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Maruyama Y, Fujii N, Kawamata R, Yamada K, Ichiba Y, Kakizawa Y, Sugimoto M, Hirayama A. Intra- and inter-day variations in oral metabolites from mouth-rinsed water determined using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry metabolomics. Clin Chim Acta 2025; 565:119965. [PMID: 39284378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Collecting clinical samples without inconveniencing participants is desirable. The profile of metabolites in mouth-rinsed water is similar to that in saliva. However, the intra- and inter-day variations in unstimulated or stimulated saliva metabolites from mouth-rinsed water have yet to be clarified. Thus, we aimed to fill this research gap using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected mouth-rinsed water from 15 healthy participants at 9:00, 11:30, 14:00, and 16:30 daily for 3 days. In total, 509 metabolite concentrations from 180 samples were obtained using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Variations in each metabolite were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine at which time/day significant differences occurred after removing metabolites without significant changes using the Friedman test. RESULTS Of 167 frequently detected metabolites, 100 exhibited intra-day variations, and none exhibited inter-day variations. Intra-day variations were classified into four patterns, and the intra-day variation in each metabolite was assessed. The variations may reflect elapsed time after meals, oral cleaning, or circadian rhythms. CONCLUSION This study could serve as a reference for improving the design of future clinical trials and the accuracy of metabolome analysis of mouth-rinsed water samples collected at different dates and times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maruyama
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation. 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
| | - Narumi Fujii
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation. 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawamata
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation. 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamada
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation. 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuko Ichiba
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation. 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kakizawa
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation. 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 132-0035, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
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Hasan MM, Razu MH, Akter S, Mou SA, Islam M, Khan M. Development and validation of a non-invasive method for quantifying amino acids in human saliva. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22292-22303. [PMID: 39010921 PMCID: PMC11247435 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As an analytical matrix, saliva has superior characteristics than blood and urine. Saliva collection is, first and foremost, non-invasive, making it convenient, painless, and secure for more susceptible people. Second, it does not need professional training for medical personnel, resulting in cost-effectiveness and suitability for extensive collection in support of research. In this study, we developed a method and used it to quantify 13 salivary-free amino acid (SFAA) profiles to support the early clinical diagnosis of diseases using LC-MS/MS. Using an Intrada Amino Acid column (100 × 3 mm, 3 μm), chromatographic separation was accomplished with a binary gradient elution, and an electrospray ionisation source running in the positive ionisation mode was chosen for data collection using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Amino acids were extracted from saliva using acetonitrile. In the MRM mode, LODs and LOQs for ten amino acids were in the range of 0.06-2.50 μM and 0.19-7.58 μM, respectively, and those values were in the range of 1.00-3.00 μM and 3.00-8.50 μM, respectively, for three amino acids. Matrix-matched six-point calibration curves showed a linear correlation coefficient (r 2) of ≥0.998. Recovery experiments validated the method by spiking the control sample at three different concentration levels (5, 50 and 100 μM), and the accuracy level was 85-110%. Except for Thr and Ser, intra- (n = 3) and inter-day (n = 3) precision fell between 0.02 and 7.28. Salivary amino acids can serve as possible biomarkers for various malignancies, with fluctuations in body fluids being crucial for cancer diagnosis; therefore, examining amino acid patterns in saliva can assist in early cancer detection. LC-MS offers improved selectivity and sensitivity for non-derivatised amino acid analysis, surpassing conventional methods and offering proactive quality assurance, making it suitable for complicated sample matrices. These discoveries could be significant in investigating new pathways and cancer treatments and looking for possible AA biomarkers for other malignancies and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mamudul Hasan Razu
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sonia Akter
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akter Mou
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Minhazul Islam
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mala Khan
- Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements Dhaka Bangladesh
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Harsha Sri K, Ravisankar P, Kumar Konidala S, Srinivasa Babu P. Application of newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic study of adagrasib and pembrolizumab simultaneously in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1241:124171. [PMID: 38843708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant subtype of lung cancer, and poses a dangerous global threat. One of the current approaches of NSCLC treatment is a combination therapy of adagrasib and pembrolizumab. Accurate monitoring of these drug concentrations in biological fluids is critical for treatment efficacy. Since no method was reported for simultaneous estimation of these drugs, this study focuses on the development of a validated LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantification of Adagrasib and Pembrolizumab in rat plasma. The analytes were extracted from the biological matrix through liquid-liquid extraction techniques using acetonitrile as extraction solvent. The analytes were separated on a Waters X-bridge phenyl C18 column, with a mixture of acetonitrile: 0.1 % TFA in water (50: 50 v/v) as mobile phase at an isocratic flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a runtime of about 5 min. Adagrasib (m/z 605.12 → 201.62), Pembrolizumab (m/z 146.32 → 85.15), and Sotorasib (m/z 561.59 → 218.92) were determined by recording the mass spectra through multiple reaction monitoring in positive mode. The method was validated according to USFDA guidelines. The results demonstrate satisfactory linearity with an r2 value of 0.9998 in the ranges of 40-800 and 10-200 ng/mL, accuracy with mean percentage recovery of 95.22-98.59 % and 96.98-98.57 %, precision indicated with %RSD ranged between 0.39-1.91 % and 0.85-9.03 % for Adagrasib and Pembrolizumab respectively, and other key parameters. The developed method can determine the pharmacokinetic parameters to indicate the efficacy and safety of the drugs, and also can quantify selected drugs simultaneously in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamma Harsha Sri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P. 522213, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P. 522213, India
| | - Panchumarthy Ravisankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P. 522213, India.
| | - Sathish Kumar Konidala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P. 522213, India
| | - P Srinivasa Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, A.P. 522213, India
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Kainat R, Ahmed I, Alolaywi AM, Waheed H, Sultan ZK, Moin SF. Assessment of Salivary MMP-8 and IL-1β for the Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases in Pakistani Population. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:672-679. [PMID: 38086426 PMCID: PMC11132764 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical methods use the subjective diagnosis of periodontal diseases by visual observation that could result in differences and variability of diagnosis. The addition of specific markers could aid in the accurate diagnosis of the local population. The objective of the study was to target two of the major proteins for possible significance in such an approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 60 participants aged between 18 and 70 years. Three groups each with twenty participants were recruited into periodontitis, gingivitis, and healthy control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The samples were analyzed using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). RESULTS SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the result. Posthoc analysis by Tukey's test revealed that MMP-8 levels were higher in gingivitis and periodontitis groups as compared with healthy controls. The test also revealed that IL-1β levels were higher in the periodontitis group compared with the healthy control and gingivitis group. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance analysis showed a significant effect on probing depth in gingivitis and periodontitis patients. The mean age of periodontitis group was significantly higher than other groups. CONCLUSION Salivary biomarkers may provide useful diagnostic information and could be utilized as tests for periodontal disease screening, prognosis, and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Kainat
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Humera Waheed
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Khurshid Sultan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudia Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- Dr. Zafar H. Zaidi Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sarf EA, Dyachenko EI, Bel’skaya LV. Salivary Tryptophan as a Metabolic Marker of HER2-Negative Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:247. [PMID: 38786723 PMCID: PMC11123106 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the concentration of tryptophan (Trp) indicate a serious metabolic restructuring, which is both a cause and a consequence of many diseases. This work examines the upward change in salivary Trp concentrations among patients with breast cancer. This study involved volunteers divided into three groups: breast cancer (n = 104), non-malignant breast pathologies (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 20). In all participants, before treatment, the quantitative content of Trp in saliva was determined by capillary electrophoresis. In 20 patients with breast cancer, Trp was re-tested four weeks after surgical removal of the tumor. An increase in the Trp content in saliva in breast cancer has been shown, which statistically significantly decreases after surgical removal of the tumor. A direct correlation was found between increased Trp levels with the degree of malignancy and aggressive molecular subtypes of breast cancer, namely triple negative and luminal B-like HER2-negative. These conclusions were based on an increase in Ki-67 and an increase in Trp in HER2-negative and progesterone-negative subtypes. Factors under which an increase in Trp concentration in saliva was observed were identified: advanced stage of breast cancer, the presence of regional metastasis, low tumor differentiation, a lack of expression of HER2, estrogen and progesterone receptors and the high proliferative activity of the tumor. Thus, the determination of salivary Trp may be a valuable tool in the study of metabolic changes associated with cancer, particularly breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 644099 Omsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.I.D.)
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Szustkiewicz-Karoń A, Schönborn M, Patrycja Pasieka, Płotek A, Maga P, Gregorczyk-Maga I. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Review. Angiology 2023; 74:909-947. [PMID: 36268801 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the most serious problem in public health, there is a need for new and efficient methods for screening and early detection. In the recent literature, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been gaining recognition as sources of many potential biomarkers of various systemic diseases, mainly because of correlation between the level of some compounds in the blood and saliva and association between the composition of saliva and health status. In this review, we summarize published findings of patients with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stroke in the context of clinical utility of saliva and GCF in diagnosing and assessing CVD severity. We hypothesize that substances in saliva including inflammatory markers, enzymes, or hormones might become novel contributors to the diagnosis and screening of CVDs. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), and cortisol seem to be the most promising. However, further investigation is warranted to determine the most effective markers and methods for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Schönborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pasieka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Płotek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Porporatti AL, de Oliveira Machado CA, Alajbeg I, Alajbeg IZ, Paszynska E, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Braud A, Boucher Y. Opiorphin as a biomarker of orofacial conditions: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15533. [PMID: 37726305 PMCID: PMC10509258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to answer the following question: "Are there any differences in opiorphin biomarker concentrations between different orofacial conditions and controls?". Two reviewers searched for observational studies that evaluated the levels of opiorphin in orofacial conditions, annotated in seven main databases and three that compile gray literature. Of the 443 articles obtained initially, 8 met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analyses. Relative percentages showed a mean 24.1% higher opiorphin concentration in chronic conditions (Burning Mouth Syndrome, Oral Potentially Malignant Diseases and Temporomandibular Disorder) compared to controls; 33.2% higher opiorphin in sustained pain (Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis, Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis, Painful Oral Soft-tissue conditions); and 21.7% higher opiorphin after stimuli (Corneal Foreign Body, Capsaicin). Meta-analysis revealed a standardized mean difference of 0.62 [0.02, 1.22] in the absolute concentration of opiorphin in saliva for the chronic group compared to the control. The analogous values for the sustained group and the stimulated group were 2.24 [0.34, 4.14] and 0.43 [0.00, 0.85], respectively. No differences in opiorphin levels were found for 'after Local Anesthesia before Tooth Extraction' or for apicoectomy. Based on the available evidence, in general, a statistically higher level of opiorphin is found in orofacial conditions. Salivary opiorphin levels are elevated in chronic, persisted and acute pain conditions, presumably reflecting a physiological homeostatic adaptative response to different conditions such as stress or pain. Salivary opiorphin might therefore be used as a valuable biomarker in several oral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís Porporatti
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale (LabNOF, EA7543), Service Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-APHP, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
- GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | | | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Z Alajbeg
- Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adeline Braud
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale (LabNOF, EA7543), Service Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-APHP, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
- GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Boucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale (LabNOF, EA7543), Service Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-APHP, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
- GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Schönborn M, Gregorczyk-Maga I, Batko K, Maga M, Bogucka K, Gawlik K, Pawlica-Gosiewska D, Maga P. Angiogenic and Microvascular Status Alterations after Endovascular Revascularization of Lower Limb Arteries among Patients with Diabetic Foot Syndrome: A Prospective 12-Month Follow-Up Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5581. [PMID: 37685648 PMCID: PMC10488381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)-induced ischemia is an important component of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). The results of revascularization of the lower extremity arteries (including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [PTA]) do not always give satisfactory long-term results, which is due to many factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the alterations in selected circulating angiogenic factors and microcirculation parameters in 41 patients with DFS following PTA and analyze their relationships with clinical outcomes during 1-year follow-up. Our study revealed a general decrease in pro-angiogenic factor levels after PTA and their subsequent stabilization during subsequent observation. The results indicated a significant association between plasma circulating FGF-2 level and poor outcomes (including the incidence of restenosis/reocclusion of treated arteries) during 12 months of observation. The perioperative changes in FGF-2 showed a significant association with LDF alterations after PTA. Follow-up 1-3 months post-intervention showed a tendency towards elevated TcpO2, VEGF-A, and VEGF-R2 levels in patients free from adverse events. These results may provide a basis for further research on the potential use of selected circulating angiogenic factors for monitoring the treatment of patients with DFS following PTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Schönborn
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (P.M.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
- Clinical Department of Angiology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Batko
- Department of Research and Development, Medicine Economy Law Society (MELS) Foundation, 30-040 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mikołaj Maga
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (P.M.)
- Clinical Department of Angiology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Bogucka
- Clinical Department of Angiology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gawlik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (K.G.); (D.P.-G.)
| | - Dorota Pawlica-Gosiewska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (K.G.); (D.P.-G.)
| | - Paweł Maga
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (M.M.); (P.M.)
- Clinical Department of Angiology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
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Bel’skaya LV, Sarf EA, Loginova AI. Diagnostic Value of Salivary Amino Acid Levels in Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37623893 PMCID: PMC10456731 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review analyzed 21 scientific papers on the determination of amino acids in various types of cancer in saliva. Most of the studies are on oral cancer (8/21), breast cancer (4/21), gastric cancer (3/21), lung cancer (2/21), glioblastoma (2/21) and one study on colorectal, pancreatic, thyroid and liver cancer. The amino acids alanine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine play a leading role in the diagnosis of cancer via the saliva. In an independent version, amino acids are rarely used; the authors combine either amino acids with each other or with other metabolites, which makes it possible to obtain high values of sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, a logical and complete substantiation of the changes in saliva occurring in cancer, including changes in salivary amino acid levels, has not yet been formed, which makes it important to continue research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14 Tukhachevsky Str., 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Sarf
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14 Tukhachevsky Str., 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Alexandra I. Loginova
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 9/1 Zavertyayeva Str., 644013 Omsk, Russia;
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 12 Lenina Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
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10
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Bel'skaya LV, Sarf EA, Loginova AI, Vyushkov DM, Choi ED. Potential Diagnostic Value of Salivary Tumor Markers in Breast, Lung and Ovarian Cancer: A Preliminary Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5084-5098. [PMID: 37367072 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the content of tumor markers for breast, lung and ovarian cancer in saliva, as well as for benign diseases of the corresponding organs and in the control group, and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. Strictly before the start of treatment, saliva samples were obtained and the concentrations of tumor markers (AFP, NSE, HE4, CA15-3, CA72-4, CA125 and CEA) were determined using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). CA125 and HE4 were simultaneously determined to be in the blood serum of patients with ovarian cancer. The concentrations of salivary CEA, NSE, CA15-3, CA72-4 and CA125 of the control group were significantly lower than in oncological diseases; however, these tumor markers also increased in saliva with benign diseases. The content of tumor markers depends on the stage of cancer, and the presence of lymph node metastasis; however, the identified patterns are statistically unreliable. The determination of HE4 and AFP in saliva was not informative. In general, the area of potential use of tumor markers in saliva is extremely narrow. Thus, CEA may be diagnostic for breast and lung cancer, but not for ovarian cancer. CA72-4 is most informative for ovarian mucinous carcinoma. None of the markers showed significant differences between malignant and non-malignant pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Bel'skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Omsk State Medical University, 12, Lenina Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Sarf
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra I Loginova
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 9/1, Zavertyayeva Str., 644013 Omsk, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 12, Lenina Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry M Vyushkov
- Clinical Oncology Dispensary, 9/1, Zavertyayeva Str., 644013 Omsk, Russia
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 12, Lenina Str., 644099 Omsk, Russia
| | - En Djun Choi
- Clinic Lekar, 14/4, Presnensky Val Str., 107031 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Gregorczyk-Maga I, Szustkiewicz-Karoń A, Gajda M, Kapusta M, Maga W, Schönborn M. The Concentration of Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Compared to Plasma in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1596. [PMID: 37371691 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated various biomarkers in relation to peripheral artery disease (PAD) for disease stratification and early-onset detection. In PAD, angiogenesis is required for tissue restoration and tissue perfusion. Considering changes in angiogenesis in patients with PAD, angiogenic factors could be explored as one of the new prognostic molecules. In recent studies, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have gained recognition as new, easily obtained diagnostic materials. This study aimed to compare the levels of selected circulating angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, and ANG-1) in unstimulated whole saliva (WS) and GCF versus plasma at three points in time to find possible correlations between their concentrations among patients with PAD and diabetes type 2 in 32 patients with Rutherford stages 5 and 6. A significant positive correlation has been demonstrated between circulating PDGF-BB levels in GCF and plasma. In most cases, comorbidities do not have an impact on the change in general correlation for the whole group. Our results clearly showed that GCF could be a good source for PDGF assessment. However, future studies with a larger number of subjects are warranted to confirm this finding and identify the most accurate angiogenic biomarkers in saliva or GCF that could be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Gajda
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kapusta
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Martyna Schönborn
- Department of Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
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12
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O'Sullivan EM, Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic Identification of Saliva Proteins as Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarkers. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2596:147-167. [PMID: 36378438 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many biomedically relevant biomarkers are proteins with characteristic biochemical properties and a relatively restricted subcellular distribution. The comparative and mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of body fluids can be particularly instrumental for the targeted identification of novel protein biomarkers with pathological relevance. In this respect, new research efforts in biomarker discovery focus on the systematic mapping of the human saliva proteome, as well as the pathobiochemical identification of disease-related modifications or concentration changes in specific saliva proteins. As a product of exocrine secretion, saliva can be considered an ideal source for the biochemical identification of new disease indicators. Importantly, saliva represents a body fluid that is continuously available for diagnostic and prognostic assessments. This chapter gives an overview of saliva proteomics, including a discussion of the usefulness of both liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for efficient protein separation in saliva proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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13
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Chaiben CL, Macedo NF, Batista TBD, Penteado CAS, Ventura TMO, Dionizio A, Souza PHC, Buzalaf MAR, Azevedo-Alanis LR. Salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders in people with a crack cocaine use disorder. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220480. [PMID: 37194792 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of cocaine and its main derivative, crack, can cause some systemic effects that may lead to the development of some oral disorders. To assess the oral health of people with a crack cocaine use disorder and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. A total of 40 volunteers hospitalized for rehabilitation for crack cocaine addiction were enrolled; nine were randomly selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination, report of DMFT, gingival and plaque index, xerostomia, and non-stimulated saliva collection were performed. A list of proteins identified was generated from the UniProt database and manually revised. The mean age (n=40) was 32 (±8.88; 18-51) years; the mean DMFT index was 16±7.70; the mean plaque and gingival index were 2.07±0.65 and 2.12±0.64, respectively; and 20 (50%) volunteers reported xerostomia. We identified 305 salivary proteins (n=9), of which 23 were classified as candidate for biomarkers associated with 14 oral disorders. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n=7) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n=7), followed by periodontitis (n=6). People with a crack cocaine use disorder had an increased risk of dental caries and gingival inflammation; less than half had oral mucosal alterations, and half experienced xerostomia. As possible biomarkers for 14 oral disorders, 23 salivary proteins were identified. Oral cancer and periodontal disease were the most often associated disorders with biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassiano Lima Chaiben
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Nayara Flores Macedo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Thiago Beltrami Dias Batista
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Carlos Antonio Schaffer Penteado
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Talita M O Ventura
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Henrique Couto Souza
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Luciana Reis Azevedo-Alanis
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Escola de Ciências da Vida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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14
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Advances in the Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Progression of Oral Cancer through Saliva: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2739869. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2739869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of cancer, and in particular oral cancer, has been a priority objective of study in recent years. Saliva has been proposed as an easy-to-obtain means of providing the necessary information to diagnose malignant lesions in the oral cavity, since it can be obtained very easily and completely noninvasively. There are a number of molecules, known as biomarkers, which may be involved in the malignant transformation of oral lesions, and which have different natures. The involvement of proteins (“proteomics”), metabolites (“metabolomics”), and even certain genes in the structural changes of altered tissue has been investigated in order to establish validated parameters for the early diagnosis of oral cancer. In addition, the development of new analytical assay methods that can reduce costs and obtain better results in terms of sensitivity and specificity has been a key point in recent research in this field. Even though there are numerous biomarkers with results showing high sensitivity and specificity, there is still a need for more studies, with a larger sample and with analytical methods that can constitute a real advance in time and cost. Although salivary biomarkers are a promising new diagnostic tool for oral cancer, for the moment they do not replace biopsy as the “gold standard”.
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15
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DaSilva AF, Robinson MA, Shi W, McCauley LK. The Forefront of Dentistry-Promising Tech-Innovations and New Treatments. JDR Clin Trans Res 2022; 7:16S-24S. [PMID: 36121134 PMCID: PMC9793430 DOI: 10.1177/23800844221116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This article discusses innovations in technology and treatments that have enormous potential to revolutionize our dental care, including novel concepts in electronic health records, communication between dentists and patients, biologics around diagnosis and treatment, digital dentistry, and, finally, the real-time optimization of information technology. The early implementation and validation of these innovations can drive down their costs and provide better dental and medical services to all members of our society.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F DaSilva
- Learning Health Systems, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M A Robinson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Education, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W Shi
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L K McCauley
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Wei Y, Shi M, Nie Y, Wang C, Sun F, Jiang W, Hu W, Wu X. Integrated analysis of the salivary microbiome and metabolome in chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A pilot study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959416. [PMID: 36225347 PMCID: PMC9549375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study was designed to identify the salivary microbial community and metabolic characteristics in patients with generalized periodontitis. A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 13 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 13 patients with chronic periodontitis (ChP), and 10 subjects with periodontal health (PH). The microbiome was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and the metabolome was accessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation between microbiomes and metabolomics was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation method. Our results revealed that the salivary microbial community and metabolite composition differed significantly between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Striking differences were found in the composition of salivary metabolites between AgP and ChP. The genera Treponema, Peptococcus, Catonella, Desulfobulbus, Peptostreptococcaceae_[XI] ([G-2], [G-3] [G-4], [G-6], and [G-9]), Bacteroidetes_[G-5], TM7_[G-5], Dialister, Eikenella, Fretibacterium, and Filifactor were present in higher levels in patients with periodontitis than in the healthy participants. The biochemical pathways that were significantly different between ChP and AgP included pyrimidine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; citrate cycle; and arginine and proline metabolism. The differential metabolites between ChP and AgP groups, such as urea, beta-alanine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, and thymine, showed the most significant correlations with the genera. These differential microorganisms and metabolites may be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the occurrence and development of periodontitis through the utilization of non-invasive and convenient saliva samples. This study reveals the integration of salivary microbial data and metabolomic data, which provides a foundation to further explore the potential mechanism of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wei
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Nie
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie Hu,
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Fretwurst T, Tritschler I, Rothweiler R, Nahles S, Altmann B, Schilling O, Nelson K. Proteomic profiling of human bone from different anatomical sites - A pilot study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2022; 16:e2100049. [PMID: 35462455 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aim is a comparative proteome-based analysis of different autologous bone entities (alveolar bone [AB], iliac cortical [IC] bone, and iliac spongiosa [IS]) used for alveolar onlay grafting. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Site-matched bone samples of AB, IC, and IS were harvested during alveolar onlay grafting. Proteins were extracted using a detergent-based (sodium dodecyl sulfate) strategy and trypsinized. Proteome analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MaxQuant was used for peptide-to-spectrum matching, peak detection, and quantitation. Linear models for microarray analysis (LIMMA) were used to detect differentially abundant peptides and proteins. RESULTS A total of 1730 different proteins were identified across the 15 samples at a false discovery rate of 1%. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis approved segregation of AB, IC, and IS protein profiles. LIMMA statistics highlighted 66 proteins that were more abundant in AB then in IC (vs. 92 proteins were enriched in IC over AB). Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed a matrisomal versus an immune-related proteome fingerprint in AB versus IC. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This pilot study demonstrates an ECM protein-related proteome fingerprint in AB and an immune-related proteome fingerprint in IS and IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery/Translational Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - René Rothweiler
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery/Translational Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,G.E.R.N Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery/Translational Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Vagner VD, Sarf EA, Belskaya LV, Korshunov AS, Kuryatnikov KN, Bondar AA, Meloyan AD, Maksimenko KA, Kasiy MN. Prognostic significance of oral fluid fluoride measurement in acute pericoronitis. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oral fluid is a valuable substrate for assessing dental health and other aspects of physical status. New methods for early diagnosis and prognosis of dental diseases on the basis of oral fluid composition are in constant demand. Excessive fluoride concentrations, often oversighted by dental therapists, negatively affect organs and tissues of the oral cavity. This study aimed at development and approbation of a method for reliable measurement of fluoride ions in oral fluid by capillary electrophoresis to be used in patients with dental diseases. The fluoride ion concentrations were measured in health (2.16 ± 0.48 mg/L), in isolated acute pericoronitis (15.2 ± 2.7 mg/L) and in acute pericoronitis combined to multiple caries (18.9 ± 4.2 mg/L). By post-operative day 3, fluoride levels in the group with isolated acute pericoronitis dropped to normal values (2.28 ± 0.52 mg/L), whereas in the group with acute pericoronitis combined to multiple caries fluoride levels remained high (8.7 ± 1.9 mg/L; р < 0.0001). The developed protocol is efficient for studying fluoride ion concentrations in isolated and combined dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- VD Vagner
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - EA Sarf
- Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk, Russia
| | - LV Belskaya
- Omsk State Pedagogical University, Omsk, Russia
| | | | | | - AA Bondar
- Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
| | - AD Meloyan
- Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
| | | | - MN Kasiy
- Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia
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19
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«Salivaomics» of Different Molecular Biological Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3053-3074. [PMID: 35877435 PMCID: PMC9319144 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the metabolic characteristics of saliva depending on the molecular biological subtype of breast cancer, as well as depending on the expression levels of HER2, estrogen receptors (ER), and progesterone receptors (PR). The study included 487 patients with morphologically verified breast cancer and 298 volunteers without breast pathologies. Saliva samples were obtained from all patients strictly before the start of treatment and the values of 42 biochemical indicators were determined. It has been established that the saliva of healthy volunteers and patients with various molecular biological subtypes of breast cancer differs in 12 biochemical indicators: concentrations of protein, urea, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, total amino acid content, and activity of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, catalase, amylase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidases. The saliva composition of patients with basal-like breast cancer differs from other subtypes in terms of the maximum number of indicators. Changes in biochemical indicators indicated an increase in the processes of lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication and a weakening of antioxidant protection, which correlates with the severity of the disease and the least favorable prognosis for this subtype of breast cancer. An analysis was made of the individual contribution of the expression level of HER2, estrogen, and progesterone receptors to changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. The HER2 (−)/HER2 (+) group, which should be considered as a single group, as well as ER-positive breast cancer, differ statistically significantly from the control group. For ER/PR-positive breast cancer, a more favorable ratio of saliva biochemical indicators was also noted compared to ER/PR-negative breast cancer.
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20
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Bazarnyi VV, Sidenkova AP, Sosnin DY. Lactoferrin of oral fluid is normal and in Alzheimer's disease: laboratory and diagnostic aspects (review of literature). Klin Lab Diagn 2022; 67:207-212. [PMID: 35575393 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-4-207-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the clinical value of determining the lactoferrin protein in oral fluid - one of the representatives of the saliva proteome. The review is based on the analysis of modern literature, including systematic reviews, the results of multicenter prospective studies, review and original articles by leading experts in this field, presented in the databases PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka. The problems of the preanalytical stage, methods for determining lactoferrin are highlighted and information about its content in mixed saliva according to various authors is provided. Special attention is paid to the clinical and diagnostic value of the level of salivary lactoferrin in Alzheimer's disease. According to most authors, the diagnostic sensitivity of this parameter ranges from 87 to 100%. Some mechanisms of the relationship between this protein and the central nervous system (CNS) are shown. In conclusion, it is concluded that salivary lactoferrin can be an "indicator" of the formation of amyloid plaques and can be considered as one of the reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. This opinion is based both on fundamental ideas about the global relationship between innate immunity and the central nervous system, and on clinical data. The special advantage of this laboratory test is its non-invasiveness, which makes it more preferable in comparison with the determination of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood.
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21
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A comparative proteomic analysis to define the influencing factors on gingival crevicular fluid using LC-MS/MS. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104421. [PMID: 34801745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a promising biofluid for disease identification and biomarker searching in periodontology. This study aimed to investigate the possible influencing factors, including tooth site, sex and age, on the normal GCF proteome. Forty periodontal healthy adults were randomly divided into a training group and a testing group. In the training group, GCF samples from 12 adults were analyzed using the iTRAQ 2D LC-MS/MS method. The influencing factors, tooth site (including periodontitis-susceptible and -insusceptible tooth sites), sex and age, and related differential proteins were defined and functionally annotated. The important differential proteins from 28 adults in the testing group were then validated by PRM analysis. An average of approximately 5 differential proteins were found between tooth sites of periodontitis-susceptible and -insusceptible sites. Eighty-five differentially expressed proteins were obtained between sexes in the young group, while only 7 sex-associated proteins were found in the old group. A total of 203 and 235 age-associated proteins were found in the male and female groups, respectively. The differential protein functional annotation showed that sex-related proteins were mainly related to immune function and metabolism, and age-related proteins were primarily associated with inflammation, lipid metabolism and immune function. In the testing group, a total of 4 sex-related proteins and 12 age-related proteins were validated by PRM analysis. SIGNIFICANCE: The influences of tooth site, sex and age in GCF proteomics in periodontal health were firstly analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Tooth site showed a small influence on the GCF proteome. The sex effect was significant in young adults, but its influence in old adults is small. Age is an important impact factor for the GCF proteome. These findings enrich the knowledge about the normal GCF proteome and might benefit future disease analyses.
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22
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Fixed Prosthetic Restorations and Periodontal Health: A Narrative Review. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010015. [PMID: 35225978 PMCID: PMC8883934 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal health plays an important role in the longevity of prosthodontic restorations. The issues of comparative assessment of prosthetic constructions are complicated and not fully understood. The aim of this article is to review and present the current knowledge regarding the various technical, clinical, and molecular aspects of different prosthetic biomaterials and highlight the interactions between periodontal health and prosthetic restorations. Articles on periodontal health and fixed dental prostheses were searched using the keywords “zirconium”, “CAD/CAM”, “dental ceramics”, “metal–ceramics”, “margin fit”, “crown”, “fixed dental prostheses”, “periodontium”, and “margin gap” in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Further search criteria included being published in English, and between January 1981 and September 2021. Then, relevant articles were selected, included, and critically analyzed in this review. The margin of discrepancy results in the enhanced accumulation of dental biofilm, microleakage, hypersensitivity, margin discoloration, increased gingival crevicular fluid flow (GCF), recurrent caries, pulp infection and, lastly, periodontal lesion and bone loss, which can lead to the failure of prosthetic treatment. Before starting prosthetic treatment, the condition of the periodontal tissues should be assessed for their oral hygiene status, and gingival and periodontal conditions. Zirconium-based restorations made from computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology provide better results, in terms of marginal fit, inflammation reduction, maintenance, and the restoration of periodontal health and oral hygiene, compared to constructions made by conventional methods, and from other alloys. Compared to subgingival margins, supragingival margins offer better oral hygiene, which can be maintained and does not lead to secondary caries or periodontal disease.
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23
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Maruyama Y, Nishimoto Y, Umezawa K, Kawamata R, Ichiba Y, Tsutsumi K, Kimura M, Murakami S, Kakizawa Y, Kumagai T, Yamada T, Fukuda S. Comparison of oral metabolome profiles of stimulated saliva, unstimulated saliva, and mouth-rinsed water. Sci Rep 2022; 12:689. [PMID: 35027617 PMCID: PMC8758762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva includes a substantial amount of biological information, which has enabled us to understand the relationship between oral metabolites and various oral and systemic disorders. However, collecting saliva using a controlled protocol is time-consuming, making saliva an unsuitable analyte in large cohort studies. Mouth-rinsed water (MW), the water used to rinse the mouth, can be collected easily in less time with less difference between subjects than saliva and could be used as an alternative in oral metabolome analyses. In this study, we investigated the potential of MW collection as an efficient alternative to saliva sample collection for oral metabolome profiling. MW, stimulated saliva, and unstimulated saliva were collected from 10 systemically healthy participants. The samples were subjected to metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the types and amounts of metabolites in the samples were compared. Qualitatively, MW contained the same metabolites as unstimulated and stimulated saliva. While the quantity of the metabolites did not drastically change between the sampling methods, all three reflected individual differences, and the features of MW were the same as those of the unstimulated saliva. Overall, these results suggest that MW may be an appropriate alternative to saliva in oral metabolome profile analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Maruyama
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishimoto
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kouta Umezawa
- Hiyoshi Oral Health Clinics, 2-1-16 Hiyoshi-cho, Sakata, Yamagata, 998-0037, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawamata
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Yuko Ichiba
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumi
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kimura
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Murakami
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kakizawa
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation, 7-2-1 Hirai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 132-0035, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumagai
- Hiyoshi Oral Health Clinics, 2-1-16 Hiyoshi-cho, Sakata, Yamagata, 998-0037, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Metabologenomics, Inc., 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan. .,Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan. .,Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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24
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Harpaldas H, Arumugam S, Campillo Rodriguez C, Kumar BA, Shi V, Sia SK. Point-of-care diagnostics: recent developments in a pandemic age. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4517-4548. [PMID: 34778896 PMCID: PMC8860149 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of developments in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic. We review these advances within the framework of a holistic POC ecosystem, focusing on points of interest - both technological and non-technological - to POC researchers and test developers. Technologically, we review design choices in assay chemistry, microfluidics, and instrumentation towards nucleic acid and protein detection for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and away from the lab bench, developments that supported the unprecedented rapid development, scale up, and deployment of POC devices. We describe common features in the POC technologies that obtained Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for nucleic acid, antigen, and antibody tests, and how these tests fit into four distinct POC use cases. We conclude with implications for future pandemics, infectious disease monitoring, and digital health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Harpaldas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Siddarth Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Bhoomika Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Vivian Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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25
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Kang Y, Chen J, Li X, Luo M, Chen H, Cui B, Wang L, Lv D, Feng Y, Zhang P. Salivary KLK5 and uPA are potential biomarkers for malignant transformation of OLK and OLP. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:317-328. [PMID: 33896830 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) usually originates from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), such as oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral lichen planus (OLP). Identifying biomarkers for the early diagnosis and evaluation of malignant transformation in OPMD could improve the survival rate of OSCC patients. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to screen for potential salivary biomarkers for evaluating the malignant transformation of OPMD. METHODS Salivary proteases from OLK and OSCC patients or healthy donors and proteases in cultural medium from DOK and Cal-27 cells were detected with a human protease array kit. The concentrations of the salivary Kallikrein 5 (KLK5) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) proteases were measured by ELISA. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to determine the potential value of these proteases in clinical diagnosis were calculated using SPSS software. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the KLK5 and uPA expression in the oral organizations. RESULTS The salivary protease spectrum was different among patients with OLK and OSCC and healthy donors. KLK5 and uPA levels in saliva tended to increase as the disease progressed (healthy < OPMD [OLK and OLP] < OSCC). ROC curves showed the optimum diagnostic cutoffs for KLK5 as a biomarker for OLK, OLP, and OSCC were 5.97, 6.03, and 9.45 pg/mL, respectively, while the cutoffs for uPA were 17.19, 17.26, and 20.96 pg/mL. Their combined analysis showed a higher sensitivity for the differential diagnosis of disease. Furthermore, higher levels of KLK5 and uPA were observed in OSCC tissues than in OLK and OLP. CONCLUSIONS Salivary KLK5 and uPA are potential biomarkers for evaluating OLK and OLP malignant transformation and early diagnosis of OSCC.
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26
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Heboyan A, Manrikyan M, Zafar MS, Rokaya D, Nushikyan R, Vardanyan I, Vardanyan A, Khurshid Z. Bacteriological Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Teeth Restored Using Fixed Dental Prostheses: An In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115463. [PMID: 34067261 PMCID: PMC8196846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present in vivo study determined the microbiological counts of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among patients with fixed dental prostheses fabricated using three different techniques. A total of 129 subjects were divided into three study groups: first, cobalt-chrome-based, metal-ceramic prostheses fabricated by the conventional method (MC, n = 35); the second group consisted of cobalt-chrome-based, metal-ceramic prostheses fabricated by the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique (CC-MC, n = 35); the third group comprised zirconia-based ceramic prostheses fabricated using the CAD/CAM technique (CC-Zr, n = 35). The control consisted of 24 patients using prostheses fabricated with either MC, CC-MC, or CC-Zr. The GCF was obtained from the subjects before treatment, and 6 and 12 months after the prosthetic treatment. Bacteriological and bacterioscopic analysis of the GCF was performed to analyze the patients’ GCF. The data were analyzed using SPSS V20 (IBM Company, Chicago, IL, USA). The number of microorganisms of the gingival crevicular fluid in all groups at 12 months of prosthetic treatment reduced dramatically compared with the data obtained before prosthetic treatment. Inflammatory processes in the periodontium occurred slowly in the case of zirconium oxide-based ceramic constructions due to their biocompatibility with the mucous membranes and tissues of the oral cavity as well as a reduced risk of dental biofilm formation. This should be considered by dentists and prosthodontists when choosing restoration materials for subjects with periodontal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (D.R.); Tel.: +374-93211221 (A.H.)
| | - Mikayel Manrikyan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Walailak University International College of Dentistry, Walailak University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (D.R.); Tel.: +374-93211221 (A.H.)
| | - Ruzan Nushikyan
- Davidyants Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, GYSANE Limited Liability Company, Yerevan 0054, Armenia;
| | - Izabella Vardanyan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (M.M.); (I.V.)
| | - Anna Vardanyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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27
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Warsi I, Khurshid Z, Shazam H, Umer MF, Imran E, Khan MO, Slowey PD, Goodson JM. Saliva Exhibits High Sensitivity and Specificity for the Detection of SARS-COV-2. Diseases 2021; 9:38. [PMID: 34065171 PMCID: PMC8161819 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to assess the application of a multitude of effective diagnostic specimens for conducting mass testing, for accurate diagnosis and to formulate strategies for its prevention and control. As one of the most versatile and amenable specimen options, saliva offers great advantages for widespread screening strategies due to its non-invasive properties, cost-effectiveness, excellent stability and minimal risk of cross-infection. This review attempts to outline the scientific rationale for detection of SARS-COV-2 in saliva specimens. By combining the data obtained from ten chosen published clinical studies, we calculated the pooled sensitivity and specificity using an online calculator. Through evidence, we established that SARS-COV-2 is detectable in saliva with a high degree of diagnostic sensitivity (87%) and specificity (98%). We also presented a review of emerging technologies approved by the FDA for detection of SARS-COV-2 in oral fluids (saliva and sputum) using polymerase chain reaction methods. Given the challenges involved in obtaining invasive specimens from the naso- and oropharynx, saliva can serve as an easy to collect diagnostic specimen for screening in the work environment, schools and for home testing. Furthermore, saliva offers the opportunity to screen early cases that can be missed by invasive sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Warsi
- Medical Sciences in Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamda Shazam
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi 74700, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Farooq Umer
- Al-Shifa School of Public Health, Al-Shifa Trust, Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Eisha Imran
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Medical Sciences, HITEC Dental College, Taxilla 751010, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Owais Khan
- Dow International Dental College (DIDC), Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Paul Desmond Slowey
- Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Oasis Diagnostics® Corporation, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - J. Max Goodson
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Patil S, Testarelli L. Assessment of Growth Factors, Cytokines, and Cellular Markers in Saliva of Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102964. [PMID: 34067581 PMCID: PMC8157075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. Saliva was collected from TN and healthy subjects. Salivary cells were isolated by centrifugation. The expression of the cell surface marker was analyzed by flow cytometry. A cytometric bead array was done to measure the levels of cytokines and growth factors on the flow cytometer. Saliva from TN subjects showed lower growth factor levels of Angiopoietin-2, bFGF, HGF, SCF, TGF-α, and VEGF and higher cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, IL-17A, IL-6, and CXCL8, as well as higher expression levels of chemokine receptors CCR1 (CD191), CR3 (CD11b), CCR2 (CD192), CXCR5 (CD185), and CCR5 (CD196) in the cells from TN saliva. A certain set of cytokines and growth factors in the saliva, as well as chemokine receptors on salivary cells, could be a useful tool in the diagnostics and prognostics of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the significant pathological conditions in the class of chronic diseases around the world. Many targeted approaches are being tried by various research groups to utilize the information of the inflammatory microenvironment to resolve the pathology of chronic TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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29
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Immunomodulatory Expression of Cathelicidins Peptides in Pulp Inflammation and Regeneration: An Update. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:116-126. [PMID: 34068275 PMCID: PMC8929016 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammatory mediators in dental pulp is unique. The local environment of pulp responds to any changes in the physiology that are highly fundamental, like odontoblast cell differentiation and other secretory activity. The aim of this review is to assess the role of cathelicidins based on their capacity to heal wounds, their immunomodulatory potential, and their ability to stimulate cytokine production and stimulate immune-inflammatory response in pulp and periapex. Accessible electronic databases were searched to find studies reporting the role of cathelicidins in pulpal inflammation and regeneration published between September 2010 and September 2020. The search was performed using the following databases: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and PubMed. The electronic search was performed using the combination of keywords "cathelicidins" and "dental pulp inflammation". On the basis of previous studies, it can be inferred that LL-37 plays an important role in odontoblastic cell differentiation and stimulation of antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, based on these outcomes, it can be concluded that LL-37 plays an important role in reparative dentin formation and provides signaling for defense by activating the innate immune system.
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30
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Hirtz C, O'Flynn R, Voisin PM, Deville de Périère D, Lehmann S, Guedes S, Amado F, Ferreira R, Trindade F, Vitorino R. The potential impact of salivary peptides in periodontitis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 58:479-492. [PMID: 33849374 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1907298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex immune-inflammatory condition characterized by the disruption of the periodontal ligament and subsequent formation of periodontal pockets, and by alveolar bone loss, often resulting in tooth loss. A myriad of factors, namely, genetic, metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory, is associated with progression of periodontitis. Periodontitis is also associated with systemic conditions such as neoplastic disorders, obesity, and diabetes. The current diagnosis of this disease relies on clinical measurements such as clinical attachment loss and probing depth, which have poor precision due to patient, operator and probe-related factors. Thus, there is a need to develop reliable, objective, and reproducible biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis. In this regard, saliva, with contributions from the gingival crevicular fluid, holds great potential. However, most of the information on biomarkers of periodontium-related salivary proteins has come from studies on the molecular pathogenesis of periodontitis. In periodontitis, a more holistic approach, such as the use of -omics technologies, for biomarker discovery, is needed. Herein, we review the biomarkers proposed to date for the assessment of periodontitis, with emphasis on the role of salivary peptides in periodontitis and their assessment by high-throughput saliva proteomics. We also discuss the challenges pertaining to the identification of new periodontitis biomarkers in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin O'Flynn
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sofia Guedes
- REQUIMTE-QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- REQUIMTE-QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- REQUIMTE-QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fábio Trindade
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,UnIC - Unidade de Investigação & Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,UnIC - Unidade de Investigação & Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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31
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Almulhim B, Alassaf A, Alghamdi S, Alroomy R, Aldhuwayhi S, Aljabr A, Mallineni SK. Dentistry Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Among the Saudi Arabian Dental Students. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654524. [PMID: 33898488 PMCID: PMC8058223 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The recent pandemic outbreak has created a huge impact on dentistry. Dental students and dental professionals are at a higher risk because dental practice comprises close communication and widespread exposure to blood, saliva, and other body fluids. It is imperative to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions regarding Coronavirus (COVID-19) among budding dentists. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of dental students regarding dental practices during COVID-19. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire consisting of demographic, knowledge, and attitude-based questions were circulated among the study population, and the responses for the knowledge and attitude were scored. Their mean scores were then calculated. Chi-square test and nonparametric tests were computed using SPSS version 21 software, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: 388 undergraduate dental students have participated in the study from Saudi Arabia. 68% of the respondents believed that they had sufficient knowledge regarding COVID-19. The mean score for knowledge was 5.84 out of 7. Females (6.24) scored statistically significantly higher than males (5.55, p < = 0.001). The mean attitude score was 6.34 out of 9. 93% were using PPE models, while 95% maintained social distancing. Out of all the participating dental students, only 16% were willing to treat patients during the pandemic, and 28% did not want to treat patients, 28% preferred teledentistry. The majority (44%) of dental undergraduates were willing to handle only emergency cases. Conclusion: Accurate knowledge and attitude regarding COVID-19 and diversified opinion on preventive practices during the pandemic period among budding dental professionals evident from Saudi Arabia. Mixed opinions were witnessed among them in seeking help from professional societies. The majority of dental undergraduates were willing to handle only emergency cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basim Almulhim
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alassaf
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Alghamdi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh Alroomy
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Aldhuwayhi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Aljabr
- Department of Medical Education, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Bartonella henselae Antibodies in Serum and Oral Fluid Specimens from Cats. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030329. [PMID: 33799577 PMCID: PMC8001045 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats are the primary reservoir host for Bartonella henselae(B. henselae), an etiological agent of human bartonellosis, including cat scratch disease. Although Bartonella DNA has been amplified from salivary swabs from cats, dogs and humans, we are not aware of studies investigating Bartonella antibodies in oral fluid (OF). Using inhouse and commercial immunofluorescence antibody assays (IFA), the objective of this study was to detect and compare antibodies against B. henselae in paired OF and serum specimens from cats. Specimens were collected from shelter and client-owned cats. For serum specimens, B. henselae seroreactivity was 78% for both the inhouse and commercial IFA assays and 56.8% for OF specimens. Comparing serum and OF specimens, there was moderate Kappa agreement (Cohen's k = 0.434) for detection of B. henselae antibodies. Oral fluid antibodies were more likely measurable in cats with high B. henselae serum antibody titers when compared with low antibody titers. In conclusion, B. henselae OF IFA antibody measurements were less sensitive compared to serum IFA measurements of ≥1:64. Oral fluid antibodies were detected more often in cats with high B. henselae serum antibody titers. Therefore, OF antibodies, detectable by IFA, is of limited utility for epidemiological or diagnostic testing in cats.
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33
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Bibi T, Khurshid Z, Rehman A, Imran E, Srivastava KC, Shrivastava D. Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF): A Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of Periodontal Health and Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051208. [PMID: 33668185 PMCID: PMC7956529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The methodologies applicable for the evaluation of periodontal associated diseases are constantly evolving to provide quick, realistic, and scientifically proven results. Trends in the past followed a clinical evaluation of periodontal tissues and radiographic-based reports that formed the foundation for detection of diseases involving the structures supporting the teeth. As the confines and limitations of conventional strategies became obvious over the passage of time, hand in hand variety of techniques have evolved and experimentally justified. These improvisations are based on an improved understanding of the periodontal-pathogenic cascade. Periodontal pathogenesis and a paradigm shift from disease understanding to disease prevention and treatment entail few prerequisites that demand the objectivity of diagnostics procedure that includes sensitivity and specificity along with an explanation of the intensity of the disease, Gingival crevicular fluid an oral bio-fluid resides in the close proximity with gingival tissues have been widely used to understand and differentiate the periodontal health and diseased status. The biomarkers present in the GCF can be a reliable tool to detect the minute changes seen in the disease processes. The GCF consists of various host and bacterial-derived products as well as biomarkers which in turn can be evaluated for the diagnosis, prognosis as well as management of the periodontal disease. Thus, the review aims at describing GCF as a potential oral biofluid helpful in differentiating periodontal health and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeer Bibi
- Department of Orthodontics, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi 75260, Pakistan;
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Z.K.); (D.S.); Tel.: +966-558420410 (Z.K.); +966-500782498 (D.S.)
| | - Ambreen Rehman
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Eisha Imran
- Department of Dental Materials, HITEC Dental College, Institute of Medical Sciences, Taxilla 751010, Pakistan;
| | - Kumar Chandan Srivastava
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Deepti Shrivastava
- Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (Z.K.); (D.S.); Tel.: +966-558420410 (Z.K.); +966-500782498 (D.S.)
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