1
|
Zhang Y, Dawson R, Kong L, Tan L. Lutein supplementation for early-life health and development: current knowledge, challenges, and implications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38795064 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2357275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Macular carotenoids, which consist of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, are dietary antioxidants and macular pigments in the eyes, protecting the macula from light-induced oxidative stress. Lutein is also the main carotenoid in the infant brain and is involved in cognitive development. While a few articles reviewed the role of lutein in early health and development, the current review is the first that focuses on the outcomes of lutein supplementation, either provided to mothers or to infants. Additionally, lutein status and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation, factors that limit the potential application of lutein as a nutritional intervention, and solutions to overcome the limitation are also discussed. In brief, the lutein intake in pregnant and lactating women in the United States may not be optimal. Furthermore, preterm and formula-fed infants are known to have compromised lutein status compared to term and breast-fed infants, respectively. While lutein supplementation via both maternal and infant consumption improves lutein status in infants, the application of lutein as a nutritional intervention may be compromised by its low bioavailability. Various encapsulation techniques have been developed to enhance the delivery of lutein in adult animals or human but should be further evaluated in neonatal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Reece Dawson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Lingyan Kong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Libo Tan
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu W, Shankar P, Yao Y, Su X, Kim JE. Effect of xanthophyll-rich food and supplement intake on visual outcomes in healthy adults and those with eye disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 82:34-46. [PMID: 37094947 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Xanthophyll intake is known to improve eye health; however, its benefits on visual outcomes have not been systematically studied, particularly in a population with eye diseases. OBJECTIVE A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to investigate the effect of xanthophyll intake on visual outcomes, and further subgroup analysis was performed on the basis of eye disease status. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched, and relevant randomized controlled trials were identified. DATA EXTRACTION For systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, 43, 25, and 21 articles were selected, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS Xanthophyll intake enhanced macular pigment optical density (MPOD) for both heterochromatic flicker photometry (weighted mean difference [WMD], 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.07) and autofluorescence imaging (WMD, 0.08; 95%CI, 0.05-0.11) measurements and decreased photostress recovery time (WMD, -2.35; 95%CI, -4.49 to -0.20). While enhancement in visual acuity logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution was observed in response to the xanthophyll-rich food and supplement intake only for patients with eye disease (WMD, -0.04; 95%CI, -0.07 to -0.01). Meta-regression showed a positive correlation between change in MPOD (heterochromatic flicker photometry) and the corresponding change in serum lutein levels (regression coefficient = 0.068; P = 0.00). CONCLUSION Intake of xanthophyll-rich food or supplements can improve eye health. Additional improvement in visual acuity was observed in patients with eye disease. A positive association between MPOD and serum lutein level, while absent with dietary xanthophyll intake, suggests the importance of bioavailability when examining the effect of xanthophyll on eye health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021295337.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Hu
- are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavitra Shankar
- are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanhang Yao
- are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- is with the Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- are with the Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Terao J. Revisiting carotenoids as dietary antioxidants for human health and disease prevention. Food Funct 2023; 14:7799-7824. [PMID: 37593767 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Humans are unique indiscriminate carotenoid accumulators, so the human body accumulates a wide range of dietary carotenoids of different types and to varying concentrations. Carotenoids were once recognized as physiological antioxidants because of their ability to quench singlet molecular oxygen (1O2). In the 1990s, large-scale intervention studies failed to demonstrate that supplementary β-carotene intake reduces the incidence of lung cancer, although its antioxidant activity was supposed to contribute to the prevention of oxidative stress-induced carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of carotenoids has attracted renewed attention as the pathophysiological role of 1O2 has emerged, and as the ability of dietary carotenoids to induce antioxidant enzymes has been revealed. This review focuses on six major carotenoids from fruit and vegetables and revisits their physiological functions as biological antioxidants from the standpoint of health promotion and disease prevention. β-Carotene 9',10'-oxygenase-derived oxidative metabolites trigger increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Lutein and zeaxanthin selectively accumulate in human macular cells to protect against light-induced macular impairment by acting as antioxidants. Lycopene accumulates exclusively and to high concentrations in the testis, where its antioxidant activity may help to eliminate oxidative damage. Dietary carotenoids appear to exert their antioxidant activity in photo-irradiated skin after their persistent deposition in the skin. An acceptable level of dietary carotenoids for disease prevention should be established because they can have deleterious effects as prooxidants if they accumulate to excess levels. Finally, it is expected that the reason why humans are indiscriminate carotenoid accumulators will be understood soon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Terao
- Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren T, Lin W, He S, Yang X, Xian M, Zhang Z, Luo W, Nie Q, Zhang X. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Data Reveals the Antioxidant Potential of Dietary Lutein in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906853. [PMID: 35812876 PMCID: PMC9260106 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein can increase the body's skin color and has antioxidant potential. However, how it affects lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in chickens remains unknown. In this study, 74-day-old male chickens raised on feed supplemented with lutein had higher hip, back, breast, leg, shin and abdominal fat yellowness than the control group, and the livers of chickens in the lutein group had higher superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and lower malondialdehyde activities. To clarify the potential regulatory network regulated by lutein, we used RNA-seq and nontargeted metabolomics to detect changes in the male chicken liver and plasma, respectively. A total of 243 differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathways, among others. A total of 237 significantly different metabolites were enriched in lysine biosynthesis and degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism signaling pathways, among others. Finally, we comprehensively analyzed metabolome and transcriptome data and found that many differentially expressed genes and significantly different metabolites play crucial roles in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. In summary, dietary lutein can improve male chicken skin yellowness and antioxidant indices and affect liver gene expression and plasma metabolites and may help improve the health of chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wujian Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shizi He
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxian Yang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Xian
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiquan Zhang
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
D’Souza EE, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Feldman HA, Gagoski B, Litt J, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y, Morton SU. Increased Breastfeeding Proportion Is Associated with Improved Gross Motor Skills at 3-5 Years of Age: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2215. [PMID: 35684014 PMCID: PMC9182886 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk provides key nutrients and bio-active factors that contribute to infant neurodevelopment. Optimizing maternal nutrition could provide further benefit to psychomotor outcomes. Our observational cohort pilot study aims to determine if breastfeeding extent and breastmilk nutrients correlate with psychomotor outcomes at school age. The breastfeeding proportion at 3 months of age and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3-5 years of age were recorded for 33 typically developing newborns born after uncomplicated pregnancies. The association between categorical breastfeeding proportion and neurodevelopmental outcome scores was determined for the cohort using a Spearman correlation with and without the inclusion of parental factors. Vitamin E and carotenoid levels were determined in breastmilk samples from 14 of the mothers. After the inclusion of parental education and income as covariates, motor skill scores positively correlated with breastmilk contents of α-tocopherol (Spearman coefficient 0.88, p-value = 0.02), translutein (0.98, p-value = 0.0007), total lutein (0.92, p-value = 0.01), and zeaxanthin (0.93, p-value = 0.0068). Problem solving skills negatively correlated with the levels of the RSR enantiomer of α-tocopherol (-0.86, p-value = 0.03). Overall, higher exposure to breastfeeding was associated with improved gross motor and problem-solving skills at 3-5 years of age. The potential of α-tocopherol, lutein, and zeaxanthin intake to provide neurodevelopmental benefit is worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica E. D’Souza
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Henry A. Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
| | | | - John B. Lasekan
- Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gastaldello A, Giampieri F, Quiles JL, Navarro-Hortal MD, Aparicio S, García Villena E, Tutusaus Pifarre K, De Giuseppe R, Grosso G, Cianciosi D, Forbes-Hernández TY, Nabavi SM, Battino M. Adherence to the Mediterranean-Style Eating Pattern and Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102028. [PMID: 35631175 PMCID: PMC9144566 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a serious degenerative disease affecting the eyes, and is the main cause of severe vision loss among people >55 years of age in developed countries. Its onset and progression have been associated with several genetic and lifestyle factors, with diet appearing to play a pivotal role in the latter. In particular, dietary eating patterns rich in plant foods have been shown to lower the risk of developing the disease, and to decrease the odds of progressing to more advanced stages in individuals already burdened with early AMD. We systematically reviewed the literature to analyse the relationship between the adherence to a Mediterranean diet, a mainly plant-based dietary pattern, and the onset/progression of AMD. Eight human observational studies were analysed. Despite some differences, they consistently indicate that higher adherence to a Mediterranean eating pattern lowers the odds of developing AMD and decreases the risk of progression to more advanced stages of the disease, establishing the way for preventative measures emphasizing dietary patterns rich in plant-foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Gastaldello
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80200, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.)
| | - José L. Quiles
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (M.D.N.-H.); (T.Y.F.-H.)
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (M.D.N.-H.); (T.Y.F.-H.)
| | - Silvia Aparicio
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Internacional do Cuanza Bairro Kaluanda, Cuito EN 250, Bié, Angola
| | - Eduardo García Villena
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department de Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Campeche, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Kilian Tutusaus Pifarre
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department de Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Campeche, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (M.D.N.-H.); (T.Y.F.-H.)
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, Spain; (A.G.); (J.L.Q.); (S.A.); (E.G.V.); (K.T.P.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morton SU, Leyshon BJ, Tamilia E, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Ladha I, Lasekan JB, Kuchan MJ, Grant PE, Ou Y. A Role for Data Science in Precision Nutrition and Early Brain Development. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892259. [PMID: 35815018 PMCID: PMC9259898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide biomarkers of early influences on neurodevelopment such as nutrition, environmental and genetic factors. As the exposure to early influences can be separated from neurodevelopmental outcomes by many months or years, MRI markers can serve as an important intermediate outcome in multivariate analyses of neurodevelopmental determinants. Key to the success of such work are recent advances in data science as well as the growth of relevant data resources. Multimodal MRI assessment of neurodevelopment can be supplemented with other biomarkers of neurodevelopment such as electroencephalograms, magnetoencephalogram, and non-imaging biomarkers. This review focuses on how maternal nutrition impacts infant brain development, with three purposes: (1) to summarize the current knowledge about how nutrition in stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding impact infant brain development; (2) to discuss multimodal MRI and other measures of early neurodevelopment; and (3) to discuss potential opportunities for data science and artificial intelligence to advance precision nutrition. We hope this review can facilitate the collaborative march toward precision nutrition during pregnancy and the first year of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Imran Ladha
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al-Hassan A, Vyas R, Zhang Y, Sisitsky M, Gagoski B, Litt JS, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y, Morton SU. Assessment of Maternal Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) as a Potential Marker for Dietary Carotenoid Intake during Lactation in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010182. [PMID: 35011057 PMCID: PMC8746783 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation can change the maternal nutrient reserve. Non-invasive, quantitative markers of maternal nutrient intake could enable personalized dietary recommendations that improve health outcomes in mothers and infants. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is a candidate marker, as MPOD values generally reflect carotenoid intake. We evaluated the association of MPOD with dietary and breastmilk carotenoids in postpartum women. MPOD measurements and dietary intake of five carotenoids were obtained from 80 mothers in the first three months postpartum. Breastmilk samples from a subset of mothers were analyzed to determine their nutrient composition. The association between MPOD and dietary or breastmilk carotenoids was quantitatively assessed to better understand the availability and mobilization of carotenoids. Our results showed that dietary α-carotene was positively correlated with MPOD. Of the breastmilk carotenoids, 13-cis-lutein and trans-lutein were correlated with MPOD when controlled for the total lutein in breastmilk. Other carotenoids in breastmilk were not associated with MPOD. Maternal MPOD is positively correlated with dietary intake of α-carotene in the early postpartum period, as well as with the breastmilk content of lutein. MPOD may serve as a potential marker for the intake of carotenoids, especially α-carotene, in mothers in the early postpartum period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ateka Al-Hassan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
| | - Matthew J. Kuchan
- Nutrition and Brain Health, Clinical Research, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - John B. Lasekan
- Nutrition and Brain Health, Clinical Research, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.O.); (S.U.M.)
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.O.); (S.U.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Distribution in the Healthy Macula and Its Association with Various Demographic Factors Examined in Pseudophakic Eyes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121857. [PMID: 34942960 PMCID: PMC8698861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The macular pigment consisting of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) protects photoreceptors via its antioxidative and barrier activities. This study aimed to determine L and Z distribution in the healthy macula and their association with various demographic factors. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was measured using fundus autofluorescence spectroscopy in 352 pseudophakic eyes with no fundus diseases. Pseudophakia was chosen to avoid the influence of cataract in the measurement of fundus autofluorescence. The mean patient age was 72.3 ± 8.6 years. MPOD was analyzed separately in three zones, i.e., A: a central area within a radius of 0.5°, mainly containing Z; B: a ring area with radii from 0.5° to 1.3°, containing Z and L; C: a ring area with radii from 1.3° to 9°, containing L. Multivariate analyses were performed with MPOD as the dependent variable and sex, supplement intake, smoking habits, glaucoma, diabetes, age, body mass index (BMI), skin carotenoid levels, retinal thickness, retinal volume, axial length as the independent variables. The mean total MPOD volume within 9° eccentricity was 20,121 ± 6293. Age was positively associated with MPOD in all zones. Supplement and BMI were positively and negatively associated with MPOD in zones B and C. Smoking was negatively associated with MPOD in zone A. This study revealed the standard MP values of aged Japanese, which resulted to be higher than the previously reported values in other races. Age was found to have a positive association with MP values. L in the outer foveola was affected by BMI and supplements, but Z in the foveola was not. The amount of Z in the Müller cell cone may not be changed easily by factors such as hunger and satiety in the context of preservation of homeostasis in the human body, but tobacco had a negative effect on Z.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hayashi R, Hayashi S, Machida S. Changes in macular pigment optical density among pseudophakic patients following intake of a lutein-containing supplement. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:828-836. [PMID: 34148037 DOI: 10.1159/000517573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rijo Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Shimmin Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Japan
- Lively Eye Clinic, Soka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Machida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on resting state functional connectivity in older Caucasian adults: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:668-681. [PMID: 30680611 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-00034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) accumulate in retinal regions of the eye and have long been shown to benefit visual health. A growing literature suggests cognitive benefits as well, particularly in older adults. The present randomized controlled trial sought to investigate the effects of L and Z on brain function using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It was hypothesized that L and Z supplementation would (1) improve intra-network integrity of default mode network (DMN) and (2) reduce inter-network connectivity between DMN and other resting state networks. 48 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 72 years) were randomly assigned to receive a daily L (10 mg) and Z (2 mg) supplement or a placebo for 1 year. Resting state fMRI data were acquired at baseline and post-intervention. A dictionary learning and sparse coding computational framework, based on machine learning principles, was used to investigate intervention-related changes in functional connectivity. DMN integrity was evaluated by calculating spatial overlap rate with a well-established DMN template provided in the neuroscience literature. Inter-network connectivity was evaluated via time series correlations between DMN and nine other resting state networks. Contrary to expectation, results indicated that L and Z significantly increased rather than decreased inter-network connectivity (Cohen's d = 0.89). A significant intra-network effect on DMN integrity was not observed. Rather than restoring what has been described in the available literature as a "youth-like" pattern of intrinsic brain activity, L and Z may facilitate the aging brain's capacity for compensation by enhancing integration between networks that tend to be functionally segregated earlier in the lifespan.
Collapse
|
12
|
Davey PG, Lievens C, Ammono-Monney S. Differences in macular pigment optical density across four ethnicities: a comparative study. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2020; 12:2515841420924167. [PMID: 32596637 PMCID: PMC7297487 DOI: 10.1177/2515841420924167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare macular pigment optical density levels across four different ethnicities and study its influence on ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness across these ethnicities. Methods: Consenting adults visiting the ophthalmology and optometry clinics for a routine eye examination without any ocular comorbidity were enrolled. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography for macular thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and ganglion cell layer thickness. The macular pigment optical density levels were determined in the dominant eye using the QuantifEye device by trained observers. Results: In total, 336 eyes of 336 participants with a mean age of 39.2 ± 14.4 years were included of which 103 (30%) were Caucasians, 111 (33%) were African Americans, 29 (9%) were South Asian Indians and 94 (28%) were Hispanics. The mean macular pigment optical density value across the entire study population was 0.47 ± 0.15. South Asian Indians (0.58 ± 0.16) and Hispanics (0.52 ± 0.15) had significantly higher mean macular pigment optical density values compared with Caucasians (0.41 ± 0.16) and African Americans (0.38 ± 0.15). Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant association between ethnicities and macular pigment optical density values when adjusted for age (β coefficient = 0.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.029–0.58, p < 0.001 for South Asian Indian and Hispanic ethnic groups compared with African Americans). There were no differences in the retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell layer thickness across ethnic groups. Linear regression analysis also did not reveal any significant association between macular pigment optical density levels and retinal nerve fibre layer or ganglion cell layer thickness. Conclusion: Caucasians and African Americans have lower macular pigment optical density compared with South Asian Indians and Hispanics. There is no clinically significant association between macular pigment optical density levels and retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell layer thickness in healthy individuals across races.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinakin Gunvant Davey
- College of Optometry, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. 2nd St., Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Widomska J, SanGiovanni JP, Subczynski WK. Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051333. [PMID: 32392888 PMCID: PMC7284714 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manipulation of Culture Conditions: Tool for Correlating/Improving Lipid and Carotenoid Production by Rhodotorula glutinis. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The coproduction of lipid and carotenoid by red yeasts in one cycle is more convenient and economical for the industrial sectors, while the kinetics correlation between both products under different culture conditions has been scarcely studied. This study is aiming to correlate the impact of different carbon sources, carbon to phosphorus ratio (C/P), temperature, aeration, pH, and metals on dry cell weight, lipid (GC and fluorescence microscope), and carotenoid (HPLC) production by Rhodotorula glutinis, and applying a novel feeding approach using a 5 L bioreactor to enhance carotenoid and unsaturated fatty acid production by R. glutinis. Whatever the culture condition is, the reversible correlation between lipid and carotenoid production was detected. Remarkably, when adding 0.1 mM BaCl2, cellular lipid was significantly increased 14% more than the control, with 79.3% unsaturated fatty acid (46% C18:2 and C18:3) and 50% γ-carotene, while adding 1 mM NiSO4, cellular carotenoid was enhanced around 53% than the control (torulene 88%) with 81% unsaturated fatty acid (61% oleic acid). Excitingly, 68.8 g/l biomass with 41% cellular lipid (79% unsaturated fatty acid) and 426 µgpigment/gdcw cellular carotenoid (29.3 mg/L) (71% torulene) were obtained, when the pH-temperature dual controlled process combined with metallo-sulfo-phospho-glucose feeding approach in the 5 L bioreactor during the accumulation phase was conducted. This is the first study on the kinetic correlation between lipid and carotenoid under different C/P ratio and the dual effect of different metals like NiSO4 on lipid and carotenoid production by red oleaginous yeasts, which in turn significant for enhancing the coproduction of lipid and carotenoid by R. glutinis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cerezal Mezquita P, Morales J, Palma J, Ruiz MDC, Jáuregui M. Stability of Lutein Obtained from Muriellopsis sp biomass and used as a natural colorant and antioxidant in a mayonnaise-like dressing sauce. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1609091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cerezal Mezquita
- Laboratorio de Microencapsulación de Compuestos Bioactivos (LAMICBA) del Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACSA), Universidad de Antofagasta. Avda. Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Juan Morales
- Laboratorio de Microalgas y Análisis. Edificio LEA. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos (FACIMAR), Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jenifer Palma
- Laboratorio de Microencapsulación de Compuestos Bioactivos (LAMICBA) del Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACSA), Universidad de Antofagasta. Avda. Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Maria Del Carmen Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microencapsulación de Compuestos Bioactivos (LAMICBA) del Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACSA), Universidad de Antofagasta. Avda. Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Marjorie Jáuregui
- Laboratorio de Microencapsulación de Compuestos Bioactivos (LAMICBA) del Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACSA), Universidad de Antofagasta. Avda. Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Otani Y, Maoka T, Kawai-Noma S, Saito K, Umeno D. Construction of a pathway to C50-ε-carotene. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216729. [PMID: 31086389 PMCID: PMC6516660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrate tolerance of bacterial cyclases has been demonstrated in various contexts, but little is known about that of plant cyclases. Here, we tested two plant ε-cyclases to convert C50-lycopene, which we previously established by rounds of directed evolution. Unlike bacterial β-cyclases, two-end cyclase from lettuce exhibited complete specificity against this molecule, indicating that this enzyme has some mechanism that exerts size-specificity. Arabidopsis one-end cyclase At-y2 showed detectable activity to C50-lycopene. Interestingly, we found that it functions as a two-end cyclase in a C50 context. Based on this observation, a possible model for substrate discrimination of this enzyme is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otani
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeko Kawai-Noma
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cannavale CN, Hassevoort KM, Edwards CG, Thompson SV, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Erdman JW, Cohen NJ, Khan NA. Serum Lutein is related to Relational Memory Performance. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040768. [PMID: 30986960 PMCID: PMC6521141 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carotenoids, plant pigments with anti-oxidant properties, accumulate in neural tissue and are often found in lower concentrations among individuals with obesity. Given previous evidence of negative associations between excess adiposity and memory, it is possible that greater carotenoid status may confer neuroprotective effects among persons with overweight or obesity. This study aimed to elucidate relationships between carotenoids assessed in diet, serum, and the macula (macular pigment optical density (MPOD)) and relational memory among adults who are overweight or obese. Adults aged 25-45 years (N = 94) completed a spatial reconstruction task. Task performance was evaluated for accuracy of item placement during reconstruction relative to the location of the item during the study phase. Dietary carotenoids were assessed using 7-day diet records. Serum carotenoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between carotenoids and task performance. Although initial correlations indicated that dietary lutein, beta-carotene, and serum beta-carotene were positively associated with memory performance, these relationships were not sustained following adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Serum lutein remained positively associated with accuracy in object binding and inversely related to misplacement error after controlling for covariates. Macular carotenoids were not related to memory performance. Findings from this study indicate that among the carotenoids evaluated, lutein may play an important role in hippocampal function among adults who are overweight or obese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N Cannavale
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Kelsey M Hassevoort
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Sharon V Thompson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Center for Brain Plasticity, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Romano MR, Cennamo G, Grassi P, Sparnelli F, Allegrini D, Cennamo G. Changes in macular pigment optical density after membrane peeling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197034. [PMID: 29758035 PMCID: PMC5951543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To highlight the differences in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) between eyes with vitreoretinal interface syndrome and healthy control eyes, to assess the changes in MPOD in eyes treated with macular peeling, to investigate the relationships between MPOD changes and measures of retinal sensitivity such as best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry. Methods In this cross-sectional comparative study, 30 eyes affected by idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM, 15eyes) or full-thickness macular hole (FTMH, 15eyes) were compared with 60 eyes from 30 healthy age-matched patients. MPOD values (mean MPOD, maximum MPOD, MPOD area, and MPOD volume) were measured in a range of 4°–7° of eccentricity around the fovea, using the one-wavelength reflectometry method (Visucam 200, Carl-Zeiss Meditec). Patients affected by iERM and FTMH were treated with vitrectomy and epiretinal membrane-inner limiting membrane (ERM-ILM) peeling, with follow-up examinations performed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The main outcome measures were the differences in MPOD between eyes with vitreoretinal interface syndrome and healthy eyes, changes in MPOD after ERM-ILM peeling, and relationships between MPOD and functional changes. Results Mean MPOD differed significantly between control eyes and those with iERM (P = .0001) or FTMH (P = .0006). The max MPOD and MPOD area increased, but not significantly. After peeling, the only significant change in MPOD was in MPOD volume (P = .01). In the ERM group, postoperative mean MPOD correlated significantly with best-corrected visual acuity (r = .739, P = .002). Conclusions MPOD was reduced in patients with iERM or FTMH compared with healthy eyes. We found a significant correlation between the mean postoperative MPOD and postoperative BCVA, hypothesizing that the postoperative increase in mean MPOD could be due to a change in distribution for unfolding and expansion of the fovea after the peeling. MOPD may be considered as a prognostic factor associated with a good visual prognosis in patients with iERM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario R. Romano
- Eye Clinic, Department of Bioscience, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piergiacomo Grassi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Sparnelli
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Allegrini
- Eye Clinic, Department of Bioscience, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Cennamo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mewborn CM, Lindbergh CA, Robinson TL, Gogniat MA, Terry DP, Jean KR, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond LM, Miller LS. Lutein and Zeaxanthin Are Positively Associated with Visual-Spatial Functioning in Older Adults: An fMRI Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040458. [PMID: 29642425 PMCID: PMC5946243 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) are two xanthophyll carotenoids that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous work has demonstrated their importance for eye health and preventing diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. An emerging literature base has also demonstrated the importance of L and Z in cognition, neural structure, and neural efficiency. The present study aimed to better understand the mechanisms by which L and Z relate to cognition, in particular, visual–spatial processing and decision-making in older adults. We hypothesized that markers of higher levels of L and Z would be associated with better neural efficiency during a visual–spatial processing task. L and Z were assessed via standard measurement of blood serum and retinal concentrations. Visual–spatial processing and decision-making were assessed via a judgment of line orientation task (JLO) completed during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. The results demonstrated that individuals with higher concentrations of L and Z showed a decreased blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal during task performance (i.e., “neural efficiency”) in key areas associated with visual–spatial perception, processing, decision-making, and motor coordination, including the lateral occipital cortex, occipital pole, superior and middle temporal gyri, superior parietal lobule, superior and middle frontal gyri, and pre- and post-central gyri. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the relationship of L and Z to visual–spatial processing at a neural level using in vivo methodology. Our findings suggest that L and Z may impact brain health and cognition in older adults by enhancing neurobiological efficiency in a variety of regions that support visual perception and decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cutter A Lindbergh
- Department of Psychology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Talia L Robinson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Marissa A Gogniat
- Department of Psychology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Douglas P Terry
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Kharine R Jean
- Department of Psychology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | | - Lisa M Renzi-Hammond
- Department of Psychology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- Institute of Gerontology, Department of Health Promotions and Behavior, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kot AM, Błażejak S, Gientka I, Kieliszek M, Bryś J. Torulene and torularhodin: "new" fungal carotenoids for industry? Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:49. [PMID: 29587755 PMCID: PMC5870927 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Torulene and torularhodin represent the group of carotenoids and are synthesized by yeasts and fungi. The most important producers of these two compounds include yeasts of Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces genera. The first reports confirming the presence of torulene and torularhodin in the cells of microorganisms date to the 1930s and 1940s; however, only in the past few years, the number of works describing the properties of these compounds increased. These compounds have strong anti-oxidative and anti-microbial properties, and thus may be successfully used as food, feedstock, and cosmetics additives. In addition, tests performed on rats and mice showed that both torulene and torularhodin have anti-cancerous properties. In order to commercialize the production of these two carotenoids, it is necessary to obtain highly efficient yeast strains, for example, via mutagenization and optimization of cultivation conditions. Further studies on the activity of torulene and torularhodin on the human body are also needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kot
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study constitutes the first randomized controlled trial to investigate the relation of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) to brain function using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It was hypothesized that L and Z supplementation in older adults would enhance neural efficiency (i.e., reduce activation) and cognitive performance on a verbal learning task relative to placebo. METHODS A total of 44 community-dwelling older adults (mean age=72 years) were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or L+Z supplementation (12 mg/daily) for 1 year. Neurocognitive performance was assessed at baseline and post-intervention on an fMRI-adapted task involving learning and recalling word pairs. Imaging contrasts of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal were created by subtracting active control trials from learning and recall trials. A flexible factorial model was employed to investigate the expected group (placebo vs. supplement) by time (baseline vs. post-intervention) interaction in pre-specified regions-of-interest. RESULTS L and Z appeared to buffer cognitive decline on the verbal learning task (Cohen's d=.84). Significant interactions during learning were observed in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (p < .05, family-wise-error corrected). However, these effects were in the direction of increased rather than decreased BOLD signal. Although the omnibus interaction was not significant during recall, within-group contrasts revealed significant increases in left prefrontal activation in the supplement group only. CONCLUSIONS L and Z supplementation appears to benefit neurocognitive function by enhancing cerebral perfusion, even if consumed for a discrete period of time in late life. (JINS, 2018, 24, 77-90).
Collapse
|
22
|
Relation of Retinal and Serum Lutein and Zeaxanthin to White Matter Integrity in Older Adults: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 33:861-874. [DOI: 10.1093/acn/acx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
23
|
Ozawa Y, Shigeno Y, Nagai N, Suzuki M, Kurihara T, Minami S, Hirano E, Shinoda H, Kobayashi S, Tsubota K. Absolute and estimated values of macular pigment optical density in young and aged Asian participants with or without age-related macular degeneration. BMC Ophthalmol 2017; 17:161. [PMID: 28851319 PMCID: PMC5576241 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lutein and zeaxanthin are suggested micronutrient supplements to prevent the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness worldwide. To monitor the levels of lutein/zeaxanthin in the macula, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is measured. A commercially available device (MPSII®, Elektron Technology, Switzerland), using technology based on heterochromatic flicker photometry, can measure both absolute and estimated values of MPOD. However, whether the estimated value is applicable to Asian individuals and/or AMD patients remains to be determined. Methods The absolute and estimated values of MPOD were measured using the MPSII® device in 77 participants with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) > 0.099 (logMAR score). Results The studied eyes included 17 young (20–29 years) healthy, 26 aged (>50 years) healthy, 18 aged and AMD-fellow, and 16 aged AMD eyes. The mean BCVA among the groups were not significantly different. Both absolute and estimated values were measurable in all eyes of young healthy group. However, absolute values were measurable in only 57.7%, 66.7%, and 43.8%, of the aged healthy, AMD-fellow, and AMD groups, respectively, and 56.7% of the eyes included in the 3 aged groups. In contrast, the estimated value was measurable in 84.6%, 88.9% and 93.8% of the groups, respectively, and 88.3% of eyes in the pooled aged group. The estimated value was correlated with absolute value in individuals from all groups by Spearman’s correlation coefficient analyses (young healthy: R2 = 0.885, P = 0.0001; aged healthy: R2 = 0.765, P = 0.001; AMD-fellow: R2 = 0.851, P = 0.0001; and AMD: R2 = 0.860, P = 0.013). Using the estimated value, significantly lower MPOD values were found in aged AMD-related eyes, which included both AMD-fellow and AMD eyes, compared with aged healthy eyes by Student’s t-test (P = 0.02). Conclusions Absolute, in contrast to estimated, value was measurable in a limited number of aged participants; however, it was correlated with estimated value both in young and aged Asian populations with or without AMD. These results may inform future clinical studies investigating the measurement of MPOD in understanding the role of macular pigments in the pathogenesis of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuta Shigeno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Misa Suzuki
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sakiko Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Hirano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hajime Shinoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Saori Kobayashi
- Wakasa Seikatsu Co., Ltd., 134 Chudoujiminami-cho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stevens R, Bartlett H, Cooke R. Evaluation of a clinical decision-making aid for nutrition advice in age-related macular degeneration. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2017; 35:185-196. [PMID: 28943693 PMCID: PMC5595240 DOI: 10.1177/0264619616683989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular disease (AMD) is a multifactorial degenerative condition affecting the central area of the retina. Patients with AMD report that eye care practitioners are not giving consistent advice regarding nutrition and reported confusion as to what advice, if any, to follow. The aim of this study was to design and conduct a preliminary evaluation of a flowchart to support eye care practitioners in providing accurate, evidence-based nutritional advice to their patients. A flowchart was designed to take practitioners through a decision-making process that would determine whether a patient matched the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) 2 eligibility criteria for supplementation. The flowchart was evaluated using a qualified and student optometrist cohort, with both cohorts completing confidence scales and students completing clinical scenarios. Qualified participants showed a significant increase in confidence scores from the initial survey (M = 69.7%, standard deviation [SD] = 16.2%) to the second survey after use of the flowchart for 2 weeks (M = 82.1%, SD = 11.6%; t(45) = 7.33, p < .001; rs = .61, p < .001). The student participants also increased confidence scored after receiving the flowchart (M of first survey = 41.7, SD = 14.6; M of second survey = 69.1, SD = 1.7; t(25) = 7.92, d = .81, p < .001) and increased the number of correct answers on five clinical scenarios. Overall, the flowchart has proved to be useful in boosting the self-efficacy of both qualified practitioners and student practitioners, as well as improving clinical decisions made by student practitioners.
Collapse
|
25
|
Barnett SM, Khan NA, Walk AM, Raine LB, Moulton C, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond L, Hillman CH. Macular pigment optical density is positively associated with academic performance among preadolescent children. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 21:632-640. [PMID: 28535707 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1329976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) - a non-invasive indicator of retinal xanthophylls and correlate of brain lutein - has been associated with superior cognitive function among adult populations. Given that lutein accumulation in the brain occurs in early life, it is possible that the cognitive implications of greater MPOD may be evident in childhood. METHODS Participants aged 8-9 years (n = 56) completed MPOD measurements via heterochromatic flicker photometry. Academic performance was assessed using the Kaufman Test of Academic and Educational Achievement II (KTEA). Habitual dietary intake of L and Z was measured among a subsample of participants (n = 35) using averaged 3-day food records. Stepwise hierarchical regression models were developed to determine the relationship between MPOD and academic achievement tests, following the adjustment of key covariates including sex, aerobic fitness, body composition, and intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS The regression analyses revealed that MPOD improved the model, beyond the covariates, for overall academic achievement (ΔR2 = 0.10, P < 0.01), mathematics (ΔR2 = 0.07, P = 0.02), and written language composite standard scores (ΔR2 = 0.15, P < 0.01). DISCUSSION This is the first study to demonstrate that retinal L and Z, measured as MPOD, is positively related to academic achievement in children, even after accounting for the robust effects of IQ and other demographic factors. These findings extend the positive associations observed between MPOD and cognitive abilities to a pediatric population. Trail registration: The Fitness Improves Thinking in Kids 2 (FITKids2) trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01619826.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha M Barnett
- a School of Food Science, Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- b Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA.,c Neuroscience Program , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA.,d Division of Nutritional Sciences , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Anne M Walk
- b Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Lauren B Raine
- e Department of Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| | | | - Neal J Cohen
- g Department of Psychology , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA.,h Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA.,i Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory , University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- e Department of Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA.,h Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Billy R Hammond
- j Department of Psychology , University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | | | - Charles H Hillman
- e Department of Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA.,k Department of Health Sciences , Northeastern University , Boston , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Transcriptome Analysis of Orange Head Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) and Molecular Marker Development. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:6835810. [PMID: 28470009 PMCID: PMC5392394 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6835810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the visual appearance and high carotenoid content, orange inner leaves are a desirable trait for the Chinese cabbage. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of orange inner leaves, the BrCRTISO (Bra031539) gene, as the Br-or candidate gene, was analyzed among the white and orange varieties, and 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. However, only one SNP (C952 to T952) altered the amino acid sequence, resulting in a mutation from Leu318 to Phe318 in the orange varieties. Additionally, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the orange and white F2 individuals (14-401 × 14-490) and found four downregulated genes were involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, which may lead to the accumulation of prolycopene and other carotenoid pigments in the orange inner leaves. In addition, we developed a novel InDel marker in the first intron, which cosegregates with the phenotypes of orange color inner leaves. In conclusion, these findings enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism of pigment accumulation in the inner leaves of the Chinese cabbage. Additionally, the SNP (C952 to T952) and the InDel marker will facilitate the marker-assisted selection during Chinese cabbage breeding.
Collapse
|
27
|
Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6469138. [PMID: 28154734 PMCID: PMC5244028 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6469138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. In this narrative review, we will summarize the nutritional interventions evaluated in numerous observational studies and a few randomized clinical trials. The AREDS and AREDS2 studies demonstrated that supplements including vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and zinc may reduce the progression to advanced AMD, in some patients, by 25% in five years. This is one of the few nutritional supplements known to have beneficial effects in any eye disease. Lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation may have beneficial effects in some individuals whereas omega-3 fatty acids supplementation needs to be further investigated and supported by more evidence. Genetic factors may explain the different patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. More importantly, a combination of lifestyle behaviors such as the avoidance of smoking, physical activity, and the adoption of a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower prevalence of AMD. The adoption of these lifestyles may reduce the prevalence of the early stages of AMD and decrease the number of individuals who develop advanced AMD and consequently the onerous and climbing costs associated with the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Relationship of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Levels to Neurocognitive Functioning: An fMRI Study of Older Adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2017; 23:11-22. [PMID: 27776568 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is well known that the carotenoids lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) improve eye health and an accumulating evidence base suggests cognitive benefits as well. The present study investigated underlying neural mechanisms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It was hypothesized that lower L and Z concentrations would be associated with neurobiological inefficiency (i.e., increased activation) during cognitive performance. METHODS Forty-three community-dwelling older adults (mean age=72 years; 58% female; 100% Caucasian) were asked to learn and recall pairs of unrelated words in an fMRI-adapted paradigm. L and Z levels were measured in retina (macular pigment optical density) and serum using validated procedures. RESULTS Following first-level contrasts of encoding and retrieval trials minus control trials (p<.05, family-wise error corrected, minimum voxel cluster=8), L and Z were found to significantly and negatively relate to blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in central and parietal operculum cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, planum polare, frontal and middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, occipital cortex bilaterally, and cerebellar regions. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the present study represents the first attempt to investigate neural mechanisms underlying the relation of L and Z to cognition using fMRI. The observed results suggest that L and Z promote cognitive functioning in old age by enhancing neural efficiency. (JINS, 2017, 23, 11-22).
Collapse
|
29
|
Lutein and zeaxanthin supplied by red/orange foods and fruits are more closely associated with macular pigment optical density than those from green vegetables in Spanish subjects. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1210-1221. [PMID: 27866829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin (L+Z) accumulate in the retina. Although vegetables are major contributors to their intake, a stronger association between fruits and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) has been reported. We hypothesized that L+Z intake from fruits would have a stronger association with L+Z status markers (MPOD, serum concentrations) than intake from vegetables or eggs, and that those associations would also differ according to plant foods color. One hundred eight subjects (57 men; age groups, 20-35 and 45-65 years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. L+Z intake from fruits, vegetables, and eggs was determined using three 24-hour diet recalls and a country-specific carotenoid database. Vegetables were the major contributors (75%) to L+Z intake, followed by eggs (10%) and fruits (4%). Vegetables supplied 86% and 84% of the LandZ intake, respectively, and fruits supplied 3% and 16%. Green foods supplied 78% and 52% of LandZ, respectively, followed by red/orange (9% and 38%) and white/yellow (14% and 9%). Factorial analysis showed associations in older subjects. The explained variance of the first 2 principal components was 54% considering L+Z intake from fruits, vegetables, and eggs, and 55% considering L+Z intake from plant foods grouped by color. Macular pigment optical density is related to L+Z intake from fruits (0.264, P=.003) and is independent of that from vegetables and eggs. It is related to L+Z intake from red/orange foods (0.320, P=.000) and the serum concentrations to that from green foods (0.222, P=.11). Although vegetables and green foods of plant origin are the major contributors to L+Z intake, red/orange foods and fruits have the strongest relationship to MPOD in study participants (45-65 years of age).
Collapse
|
30
|
Rabin J, Houser B, Talbert C, Patel R. Blue-Black or White-Gold? Early Stage Processing and the Color of 'The Dress'. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161090. [PMID: 27580077 PMCID: PMC5007038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In Feb 2015 an image of a dress posted on Tumblr triggered an internet phenomenon: Is the Dress blue and black (BB) or white and gold (WG)? Many claim BB and others insist WG while the true colors are BB. The prevailing theory is that assumptions about the illuminant govern perception of the Dress with WG due to bluish lighting and BB due to yellowish. Our purpose was to determine if early stage optical, retinal and/or neural factors also impact perception of the Dress. Methods Thirty-nine subjects were categorized as BB or WG based on their initial perception of the Dress and their perception reported when viewing the Dress on iPhone 5, iPad, and 22” LCD displays. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) measured with the QuantifEye™ MPS II and visual brainwaves (VEPs) in response to brief presentations of a transparency of the Dress illuminated by a flashing light were measured on each subject and compared between BB and WG groups. Additionally, CIE chromaticity (color) and luminance (brightness) were measured from multiple areas of the Dress image to determine cone stimulation and contrast. Results Mean MPOD was higher in the WG group (0.49) vs. the BB (0.41, p = 0.04) and median values were higher as well (WG = 0.46, BB = 0.36, p = 0.03). There was no difference in VEP amplitude between groups (p > 0.85) but mean VEP latency was longer in WG (130 msec.) vs. the BB group (107 msec., p = 0.0005). Colorimetry of the Dress showed significantly greater stimulation of blue cones (contrast = 73%) vs. red and green sensitive cones (contrast = 13%). Conclusions Our findings indicate that observers with denser MPOD may be predisposed to perceive the Dress as WG due to great absorption of blue light by the macular pigment. Moreover, the novel, substantial stimulation of blue cones by the Dress may contribute to ambiguity and dichotomous perception since the blue cones are so sparse in the retina. Finally, the delayed WG VEPs indicate distinct neural processing in perception of the consistent with fMRI evidence that the WG percept is processed at higher cortical levels than the BB. These results do not fully explain the dichotomous perception of the Dress but do exemplify the need to consider early stage processing when elucidating ambiguous percepts and figures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rabin
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brook Houser
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Talbert
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruh Patel
- Rosenberg School of Optometry, University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kelly D, Coen RF, Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Dennison J, Moran R, Stack J, Howard AN, Mulcahy R, Nolan JM. Cognitive Function and Its Relationship with Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of its Constituent Carotenoids. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:261-77. [PMID: 26401946 PMCID: PMC4923753 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Macular pigment (MP) levels correlate with brain concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), and have also been shown to correlate with cognitive performance in the young and elderly. Objective: To investigate the relationship between MP, serum concentrations of L and Z, and cognitive function in subjects free of retinal disease with low MP (Group 1, n = 105) and in subjects with AMD (Group 2, n = 121). Methods: MP was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and dual-wavelength autofluorescence; cognitive function was assessed using a battery of validated cognition tests; serum L and Z concentrations were determined by HPLC. Results: Significant correlations were evident between MP and various measures of cognitive function in both groups (r = –0.273 to 0.261, p≤0.05, for all). Both serum L and Z concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.187, p≤0.05 and r = 0.197, p≤0.05, respectively) with semantic (animal) fluency cognitive scores in Group 2 (the AMD study group), while serum L concentrations also correlated significantly with Verbal Recognition Memory learning slope scores in the AMD study group (r = 0.200, p = 0.031). Most of the correlations with MP, but not serum L or Z, remained significant after controlling for age, gender, diet, and education level. Conclusion: MP offers potential as a non-invasive clinical biomarker of cognitive health, and appears more successful in this role than serum concentrations of L or Z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kelly
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Robert F Coen
- Memory Clinic, Mercers Institute for Research on Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.,Institute of Vision Research, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jessica Dennison
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Jim Stack
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Riona Mulcahy
- University Hospital Waterford, Age-Related Care Unit, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu J, Cho E, Willett WC, Sastry SM, Schaumberg DA. Intakes of Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Other Carotenoids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration During 2 Decades of Prospective Follow-up. JAMA Ophthalmol 2016; 133:1415-24. [PMID: 26447482 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Despite strong biological plausibility, evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials on the relations between intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been inconsistent. The roles of other carotenoids are less thoroughly investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between intakes of carotenoids and AMD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study, with cohorts from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study in the United States. A total of 63,443 women and 38,603 men were followed up, from 1984 until May 31, 2010, in the Nurses' Health Study and from 1986 until January 31, 2010, in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. All participants were aged 50 years or older and were free of diagnosed AMD, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Predicted plasma carotenoid scores were computed directly from food intake, assessed by repeated food frequency questionnaires at baseline and follow-up, using validated regression models to account for bioavailability and reporting validity of different foods, and associations between predicted plasma carotenoid scores and AMD were determined. RESULTS We confirmed 1361 incident intermediate and 1118 advanced AMD cases (primarily neovascular AMD) with a visual acuity of 20/30 or worse by medical record review. Comparing extreme quintiles of predicted plasma lutein/zeaxanthin score, we found a risk reduction for advanced AMD of about 40% in both women and men (pooled relative risk comparing extreme quintiles = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.48-0.73; P for trend < .001). Predicted plasma carotenoid scores for other carotenoids, including β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene, were associated with a 25% to 35% lower risk of advanced AMD when comparing extreme quintiles. The relative risk comparing extreme quintiles for the predicted plasma total carotenoid index was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53-0.80; P for trend < .001). We did not identify any associations of carotenoids, either as predicted plasma score or calculated intake, with intermediate AMD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher intake of bioavailable lutein/zeaxanthin is associated with a long-term reduced risk of advanced AMD. Given that some other carotenoids are also associated with a lower risk, a public health strategy aimed at increasing dietary consumption of a wide variety of fruits and vegetables rich in carotenoids may reduce the incidence of advanced AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island3Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island4Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts4Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Epidemiolog
| | | | - Debra A Schaumberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts7Moran Center for Translational Medicine, John A. Moran Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt L
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Widomska J, Zareba M, Subczynski WK. Can Xanthophyll-Membrane Interactions Explain Their Selective Presence in the Retina and Brain? Foods 2016; 5. [PMID: 27030822 PMCID: PMC4809277 DOI: 10.3390/foods5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that a high dietary intake of carotenoids may offer protection against age-related macular degeneration, cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Humans cannot synthesize carotenoids and depend on their dietary intake. Major carotenoids that have been found in human plasma can be divided into two groups, carotenes (nonpolar molecules, such as β-carotene, α-carotene or lycopene) and xanthophylls (polar carotenoids that include an oxygen atom in their structure, such as lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin). Only two dietary carotenoids, namely lutein and zeaxanthin (macular xanthophylls), are selectively accumulated in the human retina. A third carotenoid, meso-zeaxanthin, is formed directly in the human retina from lutein. Additionally, xanthophylls account for about 70% of total carotenoids in all brain regions. Some specific properties of these polar carotenoids must explain why they, among other available carotenoids, were selected during evolution to protect the retina and brain. It is also likely that the selective uptake and deposition of macular xanthophylls in the retina and brain are enhanced by specific xanthophyll-binding proteins. We hypothesize that the high membrane solubility and preferential transmembrane orientation of macular xanthophylls distinguish them from other dietary carotenoids, enhance their chemical and physical stability in retina and brain membranes and maximize their protective action in these organs. Most importantly, xanthophylls are selectively concentrated in the most vulnerable regions of lipid bilayer membranes enriched in polyunsaturated lipids. This localization is ideal if macular xanthophylls are to act as lipid-soluble antioxidants, which is the most accepted mechanism through which lutein and zeaxanthin protect neural tissue against degenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-479-7169
| | - Mariusz Zareba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
McCorkle SM, Raine LB, Hammond BR, Renzi-Hammond L, Hillman CH, Khan NA. Reliability of Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry in Measuring Macular Pigment Optical Density among Preadolescent Children. Foods 2015; 4:594-604. [PMID: 28231224 PMCID: PMC5224552 DOI: 10.3390/foods4040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macular pigment optical density (MPOD)-assessed using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (cHFP)-is related to better cognition and brain lutein among adults. However, the reliability of MPOD assessed by cHFP has not been investigated in children. We assessed inter-session reliability of MPOD using modified cHFP. 7-10-year-olds (n = 66) underwent cHFP over 2 visits using 11 examiners. Reliability was also assessed in a subsample (n = 46) with only 2 examiners. Among all participants, there was no significant difference between the two sessions (p = 0.59-session 1: 0.61 ± 0.28; session 2: 0.62 ± 0.27). There was no significant difference in the MPOD of boys vs. girls (p = 0.56). There was a significant correlation between sessions (Y = 0.52x + 0.31; R² = 0.29, p ≤ 0.005), with a reliability of 0.70 (Cronbach's α). Among the subsample with 2 examiners, there was a significant correlation between sessions (Y = 0.54x + 0.31; R² = 0.32, p < 0.005), with a reliability of 0.72 (Cronbach's α). In conclusion, there is moderate reliability for modified cHFP to measure MPOD in preadolescents. These findings provide support for future studies aiming to conduct noninvasive assessments of retinal xanthophylls and study their association with cognition during childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasha M. McCorkle
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; E-Mails: (L.B.R.); (C.H.H.)
| | - Billy R. Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA; E-Mails: (B.R.H.); (L.R-H.)
| | - Lisa Renzi-Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA; E-Mails: (B.R.H.); (L.R-H.)
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; E-Mails: (L.B.R.); (C.H.H.)
| | - Naiman A. Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; E-Mail:
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Louise Freer Hall, 906 S Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; E-Mails: (L.B.R.); (C.H.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-217-333-3893; Fax: +1-217-244-7322
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Association of macular pigment optical density with serum concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in healthy adults. Retina 2015; 35:820-6. [PMID: 25473786 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the association between macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which reflects lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) in the macula, and background characteristics. METHODS Fifty-five healthy adult volunteers were analyzed. Macular pigment optical density was measured using a heterochromatic flicker photometry technique, and serum concentrations of carotenoids and lipoproteins were by high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dietary intake of nutrient was determined by a validated self-administered questionnaire on ingestion frequency. RESULTS Macular pigment optical density was positively correlated with serum concentrations of L and Z and dietary L intake and inversely correlated with serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Although MPOD decreased with age (95% confidence interval, -0.011 to -0.002; correlation coefficient, -0.269; P = 0.007), serum L/Z and dietary L intake did not. In contrast, serum oxidized LDL was positively correlated with age (95% confidence interval, 0.69-2.34; correlation coefficient, 0.333; P = 0.0004). After adjusting for age, sex, and oxidized LDL, serum L was positively correlated with MPOD (95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.69; P = 0.000001). After adjusting for age, sex, and serum L, serum oxidized LDL was inversely correlated with MPOD (95% confidence interval, -0.002 to -0.0004; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Macular pigment optical density was inversely correlated with serum oxidized LDL. Further study to know the impact of oxidized LDL on MPOD may be warranted.
Collapse
|
36
|
Naberhuis JK, Lai CS. Enhanced delivery of lipophilic nutrients to the infant brain via high density lipoprotein. Med Hypotheses 2015; 85:680-5. [PMID: 26323246 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are the primary carriers of lipophilic cognitive nutrients such as docosahexaenoic acid, lutein, and α-tocopherol within circulation. The critical roles these nutrients play in growth and development are well established, and as such, their efficient delivery to the infant brain is crucial. Given the selectivity of the blood brain barrier, the lipoprotein fraction primarily responsible for brain delivery of these nutrients must be determined so that efforts aimed at increasing brain nutrient uptake, via lipoprotein profile manipulation, can be appropriately focused. Based on the preclinical and clinical data reviewed here, we hypothesize that high density lipoprotein is the fraction chiefly responsible for delivery of docosahexaenoic acid, lutein, and α-tocopherol to the infant brain. As high density lipoprotein levels tend to be lower in preterm, formula-fed infants as compared to their full-term, breast-fed counterparts, efforts aimed at increasing circulating high density lipoprotein levels, and subsequent delivery of cognitive lipophilic nutrients to the brain via manipulation of formula composition, may be most effective if targeted to this group. These efforts include (1) limiting the polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acid ratio; (2) increasing the casein: whey ratio; (3) altering the proportion of saturated fatty acids found in the sn-2 position of the parent triglyceride; (4) cholesterol supplementation; and (5) nucleotide supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Naberhuis
- Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Research Park at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - C-S Lai
- Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dietary analysis and nutritional behaviour in people with and without age-related macular disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e112-e117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Campbell R, Morris WL, Mortimer CL, Misawa N, Ducreux LJM, Morris JA, Hedley PE, Fraser PD, Taylor MA. Optimising ketocarotenoid production in potato tubers: effect of genetic background, transgene combinations and environment. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 234:27-37. [PMID: 25804807 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a high value carotenoid produced by some bacteria, a few green algae, several fungi but only a limited number of plants from the genus Adonis. Astaxanthin has been industrially exploited as a feed supplement in poultry farming and aquaculture. Consumption of ketocarotenoids, most notably astaxanthin, is also increasingly associated with a wide range of health benefits, as demonstrated in numerous clinical studies. Currently astaxanthin is produced commercially by chemical synthesis or from algal production systems. Several studies have used a metabolic engineering approach to produce astaxanthin in transgenic plants. Previous attempts to produce transgenic potato tubers biofortified with astaxanthin have met with limited success. In this study we have investigated approaches to optimising tuber astaxanthin content. It is demonstrated that the selection of appropriate parental genotype for transgenic approaches and stacking carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes with the cauliflower Or gene result in enhanced astaxanthin content, to give six-fold higher tuber astaxanthin content than has been achieved previously. Additionally we demonstrate the effects of growth environment on tuber carotenoid content in both wild type and astaxanthin-producing transgenic lines and describe the associated transcriptome and metabolome restructuring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Campbell
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Wayne L Morris
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Cara L Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-machi, Iskhikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Laurence J M Ducreux
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jenny A Morris
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Pete E Hedley
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, UK
| | - Mark A Taylor
- Cellular and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ulbricht C. An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Lutein by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 2015; 12:383-480. [PMID: 25616151 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2014.988577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An evidence-based systematic review of lutein by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
Collapse
|
40
|
Expression of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous cytochrome-P450 hydroxylase and reductase in Mucor circinelloides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:321-36. [PMID: 25504221 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that act as powerful antioxidants and have various beneficial effects on human and animal health. Mucor circinelloides (Mucoromycotina) is a carotenoid producing zygomycetes fungus, which accumulates β-carotene as the main carotenoid but also able to produce the hydroxylated derivatives of β-carotene (i.e. zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin) in low amount. These xanthophylls, together with the ketolated derivatives of β-carotene (such as canthaxanthin, echinenone and astaxanthin) have better antioxidant activity than β-carotene. In this study our aim was to modify and enhance the xanthophyll production of the M. circinelloides by expression of heterologous genes responsible for the astaxanthin biosynthesis. The crtS and crtR genes, encoding the cytochrome-P450 hydroxylase and reductase, respectively, of wild-type and astaxanthin overproducing mutant Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strains were amplified from cDNA and the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared to each other. Introduction of the crtS on autonomously replicating plasmid in the wild-type M. circinelloides resulted enhanced zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin accumulation and the presence of canthaxanthin, echinenone and astaxanthin in low amount; the β-carotene hydroxylase and ketolase activity of the X. dendrorhous cytochrome-P450 hydroxylase in M. circinelloides was verified. Increased canthaxanthin and echinenone production was observed by expression of the gene in a canthaxanthin producing mutant M. circinelloides. Co-expression of the crtR and crtS genes led to increase in the total carotenoid and slight change in xanthophyll accumulation in comparison with transformants harbouring the single crtS gene.
Collapse
|
41
|
Olmedilla-Alonso B, Beltrán-de-Miguel B, Estévez-Santiago R, Cuadrado-Vives C. Markers of lutein and zeaxanthin status in two age groups of men and women: dietary intake, serum concentrations, lipid profile and macular pigment optical density. Nutr J 2014; 13:52. [PMID: 24889185 PMCID: PMC4082277 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Lutein and zeaxanthin accumulate in retina (macular pigment). Their nutritional status can be assessed using dietary or biochemical markers and both have been associated with macular pigment optical density. We proposed to assess dietary and status markers of lutein and zeaxanthin in a group of healthy Spanish volunteers, considering the potential influence of age, gender and serum lipids to investigate the predictors of the macular pigment optical density. Methods Serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations, dietary intake and macular pigment optical density were determined in 108 healthy men and women (20–35 and 45–65 years), using high-performance liquid chromatography, 3-day food records and heterochromic flicker photometry, respectively. Mann–Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used for the statistical study. Results Serum concentrations and dietary intake of lutein plus zeaxanthin (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively) were higher in older vs younger subjects, whereas macular pigment optical density was lower (p = 0.038). The highest correlation coefficients between intake and serum were for fruit and serum lutein (ρ = 0.452, p < 0.0001) and for fruit and lutein + zeaxanthin (ρ = 0.431, p < 0.0001) in the younger group. Macular pigment optical density correlated with serum xanthophylls (ρ = 0.223, p = 0.02) and fruit and vegetable intake (ρ = 0.350, p = 0.0002), showing highest correlations when lutein and zeaxanthin were expressed in relation to serum lipids in older subjects (ρ = 0.262, p = 0.006). Multivariate regression analysis identified age and serum lutein as major predictors of macular pigment optical density (total sample), and a coefficient of determination of 29.7% for the model including lutein + zeaxathin/cholesterol + triglycerides, sex and fruit + vegetables in the older group. Conclusions The establishment of normal/reference ranges for serum lutein and zeaxanthin should consider age ranges and be expressed in relation to lipid concentrations, at least in subjects over 45 years, as this could influence macular pigment optical density. The macular pigment optical density showed age-specific correlations with lutein plus zeaxanthin expressed in relation to serum lipid concentrations as well as with the fruit and vegetable intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Feeney J, Finucane C, Savva GM, Cronin H, Beatty S, Nolan JM, Kenny RA. Low macular pigment optical density is associated with lower cognitive performance in a large, population-based sample of older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2449-56. [PMID: 23769396 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macular pigment (MP) is comprised of the carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), which selectively accumulate at the macula (central retina) of the eye and are neuroprotective. These carotenoids are also present in the brain, and evidence suggests a close correlation between retinal and brain concentrations. We investigated the relationship between MP and cognitive function in 4453 adults aged ≥ 50 years as part of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was determined using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry-a quick and noninvasive way of measuring the concentration of the pigment. Lower MPOD was associated with poorer performance on the mini-mental state examination (p = 0.026) and on the Montreal cognitive assessment (p = 0.016). Individuals with lower MPOD also had poorer prospective memory (p = 0.011), took longer time to complete a trail-making task (p = 0.003), and had slower and more variable reaction times on a choice reaction time task (p = 0.000 and 0.001). These associations were only slightly attenuated following adjustment for physical and mental health. There was no significant association between MPOD and verbal fluency, word recall, visual reasoning, or picture memory. Overall, the findings support the theory that xanthophyll carotenoids impact on cognitive function, underscoring the need for exploration of novel, noninvasive biomarkers for cognitive vulnerability and preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Feeney
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Boeing H, Bechthold A, Bub A, Ellinger S, Haller D, Kroke A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Müller MJ, Oberritter H, Schulze M, Stehle P, Watzl B. Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51:637-63. [PMID: 22684631 PMCID: PMC3419346 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetables and fruit provide a significant part of human nutrition, as they are important sources of nutrients, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals. However, it is uncertain whether the risk of certain chronic diseases can be reduced by increased consumption of vegetables or fruit by the general public, and what strength of evidence has to be allocated to such an association. METHODS Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the studies available in the literature and the respective study results has been performed and evaluated regarding obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, osteoporosis, eye diseases, and dementia. For judgement, the strength of evidence for a risk association, the level of evidence, and the number of studies were considered, the quality of the studies and their estimated relevance based on study design and size. RESULTS For hypertension, CHD, and stroke, there is convincing evidence that increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit reduces the risk of disease. There is probable evidence that the risk of cancer in general is inversely associated with the consumption of vegetables and fruit. In addition, there is possible evidence that an increased consumption of vegetables and fruit may prevent body weight gain. As overweight is the most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, an increased consumption of vegetables and fruit therefore might indirectly reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Independent of overweight, there is probable evidence that there is no influence of increased consumption on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is possible evidence that increasing the consumption of vegetables and fruit lowers the risk of certain eye diseases, dementia and the risk of osteoporosis. Likewise, current data on asthma, COPD, and RA indicate that an increase in vegetable and fruit consumption may contribute to the prevention of these diseases. For IBD, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, there was insufficient evidence regarding an association with the consumption of vegetables and fruit. CONCLUSIONS This critical review on the associations between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk of several chronic diseases shows that a high daily intake of these foods promotes health. Therefore, from a scientific point of view, national campaigns to increase vegetable and fruit consumption are justified. The promotion of vegetable and fruit consumption by nutrition and health policies is a preferable strategy to decrease the burden of several chronic diseases in Western societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | | | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Ellinger
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Nutrition and Food Research Centre, Chair for the Biofunctionality of Food, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Anja Kroke
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany
| | | | - Manfred J. Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu B, Gruber MY, Khachatourians GG, Zhou R, Epp DJ, Hegedus DD, Parkin IAP, Welsch R, Hannoufa A. Arabidopsis cpSRP54 regulates carotenoid accumulation in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:5189-202. [PMID: 22791829 PMCID: PMC3430994 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, cbd (carotenoid biosynthesis deficient), was recovered from a mutant population based on its yellow cotyledons, yellow-first true leaves, and stunted growth. Seven-day-old seedlings and mature seeds of this mutant had lower chlorophyll and total carotenoids than the wild type (WT). Genetic and molecular characterization revealed that cbd was a recessive mutant caused by a T-DNA insertion in the gene cpSRP54 encoding the 54 kDa subunit of the chloroplast signal recognition particle. Transcript levels of most of the main carotenoid biosynthetic genes in cbd were unchanged relative to WT, but expression increased in carotenoid and abscisic acid catabolic genes. The chloroplasts of cbd also had developmental defects that contributed to decreased carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. Transcription of AtGLK1 (Golden 2-like 1), AtGLK2, and GUN4 appeared to be disrupted in the cbd mutant suggesting that the plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signal may be affected, regulating the changes in chloroplast functional and developmental states and carotenoid content flux. Transformation of A. thaliana and Brassica napus with a gDNA encoding the Arabidopsis cpSRP54 showed the utility of this gene in enhancing levels of seed carotenoids without affecting growth or seed yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianyun Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Margaret Y. Gruber
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
and
| | - George G. Khachatourians
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Rong Zhou
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Delwin J. Epp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Dwayne D. Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Isobel A. P. Parkin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Institute for Biology II, Cell BiologySchaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail:
and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nixon E, Simpkins JW. Neuroprotective effects of nonfeminizing estrogens in retinal photoreceptor neurons. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:4739-47. [PMID: 22700711 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal diseases such as macular degeneration and glaucoma are disorders that target specific retinal neurons that can ultimately lead to vision loss. Under these conditions and pathologies, retinal neurons can die via apoptosis that may be due to increased oxidative stress. The neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and three synthetic nonfeminizing estrogen analogs (ZYC-26, ZYC-23, and ZYC-3) were investigated to examine their abilities to protect retinal neurons against glutamate toxicity. METHODS Using an in vitro model of glutamate-induced cell death in 661W cells, a mouse cone photoreceptor cell line, shown to express both estrogen receptors (ERs) via immunoblotting, was pretreated with E2 and its analogs and cell viability were assessed. RESULTS It was observed that E2 and estrogen analogs, ZYC-26 and ZYC-3, were protective against a 5 mM glutamate insult in 661W cells. The neuroprotective abilities of ZYC-26 and ZYC-3 were autonomous of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ demonstrated by their ability to protect in the presence of ICI 182780, a pan-ER antagonist with a high affinity for the estrogen receptor. Treatment with PPT and DPN, ERα- and ERβ-specific agonists, respectively, did not protect the 661W cells from the glutamate insult. Studying the membrane ER (mER) or GPR30 did show that activation of the receptor by G1 protected the retinal neuron from insult, whereas G15, an antagonist of the mER was not able to antagonize the protection previously seen. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that nonfeminizing estrogens may emerge as useful compounds for neuroprotection of retinal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everett Nixon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hannoufa A, Hossain Z. Regulation of carotenoid accumulation in plants. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
Carotenoids are among the most widely distributed pigments in nature, and they are exclusively synthesized by plants and microorganisms. These compounds may serve a protective role against many chronic diseases such as cancers, age-related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular diseases and also act as an excellent antioxidant system within cells. Recent advances in the microbial genome sequences and increased understanding about the genes involved in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathways will assist industrial microbiologists in their exploration of novel microbial carotenoid production strategies. Here we present an overview of microbial carotenogenesis from biochemical, proteomic, and biotechnological points of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preejith Vachali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fawzi AA, Lee N, Acton JH, Laine AF, Smith RT. Recovery of macular pigment spectrum in vivo using hyperspectral image analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:106008. [PMID: 22029355 PMCID: PMC3206925 DOI: 10.1117/1.3640813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of a novel method for hyperspectral mapping of macular pigment (MP) in vivo. Six healthy subjects were recruited for noninvasive imaging using a snapshot hyperspectral system. The three-dimensional full spatial-spectral data cube was analyzed using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), wherein the data was decomposed to give spectral signatures and spatial distribution, in search for the MP absorbance spectrum. The NMF was initialized with the in vitro MP spectrum and rank 4 spectral signature decomposition was used to recover the MP spectrum and optical density in vivo. The recovered MP spectra showed two peaks in the blue spectrum, characteristic of MP, giving a detailed in vivo demonstration of these absorbance peaks. The peak MP optical densities ranged from 0.08 to 0.22 (mean 0.15+∕-0.05) and became spatially negligible at diameters 1100 to 1760 μm (4 to 6 deg) in the normal subjects. This objective method was able to exploit prior knowledge (the in vitro MP spectrum) in order to extract an accurate in vivo spectral analysis and full MP spatial profile, while separating the MP spectra from other ocular absorbers. Snapshot hyperspectral imaging in combination with advanced mathematical analysis provides a simple cost-effective approach for MP mapping in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amani A Fawzi
- University of Southern California, Doheny Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, 1450 San Pablo Ave, Suite 3614, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kalariya NM, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK, van Kuijk FJGM. Post-translational protein modification by carotenoid cleavage products. Biofactors 2011; 37:104-16. [PMID: 21488133 DOI: 10.1002/biof.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are known to generate various aldehydes, known as carotenoid-derived aldehydes (CDAs), which could efficiently react with protein or DNA. In this in vitro model study, interaction between CDA and protein has been studied. Various proteins were incubated with CDA, and protein modification and adduct formation were confirmed by using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight, amino acid analysis, and measuring enzyme activity on modification with CDA. Using radiolabeled NaB((3) H)H(4) and Raney nickel as well as sulfhydryl assay (Ellman's reagent), we confirmed that CDA could conjugate with cysteine through a thioether linkage. The carbonyl assay using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine revealed the possible involvement of Schiff's base reaction between CDA and lysine. The adducts formed between β-apo-8-carotenal (BA8C) and N-acetylcysteine and BA8C and N-acetyllysine were confirmed by HPLC and ESI-MS. Our results suggest that CDA could alter protein function by post-translational interaction with cysteine and lysine by thioether linkage and by schiff's based bonds, respectively. Thus, the formation of CDA adducts with proteins could alter functional properties of proteins responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis and thereby cause cellular toxicity. In view of these observations, further studies are required to understand the delicate balance between beneficial and/or harmful effects of carotenoids as a dietary supplement to slow age-related macular degeneration progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh M Kalariya
- AMD Centre, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Macular pigment optical density measurements: evaluation of a device using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Eye (Lond) 2010; 25:105-12. [PMID: 21057522 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate assessment of the amount of macular pigment (MPOD) is necessary to investigate the role of carotenoids and their assumed protective functions. High repeatability and reliability are important to monitor patients in studies investigating the influence of diet and supplements on MPOD. We evaluated the Macuscope (Macuvision Europe Ltd., Lapworth, Solihull, UK), a recently introduced device for measuring MPOD using the technique of heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP). We determined agreement with another HFP device (QuantifEye; MPS 9000 series: Tinsley Precision Instruments Ltd., Croydon, Essex, UK) and a fundus reflectance method. METHODS The right eyes of 23 healthy subjects (mean age 33.9 ± 15.1 years) were measured. We determined agreement with QuantifEye and correlation with a fundus reflectance method. Repeatability of QuantifEye was assessed in 20 other healthy subjects (mean age 32.1 ± 7.3 years). Repeatability was also compared with measurements by a fundus reflectance method in 10 subjects. RESULTS We found low agreement between test and retest measurements with Macuscope. The average difference and the limits of agreement were -0.041 ± 0.32. We found high agreement between test and retest measurements of QuantifEye (-0.02 ± 0.18) and the fundus reflectance method (-0.04 ± 0.18). MPOD data obtained by Macuscope and QuantifEye showed poor agreement: -0.017 ± 0.44. For Macuscope and the fundus reflectance method, the correlation coefficient was r = 0.05 (P = 0.83). A significant correlation of r = 0.87 (P<0.001) was found between QuantifEye and the fundus reflectance method. CONCLUSIONS Because repeatability of Macuscope measurements was low (ie, wide limits of agreement) and MPOD values correlated poorly with the fundus reflectance method, and agreed poorly with QuantifEye, the tested Macuscope protocol seems less suitable for studying MPOD.
Collapse
|