1
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Hatta M, Ruzicka J, Measures C, Davis M. Autocalibration based on dilution of a single concentrated standard is used for the determination of silicate in sea water by the modified molybdenum blue method. Talanta 2024; 276:126183. [PMID: 38754184 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The silicate (Si) molybdenum blue method was modified by combining oxalate and ascorbic acid into a single reagent and was used for determining Si in sea water samples. The first step of this automated assay protocol was designed to perform either a calibration by a single Si standard prepared in deionized (DI) water, or to dilute samples in the range of 0-160 μM Si to fit into 0-20 μM Si calibration range using a 20 cm flow cell. By designing the assay protocol to function in batch mode, the influence of salinity on calibration was eliminated, thus making the method suitable for analysis of samples collected in the open ocean, coastal areas, or rivers. Reproducibility and accuracy of this method were evaluated by analysis of certified sea water reference materials. Phosphate (P) does not interfere significantly if the Si:P ratio is 4:1 or larger. The limit of detection was 514 nM Si, r.s.d. 2.1 %, sampling frequency 40 s/h, reagent consumption 700 μL/sample, and using deionized water as the carrier solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatta
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, 237-0061, Japan; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - J Ruzicka
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - C Measures
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - M Davis
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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2
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Abdullah NS, Hassan MA, Hassan RO. A Novel Flow Injection Method with Chemiluminescence Detection for the Determination of Carmoisine in Gelatin Desserts. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03777-8. [PMID: 38780834 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Carmoisine dye, a red azo food colorant commonly utilized to impart a red color to synthetic food products, is the subject of this study. Here, we present a novel reversed flow injection analysis with a chemiluminescence detection (FIA-CL) method employing a newly developed homemade flow cell to determine carmoisine dye. This developed method is based on the inhibition effect of the dye on the chemiluminescence light (CL) emission generated from a luminal-hypochlorite system, whereby the reduction in CL intensity correlates directly with the concentration of carmoisine dye. Investigations into various analytical parameters were conducted to enhance method efficiency and applicability. A linear calibration graph of 4.0 to 100.0 µg mL-1 was established (R² = 0.9993), with a detection limit of LOD = 2.93 µg mL-1. Subsequent application of the proposed method to analyze gelatine dessert samples yielded results in reasonable agreement with those obtained using the reported HPLC method, as evidenced by student t-test and F-test analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmin S Abdullah
- Chemistry Department- Science College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Media A Hassan
- Chemistry Department- Science College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Rebwar O Hassan
- Chemistry Department- Science College, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
- Department of Radiological Imaging Technology, College of Health Technology Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
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3
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Motahari S, Morgan S, Hendricks A, Sonnichsen C, Sieben V. Continuous Flow with Reagent Injection on an Inlaid Microfluidic Platform Applied to Nitrite Determination. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:519. [PMID: 38675330 PMCID: PMC11052183 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
A continuous flow with reagent injection method on a novel inlaid microfluidic platform for nitrite determination has been successfully developed. The significance of the high-frequency monitoring of nutrient fluctuations in marine environments is crucial for understanding our impacts on the ecosystem. Many in-situ systems face limitations in high-frequency data collection and have restricted deployment times due to high reagent consumption. The proposed microfluidic device employs automatic colorimetric absorbance spectrophotometry, using the Griess assay for nitrite determination, with minimal reagent usage. The sensor incorporates 10 solenoid valves, four syringes, two LEDs, four photodiodes, and an inlaid microfluidic technique to facilitate optical measurements of fluid volumes. In this flow system, Taylor-Aris dispersion was simulated for different injection volumes at a constant flow rate, and the results have been experimentally confirmed using red food dye injection into a carrier stream. A series of tests were conducted to determine a suitable injection frequency for the reagent. Following the initial system characterization, seven different standard concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 10 µM nitrite were run through the microfluidic device to acquire a calibration curve. Three different calibrations were performed to optimize plug length, with reagent injection volumes of 4, 20, and 50 µL. A straightforward signal processing method was implemented to mitigate the Schlieren effect caused by differences in refractive indexes between the reagent and standards. The results demonstrate that a sampling frequency of at least 10 samples per hour is achievable using this system. The obtained attenuation coefficients exhibited good agreement with the literature, while the reagent consumption was significantly reduced. The limit of detection for a 20 µL injection volume was determined to be 94 nM from the sample intake, and the limit of quantification was 312 nM. Going forward, the demonstrated system will be packaged in a submersible enclosure to facilitate in-situ colorimetric measurements in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Motahari
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Sean Morgan
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Andre Hendricks
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Colin Sonnichsen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
| | - Vincent Sieben
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (S.M.); (A.H.); (C.S.)
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4
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Cinti S, Singh S, Covone G, Tonietti L, Ricciardelli A, Cordone A, Iacono R, Mazzoli A, Moracci M, Rotundi A, Giovannelli D. Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215529. [PMID: 37664111 PMCID: PMC10470837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The space race is entering a new era of exploration, in which the number of robotic and human missions to various places in our solar system is rapidly increasing. Despite the recent advances in propulsion and life support technologies, there is a growing need to perform analytical measurements and laboratory experiments across diverse domains of science, while keeping low payload requirements. In this context, lab-on-a-chip nanobiosensors appear to be an emerging technology capable of revolutionizing space exploration, given their low footprint, high accuracy, and low payload requirements. To date, only some approaches for monitoring astronaut health in spacecraft environments have been reported. Although non-invasive molecular diagnostics, like lab-on-a-chip technology, are expected to improve the quality of long-term space missions, their application to monitor microbiological and environmental variables is rarely reported, even for analogous extreme environments on Earth. The possibility of evaluating the occurrence of unknown or unexpected species, identifying redox gradients relevant to microbial metabolism, or testing for specific possible biosignatures, will play a key role in the future of space microbiology. In this review, we will examine the current and potential roles of lab-on-a-chip technology in space exploration and in extreme environment investigation, reporting what has been tested so far, and clarifying the direction toward which the newly developed technologies of portable lab-on-a-chip sensors are heading for exploration in extreme environments and in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Bioelectronics Task Force at University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Covone
- Department of Physics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Tonietti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angelina Cordone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacono
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Moracci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rotundi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
- INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologie Spaziali, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Giovannelli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- National Research Council–Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies–CNR-IRBIM, Ancona, Italy
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
- Department of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Li P, Li S, Yuan D, Lin K. Real-time underway measurement of ammonium in coastal and estuarine waters using an automated flow analyzer with hollow fiber membrane contactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163281. [PMID: 37023803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is an important parameter for aquatic ecosystems. To date, continuous and underway acquisition of NH4+ in coastal and estuarine waters has been challenged by the strongly varying salinity and complex matrices in these waters. To address these issues, a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) was constructed and incorporated in flow injection analysis (FIA) to achieve online separation/preconcentration of NH4+ in water. In the FIA-HFMC system, NH4+ in the water sample was converted into NH3 under alkaline conditions in the donor channel. The generated NH3 diffused across the membrane and was absorbed in an acid solution in the acceptor channel. The resultant NH4+ in the acceptor was then quantified based on a modified indophenol blue (IPB) method. Parameters affecting the performance of the FIA-HFMC-IPB system were evaluated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed system exhibited a limit of detection of 0.11 μmol L-1, with relative standard deviations of 1.0-1.9 % (n = 7), and a good linear response (R2 = 0.9989) for the calibration in the field with NH4+ standards in the range of 0.40-80 μmol L-1. The proposed system was applied to a shipboard underway measurement of NH4+ in a two-day cruise in the Jiulong River Estuary-Xiamen Bay, China. A good agreement was observed between measurements from the proposed system and those from manual sampling and laboratory analysis. Both laboratory and field results demonstrated that the system was free of salinity effect and interference from organic nitrogen compounds. The system also showed excellent stability and reliability during a 16-day observation. This work suggests that the proposed FIA-HFMC-IPB system is applicable for the underway measurement of NH4+ in water, especially for estuarine and coastal waters with varying salinity and complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kunde Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Shichijo M, Okamoto K, Takahashi T, Nomura M, Ohira SI, Mizuguchi H, Tanaka H, Takeuchi M. Feedback standard addition method coupled flow injection analysis –Validation by spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in seawater. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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7
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García-Moll L, Sixto A, Carrasco-Correa EJ, Miró M. 3D-printed chemiluminescence flow cells with customized cross-section geometry for enhanced analytical performance. Talanta 2023; 255:124211. [PMID: 36634426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Low force stereolithography is exploited for the first time for one-step facile fabrication of chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through cells that bear unrivalled features as compared to those available through milling or blowing procedures or alternative 3D printing technologies. A variety of bespoke cross-section geometries with polyhedral features (namely, triangular, square, and five-side polygon) as well as semicircular cross-section are herein critically evaluated in terms of analytical performance against the standardcircular cross-section in a flat spirally-shape format. The idea behind is to maximize capture of elicited light by the new designs while leveraging 3D printing further for fabrication of (i) customized gaskets that enable reliable attaching of the active mixing zone of the CL cell to the detection window, (ii) in-line 3D-printed serpentine reactors, and (iii) flow confluences with tailorable shapes for enhancing mixing of samples with CL reagents. Up to twenty transparent functional cells were simultaneously fabricated without inner supports following post-curing and surface treatment protocols lasting less than 5 h. In fact, previous attempts to print spirally-shaped cells in one-step by resorting to less cost effective photopolymer inkjet printing technologies were unsuccessful because of the requirement of lengthy procedures (>15 days) for quantitative removal of the support material. By exploiting the phthalazinedione-hydrogen peroxide chemistry as a model reaction, the five-side irregular pentagon cell exhibited superior analytical figures of merit in terms of LOD, dynamic range and intermediate precision as compared to alternative designs. Computational fluid dynamic simulations for mapping velocities at the entry region of the spiral cell corroborated the fact that the 5-side polygon cross-section flow-cell with Y-type confluence permitted the most efficient mixing of reagents and sample while enabling larger flow velocities near the inlet that contribute to a more efficient capture of the photons from the flash-type reaction. The applicability of the 3D-printed 5-side polygon CL cell for automatic determination of hydrogen peroxide using a computerized hybrid flow system was demonstrated for the analysis of high matrix samples, viz., seawater and saliva, with relative recoveries ranging from 83 to 103%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llucia García-Moll
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alexandra Sixto
- Cátedra de Química Analítica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Av. Gral. Flores 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- CLECEM Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/ Doctor Moliner, 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Hatta M, Ruzicka J, Measures C, Davis M. Automated calibration by a single standard solution prepared in deionized water by flow programming eliminates the schlieren and salinity effects and is applied to the determination of phosphate in sea water of different salinities. Talanta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Li H, Fang T, Tan QG, Ma J. Development of a versatile smartphone-based environmental analyzer (vSEA) and its application in on-site nutrient detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156197. [PMID: 35623512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The citizen-science-based environmental survey can benefit from the smartphone technology used in chemical and biological sensing of a wide range of analytes. Quantification by smartphone-based colorimetric assays is being increasingly reported, however, most of the quantification uses empirical formula or complex exhaustive methods. In this study, a versatile and robust algorithm is proposed to overcome these limitations. A model is established to simulate and analyze the conversion process from the camera's spectral information into RGB (Red, Green, Blue) color information. Moreover, the feasibility of the algorithm for the quantification of different analytes is also explored. Based on this algorithm, a versatile smartphone-based environmental analyzer (vSEA) is built and its reliability, versatility, and analytical performance are comprehensively optimized. The good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9954) and precision (relative standard deviations < 5.3%) indicates that the vSEA is accurate enough to quantify the nutrients in most natural waters. Furthermore, the vSEA is used for the field measurement of five important nutrients, and the results show no significant difference compared to conventional methods. The vSEA offers a simpler and easier method for the on-site measurement of nutrients in natural water bodies, which can aid in the emergency monitoring of aqueous ecosystems and the performance of citizen-science-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Guo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.
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Fang T, Bo G, Zhang Z, Ma J. Real-Time Underway Mapping of Nutrient Concentrations of Surface Seawater Using an Autonomous Flow Analyzer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11307-11314. [PMID: 35917455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency field nutrient analyzers offer a promising technology to solve time-consuming and laborious sampling problems in dynamic and complex river-estuarine-coastal ecosystems. However, few studies on the simultaneous underway analysis of five key nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and silicate) in seawaters are available because of the limitations of the technique. In this study, a state-of-the-art autonomous portable analyzer for the shipboard analysis of nutrients in the environment of varied salinities and concentration ranges was reported. The analyzer consisted of compact hardware that was well suited for shipboard deployment with minimal maintenance. Moreover, a novel LabVIEW-based software program was developed, containing additional functions such as automated calibration curve generation, autodilution of high-concentration samples, and a user-friendly interface for multiparameter analysis using a single instrument. After the optimization of chemical reactions and work flow chart, the analyzer exhibited low limits of detection, a large linear range with automated dilution, and relative standard deviations of less than 2% (n = 11). Compared to other flow-based techniques, this analyzer is more portable and consumes less reagent with an autonomous data processing function and applicability within a broad salinity range (0-35). The analyzer was successfully applied for real-time analysis in the Jiulong River Estuary-Xiamen Bay with excellent on-site accuracy and applicability. The relationship between high spatial resolution nutrient concentrations and salinities showed very different patterns in estuarine and coastal areas, indicating the benefit of using an underway automated analyzer for chemical mapping in a dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China.,National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
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A shipboard method for catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace Cu(II) concentrations in seawater using reverse flow injection analysis coupled with a long path length liquid waveguide capillary cell. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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An automated analyzer for the simultaneous determination of silicate and phosphate in seawater. Talanta 2022; 248:123629. [PMID: 35660993 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and automated determination methods for silicate and phosphate are in high demand to improve understanding of biogeochemistry and ecology in dynamic and complex estuarine-coastal ecosystems. Here, a portable automated analyzer is reported for the simultaneous determination of silicate and phosphate in water samples with varying salinity. After comprehensive optimization of the chemical reactions and flow manifold, the system demonstrated limits of detection of 0.09 and 0.05 μmol L-1 for silicate and phosphate, respectively, exhibiting linearity at concentrations up to 400 and 200 μmol L-1 with automated dilution, achieving relative standard deviations (n = 11) of 0.27% (20 μmol L-1 silicate), 0.51% (5 μmol L-1 phosphate) and 0.80% (1 μmol L-1 phosphate). Compared with similar automated flow analyzers, the system exhibited advantages, such as low consumption of reagents (10-20 μL/sample), portability (4.8 kg), rapid start-up (5 min), reliability (automated analysis of quality control sample) and applicability within a broad salinity range (from 0 to 35) allowing analysis of dynamic estuarine and seawater samples. The system was successfully applied to a routine monitoring program by a national marine station and is potentially suitable for installation on different observation platforms for on-line and real-time underway analysis of nutrients in coastal areas.
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Altahan MF, Esposito M, Achterberg EP. Improvement of On-Site Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Phosphate, Silicic Acid, Nitrate plus Nitrite in Seawater. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093479. [PMID: 35591168 PMCID: PMC9104159 DOI: 10.3390/s22093479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate, on-site determinations of macronutrients (phosphate (PO43-), nitrate (NO3-), and silicic acid (H4SiO4)) in seawater in real time are essential to obtain information on their distribution, flux, and role in marine biogeochemical cycles. The development of robust sensors for long-term on-site analysis of macronutrients in seawater is a great challenge. Here, we present improvements of a commercial automated sensor for nutrients (including PO43-, H4SiO4, and NO2- plus NO3-), suitable for a variety of aquatic environments. The sensor uses the phosphomolybdate blue method for PO43-, the silicomolybdate blue method for H4SiO4 and the Griess reagent method for NO2-, modified with vanadium chloride as reducing agent for the determination of NO3-. Here, we report the optimization of analytical conditions, including reaction time for PO43- analysis, complexation time for H4SiO4 analysis, and analyte to reagent ratio for NO3- analysis. The instrument showed wide linear ranges, from 0.2 to 100 μM PO43-, between 0.2 and 100 μM H4SiO4, from 0.5 to 100 μM NO3-, and between 0.4 and 100 μM NO2-, with detection limits of 0.18 μM, 0.15 μM, 0.45 μM, and 0.35 μM for PO43-, H4SiO4, NO3-, and NO2-, respectively. The analyzer showed good precision with a relative standard deviation of 8.9% for PO43-, 4.8% for H4SiO4, and 7.4% for NO2- plus NO3- during routine analysis of certified reference materials (KANSO, Japan). The analyzer performed well in the field during a 46-day deployment on a pontoon in the Kiel Fjord (located in the southwestern Baltic Sea), with a water supply from a depth of 1 m. The system successfully collected 443, 440, and 409 on-site data points for PO43-, Σ(NO3- + NO2-), and H4SiO4, respectively. Time series data agreed well with data obtained from the analysis of discretely collected samples using standard reference laboratory procedures and showed clear correlations with key hydrographic parameters throughout the deployment period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fatehy Altahan
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany;
- Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring, National Water Research Center, El-Qanater El-Khairia 13621, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (M.F.A.); (E.P.A.)
| | - Mario Esposito
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Eric P. Achterberg
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany;
- Correspondence: or (M.F.A.); (E.P.A.)
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Trojanowicz M, Pyszynska M. Flow-Injection Methods in Water Analysis-Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:1410. [PMID: 35209198 PMCID: PMC8879103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread demand for the analysis and control of water quality and supply for human activity and ecosystem sustainability has necessitated the continuous improvement of water analysis methods in terms of their reliability, efficiency, and costs. To satisfy these requirements, flow-injection analysis using different detection methods has successfully been developed in recent decades. This review, based on about 100 original research papers, presents the achievements in this field over the past ten years. Various methodologies for establishing flow-injection measurements are reviewed, together with microfluidics and portable systems. The developed applications mostly concern not only the determination of inorganic analytes but also the speciation analysis of different elements, and the determination of several total indices of water quality. Examples of the determination of organic residues (e.g., pesticides, phenolic compounds, and surfactants) in natural surface waters, seawater, groundwater, and drinking water have also been identified. Usually, changes in the format of manual procedures for flow-injection determination results in the improvement of various operational parameters, such as the limits of detection, the sampling rate, or selectivity in different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Trojanowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 02-195 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Pyszynska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Methods, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 02-195 Warsaw, Poland;
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15
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Zhang M, Smejkal P, Bester N, Robertson J, Atia MA, Townsend AT, Guijt RM, Breadmore MC. Inexpensive Portable Capillary Electrophoresis Instrument for Monitoring Zinc(II) in Remote Areas. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1668:462895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Status and advances in technologies for phosphorus species detection and characterization in natural environment- A comprehensive review. Talanta 2021; 233:122458. [PMID: 34215099 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Poor recovery of phosphorus (P) across natural environment (water, soil, sediment, and biological sources) is causing rapid depletion of phosphate rocks and continuous accumulation of P in natural waters, resulting in deteriorated water quality and aquatic lives. Accurate detection and characterization of various P species using suitable analytical methods provide a comprehensive understanding of the biogeochemical cycle of P and thus help its proper management in the environment. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the analytical methods used for P speciation in natural environment by dividing them into five broad categories (i.e., chemical, biological, molecular, staining microscopy, and sensors) and highlighting the suitability (i.e., targeted species, sample matrix), detection limit, advantages-limitations, and reference studies of all methods under each category. This can be useful in designing studies involving P detection and characterization across environmental matrices by providing insights about a wide range of analytical methods based on the end user application needs of individual studies.
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17
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Wang T, Huang Y, Xu J, Guo W, Yuan D. Development and application of a shipboard method for spectrophotometric determination of nanomolar dissolved sulfide in estuarine surface waters using reverse flow injection analysis coupled with a long path length liquid waveguide capillary cell. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Chen L, Xu J, Wang T, Huang Y, Yuan D, Gong Z. Toward a versatile flow technique: Development and application of reverse flow dual-injection analysis (rFDIA) for determining dissolved iron redox species and soluble reactive phosphorus in seawater. Talanta 2021; 232:122404. [PMID: 34074395 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A versatile flow analyzer that extended the features of reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) was developed in this study and named reverse flow dual-injection analysis (rFDIA). Compared with typical rFIA, the analyzer requires less reagent and is more environmentally friendly, which has two injection valves and two reagent loops for the accurate and successive injection of two reagents. With a 2-m long liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) and a spectrophotometer, the analyzer was applied to underway determination of dissolved iron redox species in estuarine and coastal waters. Detection limits of 0.18 and 0.20 nmol L-1 were achieved for Fe(II) and Fe(II + III), respectively and a linear dynamic range of 0.5-450 nmol L-1 was obtained for both Fe(II) and Fe(II + III). The sample throughput for the simultaneous measurement of Fe(II) and Fe(II + III) was 12 h-1, and each analysis consumed only 8 mL sample, 520 μL ferrozine solution, and 260 μL ascorbic acid solution. The analyzer was also used to measure nanomolar amounts of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in seawater. The detection limit and the linear dynamic range for the SRP assay were 0.5 nmol L-1 and 1.5-850 nmol L-1. For SRP determination, the sample throughput was 20 h-1, and each analysis required 9 mL of sample, 130 μL of mixed reagent solution and 260 μL of ascorbic acid. The analytical results were reproducible, with a relative standard deviation of 1.4% (2.5 nmol L-1, n = 10), 2.1% (2.5 nmol L-1, n = 10), and 2.1% (10 nmol L-1, n = 11) for Fe(II), Fe(II + III), and SRP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhenbin Gong
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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19
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Figueredo F, Girolametti F, Aneggi E, Lekka M, Annibaldi A, Susmel S. Plastic electrode decorated with polyhedral anion tetrabutylammonium octamolybdate [N(C 4H 9) 4] 4 Mo 8O 26 for nM phosphate electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1161:338469. [PMID: 33896553 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphorous (as phosphate (PO43-), is one of the essential nutrients for all living forms, either terrestrial or marine. In oligotrophic seawaters, this macronutrient is limited (10-9 M) and its ratio with other elements (nitrogen or carbon) is denoting the health state of the marine environment; a small variation of its concentration can produce eutrophication. The gold standard method used for PO43- detection is based on colorimetric detection of phosphomolybdate. The colored complex is obtained by mixing water-soluble molybdenum salts (Mo(VI)) and reducing agents in acid media, along with the sample containing PO43-. Moreover, the kinetic of complex formation is slow, about 1 h is generally required for color to develop, exposing the assay to the drawbacks of interferences as those from silica. The detection is preferably performed in a controlled environment (i.e. in a laboratory) because several chemicals and steps of preparations are required as well as the optical instrumentation is not intended for in-field use. Electrochemical sensors offer portability and simplicity making them a practical option for on-site detection applications. To gain an analytical alternative in measuring low quantities of PO43- (10-9 M), and overcome some of the drawbacks of the classical approaches, we optimised a new easy way to produce a plastic electrode decorated with an alkyl Mo-polyoxometalate (Mo8O264-), that is soluble in organic solvents. This tetra-butyl-ammonium octamolybdate powder, [N (C4H9)4]4 Mo8O26, purposely synthetized was identified with FTIR, Raman, MS methods, and the electroactivity and reactivity with PO43- was confirmed in solution with cyclic voltammetry (CV). When the Mo-decorated electrode was in contact with PO43-, an electroactive phosphomolybdate aggregate formed at the electrode surface that was electrochemically detectable with square wave voltammetry (SWV). A remarkably low detection limit of 6.1 nM, to PO43-, as well as good stability and selectivity were obtained also in real samples. In fact, PO43- was measured in saline simulated and real seawater samples at nM concentrations in less than 5 min. The present investigation provides a new alternative to the current standard colorimetric methods to detect low phosphate concentrations, showing the potential to be used for monitoring nutrients in oligotrophic seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Figueredo
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Girolametti
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aneggi
- University of Udine, Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture (DPIA), Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Lekka
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sabina Susmel
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (Di4A), Udine, Italy.
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20
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Hatta M, Ruzicka JJ, Measures CI, Davis M. Programmable flow injection in batch mode: Determination of nutrients in sea water by using a single, salinity independent calibration line, obtained with standards prepared in distilled water. Talanta 2021; 232:122354. [PMID: 34074385 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interference of the Schlieren effect on sea water analysis by spectrophotometry is caused by the flow of solutions of different ionic strengths through a flow cell. A flow injection assay protocol programmed in a flow-batch format removes this interference and allows the use of a calibration line, obtained in deionized water, for determination of analytes in sea water samples of different salinity. This Single Line Calibration (SLC) technique is validated on the most frequently performed nutrient assays. Automated determinations, performed at rates ranging from 20 to 60 samples/hr, covered seawater sample ranges from nM to mM with limits of detection: 12 nM for nitrite, 94 nM for nitrate, 47 nM for phosphate, and 240 nM for silicate. Reproducibility of the determinations was equal to or better than, 3% r.s.d. and day to day calibration was within 10%. The programmable FI, uses about 1/5th volume of reagents compared to continuous flow techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hatta
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research; University of Hawaii, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Jaromir Jarda Ruzicka
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research.
| | - Christopher I Measures
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research.
| | - Madeline Davis
- Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environmental Research.
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21
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Fukuba T, Fujii T. Lab-on-a-chip technology for in situ combined observations in oceanography. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:55-74. [PMID: 33300537 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oceans sustain the global environment and diverse ecosystems through a variety of biogeochemical processes and their complex interactions. In order to understand the dynamism of the local or global marine environments, multimodal combined observations must be carried out in situ. On the other hand, instrumentation of in situ measurement techniques enabling biological and/or biochemical combined observations is challenging in aquatic environments, including the ocean, because biochemical flow analyses require a more complex configuration than physicochemical electrode sensors. Despite this technical hurdle, in situ analyzers have been developed to measure the concentrations of seawater contents such as nutrients, trace metals, and biological components. These technologies have been used for cutting-edge ocean observations to elucidate the biogeochemical properties of water mass with a high spatiotemporal resolution. In this context, the contribution of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology toward the miniaturization and functional integration of in situ analyzers has been gaining momentum. Due to their mountability, in situ LoC technologies provide ideal instrumentation for underwater analyzers, especially for miniaturized underwater observation platforms. Consequently, the appropriate combination of reliable LoC and underwater technologies is essential to realize practical in situ LoC analyzers suitable for underwater environments, including the deep sea. Moreover, the development of fundamental LoC technologies for underwater analyzers, which operate stably in extreme environments, should also contribute to in situ measurements for public or industrial purposes in harsh environments as well as the exploration of the extraterrestrial frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Fukuba
- Institute for Marine-Earth Exploration and Engineering, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
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22
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Lin K, Xu J, Dong X, Huo Y, Yuan D, Lin H, Zhang Y. An automated spectrophotometric method for the direct determination of nitrite and nitrate in seawater: Nitrite removal with sulfamic acid before nitrate reduction using the vanadium reduction method. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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23
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Hatta M, Ruzicka J(J, Measures CI. The performance of a new linear light path flow cell is compared with a liquid core waveguide and the linear cell is used for spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in sea water at nanomolar concentrations. Talanta 2020; 219:121240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Idris AM. Sequential Injection Chromatography with Monolithic Column for Phenothiazines Assay in Human Urine and Pharmaceutical Formulations. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190219143750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methods:
Sequential injection chromatography (SIC) with monolithic column has been
proposed with potential benefits for separation and quantification.
Objective:
To utilize SIC to develop a new assay method for the separation and quantification of some
phenothiazines (promethazine, chlorpromazine and perphenazine) in human urine and synthetic pharmaceutical
formulations.
Methods:
The 32 full-factorial design was adopted to study the effect of mobile phase composition on
separation efficiency, retention time, peak height and baseline. The separation was conducted on a C18
monolithic column (100 × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase composition of phosphate:
acetonitrile:methanol (60:28:12) at pH 4.0. The detection was carried out using a miniaturized
fiber optic spectrometer at 250 nm.
Results:
Satisfactory analytical features, including number of theoretical plates (1809-6232), peak
symmetry (1.0-1.3), recovery (95.5-99.1% in pharmaceutical formulations and 91.6-94.7% in urine),
intra-day precision (0.36-1.60% for pharmaceutical formulation and 2.96-3.67 for urine), inter-day precision
(1.47-2.28% for pharmaceutical formulation), limits of detection (0.23-0.88 μg/ml) and limits of
quantification (0.77-2.90 μg/ml), were obtained.
Conclusion:
The remarkable advantages of the proposed SIC method are the inexpensiveness in terms
of instrumentation and reagent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr M. Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Zhu X, Ma J. Recent advances in the determination of phosphate in environmental water samples: Insights from practical perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Sanvito F, Monticelli D. Fast iron speciation in seawater by catalytic Competitive Ligand Equilibration-Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with tenfold sample size reduction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1113:9-17. [PMID: 32340671 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron speciation analysis in seawater is a fundamental step to understand the cycling of this element in oceanic waters, in view of its central role in regulating primary productivity and its connection to global planetary cycles. At present, analytical procedures are the bottleneck for speciation analysis, in term of both time and sample size requirement. Here we present a novel instrumental configuration for the speciation analysis of iron by the Competitive Ligand Equilibration - Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CLE-CSV) procedure. The new system features a 1 mL microcell and a silver wire pseudoreference enabling a tenfold reduction of the sample volume. 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene was used as the complexing ligand and atmospheric oxygen as the catalytic enhancer because they ensured the best analytical performances in terms of detection capabilities. The side reaction coefficient for the FeDHN complex αFe'DHN was calibrated against EDTA and an average value of 9.25 for logK'Fe'DHN was calculated. The method was successfully validated in UV digested seawater using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), which has known stability constant for iron. The method was lastly applied to six samples from the Ross Sea water column (Antarctica), demonstrating its fit for purpose for the detection of trace amounts of iron ligands in seawater. Thanks to the employed instrumental configuration and the high sensitivity, the proposed method achieved a tenfold reduction in sample size, a tenfold increase in sensitivity compared with other methods employing DHN and halved the analysis time with respect to the fastest method reported in the literature. Half an hour is enough to measure a 12 point titration, making the analysis of at least three titrations per day feasible. It is expected that the application of this procedure will foster the sample throughput, thanks to the reduced analysis time, and make possible the analysis of limitedly available and challenging samples, like porewater and vent fluids via the tenfold reduction in sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sanvito
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - D Monticelli
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Via Valleggio 11, 22100, Como, Italy.
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27
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Yang Z, Li C, Zhang Z, Lu G, Cai Z, Cao W. Development of an In Situ Analyzer Based on Sequential Injection Analysis and Liquid Waveguide Capillary Flow Cell for the Determination of Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus in Natural Waters. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102967. [PMID: 32456264 PMCID: PMC7288038 DOI: 10.3390/s20102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an innovative technique for the in situ analysis of aquatic biochemical elements detected through wet chemical processes. A new compact in situ phosphate analyzer based on sequential injection analysis, liquid waveguide capillary flow cell and spectrophotometry was developed, and a safe and modular electronics-chemical separation mechanical structure was designed. The sequential injection system of this analyzer was optimized, and the major functions of this analyzer were studied and estimated. With a 10 cm liquid waveguide capillary flow cell and a 6.3 min time cost of detection, the analyzer reaches a detection limit of 1.4 μg·L−1 (≈14.7 nM, [PO43−]) and a consumption of 23 μL at most for each reagent. This analyzer was operated in situ and online during two scientific research cruises in the Pearl River Estuary and northern South China Sea. The advantages of this analyzer include its simple versatile manifold, full automation, low chemical consumption and electronics-chemical separate safe structure. Long-term in situ performance of this analyzer will be validated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhenzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Guixin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Zifeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenxi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (G.L.); (Z.C.); (W.C.)
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Mantim T, Chaisiwamongkhol K, Uraisin K, Hauser PC, Wilairat P, Nacapricha D. Dual-Purpose Photometric-Conductivity Detector for Simultaneous and Sequential Measurements in Flow Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E2284. [PMID: 32414012 PMCID: PMC7287826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a new dual-purpose detector for photometric and conductivity measurements in flow-based analysis. The photometric detector is a paired emitter-detector diode (PEDD) device, whilst the conductivity detection employs a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D). The flow-through detection cell is a rectangular acrylic block (ca. 2 × 2 × 1.5 cm) with cylindrical channels in Z-configuration. For the PEDD detector, the LED light source and detector are installed inside the acrylic block. The two electrodes of the C4D are silver conducting ink painted on the PEEK inlet and outlet tubing of the Z-flow cell. The dual-purpose detector is coupled with a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system for simultaneous detection of the absorbance of the orange dye and conductivity of the dissolved oral rehydration salt powder. The detector was also used for sequential measurements of creatinine and the conductivity of human urine samples. The creatinine analysis is based on colorimetric detection of the Jaffé reaction using the PEDD detector, and the conductivity of the urine, as measured by the C4D detector, is expressed in millisiemens (mS cm-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitirat Mantim
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (K.U.); (P.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumwit 23 Road, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Korbua Chaisiwamongkhol
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (K.U.); (P.W.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Uraisin
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (K.U.); (P.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (K.U.); (P.W.)
- National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Nacapricha
- Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (FIRST Labs), Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.C.); (K.U.); (P.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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29
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Investigations on Ozone-Based and UV/US-Assisted Synergistic Digestion Methods for the Determination of Total Dissolved Nitrogen in Waters. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the alkaline persulfate oxidation (PO) with thermal and/or ultraviolet (UV) assisted digestion method has been widely used for digestion of nitrogen containing compounds (N-compounds) in water quality routine analysis in laboratory or on-line analysis, due to its simple principle, high conversion rate, high percent recovery, low-cost. However, this digestion method still has some inevitable problems such as complex operations, high contamination potential, batch N blanks, higher reaction temperature (120–124 °C) and time-consuming (30–60 min). In this study, ozone (O3) was selected as the oxidant for digestion of N-compounds through analysis and comparison firstly. Secondly, we proposed and compared the UV and/or ultrasound (US) combined with ozone (UV/O3, US/O3 and UV/US/O3) synergistic digestion methods based on O3 with sole O3 oxidation method on digestion efficiency (digestion time and conversion rate) of standard N-compounds. Simultaneously, the influence of reaction temperature, pH of water sample, concentration of O3 and mass flow rate, UV intensity, US frequency and power on digestion efficiency were investigated, and then the optimum parameters for digestion system were obtained. Experimental results indicated that UV radiation can effectively induce and promote the decomposition and photolysis of O3 in water to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while US can promote the diffusion and dissolution of O3 in water and intensify the gas-liquid mass transfer process for the reaction system. Meanwhile, results showed that the UV/US/O3 synergistic digestion method had the best digestion efficiency under the optimum conditions: water sample volume, 10 mL; pH of water sample, 11; O3 mass flow rate, 3200 mg/h; reaction temperature, 30 °C; digestion time, 25 min; UV lamp power, 18 W; distance between UV lamp and reactor, 2 cm; US frequency, 20 kHz; US power, 75 W. The conversion rate (CR) of synthetic wastewater samples varied from 99.6% to 101.4% for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in the range of 1.0~4.0 mg/L. The UV/US/O3 synergistic digestion method would be an effective and potential alternative for digestion of N-compounds in water quality routine analysis in laboratory or on-line analysis.
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Deng Y, Li P, Fang T, Jiang Y, Chen J, Chen N, Yuan D, Ma J. Automated Determination of Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus at Nanomolar to Micromolar Levels in Natural Waters Using a Portable Flow Analyzer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4379-4386. [PMID: 32056426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Automated in-field methods for measuring dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) over a large concentration range are in high demand for the purpose of better understanding the biogeochemistry of phosphorus in the river-estuary-coast continuum to the open ocean. Here, an automated portable and robust analyzer was described for the determination of nanomolar to micromolar levels of DRP in natural waters. The quantification of DRP was based on classic phosphomolybdenum blue (PMB) chemistry. All the components of the analyzer were computer-controlled using LabVIEW-based laboratory-programmed software. When equipped with a 3 cm Z-type flow cell, the system demonstrated linearity with concentrations up to 12 μmol L-1, a sampling rate of 20 h-1, a limit of detection of 0.11 μmol L-1, and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.4-4.6% (n = 11-576). When a solid-phase extraction cartridge was combined with the analyzer, the PMB formed from the sample was automatically concentrated on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced sorbent. The concentrated PMB compound was eluted with NaOH solution and measured in the spectrophotometric system. Under optimal conditions, the nanomolar-level mode afforded a sampling rate of 8 h-1, a limit of detection of 1.7 nmol L-1, and RSDs of 3.0-5.7% (n = 11-120). The system exhibited advantages that included a wide linear range, high sensitivity and reproducibility, low reagent consumption, and insignificant interference from salinity, silicate, arsenate, and other P-containing compounds. The system was successfully applied for discrete sample analysis, fixed site online monitoring, and the real-time underway measurement of DRP in riverine-estuarine-coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Peicong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Dongshan Swire Marine Station, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, People's Republic of China
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Takeda N, Hashihama F, Kanda J. Automated colorimetric determination of nanomolar urea in seawater by gas-segmented continuous flow analysis using a liquid waveguide capillary cell. Talanta 2020; 208:120371. [PMID: 31816767 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive automated colorimetric method for the determination of nanomolar concentration of urea in seawater is presented. The colorimetry was based on the diacetyl monoxime method and the automated system was constructed by a gas-segmented continuous flow analyzer equipped with a 100 cm path length of liquid waveguide capillary cell. The most suitable surfactant for the system was hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide as compared to Brij-35, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and Triton X-100. Blank selection using a 3% NaCl solution, filtered subtropical surface seawater, and filtered deep seawaters with and without urease treatment showed that the filtered deep seawater with urease treatment had the lowest absorbance and was appropriate. The sample volume needed for the analysis was 1.8 mL, and the analysis rate was 10 samples h-1. Calibration curves showed good linearity for 0-1000 nM urea-N concentration range (r2 = 0.999). The detection limit was 5 nM urea-N. The coefficient of variation for the analysis of seawater samples collected in the subtropical North Pacific was <5% at 30 and 29 nM urea-N. The proposed analytical system was applicable to vertical observation in the subtropical North Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takeda
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Hashihama
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Jota Kanda
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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Fang T, Li P, Lin K, Chen N, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yuan D, Ma J. Simultaneous underway analysis of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine and coastal waters using an automated integrated syringe-pump-based environmental-water analyzer. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1076:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dasgupta PK, Qin C, Shelor CP, Kadjo AF, Su J, Kraiczek KG, Marshall GD. Attenuation Coefficients of Tubular Conduits for Liquid Phase Absorbance Measurement: Shot Noise Limited Optimum Path Length. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9481-9489. [PMID: 31265255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We trace the history of liquid core waveguides (LCWs, also called liquid core optical fibers) and the role Teflon AF (TAF) has played in their development. We show that, in any shot noise limited situation, the optimum signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) occurs at a path length of 1/αa{ln[1 + 2(αa/αb)]}, approximately 2/αb under most conditions, αa and αb being the light attenuation coefficient due to the analyte and the background, respectively. The analysis shows that LCW length should be selected depending on the applicable αb value. An overly long LCW may exhibit a lower signal-to-noise ratio. Water-filled TAF-clad fused-silica (FS) tubes show the lowest attenuation across the wavelength range. Nevertheless, except at λ ≥ 600 nm, the observed αb values far exceed those reported for pure water: it appears that both impurities in the water and waveguide losses are involved. In examining the attenuation in various water-filled tubes, we find that the transmission of air-surrounded FS tubes is second only to TAF-clad FS tubes and is better than that of TAF tubes or externally mirrored FS tubes. Surprisingly, except for a window centered at ∼250 nm, light transmission in a water-filled poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) tube is worse than in poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) tubing. Light transmission in PTFE tubes improves with increasing wall thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purnendu K Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Chuchu Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Charles Phillip Shelor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Akinde Florence Kadjo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Department of Mathematics , University of Texas at Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0408 , United States
| | - Karsten G Kraiczek
- Agilent Technologies , Hewlett-Packard Strasse 8 , D 76337 Waldbronn , Germany
| | - Graham D Marshall
- Global FIA , 684 Sixth Avenue , Fox Island , Washington 98333 , United States
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Birchill A, Clinton-Bailey G, Hanz R, Mawji E, Cariou T, White C, Ussher S, Worsfold P, Achterberg E, Mowlem M. Realistic measurement uncertainties for marine macronutrient measurements conducted using gas segmented flow and Lab-on-Chip techniques. Talanta 2019; 200:228-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Li P, Deng Y, Shu H, Lin K, Chen N, Jiang Y, Chen J, Yuan D, Ma J. High-frequency underway analysis of ammonium in coastal waters using an integrated syringe-pump-based environmental-water analyzer (iSEA). Talanta 2019; 195:638-646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li Q, Zhao W, Miao H, Han X. Effects and improvements of different reagents preservation methods on the determination of phosphate in seawater by phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometric method. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:136-140. [PMID: 30686410 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work attempted to prolong the validity of the molybdate mixed solution and ascorbic acid solution used in the phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometric method by improving their preservation according to the influence factors. The results showed that the molybdate mixed solution can be directly preserved in darkness with validity over half a year. The ascorbic acid solution is influenced by light, temperature, pH, metal ions, oxygen, and bacteria. The validity of ascorbic acid is shortened as the temperature rises. Through keeping in darkness, adding complexing agents, adjusting pH, removing oxygen and sterilization, the validity of ascorbic acid solution was prolonged to over 2.7 times under 4 °C and over 5 times under 25 °C. At the same time, the hybrid solution of ascorbic acid solution and molybdate mixed solution should be preserved separately, otherwise the using effect is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Hui Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaotian Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China; Center for Ocean Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Chen H, Zhao L, Yu F, Du Q. Detection of phosphorus species in water: technology and strategies. Analyst 2019; 144:7130-7148. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in methods of detection of total phosphorus in water, including photoelectric strategies, spectroscopy techniques, and modeling algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue
- College of Clinical Medicine
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Institute of Functional Materials and Molecular Imaging
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue
- College of Clinical Medicine
| | - Qiaoling Du
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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38
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Pagliano E, Campanella B, Shi L, Thibeault MP, Onor M, Crum S, Melanson JE, Mester Z. Determination of total dissolved nitrogen in seawater by isotope dilution gas chromatography mass spectrometry following digestion with persulfate and derivatization with aqueous triethyloxonium. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:193-199. [PMID: 30076005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel approach for the determination of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in seawater combining high-precision isotope dilution GC-MS with persulfate digestion. A 2 mL sample aliquot was digested with an alkaline solution of persulfate to convert nitrogen containing compounds to nitrate. Digested samples were spiked with 15NO3- internal standard and treated with aqueous triethyloxonium to convert the analyte into volatile EtONO2. This derivative was readily separated from the matrix under gaseous form and could be sampled from the headspace before GC-MS analysis. The resulting chromatograms showed a stable flat baseline with EtONO2 as the only eluting peak (retention time 2.75 min on a DB 5.625 column). Such an approach provides specificity and obviates the shortcomings of current detection methods employed to analyze seawater samples after digestion with persulfate. In negative chemical ionization mode, the method reached a detection limit of 0.5 μmol/kg TDN (7 ng/g N) and could be applied to quantify seawater samples with 1-25 μmol/kg TDN. On the upper end of the range, quantitation could be repeated within 1%, whereas on a 6 μmol/kg TDN sample repeatability was 2.3% on eight measurements. The method was employed in two proficiency testing exercises providing results in agreement with consensus values. We investigated the impact of reagent blank and we implemented a blank-matching optimal design to account for such contribution. Finally, we performed a study on the yield of persulfate oxidation for organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds typically present in seawater. Whilst nitrite and ammonium are fully converted to nitrate, more complex organic molecules showed recoveries varying from 70% to 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Pagliano
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Beatrice Campanella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Shi
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibeault
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Massimo Onor
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Steven Crum
- QUASIMEME, NL-6700 EC Wageningen, Bornsesteeg 10, 6721 NG Bennekom, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy E Melanson
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, K1A 0R6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Optimization of a salinity-interference-free indophenol method for the determination of ammonium in natural waters using o-phenylphenol. Talanta 2018; 179:608-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Timofeeva II, Vakh CS, Bulatov AV, Worsfold PJ. Flow analysis with chemiluminescence detection: Recent advances and applications. Talanta 2017; 179:246-270. [PMID: 29310229 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the most important developments in flow analysis with chemiluminescence (CL) detection, describing different flow systems that are compatible with CL detection, detector designs, commonly applied CL reactions and approaches to sample treatment. Recent applications of flow analysis with CL detection (focusing on outputs published since 2010) are also presented. Applications are classified by sample matrix, covering foods and beverages, environmental matrices, pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Comprehensive tables are provided for each area, listing the specific sample matrix, CL reaction used, linear range, limit of detection and sample treatment for each analyte. Finally, recent and emerging trends in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Timofeeva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St.Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskayanab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Christina S Vakh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St.Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskayanab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Andrey V Bulatov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg University, St.Petersburg State University, SPbSU, SPbU, 7/9 Universitetskayanab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Paul J Worsfold
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences and Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
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Clinton-Bailey GS, Grand MM, Beaton AD, Nightingale AM, Owsianka DR, Slavik GJ, Connelly DP, Cardwell CL, Mowlem MC. A Lab-on-Chip Analyzer for in Situ Measurement of Soluble Reactive Phosphate: Improved Phosphate Blue Assay and Application to Fluvial Monitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9989-9995. [PMID: 28771345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a new in situ microfluidic phosphate sensor that features an improved "phosphate blue" assay which includes polyvinylpyrrolidone in place of traditional surfactants-improving sensitivity and reducing temperature effects. The sensor features greater power economy and analytical performance relative to commercially available alternatives, with a mean power consumption of 1.8 W, a detection limit of 40 nM, a dynamic range of 0.14-10 μM, and an infield accuracy of 4 ± 4.5%. During field testing, the sensor was continuously deployed for 9 weeks in a chalk stream, revealing complex relations between flow rates and phosphate concentration that suggest changing dominance in phosphate sources. A distinct diel phosphorus signal was observed under low flow conditions, highlighting the ability of the sensor to decouple geochemical and biotic effects on phosphate dynamics in fluvial environments. This paper highlights the importance of high resolution in situ sensors in addressing the current gross under-sampling of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxime M Grand
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrian M Nightingale
- Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David R Owsianka
- National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Slavik
- National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas P Connelly
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew C Mowlem
- National Oceanography Centre , Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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Schierenbeck TM, Smith MC. Path to Impact for Autonomous Field Deployable Chemical Sensors: A Case Study of in Situ Nitrite Sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4755-4771. [PMID: 28332819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural freshwater systems have been severely affected by excess loading of macronutrients (e.g., nitrogen and phosphorus) from fertilizers, fossil fuels, and human and livestock waste. In the USA, impacts to drinking water quality, biogeochemical cycles, and aquatic ecosystems are estimated to cost US$210 billion annually. Field-deployable nutrient sensors (FDS) offer potential to support research and resource management efforts by acquiring higher resolution data than are currently supported by expensive conventional sampling methods. Following nearly 40 years of research and development, FDS instruments are now starting to penetrate commercial markets. However, instrument uncertainty factors (high cost, reliability, accuracy, and precision) are key drivers impeding the uptake of FDS by the majority of users. Using nitrite sensors as a case study, we review the trends, opportunities, and challenges in producing and implementing FDS from a perspective of innovation and impact. We characterize the user community and consumer needs, identify trends in research approaches, tabulate state-of-the-art examples and specifications, and discuss data life cycle considerations. With further development of FDS through prototyping and testing in real-world applications, these tools can deliver information for protecting and restoring natural waters, enhancing process control for industrial operations and water treatment, and providing novel research insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M Schierenbeck
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
| | - Matthew C Smith
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , 600 E. Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204, United States
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Abouhiat F, Henríquez C, El Yousfi F, Cerdà V. Sensitive kinetic-catalytic spectrophotometric method for cobalt determination using a chip coupled to a multisyringe flow injection analysis system. Talanta 2017; 166:405-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Lin K, Ma J, Yuan D, Feng S, Su H, Huang Y, Shangguan Q. Sequential determination of multi-nutrient elements in natural water samples with a reverse flow injection system. Talanta 2017; 167:166-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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45
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Feng S, Yuan D, Huang Y, Lin K, Zhou T. In-field determination of trace dissolved manganese in estuarine and coastal waters with automatic on-line preconcentration and flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boroumand S, Chamjangali MA, Bagherian G. Double injection/single detection asymmetric flow injection manifold for spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid and uric acid: Selection the optimal conditions by MCDM approach based on different criteria weighting methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 174:203-213. [PMID: 27915157 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive double injection/single detector flow injection analysis (FIA) method is proposed for the simultaneous kinetic determination of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). This method is based upon the difference between the rates of the AA and UA reactions with Fe3+ in the presence of 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen). The absorbance of Fe2+/1, 10-phenanthroline (Fe-phen) complex obtained as the product was measured spectrophotometrically at 510nm. To reach a good accuracy in the differential kinetic determination via the mathematical manipulations of the transient signals, different criteria were considered in the selection of the optimum conditions. The multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach was applied for the selection of the optimum conditions. The importance weights of the evaluation criteria were determined using the analytic hierarchy process, entropy method, and compromised weighting (CW). The experimental conditions (alternatives) were ranked by the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution. Under the selected optimum conditions, the obtained analytical signals were linear in the ranges of 0.50-5.00 and 0.50-4.00mgL-1 for AA and UA, respectively. The 3σ detection limits were 0.07mgL-1 for AA and 0.12mgL-1 for UA. The relative standard deviations for four replicate determinations of AA and UA were 2.03% and 3.30% respectively. The method was also applied for the analysis of analytes in the blood serum, Vitamine C tablets, and tap water with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Boroumand
- College of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, P.O. Box 36155-316, Iran
| | | | - Ghadamali Bagherian
- College of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, P.O. Box 36155-316, Iran
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Ali TA, Mohamed GG, Omar M, Hanafy NM. Construction and performance characteristics of chemically modified carbon paste electrodes for the selective determination of Co(II) ions in water samples. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Underway analysis of nanomolar dissolved reactive phosphorus in oligotrophic seawater with automated on-line solid phase extraction and spectrophotometric system. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:80-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liang Y, Yan C, Guo Q, Xu J, Hu H. Spectrophotometric determination of ammonia nitrogen in water by flow injection analysis based on NH3- o-phthalaldehyde -Na2SO3 reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bagshaw EA, Beaton A, Wadham JL, Mowlem M, Hawkings JR, Tranter M. Chemical sensors for in situ data collection in the cryosphere. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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