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Duan J, Du P, Jiang T, Ma X, Sun J, Liang J, Wang J, Liu C. Exploring the mechanism of enterotoxicity mediated by the microbiome-butyrate-PPAR axis in podophyllotoxin through the toxicological evidence chain (TEC) concept. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116548. [PMID: 38850705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a lignan derived from the roots and stems of the Podophyllum plant. However, its enterotoxicity restricts its clinical application. The underlying mechanisms by which PPT exerts its action remain largely elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT-induced enterotoxicity utilizing the concept of toxicological evidence chain. Changes in body weight, behavior, and histopathological and biochemical markers in rats were observed. Additionally, microbiome, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were integrated to identify potential microorganisms, metabolic markers, and major pathways using a co-occurrence network. Our findings suggested that PPT induced pathological changes in rats, including weight loss, diarrhea, and inflammation accompanied by increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-6, GRO/KC, and IL-12p70. The decrease in butyrate levels in the PPT group may be related to the enrichment of Firmicutes. The reduction of butyrate levels may impair the expression of PPARγ, subsequently promoting Escherichia-Shigella proliferation. Additionally, the suppression of PPARs pathway may result in the increased production of inflammatory factors, contributing to enterotoxicity. This study offers a novel understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PPT-induced enterotoxicity, making a significant contribution to developing strategies to mitigate PPT toxicity and prevent associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Peipei Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jin Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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Deshmukh SR, Nalkar AS, Sarkate AP, Tiwari SV, Lokwani DK, Thopate SR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2,3-Di-O-Aryl/Alkyl sulfonate derivatives of l-ascorbic acid: Efficient access to novel anticancer agents via in vitro screening, tubulin polymerization inhibition, molecular docking study and ADME predictions. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107402. [PMID: 38688199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel l-ascorbic acid derivatives bearing aryl and alkyl sulfonate substituents were synthesized and characterized. In vitro anticancer evaluation against MCF-7 (breast) and A-549 (lung) cancer cell lines revealed potent activity for most of the compounds, with 2b being equipotent to the standard drug colchicine against MCF-7 (IC50 = 0.04 μM). Notably, compound 2b displayed 89-fold selectivity for MCF-7 breast cancer over MCF-10A normal breast cells. Derivatives with two sulfonate groups (2a-g, 3a-g) exhibited superior potency over those with one sulfonate (4a-c,5g, 6b). Compounds 2b and 2c potently inhibited tubulin polymerization in A-549 cancer cells (73.12 % and 62.09 % inhibition, respectively), substantiating their anticancer potential through microtubule disruption. Molecular docking studies showed higher binding scores and affinities for these compounds at the colchicine-binding site of α, β-tubulin compared to colchicine itself. In-silico ADMET predictions indicated favourable drug-like properties, with 2b exhibiting the highest binding affinity. These sulfonate derivatives of l-ascorbic acid represents promising lead scaffolds for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414001, India
| | - Archana S Nalkar
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalay, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414001, India
| | - Aniket P Sarkate
- Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431004, India
| | - Shailee V Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Ramkrishna Paramhans College of Pharmacy, Hasnapur, Parbhani, Maharashtra 431401, India
| | - Deepak K Lokwani
- Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra 443001, India
| | - Shankar R Thopate
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalay, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414001, India.
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Rao VK, Ashtam A, Panda D, Guchhait SK. Natural-Product-Inspired Discovery of Trimethoxyphenyl-1,2,4-triazolosulfonamides as Potent Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300562. [PMID: 37975190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An approach of natural product-inspired strategy and incorporation of an NP-privileged motif has been investigated for the discovery of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Two series, N-Arylsulfonyl-3-arylamino-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivatives, and their isomers were considered. The compounds were synthesized by construction of the N-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine motif and sulfonylation. Although the chemo- and regioselectivity in sulfonylation were challenging due to multiple ring-tautomerizable-NH and exocyclic NH2 functionalities present in the molecular motifs, the developed synthetic method enabled the preparation of designed molecular skeletons with biologically important motifs. The approach also led to explore interesting molecular regio- and stereochemical aspects valuable for activity. The X-ray crystallography study indicated that the hydrogen bonding between the arylamine-NH and the arylsulfonyl-"O" unit and appropriate molecular-functionality topology allowed the cis-locking of two aryls, which is important for tubulin-binding and antiproliferative properties. All synthesized compounds majorly showed characteristic antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and four compounds exhibited potent antiproliferative activity. One compound potently bound to tubulin at the colchicine site and inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro. The compound significantly depolymerized microtubules in MCF-7 cells, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase, and induced cell death. This study represents the importance of the design strategy in medicinal chemistry and the molecular structural features relevant to anticancer anti-tubulin properties. The explored molecules have the potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajja Krishna Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Anvesh Ashtam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S. Nagar, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), 160062, S.A.S. Nagar, India
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Miranda-Vera C, Hernández ÁP, García-García P, Díez D, García PA, Castro MÁ. Podophyllotoxin: Recent Advances in the Development of Hybridization Strategies to Enhance Its Antitumoral Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2728. [PMID: 38140069 PMCID: PMC10747284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is a naturally occurring cyclolignan isolated from rhizomes of Podophyllum sp. In the clinic, it is used mainly as an antiviral; however, its antitumor activity is even more interesting. While podophyllotoxin possesses severe side effects that limit its development as an anticancer agent, nevertheless, it has become a good lead compound for the synthesis of derivatives with fewer side effects and better selectivity. Several examples, such as etoposide, highlight the potential of this natural product for chemomodulation in the search for new antitumor agents. This review focuses on the recent chemical modifications (2017-mid-2023) of the podophyllotoxin skeleton performed mainly at the C-ring (but also at the lactone D-ring and at the trimethoxyphenyl E-ring) together with their biological properties. Special emphasis is placed on hybrids or conjugates with other natural products (either primary or secondary metabolites) and other molecules (heterocycles, benzoheterocycles, synthetic drugs, and other moieties) that contribute to improved podophyllotoxin bioactivity. In fact, hybridization has been a good strategy to design podophyllotoxin derivatives with enhanced bioactivity. The way in which the two components are joined (directly or through spacers) was also considered for the organization of this review. This comprehensive perspective is presented with the aim of guiding the medicinal chemistry community in the design of new podophyllotoxin-based drugs with improved anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Miranda-Vera
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Ángela Patricia Hernández
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - Pilar García-García
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Pablo Anselmo García
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
| | - María Ángeles Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, CIETUS, IBSAL, Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (C.M.-V.); (Á.P.H.); (P.G.-G.); (P.A.G.)
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5
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Xu Y, He Z, Chen L, Wang H. A recent antitumor story of podophyllotoxin derivatives targeting tubulin: an update (2017-2022). Drug Discov Today 2023:103640. [PMID: 37236524 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
So far, numerous tubulin-targeted podophyllotoxin congeners were designed and synthesized to overcome the poor water-solubility and improve the pharmaceutical characteristics. However, few studies are dedicated to exploring the interaction of tubulin with the downstream signal transduction pathways, which is important for gaining insight into the role of tubulin in the anticancer action of podophyllotoxin-based conjugates. In this review, we described a detailed account of all the advances on tubulin targeting-podophyllotoxin derivatives from 2017 and 2022 with in depth knowledge about their antitumor action and potential molecular signaling pathways directly involved in tubulin depolymerization, aiming to help researchers design and develop better anticancer drugs derived from podophyllotoxin. Moreover, we also discussed the associated challenges and future opportunities in this field. Short teaser Recent reviews summarized podophyllotoxin-based analogues, with interaction between tubulin and signal pathways being rarely involved. This review comprehensively sum up how podophyllotoxin derivatives targeting tubulin exert their antitumor action via potential molecular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China
| | - Zihan He
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 35 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Huai Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. of China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Ba Yi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China.
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6
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Keller M, Winker M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Sperisen N, Gupta MP, Solis PN, Hamburger M, Potterat O, Gründemann C. Aryltetralin lignans from Hyptis brachiata inhibiting T lymphocyte proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114328. [PMID: 36739759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes plays an essential role in the development of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Currently used immunosuppressive drugs often do not provide long-lasting relief of symptoms and show a gradual loss of efficacy over time, and are accompanied by various side effects. Therefore, novel immunosuppressive lead substances are needed. For this purpose, an in-house library consisting of 600 extracts of plants from Panama was screened for inhibition of human T lymphocyte proliferation. As one of the hits, an ethyl acetate extract from the aerial parts of Hyptis brachiata (Lamiaceae) exhibited strong inhibitory effects. Subsequent investigation resulted in the isolation of seven aryltetralin lignans, five arylnaphthalene lignans, two flavonoids, three triterpenes, and cinnamyl cinnamate. Aryltetralin lignans inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner without induction of apoptosis. No relevant inhibition was observed for the arylnaphthalene lignans, flavonoids, and triterpenes. Additional cell cycle arrest investigations revealed that isolated aryltetralin lignans potently inhibited cell division in G2/M phase similarly to podophyllotoxin. Multifluorescence panel analyses of the extract also showed weak suppressive effects on the production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Therefore, preparations made out of H. brachiata could be further explored as an interesting herbal alternative in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Keller
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Winker
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nino Sperisen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mahabir P Gupta
- Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognosticas de la Flora Panamena (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Pablo N Solis
- Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognosticas de la Flora Panamena (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Yuan M, Su J, Zhang Y, Qin J, Yang H, Duan Y, Yao Y, Sun M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tubulin inhibitors targeting colchicine sites. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 83:129166. [PMID: 36736495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin, a potential target for antitumor drug discovery, contains three main binding sites for clinical inhibitors: colchicine, vinblastine, and paclitaxel. CA-4 has been reported to be a classic tubulin inhibitor targeting the colchicine site. Herein, based on the structural modification of CA-4, 48 novel compounds were designed and synthesized by selecting structural fragments with various biological activities to replace the cis double bond of CA-4. Among these compounds, compound 8p was the most effective tubulin inhibitor (IC50 = 65 nM aganist HepG2 cells). Immunofluorescence experiment confirmed the anti-tumor effect of 8p by destroying the network structure of microtubules. Further studies showed that 8p induced tumor cell apoptosis, arrested cell cycle, inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jingtian Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinling Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Moran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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8
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Podophyllotoxin and its derivatives: Potential anticancer agents of natural origin in cancer chemotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114145. [PMID: 36586242 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant secondary metabolites has gained considerable attention among clinicians in the prevention and treatment of cancer. A secondary metabolite isolated mainly from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species (Berberidaceae) is aryltetralin lignan - podophyllotoxin (PTOX). The purpose of this review is to discuss the therapeutic properties of PTOX as an important anticancer compound of natural origin. The relevant information regarding the antitumor mechanisms of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives were collected and analyzed from scientific databases. The results of the analysis showed PTOX exhibits potent cytotoxic activity; however, it cannot be used in its pure form due to its toxicity and generation of many side effects. Therefore, it practically remains clinically unusable. Currently, high effort is focused on attempts to synthesize analogs of PTOX that have better properties for therapeutic use e.g. etoposide (VP-16), teniposide, etopophos. PTOX derivatives are used as anticancer drugs which are showing additional immunosuppressive, antiviral, antioxidant, hypolipemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, attention is paid to the high potential of the usefulness of in vitro cultures of P. peltatum which can be a valuable source of lignans, including PTOX. In conclusion, the preclinical pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo confirm the anticancer and chemotherapeutic potential of PTOX and its derivatives. In the future, clinical studies on human subjects are needed to certify the antitumor effects and the anticancer mechanisms to be certified and analyzed in more detail and to validate the experimental pharmacological preclinical studies.
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Li M, Liu Y, Si H, Zhou X, Zhang YJ. Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Formosanol, Tsugacetal, and Methyl β-Conidendral. Org Lett 2022; 24:7812-7816. [PMID: 36222500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of aryltetralin lignan acetals, (-)-formosanol, (+)-tsugacetal, (+)-methyl β-conidendral, and their enantiomers have been accomplished on the basis of the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic cycloaddition as a key step. Six stereoisomers of the lignan acetals have been synthesized via a 7-8 step sequence in up to 14% overall yield. The in vitro cytotoxicity against several cancer cells has preliminarily been examined for the obtained six stereoisomers of lignan acetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Si
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
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10
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Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazole Hybrid Chalcone Conjugates as Potential Anticancer Agents and Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030280. [PMID: 35337078 PMCID: PMC8954831 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some (E)-3-(3-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one conjugates 5a–r were designed; synthesized; characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS; and evaluated for tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity and in vitro cytotoxicity against breast (MCF-7), cervical (SiHa), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cell lines, as well as a normal cell line (HEK-293T). The compounds were also tested to determine their binding modes at the colchicine-binding site of tubulin protein (PDB ID-3E22), for in silico ADME prediction, for bioactivity study, and for PASS prediction studies. Among all the synthesized conjugates, compound 5o exhibited excellent cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 2.13 ± 0.80 µM (MCF-7), 4.34 ± 0.98 µM (SiHa), and 4.46 ± 0.53 µM (PC-3) against cancer cell lines. The compound did not exhibit significant toxicity to the HEK cells. Results of the in silico prediction revealed that the majority of the conjugates possessed drug-like properties.
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11
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Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040603. [PMID: 33921719 PMCID: PMC8073934 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.
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Saruengkhanphasit R, Butkinaree C, Ornnork N, Lirdprapamongkol K, Niwetmarin W, Svasti J, Ruchirawat S, Eurtivong C. Identification of new 3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives and their structure-activity relationships as potent tubulin inhibitors and anticancer agents: A combined in silico, in vitro and synthetic study. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104795. [PMID: 33730670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Virtual screening of commercially available molecular entities by using CDRUG, structure-based virtual screening, and similarity identified eight new derivatives of 3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide with anti-proliferative activities. The molecules were tested experimentally for inhibition of tubulin polymerisation, which revealed furan-3-ylmethylene-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide (27a) as the most potent candidate. Molecule 27a was able to induce G2/M phase arrest in A549 cell line, similar to other tubulin inhibitors. Synthetic modifications of 27a were focussed on small substitutions on the furan ring, halogenation at R1 position and alteration of furyl connectivity. Derivatives 27b, 27d and 27i exhibited the strongest tubulin inhibition activities and were comparable to 27a. Bromine substitution at R1 position showed most prominent anticancer activities; derivatives 27b-27d displayed the strongest activities against HuCCA-1 cell line and were more potent than doxorubicin and the parent molecule 27a with IC50 values <0.5 μM. Notably, 27b with a 5-methoxy substitution on furan displayed the strongest activity against HepG2 cell line (IC50 = 0.34 µM), while 27d displayed stronger activity against A549 cell line (IC50 = 0.43 µM) compared to doxorubicin and 27a. Fluorine substitutions at the R1 position tended to show more modest anti-tubulin and anticancer activities, and change of 2-furyl to 3-furyl was tolerable. The new derivatives, thiophenyl 26, displayed the strongest activity against A549 cell line (IC50 = 0.19 µM), while 1-phenylethylidene 21b and 21c exhibited more modest anticancer activities with unclear mechanisms of action; 26 and 21c demonstrated G2/M phase arrest, but showed weak tubulin inhibitory properties. Molecular docking suggests the series inhibit tubulin at the colchicine site, in agreement with the experimental findings. The calculated molecular descriptors indicated that the molecules obey Lipinski's rule which suggests the molecules are drug-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroj Saruengkhanphasit
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Butkinaree
- Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Narittira Ornnork
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | | | - Worawat Niwetmarin
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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13
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Bai G, Zhao D, Ran X, Zhang L, Zhao D. Novel Hybrids of Podophyllotoxin and Coumarin Inhibit the Growth and Migration of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Front Chem 2021; 8:626075. [PMID: 33520940 PMCID: PMC7843452 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.626075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of oral tumor. In this study, two novel hybrids of podophyllotoxin and coumarin were designed using molecular hybridization strategy and synthesized. Pharmacological evaluation showed that the potent compound 12b inhibited the proliferation of three human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines with nanomolar IC50 values, as well as displayed less toxicity on normal cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that 12b triggered HSC-2 cell apoptosis, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell migration. Moreover, 12b could disturb the microtubule network via binding into the tubulin. It was noteworthy that induction of autophagy by 12b was associated with the upregulation of Beclin1, as well as LC3-II. Furthermore, 12b significantly stimulated the AMPK pathway and restrained the AKT/mTOR pathway in HSC-2 cells. These results indicated that compound 12b was a promising candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Guizhou Distinctive Plant Resources Conservation, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, China
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14
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Tailor D, Going CC, Resendez A, Kumar V, Nambiar DK, Li Y, Dheeraj A, LaGory EL, Ghoochani A, Birk AM, Stoyanova T, Ye J, Giaccia AJ, Le QT, Singh RP, Sledge GW, Pitteri SJ, Malhotra SV. Novel Aza-podophyllotoxin derivative induces oxidative phosphorylation and cell death via AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:604-615. [PMID: 33139797 PMCID: PMC7851402 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To circumvent Warburg effect, several clinical trials for different cancers are utilising a combinatorial approach using metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapeutic agents including metformin. The majority of these metabolic interventions work via indirectly activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to alter cellular metabolism in favour of oxidative phosphorylation over aerobic glycolysis. The effect of these drugs is dependent on glycaemic and insulin conditions. Therefore, development of small molecules, which can activate AMPK, irrespective of the energy state, may be a better approach for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. METHODS Therapeutic effect of SU212 on TNBC cells was examined using in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS We developed and characterised the efficacy of novel AMPK activator (SU212) that selectively induces oxidative phosphorylation and decreases glycolysis in TNBC cells, while not affecting these pathways in normal cells. SU212 accomplished this metabolic reprogramming by activating AMPK independent of energy stress and irrespective of the glycaemic/insulin state. This leads to mitotic phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells. In vivo, SU212 inhibits tumour growth, cancer progression and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS SU212 directly activates AMPK in TNBC cells, but does not hamper glucose metabolism in normal cells. Our study provides compelling preclinical data for further development of SU212 for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Catherine C Going
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Angel Resendez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Dhanya K Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Arpit Dheeraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Edward Lewis LaGory
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Ali Ghoochani
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alisha M Birk
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jiangbin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rana P Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - George W Sledge
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Sanjay V Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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15
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Ling X, Jiang X, Li Y, Han W, Rodriguez M, Xu Z, Lin W. Sequential Treatment of Bioresponsive Nanoparticles Elicits Antiangiogenesis and Apoptosis and Synergizes with a CD40 Agonist for Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:765-780. [PMID: 33347262 PMCID: PMC8216770 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of antiangiogenesis and chemotherapy regimens with cancer immunotherapy has the potential to synergistically boost antitumor immunity. Herein, we report the construction of two bioresponsive nanoparticles, namely, Podo-NP and CbP-NP, comprising prodrugs of podophyllotoxin (Podo) and carboplatin, respectively. Sequential treatment with esterase-responsive Podo-NP, redox-sensitive CbP-NP, and a CD40 agonist promotes antitumor T cell response. Podo-NP suppresses angiogenesis by preventing proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, sprouting of neovessels, formation of tubules, and stabilization of newly formed vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor blockade and endostatin stimulation normalize tortuous tumor vasculatures to allow efficient infiltration of effector immune cells. Subsequent treatment with CbP-NP arrests the cell-division cycle and elicits the apoptosis of tumor cells. CD40 agonist activates antigen-presenting cells to process the released tumor-associated antigens from dying tumor cells, thus reversing immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Sequential delivery of antiangiogenic and chemotherapeutic agents with bioresponsive NPs activates tumor microenvironments and synergizes with CD40 agonist to regress transplanted tumors and inhibit disseminated tumors in a lung cancer mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ling
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Megan Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziwan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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16
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Zu C, Yu Y, Yu C, Li Y, Sun R, Chaurasiya B, Tang B, Chen D, Tu J, Shen Y. Highly loaded deoxypodophyllotoxin nano-formulation delivered by methoxy polyethylene glycol-block-poly (D,L-lactide) micelles for efficient cancer therapy. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:248-257. [PMID: 32003255 PMCID: PMC7034029 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1716875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a kind of malignant diseases that threatens human health and the research application of anti-tumor drug therapeutics is growingly always been focused on. Many new compounds with great anticancer activity were synthesized but cannot be hard to be developed into clinical use due to its poor water solubility. Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) is just an example. We develop lyophilized Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) loaded polymeric micelles using methoxy polyethylene glycol-block-Poly (D, L-lactide) (mPEG-PLA). DPT-PM freeze-dried powder was successfully prepared using optimized formulation. mPEG-PLA was added to hydration media before hydrating as cryoprotectants. The freeze-dried powder exhibited white pie-solid without collapsing, and the particle size of DPT-PM reconstituted with water was about 20-35 nm. The entrapment efficiency of the reconstituted solution was 98%, which shows no differences with the micelles before lyophilization. In-vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies showed that DPT-PM has a higher degree of cytotoxicity comparing with DPT and mPEG-PLA micelles and uptake of mPEG-PLA was concentration and time-dependent. In vivo characterization of DPT-PM was done for pharmacokinetics behaviors, antitumor activity and safety. The obtained results showed significant improvement in plasma clearance bioavailability (p <0.05) and prolonged blood circulation time comparing with DPT-HP-β-CD. Moreover, mPEG-PLA micelles had a better degree of anti-tumor efficacy, this was due to better accumulation of mPEG-PLA in tumor cell via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Therefore, DPT-PM has great clinical value, and can be expected to be a novel antitumor preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinglan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiwei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Runing Sun
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Birendra Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoqiang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Nourbakhsh M, Farzaneh S, Taghikhani A, Zarghi A, Noori S. The Effect of a Newly Synthesized Ferrocene Derivative against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Spheroid Stem Cells through ROS Production and Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:875-886. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200101151743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) possess the ability of self-renewal and cellular
heterogeneity, and therefore, play a key role in the initiation, propagation and clinical outcome of breast cancer.
It has been shown that ferrocene complexes have remarkable potential as anticancer drugs.
Objective:
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of a novel ferrocene complex, 1-
ferrocenyl-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)propen-1-one (FMSP) on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and its derived
mammospheres with cancer stem cell properties.
Methods:
Mammospheres were developed from MCF-7 cells and validated by the evaluation of CD44 and
CD24 cell surface markers by flow cytometry as well as of the expression of genes that are associated with stem
cell properties by real-time PCR. Cells viability was assessed by a soluble tetrazolium salt (MTS) after the
treatment of cells with various concentrations of FMSP. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis of
annexin V and PI labeling of cells. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production was measured using a cellpermeable,
oxidant-sensitive fluorescence probe (carboxy-H2DCFDA). The involvement of the JAK2/STAT3
pathway was also investigated by western blotting.
Results:
FMSP could successfully prevent mammosphere formation from differentiated MCF-7 cells and significantly
down-regulated the expression of genes involved in the production of the stem cell properties including
Wnt1, Notch1, β -catenin, SOX2, CXCR4 and ALDH1A1. FMSP decreased cell viability in both MCF-7
cells and spheroid cells, although MCF-10A cells were unaffected by this compound. Apoptosis was also dramatically
induced by FMSP, via ROS production but independent of CD95 activation. Phosphorylation levels of
JAK2 and STAT3 were also found to be significantly attenuated even in the presence of IL-6, the putative activator
of the JAK/STAT pathway.
Conclusion:
FMSP can effectively target BCSCs via ROS production and modulation of major signaling pathways
that contribute to the stemness of breast cancer cells, and therefore, might be considered a promising anticancer
agent after in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Farzaneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adeleh Taghikhani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokoofe Noori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Maklad RM, AbdelHafez ESMN, Abdelhamid D, Aly OM. Tubulin inhibitors: Discovery of a new scaffold targeting extra-binding residues within the colchicine site through anchoring substituents properly adapted to their pocket by a semi-flexible linker. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103767. [PMID: 32325332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bis-hydrazides 13a-h were designed and synthesized as potential tubulin inhibitors selectively targeting the colchicine site between α- and β-tubulin subunits. The newly designed ring-B substituents were assisted at their ends by 'anchor groups' which are expected to exert binding interaction(s) with new additional amino acid residues in the colchicine site (beyond those amino acids previously reported to interact with reference inhibitors as CA-4 and colchicine). Conformational flexibility of bis-hydrazide linker assisted these 'extra-binding' properties through reliving ligands' strains in the final ligand-receptor complexes. Compound 13f displayed the most promising computational and biological study results in the series: MM/GBSA binding energy of -62.362 kcal/mol (extra-binding to Arg α:221, Thr β:353 & Lys β:254); 34% NCI-H522 cells' death (at 10 µM), IC50 = 0.073 µM (MTT assay); significant cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase; 11.6% preG1 apoptosis induction and 83.1% in vitro tubulin inhibition (at concentration = IC50). Future researchers in bis-hydrazide tubulin inhibitors are advised to consider the 2-chloro-N-(4-substituted-phenyl)acetamide derivatives as compound 13f due to extra-binding properties of their ring B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed M Maklad
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Dalia Abdelhamid
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Omar M Aly
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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19
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Hou M, Li S, Xu Z, Li B. A Reduction‐responsive Amphiphilic Methotrexate‐Podophyllotoxin Conjugate for Targeted Chemotherapy. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3840-3844. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meili Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University 174 Shazheng Street Chongqing 400044 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University 174 Shazheng Street Chongqing 400044 P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials and EnergySouthwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University 174 Shazheng Street Chongqing 400044 P. R. China
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20
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Resendez A, Tailor D, Graves E, Malhotra SV. Radiosensitization of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) by a Podophyllotoxin. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1314-1321. [PMID: 31531203 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection and radiotherapy are an effective treatment in many head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), but in others, the development of radiotherapy resistance limits treatment efficacy and permits disease progression. We developed a novel multiwell radiation dosing method to increase the throughput of our investigation of the activity of a novel podophyllotoxin SU093 in acting as a radiosensitizer in the HNSCC models FaDu and SCC-25. These in vitro studies showed that combining SU093 with 5 Grays ionizing radiation acted synergistically to increase HNSCC apoptosis and decrease its proliferation via inhibition of Nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), a key effector of the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation. Combined treatment reduced in vitro migration in a simulated wounding model while also promoting cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. These findings validate the potential of SU093 as a synergistic radiosensitizing agent for use in combination with localized radiotherapy in treatment resistant HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Resendez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Dhanir Tailor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Edward Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Sanjay V. Malhotra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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21
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Wen J, Liu F, Tao B, Sun S. GSH-responsive anti-mitotic cell penetrating peptide-linked podophyllotoxin conjugate for improving water solubility and targeted synergistic drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1019-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Rocha MP, Campana PRV, Scoaris DDO, Almeida VLD, Lopes JCD, Shaw JMH, Silva CG. Combined In Vitro Studies and in Silico Target Fishing for the Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum. Molecules 2018; 23:E3303. [PMID: 30551576 PMCID: PMC6321136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the in silico prediction of biological activities of lignans from Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum combined with an in vitro bioassays. The extracts from the leaves, roots and rhizomes of both species were evaluated for their antibacterial, anticholinesterasic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. A group of 27 lignans was selected for biological activities prediction using the Active-IT system with 1987 ligand-based bioactivity models. The in silico approach was properly validated and several ethnopharmacological uses and known biological activities were confirmed, whilst others should be investigated for new drugs with potential clinical use. The extracts from roots of D. cymosa and from rhizomes and roots of P. hexandrum were very effective against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, while podophyllotoxin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. D. cymosa leaves and roots showed anticholinesterasic and antioxidant activities, respectively. The evaluated extracts showed to be moderately toxic to THP-1 cells. The chromatographic characterization indicated that podophyllotoxin was the major constituent of P. hexandrum extract while kaempferol and its hexoside were the main constituents of D. cymosa leaves and roots, respectively. These results suggest that the podophyllotoxin could be the major antibacterial lignan, while flavonoids could be responsible for the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pereira Rocha
- Servico de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos FAFAR-UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Priscilla Rodrigues Valadares Campana
- Departamento de Produtos Farmaceuticos FAFAR-UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Denise de Oliveira Scoaris
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lucia de Almeida
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
| | - Julio Cesar Dias Lopes
- Chemoinformatics Group (NEQUIM), Departamento de Quimica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Julian Mark Hugh Shaw
- Science and Collections, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Working, Surrey GU23 6QB, UK.
| | - Claudia Gontijo Silva
- Servico de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
- Servico de Fitoquimica e Prospeccao Farmaceutica, Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil.
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Wu GR, Xu B, Yang YQ, Zhang XY, Fang K, Ma T, Wang H, Xue NN, Chen M, Guo WB, Jia XH, Wang PL, Lei HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of podophyllotoxin derivatives as selective antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:183-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Singh D, Fisher J, Shagalov D, Varma A, Siegel DM. Dangerous plants in dermatology: Legal and controlled. Clin Dermatol 2018; 36:399-419. [PMID: 29908582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The plant and mushroom kingdoms have species used for intoxication, inebriation, or recreation. Some of these species are toxic. Given that many of these plants or substances are illegal and have histories of abuse, much of the research regarding therapeutic application is based on basic science, animal studies, and traditional use. This review examines Cannabis, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Podophyllum, Veratrum, mushrooms, and nightshades, along with resveratrol and cocaine as they relate to dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptej Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM.
| | - Juliya Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Devorah Shagalov
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Aakaash Varma
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Daniel M Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
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25
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Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-podophyllotoxin is accomplished by a challenging organocatalytic cross-aldol Heck cyclization and distal stereocontrolled transfer hydrogenation in five steps from three aldehydes. Reversal of selectivity in hydrogenation led to the syntheses of other stereoisomers from the common precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Hajra
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus , Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
| | - Sujay Garai
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus , Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, UP, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur) , Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
| | - Sunit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IIT Kharagpur) , Kharagpur 721302, WB, India
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26
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Design, synthesis and anti-cancer evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives as potent tubulin-targeting agents. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Safarpoor M, Ghaedi M, Yousefinejad M, Javadian H, Asfaram A, Ghasemi Z, Jaberi H, Rahimi D. Podophyllotoxin extraction fromLinum usitatissimumplant and its anticancer activity against HT‐29, A‐549 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines with and without the presence of gold nanoparticles. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Department of ChemistryYasouj University Yasouj 75918‐74831 Iran
| | | | - Hamedreza Javadian
- Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ETSEIB Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research CenterYasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of ChemistryYasouj University Yasouj 75918‐74831 Iran
| | - Hajar Jaberi
- Department of BiochemistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71348‐57794 Iran
| | - Daruosh Rahimi
- Department of BiochemistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71348‐57794 Iran
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28
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P-3F, a microtubule polymerization inhibitor enhances P53 stability through the change in localization of RPS27a. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:53-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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29
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Sun WX, Ji YJ, Wan Y, Han HW, Lin HY, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design and synthesis of piperazine acetate podophyllotoxin ester derivatives targeting tubulin depolymerization as new anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4066-4074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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30
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Zhang L, Liu L, Zheng C, Wang Y, Nie X, Shi D, Chen Y, Wei G, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin-NSAIDs conjugates as multifunctional anti-MDR agents against resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402/5-FU cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel All-Trans-Retinoic Acid-Podophyllotoxin Conjugate towards Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040628. [PMID: 28420180 PMCID: PMC6154554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the purpose of creating a multifunctional drug for gastric cancer treatment, a novel all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) conjugate with podophyllotoxin (PPT) was designed and synthesized, and its in vitro antiproliferative activity was evaluated against human gastric cancer cell lines using CCK-8 assay. The conjugate, P-A, exhibited significant anticancer activity against MKN-45 and BGC-823 cells with IC50 values of 0.419 ± 0.032 and 0.202 ± 0.055 μM, respectively. Moreover, P-A efficiently triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in MKN-45 and BGC-823 cells due to modulation of cell cycle arrest- (CDK1, CDK2, CyclinA and CyclinB1) and apoptosis- (cleaved caspase-3, -8 and -9) related proteins, respectively. Further mechanism studies revealed that P-A could increase the expression levels of RARα and RARβ, and decrease the level of RARγ in MKN-45 and BGC-823 cells. Finally, P-A inhibited the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling in the above two cancer cell lines. More importantly, the underlying mechanisms of P-A were similar to those of precursor PPT but different with the other precursor ATRA. Together, the conjugate P-A was a promising candidate for the potential treatment of human gastric cancer.
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Podophyllum derivatives containing fluorine atom in the 3-position of 2-aminopyridine improved the antitumor activity by inducing P53-dependent apoptosis. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ling L, Yao C, Du Y, Ismail M, He R, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Li X. Assembled liposomes of dual podophyllotoxin phospholipid: preparation, characterization and in vivo anticancer activity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:657-672. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel amphiphilic prodrug dual podophyllotoxin (PPT) succinate glycerophosphorylcholine (Di-PPT-GPC) assembled liposomes was developed to improve efficiency of PPT. Materials & methods: Di-PPT-GPC liposomes were prepared by thin film technique and characterized by dynamic light scattering and cryo-electron microscopy. Results: In vitro release studies showed that Di-PPT-GPC liposomes could significantly release PPT in weakly acidic environment but had good stability under biological conditions. Methyl tetrazolium assay data revealed that the liposomes have comparable cytotoxicities to free PPT against MCF-7, HeLa and U87 cells. More importantly, in vivo antitumor evaluation indicated that Di-PPT-GPC liposomes exhibited favorable tumor growth inhibition without side effects. Conclusion: Di-PPT-GPC liposomes might have potential to promote the therapeutic effect of PPT for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbing Ling
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Chen Yao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yawei Du
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Ruiyu He
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yongpeng Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Xinsong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
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Yu X, Che Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Podophyllotoxins. Chemistry 2017; 23:4467-4526. [PMID: 27726183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin and its related aryltetralin cyclolignans belong to a family of important products that exhibit various biological properties (e.g., cytotoxic, insecticidal, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neurotoxic, immunosuppressive, antirheumatic, antioxidative, antispasmogenic, and hypolipidemic activities). This Review provides a survey of podophyllotoxin and its analogues isolated from plants. In particular, recent developments in the elegant total chemical synthesis, structural modifications, biosynthesis, and biotransformation of podophyllotoxin and its analogues are summarized. Moreover, a deoxypodophyllotoxin-based chemosensor for selective detection of mercury ion is described. In addition to the most active podophyllotoxin derivatives in each series against human cancer cell lines and insect pests listed in the tables, the structure-activity relationships of podophyllotoxin derivatives as cytotoxic and insecticidal agents are also outlined. Future prospects and further developments in this area are covered at the end of the Review. We believe that this Review will provide necessary information for synthetic, medicinal, and pesticidal chemistry researchers who are interested in the chemistry and biology of podophyllotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design and Synthesis, College of Plant Protection/Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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35
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Zhang L, Wang J, Liu L, Zheng C, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wei G. Podophyllotoxin–pterostilbene fused conjugates as potential multifunctional antineoplastic agents against human uveal melanoma cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugate B1 showed potential multifunctional antineoplastic activity against human uveal melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Lai Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Chengyue Zheng
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Wei
- CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship
- Lindfield
- Australia
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36
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Zhang L, Chen F, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Lin Y, Wang J. Design, synthesis and evaluation of the multidrug resistance-reversing activity of pyridine acid esters of podophyllotoxin in human leukemia cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4466-4471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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37
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Liu YN, Wang JJ, Ji YT, Zhao GD, Tang LQ, Zhang CM, Guo XL, Liu ZP. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1-Methyl-1,4-dihydroindeno[1,2-c]pyrazole Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents Targeting Tubulin Colchicine Binding Site. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5341-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Na Liu
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ting Ji
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Long-Qian Tang
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Peng Liu
- Institute of Medicinal
Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
(Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of
Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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38
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Ortore G, Orlandini E, Braca A, Ciccone L, Rossello A, Martinelli A, Nencetti S. Targeting Different Transthyretin Binding Sites with Unusual Natural Compounds. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1865-74. [PMID: 27159149 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of the transthyretin (TTR) protein leads to certain forms of amyloidosis. Some nutraceuticals, such as flavonoids and natural polyphenols, have recently been investigated as modulators of the self-assembly process of TTR, but they generally suffer from limited bioavailability. To discover innovative and more bioavailable natural compounds able to inhibit TTR amyloid formation, a docking study was performed using the crystallographic structure of TTR. This computational strategy was projected as an ad hoc inspection of the possible relationship between binding site location and modulation of the assembly process; interactions with the as-yet-unexplored epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) sites and with the thyroxine (T4) pocket were simultaneously analyzed. All the compounds studied seem to prefer the traditional T4 binding site, but some interesting results emerged from the screening of an in-house database, used for validating the computational protocol, and of the Herbal Ingredients Targets (HIT) catalogue available on the ZINC database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ortore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, V. Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Chaudhary V, Venghateri JB, Dhaked HPS, Bhoyar AS, Guchhait SK, Panda D. Novel Combretastatin-2-aminoimidazole Analogues as Potent Tubulin Assembly Inhibitors: Exploration of Unique Pharmacophoric Impact of Bridging Skeleton and Aryl Moiety. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3439-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Jubina B. Venghateri
- IITB-Monash Research
Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Hemendra P. S. Dhaked
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anil S. Bhoyar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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40
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Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Y, Chen F, Lin Y, Zhu X. Potential anti-MDR agents based on the podophyllotoxin scaffold: synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation against chronic myeloid leukemia cells by activating MAPK signaling pathways. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound 9k exhibited excellent cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, downregulated Pgp expression and up-regulated the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38 in K562/ADR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Zeguo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Ya Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
| | - Xinling Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- P.R.China
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Kandil S, Wymant JM, Kariuki BM, Jones AT, McGuigan C, Westwell AD. Novel cis-selective and non-epimerisable C3 hydroxy azapodophyllotoxins targeting microtubules in cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 110:311-25. [PMID: 26854430 PMCID: PMC4762250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PT) and its clinically used analogues are known to be powerful antitumour agents. These compounds contain a trans fused strained γ-lactone system, a feature that correlates to the process of epimerisation, whereby the trans γ-lactone system of ring D opens and converts to the more thermodynamically stable cis epimer. Since these cis epimers are known to be either less active or lacking antitumour activity, epimerisation is an undesirable feature from a chemotherapeutic point of view. To circumvent this problem, considerable efforts have been reported, amongst which is the synthesis of azapodophyllotoxins where the stereocentres at C2 and C3 are removed in order to preclude epimerisation. Herein we report the identification of a novel C3 hydroxy, cis-selective γ-lactone configuration of ring C in the azapodophyllotoxin scaffold, through an efficient stereoselective multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving fluorinated and non-fluorinated aldehydes. This configuration releases the highly strained trans γ-lactone system in podophyllotoxin analogues into the more thermodynamically stable cis γ-lactone motif and yet retains significantly potent activity. These compounds were evaluated against the human cancer lines MCF-7 and 22Rv1 in vitro. Fourteen out of the seventeen tested compounds exhibited sub-micromolar activity with IC50 values in the range of 0.11-0.91 μM, which is comparable and in some cases better than the activity profile of etoposide in this assay. Interestingly, we obtained strong evidence from spectroscopic and X-ray data analyses that the previously reported structure of similar analogues is not accurate. Molecular modelling performed using the podophyllotoxin binding site on β tubulin revealed a novel binding mode of these analogues. Furthermore, sub-cellular study of our compounds using immunolabelling and confocal microscopy analyses showed strong microtubule disruptive activity, particularly in dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Kandil
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer M Wymant
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Benson M Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher McGuigan
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Westwell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, Wales, United Kingdom.
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42
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Bai L, Wang R, Zou Y, Xu G. Design, synthesis and antitubulin activity of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives as potent anticancer agent. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-5325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shankaraiah N, Kumar NP, Amula SB, Nekkanti S, Jeengar MK, Naidu V, Reddy TS, Kamal A. One-pot synthesis of podophyllotoxin–thiourea congeners by employing NH2SO3H/NaI: Anticancer activity, DNA topoisomerase-II inhibition, and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kamal A, Ali Hussaini SM, Rahim A, Riyaz S. Podophyllotoxin derivatives: a patent review (2012 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:1025-34. [PMID: 26027947 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1051727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a naturally occurring antimitotic agent and an interesting lead in the development of anticancer agents. Its optimization led to the development of etoposide and teniposide used in combination chemotherapy with other anticancer drugs; unlike PPT these drugs act by inhibiting topoisomerases. Clinical success and toxicity issues at later stages of etoposide usage inclined researchers to develop structurally modified PPT derivatives. Some of the compounds obtained are under clinical investigations and are anticipated to reach the market. AREAS COVERED The present review summarizes the attempts made by researchers across the globe to find out newer anticancer agents based on the PPT structure. It brings out the outline of the inventions filed in the form of patents during the years 2012 - 2014. EXPERT OPINION After the successful development of etoposide and teniposide there has been considerable interest in the PPT skeleton to develop newer chemotherapeutic agents. In this regard, several PPT derivatives such as TOP53, GL331, NK611, F11782, and so on, have been developed and are undergoing clinical trials. However, its low natural abundance is a major problem in carrying out research on PPT skeleton. This issue is expected to be addressed with the development of newer synthetic strategies to access structurally modified PPTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- a 1 CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology , Hyderabad 500007, India +91 40 27193157 ; +91 40 27193189 ;
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DeBono A, Capuano B, Scammells PJ. Progress Toward the Development of Noscapine and Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5699-727. [PMID: 25811651 DOI: 10.1021/jm501180v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many nitrogen-moiety containing alkaloids derived from plant origins are bioactive and play a significant role in human health and emerging medicine. Noscapine, a phthalideisoquinoline alkaloid derived from Papaver somniferum, has been used as a cough suppressant since the mid 1950s, illustrating a good safety profile. Noscapine has since been discovered to arrest cells at mitosis, albeit with moderately weak activity. Immunofluorescence staining of microtubules after 24 h of noscapine exposure at 20 μM elucidated chromosomal abnormalities and the inability of chromosomes to complete congression to the equatorial plane for proper mitotic separation ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1998 , 95 , 1601 - 1606 ). A number of noscapine analogues possessing various modifications have been described within the literature and have shown significantly improved antiprolific profiles for a large variety of cancer cell lines. Several semisynthetic antimitotic alkaloids are emerging as possible candidates as novel anticancer therapies. This perspective discusses the advancing understanding of noscapine and related analogues in the fight against malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron DeBono
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
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Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity of perbutyrylated glycosides of 4β-triazolopodophyllotoxin derivatives. Molecules 2015; 20:3255-80. [PMID: 25690288 PMCID: PMC6272287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel perbutyrylated glycosides of 4β-triazolopodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by utilizing the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Evaluation of cytotoxicity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using the MTT assay shows that some of these glycosylated derivatives have good anticancer activity. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 21a shows the highest activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 6.70 μM, which is more potent than the control drugs etoposide and cisplatin. Compound 21a is characterized by a perbutyrylated α-D(+)-galactosyl residue, the absence of an additional linking spacer between the sugar residue and the triazole ring, as well as a 4'-OH group on the E ring of the podophyllotoxin scaffold.
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Banday AH, Kulkarni VV, Hruby VJ. Design, synthesis, and biological and docking studies of novel epipodophyllotoxin–chalcone hybrids as potential anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click-chemistry based design and efficient synthesis of podophyllotoxin–chalcone conjugates as potential topoisomerase-II inhibitors towards the development of better anticancer leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain Banday
- Department of Chemistry
- Islamia College of Science and Commerce
- Srinagar
- India-190009
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Vinod V. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA-85721
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Arizona
- Tucson
- USA-85721
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Chang P, Aillerie A, Kosmala M, Pellegrini S, Bousquet T, Bigan M, Pélinski L. Catalytic one-pot microwave assisted synthesis of 4-azapodophyllotoxin derivatives and rational design of experiment. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic one-pot microwave assisted synthesis of 4-azapodophyllotoxin has been described. Rational design of experiment has been used to obtain the reaction yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chang
- Université de Lille
- 59000 Lille
- France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
| | - Alexandre Aillerie
- Université de Lille
- 59000 Lille
- France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
| | - Marion Kosmala
- Université de Lille
- 59000 Lille
- France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
| | - Sylvain Pellegrini
- Université de Lille
- 59000 Lille
- France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
| | - Till Bousquet
- Université de Lille
- 59000 Lille
- France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
| | - Muriel Bigan
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
- ENSCL
- 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq
- France
| | - Lydie Pélinski
- Université de Lille
- 59000 Lille
- France
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide
- UMR CNRS 8181
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Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhang L, Chen F, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Zhu X. Novel isatin derivatives of podophyllotoxin: synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation against human leukaemia cancer cells as potent anti-MDR agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound8cexhibited cytotoxicity at nanomolar range; induced G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by apoptosis and down-regulated the levels of Pgp, MRP-1 and GST-π.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Zeguo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Ya Lin
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
| | - Xinling Zhu
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
- Zunyi 563003
- China
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