheng L. Identification of BRAF, CCND1, and MYC mutations in a patient with multiple primary malignant tumors: a case report and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:158. [PMID: 37221610 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs), usually associated with worse malignant behavior and prognosis comparing to a single primary tumor, and have recently been found to have an increasing incidence globally. However, the pathogenesis of MPMTs remains to be clarified. Here, we report a unique case of the coexistence of malignant melanoma (MM), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) along with our perceptions on its pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION The case reported is of a 59-year-old male patient with unilateral nasal obstruction as well as a renal occupying lesion. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a palpable mass of 32 × 30 mm on the posterior and left walls of the nasopharynx. In addition, an isodense nodule was observed in the right superior renal pole, approximately 25 mm in diameter, as well as a slightly hypodense shadow in the right leaf of the thyroid, approximately 13 mm in diameter. Nasal endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the existence of a nasopharyngeal neoplasm. Afterward, biopsies of the nasopharyngeal neoplasm, thyroid gland and kidney were performed, and the patient was diagnosed with MM, PTC, and ccRCC according to the pathological and immunohistochemical results. Moreover, mutation of BRAFV600E was detected in bilateral thyroid tissues, and amplification of both CCND1 and MYC oncogenes were detected in the nasopharyngeal melanoma. After chemotherapy, the patient is now in good overall condition. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of a patient with the co-existence of MM, PTC and ccRCC undergoing chemotherapy with a favorable prognosis. Herein, we suggest that such a combination may be non-random, as for mutation of BRAFV600E might account for the co-occurrence of PTC and MM, while mutations of CCND1 and MYC cause the coexistence of MM and ccRCC. This finding may provide valuable guidance on the diagnosis and treatment of such disease, as well as the prevention of developing a second or third tumor for patients with a single primary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongquan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshuo Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
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Feng J, Meng W, Chen L, Zhang X, Markazi A, Yuan W, Huang Y, Gao SJ. N6-Methyladenosine and Reader Protein YTHDF2 Enhance the Innate Immune Response by Mediating DUSP1 mRNA Degradation and Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases during Bacterial and Viral Infections. mBio 2023; 14:e0334922. [PMID: 36625590 PMCID: PMC9973302 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03349-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play critical roles in the induction of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory mediators that mobilize the immune system to counter pathogenic infections. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatases that inactivates MAPKs through a negative-feedback mechanism. Here, we report that in response to viral and bacterial infections, not only the DUSP1 transcript but also its N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels rapidly increase together with that of the m6A reader protein YTHDF2, resulting in enhanced YTHDF2-mediated DUSP1 transcript degradation. The knockdown of DUSP1 promotes p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and activation, thus increasing the expression of innate immune response genes, including the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC) genes. Similarly, the knockdown of the m6A eraser ALKBH5 increases the DUSP1 transcript m6A level, resulting in accelerated transcript degradation, the activation of p38 and JNK, and the enhanced expression of IL-1β, CSF3, TGM2, and SRC. These results demonstrate that m6A and the reader protein YTHDF2 orchestrate optimal innate immune responses during viral and bacterial infections by downregulating the expression of a negative regulator, DUSP1, of the p38 and JNK pathways that are central to innate immune responses against pathogenic infections. IMPORTANCE Innate immunity is central to controlling pathogenic infections and maintaining the homeostasis of the host. In this study, we have revealed a novel mechanism regulating innate immune responses during viral and bacterial infections. We have found that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and the reader protein YTHDF2 regulate dual-specificity phosphatase 1, a negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 and JNK, to maximize innate immune responses during viral and bacterial infections. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism regulating innate immunity, which could help in the development of novel approaches for controlling pathogenic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wen Meng
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luping Chen
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Markazi
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Borland JM, Dempsey DA, Peyla AC, Hall MAL, Kohut-Jackson AL, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Aggression Results in the Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the Nucleus Accumbens and the Dephosphorylation of mTOR in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Female Syrian Hamsters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1379. [PMID: 36674893 PMCID: PMC9862940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Like many social behaviors, aggression can be rewarding, leading to behavioral plasticity. One outcome of reward-induced aggression is the long-term increase in the speed in which future aggression-based encounters is initiated. This form of aggression impacts dendritic structure and excitatory synaptic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens, a brain region well known to regulate motivated behaviors. Yet, little is known about the intracellular signaling mechanisms that drive these structural/functional changes and long-term changes in aggressive behavior. This study set out to further elucidate the intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating the plasticity in neurophysiology and behavior that underlie the rewarding consequences of aggressive interactions. Female Syrian hamsters experienced zero, two or five aggressive interactions and the phosphorylation of proteins in reward-associated regions was analyzed. We report that aggressive interactions result in a transient increase in the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the nucleus accumbens. We also report that aggressive interactions result in a transient decrease in the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the medial prefrontal cortex, a major input structure to the nucleus accumbens. Thus, this study identifies ERK1/2 and mTOR as potential signaling pathways for regulating the long-term rewarding consequences of aggressive interactions. Furthermore, the recruitment profile of the ERK1/2 and the mTOR pathways are distinct in different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desarae A. Dempsey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Anna C. Peyla
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Megan A. L. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Paul G. Mermelstein
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert L. Meisel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Caveolin-1 Alleviates Acetaminophen—Induced Hepatotoxicity in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating the Ang II/EGFR/ERK Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147587. [PMID: 35886933 PMCID: PMC9317714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic analgesic which can lead to acute liver failure after overdoses. Chronic alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) appears to enhance the risk and severity of APAP-induced liver injury, and the level of angiotensin II (Ang II) increased sharply at the same time. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has been proven to have a protective effect on AFLD. This study aimed to examine whether CAV1 can protect the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity of AFLD by affecting Ang II or its related targets. In vivo, the AFLD model was established according to the chronic-plus-binge ethanol model. Liver injury and hepatic lipid accumulation level were determined. The levels of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang II, CAV1, and other relevant proteins were evaluated by western blotting. In vitro, L02 cells were treated with alcohol and oleic acid mixture and APAP. CAV1 and ACE2 expression was downregulated in APAP-treated AFLD mice compared to APAP-treated mice. The overexpression of CAV1 in mice and L02 cells alleviated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in AFLD and downregulated Ang II, p-EGFR/EGFR and P-ERK/ERK expression. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed interactions between CAV1, Ang II, and EGFR. The application of losartan (an Ang II receptor antagonist) and PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) alleviated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in AFLD. In conclusion, our findings verified that CAV1 alleviates APAP-aggravated hepatotoxicity in AFLD by downregulating the Ang II /EGFR/ERK axis, which could be a novel therapeutic target for its prevention or treatment.
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Fernández-Barroso MÁ, García-Casco JM, Núñez Y, Ramírez-Hidalgo L, Matos G, Muñoz M. Understanding the role of myoglobin content in Iberian pigs fattened in an extensive system through analysis of the transcriptome profile. Anim Genet 2022; 53:352-367. [PMID: 35355298 PMCID: PMC9314091 DOI: 10.1111/age.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meat color is the first perceived sensory feature and one of the most important quality traits. Myoglobin is the main pigment in meat, giving meat its characteristic cherry‐red color, highly appreciated by the consumers. In the current study, we used the RNA‐seq technique to characterize the longissimus dorsi muscle transcriptome in two groups of Iberian pigs with divergent breeding values for myoglobin content. As a result, we identified 57 differentially expressed genes and transcripts (DEGs). Moreover, we have validated the RNA‐seq expression of a set of genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Functional analyses revealed an enrichment of DEGs in biological processes related to oxidation (HBA1), lipid metabolism (ECH1, PLA2G10, PLD2), inflammation (CHST1, CD209, PLA2G10), and immune system (CD209, MX2, LGALS3, LGALS9). The upstream analysis showed a total of five transcriptional regulatory factors and eight master regulators that could moderate the expression of some DEGs, highlighting SPI1 and MAPK1, since they regulate the expression of DEGs involved in immune defense and inflammatory processes. Iberian pigs with high myoglobin content also showed higher expression of the HBA1 gene and both molecules, myoglobin and hemoglobin, have been described as having a protective effect against oxidative and inflammatory processes. Therefore, the HBA1 gene is a very promising candidate gene to harbor polymorphisms underlying myoglobin content, whereby further studies should be carried out for its potential use in an Iberian pig selection program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Fernández-Barroso
- Centro Nacional de I+D del Cerdo Ibérico, INIA-CSIC, Zafra, Spain.,Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan María García-Casco
- Centro Nacional de I+D del Cerdo Ibérico, INIA-CSIC, Zafra, Spain.,Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gema Matos
- Sánchez Romero Carvajal-Jabugo, SRC, Huelva, Spain
| | - María Muñoz
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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LIM Tracker: a software package for cell tracking and analysis with advanced interactivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2702. [PMID: 35177675 PMCID: PMC8854686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell tracking is one of the most critical tools for time-lapse image analysis to observe cell behavior and cell lineages over a long period of time. However, the accompanying graphical user interfaces are often difficult to use and do not incorporate seamless manual correction, data analysis tools, or simple training set design tools if it is machine learning based. In this paper, we introduce our cell tracking software “LIM Tracker”. This software has a conventional tracking function consisting of recognition processing and link processing, a sequential search-type tracking function based on pattern matching, and a manual tracking function. LIM Tracker enables the seamless use of these functions. In addition, the system incorporates a highly interactive and interlocking data visualization method, which displays analysis result in real time, making it possible to flexibly correct the data and reduce the burden of tracking work. Moreover, recognition functions with deep learning (DL) are also available, which can be used for a wide range of targets including stain-free images. LIM Tracker allows researchers to track living objects with good usability and high versatility for various targets. We present a tracking case study based on fluorescence microscopy images (NRK-52E/EKAREV-NLS cells or MCF-10A/H2B-iRFP-P2A-mScarlet-I-hGem-P2A-PIP-NLS-mNeonGreen cells) and phase contrast microscopy images (Glioblastoma-astrocytoma U373 cells). LIM Tracker is implemented as a plugin for ImageJ/Fiji. The software can be downloaded from https://github.com/LIMT34/LIM-Tracker.
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11
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Wu T, Qin Q, Liu N, Zhang C, Lv R, Yin W, Sun Y, Sun Y, Wang R, Zhao D, Cheng M. Rational drug design to explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of TRK inhibitors with 2,4-diaminopyrimidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114096. [PMID: 35007864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) is an ideal target for treating cancers caused by the NTRK gene fusion. In this study, more than 60 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives were prepared to understand the structure-activity relationship and confirm the rationality of the pharmacophore model reported previously. Among them, compound 19k was found to be a potent pan-TRK inhibitor that inhibits the proliferation of Km-12 cell lines. Additionally, compound 19k induced the apoptosis of Km-12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that compound 19k inhibited the phosphorylation of TRK to block downstream pathways. Compound 19k also possessed outstanding plasma stability and liver microsomal stability in vitro, with half-lives greater than 289.1 min and 145 min, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the oral bioavailability of compound 19k is 17.4%. These results demonstrate that compound 19k could serve as a novel lead compound for overcoming NTRK-fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Ruicheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
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12
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Zhou Y, Sakurai H. New trend in ligand-induced EGFR trafficking: A dual-mode clathrin-mediated endocytosis model. J Proteomics 2022; 255:104503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Dent P. Cell Signaling and Translational Developmental Therapeutics. COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC7538147 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-820472-6.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between drug pharmacodynamics and subsequent changes in cellular signaling processes are complex. Many in vitro cell signaling studies often use drug concentrations above physiologically safe drug levels achievable in a patient's plasma. Drug companies develop agents to inhibit or modify the activities of specific target enzymes, often without a full consideration that their compounds have additional unknown targets. These two negative sequelae, when published together, become impediments against successful developmental therapeutics and translation because this data distorts our understanding of signaling mechanisms and reduces the probability of successfully translating drug-based concepts from the bench to the bedside. This article will discuss cellular signaling in isolation and as it relates to extant single and combined therapeutic drug interventions. This will lead to a hypothetical series standardized sequential approaches describing a rigorous concept to drug development and clinical translation.
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14
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Pandian J, Ganesan K. Delineation of gastric tumors with activated ERK/MAPK signaling cascades for the development of targeted therapeutics. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112956. [PMID: 34864005 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ERK/MAPK signaling pathway is activated in various cancers including gastric cancer. Targeting the ERK/MAPK/MEK pathway has been considered as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, MEK inhibition leads to a series of resistance mechanisms due to mutations in MEK, elevated expression of RAS or RAF proteins and activation of the associated signaling pathways. In the present study, ERK/MAPK pathway specific gene signatures were identified to be highly activated in intestinal subtype gastric tumors. Inhibition of ERK/MAPK pathway with the inhibitor PD98059 in gastric cancer cell lines by in vitro signaling pathway and genome-wide expression profiling revealed the associated signaling pathways. Functional genomic investigation of the ERK/MAPK regulated genes reveals the association of ERK/MAPK pathway with E2F, Myc, SOX-2, TGF-β, OCT4 and Notch pathways in gastric cancer cells. Of these, E2F, Myc and SOX-2 pathways are activated in intestinal subtype gastric tumors and TGF-β, OCT4, Notch pathways are activated in diffuse subtype gastric tumors. Further, the mutational load of gastric tumors was found to have association and correlation with the activation pattern of ERK/MAPK pathways across gastric tumors. ERK/MAPK activation was also found to represent the EBV and MSI activated subtypes of gastric tumors. Identification of potent drug candidates inhibiting the ERK/MAPK and associated pathways would pave a way for developing the targeted therapeutics for a subset of gastric tumors with activated ERK/MAPK signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Pandian
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
| | - Kumaresan Ganesan
- Unit of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, Department of Genetics, Centre for Excellence in Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
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15
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Zhao C, Zou T, Tang R, Zhu C. Placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) mediates inflammation and mobility of the hPDLCs via MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 103:108459. [PMID: 34954560 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8) is reported to regulate cellular functions in the progression of various diseases. However, its role in periodontitis is still unclear. METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas Gingivalis (LPS-PG) to mimic periodontitis in vitro. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to measure the mRNA expression levels and western blot was for protein levels. Wound healing and transwell migration assays were performed to assess the cell mobility of hPDLCs. Both mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were accessed to evaluated process of periodontitis in vitro. Furthermore, the protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and their phosphorylated products quantified by western blotting assay were determined to confirm the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. RESULTS The microarray analysis results showed that PLAC8 was most significantly downregulated in periodontium samples of patients with periodontitis, which participates in blood coagulation and integrin-mediated signaling pathway. PLAC8 was also markedly downregulated in the LPS-PG-treated hPDLCs. Moreover, overexpression of PLAC8 ameliorated inflammation and promoted cell mobility of LPS-PG-treated hPDLCs, while inhibition of PLAC8 exhibited the opposite effects. MEK/ERK was selected based on analyses of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network as the potential signaling pathway interacted with PLAC8, and PLAC8 showed regulatory function on activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Additionally, U0126, the inhibitor of MEK, abrogated the effects of PLAC8 on inflammation and cell mobility of LPS-PG-treated hPDLCs. CONCLUSION Overexpression of PLAC8 protected hPDLCs from dysfunction of inflammation and cell mobility via activating MEK/ERK pathway, indicating a novel therapeutic target for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingqian Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Jingmen Second People's Hospital
| | - Ruiping Tang
- Medical College of Jingchu University of Technology
| | - Chengzhi Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic.
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16
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Suescún-Bolívar LP, Thomé PE. The specific inhibition of glycerol synthesis and the phosphorylation of a putative MAPK give insight into the mechanism of osmotic sensing in a dinoflagellate symbiont. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2021; 69:e12883. [PMID: 34936156 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways are fundamental for the establishment and maintenance of diverse symbioses. The symbiosis of cnidarians and dinoflagellate algae is the foundation for the ecological success of coral reefs, involving the transfer of photosynthetic products from symbiont to host. However, signal transduction pathways for this symbiosis remain uncharacterized. Cultured and natural cnidarian symbionts can produce glycerol, one of the main translocated photosynthates. Here, we investigate whether a signal transduction pathway may be involved in inducing glycerol synthesis in cultured symbionts under an osmotic stress model. We evaluated the effect of specific inhibitors of the main transduction pathways, p38, JNK, and ERK 1/2 in Brevolium minutum, the symbiont of the Aiptasia model system. We found that glycerol production and the specific activity of the enzyme Gpdh were selectively inhibited by a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Additionally, the phosphorylation of a putative p38-like protein was rapidly detected. Finally, we studied the presence of each of the components of the p38 MAPK pathway in silico, in genomes and transcriptomes reported up to date for different symbiont types. We propose a model for the arrangement of this pathway in the family of dinoflagellate symbionts known as Symbiodiniaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Suescún-Bolívar
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - P E Thomé
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Puerto Morelos, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
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17
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Massimino W, Andrieux C, Biasutti S, Davail S, Bernadet MD, Pioche T, Ricaud K, Gontier K, Morisson M, Collin A, Panserat S, Houssier M. Impacts of Embryonic Thermal Programming on the Expression of Genes Involved in Foie gras Production in Mule Ducks. Front Physiol 2021; 12:779689. [PMID: 34925068 PMCID: PMC8678469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.779689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic thermal programming has been shown to improve foie gras production in overfed mule ducks. However, the mechanisms at the origin of this programming have not yet been characterized. In this study, we investigated the effect of embryonic thermal manipulation (+1°C, 16 h/24 h from embryonic (E) day 13 to E27) on the hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, stress, cell proliferation and thyroid hormone pathways at the end of thermal manipulation and before and after overfeeding (OF) in mule ducks. Gene expression analyses were performed by classic or high throughput real-time qPCR. First, we confirmed well-known results with strong impact of OF on the expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrates metabolisms. Then we observed an impact of OF on the hepatic expression of genes involved in the thyroid pathway, stress and cell proliferation. Only a small number of genes showed modulation of expression related to thermal programming at the time of OF, and only one was also impacted at the end of the thermal manipulation. For the first time, we explored the molecular mechanisms of embryonic thermal programming from the end of heat treatment to the programmed adult phenotype with optimized liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Massimino
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Charlotte Andrieux
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Sandra Biasutti
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, IUT Génie Biologique, Mont-de-Marsan, France
| | - Stéphane Davail
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Tracy Pioche
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Ricaud
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Karine Gontier
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mireille Morisson
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Anne Collin
- BOA, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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18
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p21-Activated kinase 1 (PAK1) in aging and longevity: An overview. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101443. [PMID: 34390849 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) belong to serine/threonine kinases family, regulated by ∼21 kDa small signaling G proteins RAC1 and CDC42. The mammalian PAK family comprises six members (PAK1-6) that are classified into two groups (I and II) based on their domain architecture and regulatory mechanisms. PAKs are implicated in a wide range of cellular functions. PAK1 has recently attracted increasing attention owing to its involvement in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis as well as several life-limiting diseases and pathological conditions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PAK1 functions limit the lifespan under basal conditions by inhibiting forkhead transcription factor DAF-16. Interestingly, PAK depletion extended longevity and attenuated the onset of age-related phenotypes in a premature-aging mouse model and delayed senescence in mammalian fibroblasts. These observations implicate PAKs as not only oncogenic but also aging kinases. Therefore, PAK-targeting genetic and/or pharmacological interventions, particularly PAK1-targeting, could be a viable strategy for developing cancer therapies with relatively no side effects and promoting healthy longevity. This review describes PAK family proteins, their biological functions, and their role in regulating aging and longevity using C. elegans. Moreover, we discuss the effect of small-molecule PAK1 inhibitors on the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans.
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19
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Nakamura A, Goto Y, Kondo Y, Aoki K. Shedding light on developmental ERK signaling with genetically encoded biosensors. Development 2021; 148:271153. [PMID: 34338283 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway governs cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and therefore plays key roles in various developmental and regenerative processes. Recent advances in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have unveiled hitherto unrecognized ERK activation dynamics in space and time and their functional importance mainly in cultured cells. However, ERK dynamics during embryonic development have still only been visualized in limited numbers of model organisms, and we are far from a sufficient understanding of the roles played by developmental ERK dynamics. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the biosensors used for visualization of ERK activity in live cells. Second, we highlight the applications of the biosensors to developmental studies of model organisms and discuss the current understanding of how ERK dynamics are encoded and decoded for cell fate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuhei Goto
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 4-3-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
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20
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (Cultivar Okhwang 1) Callus through Inhibition of PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the Korean endemic plants, Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (Oleaceae), contains acteoside, which is a glycoside exhibiting neuroprotective, anti-inflammation effects and antibacterial capacities. We conducted an investigation on the effects of the callus of A. distichum (cultivar Okhwang 1, CAO) on pro-inflammatory mediators released following nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K-Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Immunoblotting was employed to find out the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), and activation of MAPK molecules, NF-κB and Akt. Cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS gene expression were assessed using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS gene expression were assessed using polymerase chain reaction techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that CAO was rich in acteoside and isoacteoside. As a result, CAO inhibited the generation of NO, cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS expression. Further, translocation to the nuclear of NF-κB p65 and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-кB (IкB) were alleviated by suppressing phosphorylation. Additionally, CAO significantly impacted MAPK pathway activation by potentially reducing phosphorylation of MAPKs. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of CAO is mediated via the inhibition of MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways, probably via glycosides, phenolics, and flavonoids bioactivity derived from plants. CAO can serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, which alleviates inflammation factors and act through specific cell signaling pathways.
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21
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Inchanalkar S, Balasubramanian N. Adhesion-growth factor crosstalk regulates AURKB activation and ERK signalling in re-adherent fibroblasts. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Ito RE, Oneyama C, Aoki K. Oncogenic mutation or overexpression of oncogenic KRAS or BRAF is not sufficient to confer oncogene addiction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249388. [PMID: 33793658 PMCID: PMC8016361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogene addiction is a cellular property by which cancer cells become highly dependent on the expression of oncogenes for their survival. Oncogene addiction can be exploited to design molecularly targeted drugs that kill only cancer cells by inhibiting the specific oncogenes. Genes and cell lines exhibiting oncogene addiction, as well as the mechanisms by which cell death is induced when addicted oncogenes are suppressed, have been extensively studied. However, it is still not fully understood how oncogene addiction is acquired in cancer cells. Here, we take a synthetic biology approach to investigate whether oncogenic mutation or oncogene expression suffices to confer the property of oncogene addiction to cancer cells. We employed human mammary epithelium-derived MCF-10A cells expressing the oncogenic KRAS or BRAF. MCF-10A cells harboring an oncogenic mutation in a single-allele of KRAS or BRAF showed weak transformation activity, but no characteristics of oncogene addiction. MCF-10A cells overexpressing oncogenic KRAS demonstrated the transformation activity, but MCF-10A cells overexpressing oncogenic BRAF did not. Neither cell line exhibited any oncogene addiction properties. These results indicate that the introduction of oncogenic mutation or the overexpression of oncogenes is not sufficient for cells to acquire oncogene addiction, and that oncogene addiction is not associated with transformation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina E. Ito
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Regulation, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Sun M, Cai S, Li P, Zhang F, Zhang H, Zhou J. Design, synthesis and biological activity of bicyclic carboxamide derivatives as TRK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115811. [PMID: 33069129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
'precision medicine' is characterized by the selection of targeted drugs based on genetic characteristics of tumor from patients, and no longer selected basis on the type of cancer tissue. Among them, clinical trials on neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase genes (NTRK) have proven that great anti-cancer effects can be achieved in different cancer patients. In this paper, a novel total of twenty compounds in two categories have been designed and synthesized. Results of Kinase activity tests showed that I-9 (TRKA IC50 = 1.3 nM, TRKAG595R IC50 = 6.1 nM), and I-10 (TRKA IC50 = 1.1 nM, TRKAG595R IC50 = 5.3 nM) have significant inhibitory activity, and results of cell viability tests showed that I-9 and I-10 can maintain a great inhibitory effect in the Ba/F3-LMNA-NTRK1 cell line(IC50 = 81.1 nM and 41.7 nM, respectively), and in Ba/F3-LMNA-NTRK1-G595R cell line, I-9 and I-10 have better cell activity (IC50 was 495.3 nM, 336.6 nM, respectively) compared with the positive control drug LOXO-101. These results indicate that I-9 and I-10 are potential TRK inhibitors that can overcome drug resistance for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shi Cai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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24
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Han Y, Zhang X, Qi R, Li X, Gao Y, Zou Z, Cai R, Qi Y. Lucyoside B, a triterpenoid saponin from Luffa cylindrica, inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators via both nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1 pathways in activated macrophages. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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25
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Lun XK, Bodenmiller B. Profiling Cell Signaling Networks at Single-cell Resolution. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:744-756. [PMID: 32132232 PMCID: PMC7196580 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r119.001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling networks process intra- and extracellular information to modulate the functions of a cell. Deregulation of signaling networks results in abnormal cellular physiological states and often drives diseases. Network responses to a stimulus or a drug treatment can be highly heterogeneous across cells in a tissue because of many sources of cellular genetic and non-genetic variance. Signaling network heterogeneity is the key to many biological processes, such as cell differentiation and drug resistance. Only recently, the emergence of multiplexed single-cell measurement technologies has made it possible to evaluate this heterogeneity. In this review, we categorize currently established single-cell signaling network profiling approaches by their methodology, coverage, and application, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each type of technology. We also describe the available computational tools for network characterization using single-cell data and discuss potential confounding factors that need to be considered in single-cell signaling network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Kang Lun
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Life Science Zürich Graduate School, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Lee SY, Kim S, Lim Y, Yoon HN, Ku NO. Keratins regulate Hsp70-mediated nuclear localization of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.229534. [PMID: 31427430 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.229534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament protein keratin 8 (K8) binds to heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and p38 MAPK, and is phosphorylated at Ser74 by p38α (MAPK14, hereafter p38). However, a p38 binding site on K8 and the molecular mechanism of K8-p38 interaction related to Hsp70 are unknown. Here, we identify a p38 docking site on K8 (Arg148/149 and Leu159/161) that is highly conserved in other intermediate filaments. A docking-deficient K8 mutation caused increased p38-Hsp70 interaction and enhanced p38 nuclear localization, indicating that the p38 dissociated from mutant K8 makes a complex with Hsp70, which is known as a potential chaperone for p38 nuclear translocation. Comparison of p38 MAPK binding with keratin variants associated with liver disease showed that the K18 I150V variant dramatically reduced binding with p38, which is similar to the effect of the p38 docking-deficient mutation on K8. Because the p38 docking site on K8 (Arg148/149 and Leu159/161) and the K18 Ile150 residue are closely localized in the parallel K8/K18 heterodimer, the K18 I150V mutation might interfere with K8-p38 interaction. These findings show that keratins, functioning as cytoplasmic anchors for p38, modulate p38 nuclear localization and thereby might affect a number of p38-mediated signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Younglan Lim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Han-Na Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Nam-On Ku
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea .,Department of Bio-Convergence ISED, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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27
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Kinjo T, Terai K, Horita S, Nomura N, Sumiyama K, Togashi K, Iwata S, Matsuda M. FRET-assisted photoactivation of flavoproteins for in vivo two-photon optogenetics. Nat Methods 2019; 16:1029-1036. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Lee N, Lee JW, Kang GY, Park SH, Kim KP. Quantification of the Dynamic Phosphorylation Process of ERK Using Stable Isotope Dilution Selective Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1900086. [PMID: 31318149 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling is critical for various cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. The MAP kinase cascade is conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom as a three-tiered kinase module-MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase, and MAP kinase-that transduces signals via sequential phosphorylation upon stimulation. Dual phosphorylation of MAP kinase on the conserved threonine-glutamic acid-tyrosine (TEY) motif is essential for its catalytic activity and signal activation; however, the molecular mechanism by which the two residues are phosphorylated remains elusive. In the present study, the pattern of dual phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is profiled on the TEY motif using stable isotope dilution (SID)-selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mass spectrometry (MS) to elucidate the order and magnitude of endogenous ERK phosphorylation in cellular model systems. The SID-SRM-MS analysis of phosphopeptides demonstrates that tyrosine phosphorylation in the TEY motif is dynamic, while threonine phosphorylation is static. Analyses of the mono-phosphorylatable mutants ERKT202A and ERKY204F indicate that phosphorylation of tyrosine is not affected by the phosphorylation state of threonine, while threonine phosphorylation depends on tyrosine phosphorylation. The data suggest that dual phosphorylation of ERK is a highly ordered and restricted mechanism determined by tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Gum-Yong Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
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Divergent Dynamics and Functions of ERK MAP Kinase Signaling in Development, Homeostasis and Cancer: Lessons from Fluorescent Bioimaging. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040513. [PMID: 30974867 PMCID: PMC6520755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway regulates a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Since ERK activation promotes proliferation of many types of cells, its deregulated/constitutive activation is among general mechanisms for cancer. Recent advances in bioimaging techniques have enabled to visualize ERK activity in real-time at the single-cell level. Emerging evidence from such approaches suggests unexpectedly complex spatiotemporal dynamics of ERK activity in living cells and animals and their crucial roles in determining cellular responses. In this review, we discuss how ERK activity dynamics are regulated and how they affect biological processes including cell fate decisions, cell migration, embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis.
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30
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Kurtzeborn K, Kwon HN, Kuure S. MAPK/ERK Signaling in Regulation of Renal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1779. [PMID: 30974877 PMCID: PMC6479953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects derived from abnormalities in renal differentiation during embryogenesis. CAKUT is the major cause of end-stage renal disease and chronic kidney diseases in children, but its genetic causes remain largely unresolved. Here we discuss advances in the understanding of how mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) activity contributes to the regulation of ureteric bud branching morphogenesis, which dictates the final size, shape, and nephron number of the kidney. Recent studies also demonstrate that the MAPK/ERK pathway is directly involved in nephrogenesis, regulating both the maintenance and differentiation of the nephrogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly, aberrant MAPK/ERK signaling is linked to many cancers, and recent studies suggest it also plays a role in the most common pediatric renal cancer, Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kurtzeborn
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hyuk Nam Kwon
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Satu Kuure
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
- GM-unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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31
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Hirata M, Yao T, Fujimura S, Kanai Y, Yoshimoto M, Sato T, Ohmomo Y, Temma T. Development of a p38α-selective radioactive probe for qualitative diagnosis of cancer using SPECT. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:333-343. [PMID: 30953245 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (p38α) has drawn attention as a new target molecule for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, and its overexpression and activation have been reported in various types of cancer. In this study, a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging probe of p38α was developed to noninvasively image p38α activity for effective qualitative diagnosis of cancer. METHODS Pyrrolepyridine derivatives, m-YTM and p-YTM, were designed and synthesized based on the structure of the p38α-selective inhibitor. Radioactive iodine-labeled m-YTM, [125I]m-YTM, was synthesized because m-YTM greatly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38α upon examining the inhibitory effects of the compounds. After investigating the binding affinity of [125I]m-YTM to the recombinant p38α, a saturation binding experiment using activated p38α and inactive p38α was performed to determine the binding site. Uptake of [125I]m-YTM into various cancer cell lines was investigated, and the pharmacokinetics was evaluated using tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS The inhibitory activity of m-YTM was approximately 13 times higher than that of SB203580, a p38α-selective inhibitor. The binding site of [125I]m-YTM was estimated to be the p38α activating site, similar to that of SB203580, because the [125I]m-YTM bound strongly to both activated p38α and inactive p38α. Various different cancer cells incorporated [125I]m-YTM; however, its accumulation was significantly reduced by treatment with SB203580. Pharmacokinetics study of [125I]m-YTM in B-16 tumor-bearing mice was examined which revealed high accumulation of radioactivity in tumor tissues. The ratios of radioactivity in the B-16 tumor to that in blood were 3.1 and 50 after 1 and 24 h, respectively. The ratio of radioactivity in the tumor to that in blood in the tumor-bearing mice generated using other cancer cell lines was also ≥ 1 at 1 h after the administration of the probe. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that [123I]m-YTM has potential as a p38α imaging probe effective for various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Hirata
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Yao
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Fujimura
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Kanai
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshimoto
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.,Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaji Sato
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Ohmomo
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takashi Temma
- Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan.
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32
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Komatsubara AT, Goto Y, Kondo Y, Matsuda M, Aoki K. Single-cell quantification of the concentrations and dissociation constants of endogenous proteins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6062-6072. [PMID: 30739083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic simulation is a useful approach for elucidating complex cell-signaling systems. The numerical simulations required for kinetic modeling in live cells critically require parameters such as protein concentrations and dissociation constants (Kd ). However, only a limited number of parameters have been measured experimentally in living cells. Here we describe an approach for quantifying the concentration and Kd of endogenous proteins at the single-cell level with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. First, the mEGFP gene was knocked in at the end of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) gene, encoding extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), through homology-directed repair or microhomology-mediated end joining. Next, the HaloTag gene was knocked in at the end of the ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) gene. We then used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to measure the protein concentrations of endogenous ERK2-mEGFP and RSK2-HaloTag fusion constructs in living cells, revealing substantial heterogeneities. Moreover, fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy analyses revealed temporal changes in the apparent Kd values of the binding between ERK2-mEGFP and RSK2-HaloTag in response to epidermal growth factor stimulation. Our approach presented here provides a robust and efficient method for quantifying endogenous protein concentrations and dissociation constants in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira T Komatsubara
- From the Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; the Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yuhei Goto
- the Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; the Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- the Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; the Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; the Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; the Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- From the Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; the Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- the Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; the Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; the Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; the Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
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33
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Michmizos D, Hilioti Z. A roadmap towards a functional paradigm for learning & memory in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:209-215. [PMID: 30537608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the acquisition, processing and storage of empirical information can result in the modification of their behavior according to the nature of the stimulus, and yet this area of research remained relatively understudied until recently. As the body of evidence supporting the inclusion of plants among the higher organisms demonstrating the adaptations to accomplish these tasks keeps increasing, the resistance by traditional botanists and agricultural scientists, who were at first cautious in allowing the application of animal models onto plant physiology and development, subsides. However, the debate retains much of its heat, a good part of it originating from the controversial use of nervous system terms to describe plant processes. By focusing on the latest findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the well established processes of Learning and Memory, recognizing what has been accomplished and what remains to be explored, and without seeking to bootstrap neuronal characteristics where none are to be found, a roadmap guiding towards a comprehensive paradigm for Learning and Memory in plants begins to emerge. Meanwhile the applications of the new field of Plant Gnosophysiology look as promising as ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Michmizos
- Dept. of Agriculture, Crop Production & Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokos st, Volos, Magnesia, 384 46, Greece.
| | - Zoe Hilioti
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Center for Research & Technology (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
The MAPK pathway is a prominent intracellular signaling pathway regulating various intracellular functions. Components of this pathway are mutated in a related collection of congenital syndromes collectively referred to as neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes (NCFC) or Rasopathies. Recently, it has been appreciated that these disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, idiopathic ASD has also implicated the MAPK signaling cascade as a common pathway that is affected by many of the genetic variants that have been found to be linked to ASDs. This chapter describes the components of the MAPK pathway and how it is regulated. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight the various functions of the MAPK pathway during both embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and its roles in neuronal physiology and ultimately, behavior. Finally, we will summarize the perturbations to MAPK signaling in various models of autism spectrum disorders and Rasopathies to highlight how dysregulation of this pivotal pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism.
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35
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Yan W, Lakkaniga NR, Carlomagno F, Santoro M, McDonald NQ, Lv F, Gunaganti N, Frett B, Li HY. Insights into Current Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase (TRK) Inhibitors: Development and Clinical Application. J Med Chem 2018; 62:1731-1760. [PMID: 30188734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of kinase-directed precision medicine has been heavily pursued since the discovery and development of imatinib. Annually, it is estimated that around ∼20 000 new cases of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) cancers are diagnosed, with the majority of cases exhibiting a TRK genomic rearrangement. In this Perspective, we discuss current development and clinical applications for TRK precision medicine by providing the following: (1) the biological background and significance of the TRK kinase family, (2) a compilation of known TRK inhibitors and analysis of their cocrystal structures, (3) an overview of TRK clinical trials, and (4) future perspectives for drug discovery and development of TRK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
| | - Francesca Carlomagno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università Federico II , Via S Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy.,Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR , Via S Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Massimo Santoro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università Federico II , Via S Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Neil Q McDonald
- Signaling and Structural Biology Laboratory , The Francis Crick Institute , London NW1 1AT , U.K.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences , Birkbeck College , Malet Street , London WC1E 7HX , U.K
| | - Fengping Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
| | - Naresh Gunaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas 72205 , United States
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Matsuoka D, Furuya T, Iwasaki T, Nanmori T. Identification of tyrosine autophosphorylation sites of Arabidopsis MEKK1 and their involvement in the regulation of kinase activity. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3327-3334. [PMID: 30193004 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The MEKK1 kinase is a key regulator of stress signaling in Arabidopsis; however, little is known about the regulation of its kinase activity. Here, we found that recombinant MEKK1, expressed in both mammalian HEK293 cells and Escherichia coli, shows a mobility shift in SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting detected phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. N-terminal deletions, site-directed mutagenesis, and protein phosphatase treatment revealed that the mobility shift results from autophosphorylation of the kinase domain. We identified the tyrosine autophosphorylation sites in the N-terminal region of MEKK1. Tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations decrease phosphorylation of the substrate MKK1, suggesting the important role of this residue in the regulation of MEKK1 kinase activity. The present study is the first to show that plant MAPKKKs are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsuoka
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuya
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nanmori
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Otemae University, 2-1-88 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 540-0008, Japan
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37
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P-Rex1 is dispensable for Erk activation and mitogenesis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28612-28624. [PMID: 29983884 PMCID: PMC6033363 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate Dependent Rac Exchange Factor 1 (P-Rex1) is a key mediator of growth factor-induced activation of Rac1, a small GTP-binding protein widely implicated in actin cytoskeleton reorganization. This Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) is overexpressed in human luminal breast cancer, and its expression associates with disease progression, metastatic dissemination and poor outcome. Despite the established contribution of P-Rex1 to Rac activation and cell locomotion, whether this Rac-GEF has any relevant role in mitogenesis has been a subject of controversy. To tackle the discrepancies among various reports, we carried out an exhaustive analysis of the potential involvement of P-Rex1 on the activation of the mitogenic Erk pathway. Using a range of luminal breast cancer cellular models, we unequivocally showed that silencing P-Rex1 (transiently, stably, using multiple siRNA sequences) had no effect on the phospho-Erk response upon stimulation with growth factors (EGF, heregulin, IGF-I) or a GPCR ligand (SDF-1). The lack of involvement of P-Rex1 in Erk activation was confirmed at the single cell level using a fluorescent biosensor of Erk kinase activity. Depletion of P-Rex1 from breast cancer cells failed to affect cell cycle progression, cyclin D1 induction, Akt activation and apoptotic responses. In addition, mammary-specific P-Rex1 transgenic mice (MMTV-P-Rex1) did not show any obvious hyperproliferative phenotype. Therefore, despite its crucial role in Rac1 activation and cell motility, P-Rex1 is dispensable for mitogenic or survival responses in breast cancer cells.
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Zhen Z, Xing X, Xie M, Yang L, Yang X, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Ma N, Li Q, Zhang KQ, Yang J. MAP kinase Slt2 orthologs play similar roles in conidiation, trap formation, and pathogenicity in two nematode-trapping fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 116:42-50. [PMID: 29702229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase Slt2 is a key player in the cell-wall integrity pathway of budding yeast. In this study, we functionally characterized Slt2 orthologs AoSlt2 and MhSlt2 from the nematode-trapping fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora and Monacrosporium haptotylum, respectively. We found that disruption of AoSlt2 and MhSlt2 led to reduced mycelial growth, increased sensitivity to environmental stresses such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, Congo red, and H2O2, and an inability to produce conidia and nematode-trapping structures. Real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analyses showed that the transcription of sporulation-related (AbaA, Sep2, and MedA) and cell wall synthesis-related (Chs, Glu, and Gfpa) genes was down-regulated in the mutants compared with the wild-type strains. Moreover, the mutant strains showed reduced extracellular proteolytic activity and decreased transcription of three homologous serine protease-encoding genes. These results show for the first time that MAP kinase Slt2 orthologs play similar roles in regulating mycelial growth, conidiation, trap formation, stress resistance, and pathogenicity in the divergent nematode-trapping fungal species A. oligospora and M. haptotylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xinjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Meihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yaqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ni Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Powis G. Recent Advances in the Development of Anticancer Drugs that Act against Signalling Pathways. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 80:69-87. [PMID: 8016910 DOI: 10.1177/030089169408000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer can be considered a disease of deranged intracellular signalling. The intracellular signalling pathways that mediate the effects of oncogenes on cell growth and transformation present attractive targets for the development of new classes of drugs for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This is a new approach to developing anticancer drugs and the potential, as well as some of the problems, inherent in the approach are discussed. Anticancer drugs that produce their effects by disrupting signalling pathways are already in clinical trial. Some properties of these drugs, as well as other inhibitors of signalling pathways under development as potential anticancer drugs, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Powis
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson 85724
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40
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Tomasi ML, Ramani K. SUMOylation and phosphorylation cross-talk in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:20. [PMID: 29780898 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. The large spectrum of protein post-translational modification (PTM) includes numerous critical signaling events that occur during neoplastic transformation. PTMs occur to nearly all proteins and increase the functional diversity of proteins. We have reviewed the role of two major PTMs, SUMOylation and phosphorylation, in the altered signaling of key players in HCC. SUMOylation is a PTM that involves addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) group to proteins. It is known to regulate protein stability, protein-protein interactions, trafficking and transcriptional activity. The major pathways that are regulated by SUMOylation and may influence HCC are regulation of transcription, cell growth pathways associated with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and methionine adenosyltransferases (MAT), oxidative stress pathways [nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)], tumor suppressor pathways (p53), hypoxia-inducible signaling [hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)], glucose and lipid metabolism, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and β-Catenin signaling. Phosphorylation is an extensively studied PTM in HCC. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidyl inositol/AK-strain transforming (PI3K/AKT), and C-SRC pathways have been extensively studied for deregulation of kinases and alteration in signaling of targets through phosphorylation of their substrates. Cross-talk between phosphorylation and SUMOylation is known to influence transcriptional activity of proteins and protein-protein interactions. In HCC, several SUMOylation-dependent phosphorylation events have been studied such as MAPK activation and c-SRC activity that have been reviewed in this work. The drastic effects of site-specific phosphorylation or SUMOylation on enzyme activity of signaling players and its effect on growth and tumorigenesis suggests that these PTMs are novel targets for therapeutic intervention in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lauda Tomasi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Komal Ramani
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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41
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Umesono Y. Postembryonic Axis Formation in Planarians. DIVERSITY AND COMMONALITY IN ANIMALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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42
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A Abdullah A, Abdullah R, A Nazariah Z, N Balakrishnan K, Firdaus J Abdullah F, A Bala J, Mohd-Lila MA. Cyclophilin A as a target in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618811413. [PMID: 30449131 PMCID: PMC6243413 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618811413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on the cellular machinery of the host to regenerate and manufacture their proteins. Most antiviral drugs on the market today target viral proteins. However, the more recent strategies involve targeting the host cell proteins or pathways that mediate viral replication. This new approach would be effective for most viruses while minimizing drug resistance and toxicity. METHODS Cytomegalovirus replication, latency, and immune response are mediated by the intermediate early protein 2, the main protein that determines the effectiveness of drugs in cytomegalovirus inhibition. This review explains how intermediate early protein 2 can modify the action of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive, and antiviral drug. It also links all the pathways mediated by cyclosporin A, cytomegalovirus replication, and its encoded proteins. RESULTS Intermediate early protein 2 can influence the cellular cyclophilin A pathway, affecting cyclosporin A as a mediator of viral replication or anti-cytomegalovirus drug. CONCLUSION Cyclosporin A has a dual function in cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. It has the immunosuppressive effect that establishes virus replication through the inhibition of T-cell function. It also has an anti-cytomegalovirus effect mediated by intermediate early protein 2. Both of these functions involve cyclophilin A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Abdullah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 3 Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Zeenathul A Nazariah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan N Balakrishnan
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus J Abdullah
- 5 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Jamilu A Bala
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mohd-Azmi Mohd-Lila
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
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43
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Aoki K, Kondo Y, Naoki H, Hiratsuka T, Itoh RE, Matsuda M. Propagating Wave of ERK Activation Orients Collective Cell Migration. Dev Cell 2017; 43:305-317.e5. [PMID: 29112851 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical framework of collective cell migration has been extensively investigated in recent years; however, it remains elusive how chemical inputs from neighboring cells are integrated to coordinate the collective movement. Here, we provide evidence that propagation waves of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase activation determine the direction of the collective cell migration. A wound-healing assay of Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells revealed two distinct types of ERK activation wave, a "tidal wave" from the wound, and a self-organized "spontaneous wave" in regions distant from the wound. In both cases, MDCK cells collectively migrated against the direction of the ERK activation wave. The inhibition of ERK activation propagation suppressed collective cell migration. An ERK activation wave spatiotemporally controlled actomyosin contraction and cell density. Furthermore, an optogenetic ERK activation wave reproduced the collective cell migration. These data provide new mechanistic insight into how cells sense the direction of collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Higashiyama 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Higashiyama 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Honda Naoki
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Reina E Itoh
- Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Higashiyama 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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44
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Yang G, Yang X, Zhang J, Li G, Zheng D, Peng A, Hu J, Xu L, Yang B, Yang H, Zhou W, Tuzun E, Li J. Transcriptional repressor Blimp1 regulates follicular regulatory T-cell homeostasis and function. Immunology 2017; 153:105-117. [PMID: 28833081 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1) regulates T-cell homeostasis and function. Loss of Blimp1 could double the proportion of follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells. However, the effects that Blimp1 may have on the function of Tfr cells remain unknown. Here we document the function for Blimp1 in Tfr cells in vitro and in vivo. Data presented in this study demonstrate that Tfr cells indirectly inhibit the activation and differentiation of B cells by negatively regulating follicular helper T cells, so lowering the secretion of antibody. Lack of Blimp1 makes the immune suppression function of Tfr cells impaired in vitro. In the in vivo study, adoptive transfer of Tfr cells could reduce immune responses in germinal centres and relieve the muscle weakness symptoms of mice with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blimp1 deficiency resulted in reduced suppressive ability of Tfr cells. This study identifies that Tfr cells are potent suppressors of immunity and are controlled by Blimp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaosu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guancheng Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anjiao Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Baifeng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Department of Neurology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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45
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Tanimura S, Takeda K. ERK signalling as a regulator of cell motility. J Biochem 2017; 162:145-154. [PMID: 28903547 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is regulated by multiple processes, including cell protrusion, cell retraction, cell-matrix adhesion, polarized exocytosis and polarized vesicle trafficking, each of which is spatiotemporally controlled by various intracellular signalling pathways. Dysregulation of cell motility leads to pathological conditions, such as tumour invasion and metastasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling is one of the critical regulators of cell motility, although it is classically known as an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival through regulation of gene expression. ERK and its downstream kinase, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), dynamically regulate cell motility mainly through direct phosphorylation of various molecules that are not necessarily involved in the regulation of gene transcription and translation. In this review, we summarize how ERK signalling regulates cell motility by focusing on the components of the cell motility machinery that are directly regulated by ERK or RSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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46
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Saraiva JP, Oswald M, Biering A, Röll D, Assmann C, Klassert T, Blaess M, Czakai K, Claus R, Löffler J, Slevogt H, König R. Fungal biomarker discovery by integration of classifiers. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:601. [PMID: 28797245 PMCID: PMC5553868 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The human immune system is responsible for protecting the host from infection. However, in immunocompromised individuals the risk of infection increases substantially with possible drastic consequences. In extreme, systemic infection can lead to sepsis which is responsible for innumerous deaths worldwide. Amongst its causes are infections by bacteria and fungi. To increase survival, it is mandatory to identify the type of infection rapidly. Discriminating between fungal and bacterial pathogens is key to determine if antifungals or antibiotics should be administered, respectively. For this, in situ experiments have been performed to determine regulation mechanisms of the human immune system to identify biomarkers. However, these studies led to heterogeneous results either due different laboratory settings, pathogen strains, cell types and tissues, as well as the time of sample extraction, to name a few. Methods To generate a gene signature capable of discriminating between fungal and bacterial infected samples, we employed Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based classifiers on several datasets comprised of the above mentioned pathogens. Results When combining the classifiers by a joint optimization we could increase the consistency of the biomarker gene list independently of the experimental setup. An increase in pairwise overlap (the number of genes that overlap in each cross-validation) of 43% was obtained by this approach when compared to that of single classifiers. The refined gene list was composed of 19 genes and ranked according to consistency in expression (up- or down-regulated) and most of them were linked either directly or indirectly to the ERK-MAPK signalling pathway, which has been shown to play a key role in the immune response to infection. Testing of the identified 12 genes on an unseen dataset yielded an average accuracy of 83%. Conclusions In conclusion, our method allowed the combination of independent classifiers and increased consistency and reliability of the generated gene signatures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4006-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Saraiva
- Network Modelling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcus Oswald
- Network Modelling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Biering
- Network Modelling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Röll
- Network Modelling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Cora Assmann
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tilman Klassert
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Blaess
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Hortense Slevogt
- Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Network Modelling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, Jena, Germany. .,Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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47
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Gao Y, Hou R, Liu F, Liu H, Fei Q, Han Y, Cai R, Peng C, Qi Y. Obacunone causes sustained expression of MKP-1 thus inactivating p38 MAPK to suppress pro-inflammatory mediators through intracellular MIF. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:837-849. [PMID: 28657665 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obacunone (OBA) is a highly oxygenated triterpenoid with various pharmacological activities. In this study, we explored its anti-inflammatory effect and underlying mechanisms in LPS-activated macrophages. Our data showed that OBA potently decreased pro-inflammatory mediators (eg, NO, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1) at the transcriptional and translational levels without cytotoxicity. A mechanism study showed that OBA significantly suppressed p38-mediated AP-1 signaling by stabilizing the mRNA of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), thus prolonging the expression time of the MKP-1 protein. Next, we used computational target-fishing technology to predict the possible target of OBA. Only one potential target, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), was presented. Experimentally, the interaction between OBA and MIF was also confirmed. By using an anti-mouse MIF antibody, extracellular MIF (exMIF) was neutralized. Our results showed that autocrine MIF had slight influence on the pro-inflammatory mediator production. Correspondingly, the anti-inflammatory activity of OBA was also not affected. Accordingly, we knocked down the MIF gene in RAW 264.7 cells and obtained stable MIF deficient cells MIF(-), in which the effects of OBA on p38 phosphorylation, AP-1 activation, and pro-inflammatory mediator production in response to LPS nearly disappeared. In contrast to MIF(+) cells, the MKP-1 protein expression time of the MIF(-) cells was markedly prolonged. We conclude that OBA exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by targeting intracellular MIF (inMIF) inhibition to regulate the MKP-1/p38/AP-1 pathway. Our findings also provide a chain of evidence that the inhibition of inMIF, rather than exMIF, may become a novel target for inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China.,Chegndu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoling Fei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Runlan Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chegndu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yun Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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48
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Satthenapalli VR, Lamberts RR, Katare RG. Concise Review: Challenges in Regenerating the Diabetic Heart: A Comprehensive Review. Stem Cells 2017. [PMID: 28639375 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is one of the promising regenerative strategies developed to improve cardiac function in patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD). However, this approach is limited in IHD patients with diabetes due to a progressive decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells. This decline is mainly attributed to the metabolic memory incurred by diabetes on stem cell niche and their systemic cues. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in the diabetes-induced deterioration of stem cell function will be critical for developing new cardiac regeneration therapies. In this review, we first discuss the most common molecular alterations occurring in the diabetic stem cells/progenitor cells. Next, we highlight the key signaling pathways that can be dysregulated in a diabetic environment and impair the mobilization of stem/progenitor cells, which is essential for the transplanted/endogenous stem cells to reach the site of injury. We further discuss the possible methods of preconditioning the diabetic cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) with an aim to enrich the availability of efficient stem cells to regenerate the diseased diabetic heart. Finally, we propose new modalities for enriching the diabetic CPC through genetic or tissue engineering that would aid in developing autologous therapeutic strategies, improving the proliferative, angiogenic, and cardiogenic properties of diabetic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2017;35:2009-2026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R Satthenapalli
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Regis R Lamberts
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh G Katare
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Xu YJ, Elimban V, Dhalla NS. Suppression of phosphorylated MAPK and caspase 3 by carbon dioxide. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 436:23-28. [PMID: 28555276 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although CO2 is produced during the oxidation of different substrates in all types of cells, the role of this gas in the regulation of cellular function is not clearly understood. Since changes in several signal transduction as well as apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and other proteins are known to modify cellular function, we investigated if some of these proteins are altered upon incubating the rat hind leg skeletal muscle in a medium enriched with CO2 (1000-1200 ppm) for 30 min. CO2 was observed to depress phosphorylated levels of ERK1 (P44) and ERK2 (P42) without affecting the unphosphorylated content of these MAPK proteins. On the other hand, no change in p38 MAPK protein was found but the content of its degradation product 30 kDa proteins (both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated) was decreased. No alterations in the content of other signaling proteins (PKA and Akt), inflammatory molecule (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were seen upon exposure of the muscle to CO2. The content for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bad and Bcl2), except for a decrease in caspase 3, were also not affected by CO2. These results indicate that CO2 may serve as a gasotransmitter to regulate cellular function by depressing MAPK and caspase 3 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Kawabata N, Matsuda M. Cell Density-Dependent Increase in Tyrosine-Monophosphorylated ERK2 in MDCK Cells Expressing Active Ras or Raf. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167940. [PMID: 27936234 PMCID: PMC5148048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is one of the principal hub proteins that transmit growth signals from upstream oncogene products including Ras and BRaf to downstream effector proteins. However, there are both reports supporting and refuting the increase in ERK activity in cancer tissues expressing the active Ras and BRaf proteins. We considered that the cell density might account for this discrepancy. To examine this possibility, we prepared Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells that expressed an active HRas, NRas, KRas, or BRaf and an ERK biosensor based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). As we anticipated, expression of the active Ras or BRaf increased ERK activity at low cell densities. However, the ERK activity was markedly suppressed at high cell densities irrespective of the expression of the active Ras or BRaf. Western blotting analysis with Phos-tag gel revealed the decrease of tyrosine and threonine-diphosphorylated active ERK and the increase of tyrosine-monophosphorylated inactive ERK at high cell density. In addition, we found that calyculin A, an inhibitor for PPP-subfamily protein serine/threonine phosphatases, decreased the tyrosine-monophosphorylated ERK. Our study suggests that PPP-subfamily phosphatases may be responsible for cell density-dependent ERK dephosphorylation in cancer cells expressing active Ras or BRaf protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kawabata
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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