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Denis AA, Toledo D, Hakim QA, Quintana AA, Escobar CR, Oluwole SA, Costa A, Garcia EG, Hill AR, Agatemor C. Ligand-Independent Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Attenuation of Glutamine Levels by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300540. [PMID: 37615422 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) are emerging sustainable alternatives to conventional organic solvents. Beyond their role as laboratory solvents, NADESs are increasingly explored in drug delivery and as therapeutics. Their increasing applications notwithstanding, our understanding of how they interact with biomolecules at multiple levels - metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome - within human cell remain poor. Here, we deploy integrated metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics to probe how NADESs perturb the molecular landscape of human cells. In a human cell line model, we found that an archetypal NADES derived from choline and geranic acid (CAGE) significantly altered the metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome. CAGE upregulated indole-3-lactic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid levels, resulting in ligand-independent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor to signal the transcription of genes with implications for inflammation, immunomodulation, cell development, and chemical detoxification. Further, treating the cell line with CAGE downregulated glutamine biosynthesis, a nutrient rapidly proliferating cancer cells require. CAGE's ability to attenuate glutamine levels is potentially relevant for cancer treatment. These findings suggest that NADESs, even when derived from natural components like choline, can indirectly modulate cell biology at multiple levels, expanding their applications beyond chemistry to biomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Toledo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33146, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Arthur Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33146, USA
| | | | - Anaya Rose Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33146, USA
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33146, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33146, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, University of Miami, Miami, FL-33136, USA
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2
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Fournier E, Leveque M, Ruiz P, Ratel J, Durif C, Chalancon S, Amiard F, Edely M, Bezirard V, Gaultier E, Lamas B, Houdeau E, Lagarde F, Engel E, Etienne-Mesmin L, Blanquet-Diot S, Mercier-Bonin M. Microplastics: What happens in the human digestive tract? First evidences in adults using in vitro gut models. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130010. [PMID: 36182891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the environment and humans are inevitably exposed to them. However, the effects of MPs in the human digestive environment are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of repeated exposure to polyethylene (PE) MPs on the human gut microbiota and intestinal barrier using, under adult conditions, the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL) model, coupled with a co-culture of intestinal epithelial and mucus-secreting cells. The composition of the luminal and mucosal gut microbiota was determined by 16S metabarcoding and microbial activities were characterized by gas, short chain fatty acid, volatolomic and AhR activity analyses. Gut barrier integrity was assessed via intestinal permeability, inflammation and mucin synthesis. First, exposure to PE MPs induced donor-dependent effects. Second, an increase in abundances of potentially harmful pathobionts, Desulfovibrionaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, and a decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Christensenellaceae and Akkermansiaceae were observed. These bacterial shifts were associated with changes in volatile organic compounds profiles, notably characterized by increased indole 3-methyl- production. Finally, no significant impact of PE MPs mediated by changes in gut microbial metabolites was reported on the intestinal barrier. Given these adverse effects of repeated ingestion of PE MPs on the human gut microbiota, studying at-risk populations like infants would be a valuable advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elora Fournier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Leveque
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jeremy Ratel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Claude Durif
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandrine Chalancon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frederic Amiard
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Mathieu Edely
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Valerie Bezirard
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Le Mans Université, IMMM UMR-CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, F-72085, Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Erwan Engel
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Lucie Etienne-Mesmin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 454 MEDIS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
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3
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Defois C, Ratel J, Garrait G, Denis S, Le Goff O, Talvas J, Mosoni P, Engel E, Peyret P. Food Chemicals Disrupt Human Gut Microbiota Activity And Impact Intestinal Homeostasis As Revealed By In Vitro Systems. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11006. [PMID: 30030472 PMCID: PMC6054606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the human gut microbiota interacts with xenobiotics, including persistent organic pollutants and foodborne chemicals. The toxicological relevance of the gut microbiota-pollutant interplay is of great concern since chemicals may disrupt gut microbiota functions, with a potential impairment of host homeostasis. Herein we report within batch fermentation systems the impact of food contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, brominated flame retardants, dioxins, pesticides and heterocyclic amines) on the human gut microbiota by metatranscriptome and volatolome i.e. “volatile organic compounds” analyses. Inflammatory host cell response caused by microbial metabolites following the pollutants-gut microbiota interaction, was evaluated on intestinal epithelial TC7 cells. Changes in the volatolome pattern analyzed via solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry mainly resulted in an imbalance in sulfur, phenolic and ester compounds. An increase in microbial gene expression related to lipid metabolism processes as well as the plasma membrane, periplasmic space, protein kinase activity and receptor activity was observed following dioxin, brominated flame retardant and heterocyclic amine exposure. Conversely, all food contaminants tested induced a decreased in microbial transcript levels related to ribosome, translation and nucleic acid binding. Finally, we demonstrated that gut microbiota metabolites resulting from pollutant disturbances may promote the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state in the gut, as stated with the release of cytokine IL-8 by intestinal epithelial cells.
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor upregulates IL-1β expression in hCMEC/D3 human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells after TCDD exposure. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 41:200-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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5
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Conigliaro P, Chimenti M, Triggianese P, Sunzini F, Novelli L, Perricone C, Perricone R. Autoantibodies in inflammatory arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:673-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Brandstätter O, Schanz O, Vorac J, König J, Mori T, Maruyama T, Korkowski M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, von Smolinski D, Schultze JL, Abel J, Esser C, Takeyama H, Weighardt H, Förster I. Balancing intestinal and systemic inflammation through cell type-specific expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26091. [PMID: 27184933 PMCID: PMC4869119 DOI: 10.1038/srep26091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sensor of polyaromatic chemicals the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) exerts an important role in immune regulation besides its requirement for xenobiotic metabolism. Transcriptional activation of AhR target genes is counterregulated by the AhR repressor (AhRR) but the exact function of the AhRR in vivo is currently unknown. We here show that the AhRR is predominantly expressed in immune cells of the skin and intestine, different from other AhR target genes. Whereas AhRR antagonizes the anti-inflammatory function of the AhR in the context of systemic endotoxin shock, AhR and AhRR act in concert to dampen intestinal inflammation. Specifically, AhRR contributes to the maintenance of colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes and prevents excessive IL-1β production and Th17/Tc17 differentiation. In contrast, the AhRR enhances IFN-γ-production by effector T cells in the inflamed gut. Our findings highlight the physiologic importance of cell-type specific balancing of AhR/AhRR expression in response to microbial, nutritional and other environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Brandstätter
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Schanz
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Vorac
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jessica König
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tetsushi Mori
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, 2-2, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, 2-2, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Markus Korkowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dorthe von Smolinski
- Institut für Tierpathologie der FU Berlin, Robert von Ostertag Strasse 15, 14163 Berlin
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Josef Abel
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, 2-2, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8480, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany.,IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine gGmbH, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Perricone C, Versini M, Ben-Ami D, Gertel S, Watad A, Segel MJ, Ceccarelli F, Conti F, Cantarini L, Bogdanos DP, Antonelli A, Amital H, Valesini G, Shoenfeld Y. Smoke and autoimmunity: The fire behind the disease. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:354-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Liu G, Asanoma K, Takao T, Tsukimori K, Uchi H, Furue M, Kato K, Wake N. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor SNP -130 C/T associates with dioxins susceptibility through regulating its receptor activity and downstream effectors including interleukin 24. Toxicol Lett 2014; 232:384-92. [PMID: 25445724 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dioxins are persistent environmental pollutants that cause multiple adverse health effects in humans, mainly through binding to the ligand-activated transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Genetic variation in AhR may modulate the susceptibility to dioxins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -130 C/T in the AhR promoter on dioxin-inducible gene transcription, and to investigate interleukin-24 (IL-24) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as proxies for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure. Using primary human chorionic stromal cells, we found that cells with the TT genotype showed higher AhR mRNA and protein levels than did those of the CC genotype. Microarray was carried out to analyze the gene expression profiles of cells (CC and TT genotype) after exposing the cells to TCDD. Several genes associated with human disorders were more highly up-regulated in cells of the TT genotype. Higher up-regulation of IL-24 and IL-1β mRNA in cells with the TT genotype was observed. Furthermore, blood samples from 64 Yusho patients who were accidentally exposed to high concentrations of dioxins were analyzed for the genotype, dioxins concentrations and serum levels of IL-24 and IL-1β. We observed higher serum IL-24 levels and lower serum IL-1β levels in Yusho patients with the TT genotype than in those with the CC genotype. AhR SNP -130 C/T affects serum IL-24 and IL-1β levels, independently of serum dioxins concentrations in Yusho patients. Our observations demonstrate that SNP -130 C/T modulates AhR expression and expression levels of IL-24 and IL-1β, and suggest an association of AhR SNP -130 C/T with the susceptibility to dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- Department of Genomic Epidemiology, Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Genomic Epidemiology, Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Tsukimori
- Department of Obstetrics, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxins, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxins, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Wake
- Department of Genomic Epidemiology, Research Center for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
Although IL-1β is the master inflammatory cytokine in the IL-1 family, after more than ten years of continuous breeding, mice deficient in IL-1β exhibit no spontaneous disease. Therefore, one concludes that IL-1β is not needed for homeostasis. However, IL-1β-deficient mice are protected against local and systemic inflammation due to live infections, autoimmune processes, tumor metastasis and even chemical carcinogenesis. Based on a large number of preclinical studies, blocking IL-1β activity in humans with a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions has reduced disease severity and for many, has lifted the burden of disease. Rare and common diseases are controlled by blocking IL-1β. Immunologically, IL-1β is a natural adjuvant for responses to antigen. Alone, IL-1β is not a growth factor for lymphocytes; rather in antigen activated immunocompetent cells, blocking IL-1 reduces IL-17 production. IL-1β markedly increases in the expansion of naive and memory CD4T cells in response to challenge with their cognate antigen. The response occurs when only specific CD4T cells respond to IL-1β and not to IL-6 or CD-28. A role for autophagy in production of IL-1β has emerged with deletion of the autophagy gene ATG16L1. Macrophages from ATG16L1-deficient mice produce higher levels of IL-1β after stimulation with TLR4 ligands via a mechanism of caspase-1 activation. The implications for increased IL-1β release in persons with defective autophagy may have clinical importance for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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van de Veerdonk FL, Netea MG. New Insights in the Immunobiology of IL-1 Family Members. Front Immunol 2013; 4:167. [PMID: 23847614 PMCID: PMC3703542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL 1) family of ligands is associated with acute and chronic inflammation, and plays an essential role in the non-specific innate response to infection. The biological properties of IL 1 family ligands are typically pro-inflammatory. The IL 1 family has 11 family members and can be categorized into subfamilies according to the length of their precursor and the length of the propiece for each precursor (Figure 1). The IL 1 subfamily consists of IL 1α, IL 1β, and IL 33, with the longest propieces of the IL 1 family. IL 18 and IL 37 belong to the IL 18 subfamily and contain smaller propieces than IL 1 and IL-33. Since IL 37 binds to the IL 18Rα chain it is part of the IL 18 subfamily, however it remains to be elucidated how the propiece of IL 37 is removed. IL 36α, β, and γ as well as IL 36 Ra belong to the IL 36 subfamily. In addition, IL 38 likely belongs to this family since it has the ability to bind to the IL 36R. The IL 36 subfamily has the shortest propiece. The one member of the IL 1 family that cannot be categorized in these subfamilies is IL 1 receptor antagonist (IL 1Ra), which has a signal peptide and is readily secreted. In the present review we will describe the biological functions of the IL-1F members and new insights in their biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity (N4i) , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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11
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Fardel O. Cytokines as molecular targets for aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands: implications for toxicity and xenobiotic detoxification. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 9:141-52. [PMID: 23230817 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.738194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor historically known for regulating expression of several important drug-detoxifying proteins. Besides drug metabolism pathways, cytokines have been recently recognized as targeted by the AhR signaling cascade, which may contribute to toxicity and changes in xenobiotic detoxification caused by AhR agonists. AREAS COVERED This article summarizes the nature of the main cytokines regulated by AhR ligands and reviews their involvement in toxic effects of AhR ligands, especially in relation with inflammation. The article also discusses the potential implications for drug detoxification pathways. EXPERT OPINION Even if various cytokines, including inflammatory ones, have already been demonstrated to constitute robust targets for AhR, the exact role played by AhR with respect to inflammation remains to be determined. Further studies are also required to better characterize the molecular mechanisms implicated in regulation of cytokines by AhR ligands and to determine the role that may play AhR-targeted cytokines in alteration of xenobiotic detoxification. Finally, changes in cytokine receptor expression triggered by AhR ligands have additionally to be taken into account to better and more extensively comprehend the role played by AhR in the cytokine/inflammation area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherche en Environnement, Santé et Travail (IRSET)/INSERM U 1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
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12
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Mejia-Garcia A, Sanchez-Ocampo EM, Galindo-Gomez S, Shibayama M, Reyes-Hernandez O, Guzman-Leon S, Gonzalez FJ, Elizondo G. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin enhances CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent manner. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:161-8. [PMID: 22834477 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.707790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is involved in the biotransformation of several low molecular weight chemicals and plays an important role in the metabolic activation of carcinogens and hepatotoxins such as CCl(4). Induction of CYP2E1 is exerted mainly at posttranscriptional levels through mRNA and protein stabilization, and there is little evidence of xenobiotic induction at the transcriptional level. Previously, we reported microarray analysis data suggesting a decrease in Cyp2e1 gene expression on Ahr-null livers when compared to wild-type mouse livers. The goal of the present study was to determine whether 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increased mouse CYP2E1 levels in an AhR-dependent manner and the impact on CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity. TCDD treatment induced CYP2E1 mRNA and protein levels in mouse liver, and this effect was aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent. Moreover, TCDD pre-treatment increased the CCl(4)-induced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, the extent of CCl(4)-induced necrosis, and the number of sinusoidal cells in wild-type animals, while this potentiating effect was not observed in Ahr-null mice. In conclusion, this study revealed that TCDD, probably in an AhR-dependent manner, exacerbated CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity through induction of CYP2E1.
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Wang X, Xing H, Li X, Xu S, Wang X. Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on the mRNA levels of IL-1 and IFN-γ2b in immune organs of common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:126-133. [PMID: 21549199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are widely used in agriculture has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ATR, CPF and their mixture on the mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin receptor I (IL-1RI) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ2b) in both spleen and head kidney of Common carp. In this study, juvenile common carp were exposed to ATR (at concentrations of 4.28, 42.8 and 428 μg/L), CPF (at concentrations of 1.16, 11.6 and 116 μg/L), and their mixture (at concentrations of 1.16, 11.6 and 116 μg/L). The mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-1R1 and IFN-γ2b in spleen and head kidney were detected by using RT-PCR. Our results indicated that IL-1β, IL-1R1 expression significantly increased after exposure in high concentration ATR, CPF and their mixture, but IFN-γ2b mRNA shown different expression trends. Our results suggested that ATR, CPF and their mixture probably induced damages on spleen and head kidney may be association with increasing IL-1β, IL-1R1 mRNA synthesis. After 20-day recovery test, IL-1β, IL-1R1 and IFN-γ2b mRNA expression remain at high level in majority of the treated groups, we concluded that the restoration of tissue and immune system damage probably needs longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
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14
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Li W, Vogel CFA, Wu D, Matsumura F. Non-genomic action of TCDD to induce inflammatory responses in HepG2 human hepatoma cells and in liver of C57BL/6J mice. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1205-19. [PMID: 20707612 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the significance of the non-genomic signaling of TCDD (=dioxin) on liver of C57BL/6 mice and HepG2 human hepatoma cells, we first determined the group of markers that are susceptible to inhibition by parthenolide, a compound known to specifically suppress NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Of those, the most consistent marker turned out to be SOCS3 (a suppressor of cytokine signaling) known to respond to inflammation. An early diagnostic test on the action of TCDD on HepG2 cells in vitro within 3-6 h indicated that Cox-2 and SOCS3 are mainly induced via a non-genomic route, whereas PAI-2 appears to be induced through the classical action route. More detailed diagnostic tests at later stages of action of TCDD in HepG2 cells revealed that induction of IL-1β, BAFF, and iNOS are largely mediated by the protein kinase-dependent non-genomic route. An in vivo study on the 7 day action of TCDD on liver of AhR(NLS) mice showed that several early markers (e.g., Cox-2, MCP-1 and SOCS3) are induced, but not late markers such as IL-1β. Together, these results show that the non-genomic pathway contributes significantly to the early stress response reactions to TCDD that includes inflammation in hepatoma cells as well as in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wong PS, Vogel CF, Kokosinski K, Matsumura F. Arylhydrocarbon receptor activation in NCI-H441 cells and C57BL/6 mice: possible mechanisms for lung dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:210-7. [PMID: 19372248 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is known for its ability to bind aromatic-containing compounds, which starts a molecular cascade involving the induction of cytochrome P450s and inflammatory cytokines. Our hypothesis is that many inhaled environmental toxicant components activate these inflammatory pathways via an initial binding to the AhR. To test this possibility, we treated Clara cell-derived NCI-H441 cells with the AhR agonist, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and demonstrated that AhR activation increased the expression of both cytochrome P450 s and inflammatory markers. We also found increased mucin 5AC production with TCDD treatment. Similar results were observed in NCI-H441 cells treated with urban dust particles. Mucin 5AC expression was highly correlated with increased-expression cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-1beta, thus implicating these two inflammatory markers as possible conduits for AhR-mediated mucin production. We hypothesize that this increase in mucin 5AC production is a result of inflammation-induced differentiation of our epithelial cell to a mucin-producing cell. This theory is supported by morphological changes observed in the cells, as well as decreased expression of Clara cell secretory protein (CC10). In an in vivo C57BL/6 mouse model, TCDD increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, mucin 5AC, and a number of matrix metalloproteases in whole-lung samples. These changes were not seen in mice in which AhR signaling was repressed. These markers from the whole-lung samples have been correlated to onset of bronchitis, asthma, small airways disease, and fibrosis, and their increased expression further implicates AhR activation in producing the molecular environment for the development of lung injury to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Wong
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Shizu M, Itoh Y, Sunahara R, Chujo S, Hayashi H, Ide Y, Takii T, Koshiko M, Chung SW, Hayakawa K, Miyazawa K, Hirose K, Onozaki K. Cigarette smoke condensate upregulates the gene and protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human fibroblast-like synoviocyte line. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:509-21. [PMID: 18729741 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by proliferation of synoviocytes that produce proinflammatory cytokines, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. When human fibroblast-like synoviocytes line MH7A was treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), either mainstream or sidestream, expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and CYP1A1 mRNA were upregulated in both time- and dose-dependent manners. The upregulatory effects of CSC on these cytokines were not significantly inhibited by alpha-naphthoflavone, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist, suggesting that the effects of CSC were independent of AhR. Cycloheximide treatment indicated that the augmenting effect of CSC on IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and IL-8, but not IL-6 and CYP1A1, mRNA expression requires de novo protein synthesis. CSC also induced cytokines at protein levels and further augmented the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on induction of these cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels. These results support the epidemiological studies indicating a strong association between heavy cigarette smoking and pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Shizu
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Mizuho, Nagoya, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Okamoto H, Iwamoto T, Toyama Y, Tomatsu T, Yamanaka H, Momohara S. A role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the dioxin TCDD in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1317-22. [PMID: 18617548 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental factors are involved in RA pathogenesis and epidemiological studies have suggested that smoking is an environmental risk factor for RA. The 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the major toxic components in cigarettes. To clarify the biological effects of smoking in RA, we investigated the role of TCDD in RA pathogenesis. METHODS Human synovial tissue was obtained from RA and OA patients and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression in these tissues was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Expression of various cytokines was measured by real-time PCR following stimulation of RA synoviocytes with different concentrations of TCDD. To study the role of AhR, we treated RA synoviocytes with alpha-naphthoflavone, a known AhR antagonist. To evaluate which signal transduction pathways were stimulated by the TCDD-AhR interaction, we used inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and extra-cellular stimulus-activated kinase (ERK). RESULTS Higher AhR mRNA and protein levels were observed in RA synovial tissue than in OA tissue. TCDD up-regulated the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 through binding to AhR, and this effect was transmitted via the NF-kappaB and ERK signalling cascades. AhR expression in synovial cells was up-regulated by TNF-alpha. CONCLUSION TNF-alpha activates AhR expression in RA synovial tissue, and that cigarette smoking and exposure to TCDD enhances RA inflammatory processes. TCDD induces inflammatory cytokines via its association with AhR, resulting in stimulation of the NF-kappaB and ERK signalling cascades. Thus TCDD exposure, such as smoking exacerbates RA pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobayashi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
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PPARalpha transcriptionally induces AhR expression in Caco-2, but represses AhR pro-inflammatory effects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:896-901. [PMID: 17963696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that Caco-2 cell treatment with WY-14643 (a potent PPARalpha agonist) causes an increase in AhR expression. Luciferase assays and directed mutagenesis experiments showed that induction mainly occurred at transcriptional level and involved a PPRE site located within the AhR promoter. These results were further confirmed by the use of PPARalpha knockout mice in which AhR induction by WY14643 was abrogated. In addition to CYP1 regulation, AhR has been described as being involved in inflammation, so we also studied the effect of AhR regulation by PPARalpha on the expression of some inflammation target genes. 3-Methylcholanthrene (a potent AhR agonist) increased the expression (mRNA) of the major inflammatory targets IL-1beta and MMP9. WY-14643 co-treatment abrogated the 3-methylcholanthrene pro-inflammatory effect. Hence the anti-inflammatory effect of PPARalpha overrides the pro-inflammatory effect of AhR.
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N'Diaye M, Le Ferrec E, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Corre S, Gilot D, Lecureur V, Monteiro P, Rauch C, Galibert MD, Fardel O. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor- and calcium-dependent induction of the chemokine CCL1 by the environmental contaminant benzo[a]pyrene. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:19906-15. [PMID: 16679317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601192200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed immunotoxic environmental contaminants well known to regulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukine-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In the present study, we demonstrated that the chemokine CCL1, notably involved in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory or allergic processes, constitutes a new molecular target for PAHs. Indeed, exposure to PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene (BP) markedly increased mRNA expression and secretion of CCL1 in primary human macrophage cultures. Moreover, intranasal administration of BP to mice enhanced mRNA levels of TCA3, the mouse orthologue of CCL1, in lung. CCL1 induction in cultured human macrophages was fully prevented by targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through chemical inhibition or small interfering RNA-mediated down-modulation of its expression. In addition, BP and the potent AhR agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were found to enhance activity of a CCL1 promoter sequence containing a consensus xenobiotic-responsive element known to specifically interact with AhR. Moreover, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin triggered AhR binding to this CCL1 promoter element as revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. In an attempt to further characterize the mechanism of CCL1 induction, we demonstrated that BP was able to induce an early and transient increase of intracellular calcium concentration in human macrophages. Inhibition of this calcium increase, using the calcium chelator 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra(acetoxymethyl) ester or the calcium store-operated channel inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, fully blocked CCL1 up-regulation. Taken together, these results bring the first demonstration that PAHs induce expression of the chemokine CCL1 in an AhR- and calcium-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique N'Diaye
- INSERM U620, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6061, Laboratoire de Génétique et Développement, Facultéde Médecine, Université de Rennes 1, IFR140, 35043 Rennes Cedex
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Lecureur V, Ferrec EL, N'diaye M, Vee ML, Gardyn C, Gilot D, Fardel O. ERK-dependent induction of TNFalpha expression by the environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene in primary human macrophages. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:1904-10. [PMID: 15792794 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo(a)pyrene (BP) are toxic environmental contaminants known to enhance production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta. The present study was designed in order to determine whether TNFalpha, another cytokine acting in inflammation, may also constitute a target for these chemicals. Both TNFalpha mRNA and TNFalpha secretion levels were found to be enhanced in human BP-treated macrophages. Dioxin, a contaminant activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) like PAHs, was also shown to increase TNFalpha expression. BP-mediated TNFalpha induction was however not suppressed by AhR antagonists, making unlikely the involvement of the typical AhR signalling pathway. BP-exposure of macrophages did not enhance NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, but it activated the MAP kinase ERK1/2. In addition, the use of chemical inhibitors of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation fully abrogated induction of TNFalpha production in BP-treated macrophages. These data likely indicate that PAHs enhance TNFalpha expression in human macrophages through an ERK-related mechanism. Such a regulation may contribute to confer pro-inflammatory properties to these widely-distributed environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lecureur
- INSERM U620, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 avenue du Pr. Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France.
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Henley DV, Bellone CJ, Williams DA, Ruh MF. MAPK signaling pathways modulate IL-1β expression in human keratinocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 424:112-8. [PMID: 15019843 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2003] [Revised: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The signaling pathways that modulate IL-1beta expression in human keratinocytes have not been well defined. We have previously shown that TCDD-stimulated AhR-dependent IL-1beta expression in human keratinocytes is due to posttranscriptional regulation involving mRNA stabilization. Since TCDD activates a variety of cellular signaling pathways such as PKC, JNK, and ERK, we investigated these pathways to determine their roles in TCDD-stimulated IL-1beta expression in the human keratinocyte cell line SCC-12F. In this study, we used specific signaling inhibitors to show that ERK and JNK, but not transglutaminase, PKC, or p38, signaling modulate IL-1beta expression. In addition, we show that ERK is constitutively active and unaffected by TCDD treatment and differentiation, while the JNK signaling pathway is modulated by TCDD in an AhR-dependent manner. Thus, both the ERK and JNK MAPK pathways are necessary for IL-1beta expression in TCDD-stimulated human keratinocytes, however, they act at different levels to modulate IL-1beta expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek V Henley
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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