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Zhou J, Wang S, He X, Ren H, Zhang XX. Comparative evaluation of SPE methods for biotoxicity assessment of water and wastewater: Linkage between chemical extracting efficiency and biotoxicity outcome. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:33-42. [PMID: 38527894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Biotoxicity assessment results of environmental waters largely depend on the sample extraction protocols that enrich pollutants to meet the effect-trigger thresholds of bioassays. However, more chemical mixture does not necessarily translate to higher combined biotoxicity. Thus, there is a need to establish the link between chemical extracting efficiency and biotoxicity outcome to standardize extraction methods for biotoxicity assessment of environmental waters. This study compares the performance of five different extraction phases in solid phase extraction (SPE), namely HLB, HLB+Coconut, C18 cartridge, C18 disk and Strata-X, and evaluated their chemical extracting efficiencies and biotoxicity outcomes. We quantitatively assessed cytotoxicity, acute toxicity, genotoxicity, estrogenic activity, and neurotoxicity of the extracts using in vitro bioassays and characterized the chemical extracting efficiencies of the SPE methods through chemical recoveries of 23 model compounds with different polarities and total organic carbon. Using Pareto ranking, we identified HLB+Coconut as the optimal SPE method, which exhibited the highest level of water sample biotoxicity and recovered the most chemicals in water samples. We found that the biotoxicity outcomes of the extracted water samples significantly and positively correlated with the chemical extracting efficiencies of the SPE methods. Moreover, we observed synchronous changing patterns in biotoxicity outcome and chemical extracting efficiencies in response to increasing sample volumes per cartridge (SVPC) during SPE. Our findings underscore that higher chemical extracting efficiency of SPE corresponds to higher biotoxicity outcome of environmental water samples, providing a scientific basis for standardization of SPE methods for adequate assessment of biotoxicities of environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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2
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Pereira AR, Simões M, Gomes IB. Parabens as environmental contaminants of aquatic systems affecting water quality and microbial dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167332. [PMID: 37758132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Among different pollutants of emerging concern, parabens have gained rising interest due to their widespread detection in water sources worldwide. This occurs because parabens are used in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food, in which residues are generated and released into aquatic environments. The regulation of the use of parabens varies across different geographic regions, resulting in diverse concentrations observed globally. Concentrations of parabens exceeding 100 μg/L have been found in wastewater treatment plants and surface waters while drinking water (DW) sources typically exhibit concentrations below 6 μg/L. Despite their low levels, the presence of parabens in DW is a potential exposure route for humans, raising concerns for both human health and environmental microbiota. Although a few studies have reported alterations in the functions and characteristics of microbial communities following exposure to emerging contaminants, the impact of the exposure to parabens by microbial communities, particularly biofilm colonizers, remains largely understudied. This review gathers the most recent information on the occurrence of parabens in water sources, as well as their effects on human health and aquatic organisms. The interactions of parabens with microbial communities are reviewed for the first time, filling the knowledge gaps on the effects of paraben exposure on microbial ecosystems and their impact on disinfection tolerance and antimicrobial resistance, with potential implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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3
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Li YX, Lin W, Han YH, Wang YQ, Wang T, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang SS. Biodegradation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in Herbaspirillum aquaticum KLS-1 isolated from tailing soil: Characterization and molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131669. [PMID: 37236108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The wide distribution of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) in the environments has attracted great concerns due to its potential risks to organisms. Bioremediation is considered a green way to remove PHBA from environment. Here, a new PHBA-degrading bacterium Herbaspirillum aquaticum KLS-1was isolated and its PHBA degradation mechanisms were fully evaluated. Results showed that strain KLS-1 could utilize PHBA as the sole carbon source and completely degrade 500 mg/L PHBA within 18 h. The optimal conditions for bacterial growth and PHBA degradation were pH values of 6.0-8.0, temperatures of 30 °C-35 °C, shaking speed of 180 rpm, Mg2+ concentration of 2.0 mM and Fe2+ concentration of 1.0 mM. Draft genome sequencing and functional gene annotations identified three operons (i.e., pobRA, pcaRHGBD and pcaRIJ) and several free genes possibly participating in PHBA degradation. The key genes pobA, ubiA, fadA, ligK and ubiG involved in the regulation of protocatechuate and ubiquinone (UQ) metabolisms were successfully amplified in strain KLS-1 at mRNA level. Our data suggested that PHBA could be degraded by strain KLS-1 via the protocatechuate ortho-/meta-cleavage pathway and UQ biosynthesis pathway. This study has provided a new PHBA-degrading bacterium for potential bioremediation of PHBA pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xi Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yong-He Han
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China.
| | - Yao-Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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4
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Arfaeinia H, Asadgol Z, Ramavandi B, Dobaradaran S, Kalantari RR, Poureshgh Y, Behroozi M, Asgari E, Asl FB, Sahebi S. Monitoring and eco-toxicity effect of paraben-based pollutants in sediments/seawater, north of the Persian Gulf. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4499-4521. [PMID: 35129708 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current work is documented as the first record of the characteristics, removal efficiency, partitioning behavior, fate, and eco-toxicological effects of paraben congeners in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP, stabilization ponds) and hospital WWTPs (septic tank and activated sludge), as well as seawater-sediments collected from runoff estuarine stations (RES) and coastal stations (CS) of the north of the Persian Gulf. The median values of Σparabens at the raw wastewater and effluent of the studied WWTPs were 1884 ng/L and 468 ng/L, respectively. The activated sludge system had a greater removal efficiency (56.10%) in removing ∑parabens than the septic tank (45.05%) and stabilization pond (35.54%). The discharge rates of methyl paraben (MeP) was computed to be 2.23, 21.18, and 9.12 g/d/1000 people for stabilization ponds, septic tank, and activated sludge, respectively. Median concentrations of Σparabens in seawater (103.42 ng/L) and sediments (322.05 ng/g dw) from RES stations were significantly larger than from CS stations (61.2 and 262.0 ng/g dw in seawater and sediments, respectively) (P < 0.05). The median of field-based koc for Σparabens was 130.81 cm3/g in RES stations and 189.51 cm3/g in CS stations. It was observed that the concentration of parabens could have negative impacts on some living aquatic populations (invertebrates and bacteria), but the risk was not significant for fishes and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Zahra Asadgol
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yusef Poureshgh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Behroozi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Esrafil Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Farshad Bahrami Asl
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Soleyman Sahebi
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Research and Technology, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Adhikari S, Kumar R, Driver EM, Perleberg TD, Yanez A, Johnston B, Halden RU. Mass trends of parabens, triclocarban and triclosan in Arizona wastewater collected after the 2017 FDA ban on antimicrobials and during the COVID-19 pandemic. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118894. [PMID: 35917669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobials like parabens, triclosan (TCS), and triclocarban (TCC) are of public health concern worldwide due to their endocrine-disrupting properties and ability to promote antimicrobial drug resistance in human pathogens. The overall use of antimicrobials presumably has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas TCS and TCC may have experienced reductions in use due to their recent ban from thousands of over-the-counter (OTC) personal care products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). No quantitative data are available on the use of parabens or the impact the FDA ban had on TCC and TCS. Here, we use wastewater samples (n = 1514) from 10 different communities in Arizona to measure the presence of the six different antimicrobial products (TCS, TCC, and four alkylated parabens [methylparaben (MePb), ethylparaben (EtPb), propylparaben (PrPb), butylparaben (BuPb)]) collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and isotope dilution for absolute quantitation. The average mass loadings of all antimicrobials combined (1,431 ± 22 mg/day per 1,000 people) after the onset of the local epidemic (March 2020 - October 2020) were significantly higher (945 ± 62 mg/day per 1,000 people; p < 0.05) than before the pandemic (January 2019 - February 2020). Overall, parabens (∑Pbs = 999 ± 16 mg/day per 1,000 people) were the most used antimicrobials, followed by TCS (117 ± 14 mg/day per 1,000 people) and TCC (117 ± 14 mg/day per 1,000 people). After the 2017 U.S. FDA ban, we found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mass loadings of TCS (-89%) and TCC (-80%) but a rise in paraben use (+72%). Mass flows of 3 of a total of 4 parabens (MePb, EtPb, and PrPb) in wastewater were significantly higher upon the onset of the epidemic locally (p < 0.05). This is the first longitudinal study investigating the use of antimicrobials during the COVID-19 pandemic by employing wastewater-based epidemiology. Whereas an overall increase in the use of antimicrobials was evident from analyzing Arizona wastewater, a notable reduction in the use of TCS and TCC was evident during the pandemic, triggered by the U.S. FDA ban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeet Adhikari
- School of Sustainable Engineering and Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Erin M Driver
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Tyler D Perleberg
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Allan Yanez
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Bridger Johnston
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- School of Sustainable Engineering and Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Biodesign Center for Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; OneWaterOneHealth, Nonprofit Project of the Arizona State University Foundation, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, 800 S. Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
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6
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Ball AL, Solan ME, Franco ME, Lavado R. Comparative cytotoxicity induced by parabens and their halogenated byproducts in human and fish cell lines. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35854652 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are a group of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) esters widely used in pharmaceutical industries. Their safety is well documented in mammalian models, but little is known about their toxicity in non-mammal species. In addition, chlorinated and brominated parabens resulting from wastewater treatment have been identified in effluents. In the present study, we explored the cytotoxic effects (EC50) of five parabens: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzylparaben (BeP); the primary metabolite, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), and three of the wastewater chlorinated/brominated byproducts on fish and human cell lines. In general, higher cytotoxicity was observed with increased paraben chain length. The tested compounds induced toxicity in the order of 4-HBA < MP < EP < PP < BuP < BeP. The halogenated byproducts led to higher toxicity with the addition of second chlorine. The longer chain-parabens (BuP and BeP) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability in fish cell lines. Intriguingly, the main paraben metabolite, 4-HBA, proved to be more toxic to fish hepatocytes than human hepatocytes by 100-fold. Our study demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of some of these compounds appears to be tissue-dependent. These observations provide valuable information for early cellular responses in human and non-mammalian models upon exposure to paraben congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Ball
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Megan E Solan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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7
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Charoenkitamorn K, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O, Oyama M, Chaneam S. Simple Portable Voltammetric Sensor Using Anodized Screen-Printed Graphene Electrode for the Quantitative Analysis of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid in Cosmetics. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16116-16126. [PMID: 35571801 PMCID: PMC9097212 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Screen-printed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) have become a potential option in electrochemical applications because of their outstanding properties and disposable approach to miniaturize the electrodes for onsite analysis. Herein, the detection of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) in cosmetics using the anodized SPGE has been pioneered and reported. The simple anodization of the SPGE surface was operated by anodic pretreatment at a constant potential on SPGE. The surface morphologies and electrochemical behaviors of anodized SPGEs in different anodization electrolytes were examined. Using anodized SPGE in a phosphate-buffered solution, a nontoxic solution, the sensitivity of PHBA detection was significantly improved compared with pristine SPGE owing to the increase of the polar oxygen-containing functional group during the anodization. The anodized SPGE could detect a PHBA down to 0.073 μmol/L. Finally, the developed anodized SPGE presented high ability and feasibility for PHBA detection in cosmetics. Furthermore, a facile electrode preparation step with a nontoxic solution can present high reproducibility and compatibility with a portable potentiostat for onsite PHBA detection during manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Charoenkitamorn
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn
University, Nakhon
Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot
University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry
and Optical Spectroscopy Center of Excellence, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Munetaka Oyama
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Sumonmarn Chaneam
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn
University, Nakhon
Pathom 73000, Thailand
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Galinaro CA, Spadoto M, de Aquino FWB, de Souza Pelinson N, Vieira EM. Environmental risk assessment of parabens in surface water from a Brazilian river: the case of Mogi Guaçu Basin, São Paulo State, under precipitation anomalies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8816-8830. [PMID: 34491494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are preservatives widely used by industry since these compounds have antifungal properties, relative low cost, and stability over a wide pH range. This study aims to quantify and assess the environmental risks of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP) in surface water from a Brazilian River, Mogi Guaçu. The State of São Paulo, including the Mogi Guaçu River region, suffered from a period of intense drought and high temperatures, which caused anomalies in river flows and water supply problems. The water samples were collected from 14 locations, along 300 km of river extension, at four different seasons. Samples were previously extracted and pre-concentrated by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and later analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization in tandem with mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) detector. During the sampling period, PP was detected in 89.3% of the water samples, MP in 87.5%, EP in 73.2%, and BP in 48.2%. The sum of parabens' average levels was 42.2 μg L-1 in Winter, 41.5 μg L-1 in Summer, 36.6 μg L-1 in Autumn, and 31.5 μg L-1 in Spring. These levels can be attributed to the smaller dilution effect caused by the drought period. Also, ecological risk assessment indicated that parabens could take a low, medium, and high risk for target organisms in the measured aquatic environments, especially considering Pimephales promelas where 15% of the samples do not present potential risk, 84% of samples can present medium risk and only 1% have low risk. Besides, the risks for BP are also considerably higher, when almost 40% presents for high risks and 60% for medium risks. The present study indicates worrisome threats to the water source and to allegedly protected biodiversity and, therefore, urgent actions are needed to effectively protect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Galinaro
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense 400, CEP 13.560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariangela Spadoto
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13.560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wendel Batista de Aquino
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís s/n km 235, P.O. Box 676, São Paulo, São Carlos, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Natália de Souza Pelinson
- São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), 400 Trabalhador São Carlense Avenue, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Trabalhador São Carlense 400, CEP 13.560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Das RS, Wankhade AV, Kumar A. Computationally designed ionic liquid based molecularly imprinted@ graphene oxide composite: Characterization and validation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Frankowski R, Grześkowiak T, Czarczyńska-Goślińska B, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Occurrence and dietary risk of bisphenols and parabens in raw and processed cow's milk. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 39:116-129. [PMID: 34702142 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1986234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Raw cow's milk collected from farmers and processed cow's milk purchased from local grocery stores were analysed for the presence of six bisphenols (bisphenol A, bisphenol S, bisphenol F, bisphenol AF, bisphenol B, and bisphenol E) and five parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and benzylparaben). The analytes were determined in their unconjugated form and (after enzymatic deconjugation) as the sum of conjugated and unconjugated compounds. The results show the presence of bisphenols mainly in the processed milk bought in stores while parabens were found in all samples of both raw and processed cow's milk. The average concentration of bisphenol A found in milk from cartons (0.87 ng mL-1) was greater than in milk from plastic bottles (0.35 ng mL-1). No such difference was found for parabens. Also, no considerable difference between the content of conjugated and total bisphenols and parabens was found except for ethylparaben. The determined compounds were always found below 2.0 ng mL-1 and calculations of the hazard quotients and the hazard index have shown that consumption of such milk is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Frankowski
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grześkowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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Bolujoko NB, Unuabonah EI, Alfred MO, Ogunlaja A, Ogunlaja OO, Omorogie MO, Olukanni OD. Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148092. [PMID: 34147811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are biocides used as preservatives in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. They possess antibacterial and antifungal activity due to their ability to disrupt cell membrane and intracellular proteins, and cause changes in enzymatic activity of microbial cells. Water, one of our most valuable natural resource, has become a huge reservoir for parabens. Halogenated parabens from chlorination/ozonation of water contaminated with parabens have shown to be even more persistent in water than other types of parabens. Unfortunately, there is dearth of data on their (halogenated parabens) presence and fate in groundwater which serves as a major source of drinking water for a huge population in developing countries. An attempt to neglect the presence of parabens in water will expose man to it through ingestion of contaminated food and water. Although there are reviews on the occurrence, fate and behaviour of parabens in the environment, they largely omit toxicity and removal aspects. This review therefore, presents recent reports on the acute and chronic toxicity of parabens, their estrogenic agonistic and antagonistic activity and also their relationship with antimicrobial resistance. This article further X-rays several techniques that have been employed for the removal of parabens in water and their drawbacks including adsorption, biodegradation, membrane technology and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The heterogeneous photocatalytic process (one of the AOPs) appears to be more favoured for removal of parabens due to its ability to mineralize parabens in water. However, more work is needed to improve this ability of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Perspectives that will be relevant for future scientific studies and which will drive policy shift towards the presence of parabens in our drinking waters are also offered. It is hoped that this review will elicit some spontaneous actions from water professionals, scientists and policy makers alike that will provide more data, effective technologies, and adaptive policies that will address the growing threat of the presence of parabens in our environment with respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Bolujoko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Moses O Alfred
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Aemere Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martins O Omorogie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olumide D Olukanni
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
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12
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Chen H, Song X, Huang X. Development of magnetism-assisted in-tube solid phase microextraction of phenolic acids in fruit juices prior to high-performance liquid chromatography quantification. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3418-3428. [PMID: 34288429 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism-assisted in-tube solid phase microextraction based on porous monolith mingled with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was developed for capture of phenolic acids in fruit juices. First, poly (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis [(trifluoro methyl) sulfonyl] imide-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith embedded with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was facile fabrication in a capillary and employed as microextraction column. Subsequently, a magnetic coil adopted to produce variable magnetic fields during extraction stage was twined on the microextraction column. The analytes contents in eluant were quantified by high performance liquid chromatogram with diode array detector. Various parameters affecting the extraction performance were inspected and optimized in detail. Results revealed that the exertion of magnetic fields in adsorption and desorption steps enhanced the extraction efficiencies of analytes from 44.9-64.0% to 78.6-87.1%. Under the optimal extraction factors, the limits of detection were between 0.012 and 0.061 μg/L, relative standard deviations for precision in terms of intra- and inter-day assay variability ranged from 1.9 to 9.8%. The introduced approach was successfully applied to simultaneously quantify the contents of five analytes in real fruit juices with satisfying fortified recoveries (80.1-116%). The obtained results well demonstrate the promising potential of the developed method in the highly sensitive quantification of trace phenolic acids in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochong Song
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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13
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Zhao X, Zheng Y, Hu S, Qiu W, Jiang J, Gao C, Xiong J, Lu H, Quan F. Improving urban drainage systems to mitigate PPCPs pollution in surface water: A watershed perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125047. [PMID: 33453662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are preservatives widely used in pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs). This study investigated urban water pollution by parabens from a watershed perspective. Water and sediment samples were collected from one of the most polluted urban streams in China. Six parabens and five paraben metabolites were frequently detected in the samples, whereas the overall pollution level was intermediate according to a global comparison. The spatial distributions of the chemical concentrations along the river are influenced by multiple factors, and WWTPs appear to be a major factor. In general, the target pollutants were detected at higher concentrations in the dry season than in the wet season, but extraordinary concentration peaks in water were observed downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), indicating a dominant contribution from combined sewage overflows (CSOs) during rainfall events. In a representative WWTP-influenced reach, CSOs account for its 97.3% of ∑parabens input and 96.9% of ∑metabolites input in a typical rainfall event. Converting the existing combined sewer systems to separate stormwater drainage systems could reduce the inputs of ∑parabens and ∑metabolites by 86.9-84.5%, respectively. This study highlights the role of urban drainage systems in preventing surface water pollution by PPCPs. CAPSULE: Urban drainage systems play a critical role in controlling pollution by parabens and their metabolites in urban surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shiyao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiping Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuanzi Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianzhi Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Paraben Compounds—Part I: An Overview of Their Characteristics, Detection, and Impacts. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in different industries as preservatives and antimicrobial compounds. The evolution of analytical techniques allowed the detection of these compounds in different sources at µg/L and ng/L. Until today, parabens were already found in water sources, air, soil and even in human tissues. The impact of parabens in humans, animals and in ecosystems are a matter of discussion within the scientific community, but it is proven that parabens can act as endocrine disruptors, and some reports suggest that they are carcinogenic compounds. The presence of parabens in ecosystems is mainly related to wastewater discharges. This work gives an overview about the paraben problem, starting with their characteristics and applications. Moreover, the dangers related to their usage were addressed through the evaluation of toxicological studies over different species as well as of humans. Considering this, paraben detection in different water sources, wastewater treatment plants, humans and animals was analyzed based on literature results. A review of European legislation regarding parabens was also performed, presenting some considerations for the use of parabens.
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Werner J, Rębiś T, Frankowski R, Grześkowiak T, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A. Development of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Electropolymerized Sorbent-Based Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) for the Determination of Parabens in Lake Waters by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1870232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Werner
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rębiś
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grześkowiak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
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John AS, Sidek MM, Thang LY, Sami S, Tey HY, See HH. Online sample preconcentration techniques in nonaqueous capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1638:461868. [PMID: 33453653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the major drawbacks of electrophoresis in both capillary and microchip is the unsatisfactory sensitivity. Online sample preconcentration techniques can be regarded as the most common and powerful approaches commonly applied to enhance overall detection sensitivity. While the advances of various online preconcentration strategies in capillary and microchip employing aqueous background electrolytes are well-reviewed, there has been limited discussion of the feasible preconcentration techniques specifically developed for capillary and microchip using nonaqueous background electrolytes. This review provides the first consolidated overview of various online preconcentration techniques in nonaqueous capillary and microchip electrophoresis, covering the period of the last two decades. It covers developments in the field of sample stacking, isotachophoresis, and micellar-based stacking. Attention is also given to multi-stacking strategies that have been used for nonaqueous electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annestasia Simbut John
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mizwaruddin Sidek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yien Thang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sabita Sami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hui Yin Tey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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17
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Li G, Row KH. Deep eutectic solvents cross‐linked molecularly imprinted chitosan microsphere for the micro‐solid phase extraction of
p
‐hydroxybenzoic acid from pear rind. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:549-556. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Linyi University Linyi Shandong 276005 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University Incheon 402‐701 Korea
| | - Kyung Ho Row
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education and Research Center for Smart Energy and Materials, Inha University Incheon 402‐701 Korea
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18
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Emnet P, Mahaliyana AS, Northcott G, Gaw S. Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Effluents and the Receiving Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota of Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), New Zealand. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:461-477. [PMID: 33128586 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are receiving environments for micropollutants due to high levels of associated anthropogenic activities. Effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of micropollutants to coastal environments. Wastewater effluents, seawater, sediments, and green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) in Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), Christchurch, New Zealand, were analysed for a suite of personal care products and steroid hormones during a 1-year period. In wastewater effluents, the concentration of methyl paraben (mParaben), ethyl paraben (eParaben), propyl paraben (pParaben), butyl paraben (bParaben), 4-t-octylphenol (OP), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), triclosan, methyl triclosan (mTric), Bisphenol A (BPA), Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and Estriol (E3) ranged from < 0.6 to 429 ng L-1 and was dominated by OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, triclosan, BP-1, and BPA. In seawater, 4-MBC, BP-3, BPA, and E1 were the most frequently detected contaminants (< 0.2-9.4 ng L-1). Coastal sediment samples contained mParaben, OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, BP-1, BPA, OMC, and E1 (< 0.2-11 ng g-1 d.w.), and mParaben, OP, and BP-3 were found to bioaccumulate (3.8-21.3 ng g-1 d.w.) in green lipped mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Emnet
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 64380, Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Anjula Sachintha Mahaliyana
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Passara Rd, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Grant Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Limited, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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19
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Density functional theory study of emerging pollutants removal from water by covalent triazine based framework. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Muckoya VA, Nomngongo PN, Ngila JC. Factorial Design Optimisation of Solid Phase Extraction for Preconcentration of Parabens in Wastewater Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180627150854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Parabens are synthetic esters used extensively as preservatives and/or
bactericides in personal care personal products.
Objective:
Development and validation of a novel robust chemometric assisted analytical technique
with superior analytical performances for the determination of ethylparaben, methylparaben and
propylparaben, using simulated wastewater matrix.
Methods:
An automated Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) method coupled with liquid chromatographymass
spectrometry was applied in this study. A gradient elution programme comprising of 0.1%
formic acid in deionised water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in Methanol (B) was employed on a 100 x
2.1 mm, 3.0 μm a particle size biphenyl column. Two-level (2k) full factorial design coupled with
response surface methodology was used for optimisation and investigation of SPE experimental
variables that had the most significant outcome of the analytical response.
Results:
According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), sample pH and eluent volume were
statistically the most significant parameters. The method developed was validated for accuracy,
precision, Limits of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) and linearity. The LOD and
LOQ established under those optimised conditions varied between 0.04-0.12 μgL−1 and 0.14-0.40 μgL−1
respectively. The use of matrix-matched external calibration provided extraction recoveries between
78-128% with relative standard deviations at 2-11% for two spike levels (10 and 100 μgL-1) in three
different water matrices (simulated wastewater, influent and effluent water).
Conclusion:
The newly developed method was applied successfully to the analyses of parabens in
wastewater samples at different sampling points of a wastewater treatment plant, revealing
concentrations of up to 3 μgL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallerie A. Muckoya
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N. Nomngongo
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Jane C. Ngila
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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Dominguez JR, Gonzalez T, Cuerda-Correa EM, Muñoz-Peña MJ. Combating paraben pollution in surface waters with a variety of photocatalyzed systems: Looking for the most efficient technology. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe constant presence of parabens in natural surface waters has raised a growing concern of the potential long-term toxic effects that parabens may have in wildlife, mainly as endocrine disruptors. The present report describes the results of a study in which different photocatalyzed systems, such as photo-Fenton, Fenton, UV-H2O2, UV-TiO2 and UV-TiO2-H2O2, were applied to the removal of these recalcitrant pollutants in some surface waters, including natural (e.g. rivers) and man-made (e.g. reservoirs and wastewater treatment plants). Degradation of four widely-used parabens (methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben and butyl-paraben) was analyzed. Experimental results reveal that the most efficient method to combat these emerging pollutants was photo-Fenton. When this process was optimized, optimal removal efficiency was attained using doses of H2O2 and Fe(II) equal to 2.92·10−4 mol dm-3 and 1.85·10−5 mol dm-3, respectively. It is also worth noting that the removal rate of these contaminants is slower in natural waters. The results suggest that the photo-Fenton process is promising and maybe an adequate technology for the treatment of these persistent contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin R. Dominguez
- Dept. Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry. University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, 06006. Badajoz, Spain
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- Dept. Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry. University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, 06006. Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo M. Cuerda-Correa
- Dept. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry. University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, 06006Badajoz, Spain
| | - Maria J. Muñoz-Peña
- Dept. Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry. University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas, 06006. Badajoz, Spain
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Pieckowski M, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Combination of large volume sample stacking with polarity switching and cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography (LVSS-PS-CDEKC) for the determination of selected preservatives in pharmaceuticals. Talanta 2019; 211:120673. [PMID: 32070558 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a large volume sample stacking (LVSS) with polarity switching (PS) and cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography (CDEKC) method has been developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of 8 preservatives: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), butylparaben (BP), isobutylparaben (IBP), sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) in pharmaceuticals. The effects of some typical parameters such as sample volume, applied voltage, composition and pH of the running buffer and organic modifier concentration were examined and optimized. Moreover, the impact of type and concentration of cyclodextrin as electrolyte modifiers was also investigated. The detection limits of analytes for the elaborated LVSS-PS-CDEKC method were found to be in 0.8-5 ng mL-1 range, which were around 500 times lower than normal CDEKC without preconcentration technique. All analytes were completely resolved in less than 11 min in an uncoated fused-silica capillary of 75 μm internal diameter (I.D) x 50 cm length. The electrophoretic separation was performed in a 2 mM α-cyclodextrin and 25 mM tetraborate system (pH = 9.3) with an applied voltage of 25 kV. The established method was validated and confirmed to be applicable for the determination of the preservatives in a quality control of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieckowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
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23
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Preparation of magnetite/multiwalled carbon nanotubes/metal-organic framework composite for dispersive magnetic micro solid phase extraction of parabens and phthalate esters from water samples and various types of cream for their determination with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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A Highly Selective Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sertaconazole with Two Coformulated Preservatives in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03832-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Novel MIPs-Parabens based SPE Stationary Phases Characterization and Application. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183334. [PMID: 31540217 PMCID: PMC6767171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis, characterization, and application of novel parabens imprinted polymers as highly selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents have been reported. The imprinted polymers were created using sol–gel molecular imprinting process. All the seven parabens were considered herein in order to check the phase selectivity. By means of a validated HPLC-photodiode array detector (PDA) method all seven parabens were resolved in a single chromatographic run of 25 min. These SPE sorbents, in-house packed in SPE empty cartridges, were first characterized in terms of extraction capability, breakthrough volume, retention volume, hold-up volume, number of theoretical plates, and retention factor. Finally, the device was applied to a real urine sample to check the method feasibility on a very complex matrix. The new paraben imprinted SPE sorbents, not yet present in the literature, potentially encourage the development of novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) to enhance the extraction efficiency, and consequently the overall analytical performances, when the trace quantification is required.
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Pompei CME, Campos LC, da Silva BF, Fogo JC, Vieira EM. Occurrence of PPCPs in a Brazilian water reservoir and their removal efficiency by ecological filtration. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:210-219. [PMID: 30927673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The presence of PPCPs (Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products) in water sources and drinking water has concerned researchers in recent times. This study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of 6 PPCPs (namely paracetamol, diclofenac, naproxen, ibuprofen, benzophenone-3 and methylparaben) in the Lobo reservoir, their degradation products, and how efficiently they were removed by 22 ecological filters, considering individual and mixture of compounds. There were 3 spiking events of PPCPs (2 μg L-1) in the ecological filter influents conducted with a lag period of 15 days between spikes. Water samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the filters at 3, 6 and 24 h after each spiking event. All target PPCPs were identified in the Lobo reservoir water in the range of μg L-1. The personal care products were detected with 100% frequency in the samples, and in higher concentrations compared to the pharmaceuticals. Degradation products of diclofenac and benzophenone-3 were identified in the water samples. Results of this investigation show that ecological filtration was an effective process (70-99%) to remove 2 μg L-1 of the selected PPCPs, and demonstrated that the filters were resilient to individual compounds and to their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moço Erba Pompei
- Water Resources and Applied Ecology Center, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Cintra Campos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Bianca Ferreira da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos Fogo
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eny Maria Vieira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Removal of emerging pollutants in water treatment plants: adsorption of methyl and propylparaben onto powdered activated carbon. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Feng J, Zhao J, Xi N, Guo W, Sun J. Parabens and their metabolite in surface water and sediment from the Yellow River and the Huai River in Henan Province: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 172:480-487. [PMID: 30738230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, six alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acids (parabens) and their metabolite, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HB) were simultaneously determined in surface water and sediment from the Yellow River and the Huai River in Henan Province, China. Concentrations of ∑parabens in surface water were 3.31-55.2 ng/L in the Yellow River and 15.0-164 ng/L in the Huai River, while in the sediment, concentrations of ∑parabens were 13.3-37.2 ng/g and 16.1-31.6 ng/g, respectively. Compared with other studies, levels of parabens in the studied area were relatively high in the sediments but middle in the surface water. MeP and PrP were the most abundant parabens, and were detected in all sampling sites. Contributions of EtP, BzP, BuP, and HeP to ∑parabens were each no more than 10%. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid was found in all samples albeit at low concentrations. Significant positive correlations among parabens suggest similar sources of parabens in the Yellow River and the HuaiRiver. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) had an important effect on parabens in the surface water of the Yellow and Huai Rivers. Due to low dilution of discharges, high concentrations of parabens were found during moderate precipitation season as well as minimal precipitation season in surface water. However, no apparent seasonal variation of parabens in surface sediment was observed. Hazard quotients showed that the ecological risks of parabens was low in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Feng
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Nannan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
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Li L, Wang X, Pu Q, Liu S. Advancement of electroosmotic pump in microflow analysis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1060:1-16. [PMID: 30902323 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review (with 152 references) covers the progress made in the development and application of electroosmotic pumps in a period from 2009 through 2018 in microflow analysis. Following a short introduction, the review first categorizes various electroosmotic pumps into five subclasses based on the materials used for pumping: i) open channel EOP, 2) packed-column EOP, iii) porous monolith EOP, iv) porous membrane EOP, and v) other types of EOP. Pumps in each subclass are discussed. A next section covers EOP applications, primarily the applications of EOPs in micro flow analysis and micro/nano liquid chromatography. Other scattered applications are also examined. Perspectives, trends and challenges are discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, United States.
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Wu H, Wu LH, Wang F, Gao CJ, Chen D, Guo Y. Several environmental endocrine disruptors in beverages from South China: occurrence and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5873-5884. [PMID: 30612374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in beverages may enter the human body by ingestion and thus may represent a potential health risk. In this study, phthalates, bisphenol A, and its analogues, parabens, benzophenone-type UV filters, and triclosan (TCS) were analyzed in beverage samples (n = 116) collected from local markets in Guangzhou, South China. Twelve of 30 target compounds were found in > 50% samples, and for the first time, TCS was found in a majority of beverages from China (~ 80%). Among all analytes, concentrations of total phthalates (median = 14.4 ng/mL) were generally two orders of magnitude higher than other target EEDs, and concentrations of total benzophenone-type UV filters (0.02 ng/mL) and TCS (0.01 ng/mL) were the lowest. Among all targets, phthalates were predominant, accounting for > 99% of the total EEDs, and dimethyl phthalate was frequently detected in beverages (> 60%). In addition, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) of EEDs for Chinese populations of different age groups based on the daily consumption of beverages. The EDIs of total EEDs were the highest for toddlers (mean = 14,200 ng/kg-bw/day) followed by children and teenagers (3420 ng/kg-bw/day), adults (1950 ng/kg-bw/day), the elderly (1740 ng/kg-bw/day), and infants (70 ng/kg-bw/day). Compared to all food categories, EEDs from beverage consumption accounted for ~ 0.1% (parabens) to 20% (phthalates) of total exposure from diet. However, intakes of phthalates, bisphenols, and TCS from beverages were comparable to those from other potential sources (food, dust, personal care products, cloth, and medicines). Furthermore, the cumulative risks of EEDs by beverage consumption were not high, which indicated that EEDs in beverages might not represent a potential human health risk for Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liu-Hong Wu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chong-Jing Gao
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Prapainop K, Mekseriwattana W, Siangproh W, Chailapakul O, Songsrirote K. Successive detection of benzoic acid and total parabens in foodstuffs using mercaptosuccinic acid capped cadmium telluride quantum dots. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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32
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Troška P, Poboży E, Némethová Z, Masár M. Determination of Commonly Used Excipients in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Microchip Electrophoresis with Conductivity Detection. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kashani FZ, Ghoreishi SM, Khoobi A. Experimental and statistical analysis on a nanostructured sensor for determination of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in cosmetics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:45-55. [PMID: 30423729 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this research, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) coupled with experimental design, was used for determination of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) in cosmetics. Optimization of effecting parameters was carried out based on rotatable central composite design (RCCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) at the surface of a nanostructured electrode for achieving the best sensitivity. Sol-gel process was used for synthesize of nickel titanate (NiTiO3) nanoceramics. The structural and morphological characterization of the nanoparticles was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the NiTiO3 nanopowders were used for surface modification of a carbon paste modified electrode (CPE). Surface characterization of the electrode was accomplished using SEM, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Under the optimized conditions, the voltammograms exhibited two linear dynamic ranges of 0.7-80.0 μM and 80.0-1000.0 μM for PHB with the detection limit of 62.0 nM (S/N = 3). Finally the NiTiO3 nanoceramics modified carbon paste electrode (NiTiO3/CPE) could be employed for the determination of PHB in real samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Zeraatkar Kashani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box. 87317-51167, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box. 87317-51167, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Asma Khoobi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, P.O. Box. 87317-51167, Islamic Republic of Iran
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34
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Ma X, Wan Y, Wu M, Xu Y, Xu Q, He Z, Xia W. Occurrence of benzophenones, parabens and triclosan in the Yangtze River of China, and the implications for human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:517-525. [PMID: 30248498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans could be exposed to ingredients in personal care products (PCPs) via ingestion of water originated from contaminated water source, yet little attention has been focused on the distribution of benzophenones, parabens and triclosan in the Yangtze River water from China so far. Benzophenones, parabens and triclosan were analyzed in the water samples from 20 various sites in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, China from March to July, and September during 2015. Among the targeted compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA, a paraben metabolite) was found with the highest concentration (median: 510 ng/L), followed by benzophenone-1 (2.79 ng/L), methylparaben (MeP, median 2.72 ng/L) and triclosan (median: 1.85 ng/L). Significant differences were observed in seasonal variations for most observed compounds. Parabens and benzophenones showed higher concentrations in spring while triclosan and PHBA showed higher concentration in summer. Spatial variations of benzophenone-1 were observed among 20 sampling sites, whereas other benzophenones, parabens and triclosan distributed evenly comparatively. Human exposure assessment showed higher estimated daily intake of the detected compounds for infants and toddlers from water than adults, implicating that infants may experience a higher exposed risk than adults. This study provides evidence that parabens, benzophenones and triclosan commonly occurred in the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Ngigi EM, Nomngongo PN, Ngila JC. Synthesis and Application of Fe-Doped WO3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylparaben Using Visible–Light Radiation and H2O2. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Coors A, Vollmar P, Sacher F, Polleichtner C, Hassold E, Gildemeister D, Kühnen U. Prospective environmental risk assessment of mixtures in wastewater treatment plant effluents - Theoretical considerations and experimental verification. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 140:56-66. [PMID: 29684702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is continually exposed to a complex mixture of chemicals, whereby effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one key source. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether environmental risk assessments (ERAs) addressing individual substances are sufficiently protective for such coincidental mixtures. Based on a literature review of chemicals reported to occur in municipal WWTP effluents and mode-of-action considerations, four different types of mixtures were composed containing human pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and chemicals regulated under REACH. The experimentally determined chronic aquatic toxicity of these mixtures towards primary producers and the invertebrate Daphnia magna could be adequately predicted by the concept of concentration addition, with up to 5-fold overestimation and less than 3-fold underestimation of mixture toxicity. Effluents of a municipal WWTP had no impact on the predictability of mixture toxicity and showed no adverse effects on the test organisms. Predictive ERAs for the individual mixture components based on here derived predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) and median measured concentrations in WWTP effluents (MCeff) indicated no unacceptable risk for any of the individual chemicals, while MCeff/PNEC summation indicated a possible risk for multi-component mixtures. However, a refined mixture assessment based on the sum of toxic units at species level indicated no unacceptable risks, and allowed for a safety margin of more than factor 10, not taking into account any dilution of WWTP effluents by surface waters. Individual substances, namely climbazole, fenofibric acid and fluoxetine, were dominating the risks of the investigated mixtures, while added risk due to the mixture was found to be low with the risk quotient being increased by less than factor 2. Yet, uncertainty remains regarding chronic mixture toxicity in fish, which was not included in the present study. The number and identity of substances composing environmental mixtures such as WWTP effluents is typically unknown. Therefore, a mixture assessment factor is discussed as an option for a prospective ERA of mixtures of unknown composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Coors
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstrasse 2-14, 65439 Flörsheim/Main, Germany.
| | - Pia Vollmar
- ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Boettgerstrasse 2-14, 65439 Flörsheim/Main, Germany
| | - Frank Sacher
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Enken Hassold
- UBA - German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Daniela Gildemeister
- UBA - German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Ute Kühnen
- UBA - German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
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Hollow-fiber renewal liquid membrane extraction coupled with 96-well plate system as innovative high-throughput configuration for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence and diode array detection. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1040:33-40. [PMID: 30327111 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new configuration of the hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM) procedure for the high-throughput determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds 4-nonylphenol, 4-octylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, methylparaben, ethylparaben and bisphenol A using a 96-well plate system and high-performance liquid chromatography. In this configuration, cylindrical blades were adapted as a support for polypropylene membranes used as supported liquid membranes in the HFRLM approach. The proposed configuration exhibited important advantages including high-throughput, low solvent and sample consumption, and good analytical performance. The optimized extraction conditions were achieved with the use of a mixture comprised of 50:50 v/v 1-octanol:hexane as the supported liquid membrane, sample pH 5, extraction solvent 15 μL (hexane) and extraction time 45 min. The limits of quantification varied from 0.5 μg L-1 for 4-octylphenol to 15 μg L-1 for methylparaben and ethylparaben and the r2 ranged from 0.9908 for methylparaben to 0.9992 for 4-tert-octylphenol. HFRLM combined with the use of a 96-well plate provides an environmentally-friendly configuration. It offers good accuracy when applied to analyze water samples, with relative recoveries ranging from 72 to 130%, for 4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol, respectively, and precision varying from 1 to 14.3%, for 4-nonylphenol at 1.0 μg L-1 and bisphenol A at 8.0 μg L-1, respectively.
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38
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Mashile GP, Mpupa A, Nomngongo PN. In-Syringe Micro Solid-Phase Extraction Method for the Separation and Preconcentration of Parabens in Environmental Water Samples. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061450. [PMID: 29904011 PMCID: PMC6100510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple, rapid and effective in-syringe micro-solid phase extraction (MSPE) method was developed for the separation and preconcetration of parabens (methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl paraben) in environmental water samples. The parabens were determined and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography and a photo diode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Chitosan-coated activated carbon (CAC) was used as the sorbent in the in-syringe MSPE device. A response surface methodology based on central composite design was used for the optimization of factors (eluent solvent type, eluent volume, number of elution cycles, sample volume, sample pH) affecting the extraction efficiency of the preconcentration procedure. The adsorbent used displayed excellent absorption performance and the adsorption capacity ranged from 227–256 mg g−1. Under the optimal conditions the dynamic linear ranges for the parabens were between 0.04 and 380 µg L−1. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 6–15 ng L−1 and 20–50 ng L−1, respectively. The intraday (repeatability) and interday (reproducibility) precisions expressed as relative standard deviations (%RSD) were below 5%. Furthermore, the in-syringe MSPE/HPLC procedure was validated using spiked wastewater and tap water samples and the recoveries ranged between from 96.7 to 107%. In conclusion, CAC based in-syringe MSPE method demonstrated great potential for preconcentration of parabens in complex environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geaneth Pertunia Mashile
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Anele Mpupa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
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Farajzadeh MA, Bakhshizadeh Aghdam M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Alizadeh Nabil AA. Simultaneous derivatization and lighter-than-water air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction using a homemade device for the extraction and preconcentration of some parabens in different samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3105-3112. [PMID: 29873179 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous derivatization and air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction using an organic that is solvent lighter than water has been developed for the extraction of some parabens in different samples with the aid of a newly designed device for collecting the extractant. For this purpose, the sample solution is transferred into a glass test tube and a few microliters of acetic anhydride (as a derivatization agent) and p-xylene (as an extraction solvent) are added to the solution. After performing the procedure, the homemade device consists of an inverse funnel with a capillary tube placed into the tube. In this step, the collected extraction solvent and a part of the aqueous solution are transferred into the device and the organic phase indwells in the capillary tube of the device. Under the optimal conditions, limits of detection and quantification for the analytes were obtained in the ranges of 0.90-2.7 and 3.0-6.1 ng/mL, respectively. The enrichment and enhancement factors were in the ranges of 370-430 and 489-660, respectively. The method precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation, was within the range of 4-6% (n = 6) and 4-9% (n = 4) for intra- and interday precisions, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl parabens in cosmetic, hygiene and food samples, and personal care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chemometric optimization of the extraction and derivatization of parabens for their determination in water samples by rotating-disk sorptive extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 176:551-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Wang H, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Hu B, Miró M. 3D-Printed Microflow Injection Analysis Platform for Online Magnetic Nanoparticle Sorptive Extraction of Antimicrobials in Biological Specimens as a Front End to Liquid Chromatographic Assays. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12541-12549. [PMID: 29039944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the concept of 3D-printed microflow injection (3D-μFI) embodying a dedicated multifunctional 3D-printed stator onto a rotary microvalve along with a mesofluidic sample preparation platform is proposed for the first time. A transparent 3D-printed stereolithographic mesofluidic chip device accommodating polyaniline (PANI) decorated magnetic nanoparticles (32.5 ± 3.8 mg) is harnessed to in-line sorptive microextraction as a front end to liquid chromatography with peak focusing. As a proof-of-concept application, the 3D-μFI assembly was resorted to matrix cleanup and automatic programmable-flow determination of organic emerging contaminants (4-hydroxybenzoate analogues and triclosan as antimicrobial model analytes) in human saliva and urine samples. By using a sample volume of 1.0 mL with a loading flow rate of 200 μL min-1, an eluent volume of 120 μL at 80 μL min-1, and online HPLC injection of 300 μL of the mixture of eluate and Milli-Q water (in a 1:2 ratio) to prevent band broadening effects of the most polar analytes, the limits of detection (3σ criterion) ranged from 1.1 to 4.5 ng mL-1 for methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PrP), phenylparaben (PhP), butylparaben (BP), and triclosan (TCS). Enhancement factors of 16-25 were obtained for the target analytes. Spike recoveries ranged from 84 to 117% for both saliva and urine samples. The online 3D-μFI hyphenated method is synchronized with the chromatographic separation and features a chip lifetime of more than 20 injections with minimal losses of moderately nonpolar compounds on the walls of the mesofluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands , Carretera de Valldemossa, km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands , Carretera de Valldemossa, km. 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Yin Q, Zhu Y, Yang Y. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed by Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Four Parabens in Beverage Samples by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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43
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Recycling polymer residues to synthesize magnetic nanocomposites for dispersive micro-solid phase extraction. Talanta 2017; 170:451-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Aristizabal-Ciro C, Botero-Coy AM, López FJ, Peñuela GA. Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products in reservoir water used for drinking water supply. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7335-7347. [PMID: 28105593 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the presence of selected emerging contaminants has been investigated in two reservoirs, La Fe (LF) and Rio Grande (RG), which supply water to two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) of Medellin, one of the most populated cities of Colombia. An analytical method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) of the sample followed by measurement by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for this purpose. Five monitoring campaigns were performed in each reservoir, collecting samples from 7 sites (LF) and 10 sites (RG) at 3 different depths of the water column. In addition, water samples entering in the DWTPs and treated water samples from these plans were also analysed for the selected compounds. Data from this work showed that parabens, UV filters and the pharmaceutical ibuprofen were commonly present in most of the reservoir samples. Thus, methyl paraben was detected in around 90% of the samples collected, while ibuprofen was found in around 60% of the samples. Water samples feeding the DWTPs also contained these two compounds, as well as benzophenone at low concentrations, which was in general agreement with the results from the reservoir samples. After treatment in the DWTPs, these three compounds were still present in the samples although at low concentrations (<40 ng/L), which evidenced that they were not completely removed after the conventional treatment applied. The potential effects of the presence of these compounds at the ppt levels in drinking water are still unknown. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to these compounds via consumption of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aristizabal-Ciro
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Ana María Botero-Coy
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, 12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Francisco J López
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- Grupo GDCON, Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria (SIU), Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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45
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Lopes D, Dias AN, Simão V, Carasek E. Determination of emerging contaminants in aqueous matrices with hollow fiber-supported dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (HF-DLLME) and separation/detection by liquid chromatography – Diode array detection. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Abdul Karim N’I, Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS. Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for separation of endocrine disrupting chemical and phenolic pollutants in water samples. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2649-2656. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul ’I. Abdul Karim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Wan A. Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Mohd M. Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
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47
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Villaverde-de-Sáa E, Rodil R, Quintana JB, Cela R. Matrix solid-phase dispersion combined to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of paraben preservatives in mollusks. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1459:57-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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48
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Hopkins ZR, Blaney L. An aggregate analysis of personal care products in the environment: Identifying the distribution of environmentally-relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:301-316. [PMID: 27128715 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 3-4 decades, per capita consumption of personal care products (PCPs) has steadily risen, resulting in increased discharge of the active and inactive ingredients present in these products into wastewater collection systems. PCPs comprise a long list of compounds employed in toothpaste, sunscreen, lotions, soaps, body washes, and insect repellants, among others. While comprehensive toxicological studies are not yet available, an increasing body of literature has shown that PCPs of all classes can impact aquatic wildlife, bacteria, and/or mammalian cells at low concentrations. Ongoing research efforts have identified PCPs in a variety of environmental compartments, including raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, surface water, wastewater solids, sediment, groundwater, and drinking water. Here, an aggregate analysis of over 5000 reported detections was conducted to better understand the distribution of environmentally-relevant PCP concentrations in, and between, these compartments. The distributions were used to identify whether aggregated environmentally-relevant concentration ranges intersected with available toxicity data. For raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and surface water, a clear overlap was present between the 25th-75th percentiles and identified toxicity levels. This analysis suggests that improved wastewater treatment of antimicrobials, UV filters, and polycyclic musks is required to prevent negative impacts on aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hopkins
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, ECS 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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49
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Ma T, Li Z, Jia Q, Zhou W. Ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic liquid emulsification microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of parabens in personal care products. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1624-31. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Qiong Jia
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
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50
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Esteban S, Moreno-Merino L, Matellanes R, Catalá M, Gorga M, Petrovic M, López de Alda M, Barceló D, Silva A, Durán JJ, López-Martínez J, Valcárcel Y. Presence of endocrine disruptors in freshwater in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:179-92. [PMID: 26882535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human presence in Antarctica and the waste it generates is causing an impact on the environment at local and border scale. The main sources of anthropic pollution have a mainly local effect, and include the burning of fossil fuels, waste incineration, accidental spillage and wastewater effluents, even when treated. The aim of this work is to determine the presence and origin of 30 substances of anthropogenic origin considered to be, or suspected of being, endocrine disruptors in the continental waters of the Antarctic Peninsula region. We also studied a group of toxic metals, metalloids and other elements with possible endocrine activity. Ten water samples were analyzed from a wide range of sources, including streams, ponds, glacier drain, and an urban wastewater discharge into the sea. Surprisingly, the concentrations detected are generally similar to those found in other studies on continental waters in other parts of the world. The highest concentrations of micropollutants found correspond to the group of organophosphate flame retardants (19.60-9209ngL(-1)) and alkylphenols (1.14-7225ngL(-1)); and among toxic elements the presence of aluminum (a possible hormonal modifier) (1.7-127µgL(-1)) is significant. The concentrations detected are very low and insufficient to cause acute or subacute toxicity in aquatic organisms. However, little is known as yet of the potential sublethal and chronic effects of this type of pollutants and their capacity for bioaccumulation. These results point to the need for an ongoing system of environmental monitoring of these substances in Antarctic continental waters, and the advisability of regulating at least the most environmentally hazardous of these in the Antarctic legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esteban
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain.
| | - L Moreno-Merino
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), C/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Matellanes
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain
| | - M Catalá
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain; Biology and Geology Department, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda Tulipán s/n, Mostoles, (Madrid), Spain
| | - M Gorga
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López de Alda
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A Silva
- National Institute of Water, Empalme J. Newbery km 1,620, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Durán
- Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), C/ Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - J López-Martínez
- Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Health Research Group (Toxamb), Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, Inmunology and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciencies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. Atenas s/n, E-28922 Alcorcón, (Madrid), Spain.
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