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Okumuş EB, Böke ÖB, Turhan SŞ, Doğan A. From development to future prospects: The adipose tissue & adipose tissue organoids. Life Sci 2024; 351:122758. [PMID: 38823504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms store their energy in different forms of fats including lipid droplets, triacylglycerols, and steryl esters. In mammals and some non-mammal species, the energy is stored in adipose tissue which is the innervated specialized connective tissue that incorporates a variety of cell types such as macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, blood cells, and several kinds of immune cells. Adipose tissue is so complex that the scope of its function is not only limited to energy storage, it also encompasses to thermogenesis, mechanical support, and immune defense. Since defects and complications in adipose tissue are heavily related to certain chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cholesterol metabolism defects, it is important to further study adipose tissue to enlighten further mechanisms behind those diseases to develop possible therapeutic approaches. Adipose organoids are accepted as very promising tools for studying fat tissue development and its underlying molecular mechanisms, due to their high recapitulation of the adipose tissue in vitro. These organoids can be either derived using stromal vascular fractions or pluripotent stem cells. Due to their great vascularization capacity and previously reported incontrovertible regulatory role in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, adipose organoids hold great potential to become an excellent candidate for the source of stem cell therapy. In this review, adipose tissue types and their corresponding developmental stages and functions, the importance of adipose organoids, and the potential they hold will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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2
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Ma Y, Nenkov M, Chen Y, Gaßler N. The Role of Adipocytes Recruited as Part of Tumor Microenvironment in Promoting Colorectal Cancer Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8352. [PMID: 39125923 PMCID: PMC11313311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction, which is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), is a significant factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. Obesity-related inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling promote colorectal cancer metastasis (CRCM) by shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). When CRC occurs, the metabolic symbiosis of tumor cells recruits adjacent adipocytes into the TME to supply energy. Meanwhile, abundant immune cells, from adipose tissue and blood, are recruited into the TME, which is stimulated by pro-inflammatory factors and triggers a chronic local pro-inflammatory TME. Dysregulated ECM proteins and cell surface adhesion molecules enhance ECM remodeling and further increase contractibility between tumor and stromal cells, which promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT increases tumor migration and invasion into surrounding tissues or vessels and accelerates CRCM. Colorectal symbiotic microbiota also plays an important role in the promotion of CRCM. In this review, we provide adipose tissue and its contributions to CRC, with a special emphasis on the role of adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, T cells, ECM, and symbiotic gut microbiota in the progression of CRC and their contributions to the CRC microenvironment. We highlight the interactions between adipocytes and tumor cells, and potential therapeutic approaches to target these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolaus Gaßler
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany (M.N.)
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da Silva MA, Soares RMV, de Oliveira Filho AF, Campos LRS, de Lima JG, de Melo Campos JTA. Case report: two novel PPARG pathogenic variants associated with type 3 familial partial lipodystrophy in Brazil. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:145. [PMID: 38951919 PMCID: PMC11218129 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Type 3 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD3) is a rare metabolic disease related to pathogenic PPARG gene variants. FPLD3 is characterized by a loss of fatty tissue in the upper and lower limbs, hips, and face. FPLD3 pathophysiology is usually associated with metabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and liver dysfunction. Here, we clinically and molecularly characterized FPLD3 patients harboring novel PPARG pathogenic variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipodystrophy-suspected patients were recruited by clinicians from an Endocrinology Reference Center. Clinical evaluation was performed, biological samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and DNA sequencing was performed to define the pathogenic variants associated with the lipodystrophic phenotype found in our clinically diagnosed FPLD subjects. Bioinformatics predictions were conducted to characterize the novel mutated PPARγ proteins. RESULTS We clinically described FPLD patients harboring two novel heterozygous PPARG variants in Brazil. Case 1 had the c.533T > C variant, which promotes the substitution of leucine to proline in position 178 (p.Leu178Pro), and cases 2 and 3 had the c.641 C > T variant, which results in the substitution of proline to leucine in the position 214 (p.Pro214Leu) at the PPARγ2 protein. These variants result in substantial conformational changes in the PPARγ2 protein. CONCLUSION Two novel PPARG pathogenic variants related to FPLD3 were identified in a Brazilian FPLD cohort. These data will provide new epidemiologic data concerning FPLD3 and help understand the genotype-phenotype relationships related to the PPARG gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Reivla Marques Vasconcelos Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo René Santos Campos
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes de Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil.
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4
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Gul MA, Tozcu D, Tekcan A, Capraz M, Demir HD. Serum adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ levels in obese patients with and without prediabetes. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2024; 70:e20231000. [PMID: 38655997 PMCID: PMC11045203 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20231000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is an increasingly prevalent global health problem, which is generally caused by the increase in body fat mass above normal and observed in all societies. If the blood glucose level is higher than normal but not high enough to diagnose diabetes, this condition is defined as prediabetes. Adiponectin increases fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity and is closely associated with obesity. One of the nuclear receptor superfamily member peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors is shown to have an important role in various metabolic reactions. This study aimed to investigate the serum levels of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma parameters, which are closely related to adipose tissue, energy metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, in obese patients with and without prediabetes. METHODS For this purpose, 52 obese patients with prediabetes, 48 obese patients with non-prediabetes, and 76 healthy individuals were included in this study. Serum adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ levels were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in obese patients with prediabetes (18.15±15.99) compared with the control group (15.17±15.67; p=0.42). No significant difference was observed in both adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ levels in the obese patients with the non-prediabetes group compared with the control group. However, no significant difference was observed in the obese patients with prediabetes group and obese patients with non-prediabetes group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that adiponectin may serve as an indicator of prediabetes. This implies that examining adiponectin levels in individuals diagnosed with prediabetes may enhance our understanding of the metabolic processes closely linked to prediabetes and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Gul
- Amasya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical
Biochemistry – Amasya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Tozcu
- Amasya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology
– Amasya, Turkey
| | - Akın Tekcan
- Amasya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical
Biology – Amasya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Capraz
- Amasya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal
Diseases – Amasya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Dortok Demir
- Amasya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical
Biochemistry – Amasya, Turkey
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Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sahebkar A, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T. Effect of Fibrate Treatment on Circulating Adipokine Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102957. [PMID: 38266418 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrates are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia and associated metabolic abnormalities; however, their effects on adipokines are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This meta-analysis of clinical trials aimed to evaluate the effect of fibrates on circulating adipokine levels. METHODS Only randomized controlled trials investigating the impact/effect of fibrate treatment on circulating adipokine levels were included from searches in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. A random effects model and the generic inverse variance method were used for the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS This meta-analysis of 22 clinical trials showed a significant reduction on/in leptin (WMD: -1.58 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.96, -0.20, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (WMD: -13.86 ng/mL, 95% CI: -26.70, -1.03, p = 0.03, I2 = 99%), and visfatin (WMD: -1.52 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.49, -0.56, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%) after fibrate therapy; no significant effect was observed on adiponectin (WMD: -0.69 µg/ml, 95% CI: -1.40, 0.02, p = 0.06, I2 = 83%) and resistin (WMD: -2.27 ng/mL, 95% CI: -7.11, 2.57, p = 0.36, I2 = 0%). The sensitivity analysis was robust only for visfatin, while the effect size was sensitive to one arm for leptin, four for adiponectin, and two for PAI-1. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that fibrate treatment significantly improves adipokine levels with a decrease in leptin, PAI-1, and visfatin, suggesting potential additional clinical therapeutic benefits through/of fibrate treatment on adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Biomedical Research Unit, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chu PY, Hsu CL, Lin YA, Pan YC, Dai YH, Yu YC, Yang JC, Ma WL, Chen YJL, Lee CL, Wu YC. Effects of Citrus depressa Hayata juice on high-fat diet-induced obesity in HBV transgenic mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24438. [PMID: 38312542 PMCID: PMC10835261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential anti-obesity properties of Citrus depressa Hayata (CDH) juice in HBV transgenic mice, as well as the impact of fermentation on the effectiveness of the juice. The results revealed that fermentation increased the levels of polyphenols and hesperidin in CDH juice. The animal study demonstrated that both juices were effective in mitigating the weight gain induced by a high-fat diet by correcting metabolic parameter imbalances, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and reversing hepatic immune suppression. Furthermore, fermented juice exhibited superior efficacy in managing body weight and inhibiting the expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). Fermented juice significantly enhanced adiponectin production and PPARγ expression in WAT, while also reducing hypertrophy. This study offers valuable insights into the potential role of CDH juices in combating obesity associated with high fat consumption and underscores the promise of CDH juice as a functional beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lu Hsu
- Department of Business Administration, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Lin
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Pan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- .Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hao Dai
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, and Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Juan-Cheng Yang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Department of Medical Research, and Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lin Lee
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kim H, Lee SK, Hong S, Park TS, Kim J, Kim S, Kim TM. Pan PPAR agonist stimulation of induced MSCs produces extracellular vesicles with enhanced renoprotective effect for acute kidney injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:9. [PMID: 38167146 PMCID: PMC10763307 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a complex pathophysiology and imposes serious health concerns worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) have been recognized as novel cell-free therapeutics for various inflammatory and degenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated whether iMSCs stimulated with a pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of EVs against AKI. METHODS Human iMSCs were primed with or without lanifibranor, a PPAR agonist for 24 h, and EVs were collected after an additional 24 h. The basic characteristics of EVs were evaluated using cryo-transmission electron microscopy imaging, immunoblot detection of EV markers, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and localization in AKI kidneys. In vitro, the potential of the EVs to promote the growth and survival of HK-2 cells undergoing cisplatin-induced apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects in M1-polarized THP-1 was compared. Subsequently, AKI was induced in BALB/c mice using cisplatin. After 8 and 24 h of cisplatin treatment, iMSC-EVs or pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs were injected intravascularly. At 96 h after cisplatin administration, the renoprotective effects of iMSC-EVs or pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis were compared using serum biochemistry, histology, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis by qPCR. RESULTS Both EV types expressed EV markers and had typical EV morphology, and their localization in the renal tissue was confirmed. The proliferation and survival of HK-2 cells were higher in pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs than those in iMSC-EVs. In M1-polarized THP-1 cells, the reduction in the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was more significant in pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs than that in iMSC-EVs. In the mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI, pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs markedly enhanced renoprotective effects compared to iMSC-EVs. Specifically, pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs reduced tissue inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and apoptosis. Pan-PPAR-iMSC-EVs also increased renal capillary density. CONCLUSION Priming iMSCs with a PPAR agonist significantly improved the therapeutic potential of EVs by reducing inflammation and apoptosis. The reported strategy may contribute to the development of a novel cell-free option for AKI treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongduk Kim
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05855, South Korea
| | - Sungok Hong
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, South Korea
| | - Tae Sub Park
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, South Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, South Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05855, South Korea
| | - Soo Kim
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05855, South Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, South Korea.
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Daero 1447, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, South Korea.
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Ho PY, Koh YC, Lu TJ, Liao PL, Pan MH. Purple Napiergrass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) Hot Water Extracts Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20701-20712. [PMID: 38088361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Purple Pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a hybrid between Taihucao No. 2 and the local wild species of purple Pennisetum, has dark red stems and leaves due to its anthocyanin content. This study explores the potential of purple napiergrass extracts (PNE) in alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, where 50% of the caloric content is derived from fat. Mice were orally administered low-dose or high-dose PNE alongside a high-fat diet. Experimental findings indicate that PNE attenuated weight gain, reduced liver, and adipose tissue weight, and lowered blood cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and blood sugar levels. Stained sections showed that PNE inhibited lipid accumulation and fat hypertrophy in the liver. Immunoblotting analysis suggested that PNE improved the inflammatory response associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, PNE potentially functions as a PPAR-γ agonist, increasing the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) concentration and suppressing inflammatory factors, while elevating the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the liver. PNE-treated mice showed enhanced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways and increased fatty acid oxidation and liver lipolysis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. These findings highlight the potential of PNE in reducing weight, inhibiting inflammation, and improving blood sugar and lipid levels, showing the potential for addressing obesity-related metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221 Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
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Tee JH, Vijayakumar U, Shanmugasundaram M, Lam TYW, Liao W, Yang Y, Wong WSF, Ge R. Isthmin-1 attenuates allergic Asthma by stimulating adiponectin expression and alveolar macrophage efferocytosis in mice. Respir Res 2023; 24:269. [PMID: 37932719 PMCID: PMC10626717 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a common respiratory disease that significantly impacts human health. Through in silico analysis of human lung RNASeq, we found that asthmatic lungs display lower levels of Isthmin-1 (ISM1) expression than healthy lungs. ISM1 is an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein that is highly expressed in mouse lungs and bronchial epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis. However, how ISM1 influences asthma remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of ISM1 in allergic airway inflammation and uncover the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We investigated the pivotal role of ISM1 in airway inflammation using an ISM1 knockout mouse line (ISM1-/-) and challenged them with house dust mite (HDM) extract to induce allergic-like airway/lung inflammation. To examine the impact of ISM1 deficiency, we analyzed the infiltration of immune cells into the lungs and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA, respectively. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of ISM1 by administering recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) via the intratracheal route to rescue the effects of ISM1 reduction in HDM-challenged mice. RNA-Seq, western blot, and fluorescence microscopy techniques were subsequently used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS ISM1-/- mice showed a pronounced worsening of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness upon HDM challenge. The heightened inflammation in ISM1-/- mice correlated with enhanced lung cell necroptosis, as indicated by higher pMLKL expression. Intratracheal delivery of rISM1 significantly reduced the number of eosinophils in BALF and goblet cell hyperplasia. Mechanistically, ISM1 stimulates adiponectin secretion by type 2 alveolar epithelial cells partially through the GRP78 receptor and enhances adiponectin-facilitated apoptotic cell clearance via alveolar macrophage efferocytosis. Reduced adiponectin expression under ISM1 deficiency also contributed to intensified necroptosis, prolonged inflammation, and heightened severity of airway hyperresponsiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed for the first time that ISM1 functions to restrain airway hyperresponsiveness to HDM-triggered allergic-like airway/lung inflammation in mice, consistent with its persistent downregulation in human asthma. Direct administration of rISM1 into the airway alleviates airway inflammation and promotes immune cell clearance, likely by stimulating airway adiponectin production. These findings suggest that ISM1 has therapeutic potential for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Udhaya Vijayakumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Yuansheng Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
- Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
- Drug Discovery and Optimization Platform, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Abd Rami AZ, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Mokhtar MH, Ugusman A. Nicotine Impairs the Anti-Contractile Function of Perivascular Adipose Tissue by Inhibiting the PPARγ-Adiponectin-AdipoR1 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15100. [PMID: 37894791 PMCID: PMC10606313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is an addictive compound found in cigarette smoke that leads to vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect on the underlying vasculature through the production of adipokines, such as adiponectin, which acts on adiponectin receptors 1 (adipoR1) to cause vasorelaxation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates adiponectin gene expression and PVAT development. This study aimed to determine the effect of nicotine on the anti-contractile function of PVAT via the PPARγ-adiponectin-adipoR1 axis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a control group (given normal saline), a nicotine group (given 0.8 mg/kg of nicotine), and a nicotine + PPARγ agonist group (given nicotine and 5 mg/kg of telmisartan). Thoracic aorta PVAT was harvested after 21 days of treatment. The results showed that nicotine reduced the anti-contractile effect of PVAT on the underlying thoracic aorta. Nicotine also decreased the gene and protein expression of PPARγ, adiponectin, and adipoR1 in PVAT. Treatment with telmisartan restored the anti-contractile effect of PVAT and increased the gene and protein expression of PPARγ, adiponectin, and adipoR1 in PVAT. In conclusion, nicotine attenuates the anti-contractile function of PVAT through inhibition of the PPARγ-adiponectin-adipoR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.Z.A.R.); (A.A.H.); (M.H.M.)
| | | | | | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (A.Z.A.R.); (A.A.H.); (M.H.M.)
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11
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Jia S, Li X, Du Q. Host insulin resistance caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis-review of recent progresses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1209381. [PMID: 37520442 PMCID: PMC10373507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. P. gingivalis expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing P. gingivalis to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, P.gingivalis is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. P. gingivalis causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by P. gingivalis, discuss the association between P. gingivalis and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by P. gingivalis through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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12
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Buisson C, Leuzy V, Loizon E, Meugnier E, Monnoye M, Philippe C, Gérard P, Michalski MC, Laugerette F. Soy Lecithin in High-Fat Diets Exerts Dual Effects on Adipose Tissue Versus Ileum. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200461. [PMID: 36708587 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Lipopolysaccharides and their transporters, LBP and sCD14, are involved in systemic inflammation following a high-fat diet. Natural emulsifiers such as soy lecithin, rich in soybean polar lipids (SPL), are often used by the food industry but little is known about effects of associating SPL with different oils. METHODS AND RESULTS Thus, this study investigates the effects of 4 weeks feeding of palm (P) or rapeseed (R) oil-enriched diets with or without SPL in mice, on white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, on ileum permeability, and on microbiota composition. When SPL are associated with rapeseed oil, a greater gene expression of leptin and inflammation in WAT is observed compared to P-SPL. In ileum, R-SPL group results in a lower expression of TLR4, IAP that detoxify bacterial LPS and tight junction proteins than R group. In turn, the gene expression of Reg3β and Reg3γ, which have antimicrobial activity, is higher in ileum of R-SPL group than in R group. SPL in rapeseed oil increases specific bacterial species belonging to Lachnospiraceae, Alistipes, and Bacteroidales. CONCLUSION The incorporation of SPL in a diet with rapeseed oil exerts differential effect on WAT and ileum, with respectively an inflammation of WAT and an antimicrobial activity in ileum, associated with specific microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Buisson
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Valentin Leuzy
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Catherine Philippe
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France.,CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, 69310, France
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN laboratory INRAE, UMR1397, INSERM, U1060, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, 69310, France
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13
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Congenital adiponectin deficiency mitigates high-fat-diet-induced obesity in gonadally intact male and female, but not in ovariectomized mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16668. [PMID: 36198723 PMCID: PMC9534911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological literature indicates that women are less susceptible to type II diabetes (T2D) than males. The general consensus is that estrogen is protective, whereas its deficiency in post-menopause is associated with adiposity and impaired insulin sensitivity. However, epidemiological data suggests that males are more prone to developing T2D, and at a lower BMI, compared to females during post-menopausal years; suggesting that another factor, other than estrogen, protects females. We proposed to determine if adiponectin (APN) serves as this protective factor. An initial experiment was performed in which gonadally intact male and female mice were fed either a purified low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) (40% kcals from fat) for 16 weeks. An additional group of HFD ovariectomy (OVX) mice were included to assess estrogen deficiency’s impact on obesity. Body composition, adipose tissue inflammation, ectopic lipid accumulation as well as glucose metabolism and insulin resistance were assessed. In corroboration with previous data, estrogen deficiency (OVX) exacerbated HFD-induced obesity in female mice. However, despite a higher body fat percentage and a similar degree of hepatic and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation, female OVX HFD-fed mice exhibited enhanced insulin sensitivity relative to HFD-fed males. Therefore, a subsequent HFD experiment was performed utilizing male and female (both gonadally intact and OVX) APN deficient mice (APN−/−) and wildtype littermates to determine if APN is the factor which protects OVX females from the similar degree of metabolic dysfunction as males in the setting of obesity. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine observed phenotype differences. APN deficiency limited adiposity and mitigated HFD-induced insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation in gonadally intact male and female, but not in OVX mice. Using indirect calorimetry, we uncovered that slight, but non-statistically significant differences in food intake and energy expenditure leading to a net difference in energy balance likely explain the reduced body weight exhibited by male APN-deficient mice. In conclusion, congenital APN deficiency is protective against obesity development in gonadally intact mice, however, in the setting of estrogen deficiency (OVX) this is not true. These findings suggest that gonadal status dictates the protective effects of congenital APN deficiency in the setting of HFD-induced obesity.
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14
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Wu J, Wang X, Chen H, Yang R, Yu H, Wu Y, Hu Y. Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Lipid Metabolism Related to the Pleiotropic Effects of an ABCB1 Variant: A Chinese Family-Based Cohort Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090875. [PMID: 36144279 PMCID: PMC9502507 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4148727 in ABCB1 (encoding p-glycoprotein) is associated with lipid levels; however, its association with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its the genetic correlation with lipid profiles and T2DM are unclear. We included 2300 participants from 593 families. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) model and Cox regression models were used to estimate the SNP’s effects on T2DM and lipid profiles. The participation of the SNP in T2DM pathogenesis through lipid-associated pathways was tested using mediation analysis. The G allele of the SNP was related to a 32% (6–64%, p = 0.015) increase in T2DM risk. It was also associated with a 10% (1–20%, p = 0.029), 17% (3–32%, p = 0.015), and 4% (1–7%, p = 0.015) increment in total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and apolipoprotein A (Apo-A) concentrations, respectively. According to the mediation analysis, only TG (6.9%) and Apo-B (4.0%) had slight but significant mediation effects on the total impact of the SNP on T2DM. The pleiotropic effects of the ABCB1 variant on T2DM and lipids likely act via different pathways. The biological mechanisms should be verified in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Nursing, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Nursing, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruotong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.H.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-82801189 (Y.H.)
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (Y.H.); Tel./Fax: +86-10-82801189 (Y.H.)
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15
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Luo L, Liu M. Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:349-362. [PMID: 37724325 PMCID: PMC10388816 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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16
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Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:216. [PMID: 35794109 PMCID: PMC9259665 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key peptide hormone and mediates the systemic glucose metabolism in different tissues. Insulin resistance (IR) is a disordered biological response for insulin stimulation through the disruption of different molecular pathways in target tissues. Acquired conditions and genetic factors have been implicated in IR. Recent genetic and biochemical studies suggest that the dysregulated metabolic mediators released by adipose tissue including adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, excess lipids and toxic lipid metabolites promote IR in other tissues. IR is associated with several groups of abnormal syndromes that include obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and other abnormalities. Although no medication is specifically approved to treat IR, we summarized the lifestyle changes and pharmacological medications that have been used as efficient intervention to improve insulin sensitivity. Ultimately, the systematic discussion of complex mechanism will help to identify potential new targets and treat the closely associated metabolic syndrome of IR.
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17
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Zocchi M, Della Porta M, Lombardoni F, Scrimieri R, Zuccotti GV, Maier JA, Cazzola R. A Potential Interplay between HDLs and Adiponectin in Promoting Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061344. [PMID: 35740366 PMCID: PMC9220412 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic public health problem that has progressively worsened in recent decades and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) in metabolic tissues and an increased risk of several diseases. In particular, LGCI alters metabolism and increases cardiovascular risk by impairing endothelial function and altering the functions of adiponectin and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Adiponectin is an adipokine involved in regulating energy metabolism and body composition. Serum adiponectin levels are reduced in obese individuals and negatively correlate with chronic sub-clinical inflammatory markers. HDLs are a heterogeneous and complex class of lipoproteins that can be dysfunctional in obesity. Adiponectin and HDLs are strictly interdependent, and the maintenance of their interplay is essential for vascular function. Since such a complex network of interactions is still overlooked in clinical settings, this review aims to highlight the mechanisms involved in the impairment of the HDLs/adiponectin axis in obese patients to predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases and activate preventive countermeasures. Here, we provide a narrative review of the role of LGCI in altering HDLs, adiponectin and endothelial functions in obesity to encourage new studies about their synergic effects on cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zocchi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Federico Lombardoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Scrimieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (M.D.P.); (F.L.); (R.S.); (G.V.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Winkler AS, Cherubini A, Rusconi F, Santo N, Madaschi L, Pistoni C, Moschetti G, Sarnicola ML, Crosti M, Rosso L, Tremolada P, Lazzari L, Bacchetta R. Human airway organoids and microplastic fibers: A new exposure model for emerging contaminants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 163:107200. [PMID: 35349910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) structured organoids are the most advanced in vitro models for studying human health effects, but their application to evaluate the biological effects associated with microplastic exposure was neglected until now. Fibers from synthetic clothes and fabrics are a major source of airborne microplastics, and their release from dryer machines is poorly understood. We quantified and characterized the microplastic fibers (MPFs) released in the exhaust filter of a household dryer and tested their effects on airway organoids (1, 10, and 50 µg mL-1) by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). While the presence of MPFs did not inhibit organoid growth, we observed a significant reduction of SCGB1A1 gene expression related to club cell functionality and a polarized cell growth along the fibers. The MPFs did not cause relevant inflammation or oxidative stress but were coated with a cellular layer, resulting in the inclusion of fibers in the organoid. This effect could have long-term implications regarding lung epithelial cells undergoing repair. This exposure study using human airway organoids proved suitability of the model for studying the effects of airborne microplastic contamination on humans and could form the basis for further research regarding the toxicological assessment of emerging contaminants such as micro- or nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie Winkler
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rusconi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Santo
- Unitech NOLIMITS, Imaging Facility, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Madaschi
- Unitech NOLIMITS, Imaging Facility, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Pistoni
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Moschetti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Sarnicola
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Crosti
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare INGM 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan and Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Tremolada
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Renato Bacchetta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Choi SY, Lee SY, Kim HG, Jeong JC, Batara DC, Kim SH, Cho JY. Shinorine and porphyra-334 isolated from laver (Porphyra dentata) inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:617-625. [PMID: 35529689 PMCID: PMC9033900 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) such as shinorine and porphyra-334 from Porphyra spp. are bioactive compounds with strong photoprotective and antioxidant properties. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of shinorine and porphyra-334 was examined in vitro utilizing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Shinorine and porphyra-334 were extracted from laver (Porphyra dentata) 50% methanolic (MeOH) extract of and their structures were elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopy. Both compounds had no cytotoxic effect in 3T3-L1 cells (< 200 μg/mL) and inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 and 1.0 μM). Interestingly, both compounds had also significantly reduced the expression of adipogenic-related genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), adiponectin, and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells. The findings suggest that shinorine and porphyra-334 have the potential to inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- Mokpo Marine Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo, 58621 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheon Jeong
- Mokpo Marine Food-Industry Research Center, Mokpo, 58621 Republic of Korea
| | - Don Carlo Batara
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
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20
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Dhanyalayam D, Thangavel H, Lizardo K, Oswal N, Dolgov E, Perlin DS, Nagajyothi JF. Sex Differences in Cardiac Pathology of SARS-CoV2 Infected and Trypanosoma cruzi Co-infected Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:783974. [PMID: 35369283 PMCID: PMC8965705 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.783974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; CoV2) is a deadly contagious infectious disease. For those who survive COVID-19, post-COVID cardiac damage greatly increases the risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Currently, the number of COVID-related cases are increasing in Latin America, where a major COVID comorbidity is Chagas' heart disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the interplay between indeterminate Chagas disease and COVID-19 is unknown. We investigated the effect of CoV2 infection on heart pathology in T. cruzi infected mice (coinfected with CoV2 during the indeterminate stage of T. cruzi infection). We used transgenic human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (huACE2/hACE2) mice infected with CoV2, T. cruzi, or coinfected with both in this study. We found that the viral load in the hearts of coinfected mice is lower compared to the hearts of mice infected with CoV2 alone. We demonstrated that CoV2 infection significantly alters cardiac immune and energy signaling via adiponectin (C-ApN) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Our studies also showed that increased β-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a major role in shifting the energy balance in the hearts of coinfected female mice from glycolysis to mitochondrial β-oxidation. Our findings suggest that cardiac metabolic signaling may differently regulate the pathogenesis of Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) in coinfected mice. We conclude that the C-ApN/AMPK and b-AR/PPAR downstream signaling may play major roles in determining the progression, severity, and phenotype of CCM and heart failure in the context of COVID.
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Sellami A, Réau M, Montes M, Lagarde N. Review of in silico studies dedicated to the nuclear receptor family: Therapeutic prospects and toxicological concerns. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:986016. [PMID: 36176461 PMCID: PMC9513233 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.986016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Being in the center of both therapeutic and toxicological concerns, NRs are widely studied for drug discovery application but also to unravel the potential toxicity of environmental compounds such as pesticides, cosmetics or additives. High throughput screening campaigns (HTS) are largely used to detect compounds able to interact with this protein family for both therapeutic and toxicological purposes. These methods lead to a large amount of data requiring the use of computational approaches for a robust and correct analysis and interpretation. The output data can be used to build predictive models to forecast the behavior of new chemicals based on their in vitro activities. This atrticle is a review of the studies published in the last decade and dedicated to NR ligands in silico prediction for both therapeutic and toxicological purposes. Over 100 articles concerning 14 NR subfamilies were carefully read and analyzed in order to retrieve the most commonly used computational methods to develop predictive models, to retrieve the databases deployed in the model building process and to pinpoint some of the limitations they faced.
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Rydzewska M, Nikołajuk A, Matulewicz N, Stefanowicz M, Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Serum secreted frizzled-related protein 5 in relation to insulin sensitivity and its regulation by insulin and free fatty acids. Endocrine 2021; 74:300-307. [PMID: 34184187 PMCID: PMC8497315 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an adipokine, which acts as an inhibitor of noncanonical WNT signaling pathway. It has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects, however, contradictory data has also been reported. The aim of this study was to assess serum SFRP5 concentration in a young healthy population in relation to insulin sensitivity and its regulation by hyperinsulinemia and/or serum free fatty acids (FFA) elevation. METHODS We examined 150 healthy subjects (83 normal-weight and 67 overweight/obese). Insulin sensitivity (M) was measured with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. In 20 male subjects, clamp was prolonged to 6 h and after 1 week another clamp with the concurrent Intralipid/heparin infusion was performed. Independent group of 10 male subjects received infusions of Intralipid/heparin or saline in 1-week interval. RESULTS Baseline SFRP5 was lower in the overweight/obese group (p = 0.01) and was positively associated with M (r = 0.23, p = 0.006) and serum adiponectin (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and negatively with BMI (r = -0.18, p = 0.03). In multiple regression analysis, adiponectin was independently associated with SFRP5. Insulin infusion resulted in a decrease in serum SFRP5, both at 120' (p = 0.02) and 360' (p = 0.031). This effect was not observed during the clamp with Intralipid/heparin as well as during Intralipid/heparin alone or saline infusions. CONCLUSIONS The relation between SFRP5 and insulin sensitivity is mainly dependent on adiponectin. FFA abolish a decrease in circulating SFRP5 caused by insulin, but Intralipid/heparin infusion alone does not regulate SFRP5 concentration. Insulin seems to be more important factor in the regulation of circulating SFRP5 levels than FFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rydzewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Espinoza C, Fuenzalida B, Leiva A. Increased Fetal Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Potential Synergy Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal Hypercholesterolemia. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:601-623. [PMID: 33902412 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210423085407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of death worldwide. Evidence suggests that the risk for CVD can increase at the fetal stages due to maternal metabolic diseases, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH). GDM is a hyperglycemic, inflammatory, and insulin-resistant state that increases plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides, impairs endothelial vascular tone regulation, and due to the increased nutrient transport, exposes the fetus to the altered metabolic conditions of the mother. MSPH involves increased levels of cholesterol (mainly as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) which also causes endothelial dysfunction and alters nutrient transport to the fetus. Despite that an association has already been established between MSPH and increased CVD risk, however, little is known about the cellular processes underlying this relationship. Our knowledge is further obscured when the simultaneous presentation of MSPH and GDM takes place. In this context, GDM and MSPH may substantially increase fetal CVD risk due to synergistic impairment of placental nutrient transport and endothelial dysfunction. More studies on the separate and/or cumulative role of both processes are warranted to suggest specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Espinoza
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Barbara Fuenzalida
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Providencia 7510157, Chile
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PPARs-Orchestrated Metabolic Homeostasis in the Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168974. [PMID: 34445679 PMCID: PMC8396609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been more than three decades since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were first discovered. Many investigations have revealed the central regulators of PPARs in lipid and glucose homeostasis in response to different nutrient conditions. PPARs have attracted much attention due to their ability to improve metabolic syndromes, and they have also been proposed as classical drug targets for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. In parallel, adipose tissue is known to play a unique role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes due to its ability to “safely” store lipids and secrete cytokines that regulate whole-body metabolism. Adipose tissue relies on a complex and subtle network of transcription factors to maintain its normal physiological function, by coordinating various molecular events, among which PPARs play distinctive and indispensable roles in adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, adipokine secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of PPARs with special emphasis on the roles of the different isotypes in adipocyte biology.
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25
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Adiponectin and Asthma: Knowns, Unknowns and Controversies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168971. [PMID: 34445677 PMCID: PMC8396527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with the healthy obese phenotype. Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and has cardio and vascular protection actions. Studies related to adiponectin, a modulator of the innate and acquired immunity response, have suggested a role of this molecule in asthma. Studies based on various asthma animal models and on the key cells involved in the allergic response have provided important insights about this relation. Some of them indicated protection and others reversed the balance towards negative effects. Many of them described the cellular pathways activated by adiponectin, which are potentially beneficial for asthma prevention or for reduction in the risk of exacerbations. However, conclusive proofs about their efficiency still need to be provided. In this article, we will, briefly, present the general actions of adiponectin and the epidemiological studies supporting the relation with asthma. The main focus of the current review is on the mechanisms of adiponectin and the impact on the pathobiology of asthma. From this perspective, we will provide arguments for and against the positive influence of this molecule in asthma, also indicating the controversies and sketching out the potential directions of research to complete the picture.
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Wu Y, Chanclón B, Micallef P, Stener-Victorin E, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Benrick A. Maternal adiponectin prevents visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy in prenatal androgenized female mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21299. [PMID: 33715227 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002212r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hyperandrogenism is the main characteristic of polycystic ovary syndrome, which affects placental function and fetal growth, and leads to reproductive and metabolic dysfunction in female offspring. Adiponectin acts on the placenta and may exert endocrine effects on the developing fetus. This study aims to investigate if maternal and/or fetal adiponectin can prevent metabolic and reproductive dysfunction in prenatal androgenized (PNA) female offspring. Adiponectin transgenic (APNtg) and wild-type dams received dihydrotestosterone/vehicle injections between gestational days 16.5-18.5 to induce PNA offspring, which were followed for 4 months. Offspring from APNtg dams were smaller than offspring from wild-type dams, independent of genotype. Insulin sensitivity was higher in wild-type mice from APNtg dams compared to wild-types from wild-type dams, and insulin sensitivity correlated with fat mass and adipocyte size. PNA increased visceral fat% and adipocyte size in wild-type offspring from wild-type dams, while wild-type and APNtg offspring from APNtg dams were protected against this effect. APNtg mice had smaller adipocytes than wild-types and this morphology was associated with an increased expression of genes regulating adipogenesis (Ppard, Pparg, Cebpa, and Cebpb) and metabolism (Chrebp and Lpl). Anogenital distance was increased in all PNA-exposed wild-type offspring, but there was no increase in PNA APNtg offspring, suggesting that adiponectin overexpression protects against this effect. In conclusion, elevated adiponectin levels in utero improve insulin sensitivity, reduce body weight and fat mass gain in the adult offspring and protect against PNA-induced visceral adiposity. In conclusion, these data suggest that PNA offspring benefit from prenatal adiponectin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Micallef
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
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Pinto C, Ibáñez MR, Loyola G, León L, Salvatore Y, González C, Barraza V, Castañeda F, Aldunate R, Contreras-Porcia L, Fuenzalida K, Bronfman FC. Characterization of an Agarophyton chilense Oleoresin Containing PPARγ Natural Ligands with Insulin-Sensitizing Effects in a C57Bl/6J Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity and Antioxidant Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nutrients 2021; 13:1828. [PMID: 34071972 PMCID: PMC8227508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomedical potential of the edible red seaweed Agarophyton chilense (formerly Gracilaria chilensis) has not been explored. Red seaweeds are enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids, which are known natural ligands of the PPARγ nuclear receptor. PPARγ is the molecular target of thiazolidinediones (TZDs), drugs used as insulin sensitizers to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medical use of TZDs is limited due to undesired side effects, a problem that has triggered the search for selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs) without the TZD side effects. We produced Agarophyton chilense oleoresin (Gracilex®), which induces PPARγ activation without inducing adipocyte differentiation, similar to SPPARMs. In a diet-induced obesity model of male mice, we showed that treatment with Gracilex® improves insulin sensitivity by normalizing altered glucose and insulin parameters. Gracilex® is enriched in palmitic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, and lipophilic antioxidants such as tocopherols and β-carotene. Accordingly, Gracilex® possesses antioxidant activity in vitro and increased antioxidant capacity in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans. These findings support the idea that Gracilex® represents a good source of natural PPARγ ligands and antioxidants with the potential to mitigate metabolic disorders. Thus, its nutraceutical value in humans warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Pinto
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - María Raquel Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Gloria Loyola
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Luisa León
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Yasmin Salvatore
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Carla González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Víctor Barraza
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
| | - Francisco Castañeda
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (F.C.); (L.C.-P.)
- Quintay Marine Research Center (CIMARQ), Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Valparaiso, Quintay 2480000, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Rebeca Aldunate
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Biotechnology, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (F.C.); (L.C.-P.)
- Quintay Marine Research Center (CIMARQ), Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Valparaiso, Quintay 2480000, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.R.I.); (G.L.); (L.L.); (Y.S.); (C.G.); (V.B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Che L, Ren B, Jia Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Shan J, Wang Y. Feprazone Displays Antiadipogenesis and Antiobesity Capacities in in Vitro 3 T3-L1 Cells and in Vivo Mice. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6674-6680. [PMID: 33748580 PMCID: PMC7970497 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissues and deregulation of adipogenesis-induced obesity affect millions of people worldwide. Feprazone, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has a wide clinical use. However, it is unknown whether Feprazone possesses an antiadipogenic ability. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Feprazone possesses an antiadipogenic ability in 3 T3-L1 cells and an antiobesity capacity in mouse models. METHODS An MTT assay was used to determine the optimized incubation concentrations of Feprazone in 3 T3-L1 cells. The lipid accumulation was evaluated using Oil Red O staining. The concentrations of triglyceride and glycerol release were detected to check the lipolysis during 3 T3-L1 adipogenesis. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C (SREBP-1C) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in treated cells. The expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP-α), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and aquaporin-7 (AQP-7) were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. After the high-fat diet (HFD) mice were treated with Feprazone, the pathological state of adipocyte tissues was evaluated using HE staining. The adipocyte size, visceral adipocyte tissue weight, and bodyweights were recorded. RESULTS According to the proliferation result, 30 and 60 μM Feprazone were used as the optimized concentrations of Feprazone. In the in vitro study, lipid accumulation, elevated production of triglycerides, the release of glycerol, upregulated SREBP-1C, FABP4, PPAR-γ, and C/EBP-α and downregulated ATGL and AQP-7 in the 3 T3-L1 adipocytes induced by the adipocyte differentiation cocktail medium were significantly reversed by treatment with Feprazone. In the in vivo experiment, we found that the increased adipocyte size, visceral adipocyte tissue weight, and body weights induced by HFD feeding in mice were significantly suppressed by the administration of Feprazone. CONCLUSION Feprazone might display anti-adipogenic and antiobesity capacities in in vitro 3 T3-L1 cells and in vivo mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Che
- Department
of Endocrinology Ward 3, The Third Affiliated
Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Bo Ren
- Department
of Endocrinology Ward 3, The Third Affiliated
Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Department
of Endocrinology Ward 3, The Third Affiliated
Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Yujia Dong
- Department
of Endocrinology Ward 3, The Third Affiliated
Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Department
of Endocrinology Ward 3, The Third Affiliated
Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Jie Shan
- Department
of Endocrinology Ward 3, The Third Affiliated
Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Department
of pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
- . Tel.: +86-452-2663370
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Papathanasiou AE, Spyropoulos F, Michael Z, Joung KE, Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Mantzoros CS, Christou H. Adipokines and Metabolic Regulators in Human and Experimental Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031435. [PMID: 33535425 PMCID: PMC7867052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with meta-inflammation related to obesity but the role of adipose tissue in PH pathogenesis is unknown. We hypothesized that adipose tissue-derived metabolic regulators are altered in human and experimental PH. We measured circulating levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4), fibroblast growth factor -21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and the mRNA levels of FABP-4, FGF-21, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in lung tissue of patients with idiopathic PH and healthy controls. We also evaluated lung and adipose tissue expression of these mediators in the three most commonly used experimental rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. Circulating levels of FABP-4, FGF-21, and adiponectin were significantly elevated in PH patients compared to controls and the mRNA levels of these regulators and PPARγ were also significantly increased in human PH lungs and in the lungs of rats with experimental PH compared to controls. These findings were coupled with increased levels of adipose tissue mRNA of genes related to glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation in experimental PH. Our results support that metabolic alterations in human PH are recapitulated in rodent models of the disease and suggest that adipose tissue may contribute to PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilia Eirini Papathanasiou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.E.P.); (F.S.); (K.E.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 10679 Athens, Greece; (D.D.B.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.E.P.); (F.S.); (K.E.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Zoe Michael
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kyoung E. Joung
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.E.P.); (F.S.); (K.E.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Despina D. Briana
- Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 10679 Athens, Greece; (D.D.B.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 10679 Athens, Greece; (D.D.B.); (A.M.-P.)
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (C.S.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.E.P.); (F.S.); (K.E.J.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Correspondence: (C.S.M.); (H.C.)
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Yuen JWY, Kim DD, Procyshyn RM, Panenka WJ, Honer WG, Barr AM. A Focused Review of the Metabolic Side-Effects of Clozapine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:609240. [PMID: 33716966 PMCID: PMC7947876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.609240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The second generation antipsychotic drug clozapine represents the most effective pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant psychosis. It is also associated with low rates of extrapyramidal symptoms and hyperprolactinemia compared to other antipsychotic drugs. However, clozapine tends to be underutilized in clinical practice due to a number of disabling and serious side-effects. These are characterized by a constellation of metabolic side-effects which include dysregulation of glucose, insulin, plasma lipids and body fat. Many patients treated with clozapine go on to develop metabolic syndrome at a higher rate than the general population, which predisposes them for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Treatments for the metabolic side-effects of clozapine vary in their efficacy. There is also a lack of knowledge about the underlying physiology of how clozapine exerts its metabolic effects in humans. In the current review, we focus on key studies which describe how clozapine affects each of the main symptoms of the metabolic syndrome, and cover some of the treatment options. The clinical data are then discussed in the context of preclinical studies that have been conducted to identify the key biological substrates involved, in order to provide a better integrated overview. Suggestions are provided about key areas for future research to better understand how clozapine causes metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W. Y. Yuen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David D. Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ric M. Procyshyn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William J. Panenka
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William G. Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M. Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Alasdair M. Barr,
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Understanding Mechanisms Underlying Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Mental Illness: Risperidone and Olanzapine Alter the Hepatic Proteomic Signature in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249362. [PMID: 33302598 PMCID: PMC7763698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe mental illness have increased mortality, often linked to cardio-metabolic disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence is higher in patients with schizophrenia and is exacerbated with antipsychotic treatment. NAFLD is associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are induced by several antipsychotic medications. NAFLD is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death for patients with severe mental illness. Although the clinical literature clearly defines increased risk of NAFLD with antipsychotic therapy, the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Given the complexity of the disorder as well as the complex pharmacology associated with atypical antipsychotic (AA) medications, we chose to use a proteomic approach in healthy mice treated with a low dose of risperidone (RIS) or olanzapine (OLAN) for 28 days to determine effects on development of NAFLD and to identify pathways impacted by AA medications, while removing confounding intrinsic effects of mental illness. Both AA drugs caused development of steatosis in comparison with vehicle controls (p < 0.01) and affected multiple pathways relating to energy metabolism, NAFLD, and immune function. AA-associated alteration in autonomic function appears to be a unifying theme in the regulation of hepatic pathology.
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Caverzan J, Mussi L, Sufi B, Padovani G, Nazato L, Camargo FB, Magalhães WV, Di Stasi LC. A new phytocosmetic preparation from Thymus vulgaris stimulates adipogenesis and controls skin aging process: In vitro studies and topical effects in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2190-2202. [PMID: 33169920 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the injectable products for soft tissue augmentation and treatment of skin aging is an uncomfortable, invasive and related to several complications, and chronic reactions, mainly after long-term application. Efforts to develop new topically active anti-aging products with fewer adverse effects are a huge challenge that should be faced. AIMS We evaluated the anti-aging effects of a phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris associated with lecithin (ThymLec) on the facial wrinkles, expression lines, and face oval remodeling using a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial and in vitro cell culture assays. METHODS A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ThymLec 2% on the area, length, and depth of the perioral and crow's feet wrinkles, nasolabial and smile lines, as well as face oval remodeling in female volunteers using a sophisticated Bio3D Structured-light Scanner. In the in vitro studies using 3T3-L1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, adiponectin was measured by immunoenzymatic assay, adipogenesis by the AdipoRed reagent method, and the PPAR-γ expression by RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Topical treatment with ThymLec 2% reduced facial wrinkles and expression lines promoting a face oval remodeling. In the in vitro studies, ThymLec upregulated the PPAR-γ expression increasing adiponectin production and stimulating the adipogenesis process. CONCLUSIONS The phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris and lecithin is an innovative and safe topical anti-aging product promoting fat tissue augmentation by adipogenesis stimulation via the upregulation of PPAR-γ expression and adiponectin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanifer Caverzan
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Lilian Mussi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Bianca Sufi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Giovana Padovani
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nazato
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Flavio B Camargo
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Wagner V Magalhães
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Murata T, Yamaguchi M, Kohno S, Takahashi C, Risa W, Hatori K, Hikita K, Kaneda N. Regucalcin enhances adipocyte differentiation and attenuates inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1967-1984. [PMID: 32783343 PMCID: PMC7530391 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of adipocyte differentiation and dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and as such, a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis may help to elucidate the pathological condition of obesity and its associated disorders. Regucalcin (RGN) plays multiple regulatory roles in intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways in mammalian cells. Here, we report that overexpression of RGN enhances lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocyte cells after adipogenic stimulation, accompanied by upregulation of adipocyte differentiation marker proteins. In contrast, genetic disruption of RGN inhibited adipogenic stimulation‐induced differentiation of 3T3‐L1 cells. Furthermore, RGN overexpression in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes blocked inflammatory crosstalk between 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages in a transwell coculture system. Knockdown of RGN expression in cocultured 3T3‐L1 adipocytes enhanced their susceptibility to RAW264.7 macrophage‐mediated inflammation. These results suggest that RGN is required for 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation and that it exerts anti‐inflammatory activity against 3T3‐L1 adipocyte inflammation after coculture with RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, RGN may be a novel regulator of adipocyte differentiation and act as a suppressor of inflammation in macrophage‐infiltrated adipocyte tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomiyasu Murata
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamaguchi
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Susumu Kohno
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Watanabe Risa
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kanna Hatori
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Hikita
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Diosmin ameliorates inflammation, insulin resistance, and fibrosis in an experimental model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115101. [PMID: 32512072 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Dou HX, Wang T, Su HX, Gao DD, Xu YC, Li YX, Wang HY. Exogenous FABP4 interferes with differentiation, promotes lipolysis and inflammation in adipocytes. Endocrine 2020; 67:587-596. [PMID: 31845180 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been demonstrated to be secreted from adipocytes in an unconventional pathway associated with lipolysis. Circulating FABP4 is elevated in metabolic disorders and has been shown to affect various peripheral cells such as pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes and macrophages, but its effects on adipocytes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenous FABP4 (eFABP4) on adipocyte differentiation and function. METHODS 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes or mature adipocytes were treated with recombinant FABP4 in the absence or presence of FABP4 inhibitor I-9/p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580; Meanwhile male C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected twice a day with recombinant FABP4 (0.35 mg/kg) with or without I-9 (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The effects of eFABP4 on differentiation, lipolysis and inflammation were determined by triglyceride measurement or lipolysis assay, western blotting, or RT-qPCR analysis. RESULTS eFABP4 treatment significantly reduced intracellular triglyceride content and decreased expression of adipogenic markers peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), intracellular FABP4, and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 cells. Besides, eFABP4 promoted lipolysis and inflammation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in adipose tissue of eFABP4-treated C57BL/6J mice, with elevated gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and elevated protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) (Ser-660), p38, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). The pro-inflammatory and pro-lipolytic effects of eFABP4 could be reversed by SB203580/I-9. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that eFABP4 interferes with adipocyte differentiation, induces p38/HSL mediated lipolysis and p38/NF-κB mediated inflammation in adipocytes in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Dou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hai-Xia Su
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Ding Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ye-Chun Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying-Xia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - He-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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Shepard CR. TLR9 in MAFLD and NASH: At the Intersection of Inflammation and Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:613639. [PMID: 33584545 PMCID: PMC7880160 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.613639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) is an ancient receptor integral to the primordial functions of inflammation and metabolism. TLR9 functions to regulate homeostasis in a healthy system under acute stress. The literature supports that overactivation of TLR9 under the chronic stress of obesity is a critical driver of the pathogenesis of NASH and NASH-associated fibrosis. Research has focused on the core contributions of the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in the liver, adipose, and gut compartments. TLR9 is activated by endogenous circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Chronically elevated circulating levels of mtDNA, caused by the stress of overnutrition, are observed in obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and NASH. Clinical evidence is supportive of TLR9 overactivation as a driver of disease. The role of TLR9 in metabolism and energy regulation may have an underappreciated contribution in the pathogenesis of NASH. Antagonism of TLR9 in NASH and NASH-associated fibrosis could be an effective therapeutic strategy to target both the inflammatory and metabolic components of such a complex disease.
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Orlando A, Nava E, Giussani M, Genovesi S. Adiponectin and Cardiovascular Risk. From Pathophysiology to Clinic: Focus on Children and Adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3228. [PMID: 31262082 PMCID: PMC6651242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is a cytokine produced by adipocytes that acts on specific receptors of several tissues through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling mechanisms. Ad is involved in the regulation of cell survival, cell growth, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Ad plays an important pathophysiological role in metabolic activities by acting on peripheral tissues involved in glucose and lipid metabolism such as skeletal muscle, and the liver. Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and insulin-sensitizing effects. For this reason, low levels of Ad are associated with the development of cardiovascular complications of obesity in adulthood. Numerous studies have shown that, even in children and adolescents, Ad is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. In obese children, reduced levels of Ad have been reported and Ad plasma levels are inversely related with abdominal obesity. Moreover, lower Ad concentrations are associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and hypertension in pediatric subjects. In addition to a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, plasma values of Ad are also inversely associated with early organ damage, such as an increase in carotid intima-media thickness. It has been suggested that low Ad levels in childhood might predict the development of atherosclerosis in adulthood, suggesting the possibility of using Ad to stratify cardiovascular risk in obese children. Some evidence suggests that lifestyle modification may increase Ad plasma levels. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on the relationship between Ad, obesity, metabolic alterations and hypertension in children and adolescents, and to address the possibility that Ad represents an early marker of cardiovascular risk in pediatric subjects. Furthermore, the effects of non-pharmacological treatment (weight loss and physical activity) on Ad levels are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Orlando
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Elisa Nava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy
| | | | - Simonetta Genovesi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan 20100, Italy.
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20100, Italy.
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Akbari M, Lankarani KB, Tabrizi R, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Peymani P, Ferns G, Ghaderi A, Asemi Z. The Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 31249528 PMCID: PMC6582779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The current systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess the influence of curcumin intake on weight among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Methods: We searched the following databases up until January 2018: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The relevant data were extracted and evaluated for quality of the studies in accordance with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method and expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Eighteen articles (21 studies) that comprised a total of 1,604 individuals were finally included in the meta-analysis. Curcumin intake significantly reduced body mass index (BMI) (SMD −0.37; 95% CI, −0.61, −0.13; P < 0.01), weight (SMD −0.23; 95% CI, −0.39, −0.06; P < 0.01), waist-circumference (WC) (SMD −0.25; 95% CI, −0.44, −0.05; P = 0.01), leptin levels (SMD −0.97; 95% CI, −1.18, −0.75; P < 0.001) and increased adiponectin levels (SMD 1.05; 95% CI, 0.23, 1.87; P = 0.01). We found no significant effect of curcumin intake on hip ratio (HR) (SMD −0.17; 95% CI, −0.42, 0.08; P = 0.18). Conclusions: Overall, we have found that curcumin intake among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders was correlated with a significant reduction in BMI, weight, WC, and leptin, and a significant increase in adiponectin levels, but did not affect HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Payam Peymani
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit-Matini/Kargarnejad Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Niacin improves adiponectin secretion, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Pulmonary Hypertension and Obesity: Focus on Adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040912. [PMID: 30791536 PMCID: PMC6412189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is an umbrella term including many different disorders causing an increase of the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mmHg. Recent data revealed a strong association between obesity and pulmonary hypertension. Adiponectin is a protein synthetized by the adipose tissue with pleiotropic effects on inflammation and cell proliferation, with a potential protective role on the pulmonary vasculature. Both in vivo and in vitro studies documented that adiponectin is an endogenous modulator of NO production and interferes with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κβ) signaling preventing endothelial dysfunction and proliferation. Furthermore, adiponectin ameliorates insulin resistance by mediating the biological effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Therefore, adiponectin modulation emerged as a theoretical target for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, currently under investigation. Recently, consistent data showed that hypoglycemic agents targeting PPARγ as well as renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers may influence pulmonary hemodynamics in different models of pulmonary hypertension.
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Wan R, Ding Z, Xia S, Zheng L, Lu J. Effects Of PPARγ2 Pro12Ala Variant On Adipocyte Phenotype Dependent Of DHA. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2273-2279. [PMID: 31802926 PMCID: PMC6830383 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s214526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) plays a critical role in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and adipocytokine production. The Pro12Ala variant is the most common mutation in the PPARγ2 gene. Its effect appears to be sensitive to dietary factors, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction effect between PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variant and DHA on the phenotypes of adipocytes. METHODS We generated stable 3T3-L1 cell lines expressing wild-type PPARγ2 or PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variant. These two cell lines were cultured with different concentrations of DHA (0, 50, 200 umol/L). Then Oil red O staining was used to observe cell differentiation and the degree of lipid accumulation, TUNNEL assay was used to detect cell apoptosis, and ELISA assays were used to detect the changes of TNF-α, resistin and adiponectin levels in cell culture supernatant. RESULTS PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variant reduced lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with or without 50 μmol/L DHA, but not with 200 μmol/L DHA, compared to that of wild-type PPARγ2. PPARγ2 reduced resistin production and increased adiponectin production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variant diminished these effects. However, the absence of DHA blocked PPARγ2 Ala12 variant-induced effects on adiponectin production. There was no significant difference in TNF-α secretion between wild-type PPARγ2 and PPARγ2 Pro12Ala cells whether with or without DHA. CONCLUSION These results indicated that the effects of PPARγ2 Pro12Ala variant were dependent on DHA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhui Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longyi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jin Lu; Longyi Zheng Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No.168, Changhai Road, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China Email ;
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Otvos L. Potential Adiponectin Receptor Response Modifier Therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 31456747 PMCID: PMC6700268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases may benefit from adiponectin replacement therapy, but due to pharmacological disadvantages of the intact protein, druggable options focus on peptidic, and small molecule agonists of the adiponectin receptor. Peptide-based adiponectin replacement drug leads are derived from, or resemble, the active site of globular adiponectin. ADP355, the first-in-class such peptide, exhibits low nanomolar cellular activities, and clinically acceptable efficacies in a series of fibrotic and inflammation-derived diseases. The advantage of small molecule therapies, spearheaded by AdipoRon, is oral availability and extension of utility to a series of metabolic conditions. It is exactly the difficulties in the reliability and readout of the in vitro measures and the wealth of in vivo models that make comparison of the various drug classes complicated, if not impossible. While only a fewer number of maladies could take advantage of adiponectin receptor antagonists, the limited number of these available can be very useful tools in target validation studies. Alternative approaches to direct adiponectin signaling control use upstream adiponectin production inducing therapies but currently these offer relatively limited success compared to direct receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Otvos
- OLPE LLC, Audubon, PA, United States
- Allysta Pharmaceuticals, San Mateo, CA, United States
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Laszlo Otvos Jr.
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Silveira LS, Batatinha HAP, Castoldi A, Câmara NOS, Festuccia WT, Souza CO, Rosa Neto JC, Lira FS. Exercise rescues the immune response fine-tuned impaired by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ deletion in macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5241-5251. [PMID: 30238979 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is a powerful tool for prevention and treatment of many conditions related to the cardiovascular system and also chronic low-grade inflammation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) exerts an import role on the regulation of metabolic profile and subsequent inflammatory response, especially in macrophages. PURPOSE To investigate the effects of 8-week moderate-exercise training on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in mice with PPARγ deficiency in myeloid cells. METHODS Twelve-week old mice bearing PPARγ deletion exclusively in myeloid cells (PPARγlox/lox Lys Cre -/+ , knockout [KO]) and littermate controls (PPARγlox/lox Lys Cre -/- , wild type [WT]) were submitted to 8-week exercise training (treadmill running at moderate intensity, 5 days/week). Animals were evaluated for food intake, glucose homeostasis, serum metabolites, adipose tissue and peritoneal macrophage inflammation, and basal and stimulated cytokine secretion. RESULTS Exercise protocol did not improve glucose metabolism or adiponectin concentrations in serum of KO mice. Moreover, the absence of PPARγ in macrophages exacerbated the proinflammatory profile in sedentary mice. Peritoneal cultured cells had higher tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in nonstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated conditions and higher Toll-4 receptor (TLR4) gene expression under LPS stimulus. Trained mice showed reduced TNF-α content in adipose tissue independently of the genotype. M2 polarization ability was impaired in KO peritoneal macrophages after exercise training, while adipose tissue-associated macrophages did not present any effect by PPARγ ablation. CONCLUSION Overall, PPARγ seems necessary to maintain macrophages appropriate response to inflammatory stimulus and macrophage polarization, affecting also whole body lipid metabolism and adiponectin profile. Exercise training showed as an efficient mechanism to restore the immune response impaired by PPARγ deletion in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreana Sanches Silveira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Castoldi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Willian T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Oliveira Souza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Xuezheng L, Bing S, Haoqiang Z, Chunyu M, Yali Y, Jing W, Yumeng G, Hongwei Z. The effects of emodin on insulin resistance in KKAy mice with diabetes mellitus. Pharmacogn Mag 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_362_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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46
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Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of polyphenols extracted from Antirhea borbonica medicinal plant on adipocytes exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:303-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Long-term soft drink and aspartame intake induces hepatic damage via dysregulation of adipocytokines and alteration of the lipid profile and antioxidant status. Nutr Res 2017; 41:47-55. [PMID: 28465000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of fructose corn syrup in sweetened beverages is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines play a role in lipid storage and induction of liver injury. Therefore, this study intended to explore the expression of adipocytokines and its link to hepatic damage. Rats were assigned to drink water, cola soft drink (free access) and aspartame (240 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for 2 months. The lipid profiles, liver antioxidants and pathology, and mRNA expression of adipogenic cytokines were evaluated. Subchronic intake of soft drink or aspartame substantially induced hyperglycemia and hypertriacylglycerolemia, as represented by increased serum glucose, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with obvious visceral fatty deposition. These metabolic syndromes were associated with the up-regulation of leptin and down-regulation of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression. Moreover, alterations in serum transaminases accompanied by hepatic oxidative stress involving induction of malondialdehyde and reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels are indicative of oxidative hepatic damage. Several cytoarchitecture alterations were detected in the liver, including degeneration, infiltration, necrosis, and fibrosis, predominantly with aspartame. These data suggest that long-term intake of soft drink or aspartame-induced hepatic damage may be mediated by the induction of hyperglycemia, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress with the involvement of adipocytokines.
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Mann S, Nydam DV, Abuelo A, Leal Yepes FA, Overton TR, Wakshlag JJ. Insulin signaling, inflammation, and lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue of transition dairy cows either overfed energy during the prepartum period or fed a controlled-energy diet. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6737-6752. [PMID: 27209137 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue mobilization is a hallmark of the transition period in dairy cows. Cows overfed energy during the dry period have higher concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) compared with cows fed a controlled-energy diet prepartum. The reason for an increase in blood NEFA concentrations at the level of adipose tissue in cows overfed energy has not been fully elucidated. One hypothesis is that cows with high BHB concentrations suffer from adipose tissue-specific insulin resistance, leading to higher rates of adipose tissue mobilization in the postpartum period. To test this hypothesis, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of cows overfed energy in excess of predicted requirements by 50% in the dry period, and that had high concentrations of blood BHB postpartum (group H; n=12), were used. Findings were compared with results of biopsies from cows fed a controlled-energy diet and with low BHB concentrations postpartum (group C; n=12) to create the biggest contrast in BHB concentrations. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained before and 60 min after an intravenous glucose challenge (0.25 g/kg of glucose) at 28 and 10 d before expected calving as well as on d 4 and 21 postpartum. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was determined before and after glucose infusion by Western blot. Western blot was also used to assess the baseline protein abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and insulin receptor β-subunit. In addition, gene expression of fatty acid synthase, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor α was determined by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Backfat thickness was determined in the thurl area by ultrasonography. Cows in group H showed a greater degree of lipogenesis prepartum, but no differences were found in lipolytic enzyme activity postpartum compared with cows in group C. Baseline plasma insulin concentrations were decreased and serum NEFA concentrations increased postpartum in group H. Insulin signaling through protein kinase B, quantity of insulin receptor, markers of inflammation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in adipose tissue were not different between the groups, but expression of adiponectin was increased in adipose tissue of cows in group H during the immediate peripartum period. In conclusion, differences in serum concentrations of NEFA between cows overfed energy prepartum and high blood concentrations of BHB are likely due to greater negative energy balance postpartum reflected in lower circulating concentrations of glucose and insulin and an increase in the total amount of mobilized adipose tissue mass rather than due to changes in adipose tissue insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - D V Nydam
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - A Abuelo
- Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002 Spain
| | - F A Leal Yepes
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J J Wakshlag
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Ozaki KI, Awazu M, Tamiya M, Iwasaki Y, Harada A, Kugisaki S, Tanimura S, Kohno M. Targeting the ERK signaling pathway as a potential treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E643-E651. [PMID: 26860984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00445.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have now examined the potential of pharmacological targeting of the ERK pathway with MEK (ERK kinase) inhibitors (PD184352 and PD0325901) for the treatment of obesity-associated insulin resistance. The effects of PD184352 and PD0325901 on the expression of adipocytokines and lipolysis activity were thus examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes maintained in long-term culture as a model of adipocyte hypertrophy. Leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and high-fat diet-fed KKAy mice, both of which are models of type 2 diabetes, were also treated orally with PD184352 to examine its effects on the diabetic condition. ERK activity was increased in hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in adipose tissue of db/db mice and high-fat diet-fed KKAy mice, and this enhanced ERK signaling was associated with dysregulation of adipocytokine expression and increased lipolysis activity. Specific blockade of the ERK pathway in hypertrophic 3T3-L1 adipocytes by MEK inhibitors ameliorated the dysregulation of adipocytokine expression and suppressed the enhanced lipolysis activity. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of PD184352 normalized hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in the diabetic mice. These results suggest that sustained activation of the ERK pathway in adipocytes is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and that selective blockade of this pathway with MEK inhibitors warrants further study as a promising approach to the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-Ichi Ozaki
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Midori Awazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Tamiya
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Yuka Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Aya Harada
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Satomi Kugisaki
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; and
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Could gestational diabetes mellitus be managed through dietary bioactive compounds? Current knowledge and future perspectives. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1129-44. [PMID: 26879600 PMCID: PMC4825102 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious problem growing worldwide that needs to be addressed with urgency in consideration of the resulting severe complications for both mother and fetus. Growing evidence indicates that a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables, nuts, extra-virgin olive oil and fish has beneficial effects in both the prevention and management of several human diseases and metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the latest data concerning the effects of dietary bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and PUFA on the molecular mechanisms regulating glucose homoeostasis. Several studies, mostly based on in vitro and animal models, indicate that dietary polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, positively modulate the insulin signalling pathway by attenuating hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, reducing inflammatory adipokines, and modifying microRNA (miRNA) profiles. Very few data about the influence of dietary exposure on GDM outcomes are available, although this approach deserves careful consideration. Further investigation, which includes exploring the ‘omics’ world, is needed to better understand the complex interaction between dietary compounds and GDM.
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