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Pedregal-Montes A, Jennings E, Kothawala D, Jones K, Sjöstedt J, Langenheder S, Marcé R, Farré MJ. Disinfection by-product formation potential in response to variability in dissolved organic matter and nutrient inputs: Insights from a mesocosm study. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121791. [PMID: 38830291 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Changes in rainfall patterns driven by climate change affect the transport of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrients through runoff to freshwater systems. This presents challenges for drinking water providers. DOM, which is a heterogeneous mix of organic molecules, serves as a critical precursor for disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are associated with adverse health effects. Predicting DBP formation is complex due to changes in DOM concentration and composition in source waters, intensified by altered rainfall frequency and intensity. We employed a novel mesocosm approach to investigate the response of DBP precursors to variability in DOM composition and inorganic nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, export to lakes. Three distinct pulse event scenarios, mimicking extreme, intermittent, and continuous runoff were studied. Simultaneous experiments were conducted at two boreal lakes with distinct DOM composition, as reflected in their color (brown and clear lakes), and bromide content, using standardized methods. Results showed primarily site-specific changes in DBP precursors, some heavily influenced by runoff variability. Intermittent and daily pulse events in the clear-water mesocosms exhibited higher haloacetonitriles (HANs) formation potential linked to freshly produced protein-like DOM enhanced by light availability. In contrast, trihalomethanes (THMs), associated with humic-like DOM, showed no significant differences between pulse events in the brown-water mesocosms. Elevated bromide concentration in the clear mesocosms critically influenced THMs speciation and concentrations. These findings contribute to understanding how changing precipitation patterns impact the dynamics of DBP formation, thereby offering insights for monitoring the mobilization and alterations of DBP precursors within catchment areas and lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pedregal-Montes
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
| | - Eleanor Jennings
- Centre for Freshwater and Environmental Studies, Dundalk Institute of Technology, A91 K584 Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Dolly Kothawala
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin Jones
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sjöstedt
- Department of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rafael Marcé
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 17300 Blanes, Spain
| | - Maria José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
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2
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Thibodeau AJ, Barret M, Mouchet F, Nguyen VX, Pinelli E. The potential contribution of aquatic wildlife to antibiotic resistance dissemination in freshwater ecosystems: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123894. [PMID: 38599270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance (AR) is one of the major health threats of our time. The presence of antibiotics in the environment and their continuous release from sewage treatment plants, chemical manufacturing plants and animal husbandry, agriculture and aquaculture, result in constant selection pressure on microbial organisms. This presence leads to the emergence, mobilization, horizontal gene transfer and a selection of antibiotic resistance genes, resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements. Under these circumstances, aquatic wildlife is impacted in all compartments, including freshwater organisms with partially impermeable microbiota. In this narrative review, recent advancements in terms of occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in sewage treatment plant effluents source compared to freshwater have been examined, occurrence of antibiotic resistance in wildlife, as well as experiments on antibiotic exposure. Based on this current state of knowledge, we propose the hypothesis that freshwater aquatic wildlife may play a crucial role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance within the environment. Specifically, we suggest that organisms with high bacterial density tissues, which are partially isolated from the external environment, such as fishes and amphibians, could potentially be reservoirs and amplifiers of antibiotic resistance in the environment, potentially favoring the increase of the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria. Potential avenues for further research (trophic transfer, innovative exposure experiment) and action (biodiversity eco-engineering) are finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J Thibodeau
- CRBE, Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, UMR5300, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, France.
| | - Maialen Barret
- CRBE, Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, UMR5300, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, France
| | - Florence Mouchet
- CRBE, Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, UMR5300, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, France
| | - Van Xuan Nguyen
- CRBE, Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, UMR5300, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- CRBE, Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement, UMR5300, 31326 Auzeville-Tolosane, Av. de l'Agrobiopole, France
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Ullah H, Fordham DA, Goldenberg SU, Nagelkerken I. Combining mesocosms with models reveals effects of global warming and ocean acidification on a temperate marine ecosystem. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2977. [PMID: 38706047 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Ocean warming and species exploitation have already caused large-scale reorganization of biological communities across the world. Accurate projections of future biodiversity change require a comprehensive understanding of how entire communities respond to global change. We combined a time-dynamic integrated food web modeling approach (Ecosim) with previous data from community-level mesocosm experiments to determine the independent and combined effects of ocean warming, ocean acidification and fisheries exploitation on a well-managed temperate coastal ecosystem. The mesocosm parameters enabled important physiological and behavioral responses to climate stressors to be projected for trophic levels ranging from primary producers to top predators, including sharks. Through model simulations, we show that under sustainable rates of fisheries exploitation, near-future warming or ocean acidification in isolation could benefit species biomass at higher trophic levels (e.g., mammals, birds, and demersal finfish) in their current climate ranges, with the exception of small pelagic fishes. However, under warming and acidification combined, biomass increases at higher trophic levels will be lower or absent, while in the longer term reduced productivity of prey species is unlikely to support the increased biomass at the top of the food web. We also show that increases in exploitation will suppress any positive effects of human-driven climate change, causing individual species biomass to decrease at higher trophic levels. Nevertheless, total future potential biomass of some fisheries species in temperate areas might remain high, particularly under acidification, because unharvested opportunistic species will likely benefit from decreased competition and show an increase in biomass. Ecological indicators of species composition such as the Shannon diversity index decline under all climate change scenarios, suggesting a trade-off between biomass gain and functional diversity. By coupling parameters from multilevel mesocosm food web experiments with dynamic food web models, we were able to simulate the generative mechanisms that drive complex responses of temperate marine ecosystems to global change. This approach, which blends theory with experimental data, provides new prospects for forecasting climate-driven biodiversity change and its effects on ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadayet Ullah
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damien A Fordham
- The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvan U Goldenberg
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Luan G, Zhao F, Xia J, Huang Z, Feng S, Song C, Dong P, Zhou X. Analysis of long-term spatio-temporal changes of plateau urban wetland reveals the response mechanisms of climate and human activities: A case study from Dianchi Lake Basin 1993-2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169447. [PMID: 38141987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands serve many functions, including conserving water, providing habitats for animals and plants, and regulating climate change. Their unique ecological effects on the natural environment are indispensable in the whole ecosystem. Dianchi Lake Basin is located in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China, and mainly in Kunming. It is a typical plateau urban wetland area. Based on spatio-temporal hotspot mining, spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression, and adaptive multidimensional grey prediction, we conducted correlation analyses of the wetland changes in Dianchi Lake Basin from 1993 to 2020 under the influence of human activities and natural conditions. The results show that (1) the active wetland change zone in Dianchi Lake Basin is mainly located around Dianchi Lake, and (2) the wetlands in some areas on the north and south of Dianchi Lake declined in the early 21st century, but under the protection policy in recent years, the wetlands in these areas gradually recovered. Meanwhile, the wetlands in most areas around Dianchi Lake showed a significant growth trend from 2018 to 2020. The results suggest that the wetland change in Dianchi Lake Basin is mainly related to the urbanization of Kunming, and it can be divided into five regions (strong negative correlation, weak negative correlation, weak correlation, weak positive correlation, and strong positive correlation) according to the different correlation of human activity intensity, among which the main factors affected by nature are different, but they are all related to temperature. This study shows that, although wetlands in plateau cities can be properly restored under proper protection, wetland protection should be kept in step with the development of plateau cities to support sustainable urban development and carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guize Luan
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming, 650111, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jisheng Xia
- School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Technology Innovation Center for Natural Ecosystem Carbon Sink, Ministry of Natural Resources, Kunming, 650111, China.
| | - Ziyu Huang
- School of Statistics, Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - Siwen Feng
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Ci Song
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Pinliang Dong
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton 76201, USA.
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- Department of Geography, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, USA.
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5
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Gu S, Zhang P, Luo S, Chen K, Jiang C, Xiong J, Miao W. Microbial Community Colonization Process Unveiled through eDNA-PFU Technology in Mesocosm Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2498. [PMID: 37894156 PMCID: PMC10609261 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are essential components of aquatic ecosystems and are widely employed for the detection, protection, and restoration of water ecosystems. The polyurethane foam unit (PFU) method, an effective and widely used environmental monitoring technique, has been improved with the eDNA-PFU method, offering efficiency, rapidity, and standardization advantages. This research aimed to explore the colonization process of microbial communities within PFUs using eDNA-PFU technology. To achieve this, we conducted ten-day monitoring and sequencing of microbial communities within PFUs in a stable and controlled artificial aquatic ecosystem, comparing them with water environmental samples (eDNA samples). Results showed 1065 genera in eDNA-PFU and 1059 in eDNA, with eDNA-PFU detecting 99.95% of eDNA-identified species. Additionally, the diversity indices of bacteria and eukaryotes in both methods showed similar trends over time in the colonization process; however, relative abundance differed. We further analyzed the colonization dynamics of microbes in eDNA-PFU and identified four clusters with varying colonization speeds. Notably, we found differences in colonization rates between bacteria and eukaryotes. Furthermore, the Molecular Ecological Networks (MEN) showed that the network in eDNA-PFU was more modular, forming a unique microbial community differentiated from the aquatic environment. In conclusion, this study, using eDNA-PFU, comprehensively explored microbial colonization and interrelationships in a controlled mesocosm system, providing foundational data and reference standards for its application in aquatic ecosystem monitoring and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Chuanqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.G.); (P.Z.); (S.L.); (K.C.); (C.J.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming 650223, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Wuhan 430072, China
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Mazière C, Duran R, Dupuy C, Cravo-Laureau C. Microbial mats as model to decipher climate change effect on microbial communities through a mesocosm study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1039658. [PMID: 37396368 PMCID: PMC10308941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1039658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine environments are expected to be one of the most affected ecosystems by climate change, notably with increasing ocean temperature and ocean acidification. In marine environments, microbial communities provide important ecosystem services ensuring biogeochemical cycles. They are threatened by the modification of environmental parameters induced by climate change that, in turn, affect their activities. Microbial mats, ensuring important ecosystem services in coastal areas, are well-organized communities of diverse microorganisms representing accurate microbial models. It is hypothesized that their microbial diversity and metabolic versatility will reveal various adaptation strategies in response to climate change. Thus, understanding how climate change affects microbial mats will provide valuable information on microbial behaviour and functioning in changed environment. Experimental ecology, based on mesocosm approaches, provides the opportunity to control physical-chemical parameters, as close as possible to those observed in the environment. The exposure of microbial mats to physical-chemical conditions mimicking the climate change predictions will help to decipher the modification of the microbial community structure and function in response to it. Here, we present how to expose microbial mats, following a mesocosm approach, to study the impact of climate change on microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Mazière
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525—Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, Pau, France
- La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés)—2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, La Rochelle, France
| | - R. Duran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525—Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, Pau, France
| | - C. Dupuy
- La Rochelle Université, CNRS, UMR 7266 LIENSs (Littoral Environnement et Sociétés)—2, rue Olympe de Gouges, Bât. ILE, La Rochelle, France
| | - C. Cravo-Laureau
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR 525—Bât. IBEAS, BP1155, Pau, France
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Vad CF, Hanny-Endrédi A, Kratina P, Abonyi A, Mironova E, Murray DS, Samchyshyna L, Tsakalakis I, Smeti E, Spatharis S, Tan H, Preiler C, Petrusek A, Bengtsson MM, Ptacnik R. Spatial insurance against a heatwave differs between trophic levels in experimental aquatic communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3054-3071. [PMID: 36946870 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-related heatwaves are major threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, our current understanding of the mechanisms governing community resistance to and recovery from extreme temperature events is still rudimentary. The spatial insurance hypothesis postulates that diverse regional species pools can buffer ecosystem functioning against local disturbances through the immigration of better-adapted taxa. Yet, experimental evidence for such predictions from multi-trophic communities and pulse-type disturbances, like heatwaves, is largely missing. We performed an experimental mesocosm study to test whether species dispersal from natural lakes prior to a simulated heatwave could increase the resistance and recovery of plankton communities. As the buffering effect of dispersal may differ among trophic groups, we independently manipulated the dispersal of organisms from lower (phytoplankton) and higher (zooplankton) trophic levels. The experimental heatwave suppressed total community biomass by having a strong negative effect on zooplankton biomass, probably due to a heat-induced increase in metabolic costs, resulting in weaker top-down control on phytoplankton. While zooplankton dispersal did not alleviate the negative heatwave effects on zooplankton biomass, phytoplankton dispersal enhanced biomass recovery at the level of primary producers, providing partial evidence for spatial insurance. The differential responses to dispersal may be linked to the much larger regional species pool of phytoplankton than of zooplankton. Our results suggest high recovery capacity of community biomass independent of dispersal. However, community composition and trophic structure remained altered due to the heatwave, implying longer-lasting changes in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba F Vad
- WasserCluster Lunz-Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- National Multidisciplinary Laboratory for Climate Change, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Hanny-Endrédi
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - András Abonyi
- WasserCluster Lunz-Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ekaterina Mironova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - David S Murray
- Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas (CCSUS), School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK
- The Centre for Environmental, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Suffolk, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Larysa Samchyshyna
- Institute of Fisheries, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Fisheries and Marine Ecology, Berdiansk, Ukraine
| | - Ioannis Tsakalakis
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Evangelia Smeti
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavissos, Greece
| | - Sofie Spatharis
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hanrong Tan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Adam Petrusek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mia M Bengtsson
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Ptacnik
- WasserCluster Lunz-Biologische Station, Lunz am See, Austria
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Lourenço J, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Carvalho F, Cássio F, Pascoal C, Pace G. Non-interactive effects drive multiple stressor impacts on the taxonomic and functional diversity of atlantic stream macroinvertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115965. [PMID: 37105281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Freshwaters are considered among the most endangered ecosystems globally due to multiple stressors, which coincide in time and space. These local stressors typically result from land-use intensification or hydroclimatic alterations, among others. Despite recent advances on multiple stressor effects, current knowledge is still limited to manipulative approaches minimizing biological and abiotic variability. Thus, the assessment of multiple stressor effects in real-world ecosystems is required. Using an extensive survey of 50 stream reaches across North Portugal, we evaluated taxonomic and functional macroinvertebrate responses to multiple stressors, including marked gradients of nutrient enrichment, flow reduction, riparian vegetation structure, thermal stress and dissolved oxygen depletion. We analyzed multiple stressor effects on two taxonomic (taxon richness, Shannon-diversity) and two trait-based diversity indices (functional richness, functional dispersion), as well as changes in trait composition. We found that multiple stressors had additive effects on all diversity metrics, with nutrient enrichment identified as the most important stressor in three out of four metrics, followed by dissolved oxygen depletion and thermal stress. Taxon richness, Shannon-diversity and functional richness responded similarly, whereas functional dispersion was driven by changes in flow velocity and thermal stress. Functional trait composition changed along a major stress gradient determined by nutrient enrichment and oxygen depletion, which was positively correlated with organisms possessing fast-living strategies, aerial respiration, adult phases, and gathering-collector feeding habits. Overall, our results reinforce the need to consider complementary facets of biodiversity to better identify assembly processes in response to multiple stressors. Our data suggest that stressor interactions may be less frequent in real-word streams than predicted by manipulative experiments, which can facilitate mitigation strategies. By combining an extensive field survey with an integrative consideration of multiple biodiversity facets, our study provides new insights that can help to better assess and manage rivers in a global change context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lourenço
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - C Gutiérrez-Cánovas
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Carvalho
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - F Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - C Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - G Pace
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) / Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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9
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A density functional theory for ecology across scales. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1089. [PMID: 36841818 PMCID: PMC9968302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecology lacks a holistic approach that can model phenomena across temporal and spatial scales, largely because of the challenges in modelling systems with a large number of interacting constituents. This hampers our understanding of complex ecosystems and the impact that human interventions (e.g., deforestation, wildlife harvesting and climate change) have on them. Here we use density functional theory, a computational method for many-body problems in physics, to develop a computational framework for ecosystem modelling. Our methods accurately fit experimental and synthetic data of interacting multi-species communities across spatial scales and can project to unseen data. As the key concept we establish and validate a cost function that encodes the trade-offs between the various ecosystem components. We show how this single general modelling framework delivers predictions on par with established, but specialised, approaches for systems from predatory microbes to territorial flies to tropical tree communities. Our density functional framework thus provides a promising avenue for advancing our understanding of ecological systems.
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10
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Du X, Song D, Wang H, Yang J, Liu H, Huo T. The combined effects of filter-feeding bivalves ( Cristaria plicata) and submerged macrophytes ( Hydrilla verticillate) on phytoplankton assemblages in nutrient-enriched freshwater mesocosms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1069593. [PMID: 36755697 PMCID: PMC9899906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1069593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by eutrophication, which causes persistent and harmful algal blooms. Filter-feeding bivalve mollusks and submerged macrophytes (SMs) alleviate the eutrophication effects by inhibiting phytoplankton biomass blooms. However, very little is known about whether and how the combined manipulation of filter-feeding bivalves and SMs control eutrophication and influence phytoplankton assemblages. Here, we performed a nutrient-enriched freshwater mesocosm experiment to assess the combined effects of the filter-feeding bivalve Cristaria plicata, a cockscomb pearl mussel, and the macrophyte Hydrilla verticillate on the biomass and composition of phytoplankton assemblages. We found that addition of C. plicata and H. verticillate decreased the water nutrient concentrations and suppressed overall phytoplankton biomass. Further, distinct differences in taxa between restoration and control treatments were observed and noticeably competitive exclusion of cyanobacteria in the restoration treatments occurred. An antagonistic interaction between filter-feeding bivalves and SMs was only detected for total cyanobacteria biomass demonstrating that a larger magnitude of SM restoration may override the effect of filter-feeding bivalves. Our results suggest that manipulation, through the addition of bivalves as grazers, associated with the restoration of SMs, is an efficient approach for reducing cyanobacterial blooms and alleviating eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Song
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Huibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jingshuang Yang
- Jilin Chagan Lake National Nature Reserve Administration, Songyuan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Tangbin Huo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Organism Protection and Ecological Restoration in Cold Waters, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang River Basin Fisheries Ecology Observation and Research Station of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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11
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Cun D, Dai Y, Fan Y, Li T, Song X, Wang F, Liang W. Response of the common reed (Phragmites australis) to nutrient enrichment depends on the growth stage and degree of enrichment: A mesocosm experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158098. [PMID: 35985585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced nutrient enrichment is a major stressor in aquatic ecosystems that has resulted in the alteration of ecosystem structures and functions. However, to date, relatively few studies have explored the temporal dynamics of reed biomass and morphological and biochemical traits under different nutrient levels, as well as the phenological pattern. Based on a mesocosm experiment, we monitored the aboveground and underground biomass of reed at the different plant growth stages, along with plant height, ramet and leaf number, leaf length and width, and carbohydrate and nutrient contents in different organs. We found that the significantly different ratio of aboveground to underground biomass was only observed at the late flowering stage between the slight enrichment (S-E) and heavy enrichment (H-E) groups. The start of the fast-growth phase of the aboveground part and underground part was delayed in the higher nutrient enrichment groups. The length of the fast-growth phase of the aboveground part was the same in the medium enrichment (M-E) and H-E groups and longer than that in the S-E group. For the underground part, the longest fast-growth phase was found in the S-E group (105 days), followed by the H-E and M-E groups (46 and 41 days, respectively). As the nutrient level increased, both increased and decreased values were observed for the 29 monitored morphological and biochemical traits, and the magnitude changed with the different growth stages. Moreover, different degrees of nutrient enrichment could differentially enhance or weaken the relationships among the groups between total biomass and the integrated morphological trait, between structural carbohydrate (SC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents, between total organic carbon (TOC) and TN, between total phosphorus (TP) contents, between TOC and SC contents. Our findings highlight a crucial contribution of ambient nutrient supply to temporal variation in plant biomass and phenological, morphological and biochemical traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshou Cun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanran Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yaocheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiancui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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12
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Experimental climate change impacts on Baltic coastal wetland plant communities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20362. [PMID: 36437266 PMCID: PMC9701761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal wetlands provide a range of important ecosystem services, yet they are under threat from a range of stressors including climate change. This is predominantly as a result of alterations to the hydroregime and associated edaphic factors. We used a three-year mesocosm experiment to assess changes in coastal plant community composition for three plant communities in response to altered water level and salinity scenarios. Species richness and abundance were calculated by year and abundance was plotted using rank abundance curves. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was used to examine differences among treatments in plant community composition. A Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS) was used to visualize the responses of communities to treatments by year. Results showed that all three plant communities responded differently to altered water levels and salinity. Species richness and abundance increased significantly in an Open Pioneer plant community while Lower and Upper Shore plant communities showed less change. Species abundances changed in all plant communities with shifts in species composition significantly influenced by temporal effects and treatment. The observed responses to experimentally altered conditions highlight the need for conservation of these important ecosystems in the face of predicted climate change, since these habitats are important for wading birds and livestock grazing.
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13
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Ersoy Z, Abril M, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Espinosa C, Vendrell-Puigmitja L, Proia L. Experimental assessment of salinization effects on freshwater zooplankton communities and their trophic interactions under eutrophic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120127. [PMID: 36089138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are becoming saltier due to human activities. The effects of increased salinity can lead to cascading trophic interactions, affecting ecosystem functioning and energy transfer, through changes in community and size structure. These effects can be modulated by other environmental factors, such as nutrients. For example, communities developed under eutrophic conditions could be less sensitive to salinization due to cross-tolerance mechanisms. In this study, we used a mesocosm approach to assess the effects of a salinization gradient on the zooplankton community composition and size structure under eutrophic conditions and the cascading effects on algal communities. Our results showed that zooplankton biomass, size diversity and mean body size decreased with increased chloride concentration induced by salt addition. This change in the zooplankton community did not have cascading effects on phytoplankton. The phytoplankton biomass decreased after the chloride concentration threshold of 500 mg L-1 was reached, most likely due to direct toxic effects on the osmotic regulation and nutrient uptake processes of certain algae rather than as a response to community turnover or top-down control. Our study can help to put in place mitigation strategies for salinization and eutrophication, which often co-occur in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ersoy
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Rui Nabeiro' Biodiversity Chair, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Meritxell Abril
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- FEHM-Lab (Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinosa
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Lidia Vendrell-Puigmitja
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Proia
- BETA Technological Center, University of Vic- Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
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14
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Pitombeira de Figueirêdo L, Athayde DB, Pinto TJDS, Daam MA, Guerra GDS, Duarte-Neto PJ, Espíndola ELG. Influence of temperature on the toxicity of the elutriate from a pesticide contaminated soil to two cladoceran species. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:956-966. [PMID: 35672617 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazil has become one of the largest consumers of pesticides in the world. However, there are still few studies evaluating pesticide toxicity integrating local aquatic and terrestrial environments. In addition, there is growing concern about the influence of temperature conditions related with climate change on contaminants toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the elutriate toxicity of the insecticide Kraft® 36 EC (a.i. abamectin), the fungicide Score® 250 EC (a.i. difenoconazole) and their mixture to the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis, using model ecosystems (mesocosms). To this end, mesocosms were filled with natural soil and subjected to the following treatments: Control (Milli-Q water), Kraft (10.8 g abamectin ha-1), Score (20 g difenoconazole ha-1), and Kraft + Score (10.8 g abamectin ha-1 + 20 g difenoconazole ha-1). The experiment lasted 18 days, and the applications were made on days 1, 8, and 15; the occurrence of rainfall was simulated on days 1, 8, and 15 after applications and only rainfall simulation on days 4, 11, and 18. The experiment was conducted under two different temperatures: 23 °C and 33 °C. At 23 °C, single Kraft treatment and in combination with Score showed high toxicity to both cladocerans. At 33 °C, elutriate of the Kraft® and mixture treatments were highly toxic to D. similis but not to C. silvestrii. The results indicate that while Kraft had higher toxicity than Score to both cladocerans, this toxicity was counteracted at 33 °C only for the exotic species, D. similis. The results portray the complexity of pesticide toxicity when considering realistic experimental settings including different organisms and temperature treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pitombeira de Figueirêdo
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Danillo B Athayde
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Michiel A Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Glauce da Silva Guerra
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171900, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
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15
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Weingarten EA, Zee PC, Jackson CR. Microbial Communities in Saltpan Sediments Show Tolerance to Mars Analog Conditions, but Susceptibility to Chloride and Perchlorate Toxicity. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:838-850. [PMID: 35731161 PMCID: PMC9464085 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Brines at or near the surface of present-day Mars are a potential explanation for seasonally recurring dark streaks on the walls of craters, termed recurring slope lineae (RSL). Deliquescence and freezing point depression are possible drivers of brine stability, attributable to the high salinity observed in martian regolith including chlorides and perchlorates. Investigation of life, which may inhabit RSL, and the cellular mechanisms necessary for survival, must consider the tolerance of highly variable hydration, freeze-thaw cycles, and high osmolarity in addition to the anaerobic, oligotrophic, and irradiated environment. We propose the saltpan, an ephemeral, hypersaline wetland as an analogue for putative RSL hydrology. Saltpan sediment archaeal and bacterial communities showed tolerance of the Mars-analogous atmosphere, hydration, minerology, salinity, and temperature. Although active growth and a shift to well-adapted taxa were observed, susceptibility to low-concentration chloride and perchlorate addition suggested that such a composition was insufficient for beneficial water retention relative to added salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Weingarten
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter C. Zee
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Colin R. Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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16
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Velez P, Walker AK, González MC, Subash S. Narayanan S, Nakagiri A. In depth review of the ecology of arenicolous marine fungi. FUNGAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Morton SG, Schmidt TS, Poff NL. Lack of evidence for indirect effects from stonefly predators on primary production under future climate warming scenarios. ECOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2022.2060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G. Morton
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - N. LeRoy Poff
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, Canberra, Australia
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18
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An integrated multiple driver mesocosm experiment reveals the effect of global change on planktonic food web structure. Commun Biol 2022; 5:179. [PMID: 35233039 PMCID: PMC8888609 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change puts coastal marine systems under pressure, affecting community structure and functioning. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with an integrated multiple driver design to assess the impact of future global change scenarios on plankton, a key component of marine food webs. The experimental treatments were based on the RCP 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios developed by the IPCC, which were Extended (ERCP) to integrate the future predicted changing nutrient inputs into coastal waters. We show that simultaneous influence of warming, acidification, and increased N:P ratios alter plankton dynamics, favours smaller phytoplankton species, benefits microzooplankton, and impairs mesozooplankton. We observed that future environmental conditions may lead to the rise of Emiliania huxleyi and demise of Noctiluca scintillans, key species for coastal planktonic food webs. In this study, we identified a tipping point between ERCP 6.0 and ERCP 8.5 scenarios, beyond which alterations of food web structure and dynamics are substantial. Climate model-informed experiments indicate that marine plankton food webs may be restructured in the future. There exists a tipping point where a crucial plankton community structure changes under increased nitrogen to phosphorous ratios, pCO2 and temperature.
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19
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Narvaez CA, Moura AJ, Scutella DF, Cucchiara JP, Stark AY, Russell MP. Plasticity in fluctuating hydrodynamic conditions: Tube feet regeneration in sea urchins. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274209. [PMID: 35044457 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerating structures critical for survival provide excellent model systems for the study of phenotypic plasticity. These body components must regenerate their morphology and functionality quickly while subjected to different environmental stressors. Sea urchins live in high energy environments where hydrodynamic conditions pose significant challenges. Adhesive tube feet provide secure attachment to the substratum but can be amputated by predation and hydrodynamic forces. Tube feet display functional and morphological plasticity in response to environmental conditions, but regeneration to their pre-amputation status has not been achieved under quiescent laboratory settings. In this study, we assessed the effect of turbulent water movement, periodic emersion, and quiescent conditions on the regeneration process of tube feet morphology (length, disc area) and functionality (maximum disc tenacity, stem breaking force). Disc area showed significant plasticity in response to the treatments; when exposed to emersion and turbulent water movement, disc area was larger than tube feet regenerated in quiescent conditions. However, no treatment stimulated regeneration to pre-amputation sizes. Tube feet length was unaffected by treatments and remained shorter than non-amputated tube feet. Stem breaking force for amputated and not amputated treatments increased in all cases when compared to pre-amputation values. Maximum tenacity (force per unit area) was similar among tube feet subjected to simulated field conditions and amputation treatments. Our results suggest the role of active plasticity of tube feet functional morphology in response to field-like conditions and demonstrate the plastic response of invertebrates to laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Narvaez
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Andrew J Moura
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Daniel F Scutella
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Jack P Cucchiara
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Alyssa Y Stark
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
| | - Michael P Russell
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA
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20
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Raturi A, Singh H, Kumar P, Chanda A, Shukla N. Characterizing the post-monsoon CO 2, CH 4, N 2O, and H 2O vapor fluxes from a tropical wetland in the Himalayan foothill. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:50. [PMID: 34984556 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are emitters of greenhouse gases. However, many of the wetlands remain understudied (like temperate, boreal, and high-altitude wetlands), which constrains the global budgets. Himalayan foothill is one such data-deficient area. The present study reported (for the first time) the greenhouse gas fluxes (CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor) from the soils of the Nakraunda wetland of Uttarakhand in India during the post-monsoon season (October 2020 to January 2021). The sampling points covered six different types of soil within the wetlands. CO2, CH4, N2O, and H2O vapor emissions ranged from 82.89 to 1052.13 mg m-2 h-1, 0.56 to 2.25 mg m-2 h-1, 0.18 to 0.40 mg m-2 h-1, and 557.96 to 29,397.18 mg m-2 h-1, respectively, during the study period. Except for CO2, the other three greenhouse gas effluxes did not show any spatial variability. Soils close to "swamp proper" emitted substantially higher CO2 than the vegetated soils. Soil temperature exhibited exponential relationships with all the greenhouse gas fluxes, except for H2O vapor. The Q10 values for CO2, CH4, and N2O varied from 3.42 to 4.90, 1.66 to 2.20, and 1.20 to 1.30, respectively. Soil moisture showed positive relationships with all the greenhouse gas fluxes, except for N2O. The fluxes observed from Nakraunda were in parity with global observations. However, this study showed that wetlands experiencing lower temperature regime are also capable of emitting a substantial amount of greenhouse gases and thus, requires more study. Considering the seasonality of greenhouse gas fluxes should improve global wetland emission budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Raturi
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India.
| | - Hukum Singh
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
| | - Parmanand Kumar
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 0032, India
| | - Navneet Shukla
- Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248006, India
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21
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Bani A, Randall KC, Clark DR, Gregson BH, Henderson DK, Losty EC, Ferguson RM. Mind the gaps: What do we know about how multiple chemical stressors impact freshwater aquatic microbiomes? ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Carboni A, Slomberg DL, Nassar M, Santaella C, Masion A, Rose J, Auffan M. Aquatic Mesocosm Strategies for the Environmental Fate and Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:16270-16282. [PMID: 34854667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, mesocosms have emerged as a useful tool for the environmental study of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as they can mimic the relevant exposure scenario of contamination. Herein, we analyzed the scientific outcomes of aquatic mesocosm experiments, with regard to their designs, the ENMs tested, and the end points investigated. Several mesocosm designs were consistently applied in the past decade to virtually mimic various contamination scenarios with regard to ecosystem setting as well as ENMs class, dose, and dosing. Statistical analyses were carried out with the literature data to identify the main parameters driving ENM distribution in the mesocosms and the potential risk posed to benthic and planktonic communities as well as global ecosystem responses. These analyses showed that at the end of the exposure, mesocosm size (water volume), experiment duration, and location indoor/outdoor had major roles in defining the ENMs/metal partitioning. Moreover, a higher exposure of the benthic communities is often observed but did not necessarily translate to a higher risk due to the lower hazard posed by transformed ENMs in the sediments (e.g., aggregated, sulfidized). However, planktonic organisms were generally exposed to lower concentrations of potentially more reactive and toxic ENM species. Hence, mesocosms can be complementary tools to existing standard operational procedures for regulatory purposes and environmental fate and risk assessment of ENMs. To date, the research was markedly unbalanced toward the investigation of metal-based ENMs compared to metalloid- and carbon-based ENMs but also nanoenabled products. Future studies are expected to fill this gap, with special regard to high production volume and potentially hazardous ENMs. Finally, to take full advantage of mesocosms, future studies must be carefully planned to incorporate interdisciplinary approaches and ensure that the large data sets produced are fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carboni
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Danielle L Slomberg
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Mohammad Nassar
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Catherine Santaella
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere, Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LEMiRE, ECCOREV FR 3098, F-13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Armand Masion
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jerome Rose
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Melanie Auffan
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
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Uncertainty, Complexity and Constraints: How Do We Robustly Assess Biological Responses under a Rapidly Changing Climate? CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9120177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
How robust is our assessment of impacts to ecosystems and species from a rapidly changing climate during the 21st century? We examine the challenges of uncertainty, complexity and constraints associated with applying climate projections to understanding future biological responses. This includes an evaluation of how to incorporate the uncertainty associated with different greenhouse gas emissions scenarios and climate models, and constraints of spatiotemporal scales and resolution of climate data into impact assessments. We describe the challenges of identifying relevant climate metrics for biological impact assessments and evaluate the usefulness and limitations of different methodologies of applying climate change to both quantitative and qualitative assessments. We discuss the importance of incorporating extreme climate events and their stochastic tendencies in assessing ecological impacts and transformation, and provide recommendations for better integration of complex climate–ecological interactions at relevant spatiotemporal scales. We further recognize the compounding nature of uncertainty when accounting for our limited understanding of the interactions between climate and biological processes. Given the inherent complexity in ecological processes and their interactions with climate, we recommend integrating quantitative modeling with expert elicitation from diverse disciplines and experiential understanding of recent climate-driven ecological processes to develop a more robust understanding of ecological responses under different scenarios of future climate change. Inherently complex interactions between climate and biological systems also provide an opportunity to develop wide-ranging strategies that resource managers can employ to prepare for the future.
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Warming winters in lakes: Later ice onset promotes consumer overwintering and shapes springtime planktonic food webs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114840118. [PMID: 34810251 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114840118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate warming is causing the loss of freshwater ice around the Northern Hemisphere. Although the timing and duration of ice covers are known to regulate ecological processes in seasonally ice-covered ecosystems, the consequences of shortening winters for freshwater biota are poorly understood owing to the scarcity of under-ice research. Here, we present one of the first in-lake experiments to postpone ice-cover onset (by ≤21 d), thereby extending light availability (by ≤40 d) in early winter, and explicitly demonstrate cascading effects on pelagic food web processes and phenologies. Delaying ice-on elicited a sequence of events from winter to spring: 1) relatively greater densities of algal resources and primary consumers in early winter; 2) an enhanced prevalence of winter-active (overwintering) consumers throughout the ice-covered period, associated with augmented storage of high-quality fats likely due to a longer access to algal resources in early winter; and 3) an altered trophic structure after ice-off, with greater initial springtime densities of overwintering consumers driving stronger, earlier top-down regulation, effectively reducing the spring algal bloom. Increasingly later ice onset may thus promote consumer overwintering, which can confer a competitive advantage on taxa capable of surviving winters upon ice-off; a process that may diminish spring food availability for other consumers, potentially disrupting trophic linkages and energy flow pathways over the subsequent open-water season. In considering a future with warmer winters, these results provide empirical evidence that may help anticipate phenological responses to freshwater ice loss and, more broadly, constitute a case of climate-induced cross-seasonal cascade on realized food web processes.
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Macaulay SJ, Hageman KJ, Piggott JJ, Juvigny-Khenafou NPD, Matthaei CD. Warming and imidacloprid pulses determine macroinvertebrate community dynamics in experimental streams. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5469-5490. [PMID: 34418243 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of freshwater and pesticide use is essential for mitigating the impacts of intensive agriculture in the context of a changing climate. To better understand how climate change will affect the vulnerability of freshwater ecosystems to chemical pollutants, more empirical evidence is needed on the combined effects of climatic and chemical stressors in environmentally realistic conditions. Our experiment provides the first empirical evaluation of stream macroinvertebrate community dynamics in response to one of the world's most widely used insecticides, imidacloprid, and increased water temperature. In a 7-week streamside experiment using 128 flow-through circular mesocosms, we investigated the effects of pulsed imidacloprid exposure (four environmentally relevant levels between 0 and 4.6 µg/L) and raised water temperature (ambient, 3°C above) on invertebrate communities representative of fast- and slow-flowing microhabitats. Invertebrate drift and insect emergence were monitored during three pesticide pulses (10 days apart), and benthic invertebrate communities were sampled after 24 days of heating and pesticide manipulations. All three manipulated factors strongly affected drift community composition. The first imidacloprid pulse and increased temperature had a greater impact on communities in fast-flowing mesocosms, which contained more pollution-sensitive EPT taxa (mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies). Heating and imidacloprid caused increased emigration by drift, weak reductions in emergence, and negatively affected the benthic community. The combined effect of stressor manipulations and a 10-day natural heatwave drastically reduced relative abundances of EPT and insects overall and caused a shift to oligochaete-, crustacean- and gastropod-dominated communities. Contrary to our hypothesis, the very high yet realistic water temperatures reached in our experiment meant the negative effects of imidacloprid were clearest at ambient temperatures and fast flow. These findings demonstrate the potential combined impacts of imidacloprid contamination and heatwaves on freshwater invertebrate communities under future climate scenarios and highlight the need for more countries to take regulatory action to control neonicotinoid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Macaulay
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Schmidt A, Hines J, Türke M, Buscot F, Schädler M, Weigelt A, Gebler A, Klotz S, Liu T, Reth S, Trogisch S, Roy J, Wirth C, Eisenhauer N. The iDiv Ecotron-A flexible research platform for multitrophic biodiversity research. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15174-15190. [PMID: 34765169 PMCID: PMC8571575 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, ecological communities are confronted with multiple global environmental change drivers, and they are responding in complex ways ranging from behavioral, physiological, and morphological changes within populations to changes in community composition and food web structure with consequences for ecosystem functioning. A better understanding of global change-induced alterations of multitrophic biodiversity and the ecosystem-level responses in terrestrial ecosystems requires holistic and integrative experimental approaches to manipulate and study complex communities and processes above and below the ground. We argue that mesocosm experiments fill a critical gap in this context, especially when based on ecological theory and coupled with microcosm experiments, field experiments, and observational studies of macroecological patterns. We describe the design and specifications of a novel terrestrial mesocosm facility, the iDiv Ecotron. It was developed to allow the setup and maintenance of complex communities and the manipulation of several abiotic factors in a near-natural way, while simultaneously measuring multiple ecosystem functions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the facility, we provide a case study. This study shows that changes in aboveground multitrophic interactions caused by decreased predator densities can have cascading effects on the composition of belowground communities. The iDiv Ecotrons technical features, which allow for the assembly of an endless spectrum of ecosystem components, create the opportunity for collaboration among researchers with an equally broad spectrum of expertise. In the last part, we outline some of such components that will be implemented in future ecological experiments to be realized in the iDiv Ecotron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schmidt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Martin Schädler
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Alban Gebler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Sascha Reth
- Umwelt‐Geräte‐Technik GmbH – UGTMünchebergGermany
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Jacques Roy
- French National Centre for Scientific Research – CNRSParisFrance
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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27
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Lennox RJ, Westrelin S, Souza AT, Šmejkal M, Říha M, Prchalová M, Nathan R, Koeck B, Killen S, Jarić I, Gjelland K, Hollins J, Hellstrom G, Hansen H, Cooke SJ, Boukal D, Brooks JL, Brodin T, Baktoft H, Adam T, Arlinghaus R. A role for lakes in revealing the nature of animal movement using high dimensional telemetry systems. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:40. [PMID: 34321114 PMCID: PMC8320048 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Movement ecology is increasingly relying on experimental approaches and hypothesis testing to reveal how, when, where, why, and which animals move. Movement of megafauna is inherently interesting but many of the fundamental questions of movement ecology can be efficiently tested in study systems with high degrees of control. Lakes can be seen as microcosms for studying ecological processes and the use of high-resolution positioning systems to triangulate exact coordinates of fish, along with sensors that relay information about depth, temperature, acceleration, predation, and more, can be used to answer some of movement ecology's most pressing questions. We describe how key questions in animal movement have been approached and how experiments can be designed to gather information about movement processes to answer questions about the physiological, genetic, and environmental drivers of movement using lakes. We submit that whole lake telemetry studies have a key role to play not only in movement ecology but more broadly in biology as key scientific arenas for knowledge advancement. New hardware for tracking aquatic animals and statistical tools for understanding the processes underlying detection data will continue to advance the potential for revealing the paradigms that govern movement and biological phenomena not just within lakes but in other realms spanning lands and oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (LFI) at NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsporten 112, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Samuel Westrelin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, Pôle R&D ECLA, RECOVER, 3275 Route de Cézanne - CS 40061, 13182 Cedex 5, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Allan T Souza
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Šmejkal
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Říha
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Prchalová
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 102 Berman Bldg, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Koeck
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Karl Gjelland
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack Hollins
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Gustav Hellstrom
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henry Hansen
- Karlstads University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Germany
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Boukal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jill L Brooks
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Baktoft
- Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, Building Silkeborg-039, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Timo Adam
- Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Bergen, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Bergen, Germany
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Arias Font R, Khamis K, Milner AM, Sambrook Smith GH, Ledger ME. Low flow and heatwaves alter ecosystem functioning in a stream mesocosm experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146067. [PMID: 33677285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to intensify the effect of environmental stressors on riverine ecosystems. Extreme events, such as low flow and heatwaves, could have profound consequences for stream ecosystem functioning, but research on the impact of these stressors and their interaction across multiple processes, remains scarce. Here, we report the results of a two-month stream mesocosm experiment testing the effect of low flow (66% water level reduction, without gravel exposure) and heatwaves (three 8-d episodes of +5 °C above ambient with 10-15 days recovery between each episode) on a suite of ecosystem processes (i.e. detrital decomposition, biofilm accrual, ecosystem metabolism and DOC quantity and quality). Low flow reduced whole system metabolism, suppressing the rates of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER), but elevated DOC concentration. Overall, habitat contraction was the main driver of reduced ecosystem functioning in the low flow treatment. By contrast, heatwaves increased decomposition, algal accrual, and humic-like DOC, but reduced leaf decomposition efficiency. Net ecosystem production (NEP) generally decreased across the experiment but was most pronounced for low flow and heatwaves when occurring independently. Assessment of NEP responses to the three successive heatwave events revealed that responses later in the sequence were more reduced (i.e. more similar to controls), suggesting biofilm communities may acclimate to autumn heatwaves. However, when heatwaves co-occurred with low flow, a strong reduction in both ER and GPP was observed, suggesting increased microbial mortality and reduced acclimation. Our study reveals autumn heatwaves potentially elongate the growth season for primary producers and stimulate decomposers. With climate change, river ecosystems may become more heterotrophic, with faster processing of recalcitrant carbon. Further research is required to identify the impacts on higher trophic levels, meta-community dynamics and the potential for legacy effects generated by successive low flows and heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arias Font
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Kieran Khamis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexander M Milner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gregory H Sambrook Smith
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark E Ledger
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Bastazini VAG, Galiana N, Hillebrand H, Estiarte M, Ogaya R, Peñuelas J, Sommer U, Montoya JM. The impact of climate warming on species diversity across scales: Lessons from experimental meta-ecosystems. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2021; 30:1545-1554. [PMID: 36618082 PMCID: PMC7614025 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to evaluate the effects of climate warming on biodiversity across spatial scales (i.e., α-, β- and γ-diversity) and the effects of patch openness and experimental context on diversity responses. LOCATION Global. TIME PERIOD 1995-2017. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED Fungi, invertebrates, phytoplankton, plants, seaweed, soil microbes and zooplankton. METHODS We compiled data from warming experiments and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of warming on different components of diversity (such as species richness and equivalent numbers) at different spatial scales (α-, β- and γ-diversity, partitioning β-diversity into species turnover and nestedness components). We also investigated how these effects were modulated by system openness, defined as the possibility of replicates being colonized by new species, and experimental context (duration, mean temperature change and ecosystem type). RESULTS Experimental warming did not affect local species richness (α-diversity) but decreased effective numbers of species by affecting species dominance. Warming increased species spatial turnover (β-diversity), although no significant changes were detected at the regional scale (γ-diversity). Site openness and experimental context did not significantly affect our results, despite significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes of α- and β-diversity. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows that the effects of warming on biodiversity are scale dependent. The local and regional inventory diversity remain unaltered, whereas species composition across temperature gradients and the patterns of species dominance change with temperature, creating novel communities that might be harder to predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius A. G. Bastazini
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, French National Center for Scientific Research and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Núria Galiana
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, French National Center for Scientific Research and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Marc Estiarte
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Romá Ogaya
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - José M. Montoya
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, French National Center for Scientific Research and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France
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Sarà G, Giommi C, Giacoletti A, Conti E, Mulder C, Mangano MC. Multiple climate-driven cascading ecosystem effects after the loss of a foundation species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144749. [PMID: 33736396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is evolving so fast that the related adverse effects on the environment are becoming noticeable. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore and understand the effects generated by multiple extreme climatic events (MECEs) on marine ecosystem functioning and the services provided. Accordingly, we combined long-term in-situ empirical observations in the Mediterranean Sea with a mesocosm manipulation to investigate the concurrence of increasing temperature and hypoxia events. By focussing on a foundation mussel species, we were able to detect several cascade events triggered by a mass mortality event caused by stressful temperature and oxygen conditions, and resulting in a loss of ecosystem services. The measured rates of chlorophyll-a, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids - in both particulate and sedimentary organic matter - were used as proxies of ecosystem functioning during pre- and post- disturbance events (MECEs). In the past, MECEs were crucial for individual performance, mussel population dynamics and biomass. Their effect propagated along the ecological hierarchy negatively affecting the associated community and ecosystem. Our results suggest that the protection and/or restoration of coastal areas requires careful consideration of ecosystem functioning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our decadal time-series recorded by a near-term ecological forecasting network of thermal sensor allowed us to record and monitor multiple extreme climatic events (MECEs; heat wave and hypoxia events), warning on the environmental change recorded on a pond system. By integrating observational and manipulative approaches, we showed how a MECE triggered cascade events, from individual-based impaired functioning up to biodiversity loss (community composition and structure changes). Our results emphasize the key role played by a foundation species in driving ecosystem functioning, and the synergistic effects of climatic drivers acting simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sarà
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giommi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Giacoletti
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department, University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Erminia Conti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 71, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, via Androne 71, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - M Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
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31
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Li Z, Xu Z, Yang Y, Stewart RIA, Urrutia-Cordero P, He L, Zhang H, Hansson LA. Heat Waves Alter Macrophyte-Derived Detrital Nutrients Release under Future Climate Warming Scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:5272-5281. [PMID: 33764736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to a rise in global air and water mean temperatures, extreme climate events such as heat waves are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration in many regions of the globe. Developing a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of heat waves on key ecosystem processes and how they differ from just an increase in mean temperatures is therefore of utmost importance for adaptive management against effects of global change. However, little is known about the impact of extreme events on freshwater ecosystem processes, particularly the decomposition of macrophyte detritus. We performed a mesocosm experiment to evaluate the impact of warming and heat waves on macrophyte detrital decomposition, applied as a fixed increment (+4 °C) above ambient and a fluctuating treatment with similar energy input, ranging from 0 to 6 °C above ambient (i.e., simulating heat waves). We showed that both warming and heat waves significantly accelerate dry mass loss of the detritus and carbon (C) release but found no significant differences between the two heated treatments on the effects on detritus dry mass loss and C release amount. This suggests that moderate warming indirectly enhanced macrophyte detritus dry mass loss and C release mainly by the amount of energy input rather than by the way in which warming was provided (i.e., by a fixed increment or in heat waves). However, we found significantly different amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released between the two warming treatments, and there was an asymmetric response of N and P release patterns to the two warming treatments, possibly due to species-specific responses of decomposers to short-term temperature fluctuations and litter quality. Our results conclude that future climate scenarios can significantly accelerate organic matter decomposition and C, N, and P release from decaying macrophytes, and more importantly, there are asymmetric alterations in macrophyte-derived detrital N and P release dynamic. Therefore, future climate change scenarios could lead to alterations in N/P ratios in the water column via macrophyte decomposition processes and ultimately affect the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems, especially in the plankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rebecca I A Stewart
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pablo Urrutia-Cordero
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of Marine Environments (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Schleusenstrasse 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Liang He
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Roy J, Rineau F, De Boeck HJ, Nijs I, Pütz T, Abiven S, Arnone JA, Barton CVM, Beenaerts N, Brüggemann N, Dainese M, Domisch T, Eisenhauer N, Garré S, Gebler A, Ghirardo A, Jasoni RL, Kowalchuk G, Landais D, Larsen SH, Leemans V, Le Galliard J, Longdoz B, Massol F, Mikkelsen TN, Niedrist G, Piel C, Ravel O, Sauze J, Schmidt A, Schnitzler J, Teixeira LH, Tjoelker MG, Weisser WW, Winkler B, Milcu A. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1387-1407. [PMID: 33274502 PMCID: PMC7986626 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad-spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.
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Kuglerová L, Hasselquist EM, Sponseller RA, Muotka T, Hallsby G, Laudon H. Multiple stressors in small streams in the forestry context of Fennoscandia: The effects in time and space. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143521. [PMID: 33243494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe how forest management practices in Fennoscandian countries, namely Sweden and Finland, expose streams to multiple stressors over space and time. In this region, forestry includes several different management actions and we explore how these may successively disturb the same location over 60-100 year long rotation periods. Of these actions, final harvest and associated road construction, soil scarification, and/or ditch network maintenance are the most obvious sources of stressors to aquatic ecosystems. Yet, more subtle actions such as planting, thinning of competing saplings and trees, and removing logging residues also represent disturbances around waterways in these landscapes. We review literature about how these different forestry practices may introduce a combination of physicochemical stressors, including hydrological change, increased sediment transport, altered thermal and light regimes, and water quality deterioration. We further elaborate on how the single stressors may combine and interact and we consequently hypothesise how these interactions may affect aquatic communities and processes. Because production forestry is practiced on a large area in both countries, the various stressors appear multiple times during the rotation cycles and potentially affect the majority of the stream network length within most catchments. We concluded that forestry practices have traditionally not been the focus of multiple stressor studies and should be investigated further in both observational and experimental fashion. Stressors accumulate across time and space in forestry dominated landscapes, and may interact in unpredictable ways, limiting our current understanding of what forested stream networks are exposed to and how we can design and apply best management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kuglerová
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eliza Maher Hasselquist
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Water Quality Impacts Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Timo Muotka
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Göran Hallsby
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Pack KE, Rius M, Mieszkowska N. Long-term environmental tolerance of the non-indigenous Pacific oyster to expected contemporary climate change conditions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 164:105226. [PMID: 33316607 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current global redistribution of biota is often attributed to two main drivers: contemporary climate change (CCC) and non-indigenous species (NIS). Despite evidence of synergetic effects, however, studies assessing long-term effects of CCC conditions on NIS fitness remain rare. We examined the interactive effects of warming, ocean acidification and reduced salinity on the globally distributed marine NIS Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) over a ten-month period. Growth, clearance and oxygen consumption rates were measured monthly to assess individual fitness. Lower salinity had a significant, permanent effect on M. gigas, reducing and increasing clearance and oxygen consumption rates, respectively. Neither predicted increases in seawater temperature nor reduced pH had a long-term physiological effect, indicating conditions predicted for 2100 will not affect adult physiology and survival. These results suggest that M. gigas will remain a globally successful NIS and predicted CCC will continue to facilitate their competitive dominance in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Pack
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc Rius
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Nova Mieszkowska
- Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, United Kingdom; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Yamamoto S, Kayanne H, Fujita N, Sato Y, Kurihara H, Harii S, Hemmi A, Dickson AG. Development of an automated transportable continuous system to measure the total alkalinity of seawater. Talanta 2021; 221:121666. [PMID: 33076173 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are contributing to global warming and ocean acidification. Rapid and accurate measurements of seawater carbonate chemistry are critical to understand current changes in the ocean and to predict future effects of such changes on marine organisms and ecosystems. Total alkalinity (AT) measurements can be used to directly determine the calcification rate, but they are time-consuming and require large sample volumes. Herein, we describe an automated and transportable flow-through system that can conduct continuous AT measurement using an ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) - Ag/AgCl sensor and three different reference materials. The response time, stability, and uncertainty of our system were evaluated by comparing AT values of calibrated reference materials to those calculated by our system. Our system requires only small amounts of seawater (<10 mL) and a short time per sample (<5 min) to produce results with a relative uncertainty of less than 0.1% (approx. 2.2 μmol kg-1). This system is expected to facilitate easy and rapid in-situ measurement of AT. Continuous AT measurements would enable us to determine short-term calcification responses to changes in light or temperature and improve our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of creatures such as corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Yamamoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Hajime Kayanne
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Nori Fujita
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukari Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Haruko Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Saki Harii
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa, 905-0227, Japan
| | - Akihide Hemmi
- Mebius Advanced Technology Ltd., 3-31-6 Nishiogi-kita, Suginami-ku, Tokyo, 167-0042, Japan
| | - Andrew G Dickson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography (MC0244), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0244, USA
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Paiva F, Brennecke D, Pansch C, Briski E. Consistency of aquatic enclosed experiments: The importance of scale and ecological complexity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Paiva
- GEOMAR Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Kiel Germany
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI) Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo Funchal Madeira Portugal
| | - Dennis Brennecke
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Büsum Germany
- Department of Biology Marine Biological Research Centre University of Southern Denmark Kerteminde Denmark
- Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Pansch
- Department of Environmental & Marine Biology Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
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Ersoy Z, Scharfenberger U, Baho DL, Bucak T, Feldmann T, Hejzlar J, Levi EE, Mahdy A, Nõges T, Papastergiadou E, Stefanidis K, Šorf M, Søndergaard M, Trigal C, Jeppesen E, Beklioğlu M. Impact of nutrients and water level changes on submerged macrophytes along a temperature gradient: A pan-European mesocosm experiment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6831-6851. [PMID: 32893967 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Submerged macrophytes are of key importance for the structure and functioning of shallow lakes and can be decisive for maintaining them in a clear water state. The ongoing climate change affects the macrophytes through changes in temperature and precipitation, causing variations in nutrient load, water level and light availability. To investigate how these factors jointly determine macrophyte dominance and growth, we conducted a highly standardized pan-European experiment involving the installation of mesocosms in lakes. The experimental design consisted of mesotrophic and eutrophic nutrient conditions at 1 m (shallow) and 2 m (deep) depth along a latitudinal temperature gradient with average water temperatures ranging from 14.9 to 23.9°C (Sweden to Greece) and a natural drop in water levels in the warmest countries (Greece and Turkey). We determined percent plant volume inhabited (PVI) of submerged macrophytes on a monthly basis for 5 months and dry weight at the end of the experiment. Over the temperature gradient, PVI was highest in the shallow mesotrophic mesocosms followed by intermediate levels in the shallow eutrophic and deep mesotrophic mesocosms, and lowest levels in the deep eutrophic mesocosms. We identified three pathways along which water temperature likely affected PVI, exhibiting (a) a direct positive effect if light was not limiting; (b) an indirect positive effect due to an evaporation-driven water level reduction, causing a nonlinear increase in mean available light; and (c) an indirect negative effect through algal growth and, thus, high light attenuation under eutrophic conditions. We conclude that high temperatures combined with a temperature-mediated water level decrease can counterbalance the negative effects of eutrophic conditions on macrophytes by enhancing the light availability. While a water level reduction can promote macrophyte dominance, an extreme reduction will likely decrease macrophyte biomass and, consequently, their capacity to function as a carbon store and food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ersoy
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- 'Rui Nabeiro' Biodiversity Chair, MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ulrike Scharfenberger
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Didier L Baho
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tuba Bucak
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Nature Conservation Centre, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tõnu Feldmann
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Josef Hejzlar
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eti E Levi
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Aldoushy Mahdy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tiina Nõges
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | | | - Konstantinos Stefanidis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Anavissos Attiki, Greece
| | - Michal Šorf
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cristina Trigal
- Species Information Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Beklioğlu
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation (EKOSAM), Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Griffen BD, van den Akker D, DiNuzzo ER, Anderson L, Vernier A. Comparing methods for predicting the impacts of invasive species. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bonnefond A, Courtois EA, Sueur J, Sugai LSM, Llusia D. Climatic breadth of calling behaviour in two widespread Neotropical frogs: Insights from humidity extremes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5431-5446. [PMID: 32654304 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is severely altering precipitation regimes at local and global scales, yet the capacity of species to cope with these changes has been insufficiently examined. Amphibians are globally endangered and particularly sensitive to moisture conditions. For mating, most amphibian species rely on calling behaviour, which is a key weather-dependent trait. Using passive acoustics, we monitored the calling behaviour of two widespread Neotropical frogs in 12 populations located at the humidity extremes but thermal mean of the species distribution. Based on 2,554 hr of recordings over a breeding season, we found that both the aquatic species Pseudis paradoxa and the arboreal species Boana raniceps exhibited calling behaviour at a wide range of relative humidity. Calling humidity was significantly lower in conspecific populations subjected to drier conditions, while calling temperature did not differ between populations or species. Overall, no variation in climatic breadth was observed between large and small choruses, and calling behaviour was scarcely detected during the driest, hottest and coldest potential periods of breeding. Our results showed that calling humidity of the studied species varies according to the precipitation regime, suggesting that widespread Neotropical anurans may have the capacity to exhibit sexual displays in different climatic environments. Regardless of the underlying mechanism (plasticity or local adaptation), which should be determined by common garden experiments, a wide and population-specific climatic breadth of calling behaviour may assist species to deal with changing humidity conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the response capacity of anurans to perform calling behaviour under contrasting precipitation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Bonnefond
- Centre de recherche Montabo, LEEISA UMSR 3456 CNRS-UG Ifremer, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Elodie A Courtois
- Centre de recherche Montabo, LEEISA UMSR 3456 CNRS-UG Ifremer, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jérôme Sueur
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Paris, France
| | - Larissa Sayuri M Sugai
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Llusia
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Vanderkelen I, Zscheischler J, Gudmundsson L, Keuler K, Rineau F, Beenaerts N, Vangronsveld J, Vicca S, Thiery W. A novel method for assessing climate change impacts in ecotron experiments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:1709-1727. [PMID: 32671669 PMCID: PMC7481170 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-01951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecotron facilities allow accurate control of many environmental variables coupled with extensive monitoring of ecosystem processes. They therefore require multivariate perturbation of climate variables, close to what is observed in the field and projections for the future. Here, we present a new method for creating realistic climate forcing for manipulation experiments and apply it to the UHasselt Ecotron experiment. The new methodology uses data derived from the best available regional climate model projection and consists of generating climate forcing along a gradient representative of increasingly high global mean air temperature anomalies. We first identified the best-performing regional climate model simulation for the ecotron site from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment in the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) ensemble based on two criteria: (i) highest skill compared to observations from a nearby weather station and (ii) representativeness of the multi-model mean in future projections. The time window is subsequently selected from the model projection for each ecotron unit based on the global mean air temperature of the driving global climate model. The ecotron units are forced with 3-hourly output from the projections of the 5-year period in which the global mean air temperature crosses the predefined values. With the new approach, Ecotron facilities become able to assess ecosystem responses on changing climatic conditions, while accounting for the co-variation between climatic variables and their projection in variability, well representing possible compound events. The presented methodology can also be applied to other manipulation experiments, aiming at investigating ecosystem responses to realistic future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inne Vanderkelen
- Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Gudmundsson
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Keuler
- Department of Environmental Meteorology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Francois Rineau
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, UHasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Thiery
- Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Exploring How Cyanobacterial Traits Affect Nutrient Loading Thresholds in Shallow Lakes: A Modelling Approach. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many shallow lakes have shifted from a clear macrophyte-dominated state to a turbid phytoplankton-dominated state due to eutrophication. Such shifts are often accompanied by toxic cyanobacterial blooms, with specialized traits including buoyancy regulation and nitrogen fixation. Previous work has focused on how these traits contribute to cyanobacterial competitiveness. Yet, little is known on how these traits affect the value of nutrient loading thresholds of shallow lakes. These thresholds are defined as the nutrient loading at which lakes shift water quality state. Here, we used a modelling approach to estimate the effects of traits on nutrient loading thresholds. We incorporated cyanobacterial traits in the process-based ecosystem model PCLake+, known for its ability to determine nutrient loading thresholds. Four scenarios were simulated, including cyanobacteria without traits, with buoyancy regulation, with nitrogen fixation, and with both traits. Nutrient loading thresholds were obtained under N-limited, P-limited, and colimited conditions. Results show that cyanobacterial traits can impede lake restoration actions aimed at removing cyanobacterial blooms via nutrient loading reduction. However, these traits hardly affect the nutrient loading thresholds for clear lakes experiencing eutrophication. Our results provide references for nutrient loading thresholds and draw attention to cyanobacterial traits during the remediation of eutrophic water bodies.
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42
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Biological responses to extreme weather events are detectable but difficult to formally attribute to anthropogenic climate change. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14067. [PMID: 32826931 PMCID: PMC7442817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts, heatwaves and floods have increased over recent decades, more extreme biological responses are being reported, and there is widespread interest in attributing such responses to anthropogenic climate change. However, the formal detection and attribution of biological responses to climate change is associated with many challenges. We illustrate these challenges with data from the Elbe River floodplain, Germany. Using community turnover and stability indices, we show that responses in plant, carabid and mollusc communities are detectable following extreme events. Community composition and species dominance changed following the extreme flood and summer heatwave of 2002/2003 (all taxa); the 2006 flood and heatwave (molluscs); and after the recurring floods and heatwave of 2010 and the 2013 flood (plants). Nevertheless, our ability to attribute these responses to anthropogenic climate change is limited by high natural variability in climate and biological data; lack of long-term data and replication, and the effects of multiple events. Without better understanding of the mechanisms behind change and the interactions, feedbacks and potentially lagged responses, multiple-driver attribution is unlikely. We discuss whether formal detection and/or attribution is necessary and suggest ways in which understanding of biological responses to extreme events could progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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44
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Mausz MA, Segovia M, Larsen A, Berger SA, Egge JK, Pohnert G. High CO 2 concentration and iron availability determine the metabolic inventory in an Emiliania huxleyi-dominated phytoplankton community. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3863-3882. [PMID: 32656913 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions, strongly impacts marine ecosystems. OA also influences iron (Fe) solubility, affecting biogeochemical and ecological processes. We investigated the interactive effects of CO2 and Fe availability on the metabolome response of a natural phytoplankton community. Using mesocosms we exposed phytoplankton to ambient (390 μatm) or future CO2 levels predicted for the year 2100 (900 μatm), combined with ambient (4.5 nM) or high (12 nM) dissolved iron (dFe). By integrating over the whole phytoplankton community, we assigned functional changes based on altered metabolite concentrations. Our study revealed the complexity of phytoplankton metabolism. Metabolic profiles showed three stages in response to treatments and phytoplankton dynamics. Metabolome changes were related to the plankton group contributing respective metabolites, explaining bloom decline and community succession. CO2 and Fe affected metabolic profiles. Most saccharides, fatty acids, amino acids and many sterols significantly correlated with the high dFe treatment at ambient pCO2 . High CO2 lowered the abundance of many metabolites irrespective of Fe. However, sugar alcohols accumulated, indicating potential stress. We demonstrate that not only altered species composition but also changes in the metabolic landscape affecting the plankton community may change as a consequence of future high-CO2 oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela A Mausz
- Department for Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07743, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, Jena, 07745, Germany.,School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - María Segovia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Aud Larsen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, 5038, Norway.,Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgaten 53A/B, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Stella A Berger
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgaten 53A/B, Bergen, 5020, Norway.,Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin, 16775, Germany
| | - Jorun K Egge
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgaten 53A/B, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Department for Bioorganic Analytics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, Jena, 07743, Germany
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45
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Mensch B, Neulinger SC, Künzel S, Wahl M, Schmitz RA. Warming, but Not Acidification, Restructures Epibacterial Communities of the Baltic Macroalga Fucus vesiculosus With Seasonal Variability. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1471. [PMID: 32676070 PMCID: PMC7333354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to ocean acidification and global warming, surface seawater of the western Baltic Sea is expected to reach an average of ∼1100 μatm pCO2 and an increase of ∼5°C by the year 2100. In four consecutive experiments (spanning 10-11 weeks each) in all seasons within 1 year, the abiotic factors temperature (+5°C above in situ) and pCO2 (adjusted to ∼1100 μatm) were tested for their single and combined effects on epibacterial communities of the brown macroalga Fucus vesiculosus and on bacteria present in the surrounding seawater. The experiments were set up in three biological replicates using the Kiel Outdoor Benthocosm facility (Kiel, Germany). Phylogenetic analyses of the respective microbiota were performed by bacterial 16S (V1-V2) rDNA Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing after 0, 4, 8, and 10/11 weeks per season. The results demonstrate (I) that the bacterial community composition varied in time and (II) that relationships between operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within an OTU association network were mainly governed by the habitat. (III) Neither single pCO2 nor pCO2:Temperature interaction effects were statistically significant. However, significant impact of ocean warming was detected varying among seasons. (IV) An indicator OTU (iOTU) analysis identified several iOTUs that were strongly influenced by temperature in spring, summer, and winter. In the warming treatments of these three seasons, we observed decreasing numbers of bacteria that are commonly associated with a healthy marine microbial community and-particularly during spring and summer-an increase in potentially pathogenic and bacteria related to intensified microfouling. This might lead to severe consequences for the F. vesiculosus holobiont finally affecting the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Mensch
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven C. Neulinger
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- omics2view.consulting GbR, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Martin Wahl
- Marine Ecology Division, Research Unit Experimental Ecology, Benthic Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Department of Biology, Institute of General Microbiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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46
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Campos D, Machado AL, Cardoso DN, Silva ARR, Silva PV, Rodrigues ACM, Simão FCP, Loureiro S, Grabicová K, Nováková P, Soares AMVM, Pestana JLT. Effects of the organic UV-filter, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor, on benthic invertebrates and ecosystem function in artificial streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113981. [PMID: 32041008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the use of organic ultraviolet-filters (UV-filters) has increased worldwide, and these compounds are now considered emerging contaminants of many freshwater ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) on a freshwater invertebrate community and on associated ecological functions. For that, artificial streams were used, and a natural invertebrate benthic community was exposed to sediments contaminated with two concentrations of 4-MBC. Effects were evaluated regarding macroinvertebrate abundance and community structure, as well as leaf decomposition and primary production. Results showed that the macroinvertebrate community parameters and leaf decomposition rates were not affected by 4-MBC exposure. On the other hand, primary production was strongly reduced. This study highlights the importance of higher tier ecotoxicity experiments for the assessment of the effects of low concentrations of organic UV-filters on freshwater invertebrate community structure and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Campos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana L Machado
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Nováková
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 725/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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47
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Short-Term Interactive Effects of Experimental Heat Waves and Turbidity Pulses on the Foraging Success of a Subtropical Invertivorous Fish. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sudden increases in temperature and turbidity in aquatic ecosystems are expected for different regions in the future, as a result of the more frequent extreme climatic events that are predicted. The consequences of these abrupt changes in the outcomes of predator–prey interactions are unknown. Here, we tested the effects of a heat wave and a turbidity pulse on the foraging success of a subtropical cichlid fish (Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura) on amphipods (Hyalella curvispina). We carried out a short-term experiment combining treatments of turbidity (3 and 100 nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]) and water temperature (19.2, 22.2, 25.2 and 27.0 °C), considering potential differences given by fish length. Changes in water temperature did not promote significant changes in prey consumption. Higher turbidity, in contrast, decreased prey consumption. Also, we found that fish with different body lengths consumed a similar amount of prey under clear waters, but, in turbid waters, bigger individuals were more efficient than the smaller individuals. This finding is an empirical demonstration that the effect of increased turbidity on predation rate depends upon predator body size, and it suggests that bigger body sizes may help overcome turbidity-associated limitations in finding and capturing prey. Our short-term results suggest that, if turbidity pulses and heat waves become more frequent in the future, the outcome of fish–invertebrate interaction can be affected by local characteristics such as fish population size distribution.
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48
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Richardson J, Feuchtmayr H, Miller C, Hunter PD, Maberly SC, Carvalho L. Response of cyanobacteria and phytoplankton abundance to warming, extreme rainfall events and nutrient enrichment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3365-3380. [PMID: 31095834 PMCID: PMC6852574 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are an increasing threat to water quality and global water security caused by the nutrient enrichment of freshwaters. There is also a broad consensus that blooms are increasing with global warming, but the impacts of other concomitant environmental changes, such as an increase in extreme rainfall events, may affect this response. One of the potential effects of high rainfall events on phytoplankton communities is greater loss of biomass through hydraulic flushing. Here we used a shallow lake mesocosm experiment to test the combined effects of: warming (ambient vs. +4°C increase), high rainfall (flushing) events (no events vs. seasonal events) and nutrient loading (eutrophic vs. hypertrophic) on total phytoplankton chlorophyll-a and cyanobacterial abundance and composition. Our hypotheses were that: (a) total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial abundance would be higher in heated mesocosms; (b) the stimulatory effects of warming on cyanobacterial abundance would be enhanced in higher nutrient mesocosms, resulting in a synergistic interaction; (c) the recovery of biomass from flushing induced losses would be quicker in heated and nutrient-enriched treatments, and during the growing season. The results supported the first and, in part, the third hypotheses: total phytoplankton and cyanobacterial abundance increased in heated mesocosms with an increase in common bloom-forming taxa-Microcystis spp. and Dolichospermum spp. Recovery from flushing was slowest in the winter, but unaffected by warming or higher nutrient loading. Contrary to the second hypothesis, an antagonistic interaction between warming and nutrient enrichment was detected for both cyanobacteria and chlorophyll-a demonstrating that ecological surprises can occur, dependent on the environmental context. While this study highlights the clear need to mitigate against global warming, oversimplification of global change effects on cyanobacteria should be avoided; stressor gradients and seasonal effects should be considered as important factors shaping the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Richardson
- Centre for Ecology & HydrologyLancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | | | - Claire Miller
- School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Peter D. Hunter
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
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49
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Melguizo-Ruiz N, Jiménez-Navarro G, De Mas E, Pato J, Scheu S, Austin AT, Wise DH, Moya-Laraño J. Field exclusion of large soil predators impacts lower trophic levels and decreases leaf-litter decomposition in dry forests. J Anim Ecol 2019; 89:334-346. [PMID: 31494934 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shifts in densities of apex predators may indirectly affect fundamental ecosystem processes, such as decomposition, by altering patterns of cascading effects propagating through lower trophic levels. These top-down effects may interact with anthropogenic impacts, such as climate change, in largely unknown ways. We investigated how changes in densities of large predatory arthropods in forest leaf-litter communities altered lower trophic levels and litter decomposition. We conducted our experiment in soil communities that had experienced different levels of long-term average precipitation. We hypothesized that altering abundances of apex predators would have stronger effects on soil communities inhabiting dry forests, due to lower secondary productivity and greater resource overexploitation by lower trophic levels compared to wet forests. We experimentally manipulated abundances of the largest arthropod predators (apex predators) in field mesocosms replicated in the leaf-litter community of Iberian beech forests that differed in long-term mean annual precipitation by 25% (three dry forests with MAP < 1,250 mm and four wet forests with MAP > 1,400 mm). After one year, we assessed abundances of soil fauna in lower trophic levels and indirect impacts on leaf-litter decomposition using litter of understorey hazel, Corylus avellana. Reducing densities of large predators had a consistently negative effect on final abundances of the different trophic groups and several taxa within each group. Moreover, large predatory arthropods strongly impacted litter decomposition, and their effect interacted with the long-term annual rainfall experienced by the soil community. In the dry forests, a 50% reduction in the densities of apex predators was associated with a 50% reduction in decomposition. In wet forests, the same reduction in densities of apex soil predators did not alter the rate of litter decomposition. Our results suggest that predators may facilitate lower trophic levels by indirectly reducing competition and resource overexploitation, cascading effects that may be more pronounced in drier forests where conditions have selected for greater competitive ability and more rapid resource utilization. These findings thus provide insights into the functioning of soil invertebrate communities and their role in decomposition, as well as potential consequences of soil community responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Melguizo-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain.,Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain.,CIBIO/InBio Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Évora, Portugal
| | - Gerardo Jiménez-Navarro
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain.,CIBIO/InBio Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Évora, Portugal
| | - Eva De Mas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain
| | - Joaquina Pato
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, Spain
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy T Austin
- Facultad de Agronomía, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David H Wise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordi Moya-Laraño
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Almería, Spain
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50
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Puche E, Rojo C, Ramos‐Jiliberto R, Rodrigo MA. Structure and vulnerability of the multi‐interaction network in macrophyte‐dominated lakes. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Puche
- Cavanilles Inst. of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 ES‐46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Carmen Rojo
- Cavanilles Inst. of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 ES‐46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramos‐Jiliberto
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - María A. Rodrigo
- Cavanilles Inst. of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Valencia c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 ES‐46980 Paterna Spain
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