1
|
Chen K, Li Y, Wu X, Tang X, Zhang B, Fan T, He L, Pei X, Li Y. Establishment of human hematopoietic organoids for evaluation of hematopoietic injury and regeneration effect. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:133. [PMID: 38704588 PMCID: PMC11070084 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hematopoietic organoids have a wide application value for modeling human bone marrow diseases, such as acute hematopoietic radiation injury. However, the manufacturing of human hematopoietic organoids is an unaddressed challenge because of the complexity of hematopoietic tissues. METHODS To manufacture hematopoietic organoids, we obtained CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) using stepwise induction and immunomagnetic bead-sorting. We then mixed these CD34+ HSPCs with niche-related cells in Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) to form a three-dimensional (3D) hematopoietic organoid. Additionally, we investigated the effects of radiation damage and response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in hematopoietic organoids. RESULTS The GelMA hydrogel maintained the undifferentiated state of hESCs-derived HSPCs by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The established hematopoietic organoids in GelMA with niche-related cells were composed of HSPCs and multilineage blood cells and demonstrated the adherence of hematopoietic cells to niche cells. Notably, these hematopoietic organoids exhibited radiation-induced hematopoietic cell injury effect, including increased intracellular ROS levels, γ-H2AX positive cell percentages, and hematopoietic cell apoptosis percentages. Moreover, G-CSF supplementation in the culture medium significantly improved the survival of HSPCs and enhanced myeloid cell regeneration in these hematopoietic organoids after radiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings substantiate the successful manufacture of a preliminary 3D hematopoietic organoid from hESCs-derived HSPCs, which was utilized for modeling hematopoietic radiation injury and assessing the radiation-mitigating effects of G-CSF in vitro. Our study provides opportunities to further aid in the standard and scalable production of hematopoietic organoids for disease modeling and drug testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yunqiao Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xumin Wu
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Hebei University, Hebei, Baoding, 071002, China
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xuetao Pei
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Torres-Llanos Y, Zabaleta J, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Quijano S, Guzmán PC, de los Reyes I, Poveda-Garavito N, Infante A, Lopez-Kleine L, Combita AL. MIR4435-2HG as a possible novel predictive biomarker of chemotherapy response and death in pediatric B-cell ALL. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1385140. [PMID: 38745909 PMCID: PMC11091394 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1385140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) survival rates have improved in recent years, Hispanic children continue to have poorer survival rates. There are few tools available to identify at the time of diagnosis whether the patient will respond to induction therapy. Our goal was to identify predictive biomarkers of treatment response, which could also serve as prognostic biomarkers of death, by identifying methylated and differentially expressed genes between patients with positive minimal residual disease (MRD+) and negative minimal residual disease (MRD-). Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from tumor blasts separated by immunomagnetic columns. Illumina MethlationEPIC and mRNA sequencing assays were performed on 13 bone marrows from Hispanic children with B-cell ALL. Partek Flow was used for transcript mapping and quantification, followed by differential expression analysis using DEseq2. DNA methylation analyses were performed with Partek Genomic Suite and Genome Studio. Gene expression and differential methylation were compared between patients with MRD-/- and MRD+/+ at the end of induction chemotherapy. Overexpressed and hypomethylated genes were selected and validated by RT-qPCR in samples of an independent validation cohort. The predictive ability of the genes was assessed by logistic regression. Survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the association of genes with death. Results: DAPK1, BOC, CNKSR3, MIR4435-2HG, CTHRC1, NPDC1, SLC45A3, ITGA6, and ASCL2 were overexpressed and hypomethylated in MRD+/+ patients. Overexpression was also validated by RT-qPCR. DAPK1, BOC, ASCL2, and CNKSR3 can predict refractoriness, but MIR4435-2HG is the best predictor. Additionally, higher expression of MIR4435-2HG increases the probability of non-response, death, and the risk of death. Finally, MIR4435-2HG overexpression, together with MRD+, are associated with poorer survival, and together with overexpression of DAPK1 and ASCL2, it could improve the risk classification of patients with normal karyotype. Conclusion: MIR4435-2HG is a potential predictive biomarker of treatment response and death in children with B-cell ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Sandra Quijano
- Department of Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Ana Infante
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Cancer Biology Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uehata T, Yamada S, Ori D, Vandenbon A, Giladi A, Jelinski A, Murakawa Y, Watanabe H, Takeuchi K, Toratani K, Mino T, Kiryu H, Standley DM, Tsujimura T, Ikawa T, Kondoh G, Landthaler M, Kawamoto H, Rodewald HR, Amit I, Yamamoto R, Miyazaki M, Takeuchi O. Regulation of lymphoid-myeloid lineage bias through regnase-1/3-mediated control of Nfkbiz. Blood 2024; 143:243-257. [PMID: 37922454 PMCID: PMC10808253 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Regulation of lineage biases in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is pivotal for balanced hematopoietic output. However, little is known about the mechanism behind lineage choice in HSPCs. Here, we show that messenger RNA (mRNA) decay factors regnase-1 (Reg1; Zc3h12a) and regnase-3 (Reg3; Zc3h12c) are essential for determining lymphoid fate and restricting myeloid differentiation in HSPCs. Loss of Reg1 and Reg3 resulted in severe impairment of lymphopoiesis and a mild increase in myelopoiesis in the bone marrow. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that Reg1 and Reg3 regulate lineage directions in HSPCs via the control of a set of myeloid-related genes. Reg1- and Reg3-mediated control of mRNA encoding Nfkbiz, a transcriptional and epigenetic regulator, was essential for balancing lymphoid/myeloid lineage output in HSPCs in vivo. Furthermore, single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing analysis revealed that Reg1 and Reg3 control the epigenetic landscape on myeloid-related gene loci in early stage HSPCs via Nfkbiz. Consistently, an antisense oligonucleotide designed to inhibit Reg1- and Reg3-mediated Nfkbiz mRNA degradation primed hematopoietic stem cells toward myeloid lineages by enhancing Nfkbiz expression. Collectively, the collaboration between posttranscriptional control and chromatin remodeling by the Reg1/Reg3-Nfkbiz axis governs HSPC lineage biases, ultimately dictating the fate of lymphoid vs myeloid differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Uehata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yamada
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ori
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adam Jelinski
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yasuhiro Murakawa
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Sciences, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Toratani
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisanori Kiryu
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daron M. Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Tsujimura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Sciences, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Markus Landthaler
- RNA Biology and Posttranscriptional Regulation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Berlin Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division for Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ryo Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang YW, Schönberger K, Cabezas‐Wallscheid N. Bidirectional interplay between metabolism and epigenetics in hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112348. [PMID: 38010205 PMCID: PMC10711668 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Cellular and organismal metabolisms have been shown to directly instruct epigenetic alterations, and thereby dictate stem cell fate, in the bone marrow. Epigenetic regulatory enzymes are dependent on the availability of metabolites to facilitate DNA- and histone-modifying reactions. The metabolic and epigenetic features of HSCs and their downstream progenitors can be significantly altered by environmental perturbations, dietary habits, and hematological diseases. Therefore, understanding metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate healthy HSCs can contribute to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets that specifically eliminate leukemia stem cells while sparing healthy HSCs. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the metabolic and epigenetic interplay regulating hematopoietic stem cell fate. We discuss the influence of metabolic stress stimuli, as well as alterations occurring during leukemic development. Additionally, we highlight recent therapeutic advancements toward eradicating acute myeloid leukemia cells by intervening in metabolic and epigenetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wallace L, Obeng EA. Noncoding rules of survival: epigenetic regulation of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1273046. [PMID: 38028538 PMCID: PMC10644717 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1273046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an essential process for organismal development and homeostasis. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is critical for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in normal hematopoiesis. Increasing evidence shows that disrupting the balance between self-renewal and cell fate decisions can give rise to hematological diseases such as bone marrow failure and leukemia. Consequently, next-generation sequencing studies have identified various aberrations in histone modifications, DNA methylation, RNA splicing, and RNA modifications in hematologic diseases. Favorable outcomes after targeting epigenetic regulators during disease states have further emphasized their importance in hematological malignancy. However, these targeted therapies are only effective in some patients, suggesting that further research is needed to decipher the complexity of epigenetic regulation during hematopoiesis. In this review, an update on the impact of the epigenome on normal hematopoiesis, disease initiation and progression, and current therapeutic advancements will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther A. Obeng
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He J, Xu T, Zhao F, Guo J, Hu Q. SETD2-H3K36ME3: an important bridge between the environment and tumors. Front Genet 2023; 14:1204463. [PMID: 37359376 PMCID: PMC10288198 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1204463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the occurrence, development and treatment of tumors. The histone methyltransferase SET-domain-containing 2 (SETD2) plays a key role in mammalian epigenetic regulation by catalyzing histone methylation and interacting with RNA polymerase II to mediate transcription elongation and mismatch repair. As an important bridge between the environment and tumors, SETD2-H3K36me3 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Many tumors, including renal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, are closely related to SETD2 gene mutations. As a key component of common tumor suppressor mechanisms, SETD2-H3K36me3is an important target for clinical disease diagnosis and treatment. Here, we reviewed the structure and function of the SETD2 and how SETD2-H3K36me3 functions as a bridge between the environment and tumors to provide an in-depth understanding of its role in the occurrence and development of various tumors, which is of great significance for future disease diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tangpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fangrui Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinyong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu M, Wang Q, Gu T, Han Y, Zeng X, Li J, Dong J, Huang H, Qian P. Hydrogel-based microenvironment engineering of haematopoietic stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:49. [PMID: 36690903 PMCID: PMC11073069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic Stem cells (HSCs) have the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, and their behaviours are finely tuned by the microenvironment. HSC transplantation (HSCT) is widely used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies while limited by the quantity of available HSCs. With the development of tissue engineering, hydrogels have been deployed to mimic the HSC microenvironment in vitro. Engineered hydrogels influence HSC behaviour by regulating mechanical strength, extracellular matrix microstructure, cellular ligands and cytokines, cell-cell interaction, and oxygen concentration, which ultimately facilitate the acquisition of sufficient HSCs. Here, we review recent advances in the application of hydrogel-based microenvironment engineering of HSCs, and provide future perspectives on challenges in basic research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiwei Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianning Gu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingli Han
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinxin Li
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Huang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Liu S, Yu J. Multi-lineage Differentiation from Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:159-175. [PMID: 38228964 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to differentiate and give rise to all mature blood cells. Commitment to differentiation progressively limits the self-renewal potential of the original HSCs by regulating the level of lineage-specific gene expression. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC differentiation toward erythroid, myeloid, and lymphocyte lineages. Moreover, we will decipher how the single-cell technologies advance the lineage-biased HSC subpopulations and their differentiation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thomas GE, Egan G, García-Prat L, Botham A, Voisin V, Patel PS, Hoff FW, Chin J, Nachmias B, Kaufmann KB, Khan DH, Hurren R, Wang X, Gronda M, MacLean N, O'Brien C, Singh RP, Jones CL, Harding SM, Raught B, Arruda A, Minden MD, Bader GD, Hakem R, Kornblau S, Dick JE, Schimmer AD. The metabolic enzyme hexokinase 2 localizes to the nucleus in AML and normal haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to maintain stemness. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:872-884. [PMID: 35668135 PMCID: PMC9203277 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolites regulate leukaemic and normal stem cells by affecting epigenetic marks. How mitochondrial enzymes localize to the nucleus to control stem cell function is less understood. We discovered that the mitochondrial metabolic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) localizes to the nucleus in leukaemic and normal haematopoietic stem cells. Overexpression of nuclear HK2 increases leukaemic stem cell properties and decreases differentiation, whereas selective nuclear HK2 knockdown promotes differentiation and decreases stem cell function. Nuclear HK2 localization is phosphorylation-dependent, requires active import and export, and regulates differentiation independently of its enzymatic activity. HK2 interacts with nuclear proteins regulating chromatin openness, increasing chromatin accessibilities at leukaemic stem cell-positive signature and DNA-repair sites. Nuclear HK2 overexpression decreases double-strand breaks and confers chemoresistance, which may contribute to the mechanism by which leukaemic stem cells resist DNA-damaging agents. Thus, we describe a non-canonical mechanism by which mitochondrial enzymes influence stem cell function independently of their metabolic function. Thomas, Egan et al. report that hexokinase 2 localizes to the nucleus of leukaemic and normal haematopoietic cells to maintain stemness by interacting with nuclear proteins and modulating chromatin accessibility independently of its kinase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geethu Emily Thomas
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Egan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura García-Prat
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Botham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronique Voisin
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parasvi S Patel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fieke W Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordan Chin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boaz Nachmias
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dilshad H Khan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose Hurren
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcela Gronda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil MacLean
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristiana O'Brien
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rashim P Singh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane M Harding
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Arruda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomedical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Razq Hakem
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve Kornblau
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Overbeeke C, Tak T, Koenderman L. The journey of neutropoiesis: how complex landscapes in bone marrow guide continuous neutrophil lineage determination. Blood 2022; 139:2285-2293. [PMID: 34986245 PMCID: PMC11022826 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell, and they differentiate in homeostasis in the bone marrow from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) via multiple intermediate progenitor cells into mature cells that enter the circulation. Recent findings support a continuous model of differentiation in the bone marrow of heterogeneous HSCs and progenitor populations. Cell fate decisions at the levels of proliferation and differentiation are enforced through expression of lineage-determining transcription factors and their interactions, which are influenced by intrinsic (intracellular) and extrinsic (extracellular) mechanisms. Neutrophil homeostasis is subjected to positive-feedback loops, stemming from the gut microbiome, as well as negative-feedback loops resulting from the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by mature macrophages. Finally, the cellular kinetics regarding the replenishing of the mature neutrophil pool is discussed in light of recent contradictory data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Overbeeke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Tak
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Legaki E, Arsenis C, Taka S, Papadopoulos NG. DNA methylation biomarkers in asthma and rhinitis: Are we there yet? Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12131. [PMID: 35344303 PMCID: PMC8967268 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of epigenetics has improved our understanding of mechanisms underpinning gene‐environment interactions and is providing new insights in the pathophysiology of respiratory allergic diseases. We reviewed the literature on DNA methylation patterns across different tissues in asthma and/or rhinitis and attempted to elucidate differentially methylated loci that could be used to characterize asthma or rhinitis. Although nasal and bronchial epithelia are similar in their histological structure and cellular composition, genetic and epigenetic regulation may differ across tissues. Advanced methods have enabled comprehensive, high‐throughput methylation profiling of different tissues (bronchial or nasal epithelial cells, whole blood or isolated mononuclear cells), in subjects with respiratory conditions, aiming to elucidate gene regulation mechanisms and identify new biomarkers. Several genes and CpGs have been suggested as asthma biomarkers, though research on allergic rhinitis is still lacking. The most common differentially methylated loci presented in both blood and nasal samples are ACOT7, EPX, KCNH2, SIGLEC8, TNIK, FOXP1, ATPAF2, ZNF862, ADORA3, ARID3A, IL5RA, METRNL and ZFPM1. Overall, there is substantial variation among studies, (i.e. sample sizes, age groups and disease phenotype). Greater variability of analysis method detailed phenotypic characterization and age stratification should be taken into account in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Legaki
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Christos Arsenis
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Styliani Taka
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Second Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hidalgo I, Wahlestedt M, Yuan O, Zhang Q, Bryder D, Pronk CJ. Bmi1 induction protects hematopoietic stem cells against pronounced long-term hematopoietic stress. Exp Hematol 2022; 109:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
13
|
Georgolopoulos G, Psatha N, Iwata M, Nishida A, Som T, Yiangou M, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Vierstra J. Discrete regulatory modules instruct hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6790. [PMID: 34815405 PMCID: PMC8611072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation is driven by the concerted action of master transcriptional regulators at their target chromatin sites. Multiple efforts have characterized the key transcription factors (TFs) that determine the various hematopoietic lineages. However, the temporal interactions between individual TFs and their chromatin targets during differentiation and how these interactions dictate lineage commitment remains poorly understood. Here we perform dense, daily, temporal profiling of chromatin accessibility (DNase I-seq) and gene expression changes (total RNA-seq) along ex vivo human erythropoiesis to comprehensively define developmentally regulated DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) and transcripts. We link both distal DHSs to their target gene promoters and individual TFs to their target DHSs, revealing that the regulatory landscape is organized in distinct sequential regulatory modules that regulate lineage restriction and maturation. Finally, direct comparison of transcriptional dynamics (bulk and single-cell) and lineage potential between erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis uncovers differential fate commitment dynamics between the two lineages as they exit the stem and progenitor stage. Collectively, these data provide insights into the temporally regulated synergy of the cis- and the trans-regulatory components underlying hematopoietic lineage commitment and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Georgolopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | - Mineo Iwata
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tannishtha Som
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Vierstra
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baragaño Raneros A, Rodriguez RM, Bernardo Flórez A, Palomo P, Colado E, Minguela A, Suárez Álvarez B, López-Larrea C. Bromodomain protein BRD4 is an epigenetic activator of B7-H6 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1897294. [PMID: 33796404 PMCID: PMC8007156 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1897294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H6, a ligand for the NK activating receptor NKp30, has been identified as a biomarker of poor prognosis in several solid cancers. However, little is known about the role of B7-H6 and the mechanisms that control its expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Epigenome modulation, including epigenomic reader dysregulation, is one of the hallmarks of AML. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), the best-known member of the BET family of epigenetic readers, is overexpressed in AML cells and regulates the transcription of genes involved in the pathogenesis of AML, as MYC oncogene. Here, we analyze the role of BRD4 in regulating B7-H6 in AML cells. Results demonstrated that the specific inhibition of BRD4 drastically reduces the expression of B7-H6 in AML cells. Histone acetylation mediated by CBP30/P300 facilitates the binding of BRD4 to the B7-H6 promoter, which recruits the P-TEFb elongation factor that phosphorylates RNA polymerase II, thereby activating B7-H6 transcription. BRD4 also co-bounded with JMJD6 at the distal enhancer of the B7-H6 gene. Metabolic modulation with metformin modifies the acetylation pattern in the B7-H6 promoter, impairing BRD4 binding, thereby inhibiting B7-H6 expression. B7-H6 knockdown induces the apoptosis in HEL-R cell line. Moreover, a high level of B7-H6 expression in AML patients is related to increased BRD4 levels, myelodysplastic-derived AML, and del5q, the two latter being associated with poor prognosis. Our data show that BRD4 is a positive regulator of the pro-tumorigenic molecule B7-H6 and that the blockage of the B7-H6 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Baragaño Raneros
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Del Principado De Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Del Principado De Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Bernardo Flórez
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Del Principado De Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pilar Palomo
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Del Principado De Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano De Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Suárez Álvarez
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Del Principado De Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Translation Immunology Laboratory, Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria Del Principado De Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen C, Sun MA, Warzecha C, Bachu M, Dey A, Wu T, Adams PD, Macfarlan T, Love P, Ozato K. HIRA, a DiGeorge Syndrome Candidate Gene, Confers Proper Chromatin Accessibility on HSCs and Supports All Stages of Hematopoiesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2136-2149.e4. [PMID: 32075733 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIRA is a histone chaperone that deposits the histone variant H3.3 in transcriptionally active genes. In DiGeorge syndromes, a DNA stretch encompassing HIRA is deleted. The syndromes manifest varied abnormalities, including immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. HIRA is essential in mice, as total knockout (KO) results in early embryonic death. However, the role of HIRA in hematopoiesis is poorly understood. We investigate hematopoietic cell-specific Hira deletion in mice and show that it dramatically reduces bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphocytopenia. In contrast, fetal hematopoiesis is normal in Hira-KO mice, although fetal HSCs lack the reconstitution capacity. Transcriptome analysis reveals that HIRA is required for expression of many transcription factors and signaling molecules critical for HSCs. ATAC-seq analysis demonstrates that HIRA establishes HSC-specific DNA accessibility, including the SPIB/PU.1 sites. Together, HIRA provides a chromatin environment essential for HSCs, thereby steering their development and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Mammalian Epigenome Reprogramming Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claude Warzecha
- Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mahesh Bachu
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anup Dey
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiyun Wu
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Todd Macfarlan
- Mammalian Epigenome Reprogramming Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Love
- Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Molecular Genetics of Immunity Section, Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie W, Zhou X, Hu W, Chu Z, Ruan Q, Zhang H, Li M, Zhang H, Huang X, Yao P. Pterostilbene accelerates wound healing by modulating diabetes-induced estrogen receptor β suppression in hematopoietic stem cells. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkaa045. [PMID: 33654697 PMCID: PMC7901710 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Delayed wound healing is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus and is characterized by prolonged inflammation, delayed re-epithelialization and consistent oxidative stress, although the detailed mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role and effect of pterostilbene (PTE) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) on diabetic wound healing. Methods Diabetic rats were used to measure the epigenetic changes in both HSCs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A cutaneous burn injury was induced in the rats and PTE-treated diabetic HSCs were transplanted for evaluation of wound healing. In addition, several biomedical parameters, including gene expression, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and inflammation in macrophages, were also measured. Results Our data showed that PTE had a much stronger effect than resveratrol on accelerating diabetic wound healing, likely because PTE can ameliorate diabetes-induced epigenetic changes to estrogen receptor β promoter in HSCs, while resveratrol cannot. Further investigation showed that bone marrow transplantation of PTE-treated diabetic HSCs restores diabetes-induced suppression of estrogen receptor β and its target genes, including nuclear respiratory factor-1 and superoxide dismutase 2, and protects against diabetes-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in both PBMCs and macrophages, subsequently accelerating cutaneous wound healing. Conclusions HSC may play an important role in wound healing through transferring epigenetic modifications to subsequent PBMCs and macrophages by differentiation, while PTE accelerates diabetic wound healing by modulating diabetes-induced epigenetic changes in HSCs. Thus, PTE may be a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xie
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xueqing Zhou
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Weigang Hu
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhigang Chu
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qiongfang Ruan
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haimou Zhang
- State Key Lab of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Paul Yao
- Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gonzalez-Lugo JD, Chakraborty S, Verma A, Shastri A. The evolution of epigenetic therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Semin Hematol 2020; 58:56-65. [PMID: 33509444 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the group of epigenetic modifiers are the largest group of mutated genes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and are very frequently found in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Our advancements in the understanding of epigenetics in these diseases have helped develop groundbreaking therapeutics that have changed the treatment landscape of MDS and AML, significantly improving outcomes. In this review we describe the most common epigenetic aberrations in MDS and AML, and current treatments that target mutations in epigenetic modifiers, as well as novel treatment combinations, from standard therapies to investigational treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D Gonzalez-Lugo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Samarpana Chakraborty
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Amit Verma
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aditi Shastri
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodrigues CP, Shvedunova M, Akhtar A. Epigenetic Regulators as the Gatekeepers of Hematopoiesis. Trends Genet 2020; 37:S0168-9525(20)30251-1. [PMID: 34756331 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is the process by which both fetal and adult organisms derive the full repertoire of blood cells from a single multipotent progenitor cell type, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Correct enactment of this process relies on a synergistic interplay between genetically encoded differentiation programs and a host of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors. These include the influence of the HSC niche microenvironment, action of specific transcription factors, and alterations in intracellular metabolic state. The consolidation of these inputs with the genetically encoded program into a coherent differentiation program for each lineage is thought to rely on epigenetic modifiers. Recent work has delineated the precise contributions of different classes of epigenetic modifiers to HSC self-renewal as well as lineage specification and differentiation into various cell types. Here, we bring together what is currently known about chromatin status and the development of cells in the hematopoietic system under normal and abnormal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pessoa Rodrigues
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Shvedunova
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Numata A, Kwok HS, Zhou QL, Li J, Tirado-Magallanes R, Angarica VE, Hannah R, Park J, Wang CQ, Krishnan V, Rajagopalan D, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Welner RS, Osato M, Jha S, Bohlander SK, Göttgens B, Yang H, Benoukraf T, Lough JW, Bararia D, Tenen DG. Lysine acetyltransferase Tip60 is required for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. Blood 2020; 136:1735-1747. [PMID: 32542325 PMCID: PMC7544546 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the potential to replenish the blood system for the lifetime of the organism. Their 2 defining properties, self-renewal and differentiation, are tightly regulated by the epigenetic machineries. Using conditional gene-knockout models, we demonstrated a critical requirement of lysine acetyltransferase 5 (Kat5, also known as Tip60) for murine HSC maintenance in both the embryonic and adult stages, which depends on its acetyltransferase activity. Genome-wide chromatin and transcriptome profiling in murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed that Tip60 colocalizes with c-Myc and that Tip60 deletion suppress the expression of Myc target genes, which are associated with critical biological processes for HSC maintenance, cell cycling, and DNA repair. Notably, acetylated H2A.Z (acH2A.Z) was enriched at the Tip60-bound active chromatin, and Tip60 deletion induced a robust reduction in the acH2A.Z/H2A.Z ratio. These results uncover a critical epigenetic regulatory layer for HSC maintenance, at least in part through Tip60-dependent H2A.Z acetylation to activate Myc target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Numata
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hui Si Kwok
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi-Ling Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Rebecca Hannah
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, and
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vaidehi Krishnan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepa Rajagopalan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siqin Zhou
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert S Welner
- Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, and
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Touati Benoukraf
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
| | - John W Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Deepak Bararia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang Z, Jiang H. A chromatin perspective on metabolic and genotoxic impacts on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4031-4047. [PMID: 32318759 PMCID: PMC7541408 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fate determination in self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs and HPCs) is ultimately controlled by gene expression, which is profoundly influenced by the global and local chromatin state. Cellular metabolism directly influences the chromatin state through the dynamic regulation of the enzymatic activities that modify DNA and histones, but also generates genotoxic metabolites that can damage DNA and thus pose threat to the genome integrity. On the other hand, mechanisms modulating the chromatin state impact metabolism by regulating the expression and activities of key metabolic enzymes. Moreover, through regulating either DNA damage response directly or expression of genes involved in this process, chromatin modulators play active and crucial roles in guarding the genome integrity, breaching of which results in defective HSPC function. Therefore, HSPC function is regulated by the dynamic and two-way interactions between metabolism and chromatin. Here, we review recent advances that provide a chromatin perspective on the major impacts the metabolic and genotoxic factors can have on HSPC function and fate determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Minervini CF, Cumbo C, Orsini P, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Specchia G, Albano F. Nanopore Sequencing in Blood Diseases: A Wide Range of Opportunities. Front Genet 2020; 11:76. [PMID: 32140171 PMCID: PMC7043087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathogenesis of hematological diseases is often driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. Next-generation sequencing has considerably increased our genomic knowledge of these disorders becoming ever more widespread in clinical practice. In 2012 Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) released the MinION, the first long-read nanopore-based sequencer, overcoming the main limits of short-reads sequences generation. In the last years, several nanopore sequencing approaches have been performed in various "-omic" sciences; this review focuses on the challenge to introduce ONT devices in the hematological field, showing advantages, disadvantages and future perspectives of this technology in the precision medicine era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology Section, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bild A, Teo JL, Kahn M. Enhanced Kat3A/Catenin transcription: a common mechanism of therapeutic resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:917-932. [PMID: 32426696 PMCID: PMC7234864 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous at the cellular level. Cancer stem cells/tumor initiating cells (CSC/TIC) both initiate tumorigenesis and are responsible for therapeutic resistance and disease relapse. Elimination of CSC/TIC should therefore be able to reverse therapy resistance. In principle, this could be accomplished by either targeting cancer stem cell surface markers or "stemness" pathways. Although the successful therapeutic elimination of "cancer stemness" is a critical goal, it is complex in that it should be achieved without depletion of or increases in somatic mutations in normal tissue stem cell populations. In this perspective, we will discuss the prospects for this goal via pharmacologically targeting differential Kat3 coactivator/Catenin usage, a fundamental transcriptional control mechanism in stem cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aberrant DNA Methylation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Its Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184576. [PMID: 31527484 PMCID: PMC6770227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that is characterized by distinct cytogenetic or genetic abnormalities. Recent discoveries in cancer epigenetics demonstrated a critical role of epigenetic dysregulation in AML pathogenesis. Unlike genetic alterations, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications is therapeutically attractive in cancer therapy. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression and plays a pivotal role in mammalian development including hematopoiesis. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and Ten-eleven-translocation (TET) dioxygenases are responsible for the dynamics of DNA methylation. Genetic alterations of DNMTs or TETs disrupt normal hematopoiesis and subsequently result in hematological malignancies. Emerging evidence reveals that the dysregulation of DNA methylation is a key event for AML initiation and progression. Importantly, aberrant DNA methylation is regarded as a hallmark of AML, which is heralded as a powerful epigenetic marker in early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and therapeutic decision-making. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of DNA methylation in normal hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis. We also discuss the clinical implications of DNA methylation and the current therapeutic strategies of targeting DNA methylation in AML therapy.
Collapse
|
25
|
Haas S, Trumpp A, Milsom MD. Causes and Consequences of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Heterogeneity. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:627-638. [PMID: 29727678 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood and immune cells derive from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Classically, stem and progenitor populations have been considered discrete homogeneous populations. However, recent technological advances have revealed significant HSC heterogeneity, with evidence for early HSC lineage segregation and the presence of lineage-biased HSCs and lineage-restricted progenitors within the HSC compartment. These and other findings challenge many aspects of the classical view of HSC biology. We review the most recent findings regarding the causes and consequences of HSC heterogeneity, discuss their far-reaching implications, and suggest that so-called continuum-based models may help consolidate apparently divergent experimental observations in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Phc2 controls hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization from bone marrow by repressing Vcam1 expression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3496. [PMID: 31375680 PMCID: PMC6677815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The timely mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is essential for maintaining hematopoietic and tissue leukocyte homeostasis. Understanding how HSPCs migrate between bone marrow (BM) and peripheral tissues is of great significance in the clinical setting, where therapeutic strategies for modulating their migration capacity determine the clinical outcome. Here, we identify an epigenetic regulator, Phc2, as a critical modulator of HSPC trafficking. The genetic ablation of Phc2 in mice causes a severe defect in HSPC mobilization through the derepression of Vcam1 in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), ultimately leading to a systemic immunodeficiency. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of VCAM-1 in Phc2-deficient mice reverses the symptoms. We further determine that Phc2-dependent Vcam1 repression in BMSCs is mediated by the epigenetic regulation of H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub. Together, our data demonstrate a cell-extrinsic role for Phc2 in controlling the mobilization of HSPCs by finely tuning their bone marrow niche. Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into the circulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Here, the authors show that Phc2 in bone marrow stromal cells represses the cell adhesion molecule Vcam1 and facilitates mobilization of HSPCs through regulation of epigenetic marks.
Collapse
|
27
|
Martínez-Cano J, Campos-Sánchez E, Cobaleda C. Epigenetic Priming in Immunodeficiencies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:125. [PMID: 31355198 PMCID: PMC6635466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunodeficiencies (IDs) are disorders of the immune system that increase susceptibility to infections and cancer, and are therefore associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. IDs can be primary (not caused by other condition or exposure) or secondary due to the exposure to different agents (infections, chemicals, aging, etc.). Most primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are of genetic origin, caused by mutations affecting genes with key roles in the development or function of the cells of the immune system. A large percentage of PIDs are associated with a defective development and/or function of lymphocytes and, especially, B cells, the ones in charge of generating the different types of antibodies. B-cell development is a tightly regulated process in which many different factors participate. Among the regulators of B-cell differentiation, a correct epigenetic control of cellular identity is essential for normal cell function. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, more and more alterations in different types of epigenetic regulators are being described at the root of PIDs, both in humans and in animal models. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic alterations triggered by the exposure to environmental agents have a key role in the development of secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs). Due to their largely reversible nature, epigenetic modifications are quickly becoming key therapeutic targets in other diseases where their contribution has been known for more time, like cancer. Here, we establish a parallelism between IDs and the nowadays accepted role of epigenetics in cancer initiation and progression, and propose that epigenetics forms a "third axis" (together with genetics and external agents) to be considered in the etiology of IDs, and linking PIDs and SIDs at the molecular level. We therefore postulate that IDs arise due to a variable contribution of (i) genetic, (ii) environmental, and (iii) epigenetic causes, which in fact form a continuum landscape of all possible combinations of these factors. Additionally, this implies the possibility of a fully epigenetically triggered mechanism for some IDs. This concept would have important prophylactic and translational implications, and would also imply a more blurred frontier between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Martínez-Cano
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas -Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feng Y, Xie XY, Yang YQ, Sun YT, Ma WH, Zhou PJ, Li ZY, Liu HQ, Wang YF, Huang YS. Synthesis and evaluation of pyrimidoindole analogs in umbilical cord blood ex vivo expansion. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:181-197. [PMID: 31035239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) significantly hindered their clinical potentials. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has become the leading source of HSCs for both research and clinical applications. But the low content of HSCs in a single UCB unit limited its use only to pediatric patients. Various cytokines and small molecules have demonstrated strong abilities in promoting HSC ex vivo expansion, of which UM171 is the newest and by far the most potent HSC ex vivo expansion agent. In this study, we synthesized 37 pyrimidoindole analogs and identified 6 compounds to be potent in promoting HSC ex vivo expansion. In particular, analog 11 was found to be the most effective in stimulating ex vivo expansion of UCB CD34+ cells and CD34+CD38- cells. Initial data indicated that compound 11 promoted the absolute number of long term HSCs and inhibited their differentiation. UCB HSCs expanded with 11 retained adequate multi-lineage differentiation capacity. In addition, compound 11 is not cytotoxic at its test concentrations, suggesting that it merits further investigation for potential clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yi-Qiu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhaoqing Medical College, 6 Xijiang South Rd, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526020, China
| | - Yu-Tong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Wen-Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Peng-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Yao Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Yun-Sheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, 1 Xincheng Ave, Songshan Lake Technology Park, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fuchs A, Monlish DA, Ghosh S, Chang SW, Bochicchio GV, Schuettpelz LG, Turnbull IR. Trauma Induces Emergency Hematopoiesis through IL-1/MyD88-Dependent Production of G-CSF. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3020-3032. [PMID: 30988118 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response to infection or injury dramatically increases the hematopoietic demand on the bone marrow to replace effector leukocytes consumed in the inflammatory response. In the setting of infection, pathogen-associated molecular patterns induce emergency hematopoiesis, activating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to proliferate and produce progeny for accelerated myelopoiesis. Sterile tissue injury due to trauma also increases leukocyte demand; however, the effect of sterile tissue injury on hematopoiesis is not well described. We find that tissue injury alone induces emergency hematopoiesis in mice subjected to polytrauma. This process is driven by IL-1/MyD88-dependent production of G-CSF. G-CSF induces the expansion of hematopoietic progenitors, including hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors, and increases the frequency of myeloid-skewed progenitors. To our knowledge, these data provide the first comprehensive description of injury-induced emergency hematopoiesis and identify an IL-1/MyD88/G-CSF-dependent pathway as the key regulator of emergency hematopoiesis after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Fuchs
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Darlene A Monlish
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sarbani Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Shin-Wen Chang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Grant V Bochicchio
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| | - Laura G Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Isaiah R Turnbull
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110; and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hua P, Kronsteiner B, van der Garde M, Ashley N, Hernandez D, Tarunina M, Hook L, Choo Y, Roberts I, Mead A, Watt SM. Single-cell assessment of transcriptome alterations induced by Scriptaid in early differentiated human haematopoietic progenitors during ex vivo expansion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5300. [PMID: 30923342 PMCID: PMC6438964 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro with specific chromatin modifying agents and cytokines under serum-free-conditions significantly enhances engraftable HSC numbers. We extend these studies by culturing human CD133+ HSPCs on nanofibre scaffolds to mimic the niche for 5-days with the HDAC inhibitor Scriptaid and cytokines. Scriptaid increases absolute Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90+CD49f+ HSPC numbers, while concomitantly decreasing the Lin−CD38−CD34+CD45RA−CD90− subset. Hypothesising that Scriptaid plus cytokines expands the CD90+ subset without differentiation and upregulates CD90 on CD90− cells, we sorted, then cultured Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD90− cells with Scriptaid and cytokines. Within 2-days and for at least 5-days, most CD90− cells became CD90+. There was no significant difference in the transcriptomic profile, by RNAsequencing, between cytokine-expanded and purified Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD49f+CD90+ cells in the presence or absence of Scriptaid, suggesting that Scriptaid maintains stem cell gene expression programs despite expansion in HSC numbers. Supporting this, 50 genes were significantly differentially expressed between CD90+ and CD90− Lin−CD34+CD38−CD45RA−CD49f+ subsets in Scriptaid-cytokine- and cytokine only-expansion conditions. Thus, Scriptaid treatment of CD133+ cells may be a useful approach to expanding the absolute number of CD90+ HSC, without losing their stem cell characteristics, both through direct effects on HSC and potentially also conversion of their immediate CD90− progeny into CD90+ HSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hua
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Barbara Kronsteiner
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Mark van der Garde
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Diana Hernandez
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Marina Tarunina
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Lilian Hook
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Yen Choo
- Plasticell Ltd, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Children's Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,Haematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Mead
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.,Haematology Theme, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzanne M Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Goldman SL, Hassan C, Khunte M, Soldatenko A, Jong Y, Afshinnekoo E, Mason CE. Epigenetic Modifications in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Prognosis, Treatment, and Heterogeneity. Front Genet 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30881380 PMCID: PMC6405641 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia, specifically acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is a common malignancy that can be differentiated into multiple subtypes based on leukemogenic history and etiology. Although genetic aberrations, particularly cytogenetic abnormalities and mutations in known oncogenes, play an integral role in AML development, epigenetic processes have been shown as a significant and sometimes independent dynamic in AML pathophysiology. Here, we summarize how tumors evolve and describe AML through an epigenetic lens, including discussions on recent discoveries that include prognostics from epialleles, changes in RNA function for hematopoietic stem cells and the epitranscriptome, and novel epigenetic treatment options. We further describe the limitations of treatment in the context of the high degree of heterogeneity that characterizes acute myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Goldman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ciaran Hassan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Yale College, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Yale College, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Arielle Soldatenko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Yale College, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yunji Jong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Yale College, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ebrahim Afshinnekoo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Loubiere V, Martinez AM, Cavalli G. Cell Fate and Developmental Regulation Dynamics by Polycomb Proteins and 3D Genome Architecture. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800222. [PMID: 30793782 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted transitions in chromatin states at thousands of genes are essential drivers of eukaryotic development. Therefore, understanding the in vivo dynamics of epigenetic regulators is crucial for deciphering the mechanisms underpinning cell fate decisions. This review illustrates how, in addition to its cell memory function, the Polycomb group of transcriptional regulators orchestrates temporal, cell and tissue-specific expression of master genes during development. These highly sophisticated developmental transitions are dependent on the context- and tissue-specific assembly of the different types of Polycomb Group (PcG) complexes, which regulates their targeting and/or activities on chromatin. Here, an overview is provided of how PcG complexes function at multiple scales to regulate transcription, local chromatin environment, and higher order structures that support normal differentiation and are perturbed in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Loubiere
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Martinez
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, France
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002, CNRS and University of Montpellier, 34396, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Campos-Sanchez E, Martínez-Cano J, Del Pino Molina L, López-Granados E, Cobaleda C. Epigenetic Deregulation in Human Primary Immunodeficiencies. Trends Immunol 2018; 40:49-65. [PMID: 30509895 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are immune disorders resulting from defects in genes involved in immune regulation, and manifesting as an increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the molecular basis of some prevalent entities remains poorly understood. Epigenetic control is essential for immune functions, and epigenetic alterations have been identified in different PIDs, including syndromes such as immunodeficiency-centromeric-instability-facial-anomalies, Kabuki, or Wolf-Hirschhorn, among others. Although the epigenetic changes may differ among these PIDs, the reversibility of epigenetic modifications suggests that they might become potential therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent mechanistic advances in our understanding of epigenetic alterations associated with certain PIDs, propose that a fully epigenetically driven mechanism might underlie some PIDs, and discuss the possible prophylactic and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campos-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jorge Martínez-Cano
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lucía Del Pino Molina
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, 28046, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Granados
- Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, 28046, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, 28046 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cesar Cobaleda
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Karabulutoglu M, Finnon R, Imaoka T, Friedl AA, Badie C. Influence of diet and metabolism on hematopoietic stem cells and leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:452-479. [PMID: 29932783 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The review aims to discuss the prominence of dietary and metabolic regulators in maintaining hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, long-term self-renewal, and differentiation. RESULTS Most adult stem cells are preserved in a quiescent, nonmotile state in vivo which acts as a "protective state" for stem cells to reduce endogenous stress provoked by DNA replication and cellular respiration as well as exogenous environmental stress. The dynamic balance between quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation is critical for supporting a functional blood system throughout life of an organism. Stress-conditions, for example ionizing radiation exposure can trigger the blood forming HSCs to proliferate and migrate through extramedullary tissues to expand the number of HSCs and increase hematopoiesis. In addition, a wealth of investigation validated that deregulation of this balance plays a critical pathogenic role in various different hematopoietic diseases including the leukemia development. CONCLUSION The review summarizes the current knowledge on how alterations in dietary and metabolic factors could alter the risk of leukemia development following ionizing radiation exposure by inhibiting or even reversing the leukemic progression. Understanding the influence of diet, metabolism, and epigenetics on radiation-induced leukemogenesis may lead to the development of practical interventions to reduce the risk in exposed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melis Karabulutoglu
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK.,b CRUK & MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Rosemary Finnon
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- c Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Chiba , Japan
| | - Anna A Friedl
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , University Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christophe Badie
- a Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Didcot , UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disturbance of the delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation in haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can lead to both leukaemia and bone marrow failure. The regulation of this balance in HSC biology has been intensely investigated in several model systems, and lately the importance of epigenetic modifications as well as the organization and architecture of chromatin has become increasingly recognized. In this review, we will focus on the role of the chromatin organizing protein complex cohesin in regulation of normal and malignant haematopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS Several functional studies in both mouse and human systems have implicated cohesin as a critical regulator of self-renewal and differentiation in HSCs. Together with the discovery of recurrent mutations of cohesin genes in myeloid malignancies, this points towards a direct role of perturbed cohesin function in leukemogenesis. SUMMARY The work reviewed here provides new insights about the role of the cohesin complex and chromatin architecture in normal and malignant HSCs, and indicates how cohesin may be specifically targeted for therapeutic benefit in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Galeev
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huo Y, Li BY, Lin ZF, Wang W, Jiang XX, Chen X, Xi WJ, Yang AG, Chen SY, Wang T. MYSM1 Is Essential for Maintaining Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) Quiescence and Survival. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2541-2549. [PMID: 29694335 PMCID: PMC5939948 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1 has recently been shown to be essential for hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function in both mice and humans. However, conventional MYSM1 knockouts cause partial embryonic lethality and growth retardation, and it is difficult to convincingly remove the effects of environmental factors on HSC differentiation and function. Material/Methods MYSM1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice were efficiently induced by using the Vav1-cre transgenic system. The Vav-Cre MYSM1 cKO mice were then analyzed to verify the intrinsic role of MYSM1 in hematopoietic cells. Results MYSM1 cKO mice were viable and were born at normal litter sizes. At steady state, we observed a defect in hematopoiesis, including reduced bone marrow cellularity and abnormal HSC function. MYSM1 deletion drives HSCs from quiescence into rapid cycling, and MYSM1-deficient HSCs display impaired engraftment. In particular, the immature cycling cKO HSCs have elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and are prone to apoptosis, resulting in the exhaustion of the stem cell pool during stress response to 5-FU. Conclusions Our study using MYSM1 cKO mice confirms the important role of MYSM1 in maintaining HSC quiescence and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bing-Yi Li
- Undergraduate Student at Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Feng Lin
- Undergraduate Student at Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Xia Jiang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Jin Xi
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - An-Gang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland).,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Czaja AJ. Epigenetic changes and their implications in autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29383703 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic risk of autoimmune hepatitis is insufficient to explain the observed risk, and epigenetic changes may explain disparities in disease occurrence in different populations within and between countries. The goal of this review was to examine how epigenetic changes induced by the environment or inherited as a phenotypic trait may affect autoimmune hepatitis and be amenable to therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pertinent abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. The number of abstracts reviewed was 1689, and the number of full-length articles reviewed exceeded 150. RESULTS Activation of pro-inflammatory genes in autoimmune disease is associated with hypomethylation of deoxyribonucleic acid and modification of histones within chromatin. Organ-specific microribonucleic acids can silence genes by marking messenger ribonucleic acids for degradation, and they can promote inflammatory activity or immunosuppression. High circulating levels of the microribonucleic acids 21 and 122 have been demonstrated in autoimmune hepatitis, and they may increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microribonucleic acids are also essential for maintaining regulatory T cells. Drugs, pollutants, infections, diet and ageing can induce inheritable epigenetic changes favouring autoimmunity. Reversal is feasible by manipulating enzymes, transcription factors, gene-silencing molecules and toxic exposures or by administering methyl donors and correcting vitamin D deficiency. Gene targets, site specificity, efficacy and consequences are uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Potentially reversible epigenetic changes may affect the occurrence and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis, and investigations are warranted to determine the nature of these changes, key genomic targets, and feasible interventions and their consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Setd2 deficiency impairs hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and causes malignant transformation. Cell Res 2018. [PMID: 29531312 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase SETD2 is frequently mutated in various cancers, including leukemia. However, there has not been any functional model to show the contribution of SETD2 in hematopoiesis or the causal role of SETD2 mutation in tumorigenesis. In this study, using a conditional Setd2 knockout mouse model, we show that Setd2 deficiency skews hematopoietic differentiation and reduces the number of multipotent progenitors; although the number of phenotypic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in Setd2-deleted mice is unchanged, functional assays, including serial BM transplantation, reveal that the self-renewal and competitiveness of HSCs are impaired. Intriguingly, Setd2-deleted HSCs, through a latency period, can acquire abilities to overcome the growth disadvantage and eventually give rise to hematopoietic malignancy characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome. Gene expression profile of Setd2-deleted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) partially resembles that of Dnmt3a/Tet2 double knockout HSPCs, showing activation of the erythroid transcription factor Klf1-related pathway, which plays an important role in hematopoietic malignant transformation. Setd2 deficiency also induces DNA replication stress in HSCs, as reflected by an activated E2F gene regulatory network and repressed expression of the ribonucleotide reductase subunit Rrm2b, which results in proliferation and cell cycle abnormalities and genomic instability, allowing accumulation of secondary mutation(s) that synergistically contributes to tumorigenesis. Thus, our results demonstrate that Setd2 is required for HSC self-renewal, and provide evidence supporting the causal role of Setd2 deficiency in tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanism shall advance our understanding of epigenetic regulation of cancer and provide potential new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kasper DM, Nicoli S. Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Factors Make a Mark on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
41
|
Wang Y, Tian H, Cai W, Lian Z, Bhavanasi D, Wu C, Sato T, Kurokawa M, Wu D, Fu L, Wang H, Shen H, Liang D, Huang J. Tracking hematopoietic precursor division ex vivo in real time. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29361987 PMCID: PMC5781326 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying the division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and malignant precursors would improve our understanding of the basis of stem cell-fate decisions and oncogenic transformation. METHODS Using a novel reporter of hematopoietic precursor, Evi1-GFP, we tracked the division of hematopoietic precursors in culture in real time. RESULTS First, we confirmed that Evi1-GFP is a faithful reporter of HSC activity and identified three dividing patterns of HSCs: symmetric renewal, symmetric differentiation, and asymmetric division. Moreover, we found that the cytokine and growth factor combination (STIF) promotes symmetric renewal, whereas OP9 stromal cells balance symmetric renewal and differentiation of HSCs ex vivo. Interestingly, we found that Tet2 knockout HSCs underwent more symmetric differentiation in culture compared with the wild-type control. Intriguingly, OP9 stromal cells reverse the phenotype of Tet2 knockout HSCs ex vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tet2 -/- ;Flt3ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML) precursors primarily underwent symmetric renewal divisions in culture. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that inhibiting DNA methylation can reverse the aberrant division phenotypes of Tet2 -/- and Tet2 -/- ;FLT3ITD precursors, suggesting that abnormal DNA methylation plays an important role in controlling (pre-)leukemic precursor fate decision ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study exploited a new system to explore the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of benign and malignant hematopoietic precursor division ex vivo. The knowledge learned from these studies will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of HSC fate decision and leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhi Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Dheeraj Bhavanasi
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yan J, Tie G, Wang S, Tutto A, DeMarco N, Khair L, Fazzio TG, Messina LM. Diabetes impairs wound healing by Dnmt1-dependent dysregulation of hematopoietic stem cells differentiation towards macrophages. Nat Commun 2018; 9:33. [PMID: 29295997 PMCID: PMC5750226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a 25-fold higher risk of limb loss than non-diabetics due in large part to impaired wound healing. Here, we show that the impaired wound healing phenotype found in T2D mice is recapitulated in lethally irradiated wild type recipients, whose hematopoiesis is reconstituted with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from T2D mice, indicating an HSC-autonomous mechanism. This impaired wound healing phenotype of T2D mice is due to a Nox-2-dependent increase in HSC oxidant stress that decreases microRNA let-7d-3p, which, in turn, directly upregulates Dnmt1, leading to the hypermethylation of Notch1, PU.1, and Klf4. This HSC-autonomous mechanism reduces the number of wound macrophages and skews their polarization towards M1 macrophages. These findings reveal a novel inflammatory mechanism by which a metabolic disorder induces an epigenetic mechanism in HSCs, which predetermines the gene expression of terminally differentiated inflammatory cells that controls their number and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglian Yan
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Guodong Tie
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Shouying Wang
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Amanda Tutto
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Natale DeMarco
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Lyne Khair
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Thomas G Fazzio
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Louis M Messina
- Diabetes Center of Excellence and Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rossmann MP, Orkin SH, Chute JP. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
44
|
TNF signalling drives expansion of bone marrow CD4+ T cells responsible for HSC exhaustion in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006465. [PMID: 28671989 PMCID: PMC5510901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is associated with significant changes in hematological function but the mechanisms underlying these changes are largely unknown. In contrast to naïve mice, where most long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs; LSK CD150+ CD34- CD48- cells) in bone marrow (BM) are quiescent, we found that during Leishmania donovani infection most LT-HSCs had entered cell cycle. Loss of quiescence correlated with a reduced self-renewal capacity and functional exhaustion, as measured by serial transfer. Quiescent LT-HSCs were maintained in infected RAG2 KO mice, but lost following adoptive transfer of IFNγ-sufficient but not IFNγ-deficient CD4+ T cells. Using mixed BM chimeras, we established that IFNγ and TNF signalling pathways converge at the level of CD4+ T cells. Critically, intrinsic TNF signalling is required for the expansion and/or differentiation of pathogenic IFNγ+CD4+ T cells that promote the irreversible loss of BM function. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic potential of CD4+ T cells that target hematopoietic function in leishmaniasis and perhaps other infectious diseases where TNF expression and BM dysfunction also occur simultaneously. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic often fatal disease caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum. Progressive disease in humans and in animal models is associated with parasite replication at systemic sites, including the bone marrow (BM) and results in significant changes in hematological profile. The mechanisms underlying hematologic dysregulation during infection are largely unknown. Using a panel of stem cell markers, we characterized murine haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the BM over the course of L. donovani-infection in C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Most long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) in naïve mice are found in a quiescent state, representing cells with the highest degree of reconstitution potential. In contrast, during L. donovani infection, most LT-HSCs had entered cell-cycle and this correlated with a reduced potential to engraft into syngeneic recipients. HSC exhaustion and other alterations in the hematopoietic compartment did not occur in infected immunodeficient mice, but adoptive transfer of IFNγ-sufficient CD4+ T cells restored this phenotype. Using mixed BM chimeras, we established that IFNγ signalling and TNF signalling pathways converge at the level of BM CD4+ T cells, with intrinsic TNF signalling being critical for the expansion / differentiation of CD4+ T cells that are responsible for HSC exhaustion. Contrary to commonly held views, in the setting of experimental visceral leishmaniasis neither IFNγ nor TNF signalling in HSCs was required for their functional exhaustion. Hence, pro-inflammatory cytokines commonly associated with host protection in leishmaniasis and many other infectious diseases can also drive the development of pathogenic CD4+ T cells that cause long term irreversible alterations in HSC function.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
In this review, Hu and Shilatifard summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of chromatin modifiers in normal hematopoiesis and their contributions in hematopoietic transformation. Hematological malignancies comprise a diverse set of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms in which normal hematopoiesis has gone awry and together account for ∼10% of all new cancer cases diagnosed in the United States in 2016. Recent intensive genomic sequencing of hematopoietic malignancies has identified recurrent mutations in genes that encode regulators of chromatin structure and function, highlighting the central role that aberrant epigenetic regulation plays in the pathogenesis of these neoplasms. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms for how alterations in epigenetic modifiers, specifically histone and DNA methylases and demethylases, drive hematopoietic cancer could provide new avenues for developing novel targeted epigenetic therapies for treating hematological malignancies. Just as past studies of blood cancers led to pioneering discoveries relevant to other cancers, determining the contribution of epigenetic modifiers in hematologic cancers could also have a broader impact on our understanding of the pathogenesis of solid tumors in which these factors are mutated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chromatin dynamics during the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells to multipotent progenitors. Blood Adv 2017; 1:887-898. [PMID: 29296732 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ATAC-seq provides genome-wide chromatin state in 3 cell types of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.Transcription factor cohorts are associated with dynamic changes of open chromatin during the differentiation of LT/ST-HSCs to MPPs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Salzberg AC, Harris-Becker A, Popova EY, Keasey N, Loughran TP, Claxton DF, Grigoryev SA. Genome-wide mapping of histone H3K9me2 in acute myeloid leukemia reveals large chromosomal domains associated with massive gene silencing and sites of genome instability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173723. [PMID: 28301528 PMCID: PMC5354391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A facultative heterochromatin mark, histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), which is mediated by histone methyltransferases G9a/GLP (EHMT2/1), undergoes dramatic rearrangements during myeloid cell differentiation as observed by chromatin imaging. To determine whether these structural transitions also involve genomic repositioning of H3K9me2, we used ChIP-sequencing to map genome-wide topography of H3K9me2 in normal human granulocytes, normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors, primary myeloblasts from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and a model leukemia cell line K562. We observe that H3K9me2 naturally repositions from the previously designated “repressed” chromatin state in hematopoietic progenitors to predominant association with heterochromatin regions in granulocytes. In contrast, AML cells accumulate H3K9me2 on previously undefined large (> 100 Kb) genomic blocks that are enriched with AML-specific single nucleotide variants, sites of chromosomal translocations, and genes downregulated in AML. Specifically, the AML-specific H3K9me2 blocks are enriched with genes regulated by the proto-oncogene ERG that promotes stem cell characteristics. The AML-enriched H3K9me2 blocks (in contrast to the heterochromatin-associated H3K9me2 blocks enriched in granulocytes) are reduced by pharmacological inhibition of the histone methyltransferase G9a/GLP in K562 cells concomitantly with transcriptional activation of ERG and ETS1 oncogenes. Our data suggest that G9a/GLP mediate formation of transient H3K9me2 blocks that are preserved in AML myeloblasts and may lead to an increased rate of AML-specific mutagenesis and chromosomal translocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Salzberg
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Penn State Institute for Personalized Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Abigail Harris-Becker
- Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, H171, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Evgenya Y. Popova
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nikki Keasey
- Penn State Cancer Institute; Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David F. Claxton
- Penn State Cancer Institute; Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAG); (DFC)
| | - Sergei A. Grigoryev
- Penn State College of Medicine, Dept. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, H171, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAG); (DFC)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ryall JG, Cliff T, Dalton S, Sartorelli V. Metabolic Reprogramming of Stem Cell Epigenetics. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 17:651-662. [PMID: 26637942 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For many years, stem cell metabolism was viewed as a byproduct of cell fate status rather than an active regulatory mechanism; however, there is now a growing appreciation that metabolic pathways influence epigenetic changes associated with lineage commitment, specification, and self-renewal. Here we review how metabolites generated during glycolytic and oxidative processes are utilized in enzymatic reactions leading to epigenetic modifications and transcriptional regulation. We discuss how "metabolic reprogramming" contributes to global epigenetic changes in the context of naive and primed pluripotent states, somatic reprogramming, and hematopoietic and skeletal muscle tissue stem cells, and we discuss the implications for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G Ryall
- Stem Cell Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine Group, Basic & Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Tim Cliff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20829, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ji H, Biagini Myers JM, Brandt EB, Brokamp C, Ryan PH, Khurana Hershey GK. Air pollution, epigenetics, and asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016; 12:51. [PMID: 27777592 PMCID: PMC5069789 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been implicated in asthma development, persistence, and exacerbation. This exposure is highly significant as large segments of the global population resides in zones that are most impacted by TRAP and schools are often located in high TRAP exposure areas. Recent findings shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms by which exposure to traffic pollution may contribute to the development and persistence of asthma. In order to delineate TRAP induced effects on the epigenome, utilization of newly available innovative methods to assess and quantify traffic pollution will be needed to accurately quantify exposure. This review will summarize the most recent findings in each of these areas. Although there is considerable evidence that TRAP plays a role in asthma, heterogeneity in both the definitions of TRAP exposure and asthma outcomes has led to confusion in the field. Novel information regarding molecular characterization of asthma phenotypes, TRAP exposure assessment methods, and epigenetics are revolutionizing the field. Application of these new findings will accelerate the field and the development of new strategies for interventions to combat TRAP-induced asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ji
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA ; Pyrosequencing lab for Genomic and Epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Cole Brokamp
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Patrick H Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
You L, Li L, Zou J, Yan K, Belle J, Nijnik A, Wang E, Yang XJ. BRPF1 is essential for development of fetal hematopoietic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3247-62. [PMID: 27500495 DOI: 10.1172/jci80711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) serve as a life-long reservoir for all blood cell types and are clinically useful for a variety of HSC transplantation-based therapies. Understanding the role of chromatin organization and regulation in HSC homeostasis may provide important insights into HSC development. Bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) is a multivalent chromatin regulator that possesses 4 nucleosome-binding domains and activates 3 lysine acetyltransferases (KAT6A, KAT6B, and KAT7), suggesting that this protein has the potential to stimulate crosstalk between different chromatin modifications. Here, we investigated the function of BRPF1 in hematopoiesis by selectively deleting its gene in murine blood cells. Brpf1-deficient pups experienced early lethality due to acute bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia. The mutant bone marrow and fetal liver exhibited severe deficiency in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors, along with elevated reactive oxygen species, senescence, and apoptosis. BRPF1 deficiency also reduced the expression of multipotency genes, including Slamf1, Mecom, Hoxa9, Hlf, Gfi1, Egr, and Gata3. Furthermore, BRPF1 was required for acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 23, a highly abundant but not well-characterized epigenetic mark. These results identify an essential role of the multivalent chromatin regulator BRPF1 in definitive hematopoiesis and illuminate a potentially new avenue for studying epigenetic networks that govern HSC ontogeny.
Collapse
|