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Munir H, Alam H, Nadeem MT, Almalki RS, Arshad MS, Suleria HAR. Green banana resistant starch: A promising potential as functional ingredient against certain maladies. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3787-3805. [PMID: 38873476 PMCID: PMC11167165 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This review covers the significance of green banana resistant starch (RS), a substantial polysaccharide. The food industry has taken an interest in green banana flour due to its 30% availability of resistant starch and its approximately 70% starch content on a dry basis, making its use suitable for food formulations where starch serves as the base. A variety of processing techniques, such as heat-moisture, autoclaving, microwaving, high hydrostatic pressure, extrusion, ultrasound, acid hydrolysis, and enzymatic debranching treatments, have made significant advancements in the preparation of resistant starch. These advancements aim to change the structure, techno-functionality, and subsequently the physiological functions of the resistant starch. Green bananas make up the highest RS as compared to other foods and cereals. Many food processing industries and cuisines now have a positive awareness due to the functional characteristics of green bananas, such as their pasting, thermal, gelatinization, foaming, and textural characteristics. It is also found useful for controlling the rates of cancer, obesity, and diabetic disorders. Moreover, the use of GBRS as prebiotics and probiotics might be significantly proved good for gut health. This study aimed at the awareness of the composition, extraction and application of the green banana resistant starch in the future food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Munir
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hamza Alam
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Nadeem
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Riyadh S. Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyUmm AL‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Agriculture and Food SystemsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Roux AE, Langella P, Martin R. Overview on biotics development. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103073. [PMID: 38335705 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Although probiotics have been used in food products and supplements for decades, there has been a considerable increase in their use more recently. Recent technological advances have thus led to major advances in knowledge of the gut microbiota, enabling a significant development of biotics. In this review, we discuss the uses of traditional probiotics but also the discovery of next-generation probiotics that could be used as live biotherapeutics. These novel preventive and therapeutic strategies hold promise for the treatment of numerous diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Probiotic bacteria can be consumed alone, or in combination with prebiotics as synbiotics, or mixed with other probiotic strains to form a consortium for enhanced effects. We also discuss the benefits of using postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emmanuelle Roux
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Philippe Langella
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Rebeca Martin
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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3
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Feng X, Deng M, Zhang L, Pan Q. Impact of gut microbiota and associated mechanisms on postprandial glucose levels in patients with diabetes. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:363-371. [PMID: 38130636 PMCID: PMC10732577 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications are serious medical and global burdens, often manifesting as postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, considerable research attention has focused on relationships between the gut microbiota and circulating postprandial glucose (PPG). Different population studies have suggested that PPG is closely related to the gut microbiota which may impact PPG via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Studies now show that gut microbiota models can predict PPG, with individualized nutrition intervention strategies used to regulate gut microbiota and improve glucose metabolism to facilitate the precision treatment of diabetes. However, few studies have been conducted in patients with diabetes. Therefore, little is known about the relationships between the gut microbiota and PPG in this cohort. Thus, more research is required to identify key gut microbiota and associated metabolites and pathways impacting PPG to provide potential therapeutic targets for PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
| | - Mingqun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing100730 ,China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing100730, China
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Divyashri G, Karthik P, Murthy TPK, Priyadarshini D, Reddy KR, Raghu AV, Vaidyanathan VK. Non-digestible oligosaccharides-based prebiotics to ameliorate obesity: Overview of experimental evidence and future perspectives. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1993-2011. [PMID: 37860742 PMCID: PMC10581984 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse populations reportedly suffer from obesity on a global scale, and inconclusive evidence has indicated that both environmental and genetic factors are associated with obesity development. Therefore, a need exists to examine potential therapeutic or prophylactic molecules for obesity treatment. Prebiotics with non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have the potential to treat obesity. A limited number of prebiotic NDOs have demonstrated their ability as a convincing therapeutic solution to encounter obesity through various mechanisms, viz., stimulating beneficial microorganisms, reducing the population of pathogenic microorganisms, and also improving lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. NDOs include pectic-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides and other oligosaccharides which significantly influence the overall human health by different mechanisms. This review provides the treatment of obesity benefits by incorporating these prebiotic NDOs, according to established scientific research, which shows their good effects extend beyond the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Divyashri
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Pothiyappan Karthik
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - T. P. Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Dey Priyadarshini
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anjanapura V. Raghu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed-to-Be University), Vijayapura, 586103 Karnataka India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), 603 203 Kattankulathur, India
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Can Following Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diets Reduce the Risk of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study on Iranian Women. J Nutr Metab 2023; 2023:2226104. [PMID: 36909144 PMCID: PMC10005875 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2226104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychiatric disorders have been a challenge for public health and will bring economic problems to individuals and healthcare systems in the future. One of the important factors that could affect these disorders is diet. Objective In the current study with a cross-sectional design, we investigated the association of Paleolithic and Mediterranean diets with psychological disorders in a sample of adult women. Methods Participants were 435 adult women between 20 and 50 years old that refer to healthcare centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. The diet scores were created by the response to a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the psychological profile was determined by response to the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results After adjusted for potential confounders, it is evident that participants in the highest Paleolithic diet tertile had lower odds of depression (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.37: P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.45: P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.32; P < 0.001) in comparison to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, those in the third tertile of the Mediterranean diet score were at lower risk of depression (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.36; P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.38; P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.39; P < 0.001) compared with those in the first tertile. Conclusion The result of the current study suggests that greater adherence to Paleolithic and Mediterranean dietary patterns may be related with a decreased risk of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Plum supplementation and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e6. [PMID: 36721717 PMCID: PMC9869099 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plums are abundant in bioactive compounds which have been associated with numerous health benefits. In the present study, we aimed at examining the impact of plum supplementation on lipid profile of individuals. Electronic bibliographical databases were searched for relevant randomised clinical trials. Articles meeting our eligibility criteria were included for data extraction and final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was estimated using a random-effect model. Of the total articles retrieved in the initial search, nine articles were found to be eligible to be included in the analysis. Our results show that plum supplementation significantly improves total cholesterols levels in the unhealthy individuals. Moreover, plum supplementation reduces the LDL-c levels in the pooled sample (WMD = -11⋅52 mg/dl; 95 % CI -21⋅93, -1⋅11, P = 0⋅03, I 2 = 98⋅7 %) and also in some of the subgroups of individuals (dried plum, unhealthy subjects, duration more than 8 weeks). Moreover, it had a significant reducing effect on TC levels just in unhealthy subjects. Although plum supplementation did not have any significant impact on serum levels of TG nor HDL-c. Our results show that supplementation with plums is potentially effective in reducing serum total cholesterol and LDL-c.
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Polysaccharides: Sources, Characteristics, Properties, and Their Application in Biodegradable Films. POLYSACCHARIDES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable films emerge as alternative biomaterials to conventional packaging from fossil sources, which, in addition to offering protection and increasing the shelf life of food products, are ecologically sustainable. The materials mostly used in their formulation are based on natural polysaccharides, plasticizing agents, and bioactive components (e.g., antimicrobial agents or antioxidants). The formulation of biodegradable films from polysaccharides and various plasticizers represents an alternative for primary packaging that can be assigned to specific food products, which opens the possibility of having multiple options of biodegradable films for the same product. This review describes the main characteristics of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature and highlights their role in the formulation of biodegradable films. The compilation and discussion emphasize studies that report on the mechanical and barrier properties of biodegradable films when made from pure polysaccharides and when mixed with other polysaccharides and plasticizing agents.
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Bharadwaj S, El-Kafrawy SA, Alandijany TA, Bajrai LH, Shah AA, Dubey A, Sahoo AK, Yadava U, Kamal MA, Azhar EI, Kang SG, Dwivedi VD. Structure-Based Identification of Natural Products as SARS-CoV-2 M pro Antagonist from Echinacea angustifolia Using Computational Approaches. Viruses 2021; 13:305. [PMID: 33672054 PMCID: PMC7919488 DOI: 10.3390/v13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to be a global threat. The number of cases and deaths will remain escalating due to the lack of effective therapeutic agents. Several studies have established the importance of the viral main protease (Mpro) in the replication of SARS-CoV-2 which makes it an attractive target for antiviral drug development, including pharmaceutical repurposing and other medicinal chemistry approaches. Identification of natural products with considerable inhibitory potential against SARS-CoV-2 could be beneficial as a rapid and potent alternative with drug-likeness by comparison to de novo antiviral drug discovery approaches. Thereof, we carried out the structure-based screening of natural products from Echinacea-angustifolia, commonly used to prevent cold and other microbial respiratory infections, targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Four natural products namely, Echinacoside, Quercetagetin 7-glucoside, Levan N, Inulin from chicory, and 1,3-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, revealed significant docking energy (>-10 kcal/mol) in the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro catalytic pocket via substantial intermolecular contacts formation against co-crystallized ligand (<-4 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the docked poses of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with selected natural products showed conformational stability through molecular dynamics. Exploring the end-point net binding energy exhibited substantial contribution of Coulomb and van der Waals interactions to the stability of respective docked conformations. These results advocated the natural products from Echinacea angustifolia for further experimental studies with an elevated probability to discover the potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro antagonist with higher affinity and drug-likeness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bharadwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
| | - Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (T.A.A.); (L.H.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (T.A.A.); (L.H.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Hussein Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (T.A.A.); (L.H.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Ahmad Shah
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Amit Dubey
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus Pvt. Ltd., Kushinagar 274203, India;
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Umesh Yadava
- Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India;
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (T.A.A.); (L.H.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (T.A.A.); (L.H.B.); (M.A.K.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
| | - Vivek Dhar Dwivedi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Computational and Systems Biology, Pathfinder Research and Training Foundation, Greater Noida 201308, India
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Huang RY, Raymond Herr D, Moochhala S. Manipulation of Alcohol and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Metabolome of Commensal and Virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae by Linolenic Acid. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050773. [PMID: 32455676 PMCID: PMC7285277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous alcohol produced by the gut microbiome is transported via the bloodstream to the liver for detoxification. Gut dysbiosis can result in chronic excess alcohol production that contributes to the development of hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether linolenic acid can manipulate the production of harmful alcohol and beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the metabolome of commensal Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and the virulent K. pneumoniae K1 serotype. Glucose fermentation by the K. pneumoniae K1 serotype yielded increased production of alcohol and decreased SCFAs (especially acetate and propionate) compared to those of commensal K. pneumoniae. However, the use of linolenic acid instead of glucose significantly reduced alcohol and increased SCFAs in the fermentation media of the K. pneumoniae K1 serotype. The work highlights the value of shaping the microbial metabolome using linolenic acid, which can potentially regulate the gut–liver axis for the prevention and treatment of alcohol-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Yuki Huang
- Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, USA;
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deron Raymond Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
| | - Shabbir Moochhala
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-8511-0112
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Pereira J, Brohi SA, Malairaj S, Zhang W, Zhou GH. Quality of fat-reduced frankfurter formulated with unripe banana by-products and pre-emulsified sunflower oil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1733014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jailson Pereira
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed Brohi
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sathuvan Malairaj
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Hong Zhou
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wilkowska A, Nowak A, Antczak-Chrobot A, Motyl I, Czyżowska A, Paliwoda A. Structurally Different Pectic Oligosaccharides Produced from Apple Pomace and Their Biological Activity In Vitro. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090365. [PMID: 31454989 PMCID: PMC6769907 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to identify the composition and the biological activity of pectin-derived oligosaccharides (POS) generated from mild acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of apple pomace (AP). The effect of the polymerization of the structural units of POS contained in the AP hydrolysate on the growth and metabolism of microbiota from the human gastrointestinal tract and the adhesion of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or pathogens to human gut epithelial cells was investigated in vitro. Mild acid hydrolysis followed by pectinolysis with Rohapect MaPlusT yielded the highest concentration of POS. In contrast, pure enzymatic processing of the AP performed with a mixed preparation of cellulase and Rohapect MaPlusT resulted in 1.8-fold lower overall POS. The concentration of higher-order oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization (DP) 7–10), however, was 1.7-fold higher. The increased ratio of higher-order oligosaccharides caused an increase in the bifidogenic effect, as well as affecting the amount and nature of short-chain fatty acid produced. Inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae was also observed. The strongest stimulation of LAB adhesion to the human epithelial cells occurred in the presence of the preparation containing the highest concentration of higher-order oligosaccharides. The fecal bacteria and pathogens showed much weaker adhesion to intestinal cells in the presence of all the tested AP hydrolysates. Both of the tested POS preparations, containing structurally different oligosaccharides (DPs 2–10 with different ratios of higher-order oligosaccharides), have the potential to be used as prebiotics for humans and animals. They stimulate bowel colonization with lactic acid bacteria and inhibit the development of infections caused by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wilkowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aneta Antczak-Chrobot
- Institute of Technology and Analysis of Food, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ilona Motyl
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Agata Czyżowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Paliwoda
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Łódź University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Alexander C, Swanson KS, Fahey GC, Garleb KA. Perspective: Physiologic Importance of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Nondigestible Carbohydrate Fermentation. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:576-589. [PMID: 31305907 PMCID: PMC6628845 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that dietary fiber or nondigestible carbohydrate (NDC) consumption is critical for maintaining optimal health and managing symptoms of metabolic disease. In accordance with this, the US FDA released its first official definition of dietary fiber in 2016 for regulation of Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels. Included in this definition is the requirement of an isolated or synthetic NDC to produce an accepted physiologic health benefit, such as improved laxation or reduced fasting cholesterol concentrations, upon consumption. Even though NDC fermentation and production of short-chain fatty acids elicit many physiologic effects, including serving as a source of energy for colonocytes, curbing glycemic response and satiety, promoting weight loss, enhancing mineral absorption, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving intestinal health, the process of fermentation is not considered a physiologic endpoint. Instead, expensive and laborious clinical trials must be conducted and an accepted physiologic benefit observed. In this review, we discuss the physiologic importance of NDC fermentation through extensive examination of clinical evidence and propose that the degree of fermentability of an NDC, rather than the endpoints of a clinical trial, may be appropriate for classifying it as a dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Alexander
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH,Address correspondence to CA (e-mail: )
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - George C Fahey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Keith A Garleb
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH
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Influence of acid depolymerization parameters on levan molar mass distribution and its utilization by bacteria. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 206:371-379. [PMID: 30553334 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Levan is a fructan composed of β -(2, 6) linkages in its main chain. Its health properties, especially its prebiotic potential can be partially modified by changing its molar mass distribution. Given that native levan is rarely fermented by probiotic bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), levanoligosaccharides (LOS) were produced by mild acid hydrolysis. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum parameters for depolymerization. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to characterize the LOS produced and to show the differences between inulin and levan. The prebiotic potential of four fractions of LOS with different molar mass distributions was investigated. MRS (Mann Rogosa Sharpe) medium supplemented with the LOS were inoculated with bacterial strains and growth was monitored by measuring the turbidity of the cultures. The utilization of oligofructans was also confirmed by RP-UHPLC-UV-ESI-MS (liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) measurements of LOS derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). It was observed that the degree of polymerization of LOS has an influence on the growth of the tested bacteria.
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Taylor AM, Holscher HD. A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:237-250. [PMID: 29985786 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1493808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pre-clinical evidence suggests that the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to mood and behavior disorders. Among humans, diet quality and patterns, which also impact the gastrointestinal microbiota, have been linked to depression, anxiety, and stress. This review summarizes findings from clinical studies using dietary intervention to improve depression, anxiety, or stress and the role the gastrointestinal microbiota may have in these disorders.Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords microbiome, microbiota, depression, anxiety, stress, diet, dietary pattern, diet quality, fiber, prebiotics, probiotics, and mood.Results: Mood was improved by enhancing diet quality. Fructooligosaccharide and galactooligosaccharide improved anxiety and depression in participants consuming ≥ 5 g/day. Additionally, bifidobacteria were enriched in subjects consuming ≥ 5 g/day. Probiotic consumption improved psychological or biological measures of depression, anxiety, or stress in individuals predisposed to a mood disorder. Probiotics suppressed biological markers of stress in healthy individuals in a strain-dependent manner.Discussion: High-quality diets, prebiotics, and probiotics may beneficially affect mood. Habitual diets rich in dietary fiber and omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids may be linked to reduced risk of developing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress; however, additional studies are necessary. Certain probiotics may enhance mood, but their influence on the gastrointestinal microbiota requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Taylor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Hu ED, Chen DZ, Wu JL, Lu FB, Chen L, Zheng MH, Li H, Huang Y, Li J, Jin XY, Gong YW, Lin Z, Wang XD, Xu LM, Chen YP. High fiber dietary and sodium butyrate attenuate experimental autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of immune regulatory cells and intestinal barrier. Cell Immunol 2018; 328:24-32. [PMID: 29627063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is chronic autoimmune liver disease accompanied with the imbalance of Treg/Th17 and increased intestinal permeability. We investigated the effects of a high fiber diet and sodium butyrate on the Treg/Th17 and intestinal barrier function in an experimental autoimmune hepatitis. Intraperitoneal injection of hepatic antigen (S100) was used to induce experimental autoimmune hepatitis mice model and mice were divided into normal control, S100 model control, S100 plus high fiber diet and S100 plus sodium butyrate. Serum aminotransferases and liver histology were examined. Short chain fatty acids in feces were determined by HPLC. The ratio of CD4 + C25 + Foxp3+ Treg and CD4 + IL-17 + Th17 were evaluated by flow cytometry. Tight junction proteins Zonula ocluden, Occludin and Claudin-1 were used to assess intestinal barrier function, so does Escherichia coli protein in the liver. Mice fed with either high fiber diet or sodium butyrate showed significantly lower levers of serum aminotransferases and minor liver injury compared to that of model control. Moreover, the ratio of Treg/Th17 was significantly higher in high fiber diet and sodium butyrate fed mice than that in model control. Furthermore, high fiber diet and sodium butyrate significantly increased intestinal tight junction proteins and decreased Escherichia Coli protein in the liver. In conclusion, high fiber diet and sodium butyrate can attenuate development of autoimmune hepatitis through regulation of immune regulatory cells and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-De Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Da-Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Medicine School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003,China
| | - Jin-Lu Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng-Bin Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Wen Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhuo Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Man Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hepatology Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatology, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Pan P, Oshima K, Huang YW, Yearsley M, Zhang J, Arnold M, Yu J, Wang LS. Gut bacteria are required for the benefits of black raspberries in Apc Min/+ mice. JOURNAL OF BERRY RESEARCH 2018; 8:239-249. [PMID: 30636993 PMCID: PMC6326590 DOI: 10.3233/jbr-180337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the gut microbiota is required for the chemoprotective effects of black raspberries (BRBs) in Apc Min/+ mice. METHODS Apc Min/+ mice were given (a) a control diet for 8 weeks, or (b) the control diet for 4 weeks and then a 5% BRB diet for additional 4 weeks, or (c) the control diet and antibiotics for 4 weeks followed by the 5% BRB diet and antibiotics for the next 4 weeks. At the end of the study, all the mice were euthanized, and colonic and intestinal polyps were counted. mRNA expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB1, and COX2 were determined in colon and small intestine of these Apc Min/+ mice by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS 5% BRBs significantly suppressed intestinal and colonic polyp development in the Apc Min/+ mice, whereas antibiotics significantly abolished BRBs' chemoprotective effects. BRBs decreased mRNA levels of TLR4, NF-κB1, and COX2 in colon, whereas significantly enhanced mRNA levels of TLR4 and NF-κB1 were observed in small intestine of BRB-treated Apc Min/+ mice fed antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS The gut microbiota is required for BRBs' chemoprotection against polyp development in Apc Min/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Science of Informatics, Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mark Arnold
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Corresponding author: Li-Shu Wang, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, RM C4930, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. Tel.: +1 414 955 2827; Fax: +1 414 955 6059; .
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Dietary intervention with green dwarf banana flour ( Musa sp. AAA) modulates oxidative stress and colonic SCFAs production in the TNBS model of intestinal inflammation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Weinborn V, Valenzuela C, Olivares M, Arredondo M, Weill R, Pizarro F. Prebiotics increase heme iron bioavailability and do not affect non-heme iron bioavailability in humans. Food Funct 2017; 8:1994-1999. [PMID: 28485415 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01833e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of a prebiotic mix on heme and non-heme iron (Fe) bioavailability in humans. To this purpose, twenty-four healthy women were randomized into one of two study groups. One group ate one yogurt per day for 12 days with a prebiotic mix (prebiotic group) and the other group received the same yogurt but without the prebiotic mix (control group). Before and after the intake period, the subjects participated in Fe absorption studies. These studies used 55Fe and 59Fe radioactive isotopes as markers of heme Fe and non-heme Fe, respectively, and Fe absorption was measured by the incorporation of radioactive Fe into erythrocytes. The results showed that there were no significant differences in heme and non-heme Fe bioavailability in the control group. Heme Fe bioavailability of the prebiotic group increased significantly by 56% post-prebiotic intake. There were no significant differences in non-heme Fe bioavailability in this group. We concluded that daily consumption of a prebiotic mix increases heme Fe bioavailability and does not affect non-heme iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Weinborn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Márquez-Aguirre AL, Camacho-Ruíz RM, Gutiérrez-Mercado YK, Padilla-Camberos E, González-Ávila M, Gálvez-Gastélum FJ, Díaz-Martínez NE, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Fructans from Agave tequilana with a Lower Degree of Polymerization Prevent Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Liver Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:416-421. [PMID: 27679439 PMCID: PMC5116042 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructans from agave have received specific attention because of their highly branched fructan content. We have previously reported that the degree of polymerization (dp) influences their biological activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unfractionated and fractionated fructans (higher and lower dps) from Agave tequilana in high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obese mice. Fructans with a lower dp (HFD+ScF) decreased weight gain by 30 %, body fat mass by 51 %, hyperglycemia by 25 % and liver steatosis by 40 %. Interestingly, unfractionated fructans (HFD+F) decreased glucose and triglycerides (TG), whereas fractionated fructans with a higher dp (HFD+LcF) decreased TG but not glucose; in contrast, HFD+ScF decreased glucose but not TG. Our findings suggest that both higher and lower dp agave fructans have complementary effects in metabolic disorders related to obesity. These findings may contribute to the development of improved food supplements with a specific ratio combination of fructans with different dps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - R. M. Camacho-Ruíz
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Y. K. Gutiérrez-Mercado
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - E. Padilla-Camberos
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - M. González-Ávila
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - F. J. Gálvez-Gastélum
- Laboratorio de Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - N. E. Díaz-Martínez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - D. Ortuño-Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
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Colon microbiota fermentation of dietary prebiotics towards short-chain fatty acids and their roles as anti-inflammatory and antitumour agents: A review. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Expression and characterisation of neopullulanase from Lactobacillus mucosae. Biotechnol Lett 2016; 38:1753-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The impact of lemon pectin characteristics on TLR activation and T84 intestinal epithelial cell barrier function. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Wei W, Sun W, Yu S, Yang Y, Ai L. Butyrate production from high-fiber diet protects against lymphoma tumor. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2401-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1144879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Dietary Fiber Intake Regulates Intestinal Microflora and Inhibits Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147778. [PMID: 26872019 PMCID: PMC4752249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, academic studies suggest that global growth of airway allergic disease has a close association with dietary changes including reduced consumption of fiber. Therefore, appropriate dietary fiber supplementation might be potential to prevent airway allergic disease (AAD). Objective We investigated whether dietary fiber intake suppressed the induction of AAD and tried to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods The control mice and AAD model mice fed with 4% standard-fiber chow, while low-fiber group of mice fed with a 1.75% low-fiber chow. The two fiber-intervened groups including mice, apart from a standard-fiber diet, were also intragastric (i.g.) administrated daily with poorly fermentable cellulose or readily fermentable pectin (0.4% of daily body weight), respectively. All animals except normal mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce airway allergic inflammation. Hallmarks of AAD were examined by histological analysis and ELISA. The variation in intestinal bacterial composition was assessed by qualitative analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) content in fecal samples using real-time PCR. Results Low-fiber diet aggravated inflammatory response in ovalbumin-induced allergic mice, whereas dietary fiber intake significantly suppressed the allergic responses, attenuated allergic symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing, decreased the pathology of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in the nasal mucosa and lung, inhibited serum OVA-specific IgE levels, and lowered the levels of Th2 cytokines in NALF and BALF, but, increased Th1 (IFN-γ) cytokines. Additionally, dietary fiber intake also increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Levels of probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were upgraded significantly. Conclusion Long-term deficiency of dietary fiber intake increases the susceptibility to AAD, whereas proper fiber supplementation promotes effectively the balance of Th1/Th2 immunity and then attenuates allergic inflammatory responses significantly, as well as optimizes the structure of intestinal microbiota, which suggests potential for novel preventive and therapeutic intervention.
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