1
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Yuan D, Li S, Xu YJ, Ma S, Zhang K, Le J, Wang Y, Ma B, Jiang P, Zhang L, Xu J. Response of dissolved carbon dioxide and methane concentration to warming in shallow lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121116. [PMID: 38219687 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Shallow lake ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuation because of their high water surface-to-volume ratios. Shallow lakes have been increasingly identified as a hotspot of CO2 and CH4 emissions, but their response to temperature variation remains unclear. Here, we report from a 5-month outdoor mesocosm experiment where we investigated the impacts of a projected 3.5 °C future warming and monthly temperature changes on lake CO2 and CH4, as well as the key drivers affecting the lake carbon cycling. Our results show that CO2 and CH4 concentrations had a significantly positive correlation with monthly temperatures. CH4 concentration was primarily regulated by monthly temperature, while nutrients effects on CO2 concentration overrode climate warming and temporal temperature changes. These findings imply the varied roles that temperature and nutrient levels can play on CO2 and CH4 dynamics in shallow lake systems. The relationship between temperature and CO2 concentration was nonlinear, showing a threshold of approximately 9 °C, at which CO2 concentration could be strongly modified by nutrient level in the lake systems. Understanding this complex relationship between temperature with CO2 and CH4 concentrations in shallow lakes is crucial for effective lake management and efficient control of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yuan
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Siyue Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shiwang Ma
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingquan Le
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Bingjie Ma
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Liuqing Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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2
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Michaletz ST, Garen JC. Hotter is not (always) better: Embracing unimodal scaling of biological rates with temperature. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14381. [PMID: 38332503 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Rate-temperature scaling relationships have fascinated biologists for nearly two centuries and are increasingly important in our era of global climate change. These relationships are hypothesized to originate from the temperature-dependent kinetics of rate-limiting biochemical reactions of metabolism. Several prominent theories have formalized this hypothesis using the Arrhenius model, which characterizes a monotonic temperature dependence using an activation energy E. However, the ubiquitous unimodal nature of biological temperature responses presents important theoretical, methodological, and conceptual challenges that restrict the promise for insight, prediction, and progress. Here we review the development of key hypotheses and methods for the temperature-scaling of biological rates. Using simulations, we examine the constraints of monotonic models, illustrating their sensitivity to data nuances such as temperature range and noise, and their tendency to yield variable and underestimated E, with critical consequences for climate change predictions. We also evaluate the behaviour of two prominent unimodal models when applied to incomplete and noisy datasets. We conclude with recommendations for resolving these challenges in future research, and advocate for a shift to unimodal models that better characterize the full range of biological temperature responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Josef C Garen
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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González-Ferreras AM, Barquín J, Blyth PSA, Hawksley J, Kinsella H, Lauridsen R, Morris OF, Peñas FJ, Thomas GE, Woodward G, Zhao L, O'Gorman EJ. Chronic exposure to environmental temperature attenuates the thermal sensitivity of salmonids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8309. [PMID: 38097543 PMCID: PMC10721842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism, the biological processing of energy and materials, scales predictably with temperature and body size. Temperature effects on metabolism are normally studied via acute exposures, which overlooks the capacity for organisms to moderate their metabolism following chronic exposure to warming. Here, we conduct respirometry assays in situ and after transplanting salmonid fish among different streams to disentangle the effects of chronic and acute thermal exposure. We find a clear temperature dependence of metabolism for the transplants, but not the in-situ assays, indicating that chronic exposure to warming can attenuate salmonid thermal sensitivity. A bioenergetic model accurately captures the presence of fish in warmer streams when accounting for chronic exposure, whereas it incorrectly predicts their local extinction with warming when incorporating the acute temperature dependence of metabolism. This highlights the need to incorporate the potential for thermal acclimation or adaptation when forecasting the consequences of global warming on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia M González-Ferreras
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Jose Barquín
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Penelope S A Blyth
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jack Hawksley
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Hugh Kinsella
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rasmus Lauridsen
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, East Stoke, Wareham, BH20 6BB, UK
- Six Rivers Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Olivia F Morris
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Francisco J Peñas
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Gareth E Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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4
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Xu C, Silliman BR, Chen J, Li X, Thomsen MS, Zhang Q, Lee J, Lefcheck JS, Daleo P, Hughes BB, Jones HP, Wang R, Wang S, Smith CS, Xi X, Altieri AH, van de Koppel J, Palmer TM, Liu L, Wu J, Li B, He Q. Herbivory limits success of vegetation restoration globally. Science 2023; 382:589-594. [PMID: 37917679 DOI: 10.1126/science.add2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoring vegetation in degraded ecosystems is an increasingly common practice for promoting biodiversity and ecological function, but successful implementation is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the processes that limit restoration success. By synthesizing terrestrial and aquatic studies globally (2594 experimental tests from 610 articles), we reveal substantial herbivore control of vegetation under restoration. Herbivores at restoration sites reduced vegetation abundance more strongly (by 89%, on average) than those at relatively undegraded sites and suppressed, rather than fostered, plant diversity. These effects were particularly pronounced in regions with higher temperatures and lower precipitation. Excluding targeted herbivores temporarily or introducing their predators improved restoration by magnitudes similar to or greater than those achieved by managing plant competition or facilitation. Thus, managing herbivory is a promising strategy for enhancing vegetation restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Jianshe Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xincheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mads S Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group and Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
- Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICETC, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brent B Hughes
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Carter S Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Xinqiang Xi
- Department of Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew H Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Yerseke, Netherlands
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Todd M Palmer
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bo Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Yuan D, Xu YJ, Ma S, Le J, Zhang K, Miao R, Li S. Nitrogen addition effect overrides warming effect on dissolved CO 2 and phytoplankton structure in shallow lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120437. [PMID: 37556989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Shallow lakes are numerous in all climate zones, but our knowledge about their dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) response to future climate change and nutrient enrichment is rather limited. Here we performed a mesocosm experiment with four treatments to investigate how warming and nitrogen addition will impact the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and phytoplankton community individually and combined. We found that warming alone had no significant effect on pCO2, while nitrogen addition increased pCO2 significantly. The combined effects of nitrogen addition and warming on pCO2 level were prevalent, indicating that eutrophic shallow lakes would be double-jeopardized in the future climate. Warming and nitrogen addition together also showed to have changed the phytoplankton community structure, suggesting a potential shifting of biological system in shallow lakes under changing climate. These findings highlight the importance of reducing nitrogen pollution to shallow lake systems for sustainable development goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yuan
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Y Jun Xu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Shiwang Ma
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jingquan Le
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Rongli Miao
- Hydrobiological Data Analysis Center, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Siyue Li
- School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Institute of Changjiang Water Environment and Ecological Security, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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6
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Loerracher AK, Schmidt J, Ebke P, Schmolke A, Abi-Akar F, Galic N, Ashauer R. Characterization of patterns and variability in the dynamics of outdoor aquatic mesocosms: exploring the capabilities and challenges in data supporting aquatic system models. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:782-801. [PMID: 37491685 PMCID: PMC10449964 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic mesocosms are complex test systems used within regulatory risk assessment of plant protection products. These model ecosystems allow researchers to capture interactions of multiple species under realistic environmental conditions. They enable assessment of direct and indirect effects of stressors at all trophic levels (i.e., from primary producers to secondary consumers) and impacts on ecosystem functions. Due to the limited ability to test the multitude of potential exposure scenarios, cross-linking aquatic mesocosm studies with virtual mesocosms, i.e., aquatic system models (ASMs), can serve to meet the demand for more environmental realism and ecological relevance in risk assessment. In this study, full control data sets from seven aquatic mesocosm studies conducted at a single test facility under GLP were analysed graphically and using descriptive statistics. Thereby, not only a comprehensive data base but also an insight into the species present, their dynamics over time, and variability in unchallenged mesocosms was observed. While consistency in dynamics could be discerned for physical and chemical parameters, variability was evident for several biological endpoints. This variability points to amplification of small differences over time as well as to stochastic processes. The outline of existing gaps and uncertainties in data leads to the estimation of what can be expected to be captured and predicted by ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Ebke
- Mesocosm GmbH, Homberg (Ohm), Hesse, Germany
| | | | | | - Nika Galic
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Ashauer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
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7
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Álvarez‐Codesal S, Faillace CA, Garreau A, Bestion E, Synodinos AD, Montoya JM. Thermal mismatches explain consumer-resource dynamics in response to environmental warming. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10179. [PMID: 37325725 PMCID: PMC10264966 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing temperatures will impact food webs in ways we yet to fully understand. The thermal sensitivities of various physiological and ecological processes differ across organisms and study systems, hindering the generation of accurate predictions. One step towards improving this picture is to acquire a mechanistic understanding of how temperature change impacts trophic interactions before we can scale these insights up to food webs and ecosystems. Here, we implement a mechanistic approach centered on the thermal sensitivity of energetic balances in pairwise consumer-resource interactions, measuring the thermal dependence of energetic gain and loss for two resource and one consumer freshwater species. Quantifying the balance between energy gain and loss, we determined the temperature ranges where the balance decreased for each species in isolation (intraspecific thermal mismatch) and where a mismatch in the balance between consumer and resource species emerged (interspecific thermal mismatch). The latter reveals the temperatures for which consumer and resource energetic balances respond either differently or in the same way, which in turn informs us of the strength of top-down control. We found that warming improved the energetic balance for both resources, but reduces it for the consumer, due to the stronger thermal sensitivity of respiration compared to ingestion. The interspecific thermal mismatch yielded different patterns between the two consumer-resource pairs. In one case, the consumer-resource energetic balance became weaker throughout the temperature gradient, and in the other case it produced a U-shaped response. By also measuring interaction strength for these interaction pairs, we demonstrated the correspondence of interspecific thermal mismatches and interaction strength. Our approach accounts for the energetic traits of both consumer and resource species, which combined produce a good indication of the thermal sensitivity of interaction strength. Thus, this novel approach links thermal ecology with parameters typically explored in food-web studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cara A. Faillace
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology StationCNRSMoulisFrance
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Elvire Bestion
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology StationCNRSMoulisFrance
| | | | - José M. Montoya
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology StationCNRSMoulisFrance
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8
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Ma J, Lai Q, He F, Li W, Li Z. Warming Enhances the Co-Metabolism Effect During the Decomposition of Sediment Organic Carbon in Eutrophic Lakes. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:984-989. [PMID: 36178504 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Warming has been affecting carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems throughout recent decades. However, how the co-metabolism effect (CE) during the decomposition of sediment organic carbon (SOC) in eutrophic lakes responds to warming remains understudied. A 33-day experiment was conducted to examine the mechanisms that underpin the CE in lacustrine sediments. The results indicated that warming increased the co-metabolism intensity of sedimentary organic matter. At the beginning of the experiment (0-9 d), the co-metabolism intensity increased rapidly at both 25℃ and 35℃. However, at the end of the experiment (33 d), the cumulative co-metabolism intensity was highest at 25℃, which was 33.75% and 153.74% higher than the intensities at 15℃ and 35℃, respectively. By enhancing the co-metabolism intensity of the SOC, warming would weaken lakes "carbon sink" functions. Thus, our study provides novel evidence that microorganisms regulate SOC turnover and effectively maintain a balance between resources and microbial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 210042, Nanjing, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuying Lai
- Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 210042, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 210042, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weixin Li
- Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 210042, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhichun Li
- School of Environment and Surveying Engineering, Suzhou University, 234000, Suzhou, P. R. China
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9
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Gonzalez LM, Proulx SR, Moeller HV. Modeling the metabolic evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton in response to rising ocean surface temperatures. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:136. [DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Climate change is expected to lead to warming in ocean surface temperatures which will have unequal effects on the rates of photosynthesis and heterotrophy. As a result of this changing metabolic landscape, directional phenotypic evolution will occur, with implications that cascade up to the ecosystem level. While mixotrophic phytoplankton, organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy to meet their energetic and nutritional needs, are expected to become more heterotrophic with warmer temperatures due to heterotrophy increasing at a faster rate than photosynthesis, it is unclear how evolution will influence how these organisms respond to warmer temperatures. In this study, we used adaptive dynamics to model the consequences of temperature-mediated increases in metabolic rates for the evolution of mixotrophic phytoplankton, focusing specifically on phagotrophic mixotrophs.
Results
We find that mixotrophs tend to evolve to become more reliant on phagotrophy as temperatures rise, leading to reduced prey abundance through higher grazing rates. However, if prey abundance becomes too low, evolution favors greater reliance on photosynthesis. These responses depend upon the trade-off that mixotrophs experience between investing in photosynthesis and phagotrophy. Mixotrophs with a convex trade-off maintain mixotrophy over the greatest range of temperatures; evolution in these “generalist” mixotrophs was found to exacerbate carbon cycle impacts, with evolving mixotrophs exhibiting increased sensitivity to rising temperature.
Conclusions
Our results show that mixotrophs may respond more strongly to climate change than predicted by phenotypic plasticity alone due to evolutionary shifts in metabolic investment. However, the type of metabolic trade-off experienced by mixotrophs as well as ecological feedback on prey abundance may ultimately limit the extent of evolutionary change along the heterotrophy-phototrophy spectrum.
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10
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Hudari MSB, Richnow H, Vogt C, Nijenhuis I. Mini-review: effect of temperature on microbial reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated ethenes: a review. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6638985. [PMID: 35810002 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a key factor affecting microbial activity and ecology. An increase in temperature generally increases rates of microbial processes up to a certain threshold, above which rates decline rapidly. In the subsurface, temperature of groundwater is usually stable and related to the annual average temperature at the surface. However, anthropogenic activities related to the use of the subsurface, e.g. for thermal heat management, foremost heat storage, will affect the temperature of groundwater locally. This mini-review intends to summarize the current knowledge on reductive dehalogenation activities of the chlorinated ethenes, common urban groundwater contaminants, at different temperatures. This includes an overview of activity and dehalogenation extent at different temperatures in laboratory isolates and enrichment cultures, the effect of shifts in temperature in micro- and mesocosm studies as well as observed biotransformation at different natural and induced temperatures at contaminated field sites. Furthermore, we address indirect effects on biotransformation, e.g. changes in fermentation, methanogenesis and sulfate reduction as competing or synergetic microbial processes. Finally, we address the current gaps in knowledge regarding bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes, microbial community shifts and bottlenecks for active combination with thermal energy storage, and necessities for bioaugmentation and/or natural re-populations after exposure to high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sufian Bin Hudari
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Arias Font R, Khamis K, Milner AM, Sambrook Smith GH, Ledger ME. Low flow and heatwaves alter ecosystem functioning in a stream mesocosm experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146067. [PMID: 33677285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to intensify the effect of environmental stressors on riverine ecosystems. Extreme events, such as low flow and heatwaves, could have profound consequences for stream ecosystem functioning, but research on the impact of these stressors and their interaction across multiple processes, remains scarce. Here, we report the results of a two-month stream mesocosm experiment testing the effect of low flow (66% water level reduction, without gravel exposure) and heatwaves (three 8-d episodes of +5 °C above ambient with 10-15 days recovery between each episode) on a suite of ecosystem processes (i.e. detrital decomposition, biofilm accrual, ecosystem metabolism and DOC quantity and quality). Low flow reduced whole system metabolism, suppressing the rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), but elevated DOC concentration. Overall, habitat contraction was the main driver of reduced ecosystem functioning in the low flow treatment. By contrast, heatwaves increased decomposition, algal accrual, and humic-like DOC, but reduced leaf decomposition efficiency. Net ecosystem production (NEP) generally decreased across the experiment but was most pronounced for low flow and heatwaves when occurring independently. Assessment of NEP responses to the three successive heatwave events revealed that responses later in the sequence were more reduced (i.e. more similar to controls), suggesting biofilm communities may acclimate to autumn heatwaves. However, when heatwaves co-occurred with low flow, a strong reduction in both ER and GPP was observed, suggesting increased microbial mortality and reduced acclimation. Our study reveals autumn heatwaves potentially elongate the growth season for primary producers and stimulate decomposers. With climate change, river ecosystems may become more heterotrophic, with faster processing of recalcitrant carbon. Further research is required to identify the impacts on higher trophic levels, meta-community dynamics and the potential for legacy effects generated by successive low flows and heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arias Font
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kieran Khamis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander M Milner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gregory H Sambrook Smith
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark E Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Velthuis M, Kosten S, Aben R, Kazanjian G, Hilt S, Peeters ETHM, van Donk E, Bakker ES. Warming enhances sedimentation and decomposition of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems with zero net effect on carbon burial. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5231-5242. [PMID: 30120802 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperatures have been rising throughout recent decades and are predicted to rise further in the coming century. Global warming affects carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems, which both emit and bury substantial amounts of carbon on a global scale. Currently, most studies focus on the effect of warming on overall carbon emissions from freshwater ecosystems, while net effects on carbon budgets may strongly depend on burial in sediments. Here, we tested whether year-round warming increases the production, sedimentation, or decomposition of particulate organic carbon and eventually alters the carbon burial in a typical shallow freshwater system. We performed an indoor experiment in eight mesocosms dominated by the common submerged aquatic plant Myriophyllum spicatum testing two temperature treatments: a temperate seasonal temperature control and a warmed (+4°C) treatment (n = 4). During a full experimental year, the carbon stock in plant biomass, dissolved organic carbon in the water column, sedimented organic matter, and decomposition of plant detritus were measured. Our results showed that year-round warming nearly doubled the final carbon stock in plant biomass from 6.9 ± 1.1 g C in the control treatment to 12.8 ± 0.6 g C (mean ± SE), mainly due to a prolonged growing season in autumn. DOC concentrations did not differ between the treatments, but organic carbon sedimentation increased by 60% from 96 ± 9.6 to 152 ± 16 g C m-2 yaer-1 (mean ± SE) from control to warm treatments. Enhanced decomposition of plant detritus in the warm treatment, however, compensated for the increased sedimentation. As a result, net carbon burial was 40 ± 5.7 g C m-2 year-1 in both temperature treatments when fluxes were combined into a carbon budget model. These results indicate that warming can increase the turnover of organic carbon in shallow macrophyte-dominated systems, while not necessarily affecting net carbon burial on a system scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Velthuis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Aben
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Garabet Kazanjian
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edwin T H M Peeters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Ecology & Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth S Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Piñeiro-Corbeira C, Barreiro R, Cremades J, Arenas F. Seaweed assemblages under a climate change scenario: Functional responses to temperature of eight intertidal seaweeds match recent abundance shifts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12978. [PMID: 30154576 PMCID: PMC6113303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Field evidence is essential to assess the consequences of climate change but a solid causal link often requires additional information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions. Additionally, the functional response to temperature may also help to discriminate species potentially more vulnerable to warming. Using a highly resolved temperature gradient, we examined the temperature dependence of photosynthesis and respiration in eight intertidal seaweeds that recently followed opposite abundance trends in NW Iberia. The temperature dependence of photosynthesis was consistently different between the macroalgae that increased and those that decreased their abundance in the last decade and a half, with photosynthesis twice more sensitive in the upward group. Unlike photosynthesis, the temperature dependence of respiration was unrelated to the abundance trend group, implying that the net metabolic scaling with temperature varied between the two groups of seaweeds. Overall, our results provide experimental support to the role of temperate as a likely driver of the changes in abundance recorded by field-monitoring studies. They also suggest that the temperature dependence of photosynthesis and respiration assessed in short-term experiments may serve as a biomarker of the potential vulnerability of some seaweed to the consequences of water warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Piñeiro-Corbeira
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Cremades
- BioCost Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidad de A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Michaletz ST. Evaluating the kinetic basis of plant growth from organs to ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:37-44. [PMID: 29451680 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 37 I. Introduction 37 II. Predictions for metabolic kinetics 38 III. Kinetics of net photosynthesis 38 IV. Kinetics of plant growth 40 V. Hypotheses for higher-level kinetic decoupling 41 VI. Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 42 References 42 SUMMARY: Understanding how temperature influences the scaling of physiological rates through levels of biological organization is critical for predicting plant responses to climate. Metabolic theory predicts that many rates increase exponentially with temperature following an activation energy (E) of 0.32 eV for photosynthesis. Here, I evaluate this prediction for net photosynthesis and organ, individual, and ecosystem growth. Observed E for photosynthesis varied widely but was not statistically different from predictions, while E for organs was greater than predicted, and E for individuals and ecosystems only weakly characterized temperature responses. I review several hypotheses that may underlie these results. Understanding how multiple rate-limiting processes coalesce into a single E that characterizes metabolic responses to temperature, and how to best estimate E from unimodal data, remain important challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Michaletz
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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Brin LD, Giblin AE, Rich JJ. Similar temperature responses suggest future climate warming will not alter partitioning between denitrification and anammox in temperate marine sediments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:331-340. [PMID: 27225536 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Removal of biologically available nitrogen (N) by the microbially mediated processes denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) affects ecosystem N availability. Although few studies have examined temperature responses of denitrification and anammox, previous work suggests that denitrification could become more important than anammox in response to climate warming. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether temperature responses of denitrification and anammox differed in shelf and estuarine sediments from coastal Rhode Island over a seasonal cycle. The influence of temperature and organic C availability was further assessed in a 12-week laboratory microcosm experiment. Temperature responses, as characterized by thermal optima (Topt ) and apparent activation energy (Ea ), were determined by measuring potential rates of denitrification and anammox at 31 discrete temperatures ranging from 3 to 59 °C. With a few exceptions, Topt and Ea of denitrification and anammox did not differ in Rhode Island sediments over the seasonal cycle. In microcosm sediments, Ea was somewhat lower for anammox compared to denitrification across all treatments. However, Topt did not differ between processes, and neither Ea nor Topt changed with warming or carbon addition. Thus, the two processes behaved similarly in terms of temperature responses, and these responses were not influenced by warming. This led us to reject the hypothesis that anammox is more cold-adapted than denitrification in our study system. Overall, our study suggests that temperature responses of both processes can be accurately modeled for temperate regions in the future using a single set of parameters, which are likely not to change over the next century as a result of predicted climate warming. We further conclude that climate warming will not directly alter the partitioning of N flow through anammox and denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Brin
- Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John, NB, E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Anne E Giblin
- Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Jeremy J Rich
- School of Marine Sciences, Darling Marine Center, University of Maine, Walpole, ME, 04573, USA
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16
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Woodward G, Bonada N, Brown LE, Death RG, Durance I, Gray C, Hladyz S, Ledger ME, Milner AM, Ormerod SJ, Thompson RM, Pawar S. The effects of climatic fluctuations and extreme events on running water ecosystems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150274. [PMID: 27114576 PMCID: PMC4843695 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on the effects of environmental change in freshwaters has focused on incremental changes in average conditions, rather than fluctuations or extreme events such as heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, floods or wildfires, which may have even more profound consequences. Such events are commonly predicted to increase in frequency, intensity and duration with global climate change, with many systems being exposed to conditions with no recent historical precedent. We propose a mechanistic framework for predicting potential impacts of environmental fluctuations on running-water ecosystems by scaling up effects of fluctuations from individuals to entire ecosystems. This framework requires integration of four key components: effects of the environment on individual metabolism, metabolic and biomechanical constraints on fluctuating species interactions, assembly dynamics of local food webs, and mapping the dynamics of the meta-community onto ecosystem function. We illustrate the framework by developing a mathematical model of environmental fluctuations on dynamically assembling food webs. We highlight (currently limited) empirical evidence for emerging insights and theoretical predictions. For example, widely supported predictions about the effects of environmental fluctuations are: high vulnerability of species with high per capita metabolic demands such as large-bodied ones at the top of food webs; simplification of food web network structure and impaired energetic transfer efficiency; and reduced resilience and top-down relative to bottom-up regulation of food web and ecosystem processes. We conclude by identifying key questions and challenges that need to be addressed to develop more accurate and predictive bio-assessments of the effects of fluctuations, and implications of fluctuations for management practices in an increasingly uncertain world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Woodward
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Núria Bonada
- Group de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament d'Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Lee E Brown
- School of Geography and Water, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Russell G Death
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment-Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle Durance
- Water Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Clare Gray
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Sally Hladyz
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark E Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander M Milner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- Water Research Institute and Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Ross M Thompson
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK
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19
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Davidson TA, Audet J, Svenning JC, Lauridsen TL, Søndergaard M, Landkildehus F, Larsen SE, Jeppesen E. Eutrophication effects on greenhouse gas fluxes from shallow-lake mesocosms override those of climate warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:4449-4463. [PMID: 26258771 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fresh waters make a disproportionately large contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with shallow lakes being particular hot spots. Given their global prevalence, how GHG fluxes from shallow lakes are altered by climate change may have profound implications for the global carbon cycle. Empirical evidence for the temperature dependence of the processes controlling GHG production in natural systems is largely based on the correlation between seasonal temperature variation and seasonal change in GHG fluxes. However, ecosystem-level GHG fluxes could be influenced by factors, which while varying seasonally with temperature are actually either indirectly related (e.g. primary producer biomass) or largely unrelated to temperature, for instance nutrient loading. Here, we present results from the longest running shallow-lake mesocosm experiment which demonstrate that nutrient concentrations override temperature as a control of both the total and individual GHG flux. Furthermore, testing for temperature treatment effects at low and high nutrient levels separately showed only one, rather weak, positive effect of temperature (CH4 flux at high nutrients). In contrast, at low nutrients, the CO2 efflux was lower in the elevated temperature treatments, with no significant effect on CH4 or N2 O fluxes. Further analysis identified possible indirect effects of temperature treatment. For example, at low nutrient levels, increased macrophyte abundance was associated with significantly reduced fluxes of both CH4 and CO2 for both total annual flux and monthly observation data. As macrophyte abundance was positively related to temperature treatment, this suggests the possibility of indirect temperature effects, via macrophyte abundance, on CH4 and CO2 flux. These findings indicate that fluxes of GHGs from shallow lakes may be controlled more by factors indirectly related to temperature, in this case nutrient concentration and the abundance of primary producers. Thus, at ecosystem scale, response to climate change may not follow predictions based on the temperature dependence of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Joachim Audet
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Torben L Lauridsen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
| | - Frank Landkildehus
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
| | - Søren E Larsen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
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20
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Cross WF, Hood JM, Benstead JP, Huryn AD, Nelson D. Interactions between temperature and nutrients across levels of ecological organization. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:1025-40. [PMID: 25400273 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and nutrient availability play key roles in controlling the pathways and rates at which energy and materials move through ecosystems. These factors have also changed dramatically on Earth over the past century as human activities have intensified. Although significant effort has been devoted to understanding the role of temperature and nutrients in isolation, less is known about how these two factors interact to influence ecological processes. Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry and metabolic ecology provide a useful framework for making progress in this area, but conceptual synthesis and review are needed to help catalyze additional research. Here, we examine known and potential interactions between temperature and nutrients from a variety of physiological, community, and ecosystem perspectives. We first review patterns at the level of the individual, focusing on four traits--growth, respiration, body size, and elemental content--that should theoretically govern how temperature and nutrients interact to influence higher levels of biological organization. We next explore the interactive effects of temperature and nutrients on populations, communities, and food webs by synthesizing information related to community size spectra, biomass distributions, and elemental composition. We use metabolic theory to make predictions about how population-level secondary production should respond to interactions between temperature and resource supply, setting up qualitative predictions about the flows of energy and materials through metazoan food webs. Last, we examine how temperature-nutrient interactions influence processes at the whole-ecosystem level, focusing on apparent vs. intrinsic activation energies of ecosystem processes, how to represent temperature-nutrient interactions in ecosystem models, and patterns with respect to nutrient uptake and organic matter decomposition. We conclude that a better understanding of interactions between temperature and nutrients will be critical for developing realistic predictions about ecological responses to multiple, simultaneous drivers of global change, including climate warming and elevated nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt F Cross
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Abstract
Known for centuries, the geographical pattern of increasing biodiversity from the poles to the equator is one of the most pervasive features of life on Earth. A longstanding goal of biogeographers has been to understand the primary factors that generate and maintain high diversity in the tropics. Many 'historical' and 'ecological' hypotheses have been proposed and debated, but there is still little consensus. Recent discussions have centred around two main phenomena: phylogenetic niche conservatism and ecological productivity. These two factors play important roles, but accumulating theoretical and empirical studies suggest that the single most important factor is kinetics: the temperature dependence of ecological and evolutionary rates. The relatively high temperatures in the tropics generate and maintain high diversity because 'the Red Queen runs faster when she is hot'.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Brown
- Department of Biology, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Correspondence: James H. Brown, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA., E-mail:
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Adams GL, Pichler DE, Cox EJ, O'Gorman EJ, Seeney A, Woodward G, Reuman DC. Diatoms can be an important exception to temperature-size rules at species and community levels of organization. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3540-52. [PMID: 23749600 PMCID: PMC4272575 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has been linked to an apparent general decrease in body sizes of ectotherms, both across and within taxa, especially in aquatic systems. Smaller body size in warmer geographical regions has also been widely observed. Since body size is a fundamental determinant of many biological attributes, climate-warming-related changes in size could ripple across multiple levels of ecological organization. Some recent studies have questioned the ubiquity of temperature-size rules, however, and certain widespread and abundant taxa, such as diatoms, may be important exceptions. We tested the hypothesis that diatoms are smaller at warmer temperatures using a system of geothermally heated streams. There was no consistent relationship between size and temperature at either the population or community level. These field data provide important counterexamples to both James' and Bergmann's temperature-size rules, respectively, undermining the widely held assumption that warming favours the small. This study provides compelling new evidence that diatoms are an important exception to temperature-size rules for three reasons: (i) we use many more species than prior work; (ii) we examine both community and species levels of organization simultaneously; (iii) we work in a natural system with a wide temperature gradient but minimal variation in other factors, to achieve robust tests of hypotheses without relying on laboratory setups, which have limited realism. In addition, we show that interspecific effects were a bigger contributor to whole-community size differences, and are probably more ecologically important than more commonly studied intraspecific effects. These findings highlight the need for multispecies approaches in future studies of climate warming and body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina L Adams
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Doris E Pichler
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Eileen J Cox
- Natural History MuseumCromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alex Seeney
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of LondonMile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniel C Reuman
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park CampusBuckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
- Laboratory of Populations, Rockefeller University1230 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Correspondence: Daniel Reuman, tel. +44 (0)20 7594 2401, e-mail:
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Lurgi M, López BC, Montoya JM. Novel communities from climate change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 367:2913-22. [PMID: 23007079 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is generating novel communities composed of new combinations of species. These result from different degrees of species adaptations to changing biotic and abiotic conditions, and from differential range shifts of species. To determine whether the responses of organisms are determined by particular species traits and how species interactions and community dynamics are likely to be disrupted is a challenge. Here, we focus on two key traits: body size and ecological specialization. We present theoretical expectations and empirical evidence on how climate change affects these traits within communities. We then explore how these traits predispose species to shift or expand their distribution ranges, and associated changes on community size structure, food web organization and dynamics. We identify three major broad changes: (i) Shift in the distribution of body sizes towards smaller sizes, (ii) dominance of generalized interactions and the loss of specialized interactions, and (iii) changes in the balance of strong and weak interaction strengths in the short term. We finally identify two major uncertainties: (i) whether large-bodied species tend to preferentially shift their ranges more than small-bodied ones, and (ii) how interaction strengths will change in the long term and in the case of newly interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lurgi
- Ecological Networks and Global Change Group, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Stewart RI, Dossena M, Bohan DA, Jeppesen E, Kordas RL, Ledger ME, Meerhoff M, Moss B, Mulder C, Shurin JB, Suttle B, Thompson R, Trimmer M, Woodward G. Mesocosm Experiments as a Tool for Ecological Climate-Change Research. ADV ECOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417199-2.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Trimmer M, Grey J, Heppell CM, Hildrew AG, Lansdown K, Stahl H, Yvon-Durocher G. River bed carbon and nitrogen cycling: state of play and some new directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 434:143-158. [PMID: 22682557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The significance of freshwaters as key players in the global budget of both carbon dioxide and methane has recently been highlighted. In particular, rivers clearly do not act simply as inert conduits merely piping carbon from catchment to coast, but, on the whole, their metabolic activity transforms a considerable fraction of the carbon that they convey. In addition, nitrogen is cycled, sometimes in tight unison with carbon, with appreciable amounts being 'denitrified' between catchment and coast. However, shortfalls in our knowledge about the significance of exchange and interaction between rivers and their catchments, particularly the significance of interactions mediated through hyporheic sediments, are still apparent. From humble beginnings of quantifying the consumption of oxygen by small samples of gravel, to an integrated measurement of reach scale transformations of carbon and nitrogen, our understanding of the cycling of these two macro elements in rivers has improved markedly in the past few decades. However, recent discoveries of novel metabolic pathways in both the nitrogen and carbon cycle across a spectrum of aquatic ecosystems, highlights the need for new directions and a truly multidisciplinary approach to quantifying the flux of carbon and nitrogen through rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Trimmer
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Jacob U, Woodward G. Preface. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.09986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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O'Gorman EJ, Pichler DE, Adams G, Benstead JP, Cohen H, Craig N, Cross WF, Demars BO, Friberg N, Gíslason GM, Gudmundsdóttir R, Hawczak A, Hood JM, Hudson LN, Johansson L, Johansson MP, Junker JR, Laurila A, Manson JR, Mavromati E, Nelson D, Ólafsson JS, Perkins DM, Petchey OL, Plebani M, Reuman DC, Rall BC, Stewart R, Thompson MS, Woodward G. Impacts of Warming on the Structure and Functioning of Aquatic Communities. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Mulder C, Boit A, Mori S, Vonk JA, Dyer SD, Faggiano L, Geisen S, González AL, Kaspari M, Lavorel S, Marquet PA, Rossberg AG, Sterner RW, Voigt W, Wall DH. Distributional (In)Congruence of Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396992-7.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Moya-Laraño J, Verdeny-Vilalta O, Rowntree J, Melguizo-Ruiz N, Montserrat M, Laiolo P. Climate Change and Eco-Evolutionary Dynamics in Food Webs. ADV ECOL RES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398315-2.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Preface. ADV ECOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385005-8.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Perkins DM, McKie BG, Malmqvist B, Gilmour SG, Reiss J, Woodward G. Environmental Warming and Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning in Freshwater Microcosms. ADV ECOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385005-8.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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