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Takemura K, Iwasaki W, Morita N, Ohmagari S, Takaki Y, Fukaura H, Kikunaga K. Determination of Low Concentrations of Mercury Based on the Electrodeposition Time. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:981. [PMID: 38869606 PMCID: PMC11173952 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil plays a crucial role in human health through its impact on food and habitation. However, it often contains toxic heavy metals, with mercury being particularly hazardous when methylated. Currently, high-sensitivity, rapid detection of mercury is achievable only through electrochemical measurements. These measurements require pretreatment of the soil sample and the preparation of a calibration curve tailored to the sample's condition. In this study, we developed a method to determine the environmental standard value of mercury content in soil by significantly reducing the pretreatment process. Our approach involves analyzing current peaks from electrodeposition times using specific electrodes and solvent settings. This method demonstrates low error rates under low concentration conditions and can detect mercury levels as low as 0.5 ppb in soil leachate and reagent dilution series. This research facilitates the determination of low mercury concentrations in solutions containing various soil micro-compounds without the need for calibration curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshin Takemura
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu 841-0052, Saga, Japan; (W.I.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Wataru Iwasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu 841-0052, Saga, Japan; (W.I.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Nobutomo Morita
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu 841-0052, Saga, Japan; (W.I.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Shinya Ohmagari
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu 841-0052, Saga, Japan; (W.I.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (K.K.)
| | - Yasunori Takaki
- Sakamoto Lime Industry Co., Ltd., 273-1 Simo, Tamana 865-0013, Kumamoto, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.F.)
| | - Hitomi Fukaura
- Sakamoto Lime Industry Co., Ltd., 273-1 Simo, Tamana 865-0013, Kumamoto, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.F.)
| | - Kazuya Kikunaga
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 807-1 Shuku-Machi, Tosu 841-0052, Saga, Japan; (W.I.); (N.M.); (S.O.); (K.K.)
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2
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Sun J, Fang W, Liza AA, Gao R, Song J, Guo J, Rojas OJ. Photoluminescent Nanocellulosic Film for Selective Hg 2+ Ion Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1583. [PMID: 38891529 PMCID: PMC11174859 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We developed a highly sensitive solid-state sensor for mercury detection by stabilizing red-sub-nanometric fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNC, 0.9 ± 0.1 nm diameter) with bovine serum albumin in a matrix composed of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) (BSA-AuNC/CNF). The main morphological and optical features of the system were investigated via atomic force/transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis/fluorescence spectroscopy. The hybrid film (off-white and highly transparent) showed strong photoluminescene under UV irradiation. The latter is assigned to the AuNC, which also increase the ductility of the emitting film, which was demonstrated for high sensitivity Hg2+ detection. When used as a sensor system, following AuNC printing on CNF hybrid films, a limit of detection <10 nM was confirmed. What is more, nanocellulose films have a high pore structure and selective separation properties, showcasing a wide range of potential applications in many fields such as water treatment and oil-water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.S.); (A.A.L.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Wenwen Fang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Afroza Akter Liza
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.S.); (A.A.L.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Rui Gao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.S.); (A.A.L.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.S.); (A.A.L.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.S.); (A.A.L.); (R.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076 Helsinki, Finland;
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360, East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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3
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Tiwari MS, Kadu AK. Thiol-based chemically modified carbon screen-printed electrode for simultaneous quantification of trace level Pb(II) and Cd(II). ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00581-z. [PMID: 38740715 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Present work reports, the development of a novel electrochemical sensor based on a diazonium-coupling reaction and covalent attachment of the -NH2 group of cysteamine (Cyst) on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), for simultaneous determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II). Initially, the in-situ generated 4-carboxyphenyl (4-CP) diazonium salt was electro-grafted to generate 4-CP/SPCE, followed by covalent bonding of terminal carboxylic group of 4-CP with -NH2 group of Cyst to give Cyst/4-CP/SPCE. The modified electrode showed an enhanced selectivity and sensitivity toward the quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) without mutual interference. Under optimal experimental conditions, the newly designed sensor showed a wide linear range of 0.01 µM to 0.7 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 0.882 nM (0.09 ppb) and 0.65 nM (0.134 ppb) for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The modified SPCE exhibited good stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in water samples which illustrated excellent recoveries in different spiked samples and the results were in line with the standard ICP-AES analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mritunjay S Tiwari
- University Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Arun K Kadu
- University Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Santacruz (East), Mumbai, 400 098, India.
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4
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Tian X, Wang Y, Xu T, Guo Y, Bi Y, Liu Y, Liang Y, Cui W, Liu Y, Hu L, Yin Y, Cai Y, Jiang G. Bioconcentration of Inorganic and Methyl Mercury by Algae Revealed Using Dual-Mass Single-Cell ICP-MS with Double Isotope Tracers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7860-7869. [PMID: 38647522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Algae are an entry point for mercury (Hg) into the food web. Bioconcentration of Hg by algae is crucial for its biogeochemical cycling and environmental risk. Herein, considering the cell heterogeneity, we investigated the bioconcentration of coexisting isotope-labeled inorganic (199IHg) and methyl Hg (201MeHg) by six typical freshwater and marine algae using dual-mass single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (scICP-MS). First, a universal pretreatment procedure for the scICP-MS analysis of algae was developed. Using the proposed method, the intra- and interspecies heterogeneities and the kinetics of Hg bioconcentration by algae were revealed at the single-cell level. The heterogeneity in the cellular Hg contents is largely related to cell size. The bioconcentration process reached a dynamic equilibrium involving influx/adsorption and efflux/desorption within hours. Algal density is a key factor affecting the distribution of Hg between algae and ambient water. Cellular Hg contents were negatively correlated with algal density, whereas the volume concentration factors almost remained constant. Accordingly, we developed a model based on single-cell analysis that well describes the density-driven effects of Hg bioconcentration by algae. From a novel single-cell perspective, the findings improve our understanding of algal bioconcentration governed by various biological and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Tian
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yonghong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wenbin Cui
- R&D Center, Shandong Yingsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Mousavi Z, Ghasemi JB, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Rahimi S, Badiei A. Coumarin derivative-functionalized nanoporous silica as an on-off fluorescent sensor for detecting Fe 3+ and Hg 2+ ions: a circuit logic gate. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:70. [PMID: 38647707 PMCID: PMC11035537 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient fluorescent sensor (S-DAC) was easily created by functionalizing the SBA-15 surface with N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane followed by the covalent attachment of 7-diethylamino 3-acetyl coumarin (DAC). This chemosensor (S-DAC) demonstrates selective and sensitive recognition of Fe3+ and Hg2+ in water-based solutions, with detection limits of 0.28 × 10-9 M and 0.2 × 10-9 M for Hg2+ and Fe3+, respectively. The sensor's fluorescence characteristics were examined in the presence of various metal ions, revealing a decrease in fluorescence intensity upon adding Fe3+ or Hg2+ ions at an emission wavelength of 400 nm. This sensor was also able to detect ferric and mercury ions in spinach and tuna fish. The quenching mechanism of S-DAC was investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy, which confirmed a static-type mechanism for fluorescence quenching. Moreovre, the decrease in fluorescence intensity caused by mercury and ferric ions can be reversed using trisodium citrate dihydrate and EDTA as masking agents, respectively. As a result, a circuit logic gate was designed using Hg2+, Fe3+, trisodium citrate dihydrate, and EDTA as inputs and the quenched fluorescence emission as the output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mousavi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jahan B Ghasemi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University, P.O. Box: 1993893973, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahnaz Rahimi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Ma BC, Guo Y, Lin YR, Zhang J, Wang XQ, Zhang WQ, Luo JG, Chen YT, Zhang NX, Lu Q, Hui CY. High-throughput screening of human mercury exposure based on a low-cost naked eye-recognized biosensing platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115961. [PMID: 38150800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell biosensors could be helpful for in situ disease diagnosis. However, their use in analyzing biological samples has been hindered by unstable responses, low signal enhancement, and growth inhibition in complex media. Here, we offered a solution by building a visual whole-cell biosensor for urinary mercury determination. With deoxyviolacein as the preferred signal for the mercury biosensor for the first time, it enabled the quantitative detection of urinary mercury with a favorable linear range from 1.57 to 100 nM. The biosensor can accurately diagnose urine mercury levels exceeding the biological exposure index with 95.8% accuracy. Thus, our study provided a biosensing platform with great potential to serve as a stable, user-friendly, and high-throughput alternative for the daily monitoring or estimating of urinary mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Chan Ma
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China; Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yi-Ran Lin
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 828 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Wen-Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jin-Gan Luo
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Nai-Xing Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chang-Ye Hui
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, 2019 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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7
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Zábojníková L. Seasonal and age-dependent differences in mercury concentrations in Apodemus sp. in the north-western region of Slovakia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10521-10532. [PMID: 38200190 PMCID: PMC10850257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Pollution of ecosystems by heavy metals such as mercury is currently a great concern. Mercury (Hg) can be released into the environment anthropogenically, but it is also naturally present in small quantities in all environmental compartments. Many different factors contribute to different rates of Hg deposition in animal bodies. The aim of this work is to describe how Hg concentrations in the bodies of small rodents change throughout the season at a site where massive anthropogenic pollution is not expected. Mice of the genus Apodemus were sampled during the whole year. Samples of blood, hair, liver, kidney, and brain were analyzed. Total Hg concentrations were measured by DMA-80. The mean Hg concentrations in examined organs were in the order hairs > kidney > liver > blood > brain, and their values decreased from 0.0500 to 0.0046 mg kg-1 dry weight. Males and females did not differ in contamination levels, but age-dependent differences in Hg concentrations were found. It was also identified how Hg concentrations in different organs correlate with each other. Different levels of seasonal variability were detected in Hg concentrations in blood, hair, and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Zábojníková
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Tatranská Javorina 7, 059 56, Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia.
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8
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Clarke RG, Klapstein SJ, Keenan R, O'Driscoll NJ. Salinity and total suspended solids control mercury speciation in a tidal river: Comparisons with a photochemical mercury model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140313. [PMID: 37775057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Daytime volatilization of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg(0)aq) is a significant mechanism for mercury removal from aquatic systems and potentially limits the production and bioaccumulation of methylmercury. Changes in incoming solar radiation (in the ultraviolet range), dissolved organic matter, salinity, and total suspended particles were investigated concurrently with several mercury species (Hg(0)aq, dissolved total mercury (THg), easily reducible mercury (ERM), and mercury associated with total suspended solids (THgTSS)) during daylight hours near the mouth of a hypertidal river. There were no predictable temporal changes observed for Hg(0)aq in unfiltered surface water. Hg(0)aq ranged from 0 to 12 pg L-1, THg ranged from 0 to 492 pg L-1, ERM ranged from 13 to 381 pg L-1, and THgTSS ranged from <1.58 ng g-1 to 261.32 ng g-1. The range of Hg(0)aq predicted by the empirical model was similar to measured ERM concentrations, but it was shown that ERM did not significantly predict in-situ photoreducible Hg(II) (Hg(II)RED). Production of Hg(0)aq appears to largely be suppressed by suspended solids, which limits ultraviolet radiation transmission through surface water. Comparison of these results to an empirical model developed for this site to predict Hg(0)aq indicates that significantly more mercury is available for photoreduction near the mouth of the tidal river, and that Hg(II) will likely photoreduce quickly when TSS levels decrease with ocean mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Clarke
- . Department of Earth & Environmental Science. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Sara J Klapstein
- . Department of Earth & Environmental Science. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Robert Keenan
- . Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- . Department of Earth & Environmental Science. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
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Rohovec J, Navrátil T, Nováková T. An Innovative Method to Generate Bromine Monochloride for Trace Hg Analysis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:55. [PMID: 37847384 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a new method for generating a BrCl solution, starting from the commercially available dibromodimethylhydantoin (DBDMH). This method is notable due to the straightforward, safe and clean performance, being based on a simple addition of DBDMH into aqueous HCl. The whole procedure is finished in about 20 min. An advantage of the proposed method is avoiding of tedious reagents pre-cleaning by prolonged thermal treatment, spontaneous overheating and excessive vapor evolution. The resulting BrCl stabilization reagent is low enough in mercury content to be directly used in trace mercury analysis. A thorough study of the BrCl solutions prepared by this method showed that they conform in all respects to US EPA 1631e/2002 requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rohovec
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Nováková
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, 165 00, Czech Republic
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10
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Zhang K, Wang L, Qin M, Mulder J, Hou D. Mercury reduction by black carbon under dark conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120241. [PMID: 37392509 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An accurate depiction of mercury (Hg) reduction is important to predict Hg biogeochemistry in both aquatic and soil systems. Although the photoreduction of Hg is well documented, reduction in the dark is poorly known and is thus the focus of this work. Black carbon (BC), an important constituent of organic matter in environments, can reduce Hg2+ in dark and oxygen-deficient conditions. Fast removal of Hg2+ in BC/Hg2+ solution was observed, with 4.99-86.88 L mg-1h-1 of the reaction rate constant, which could be ascribed to the combined actions of adsorption and reduction. Meanwhile, slow Hg reduction was obtained, compared to Hg removal, with 0.06-2.16 L mg-1h-1 of the reaction rate constant. Thus, in the initial stage, Hg2+ removal was mainly triggered by adsorption, rather than reduction. Afterward, the adsorbed Hg2+ on black carbon was converted into Hg0. Dissolved black carbon and aromatic CH on particulate black carbon were dominant triggers of Hg reduction for black carbon. During Hg reduction, the intastable intermediate, formed in the complex between aromatic CH and Hg2+, behaved as persistent free radicals, which could be detected by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance. Subsequently, the intastable intermediate was mainly converted into CO on black carbon and Hg0. Corresponding results of the present study highlight the important role of black carbon in the Hg biogeochemical cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhan Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Montoro-Leal P, García-Mesa JC, Morales-Benítez I, Vázquez-Palomo L, López Guerrero MDM, Vereda Alonso EI. Synthesis of a novel magnetic nanomaterial for the development of a multielemental speciation method of lead, mercury, and vanadium via HPLC-ICP MS. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:296. [PMID: 37458876 PMCID: PMC10352391 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A new magnetic functionalized material based on graphene oxide magnetic nanoparticles named by us, M@GO-TS, was designed and characterized in order to develop a magnetic solid-phase extraction method (MSPE) to enrich inorganic and organic species of lead, mercury, and vanadium. A flow injection (FI) system was used to preconcentrate the metallic and organometallic species simultaneously, while the ultra-trace separation and determination of the selected species were achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP MS). Therefore, preconcentration and separation/determination processes were automated and conducted separately. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method combining an online MSPE and HPLC-ICP MS for multielemental speciation. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factor obtained for PbII, trimethyllead (TML), HgII, methylmercury (MetHg), and VV was 27. The calculated LOD for all studied species were as follows: 5 ng L-1, 20 ng L-1, 2 ng L-1, 10 ng L-1, and 0.4 ng L-1, respectively. The RSD values calculated with a solution containing 0.5 μg L-1 of all species were between 2.5 and 4.5%. The developed method was validated by analyzing Certified Reference Materials TMDA 64.3 for total concentration and also by recovery analysis of the species in human urine from volunteers and a seawater sample collected in Málaga. The t statistical test showed no significant differences between the certified and found values for TMDA 64.3. All the recoveries obtained from spiked human urine and seawater samples were close to 100%. All samples were analyzed using external calibration. The developed method is sensitive and promising for routine monitoring of the selected species in environmental waters and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Montoro-Leal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Irene Morales-Benítez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Vázquez-Palomo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Elisa I Vereda Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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12
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Karapa A, Kokkinos C, Fielden PR, Baldock SJ, Goddard NJ, Economou A. Gold nanoparticle-modified sustainable plastic sensor chip for voltammetric monitoring of Hg(II). Talanta 2023; 265:124850. [PMID: 37354623 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic environmental contaminant that can cause serious health problems. This work describes a new type of eco-friendly three-electrode plastic sensor chip for the determination of trace Hg(II) by means of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The sensor chip is entirely fabricated by injection moulding, which is a sustainable manufacturing method, and consists of three conductive carbon-based electrodes embedded in a plastic holder while the reference electrode is coated with Ag using e-beam evaporation. The sample is spiked with Au(III) which deposits on the working electrode in the form of gold nanoparicles during the analysis; the target Hg(II) co-deposits on the gold nanoparticles forming a Au(Hg) amalgam in situ. The accumulated Hg is stripped off the electrode and quantified by an anodic square wave potential scan. The relevant conditions and the potential interferences are investigated. The limit of detection for Hg(II) is 0.4 μg L-1 and the repeatability at the 20 μg L-1 Hg(III) level (n = 10) is 5.3%. The sensor is applied to water, honey, fish oil and mussel samples with recoveries between 98 and 107%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Karapa
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece
| | - Christos Kokkinos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece
| | - Peter R Fielden
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sara J Baldock
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | | | - Anastasios Economou
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece.
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13
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Xuan Y, Li X, Yan C, Wang G. Fluorescence off-on nanosensor based on MoS 2 nanosheets and oligonucleotides for the alternative detection of mercury(II) ions or silver(I) ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 293:122479. [PMID: 36787675 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As traditional methods for detection of heavy metal pollution in water involve complex procedures and require expensive equipment, there is a great deal of interest in the development of rapid and simple methods for determining heavy metal ions in water. Here, a nanobiosensor based on molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanosheets and fluorophore (FAM) labeled oligonucleotides was proposed, and fluorescence spectroscopy was adopted for detection of Hg2+ or Ag+ ions in aqueous solution. The principle underlying detection by the sensor involves the formation of T-Hg2+-T or C-Ag+-C mismatches by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) rich in thymine (T) or cytosine (C), thereby forming stable double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) structures. By exploiting the different adsorption capacity of MoS2 nanosheets for ssDNA and dsDNA, when oligonucleotides were in a single chain state, MoS2 nanosheets possessed a strong adsorption capacity for ssDNA, resulting in fluorescence quenching of FAM. After the addition of Hg2+ or Ag+, ssDNA formed double chains structure, the fluorescence recovered due to the weak adsorption capacity of MoS2 nanosheets for dsDNA. Along this line, an "off-on" mode fluorescence nanobiosensor was designed to alternatively detect these two heavy metal ions in water. The sensor showed high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for both Hg2+ and Ag+ ions, with minimum detection limits of 6.8 nM and 8.9 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Xuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Design and Recycle for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Changling Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Gongke Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center of Design and Recycle for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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14
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Li R, Pan Y, Sun C, Lin C, Chen S, Wu Y, Fu F. A broad-applicability method for mercury speciation in various seafoods using microwave-assisted extraction and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1802-1811. [PMID: 36943735 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00289f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Almost all marine organisms contain both inorganic and organic mercury, and thus it is extremely important to determine mercury species in seafood to objectively and scientifically assess the health risk posed by mercury. We herein developed a broad-applicability microwave-assisted extraction method and a robust ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) method for the speciation analysis of mercury in various seafood samples including seaweeds, fishes and shellfishes. The extraction method has broad adaptability, it can be used to simultaneously extract mercury species from various seafood samples including seaweeds, fishes and shellfishes without altering the chemical species of mercury, with an extraction efficiency >90%. Especially, the seafood extract obtained with the extraction method can be directly used for the following IC-ICP-MS determination of mercury species without additional pretreatment. The IC-ICP-MS method used low-cost cation guard columns as the separation column, and has an instrument detection limit of 0.02-0.05 ng mL-1 for Hg2+, CH3Hg+ and C2H5Hg+. The developed extraction and IC-ICP-MS methods have been successfully used to determine Hg2+, CH3Hg+ and C2H5Hg+ in various seaweeds, fishes and shellfishes without the matrix effect, with a method detection limit of 2.4-6.0 ng g-1 dried weight, a recovery of 92-105%, and a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) of less than or equal to 6%. The success of this study offers a reliable and universal approach for the speciation analysis of mercury in seafood, which may provide the database for objectively assessing the health risks of mercury in seafood and ensuring the safety of consumption of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Li
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yuquan Pan
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Chaochen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Shilong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of China Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology of MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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15
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Song J, Zhao N, Zhao L. Self-assembly and phase transition of gold nanoclusters in natural deep eutectic solvent for visual detection of toxicants in water environment. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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King DCP, Watts MJ, Hamilton EM, Mortimer R, Kilgour DPA, Di Bonito M. The present and potential future of aqueous mercury preservation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:351-363. [PMID: 36723022 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is considered to be one of the most toxic elements to humans. Due to pollution from industry and artisanal gold mining, mercury species are present globally in waters used for agriculture, aquaculture, and drinking water. This review summarises methods reported for preserving mercury species in water samples and highlights the associated hazards and issues with each. This includes the handling of acids in an uncontrolled environment, breakage of sample containers, and the collection and transport of sample volumes in excess of 1 L, all of which pose difficulties for both in situ collection and transportation. Literature related to aqueous mercury preservation from 2000-2021 was reviewed, as well as any commonly cited and relevant references. Amongst others, solid-phase extraction techniques were explored for preservation and preconcentration of total and speciated mercury in water samples. Additionally, the potential as a safe, in situ preservation and storage method for mercury species were summarised. The review highlighted that the stability of mercury is increased when adsorbed on a solid-phase and therefore the metal and its species can be preserved without the need for hazardous reagents or materials in the field. The mercury species can then be eluted upon return to a laboratory, where sensitive analytical detection and speciation methods can be better applied. Developments in solid phase extraction as a preservation method for unstable metals such as mercury will improve the quality of representative environmental data, and further improve toxicology and environmental monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C P King
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Inorganic Geochemistry Facility, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry Facility, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Elliott M Hamilton
- Inorganic Geochemistry Facility, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | - Marcello Di Bonito
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Unversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Ayodhya D. Recent progress on detection of bivalent, trivalent, and hexavalent toxic heavy metal ions in water using metallic nanoparticles: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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18
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Jalali Sarvestani MR, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Simultaneous determination of Pb2+ and Hg2+ at food specimens by a Melamine-based covalent organic framework modified glassy carbon electrode. Food Chem 2023; 402:134246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Chen S, Hao Y, Li R, Liu Y, Li J, Geng L. N-doped carbon dots as the multifunctional fluorescent probe for mercury ion, glutathione and pH detection. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:125501. [PMID: 36548986 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acade7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have exhibited promising applications in the fluorescence detection of various ions and biomolecules. In this work, one kind of nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) with high fluorescence intensity was synthesized, characterized by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, UV-vis absorption spectra, and fluorescence spectra. The results show that the spherical and uniform N-CDs (quantum yield: 60.2%) have remarkable fluorescence properties and photostability, which makes N-CDs can be utilized as an 'on-off-on' sensor for Hg2+and glutathione (GSH). In addition, the pH-sensitive behavior of N-CDs makes it also applicable to H+detection under acid conditions (pKa = 3.53). The linear range of the 'turn-off' sensor detecting Hg2+was 0.014-50μM, with a 0.014μM limit of detection (LOD). GSH was detected by the fluorescence 'turn-on' method with a linear range of 0.125-60μM and a LOD of 0.125μM. The outstanding performance of N-CDs makes it potential applications in ecological pollution and biomolecule visualization monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenna Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Hao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Li
- School of Information Technology, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Geng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lin H, Li M, Zhu Y, Lan W, Feng Q, Ding S, Li T, Wang Y, Duan Y, Wei J, Li M. Development and validation of the DGT technique using the novel cryogel for measuring dissolved Hg(II) in the estuary. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105773. [PMID: 36283212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex seawater matrix has significantly influenced the determination of estuarine dissolved Hg(II), hindering its monitoring and risk assessment in maricultural areas. In this work, SiO2-SH-DGT assembled by the sulfhydryl-modified silica cryogel (SiO2-SH cryogel) as the novel binding phase was developed to tackle this problem. The uniform dispersion of the cryogel into binding gel was advantageous for achieving remarkable and comparable capacity, which endowed the estimated diffusion coefficient (D) to be 1.39-3.08 times of the existing research. The SiO2-SH-DGT performance was independent of pH (3-9), ionic strength (10-800 mM), fulvic acid at low content, and seawater matrix (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-), but the high content of Mg2+ did interfere with the Hg(II) accumulation, which manifested as competitive adsorption and diffusion. Therefore, the calibrated model was established by calibrating accumulated mass (M') and diffusion coefficient (D') based on the Mg2+ concentration, its high accuracy was further verified in the lab. Finally, SiO2-SH-DGT was deployed in the three typical aquaculture areas in Beibu Gulf, field trials achieved the actual Hg(II) level to be 1.52-5.38 ng/L with consideration of the diffusion boundary layer. The finding could provide new thought and technical support for metal pollution monitoring in estuary maricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Lin
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Mingzhi Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenlu Lan
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Guangxi, Beihai, China
| | - Qingge Feng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshen Li
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Guangxi, Beihai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junqi Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingen Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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21
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Ghaemi M, Hajiaghababaei L, Tehrani RM, Najafpour J, Sadat Shahvelayati A. A theoretical and experimental approaches to the use of benzoyl carbamothioyl alanine as a new ionophore for development of various mercury selective electrodes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Mir Y, Wu S, Ma M, Ran Y, Zhu K, Mangwandi C, Mirza ZA. Mercury contamination in the riparian ecosystem during the reservoir discharging regulated by a mega dam. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4405-4422. [PMID: 35089477 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is extremely poisonous and can be absorbed through touch, inhalation, or consumption. In the living environment, Hg in contaminated sediment can be transferred into grass by the direct absorption through the roots or shoots. The intake of Hg due to Hg emissions may pose a threat to living bodies especially to human beings. The present study aims to provide a novel insight about total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) in a riparian grass (Cynodon dactylon (L).Pers) and sediments during the discharging phase (summertime at 145 m water level) in Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR-China); where C. dactylon is a dominant perennial herb in the riparian zone. Yet, the potential risk of Hg contamination in the riparian ecosystem is not thoroughly assessed in the dam regulated reservoir. This study was conducted in the riparian zones of the reservoir formed by a mega dam (Three Gorge Dam) which regulates the water levels during the summer and winter period in the TGR. Our results showed that riparian sediments were acting as a sink for THg and MeHg. Insignificant correlation of THg and MeHg was found between the amphiphyte C. dactylon and its surrounding sediments in the TGR. Bioconcentration factors values for MeHg were found higher than 1 in all study locations in the riparian zones in TGR, which could be due to action of certain bacteria/purely chemical-based methylation on inorganic form of Hg. Additionally, translocation factor indices also highlighted that the amphiphyte C. dactylon was MeHg accumulator in riparian zones. These results suggested that since riparian sediment was found acting as the sink for THg and MeHg during discharging phase, MeHg contamination in the amphiphyte C. dactylon in riparian zones was not caused by the riparian sediments but by other factors, for instance, the anthropogenic activities in the TGR. Finally, this study leads to conclude that amphiphyte C. dactylon can be used as biomonitoring agent for Hg pollution in the TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Mir
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Maohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yiguo Ran
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Chirangano Mangwandi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, David Kier Building Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT95AG, UK
| | - Zakaria Ahmed Mirza
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
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23
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Magnetic graphene oxide as a valuable material for the speciation of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Bridgestock L, Henderson GM, Holdship P, Khaing AM, Naing TT, Myint TA, Htun WW, Khant W, Thu WM, Chi MAN, Baronas JJ, Tipper E, Chapman H, Bickle M. Dissolved trace element concentrations and fluxes in the Irrawaddy, Salween, Sittaung and Kaladan Rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 841:156756. [PMID: 35718175 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwaddy) and Salween (Thanlwin) globally rank among the largest rivers for supplying dissolved and particulate material to the ocean. Along with the Sittaung and Kaladan rivers they have societal importance to Myanmar in terms water sources and food production. Despite their importance for global biogeochemical cycles and the ~50 million people who live in their catchments, the chemistry of these rivers is poorly known. This study presents a comprehensive survey of dissolved (<0.22 μm) trace element concentrations (Sr, Fe, Al, Ba, Mn, V, Rb, Cu, Zn, As, Li, Ni, Mo, Cr, U, Pb, Sb, Co, Cs, Tl and Cd) at 38 locations within these river catchments, spanning a period of 2 years. The results highlight the global importance of the Irrawaddy and Salween rivers for trace element global biogeochemical cycles; contributing between 1 and 17 % of global dissolved riverine fluxes to the land-ocean interface for the studied elements. Area normalized dissolved fluxes in these catchments are ~2 to 10 times higher than global average values for most elements, consistent with high rates of chemical weathering. In general, anthropogenic activities have yet to significantly perturb dissolved trace element fluxes in these river systems. The presented dataset should therefore serve as a useful 'natural' baseline, against which future perturbations driven by climate change and/or the development of Myanmar's mining industry could be assessed. Exceptions to this include As in the Sittaung River and Sb, Zn, Pb and As in the Salween River, which may already be significantly impacted by anthropogenic inputs. The former represents a water quality issue of concern for public health, and so constraining the exact sources of As in the Sittaung River should be considered a priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bridgestock
- Department of Earth Science, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK.
| | - Gideon M Henderson
- Department of Earth Science, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Phil Holdship
- Department of Earth Science, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Aung Myo Khaing
- Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tin Tin Naing
- Department of Earth Science, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Tin Aung Myint
- Department of Geology, Monywa University, Monywa, Myanmar
| | - Wint Wint Htun
- Department of Geology, Pathein University, Pathein, Myanmar
| | - Win Khant
- Department of Geology, Bhamo University, Myanmar
| | - Win Myo Thu
- Advancing Life and Regenerating Motherland (ALARM), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mo Aung Nay Chi
- Advancing Life and Regenerating Motherland (ALARM), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - J Jotautas Baronas
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK; Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Edward Tipper
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Hazel Chapman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Mike Bickle
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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25
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Muhammad I, Muhammad T, Hoji A, Imerhasan M, Adnan. A Fluorescent Polymer Coated Sensor Chip for Mercury Ion (Hg
2+
) Determination in Lake Water. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Muhammad
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xinjiang University Urumqi 830017 Xinjiang P.R. China
| | - Turghun Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Xinjiang University Urumqi 830017 Xinjiang P. R. China
| | - Amina Hoji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Xinjiang University Urumqi 830017 Xinjiang P. R. China
| | - Mukhtar Imerhasan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources Xinjiang University Urumqi 830017 Xinjiang P. R. China
| | - Adnan
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan 19130
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26
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Aldakheel RK, Gondal MA, Alsayed HN, Almessiere MA, Nasr MM, Shemsi AM. Rapid Determination and Quantification of Nutritional and Poisonous Metals in Vastly Consumed Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine (Rejuvenator Shilajit) by Humans Using Three Advanced Analytical Techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4199-4216. [PMID: 34800280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Shilajit is used commonly as Ayurvedic medicine worldwide which is Rasayana herbo-mineral substance and consumed to restore the energetic balance and to prevent diseases like cognitive disorders and Alzheimer. Locally, Shilajit is applied for patients diagnosed with bone fractures. For safety of the patients, the elemental analysis of Shilajit is imperative to evaluate its nutritional quality as well as contamination from heavy metals. The elemental composition of Shilajit was conducted using three advanced analytical techniques (LIBS, ICP, and EDX). For the comparative studies, the two Shilajit kinds mostly sold globally produced in India and Pakistan were collected. Our main focus is to highlight nutritional eminence and contamination of heavy metals to hinge on Shilajit therapeutic potential. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Shilajit. Our LIBS analysis revealed that Shilajit samples composed of several elements like Ca, S, K, Mg, Al, Na, Sr, Fe, P, Si, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Se, and Ti. Indian and Pakistani Shilajits were highly enriched with Ca, S, and K nutrients and contained Al, Sr, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Pb, As, and Hg toxins in amounts that exceeded the standard permissible limit. Even though the content of most elements was comparable among both Shilajits, nutrients, and toxins, in general, were accentuated more in Indian Shilajit with the sole detection of Hg and Ti. The elemental quantification was done using self-developed calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) method, and LIBS results are in well agreement with the concentrations determined by standard ICP-OES/MS method. To verify our results by LIBS and ICP-OES/MS techniques, EDX spectroscopy was also conducted which confirmed the presence above mentioned elements. This work is highly significant for creating awareness among people suffering due to overdose of this product and save many human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Aldakheel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Gondal
- Laser Research Group, Physics Department, IRC-Hydrogen & Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan N Alsayed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Nasr
- Physics Department, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box 321815, Riyadh, 11343, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Shemsi
- Center for Environment and Marine Study, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Rutkowska M, Falandysz J, Saba M, Szefer P, Misztal-Szkudlińska M, Konieczka P. A method for the analysis of methylmercury and total Hg in fungal matrices. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5261-5272. [PMID: 35779096 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop an efficient method for the determination of monomethyl-mercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) content in materials such as fungal sporocarps and sclerotia. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) with the assigned values of MeHg and THg as well as the control materials (dried mushrooms) with known content of THg were evaluated for method validation. Recovery of MeHg from reference materials was at the following levels: from tuna fish at 87.0 ± 2.3% (THg at 101.9 ± 1.2%), from fish protein at 99.4 ± 1.3% (THg at 92.70 ± 0.41%), and from dogfish liver at 96.45 ± 0.73%. Recovery of THg from the fungal control material CS-M-5 was at 104.01 ± 0.60% (contribution of MeHg in THg content was at 6.2%), from CS-M-4 at 101.1 ± 2.0% (contribution at 3.2%), from CS-M-3 at 100.55 ± 0.67% (contribution at 0.6%), and from CS-M-2 at 101.5 ± 2.7% (contribution at 3.7%). The content of MeHg in randomly selected wild fungi and their morphological parts was in the range from 0.006 to 0.173 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw). In the case of THg, the concentration values were in the range from 0.0108 to 10.27 mg kg-1 dw. The MeHg content in the control materials with the assigned THg values was determined. Since the control materials play an important role in all elements of the quality assurance system of measurement results, they can be used to analyse MeHg as the first control material for fungi. KEY POINTS: • An extraction procedure for MeHg analysis in fungi was developed and optimized. • Recovery of MeHg from the certified reference non-fungal materials was > 87%. • Fungal control materials with assigned THg concentration can serve also for MeHg analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Lódź, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Główny Inspektorat Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych, Laboratorium Specjalistyczne w Gdyni, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 8/12, Gdynia, 81-378, Poland
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Song Y, Guo F, Zeng P, Liu J, Wang Y, Cheng H. Simultaneous measurements of Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb species in ng L−1 levels by interfacing high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1212:339935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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29
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Synthesis of Cross-Linked Pyrazine-Based Polymers for Selective Removal of Mercury(II) Ions from Wastewater Solutions. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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30
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Wang Y, Zhu A, Fang Y, Fan C, Guo Y, Tan Z, Yin Y, Cai Y, Jiang G. Dithizone-functionalized C 18 online solid-phase extraction-HPLC-ICP-MS for speciation of ultra-trace organic and inorganic mercury in cereals and environmental samples. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:403-410. [PMID: 34969468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient dithizone-functionalized solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure, online coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was developed for the first time for enrichment and determination of ultra-trace mercury (Hg) species (inorganic divalent Hg (Hg(II)), methylmercury (CH3Hg(II)) and ethylmercury (C2H5Hg(II)) in cereals and environmental samples. In the proposed method, functionalization of the commercial C18 column with dithizone, enrichment, and elution of the above Hg species can be completed online with the developed SPE device. A simple solution of 2-mercaptoethanol (1% (V/V)) could be used as an eluent for both the SPE and HPLC separation of Hg species, significantly simplifying the method and instrumentation. The online SPE method was optimized by varying dithizone dose, 2-mercaptoethanol concentration, and sample volume. In addition, the effect of pH, coexisting interfering ions, and salt effect on the enrichment was also discussed. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of Hg species for 5 mL water sample were 0.15 ng/L for Hg(II), 0.07 ng/L for CH3Hg(II), and 0.04 ng/L for C2H5Hg(II) with recoveries in the range of 85%-100%. The developed dithizone-functionalized C18 SPE column can be reused after a single functionalization, which significantly simplifies the enrichment step. Moreover, the stability of Hg species enriched on the SPE column demonstrated its suitability for field sampling of Hg species for later laboratory analysis. This environment-friendly method offers a robust tool to detect ultra-trace Hg species in cereals and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Zhu
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingying Fang
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjun Fan
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center, Shimadzu (China) Co. LTD, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Shimadzu China Innovation Center, Shimadzu (China) Co. LTD, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Yong Cai
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effect, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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The Legacy of Mercury Contamination from a Past Leather Manufacturer and Health Risk Assessment in an Urban Area (Pisa Municipality, Italy). SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An abandoned open green space in the urban setting of the Municipality of Pisa (Tuscany, Italy) has been designed for renewal to foster the development of recreational activities and improve the lives of the surrounding communities. However, the geochemical site characterization revealed Pb, Cu, Zn and Hg concentrations in the soil exceeding the thresholds imposed by Italian regulations for residential use. Pb, Cu and Zn contents likely reflect the effects of urban vehicle traffic, while Hg contamination represents the legacy of a past artisanal tannery that used Hg(II)-chloride in leather processing in the mid-1900s. Mercury is widely distributed in the area, with the highest concentration in the uppermost soil layer, and reaching about 170 mg/kg in the common dandelion rhizosphere. Chemical extractions and thermal desorption experiments have indicated that most Hg is in the elemental free and matrix-bound fraction, with a possible minor amount (less than 4 wt%) of HgS and negligible methylated forms (0.1 wt%). The data suggest that soil processes could reduce Hg2+ to volatile Hg0. Mercury in groundwater, hosted in a shallow aquitard in the area, was below 0.2 µg/L. However, the presence of chloride in groundwater might result in the formation of Hg stable aqueous complexes, increasing Hg release from solids. Future water quality monitoring is hence recommended. The risk assessment highlighted that mercury in soil carries a risk of non-cancerous effects, in particular for children, posing the basis for management planning.
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Curcumin Is an Iconic Ligand for Detecting Environmental Pollutants. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9248988. [PMID: 35388298 PMCID: PMC8977348 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9248988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in industrial revolution and the consequent environmental contamination demands continuous monitoring and sensitive detection of the pollutants. Nanomaterial-based sensing system has proved to be proficient in sensing environmental pollutants. The development of novel ligands for enhancing the sensing efficiency of nanomaterials has always been a challenge. However, the amendment of nanostructure with molecular ligand increases the sensitivity, selectivity, and analytical performance of the resulting novel sensing platform. Organic ligands are capable of increasing the adsorption efficacy, optical properties, and electrochemical properties of nanomaterials by reducing or splitting of band gap. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a natural organic ligand that exhibits inherent fluorescence and electrocatalytic property. Due to keto-enol tautomerism, it is capable of giving sensitive signals such as fluorescence, luminescence, ultraviolet absorption shifts, and electrochemical data. Curcumin probes were also reported to give enhanced meterological performances, such as low detection limit, repeatability, reproducibility, high selectivity, and high storage stability when used with nanosystem. Therefore, research on curcumin-modified nanomaterials in the detection of environmental pollution needs a special focus for prototype and product development to enable practical use. Hence, this article reviews the role of curcumin as a natural fluorophore in optical and electrochemical sensing of environmentally significant pollutants. This review clearly shows that curcumin is an ideal candidate for developing and validating nanomaterials-based sensors for the detection of environmental pollutants such as arsenic, lead, mercury, boron, cyanide, fluoride, nitrophenol, trinitrotoluene, and picric acid and toxic gases such as ammonia and hydrogen chloride. This review will afford references for future studies and enable researchers to translate the lab concepts into industrial products.
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Liu C, Long L, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Sun R. The mechanisms of iron modified montmorillonite in controlling mercury release across mercury-contaminated soil-air interface in greenhouse. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152432. [PMID: 34942243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Montmorillonite was modified with iron (Fe-MMT) for controlling mercury release across mercury-contaminated soil-air interface in greenhouse. With addition of Fe-MMT, although the root Hg contents in Brassica Pekinensis increased, the edible part (leaf) Hg concentrations decreased significantly, even achieved the Tolerance Limit of Mercury in Foods. The decrease of leaf Hg concentrations was attributed to the lower atmospheric Hg concentrations, which is caused by the lower soil Hg0 release fluxes. Besides the Fe-MMT can direct adsorb soil Hg0, it can also immobilize ionic Hg and decrease soil Hg reactivity via surface adsorption, chemical complexation, and situ co-precipitation. Then the contents of leachable Hg and the percentages of bioavailable speciation in soil were reduced, resulting in the soil Hg0 generation was inhibited and soil Hg0 release fluxes declined. Applying Fe-MMT to soil enhanced the diversity indexes of Streptomyces, which could promote the oxidation of soil Hg0 to Hg2+; subsequently, the soil Hg0 release fluxes decreased. After amending with Fe-MMT, the root Hg contents in Brassica Pekinensis increased because both the soil Hg and microorganisms loaded Hg could be adsorbed by iron oxides and retained on the root surface. This work can provide research basis for Fe-MMT application in Hg-contaminated soil in greenhouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoshu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liuyan Long
- School of Chemistry and Material, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Engineering Technology Center for Control and Remediation of Soil Contamination, Anshun University, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Material, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongguo Sun
- School of Chemistry and Material, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Wang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Hou J, Cai L, Fan G. Indirect Competitive ELISA for the Determination of Total Chromium Content in Food, Feed and Environmental Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051585. [PMID: 35268684 PMCID: PMC8911876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with high immunoreactivity, sensitivity, and specificity for the chelate (Cr(III)-EDTA) of trivalent chromium ion (Cr(III)) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Further, the study established an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for detecting the total chromium content in food, feed, and environmental samples. Methods: Hapten Cr(III)-iEDTA was synthesized by chelating Cr(III) with isothiocyanatebenzyl-EDTA (iEDTA). Immunogen Cr(III)-iEDTA-BSA formed by chelating Cr(III)-iEDTA with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and coating antigen Cr(III)-iEDTA-OVA formed by chelating Cr(III)-iEDTA with ovalbumin (OVA) were prepared using the isothiocyanate method and identified by ultraviolet spectra (UV) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Balb/c mice were immunized with the Cr(III)-iEDTA-BSA, and the anti Cr(III)-EDTA mAb cell lines were screened by cell fusion. The Cr(III)-EDTA mAbs were prepared by induced ascites in vivo, and their immunological characteristics were assessed. Results: The immunogen Cr(III)-iEDTA-BSA was successfully synthesized, and the molecular binding ratio of Cr(III) to BSA was 15.48:1. Three hybridoma cell lines 2A3, 2A11, and 3D9 were screened, among which 2A3 was the best cell line. The 2A3 secreted antibody was stable after six passages, the affinity constant (Ka) was 2.69 × 109 L/mol, its 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of Cr(III)-EDTA was 8.64 μg/L, and it had no cross-reactivity (CR%) with other heavy metal ion chelates except for a slight CR with Fe(III)-EDTA (1.12%). An icELISA detection method for Cr(III)-EDTA was established, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 μg/L and a working range of 1.13 to 66.30 μg/L. The average spiked recovery intra-assay rates were 90% to 109.5%, while the average recovery inter-assay rates were 90.4% to 97.2%. The intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variations (CVs) were 11.5% to 12.6% and 11.1% to 12.7%, respectively. The preliminary application of the icELISA and the comparison with ICP-OES showed that the coincidence rate of the two methods was 100%, and the correlation coefficient was 0.987. Conclusions: The study successfully established an icELISA method that meets the requirements for detecting the Cr(III)-EDTA chelate content in food, feed, and environmental samples, based on Cr(III)-EDTA mAb, and carried out its preliminary practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Xinxiang 453700, China; (X.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Xinxiang Institute of Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Xinxiang 453700, China; (X.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Jie Hou
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Linlin Cai
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Guoying Fan
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China; (Y.W.); (J.H.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-3736-8615
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Kumar SS, Kumar SR, Vetriarasu V, Bhaskar R, Somkuwar P, Joseph S, Mohurle S, Ashok Kumar SK. Smartphone‐Assisted Quinoline‐Based Chromogenic Probe for the Selective Detection of Hg
2+
in Protic Media. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saravana S. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Selva R. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai - 602105 Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Vetriarasu
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Bhaskar
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Pranati Somkuwar
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suman Joseph
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Shital Mohurle
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. K. Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu India
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Spanu D, Butti L, Boldrocchi G, Bettinetti R, Recchia S, Monticelli D. Selective organomercury determination by ICP-MS made easy. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Preconcentration and speciation analysis of mercury: 3D printed metal scavenger-based solid-phase extraction followed by analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 240:123163. [PMID: 34972065 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A selective method for preconcentration and determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg) in natural water samples at the ng L-1 level has been developed. The method involves adsorption of Hg species into a 3D printed metal scavenger and sequential elution with acidic thiourea solutions before ICP-MS determination. Experimental parameters affecting the preconcentration of MeHg and iHg such as the sample matrix, effect of the flow rate on adsorption, eluent composition, and elution mode have been studied in detail. The obtained method detection limits, considering the preconcentration factors of 42 and 93, were found to be 0.05 ng L-1 and 0.08 ng L-1 for MeHg and iHg, respectively. The accuracy of the method was assessed with a certified groundwater reference material ERM-CA615 (certified total iHg concentration 37 ± 4 ng L-1). The determined MeHg concentration was below MDL while iHg concentration was determined to be 41.2 ± 0.5 ng L-1. Both MeHg and iHg were also spiked to natural water samples at 5 ng L-1 concentration and favorable spiking recoveries of 88-97% were obtained. The speciation procedure was successfully applied to two lake water samples where MeHg and iHg concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 0.24 ng L-1 and 0.50-0.62 ng L-1, respectively. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed 3D printed metal scavenger-based method for preconcentration and speciation of Hg is simple and sensitive for the determination of Hg species at an ultra-trace level in water samples.
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Lopreside A, Montali L, Wang B, Tassoni A, Ferri M, Calabretta MM, Michelini E. Orthogonal paper biosensor for mercury(II) combining bioluminescence and colorimetric smartphone detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113569. [PMID: 34438340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mercury contamination in the environment has reached alarming levels. Due to its persistence and bioaccumulation, mercury is one of the most widespread toxic heavy metals found in air, water and food. Thus, it is mandatory to monitor mercury and its compounds, and the availability of sensitive and rapid biosensors is highly valuable. We developed a low-cost biosensor for orthogonal detection of mercury(II) integrating three different biorecognition principles on a three-leaf paper: i) a mercury-specific bioluminescent Escherichia coli bioreporter strain expressing NanoLuc luciferase as reporter protein, ii) a purified β-galactosidase (β-gal) enzyme which is irreversibly inhibited by mercury and other metal ions, and iii) an Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescent strain which is used to quantitatively assess sample toxicity and correct the analytical signal accordingly. Both sensory elements and substrates, Furimazine for the bioluminescent reporter strain and chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside for colorimetric detection of β-gal, were integrated in the paper sensor to provide a stable all-in-one disposable cartridge which can be easily snapped into a smartphone with a clover-shaped 3D printed housing. This is the first integration of bioluminescence and colorimetric detection on a smartphone-paper sensor, providing a readout within 15 and 60 min for the colorimetric and bioluminescent detection respectively. The biosensor was applied to water samples spiked with different concentrations of mercury, interferents and toxic chemicals providing a limit of detection for Hg(II) at the ppb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lopreside
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Montali
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Baojun Wang
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Hangzhou Innovation Center, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Annalisa Tassoni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maura Ferri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Civil, Chemical Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Design of an Integrated Microfluidic Paper-Based Chip and Inspection Machine for the Detection of Mercury in Food with Silver Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120491. [PMID: 34940248 PMCID: PMC8699263 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For most of the fast screening test papers for detecting Hg2+, the obtained results are qualitative. This study developed an operation for the μPAD and combined it with the chemical colorimetric method. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) colloids were adopted as the reactive color reagent to combine and react with the Hg standards on the paper-based chip. Then, the RGB values for the color change were used to establish the standard curve (R2 > 0.99). Subsequently, this detection system was employed for the detection tests of actual samples, and the detected RGB values of the samples were substituted back to the formula to calculate the Hg2+ contents in the food. In this study, the Hg2+ content and recovery rate in commercially available packaged water and edible salts were measured. The research results indicate that a swift, economical, and simple detection method for Hg2+ content in food has been successfully developed.
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Muthukumaran M, Waseem Basha Z, Venkatachalam K, Rasheeth A. A New Chemically Modified Carbon Paste Electrode Derived from Aloe Vera Xanthate Nanoparticles to Detect Mercury Ions. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Muthukumaran
- Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai India
| | - Z. Waseem Basha
- P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry The New College (Autonomous) Chennai India
| | - K. Venkatachalam
- Department of Analytical Chemistry University of Madras Guindy Campus Chennai India
| | - A. Rasheeth
- P.G. & Research Department of Chemistry The New College (Autonomous) Chennai India
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Bendicho C, Lavilla I, Pena-Pereira F, de la Calle I, Romero V. Paper-Based Analytical Devices for Colorimetric and Luminescent Detection of Mercury in Waters: An Overview. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7571. [PMID: 34833647 PMCID: PMC8625215 DOI: 10.3390/s21227571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lab-on-paper technologies, also known as paper-based analytical devices (PADs), have received increasing attention in the last years, and nowadays, their use has spread to virtually every application area, i.e., medical diagnostic, food safety, environmental monitoring, etc. Advantages inherent to on-field detection, which include avoiding sampling, sample preparation and conventional instrumentation in central labs, are undoubtedly driving many developments in this area. Heavy metals represent an important group of environmental pollutants that require strict controls due to the threat they pose to ecosystems and human health. In this overview, the development of PADs for Hg monitoring, which is considered the most toxic metal in the environment, is addressed. The main emphasis is placed on recognition elements (i.e., organic chromophores/fluorophores, plasmonic nanoparticles, inorganic quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, metal nanoclusters, etc.) employed to provide suitable selectivity and sensitivity. The performance of both microfluidic paper-based analytical devices and paper-based sensors using signal readout by colorimetry and luminescence will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bendicho
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Campus de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (I.L.); (F.P.-P.); (I.d.l.C.); (V.R.)
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Huang Q, Li Q, Zhang HL, Zhu W, Qu WJ, Lin Q, Yao H, Zhang YM, Wei TB. A novel fluorometric chemosensor based on imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine-2-thione for ultrasensitive detection and separation of Hg2+ in aqueous solution. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized and developed 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenazine-2-thione as a ratiometric chemosensor for Hg2+ recognition in a DMSO/H2O (v/v = 9:1) binary solution. We rationally introduced the phenazine imidazole group as the fluorophore and the thione moiety as the recognition site to bind Hg2+. Interestingly, the chemosensor showed an ultrasensitive response to Hg2+, and the lowest limit of detection was 0.167 nM. In addition, it can also separate Hg2+ from aqueous solutions with excellent ingestion capacity, with an adsorption ratio of up to 96%. Furthermore, ion test strips based on chemosensors were fabricated for convenient and efficient detection of Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750006, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P.R. China
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Petry-Podgórska I, Schrenková V, Migašová M, Matoušek T, Kratzer J. Speciation analysis of mercury employing volatile species generation: Approaches to reliable determination in blood and hair. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Krishnan U, Iyer SK. A Pyrazolo Imine-based Colorimetric and Turn-on Fluorescent Sensor Probe for Determination of Hg 2+ Ion and its Application in Test Paper Strips. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:843-855. [PMID: 34634146 DOI: 10.1111/php.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized diethylamino substituted pyrazolo imine (3) fluorescent probe for recognition of Hg2+ ion.The sensor probe 3 can detect Hg2+ by colorimetric method, and there is a 10-fold enhancement in fluorescence response. When the fluorescent probe bound with Hg2+ ion, turn-on fluorescence was observed via the coordination. Probe 3 has an excellent selectivity toward Hg2+ in the CH3 CN/H2 O (8:2, v/v) solution with low limit of detection and high binding association constant of 551 parts per billion (ppb) and 6.6067 × 106 m-1 for 3+Hg2+ , respectively. Furthermore, the formation of 3+Hg2+ complex with 1:1 binding mode was evidenced by Job's plot, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and Mass analysis. In addition, probe 3 is a feasible option to detect Hg2+ in various sources of water samples. Bio-imaging experiments have demonstrated that probe 3 can be used to monitor Hg2+ in Escherichia coli bacterial cell. The sensor 3 was also used for paper strip application to detect Hg2+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Sánchez-Fortún M, Vinyoles D, López-Carmona S, Carrasco JL, Sanpera C. Effect of different rice farming practices on the bioavailability of mercury: A mesocosm experiment with common goldfish (Carassius auratus). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111486. [PMID: 34129865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands such as rice paddies are important ecosystems that provide habitat for a numerous range of species but are considered as a major source of mercury in the most toxic form of methylmercury. An in situ mesocosm experiment was conducted during the rice cultivation season of 2018 in rice paddies from the Ebro Delta (NE Spain) to investigate the bioaccumulation of mercury in fish. Common goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to three types of rice-fields subject to different agricultural management (conventional or ecological agriculture) and different hydric practices (wet, dry) and were sampled monthly. Total mercury concentration in fish increased over time for almost all the fields under study, but the mercury increase was particularly higher for fish exposed to ecological fields. We conducted δ15N and δ13C measurements to follow up fish diet changes within or among fields. The results have shown there were no variations in the diet of the fish over time within fields, although differences among management practices were observed, which could explain to some extent the THg variation in fish exposed to each of the agricultural practices. Results indicate that wetting and drying rice fields might be a greater source of mercury for fish and a potential hotspot for MeHg production enhanced by physicochemical parameters. Thus, mercury bioaccumulation in fish inhabiting rice paddies depend on several factors what, in turn, could lead to biomagnification across the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisès Sánchez-Fortún
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie López-Carmona
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; UFR Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Josep Lluís Carrasco
- Biostatistics, Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carola Sanpera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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Liao W, Chen Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Tang Q, Chen Z, Liu K. A capillary-based SERS sensor for ultrasensitive and selective detection of Hg 2+ by amalgamation with Au@4-MBA@Ag core-shell nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:354. [PMID: 34570272 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A capillary-based SERS sensor was fabricated for ultrasensitive and selective detection of Hg2+ in water. Au@Ag core-shell NPs embedded with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) (Au@4-MBA@Ag) were prepared by a seed growth method and fixed on the inner wall of the glass capillary to obtain the sensor. Owing to the amalgamation between Ag and Hg, the capillary-based SERS sensor can specifically recognize the reduced Hg2+ without any recognition element, and the resulted Ag/Hg amalgam can weaken the SERS activity of Ag shell; thus, the SERS intensity of the embedded 4-MBA at 1075 cm-1 gradually decreased with the increase of Hg2+ concentration. Under the optimum condition, the fabricated sensor can sensitively determine Hg2+ in water with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.03 nM. The capillary-based SERS sensor offers the advantages of simple preparation, superior stability, and high selectivity, which is promising for rapid and on-site detection of Hg2+ in water combined with a portable Raman device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Liao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Yangjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Youting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Quan Tang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineer, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China
| | - Zhenming Chen
- College of Material and Chemical Engineer, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hezhou University, Hezhou, 542899, China
| | - Kunping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
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Fu LM, Hsu JH, Shih MK, Hsieh CW, Ju WJ, Chen YW, Lee BH, Hou CY. Process Optimization of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis and Its Application in Mercury Detection. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1123. [PMID: 34577766 PMCID: PMC8467733 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have stable reactivity and excellent optical absorption properties. They can be applied in various industries, such as environmental protection, biochemical engineering, and analyte monitoring. However, synthesizing AgNPs and determining their appropriate dosage as a coloring substance are difficult tasks. In this study, to optimize the process of AgNP synthesis and obtain a simple detection method for trace mercury in the environment, we evaluate several factors-including the reagent addition sequence, reaction temperature, reaction time, the pH of the solution, and reagent concentration-considering the color intensity and purity of AgNPs as the reaction optimization criteria. The optimal process for AgNP synthesis is as follows: Mix 10 mM of silver nitrate with trisodium citrate in a hot water bath for 10 min; then, add 10 mM of sodium borohydride to produce the AgNPs and keep stirring for 2 h; finally, adjust the pH to 12 to obtain the most stable products. For AgNP-based mercury detection, the calibration curve of mercury over the concentration range of 0.1-2 ppb exhibits good linearity (R2 > 0.99). This study provides a stable and excellent AgNP synthesis technique that can improve various applications involving AgNP-mediated reactions and has the potential to be developed as an alternative to using expensive detection equipment and to be applied for the detection of mercury in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Ming Fu
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.F.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Jia-Hong Hsu
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jhong Ju
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (L.-M.F.); (W.-J.J.)
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan;
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Horticulture, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
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Zhao Q, Wang J, OuYang S, Chen L, Liu M, Li Y, Jiang F. The exacerbation of mercury methylation by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA in a freshwater algae-bacteria symbiotic system throughout the lifetime of algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125691. [PMID: 33773254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mine-polluted wastewater with mercury (Hg) poses severe environmental pollution since Hg(II) can be converted to highly neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) under anaerobic conditions. Previous studies on Hg methylation have focused on aquatic sediments, but few have investigated the MeHg formation in water layers containing algae. In this study, we investigated the dynamic effect of algae on Hg methylation throughout the lifetime of algae. We found that Chlorella pyrenoidosa was a non-methylating alga and exhibited good tolerance to Hg stress (1-20 μg/L); thus Hg(II) could not inhibit the process of eutrophication. However, the presence of C. pyrenoidosa significantly enhanced the Hg methylation by Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA. Compared to the control sample without algae, the MeHg production rate of algae-bacteria samples remarkably exacerbated by 62.3-188.3% with the algal growth period at cell densities of 1.5 × 106-25 × 106 cells/mL. The increase of algal organic matter and thiols with the algal growth period resulted in the exacerbation of MeHg production. The Hg methylation was also enhanced with the presence of dead algae, of which the enhancement was ~62.4% lower than that with the presence of live algae. Accordingly, the potential mechanism of Hg methylation in a freshwater algae-bacteria symbiotic system throughout the algal lifetime was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Zhao
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinting Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shenyu OuYang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Laiguo Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Sciuto EL, Corso D, Libertino S, van der Meer JR, Faro G, Coniglio MA. A Miniaturized Microbe-Silicon-Chip Based on Bioluminescent Engineered Escherichia coli for the Evaluation of Water Quality and Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147580. [PMID: 34300030 PMCID: PMC8304097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Conventional high throughput methods assaying the chemical state of water and the risk of heavy metal accumulation share common constraints of long and expensive analytical procedures and dedicated laboratories due to the typical bulky instrumentation. To overcome these limitations, a miniaturized optical system for the detection and quantification of inorganic mercury (Hg2+) in water was developed. Combining the bioactivity of a light-emitting mercury-specific engineered Escherichia coli—used as sensing element—with the optical performance of small size and inexpensive Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM)—used as detector—the system is able to detect mercury in low volumes of water down to the concentration of 1 µg L−1, which is the tolerance value indicated by the World Health Organization (WHO), providing a highly sensitive and miniaturized tool for in situ water quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Luigi Sciuto
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Domenico Corso
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.L.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Sebania Libertino
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.L.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Jan Roelof van der Meer
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Bâtiment Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Giuseppina Faro
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Via S. Maria La Grande 5, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Anna Coniglio
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IMM), Ottava Strada 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
- Regional Reference Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis, Catania, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (S.L.); (M.A.C.)
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Xie R, Qu Y, Tang M, Zhao J, Chua S, Li T, Zhang F, E H Wheatley A, Chai F. Carbon dots-magnetic nanocomposites for the detection and removal of Hg 2. Food Chem 2021; 364:130366. [PMID: 34175618 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The dual functional detection and removal of heavy ion metals by carbon dots has become an urgent matter of concern. Here, a unique fluorescent carbon dot-magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/CDs) was prepared by hydrothermal methods for sensitive detection of Hg2+. The Fe3O4/CDs serve as fluorescent probes with higher selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+, with the lowest detectable limit of 0.3 nM. Hg2+ statically quenched the blue emission of Fe3O4/CDs, which can be restored in the presence of saturated EDTA solution. The utilization of Fe3O4/CDs was fulfilled by recovering their emission conveniently. The recovery of Hg2+ in Chagan Lake water, tap water and drinks was calculated at 96.5 ~ 108.8%, which demonstrates the feasibility of the Fe3O4/CDs sensing system in natural samples. Notably, the Fe3O4/CDs can drive the effective removal of Hg2+ from samples, which is of outstanding significance as a promising probe in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province; Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Yaoyao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province; Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province; Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jingqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province; Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Sophie Chua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province; Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Beibu Gulf Institute of Marine Advanced Materials, Beihai, 536015, China.
| | - Andrew E H Wheatley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Fang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials, Heilongjiang Province; Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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