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Panico F, Ferrara A, Sagliano L, Trojano L. The involvement of rTPJ in intention attribution during social decision making: A TMS study. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:755-765. [PMID: 38689164 PMCID: PMC11233285 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The mini-Ultimatum Game (mini-UG) is a bargaining game used to assess the reactions of a responder to unfair offers made by a proposer under different intentionality conditions. Previous studies employing this task showed the activation of responders' right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), which could be related to its involvement in judgments of intentionality. To verify this hypothesis, in the present study we applied online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the rTPJ in responders during the mini-UG, in which we manipulated intention attribution implicitly. A cover story was employed to induce participants to believe they were interacting with another agent. We expected that interfering with the rTPJ could affect the ability of responders to assume proposers' perspective, producing higher rates of rejections of unfair offers when offers are perceived as independent from responders' intentionality to inequality. Twenty-six healthy women voluntarily participated in the study. In the mini-UG, an unfair distribution of the proposer (8/2 offer) was pitted against one of three alternative offers: fair-alternative (5/5), no-alternative (8/2), hyperfair-alternative (2/8). During the task, a train of TMS pulses was delivered at proposers' offer presentation in blocks of active (rTPJ) or control (Vertex) stimulation according to an ABAB design. As expected, findings showed that rejection of the no-alternative offers was higher under TMS stimulation of the rTPJ compared with the control TMS. This effect was modulated by the degree of trustworthiness in the cover story. These data contribute defining the mechanisms and brain areas underpinning social decision making as assessed by bargaining tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panico
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Antonella Ferrara
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Laura Sagliano
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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La Malva P, Di Crosta A, Prete G, Ceccato I, Gatti M, D'Intino E, Tommasi L, Mammarella N, Palumbo R, Di Domenico A. The effects of prefrontal tDCS and hf-tRNS on the processing of positive and negative emotions evoked by video clips in first- and third-person. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8064. [PMID: 38580697 PMCID: PMC10997595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The causal role of the cerebral hemispheres in positive and negative emotion processing remains uncertain. The Right Hemisphere Hypothesis proposes right hemispheric superiority for all emotions, while the Valence Hypothesis suggests the left/right hemisphere's primary involvement in positive/negative emotions, respectively. To address this, emotional video clips were presented during dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) electrical stimulation, incorporating a comparison of tDCS and high frequency tRNS stimulation techniques and manipulating perspective-taking (first-person vs third-person Point of View, POV). Four stimulation conditions were applied while participants were asked to rate emotional video valence: anodal/cathodal tDCS to the left/right DLPFC, reverse configuration (anodal/cathodal on the right/left DLPFC), bilateral hf-tRNS, and sham (control condition). Results revealed significant interactions between stimulation setup, emotional valence, and POV, implicating the DLPFC in emotions and perspective-taking. The right hemisphere played a crucial role in both positive and negative valence, supporting the Right Hemisphere Hypothesis. However, the complex interactions between the brain hemispheres and valence also supported the Valence Hypothesis. Both stimulation techniques (tDCS and tRNS) significantly modulated results. These findings support both hypotheses regarding hemispheric involvement in emotions, underscore the utility of video stimuli, and emphasize the importance of perspective-taking in this field, which is often overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale La Malva
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora D'Intino
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 31, Via dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Pezzetta R, Gambarota F, Tarantino V, Devita M, Cattaneo Z, Arcara G, Mapelli D, Masina F. A meta-analysis of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) effects on cerebellar-associated cognitive processes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105509. [PMID: 38101590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), have provided valuable insights into the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processes. However, replicating findings from studies involving cerebellar stimulation poses challenges. This meta-analysis investigates the impact of NIBS on cognitive processes associated with the cerebellum. We conducted a systematic search and analyzed 66 studies and 91 experiments involving healthy adults who underwent either TMS or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the cerebellum. The results indicate that anodal tDCS applied to the medial cerebellum enhances cognitive performance. In contrast, high-frequency TMS disrupts cognitive performance when targeting the lateral cerebellar hemispheres or when employed in online protocols. Similarly, low-frequency TMS and continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) diminish performance in offline protocols. Moreover, high-frequency TMS impairs accuracy. By identifying consistent effects and moderators of modulation, this meta-analysis contributes to improving the replicability of studies using NIBS on the cerebellum and provides guidance for future research aimed at developing effective NIBS interventions targeting the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Devita
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Weinberg H, Baruch Y, Tzameret H, Lavidor M. Cognitive control enhancement in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical individuals. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:2381-2392. [PMID: 37624418 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive control, which has been localized to the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) based on functional imaging and brain lesion studies, is impaired in patients with ADHD. The present study aims to investigate whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the rIFG might improve cognitive control in ADHD subjects. We hypothesized poorer performance in a cognitive control task, but not in a control language task, in the ADHD subjects. Crucially, following tDCS, we expected the ADHD group to improve their cognitive control. In a double-blind randomized control trial, 42 participants performed the stop signal task (SST) to index their cognitive control level and the language task. Half of them were randomly assigned to the anodal stimulation condition and half to the sham stimulation. The anodal or sham stimulation was applied over the right IFG. Following the stimulation, the participants reset the two tasks to see whether stimulation improved the (predicted) weaker performance in the ADHD group. Stimulation significantly enhanced cognitive control for both groups, with or without ADHD, in the SST task, but no significant stimulation effects were found for the control task. tDCS seems as a promising tool to improve cognitive control in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodaya Weinberg
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yuval Baruch
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hila Tzameret
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lavidor
- The Gonda Brain Research Center and Psychology Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Marsh EB, Girgenti S, Llinas EJ, Brunson AO. Outcomes in Patients with Minor Stroke: Diagnosis and Management in the Post-thrombectomy Era. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:732-743. [PMID: 36752947 PMCID: PMC10275835 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of mechanical thrombectomy and better preventative strategies, a higher number of patients are being discharged home from the hospital with the so-called minor strokes. This has significantly changed the landscape of stroke recovery. Unfortunately, while symptoms may be categorized as mild compared to individuals with higher NIH Stroke Scale scores, the physical, cognitive, and emotional sequelae can be disabling and result in failure to return to work and poor quality of life in a population with significant potential to recover fully. In this review, we discuss the current state of minor stroke, the most common pattern of resulting deficits, what is known about the underlying pathophysiology that leads to a relatively global pattern of impaired cognition following an infarct in any location, and special considerations for treatment based on this population's unique needs. Raising awareness of the current morbidity associated with minor stroke, the need for a uniform definition that allows for comparisons of individuals across studies, and further research focused on this population to optimize outcomes, has the potential to significantly improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth B Marsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Sophia Girgenti
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward J Llinas
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Autumn O Brunson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Zhu HQ, Luo J, Wang XQ, Zhang XA. Non-invasive brain stimulation for osteoarthritis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:987732. [PMID: 36247995 PMCID: PMC9557732 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.987732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, the prevalence of OA is increasing, and the elderly are the most common in patients with OA. OA has a severe impact on the daily life of patients, this increases the demand for treatment of OA. In recent years, the application of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has attracted extensive attention. It has been confirmed that NIBS plays an important role in regulating cortical excitability and oscillatory rhythm in specific brain regions. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different NIBS techniques in OA, clarified the potential of NIBS as a treatment choice for OA, and provided prospects for further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Zhu
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Xi’an University of Sport, Xi’an, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Xue-Qiang Wang,
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-An Zhang,
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Boosting psychological change: Combining non-invasive brain stimulation with psychotherapy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104867. [PMID: 36122739 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mental health disorders and substance use disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and one of the most important challenges for public health systems. While evidence-based psychotherapy is generally pursued to address mental health challenges, psychological change is often hampered by non-adherence to treatments, relapses, and practical barriers (e.g., time, cost). In recent decades, Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as promising tools to directly target dysfunctional neural circuitry and promote long-lasting plastic changes. While the therapeutic efficacy of NIBS protocols for mental illnesses has been established, neuromodulatory interventions might also be employed to support the processes activated by psychotherapy. Indeed, combining psychotherapy with NIBS might help tailor the treatment to the patient's unique characteristics and therapeutic goal, and would allow more direct control of the neuronal changes induced by therapy. Herein, we overview emerging evidence on the use of NIBS to enhance the psychotherapeutic effect, while highlighting the next steps in advancing clinical and research methods toward personalized intervention approaches.
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Electric Field Distribution Induced by TMS: Differences Due to Anatomical Variation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a well-established technique for the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. The numerical calculation of the induced electric field (EF) distribution in the brain increases the efficacy of stimulation and improves clinical outcomes. However, unique anatomical features, which distinguish each subject, suggest that personalized models should be preferentially used. The objective of the present study was to assess how anatomy affects the EF distribution and to determine to what extent personalized models are useful for clinical studies. The head models of nineteen healthy volunteers were automatically segmented. Two versions of each head model, a homogeneous and a five-tissue anatomical, were stimulated by the model of a Hesed coil (H-coil), employing magnetic quasi-static simulations. The H-coil was placed at two standard stimulating positions per model, over the frontal and central areas. The results show small, but indisputable, variations in the EFs for the homogeneous and anatomical models. The interquartile ranges in the anatomical versions were higher compared to the homogeneous ones, indicating that individual anatomical features may affect the prediction of stimulation volumes. It is concluded that personalized models provide complementary information and should be preferably employed in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic TMS studies.
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Bashir S, Uzair M, Abualait T, Arshad M, Khallaf RA, Niaz A, Thani Z, Yoo WK, Túnez I, Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Meo SA. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurobiological changes in Alzheimer's disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:109. [PMID: 35119081 PMCID: PMC8845030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and brain neuronal loss. A pioneering field of research in AD is brain stimulation via electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which may produce clinical benefits. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have been developed to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the present review is to identify neurobiological changes, including inflammatory, neurodegenerative, apoptotic, neuroprotective and genetic changes, which are associated with repetitive TMS (rTMS) treatment in patients with AD. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate the effect of TMS treatment in patients with AD and to identify the associated mechanisms. The present review highlights the changes in inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms, mitochondrial enzymatic activities, and modulation of gene expression (microRNA expression profiles) associated with rTMS or sham procedures. At the molecular level, it has been suggested that EMFs generated by TMS may affect the cell redox status and amyloidogenic processes. TMS may also modulate gene expression by acting on both transcriptional and post‑transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. TMS may increase brain cortical excitability, induce specific potentiation phenomena, and promote synaptic plasticity and recovery of impaired functions; thus, it may re‑establish cognitive performance in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Eastern Province 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Turki Abualait
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Roaa A. Khallaf
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Eastern Province 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Niaz
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Eastern Province 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Thani
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Eastern Province 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Isaac Túnez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing/ Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14071, Spain
- Cooperative Research Thematic Excellent Network on Brain Stimulation (REDESTIM), Ministry for Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sultan Ayoub Meo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Yaghoubi E, Shariat SV, Rashedi V, Ghanbari Jolfaei A. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Delirium: A Double-blind, Randomized, Sham-controlled, Pilot Study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:237-246. [PMID: 36425946 PMCID: PMC9682314 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.1830.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delirium is a fatal but potentially reversible disorder of the central nervous system that imposes high costs on health systems. This study aims to evaluate the effect of intermittent theta-burst stimulation on the severity and course of delirium disorder. METHODS This is a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study. The study participants were randomly allocated into the active (active intermittent theta-burst stimulation) and sham groups. The severity of delirium was assessed 15 minutes before the intervention and 15 minutes after that by the Neelon and Champagne (NEECHAM) confusion scale. RESULTS In the active group, total and subscale scores of NEECHAM significantly decreased after intervention (P<0.05). Although no statistical difference was found in the control group regarding the subscale scores of NEECHAM, the difference in the total scores before and after the sham intervention was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Carrying one session of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can reduce the delirium severity in a short period, although it will not decrease the number of delirium cases three days after the intervention. HIGHLIGHTS Delirium is a CNS disorder;Delirium treatment is based on pharmacological and non-pharmacological;rTMS is quasi-modern treatment of neurocognitive disorders. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Delirium is fatal but reversible disorder. regarding the restrictions of routine treatments of delirium and by considering the cognition disturbances as the core symptom of delirium, and the positive effect of rTMS on cognition functions. we hypothesized that rTMS could be effective in the treatment of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Yaghoubi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Vahid Shariat
- Mental Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Garcia-Sanz S, Ghotme KA, Hedmont D, Arévalo-Jaimes MY, Cohen Kadosh R, Serra-Grabulosa JM, Redolar-Ripoll D. Use of transcranial magnetic stimulation for studying the neural basis of numerical cognition: A systematic review. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 369:109485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Abubaker M, Al Qasem W, Kvašňák E. Working Memory and Cross-Frequency Coupling of Neuronal Oscillations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:756661. [PMID: 34744934 PMCID: PMC8566716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.756661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is the active retention and processing of information over a few seconds and is considered an essential component of cognitive function. The reduced WM capacity is a common feature in many diseases, such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The theta-gamma neural code is an essential component of memory representations in the multi-item WM. A large body of studies have examined the association between cross-frequency coupling (CFC) across the cerebral cortices and WM performance; electrophysiological data together with the behavioral results showed the associations between CFC and WM performance. The oscillatory entrainment (sensory, non-invasive electrical/magnetic, and invasive electrical) remains the key method to investigate the causal relationship between CFC and WM. The frequency-tuned non-invasive brain stimulation is a promising way to improve WM performance in healthy and non-healthy patients with cognitive impairment. The WM performance is sensitive to the phase and rhythm of externally applied stimulations. CFC-transcranial-alternating current stimulation (CFC-tACS) is a recent approach in neuroscience that could alter cognitive outcomes. The studies that investigated (1) the association between CFC and WM and (2) the brain stimulation protocols that enhanced WM through modulating CFC by the means of the non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been included in this review. In principle, this review can guide the researchers to identify the most prominent form of CFC associated with WM processing (e.g., theta/gamma phase-amplitude coupling), and to define the previously published studies that manipulate endogenous CFC externally to improve WM. This in turn will pave the path for future studies aimed at investigating the CFC-tACS effect on WM. The CFC-tACS protocols need to be thoroughly studied before they can be considered as therapeutic tools in patients with WM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abubaker
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wiam Al Qasem
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eugen Kvašňák
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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De Freitas DJ, De Carvalho D, Paglioni VM, Brunoni AR, Valiengo L, Thome-Souza MS, Guirado VMP, Zaninotto AL, Paiva WS. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and concurrent cognitive training on episodic memory in patients with traumatic brain injury: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045285. [PMID: 34446480 PMCID: PMC8395342 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deficits in episodic memory following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common and affect independence in activities of daily living. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and concurrent cognitive training may contribute to improve episodic memory in patients with TBI. Although previous studies have shown the potential of tDCS to improve cognition, the benefits of the tDCS applied simultaneously to cognitive training in participants with neurological disorders are inconsistent. This study aims to (1) investigate whether active tDCS combined with computer-assisted cognitive training enhances episodic memory compared with sham tDCS; (2) compare the differences between active tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) and bilateral temporal cortex (BTC) on episodic memory and; (3) investigate inter and intragroup changes on cortical activity measured by quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG). METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised, parallel-group, double-blind placebo-controlled study is conducted. Thirty-six participants with chronic, moderate and severe closed TBI are being recruited and randomised into three groups (1:1:1) based on the placement of tDCS sponges and electrode activation (active or sham). TDCS is applied for 10 consecutive days for 20 min, combined with a computer-based cognitive training. Cognitive scores and qEEG are collected at baseline, on the last day of the stimulation session, and 3 months after the last tDCS session. We hypothesise that (1) the active tDCS group will improve episodic memory scores compared with the sham group; (2) differences on episodic memory scores will be shown between active BTC and lDLPFC and; (3) there will be significant delta reduction and an increase in alpha waves close to the location of the active electrodes compared with the sham group. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Ethical Institutional Review Border (CAAE: 87954518.0.0000.0068). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04540783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daglie Jorge De Freitas
- Division of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel De Carvalho
- Division of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maria Paglioni
- Division of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo, IPq HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation and Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Valiengo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo, IPq HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation and Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Sigride Thome-Souza
- Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo, IPq HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius M P Guirado
- Division of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Division of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wellingson S Paiva
- Division of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Busan P, Moret B, Masina F, Del Ben G, Campana G. Speech Fluency Improvement in Developmental Stuttering Using Non-invasive Brain Stimulation: Insights From Available Evidence. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:662016. [PMID: 34456692 PMCID: PMC8386014 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.662016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental stuttering (DS) is a disturbance of the normal rhythm of speech that may be interpreted as very debilitating in the most affected cases. Interventions for DS are historically based on the behavioral modifications of speech patterns (e.g., through speech therapy), which are useful to regain a better speech fluency. However, a great variability in intervention outcomes is normally observed, and no definitive evidence is currently available to resolve stuttering, especially in the case of its persistence in adulthood. In the last few decades, DS has been increasingly considered as a functional disturbance, affecting the correct programming of complex motor sequences such as speech. Compatibly, understanding of the neurophysiological bases of DS has dramatically improved, thanks to neuroimaging, and techniques able to interact with neural tissue functioning [e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)]. In this context, the dysfunctional activity of the cortico-basal-thalamo-cortical networks, as well as the defective patterns of connectivity, seems to play a key role, especially in sensorimotor networks. As a consequence, a direct action on the functionality of "defective" or "impaired" brain circuits may help people who stutter to manage dysfluencies in a better way. This may also "potentiate" available interventions, thus favoring more stable outcomes of speech fluency. Attempts aiming at modulating (and improving) brain functioning of people who stutter, realized by using NIBS, are quickly increasing. Here, we will review these recent advancements being applied to the treatment of DS. Insights will be useful not only to assess whether the speech fluency of people who stutter may be ameliorated by acting directly on brain functioning but also will provide further suggestions about the complex and dynamic pathophysiology of DS, where causal effects and "adaptive''/''maladaptive" compensation mechanisms may be strongly overlapped. In conclusion, this review focuses future research toward more specific, targeted, and effective interventions for DS, based on neuromodulation of brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Del Ben
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campana
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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15
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An Overview of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 49:479-492. [PMID: 34238393 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2021.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain has the innate ability to undergo neuronal plasticity, which refers to changes in its structure and functions in response to continued changes in the environment. Although these concepts are well established in animal slice preparation models, their application to a large number of human subjects could only be achieved using noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of plasticity induction using NIBS techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), random noise stimulation (RNS), transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). We briefly introduce these techniques, explain the stimulation parameters and potential clinical implications. Although their mechanisms are different, all these NIBS techniques can be used to induce plasticity at the systems level, to examine the neurophysiology of brain circuits and have potential therapeutic use in psychiatric and neurological disorders. TMS is the most established technique for the treatment of brain disorders, and repetitive TMS is an approved treatment for medication-resistant depression. Although the data on the clinical utility of the other modes of stimulation are more limited, the electrical stimulation techniques (tDCS, tACS, RNS, VNS, GVS) have the advantage of lower cost, portability, applicability at home, and can readily be combined with training or rehabilitation. Further research is needed to expand the clinical utility of NIBS and test the combination of different modes of NIBS to optimize neuromodulation induced clinical benefits.
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16
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Chota S, Marque P, VanRullen R. Occipital alpha-TMS causally modulates temporal order judgements: Evidence for discrete temporal windows in vision. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118173. [PMID: 34000403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroscience have challenged the view of conscious visual perception as a continuous process. Behavioral performance, reaction times and some visual illusions all undergo periodic fluctuations that can be traced back to oscillatory activity in the brain. These findings have given rise to the idea of a discrete sampling mechanism in the visual system. In this study we seek to investigate the causal relationship between occipital alpha oscillations and Temporal Order Judgements using neural entrainment via rhythmic TMS in 18 human subjects (9 females). We find that certain phases of the entrained oscillation facilitate temporal order perception of two visual stimuli, whereas others hinder it. Our findings support the idea that the visual system periodically compresses information into discrete packages within which temporal order information is lost. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neural entrainment via TMS serves as a valuable tool to interfere with cortical rhythms and observe changes in perception. Here, using α-rhythmic TMS-pulses, we demonstrate the effect of the phase of entrained oscillations on performance in a temporal order judgment task. In extension of previous work, we 1. causally influenced brain rhythms far more directly using TMS, and 2. showed that previous results on discrete perception cannot simply be explained by rhythmic fluctuations in visibility. Our findings support the idea that the temporal organization of visual processing is discrete rather than continuous, and is causally modulated by cortical rhythms. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing causal evidence via TMS for an endogenous periodic modulation of time perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Chota
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, 31052 Toulouse, France; CerCo, CNRS UMR 5549, 31052 Toulouse, France.
| | - Phillipe Marque
- Médicine Physique et de réadaption, CHU Rangueil, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Rufin VanRullen
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, 31052 Toulouse, France; CerCo, CNRS UMR 5549, 31052 Toulouse, France
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17
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Galli G, Miniussi C, Pellicciari MC. Transcranial electric stimulation as a neural interface to gain insight on human brain functions: current knowledge and future perspective. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 17:4-14. [PMID: 32756871 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of brain-stimulation approaches in social and affective science has greatly increased over the last two decades. The interest in social factors has grown along with technological advances in brain research. Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is a research tool that allows scientists to establish contributory causality between brain functioning and social behaviour, therefore deepening our understanding of the social mind. Preliminary evidence is also starting to demonstrate that tES, either alone or in combination with pharmacological or behavioural interventions, can alleviate the symptomatology of individuals with affective or social cognition disorders. This review offers an overview of the application of tES in the field of social and affective neuroscience. We discuss issues and challenges related to this application and suggest avenue for future basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galli
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 31, 38068 Rovereto, TN Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Pellicciari
- UniCamillus - Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131, Rome, Italy
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18
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Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on altered perception of One's own face. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:554-561. [PMID: 32289676 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic orofacial pain (COP) patients often perceive the painful face area as "swollen" without clinical signs; such self-reported illusions of the face are termed perceptual distortion (PD). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD remain elusive. OBJECTIVE To test the neuromodulatory effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on PD in healthy individuals, to gain insight into the cortical mechanisms underlying PD. METHODS PD was induced experimentally by injections of local anesthetic (LA) around the infraorbital nerve and measured as perceived size changes of the affected area. Participants were randomly allocated to inhibitory rTMS (n = 26) or sham rTMS (n = 26) group. The participants rated PD at baseline, 6 min after LA, immediately, 20 and 40 min after rTMS. The rTMS (inhibitory and sham) was applied to face (lip) representation area of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) as an intervention at 10 min after the LA, when the magnitude of PD is large. As inhibitory rTMS, continuous theta-burst stimulation paradigm (50 Hz) for 40s was employed to inhibit cortical activity. RESULTS We demonstrated a significant decrease in the magnitude of PD immediately and 20 min after the application of inhibitory rTMS compared with sham rTMS (P < 0.006). In two control experiments, we also showed that peripheral muscle stimulation and stimulation of a cortical region other than the lip representation area had no effect on the magnitude of the PD. CONCLUSIONS Inhibitory rTMS applied to a somatotopical-relevant cortical region modulates PD of the face in healthy individuals and could potentially have therapeutic implications for COP patients.
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19
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Ma Q, Geng Y, Wang HL, Han B, Wang YY, Li XL, Wang L, Wang MW. High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Cognitive Impairment and Modulates Hippocampal Synaptic Structural Plasticity in Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:235. [PMID: 31619982 PMCID: PMC6759649 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal aging is accompanied by hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment, which is a risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease. This study aims to investigate the effect of high frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) on hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in aged mice and explore its underlying mechanisms. Forty-five male Kunming mice (15 months old) were randomly divided into three groups: aged sham, 5 Hz rTMS, and 25 Hz rTMS. Two sessions of 5 Hz or 25 Hz rTMS comprising 1,000 pulses in 10 trains were delivered once a day for 14 consecutive days. The aged sham group was treated by the reverse side of the coil. In the adult sham group, 15 male Kunming mice (3 months old) were treated the same way as the aged sham group. A Morris water maze (MWM) was conducted following the stimulation, and synaptic ultrastructure was observed through a transmission electron microscope. HF-rTMS improved spatial learning and memory impairment in the aged mice, and 5 Hz was more significant than 25 Hz. Synaptic plasticity-associated gene profiles were modified by HF-rTMS, especially neurotrophin signaling pathways and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) cofactors. Compared to the aged sham group, synaptic plasticity-associated proteins, i.e., synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 were increased; brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) significantly increased after the 5 Hz HF-rTMS treatment. Collectively, our results suggest that HF-rTMS ameliorated cognitive deficits in naturally aged mice. The 5 Hz rTMS treatment significantly enhanced synaptic structural plasticity and activated the BDNF/CREB pathway in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Geng
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hua-Long Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Emergency Department, CNPC Central Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China
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20
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Zaninotto AL, El-Hagrassy MM, Green JR, Babo M, Paglioni VM, Benute GG, Paiva WS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effects on traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery: A systematic review. Dement Neuropsychol 2019; 13:172-179. [PMID: 31285791 PMCID: PMC6601308 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of chronic disability. Less than a
quarter of moderate and severe TBI patients improved in their cognition within 5
years. Non-invasive brain stimulation, including transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS), may help neurorehabilitation by boosting adaptive
neuroplasticity and reducing pathological sequelae following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Zaninotto
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Professions (MGH IHP), Boston, USA
| | - Mirret M El-Hagrassy
- Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, USA
| | - Jordan R Green
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Professions (MGH IHP), Boston, USA
| | - Maíra Babo
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Neurology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maria Paglioni
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Neurology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Wellingson Silva Paiva
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Neurology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Boosting Learning Efficacy with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Intact and Brain-Damaged Humans. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5551-5561. [PMID: 31133558 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3248-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous behavioral studies have shown that visual function can improve with training, although perceptual refinements generally require weeks to months of training to attain. This, along with questions about long-term retention of learning, limits practical and clinical applications of many such paradigms. Here, we show for the first time in female and male human participants that just 10 d of visual training coupled with transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) over visual areas causes dramatic improvements in visual motion perception. Relative to control conditions and anodal stimulation, tRNS-enhanced learning was at least twice as fast, and, crucially, it persisted for 6 months after the end of training and stimulation. Notably, tRNS also boosted learning in patients with chronic cortical blindness, leading to recovery of motion processing in the blind field after just 10 d of training, a period too short to elicit enhancements with training alone. In sum, our results reveal a remarkable enhancement of the capacity for long-lasting plastic and restorative changes when a neuromodulatory intervention is coupled with visual training.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work demonstrates that visual training coupled with brain stimulation can dramatically reduce the training period from months to weeks, and lead to fast improvement in neurotypical subjects and chronic cortically blind patients, indicating the potential of our procedure to help restore damaged visual abilities for currently untreatable visual dysfunctions. Together, these results indicate the critical role of early visual areas in perceptual learning and reveal its capacity for long-lasting plastic changes promoted by neuromodulatory intervention.
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22
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Modulating Subjective Time Perception with Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS). JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-019-00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Kiebs M, Hurlemann R, Mutz J. Cognitive effects of non-surgical brain stimulation for major depressive disorder: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023796. [PMID: 30782887 PMCID: PMC6377555 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-surgical brain stimulation techniques may be considered as alternative or add-on treatments for patients with major depressive disorder who failed to respond to pharmacological interventions. Electroconvulsive therapy has been shown to be highly effective in reducing depressive symptoms but stakeholders remain concerned about adverse cognitive effects. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation may be associated with more benign adverse effect profiles and may indeed improve certain cognitive functions such as memory and attention. To guide clinical decision-making, we will carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive effects of eight non-surgical brain stimulation techniques. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic literature search of the Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and OpenGrey will be performed. We will include both randomised clinical trials which report on at least one cognitive measure post treatment as well as non-randomised trials and pre-post intervention studies. There are no restrictions to the type of cognitive outcome measures, except that the tests are standardised and psychometrically validated. The Revised Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials (RoB 2.0) will be used to evaluate included trials. Pre-post studies will be evaluated using the quality assessment tool developed by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Meta-analysis, meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be conducted where sufficient data are available. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is needed to conduct this work. The findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018118850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kiebs
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Medical Psychology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Mutz
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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24
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Modulation of temporal resolution and speech long-latency auditory-evoked potentials by transcranial direct current stimulation in children and adolescents with dyslexia. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:873-882. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Ohmann HA, Kuper N, Wacker J. Left frontal anodal tDCS increases approach motivation depending on reward attributes. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:417-423. [PMID: 30193845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates a correlation between asymmetrical activity of frontal brain sites and approach vs. withdrawal motivation. Yet the causal status of this relationship is presently unclear. Here we examined the effect of anodal tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on approach motivation, operationalized as effort allocation during the Effort-Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT). HYPOTHESIS We expected left frontal anodal transcranial direct current simulation (tDCS) to increase participants' willingness to allocate more effort during the EEfRT. Based on previous research, we expected this effect to be strongest on trials with low probability of reward attainment. METHODS 60 right-handed neurologically and psychologically healthy participants (63% female) aged 18-35 were tested in a counterbalanced within-subject design. Participants were invited to our lab twice to complete two 15-min blocks of the EEfRT on each study day, randomly assigned to either an anodal tDCS or a SHAM condition. RESULTS No main effect of stimulation condition was found, however the interactions of stimulation condition and both probability of reward attainment and reward magnitude reached significance. These interactions indicated that left frontal anodal tDCS specifically increased the percentage of hard task choices (HTC) in trials with low probability of reward attainment and in trials with high reward magnitude. DISCUSSION The observation of an increasing effect of left frontal anodal tDCS on effort expenditure for reward as indicated by HTC supports the idea of a causal relationship between asymmetric activity of frontal brain sites and approach motivation and hints at moderating effects of task-features on the effects of tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niclas Kuper
- Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wacker
- Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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26
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Capotosto P, Baldassarre A, Sestieri C, Spadone S, Romani GL, Corbetta M. Task and Regions Specific Top-Down Modulation of Alpha Rhythms in Parietal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4815-4822. [PMID: 27600845 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha (8-12 Hz) power desynchronization is strongly associated to visual perception but has been observed in a large variety of tasks, indicating a general role in task anticipation. We previously reported in human observers that interference by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of core regions of the dorsal attention network (DAN) disrupts both anticipatory alpha desynchronization and performance during a visuospatial attention (VSA) task. Here, we test the hypothesis that alpha desynchronization is task specific, and can be selectively modulated by interfering with activity in different higher-order parietal regions. We contrast the effects of rTMS on alpha rhythms and behavior on 2 different tasks: a VSA and a semantic decision task, by targeting the posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS), a core region of the DAN, or the angular gyrus (AG), a core region of the default mode network (DMN). We found that both performance and anticipatory alpha desynchronization were affected by stimulation of IPS only during VSA, and of AG only during semantic decisions. These findings indicate the existence of multiple dedicated parietal channels for the modulation of anticipatory alpha rhythms, which in turn reflect task-specific modulation of excitability in human parieto-occipital cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Capotosto
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 33, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Antonello Baldassarre
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 33, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Carlo Sestieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 33, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Sara Spadone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 33, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), University "G. D'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 33, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neurology, Radiology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Differential effects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) on contrast sensitivity and visual acuity when combined with a short perceptual training in adults with amblyopia. Neuropsychologia 2018; 114:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Albouy P, Baillet S, Zatorre RJ. Driving working memory with frequency-tuned noninvasive brain stimulation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:126-137. [PMID: 29707781 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Frequency-tuned noninvasive brain stimulation is a recent approach in cognitive neuroscience that involves matching the frequency of transcranially applied electromagnetic fields to that of specific oscillatory components of the underlying neurophysiology. The objective of this method is to modulate ongoing/intrinsic brain oscillations, which correspond to rhythmic fluctuations of neural excitability, to causally change behavior. We review the impact of frequency-tuned noninvasive brain stimulation on the research field of human working memory. We argue that this is a powerful method to probe and understand the mechanisms of memory functions, targeting specifically task-related oscillatory dynamics, neuronal representations, and brain networks. We report the main behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes published to date, in particular, how functionally relevant oscillatory signatures in signal power and interregional connectivity yield causal changes of working memory abilities. We also present recent developments of the technique that aim to modulate cross-frequency coupling in polyrhythmic neural activity. Overall, the method has led to significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of systems neuroscience, and the role of brain oscillations in cognition and behavior. We also emphasize the translational impact of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques in the development of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Albouy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert J Zatorre
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada
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Hong I, Garrett A, Maker G, Mullaney I, Rodger J, Etherington SJ. Repetitive low intensity magnetic field stimulation in a neuronal cell line: a metabolomics study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4501. [PMID: 29576970 PMCID: PMC5853602 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation of neural tissue modulates neuronal excitability and has promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underpinning cellular and biochemical mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates the behavioural effects of low intensity repetitive magnetic stimulation (LI-rMS) at a cellular and biochemical level. We delivered LI-rMS (10 mT) at 1 Hz and 10 Hz to B50 rat neuroblastoma cells in vitro for 10 minutes and measured levels of selected metabolites immediately after stimulation. LI-rMS at both frequencies depleted selected tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites without affecting the main energy supplies. Furthermore, LI-rMS effects were frequency-specific with 1 Hz stimulation having stronger effects than 10 Hz. The observed depletion of metabolites suggested that higher spontaneous activity may have led to an increase in GABA release. Although the absence of organised neural circuits and other cellular contributors (e.g., excitatory neurons and glia) in the B50 cell line limits the degree to which our results can be extrapolated to the human brain, the changes we describe provide novel insights into how LI-rMS modulates neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hong
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Garrett
- School of Biological Sciences, Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Garth Maker
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Mullaney
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Brain Plasticity laboratory, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah J Etherington
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Prete G, D'Anselmo A, Tommasi L, Brancucci A. Modulation of Illusory Auditory Perception by Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:351. [PMID: 28676740 PMCID: PMC5476865 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test whether transcranial electrical stimulation can modulate illusory perception in the auditory domain. In two separate experiments we applied transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (anodal/cathodal tDCS, 2 mA; N = 60) and high-frequency transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (hf-tRNS, 1.5 mA, offset 0; N = 45) on the temporal cortex during the presentation of the stimuli eliciting the Deutsch's illusion. The illusion arises when two sine tones spaced one octave apart (400 and 800 Hz) are presented dichotically in alternation, one in the left and the other in the right ear, so that when the right ear receives the high tone, the left ear receives the low tone, and vice versa. The majority of the population perceives one high-pitched tone in one ear alternating with one low-pitched tone in the other ear. The results revealed that neither anodal nor cathodal tDCS applied over the left/right temporal cortex modulated the perception of the illusion, whereas hf-tRNS applied bilaterally on the temporal cortex reduced the number of times the sequence of sounds is perceived as the Deutsch's illusion with respect to the sham control condition. The stimulation time before the beginning of the task (5 or 15 min) did not influence the perceptual outcome. In accordance with previous findings, we conclude that hf-tRNS can modulate auditory perception more efficiently than tDCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Prete
- Department of Psychological Science, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Anita D'Anselmo
- Department of Psychological Science, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasi
- Department of Psychological Science, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - PescaraChieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brancucci
- Department of Psychological Science, Health and Territory, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - PescaraChieti, Italy
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Malerba P, Straudi S, Fregni F, Bazhenov M, Basaglia N. Using Biophysical Models to Understand the Effect of tDCS on Neurorehabilitation: Searching for Optimal Covariates to Enhance Poststroke Recovery. Front Neurol 2017; 8:58. [PMID: 28280482 PMCID: PMC5322214 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of worldwide disability, and up to 75% of survivors suffer from some degree of arm paresis. Recently, rehabilitation of stroke patients has focused on recovering motor skills by taking advantage of use-dependent neuroplasticity, where high-repetition of goal-oriented movement is at times combined with non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Merging the two approaches is thought to provide outlasting clinical gains, by enhancing synaptic plasticity and motor relearning in the motor cortex primary area. However, this general approach has shown mixed results across the stroke population. In particular, stroke location has been found to correlate with the likelihood of success, which suggests that different patients might require different protocols. Understanding how motor rehabilitation and stimulation interact with ongoing neural dynamics is crucial to optimize rehabilitation strategies, but it requires theoretical and computational models to consider the multiple levels at which this complex phenomenon operate. In this work, we argue that biophysical models of cortical dynamics are uniquely suited to address this problem. Specifically, biophysical models can predict treatment efficacy by introducing explicit variables and dynamics for damaged connections, changes in neural excitability, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, plasticity mechanisms, and repetitive movement, which together can represent brain state, effect of incoming stimulus, and movement-induced activity. In this work, we hypothesize that effects of tDCS depend on ongoing neural activity and that tDCS effects on plasticity may be also related to enhancing inhibitory processes. We propose a model design for each step of this complex system, and highlight strengths and limitations of the different modeling choices within our approach. Our theoretical framework proposes a change in paradigm, where biophysical models can contribute to the future design of novel protocols, in which combined tDCS and motor rehabilitation strategies are tailored to the ongoing dynamics that they interact with, by considering the known biophysical factors recruited by such protocols and their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Malerba
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sofia Straudi
- Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Center of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maxim Bazhenov
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nino Basaglia
- Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
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San-Juan D, Sarmiento CI, Hernandez-Ruiz A, Elizondo-Zepeda E, Santos-Vázquez G, Reyes-Acevedo G, Zúñiga-Gazcón H, Zamora-Jarquín CM. Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation: A Potential Risk for Genetic Generalized Epilepsy Patients (Study Case). Front Neurol 2016; 7:213. [PMID: 27965623 PMCID: PMC5124785 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a re-emergent neuromodulation technique that consists in the external application of oscillating electrical currents that induces changes in cortical excitability. We present the case of a 16-year-old female with pharmaco-resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy to 3 antiepileptic’s drugs characterized by 4 myoclonic and 20 absence seizures monthly. She received tACS at 1 mA at 3 Hz pulse train during 60 min over Fp1–Fp2 (10–20 EEG international system position) during 4 consecutive days using an Endeavor™ IOM Systems device® (Natus Medical Incorporated, Middleton, WI, USA). At the 1-month follow-up, she reported a 75% increase in seizures frequency (only myoclonic and tonic–clonic events) and developed a 24-h myoclonic status epilepticus that resolved with oral clonazepam and intravenous valproate. At the 2-month follow-up, the patient reported a 15-day seizure-free period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel San-Juan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Carlos Ignacio Sarmiento
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Autonomous Metropolitan University Campus Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axel Hernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico; Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gerardo Reyes-Acevedo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Monterrey , San Pedro Garza-García , Mexico
| | | | - Carol Marina Zamora-Jarquín
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Neuropsychology and Neuropsychopedagogy, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tatti E, Rossi S, Innocenti I, Rossi A, Santarnecchi E. Non-invasive brain stimulation of the aging brain: State of the art and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:66-89. [PMID: 27221544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Favored by increased life expectancy and reduced birth rate, worldwide demography is rapidly shifting to older ages. The golden age of aging is not only an achievement but also a big challenge because of the load of the elderly on social and medical health care systems. Moreover, the impact of age-related decline of attention, memory, reasoning and executive functions on self-sufficiency emphasizes the need of interventions to maintain cognitive abilities at a useful degree in old age. Recently, neuroscientific research explored the chance to apply Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NiBS) techniques (as transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation) to healthy aging population to preserve or enhance physiologically-declining cognitive functions. The present review will update and address the current state of the art on NiBS in healthy aging. Feasibility of NiBS techniques will be discussed in light of recent neuroimaging (either structural or functional) and neurophysiological models proposed to explain neural substrates of the physiologically aging brain. Further, the chance to design multidisciplinary interventions to maximize the efficacy of NiBS techniques will be introduced as a necessary future direction.
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Paneri B, Adair D, Thomas C, Khadka N, Patel V, Tyler WJ, Parra L, Bikson M. Tolerability of Repeated Application of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation with Limited Outputs to Healthy Subjects. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:740-754. [PMID: 27372844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety and tolerability of limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in clinical populations support a non-significant risk designation. The tolerability of long-term use in a healthy population had remained untested. OBJECTIVE We tested the tolerability and compliance of two tES waveforms, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and modulated high frequency transcranial pulsed current stimulation (MHF-tPCS) compared to sham-tDCS, applied to healthy subjects for three to five days (17-20 minutes per day) per week for up to six weeks in a communal setting. MHF-tPCS consisted of asymmetric high-frequency pulses (7-11 kHz) having a peak amplitude of 10-20 mA peak, adjusted by subject, resulting in an average current of 5-7 mA. METHOD A total of 100 treatment blind healthy subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: tDCS (n = 33), MHF-tPCS (n = 30), or sham-tDCS (n = 37). In order to test the role of waveform, electrode type and montage were fixed across tES and sham-tDCS arms: high-capacity self-adhering electrodes on the right lateral forehead and back of the neck. We conducted 1905 sessions (636 sham-tDCS, 623 tDCS, and 646 MHF-tPCS sessions) on study volunteers over a period of six weeks. RESULTS Common adverse events were primarily restricted to influences upon the skin and included skin tingling, itching, and mild burning sensations. The incidence of these events in the active tES treatment arms (MHF-tPCS, tDCS) was equivalent or significantly lower than their incidence in the sham-tDCS treatment arm. Other adverse events had a rarity (<5% incidence) that could not be significantly distinguished across the treatment groups. Some subjects were withdrawn from the study due to atypical headache (sham-tDCS n = 2, tDCS n = 2, and MHF-tPCS n = 3), atypical discomfort (sham-tDCS n = 0, tDCS n = 1, and MHF-tPCS n = 1), or atypical skin irritation (sham-tDCS n = 2, tDCS n = 8, and MHF-tPCS n = 1). The rate of compliance, elected sessions completed, for the MHF-tPCS group was significantly greater than the sham-tDCS group's compliance (p = 0.007). There were no serious adverse events in any treatment condition. CONCLUSION We conclude that repeated application of limited output tES across extended periods, limited to the hardware, electrodes, and protocols tested here, is well tolerated in healthy subjects, as previously observed in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Paneri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA
| | - Devin Adair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA
| | - Chris Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA
| | - Niranjan Khadka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA
| | - Vaishali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA
| | - William J Tyler
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
| | - Lucas Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York 10031, USA.
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Transcranial Alternating Current and Random Noise Stimulation: Possible Mechanisms. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:3616807. [PMID: 27242932 PMCID: PMC4868897 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a relatively recent method suited to noninvasively modulate brain oscillations. Technically the method is similar but not identical to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). While decades of research in animals and humans has revealed the main physiological mechanisms of tDCS, less is known about the physiological mechanisms of tACS. Method. Here, we review recent interdisciplinary research that has furthered our understanding of how tACS affects brain oscillations and by what means transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) that is a special form of tACS can modulate cortical functions. Results. Animal experiments have demonstrated in what way neurons react to invasively and transcranially applied alternating currents. Such findings are further supported by neural network simulations and knowledge from physics on entraining physical oscillators in the human brain. As a result, fine-grained models of the human skull and brain allow the prediction of the exact pattern of current flow during tDCS and tACS. Finally, recent studies on human physiology and behavior complete the picture of noninvasive modulation of brain oscillations. Conclusion. In future, the methods may be applicable in therapy of neurological and psychiatric disorders that are due to malfunctioning brain oscillations.
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Bolognini N, Zigiotto L, Carneiro MIS, Vallar G. "How Did I Make It?": Uncertainty about Own Motor Performance after Inhibition of the Premotor Cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1052-61. [PMID: 26967945 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Optimal motor performance requires the monitoring of sensorimotor input to ensure that the motor output matches current intentions. The brain is thought to be equipped with a "comparator" system, which monitors and detects the congruence between intended and actual movement; results of such a comparison can reach awareness. This study explored in healthy participants whether the cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right premotor cortex (PM) and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) can disrupt performance monitoring in a skilled motor task. Before and after tDCS, participants underwent a two-digit sequence motor task; in post-tDCS session, single-pulse TMS (sTMS) was applied to the right motor cortex, contralateral to the performing hand, with the aim of interfering with motor execution. Then, participants rated on a five-item questionnaire their performance at the motor task. Cathodal tDCS of PM (but not sham or PPC tDCS) impaired the participants' ability to evaluate their motor performance reliably, making them unconfident about their judgments. Congruently with the worsened motor performance induced by sTMS, participants reported to have committed more errors after sham and PPC tDCS; such a correlation was not significant after PM tDCS. In line with current computational and neuropsychological models of motor control and awareness, the present results show that a mechanism in the PM monitors and compares intended versus actual movements, evaluating their congruence. Cathodal tDCS of the PM impairs the activity of such a "comparator," disrupting self-confidence about own motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bolognini
- University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience.,IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Zigiotto
- University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience.,IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Vallar
- University of Milano-Bicocca and NeuroMi-Milan Centre for Neuroscience.,IRCSS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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Heimrath K, Fiene M, Rufener KS, Zaehle T. Modulating Human Auditory Processing by Transcranial Electrical Stimulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:53. [PMID: 27013969 PMCID: PMC4779894 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) has become a valuable research tool for the investigation of neurophysiological processes underlying human action and cognition. In recent years, striking evidence for the neuromodulatory effects of transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and transcranial random noise stimulation has emerged. While the wealth of knowledge has been gained about tES in the motor domain and, to a lesser extent, about its ability to modulate human cognition, surprisingly little is known about its impact on perceptual processing, particularly in the auditory domain. Moreover, while only a few studies systematically investigated the impact of auditory tES, it has already been applied in a large number of clinical trials, leading to a remarkable imbalance between basic and clinical research on auditory tES. Here, we review the state of the art of tES application in the auditory domain focussing on the impact of neuromodulation on acoustic perception and its potential for clinical application in the treatment of auditory related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburg, Germany
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Tidoni E, Candidi M. Commentary: Understanding intentions from actions: Direct perception, inference, and the roles of mirror and mentalizing systems. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 26903829 PMCID: PMC4749676 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuele Tidoni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa LuciaRome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
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Picht T. Navigierte transkranielle Magnetstimulation für präoperatives Mapping eloquenter Kortexareale. DER NERVENARZT 2015; 86:1508-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-015-4316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sale MV, Mattingley JB, Zalesky A, Cocchi L. Imaging human brain networks to improve the clinical efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:187-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Maranhão MF, Estella NM, Cury MEG, Amigo VL, Picasso CM, Berberian A, Campbell I, Schmidt U, Claudino AM. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obese females with binge eating disorder: a protocol for a double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:194. [PMID: 26265452 PMCID: PMC4533762 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder is a new category in DSM-5 and highly associated with higher body mass index. The neural mechanisms that underlie binge eating are of great interest in order to improve treatment interventions. Brain mechanisms underlying drug and food craving are suggested to be similar: for example, both are reported to be associated with increased neural activity in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex, and a diminished regulatory influence from lateral prefrontal circuits. Several studies have begun to assess the potential benefits of brain stimulation in reducing craving and addictive behaviors. Data from a study of a one-off session of transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy women identified as strong cravers and of individuals with bulimic-type eating disorders, reported a reduction in food craving and binge eating episodes. This provides support for a more extensive investigation of the potential therapeutic benefits of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Lastly, brain imaging studies and a dimensional approach, will improve understanding of the neural correlates of the disorders and of the mode of action of transcranial magnetic stimulation. METHODS/DESIGN Sixty eligible obese females, with binge eating disorder, will be randomly allocated to receive 20 sessions of transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention (n = 30) or the sham transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention (n = 30) scattered 3 days/week. Thirty eligible controls will complete the baseline assessment. The primary outcome (number of binge eating episodes) will be assed at each treatment sessions, and 8 weeks after intervention completion (follow-up). It is hypothesized that mean weekly binge-eating episodes will be reduced in the intervention group, compared to the sham group, and that the effect will be maintained at follow-up. DISCUSSION Despite the severity associated with Binge Eating Disorder, there are limited treatment options. This study is an important step in the development of more effective treatments. Importantly, the study is the first to investigating binge eating disorder using a dimensional approach, by looking at the different aspects of the disorder, such as behavioral factors, biological factors, brain circuits and chemistry. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT02180984 . Registered in July 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fernandes Maranhão
- Eating Disorder Unit, Psychiatry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Borges Lagoa, 570, 7th floor, CEP 04038-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nara Mendes Estella
- Eating Disorder Unit, Psychiatry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Borges Lagoa, 570, 7th floor, CEP 04038-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Elisa Gisbert Cury
- Eating Disorder Unit, Psychiatry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Borges Lagoa, 570, 7th floor, CEP 04038-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Veruska Lastoria Amigo
- Eating Disorder Unit, Psychiatry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Borges Lagoa, 570, 7th floor, CEP 04038-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Mollinero Picasso
- Eating Disorder Unit, Psychiatry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Borges Lagoa, 570, 7th floor, CEP 04038-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Berberian
- Laboratory Integrative Neuroscience (LiNC), Psychiatric Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3rd floor, CEP 04039-032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Iain Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorder, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorder, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Angélica Medeiros Claudino
- Eating Disorder Unit, Psychiatry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Borges Lagoa, 570, 7th floor, CEP 04038-020, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Double dissociation of working memory and attentional processes in smokers and non-smokers with and without nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2491-501. [PMID: 25721074 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has been shown to affect cortical excitability measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation in smoking and non-smoking subjects in different ways. In tobacco-deprived smokers, administration of nicotine restores compromised cortical facilitation while in non-smokers, it enhances cortical inhibition. As cortical excitability and activity are closely linked to cognitive processes, we aimed to explore whether nicotine-induced physiological alterations in non-smokers and smokers are associated with cognitive changes. Specifically, we assessed the impact of nicotine on working memory performance (n-back letter task) and on attentional processes (Stroop interference test) in healthy smokers and non-smokers. Both tasks have been shown to rely on prefrontal areas, and nicotinic receptors are relevantly involved in prefrontal function. Sixteen smoking and 16 non-smoking subjects participated in the 3-back letter task and 21 smoking and 21 non-smoking subjects in the Stroop test after the respective application of placebo or nicotine patches. The results show that working memory and attentional processes are compromised in nicotine-deprived smokers compared to non-smoking individuals. After administration of nicotine, working memory performance in smokers improved, while non-smoking subjects displayed decreased accuracy with increased number of errors. The effects have been shown to be more apparent for working memory performance than attentional processes. In summary, cognitive functions can be restored by nicotine in deprived smokers, whereas non-smokers do not gain additional benefit. The respective changes are in accordance with related effects of nicotine on cortical excitability in both groups.
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Picht T. Current and potential utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the diagnostics before brain tumor surgery. CNS Oncol 2015; 3:299-310. [PMID: 25286041 DOI: 10.2217/cns.14.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes the evolution and state-of-the-art of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for evaluation of patients with brain tumors in presumed eloquent location. Alternative noninvasive technologies for functional brain mapping are described and assessed in the context of their usability and clinical needs. In addition to the description of the current validation level and clinical application of navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor and language mapping, the manuscript highlights ongoing research efforts and provides an outlook on upcoming developments in the field of noninvasive brain mapping. Finally, the clinical rationale for presurgical noninvasive brain mapping is discussed in the light of current developments in neurosurgery.
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Gainotti G. Is the difference between right and left ATLs due to the distinction between general and social cognition or between verbal and non-verbal representations? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:296-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
Do neuronal oscillations play a causal role in brain function? In a study in this issue of PLOS Biology, Helfrich and colleagues address this long-standing question by attempting to drive brain oscillations using transcranial electrical current stimulation. Remarkably, they were able to manipulate visual perception by forcing brain oscillations of the left and right visual hemispheres into synchrony using oscillatory currents over both hemispheres. Under this condition, human observers more often perceived an inherently ambiguous visual stimulus in one of its perceptual instantiations. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying neuronal computation. They show that it is the neuronal oscillations that drive the visual experience, not the experience driving the oscillations. And they indicate that synchronized oscillatory activity groups brain areas into functional networks. This points to new ways for controlled experimental and possibly also clinical interventions for the study and modulation of brain oscillations and associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Thut
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Bonnì S, Veniero D, Mastropasqua C, Ponzo V, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M, Koch G. TMS evidence for a selective role of the precuneus in source memory retrieval. Behav Brain Res 2014; 282:70-5. [PMID: 25541040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The posteromedial cortex including the precuneus (PC) is thought to be involved in episodic memory retrieval. Here we used continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to disentangle the role of the precuneus in the recognition memory process in a sample of healthy subjects. During the encoding phase, subjects were presented with a series of colored pictures. Afterwards, during the retrieval phase, all previously presented items and a sample of new pictures were presented in black, and subjects were asked to indicate whether each item was new or old, and in the latter case to indicate the associated color. cTBS was delivered over PC, posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and vertex before the retrieval phase. The data were analyzed in terms of hits, false alarms, source errors and omissions. cTBS over the precuneus, but not over the PPC or the vertex, induced a selective decrease in source memory errors, indicating an improvement in context retrieval. All the other accuracy measurements were unchanged. These findings suggest a direct implication of the precuneus in successful context-dependent retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bonnì
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenica Veniero
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of System Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Stroke Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Antal A, Ambrus GG, Chaieb L. The impact of electrical stimulation techniques on behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2014; 5:649-659. [PMID: 26308871 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) methods are a group of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques, whereby currents are applied with intensities typically ranging between 1 and 2 mA, through the human scalp. These techniques have been shown to induce changes in cortical excitability and activity during and after the stimulation in a reversible manner. They include transcranial direct current simulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current simulation (tACS), and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS). Currently, an increasing number of studies have been published regarding the effects of tES on cognitive performance and behavior. Processes of learning and increases in cognitive performance are accompanied by changes in cortical plasticity. tES can impact upon these processes and is able to affect task execution. Many studies have been based on the accepted idea that by increasing cortical excitability (e.g., by applying anodal tDCS) or coherence of oscillatory activity (e.g., by applying tACS) an increase in performance should be detected; however, a number of studies now suggest that the basic knowledge of the mechanisms of action is insufficient to predict the outcome of applied stimulation on the execution of a cognitive or behavioral task, and so far no standard paradigms for increasing cortical plasticity changes during learning or cognitive tasks have been established. The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings with regard to the effects of tES on behavior concentrating on the motor and visual areas. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:649-659. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1319 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Antal A, Ambrus GG, Chaieb L. Toward unraveling reading-related modulations of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity in the human visual cortex. Front Psychol 2014; 5:642. [PMID: 24999339 PMCID: PMC4064701 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation using weak electrical direct currents has shown to be capable of inducing polarity-dependent diminutions or elevations in motor and visual cortical excitability. The aim of the present study was to test if reading during transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is able to modify stimulation-induced plasticity in the visual cortex. Phosphene thresholds (PTs) in 12 healthy subjects were recorded before and after 10 min of anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS in combination with reading. Reading alone decreased PTs significantly, compared to the sham tDCS condition without reading. Interestingly, after both anodal and cathodal stimulation there was a tendency toward smaller PTs. Our results support the observation that tDCS-induced plasticity is highly dependent on the cognitive state of the subject during stimulation, not only in the case of motor cortex but also in the case of visual cortex stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center - University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Géza Gergely Ambrus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center - University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany ; Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Jena, Germany
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