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Neville RD, Hopkins WG, McArthur BA, Draper CE, Madigan S. Associations Between Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Mediation-Based Meta-Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:323-332. [PMID: 38194951 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although 24-hour movement behaviors are known to be interconnected, limited knowledge exists about whether change in one behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (eg, increased screen time) was associated with change in another (eg, reduced physical activity or sleep). This review estimates mediational associations between changes in children's physical activity, screen time, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We included studies published between January 1, 2020 and June 27, 2022, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases. Summary data were extracted from included studies and analyzed with random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS This review included 26 studies representing 18,959 children across 18 mid-high-income countries (53% male; mean age, 11.5 [2.9] y). There was very good evidence of decreased total daily physical activity (factor change, 0.62; 90% CI, 0.47-0.81) and strong evidence of increased screen time (1.56; 90% CI, 1.38-1.77). There was very good evidence of decreased moderate to vigorous physical activity (0.75; 90% CI, 0.62-0.90) and weak evidence of increased sleep (1.02; 90% CI, 1.00-1.04). Mediational analysis revealed strong evidence that most of the reduction in total daily physical activity from before, to during, the pandemic was associated with increased screen time (0.53; 90% CI, 0.42-0.67). We observed no further mediational associations. CONCLUSION Increased reliance on and use of screen-based devices during the COVID-19 pandemic can be linked with reduced child and adolescent physical activity. This finding links COVID-related restrictions to potential displacement effects within child and adolescent 24-hour movement behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William G Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AL, Canada
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Thorén A, Filipsson T, Englund E, Sandström O, Janson A, Silfverdal SA. Significant effects of childhood obesity treatment with a web-based component in a randomised controlled study (Web-COP). Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:276-285. [PMID: 37837210 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM We evaluated the effect on body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) of a combined treatment (Web-COP) for children with obesity, including a web-based component targeting their parents. METHODS This randomised controlled trial recruited children 5-12 years of age with obesity (International Obesity Task Force BMI [IOTF-BMI] ≥30 kg/m2 ) from school health care and outpatient paediatric clinics in in Northern Sweden from 1 June 2019 to 21 June 2020. The children were randomised to Web-COP, an intervention with group sessions and a 12-week web-based component, or standard care. The primary outcome was the change in IOTF BMI-SDS after 6 months. RESULTS In total, 75 children (33 girls), mean age 9.5 years, were randomised, and 65/75 (87%) children and their parents completed the study, 35/39 (90%) in the Web-COP intervention and 30/36 (83%) in the standard care group. BMI-SDS at 6 months was changed from 3.08 to 2.81 in the intervention group compared to an increase from 3.07 to 3.16 in the standard care group, representing a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). In the intervention group, 14/30 (47%) reduced their BMI-SDS ≥0.25, compared to none in the standard care group. CONCLUSION The parent-focused intervention significantly improved BMI-SDS in children with obesity as compared to children in standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Thorén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, Sollefteå hospital, Sollefteå, Sweden
| | - Tobias Filipsson
- Department of Paediatrics, Örnsköldsvik hospital, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Erling Englund
- Department of Research and Development, Västernorrland County Council, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Olof Sandström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Janson
- National Childhood Obesity Centre, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Blanco E, Hyde ET, Martinez SM. Assessing sleep behaviors in Latino children and adolescents: what is known, what are we missing, and how do we move forward? Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:17-22. [PMID: 37933679 PMCID: PMC10825877 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep health is a commonly overlooked component of pediatric cardiometabolic risk. Disparities in sleep duration and meeting of pediatric sleep guidelines have been well documented among at-risk populations in the United States, including Latinos. However, sleep research often fails to describe or account for contextual and cultural factors impacting the ability for Latino families to meet guidelines. The current review focuses on recent findings related to measurement of sleep duration, understanding of contextual factors that impact sleep hygiene, and interventions designed to increase sleep duration and quality among U.S. Latino families with infants, young children, and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Ten studies focusing on sleep health in U.S. Latino children, using different study designs were identified. Overall, cross-sectional studies confirmed inadequate sleep among Latino children, intervention studies demonstrated promise of culturally-sensitive health behavior education for improving sleep in early childhood, and qualitative studies highlighted neighborhood and cultural factors that impact sleep quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE AND RESEARCH Rather than new prevalence studies on adherence to sleep recommendations among Latino families, research focusing on adapting clinical guidelines to accommodate the realities of many Latino families (e.g., co-sleeping and bedsharing) will advance our knowledge. A shift towards objective measurement of the 24-h period as well as evaluating specific contextual barriers that make It challenging to meet sleep guidelines for Latino children is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sociedad y Salud, Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina y Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric T. Hyde
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health (Epidemiology)
| | - Suzanna M. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Beck AL, Mora R, Joseph G, Perrin E, Cabana M, Schickedanz A, Fernandez A. A Multimethod Evaluation of the Futuros Fuertes Intervention to Promote Healthy Feeding, Screen Time, and Sleep Practices. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:1351-1360. [PMID: 37211275 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1) To evaluate the impact of the Futuros Fuertes intervention on infant feeding, screen time, and sleep practices and 2) To use qualitative methods to explore mechanisms of action. METHODS Low-income Latino infant-parent dyads were recruited from birth to 1 month and randomized to Futuros Fuertes or a financial coaching control. Parents received health education sessions from a lay health educator at well-child visits in the first year of life. Parents received two text messages per week that reinforced intervention content. We assessed infant feeding, screen time, and sleep practices via surveys. body mass index z-score (BMI-z) was measured at 6 and 12 months. Seventeen parents from the intervention arm participated in a semi-structured interview that explored parental experiences with the intervention. RESULTS There were n = 96 infant-parent dyads randomized. Fruit intake was higher in the intervention group at 15 months (1.1 vs 0.86 cups p = 0.05). Breastfeeding rates were higher in intervention participants at 6 months (84% vs 59% p = 0.02) and 9 months (81% vs 51% p = 0.008). Mean daily screen time was lower among intervention participants at 6 months (7 vs 22 min p = 0.003), 12 months (35 vs 52 min p = 0.03), and 15 months (60 vs 73 min p = 0.03). Major qualitative themes include 1) parental trust in intervention messaging 2) changes in feeding and screen time parenting practices, 3) text messages supported behavior change for parents and family members, and 4) varying effectiveness of intervention on different health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Low-income Latino infants participating in the Futuros Fuertes intervention had modestly healthier feeding and screen time practices compared to control participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (AL Beck), University of California San Francisco.
| | - Rosa Mora
- School of Medicine (R Mora), University of California San Francisco
| | - Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Medicine (G Joseph), University of California San Francisco
| | - Eliana Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Schools of Medicine and Nursing (E Perrin), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Michael Cabana
- Department of Pediatrics (M Cabana), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Adam Schickedanz
- Department of Pediatrics (A Schickedanz), University of California Los Angeles
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine (A Fernandez), University of California San Francisco
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Choque GAH, Rodriguez MR, Soltani D, Baltaci A, Nagao-Sato S, de Davila SA, Monardez J, Peralta Reyes AO, Reicks M. Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Father Participation in an Adolescent Obesity Prevention Program With Multiple Delivery Methods. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231177300. [PMID: 37300243 PMCID: PMC10830123 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231177300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables was a Latino family-based obesity prevention intervention implemented from 2017 to 2020 across eight programs in-person only, in a blended format (online/in-person), and online only. The intervention aimed to enhance father parenting skills to improve adolescent diet and activity behaviors. Mothers were encouraged to attend. Factors associated with participation were explored using a mixed-methods, qualitative (focus group/individual interviews by Zoom) and quantitative (process evaluation) design. Eleven focus group and 24 individual interviews were completed after participation with 24 fathers, 27 mothers, and 40 adolescents with responses not sorted by delivery method before analysis. Binomial logistic regression models examined associations between fathers' program completion and predictor variables of delivery characteristics, father demographic characteristics, and family attendance patterns. Parents were married (96% fathers, 76% mothers), had low income, a high school education or less (68% fathers, 81% mothers), and had lived in the United States a mean of 19 years. Parents were motivated to participate to improve health, and to be involved with and improve communication with their child. Common barriers to participation were work and life priorities and programmatic factors including scheduling conflicts and technological issues. Participation was greater for fathers attending sessions in-person compared with online only (OR = 11.6). Fathers were more likely to participate if they attended sessions with family members vs. not attending with family members (OR = 7.2). To maximize participation, findings suggest involving multiple parents/caregivers and adolescents, addressing contextual and programmatic barriers, and promoting benefits of better health and relations with family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Alvarez de Davila
- University of Minnesota Extension, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Robert J. Jones Urban Research and Outreach-Engagement Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Finkel MA, Bryan A, Partida I, Raaen L, Duong N, Goldsmith J, Woo Baidal JA. Longitudinal trends in parent-reported child sleep, physical activity, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121221147851. [PMID: 36660110 PMCID: PMC9845847 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221147851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine trends in child sleep, physical activity, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City with a prospective, longitudinal online survey of parents recruited from a large medical center. Methods Data was collected Spring 2020 ("Complete Shutdown") and Fall 2020 ("Partial Shutdown"). Outcomes were parental perceptions about changes in child sleep, physical activity, and screen time compared to before COVID-19; and contemporaneous measures of these child behaviors. We report contemporaneous responses and paired analyses to describe longitudinal changes. Results Two hundred seventy-seven participants were surveyed during Complete Shutdown and 227 (81.9%) filled out a follow-up survey during Partial Shutdown. The largest percentage of parents at both time points perceived no change in child sleep, decreases in child exercise, and increases in child screen time. In paired analyses, perceptions shifted toward less sleep, more physical activity and less screen time from Complete Shutdown to Partial Shutdown. Conclusion COVID-19 had negative impacts on child health behaviors that did not resolve over a 6-month period despite partial reopenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Finkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Bryan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia
University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivette Partida
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Raaen
- Department of Nutrition, Teachers
College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ngoc Duong
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia
University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woo Baidal
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA,Jennifer A. Woo Baidal, Division of
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics,
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons,
NewYork-Presbyterian, 622 West 168th St, PH-17, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Koivukoski H, Hasanen E, Tolvanen A, Chua T, Chia M, Vehmas H, Sääkslahti A. Meeting the WHO 24-h guidelines among 2-6-year-old children by family socioeconomic status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF ACTIVITY, SEDENTARY AND SLEEP BEHAVIORS 2023; 2:2. [PMID: 38013787 PMCID: PMC9807983 DOI: 10.1186/s44167-022-00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for 24-h physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour and sleep for young children. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to a lower likelihood of meeting these guidelines. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) raised concerns about young children's opportunities to meet the guidelines. The study focused on the prevalence of meeting the WHO's 24-h guidelines on screen time (ST), PA and sleep among 2-6-year-old children, in association with family SES, before COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, and during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in Finland. Methods Data were collected at three timepoints by an online survey through day-care centres. Meeting the WHO 24-h guidelines was defined for each behaviour, from a parent-reported seven-day recall of a typical day on weekdays and weekend days and adapted to the national context. Children were considered to meet the ST guideline if they had maximum of 60 min of ST, the PA guideline if they had minimum of 60 min of outdoor PA, and the sleep guidelines if they had minimum of 11/10/9 h (2/3-5/6 years) of good or very good quality sleep. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the odds ratios of meeting the guidelines. Results The prevalence of meeting the ST guideline was highest before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. The PA guideline was most met during the strict pandemic restrictions in 2020. Children from higher SES families were more likely to meet the ST and sleep duration guidelines either on weekdays or weekends. The PA guideline was met more on weekdays by children whose parents had lower education levels at all timepoints. In 2020, sleep quality guideline was less likely met by children with parents with the highest education levels. Conclusion Higher SES may increase the odds of young children meeting the ST and sleep duration guidelines, but the results are more complex regarding PA and SES. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ST, outdoor PA, and sleep of young children varied by family SES, and further research is recommended to identify causality of these relationships. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44167-022-00010-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Koivukoski
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Hasanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Asko Tolvanen
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Terence Chua
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Chia
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanna Vehmas
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Sääkslahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Thompson DA, Tschann JM, Jimenez-Zambrano AM, Martinez SM, Reyes GA, Solis GA, Clark L. Screen-related discord and dismay in low-income Mexican American families with toddlers: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 68:60-67. [PMID: 36396565 PMCID: PMC10168647 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding parental experiences with managing their toddler's screen use is important to inform the design of interventions addressing early childhood screen use, yet current evidence is limited. To enhance our understanding of the context of toddler screen use, this study characterizes the screen-related discord and dismay parents experience in families with toddlers. DESIGN AND METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted to explore everyday experiences with screen use among low-income Mexican American caregivers of toddlers (21 mothers, 10 fathers, 1 grandmother). Transcripts were content analyzed to identify prominent themes. RESULTS Three themes were identified. Experiences of screen-related discord and dismay arose (1) between parent and child, (2) between parents, and (3) surfaced as parental internal dissonance about toddler screen use. Parent-child discord resulted from parental limit setting and child reactions to parental screen use, which often included tantrums. Parent-partner discord included patterns of agreeing to disagree and direct disagreement between partners. Parents also reported their own feelings of ambivalence and dismay as they struggled to reconcile their preferences against their toddler's actual screen use, while living in a screen-saturated world. CONCLUSIONS Findings offer insight into types of screen-related discord and dismay low-income Mexican American parents experience as they attempt to manage their toddler's screen use. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Although discord in families is normal, the screen-specific discord reported by participants warrants consideration in efforts promoting healthy screen use in families. Providers can tailor their counseling to consider the range of screen-related discord families of toddlers may experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America; Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America.
| | - Jeanne M Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrea M Jimenez-Zambrano
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Suzanna M Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gabriela A Reyes
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Guadalupe A Solis
- Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Lauren Clark
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Mayne SL, Kelleher S, Hannan C, Kelly MK, Powell M, Dalembert G, McPeak K, Jenssen BP, Fiks AG. Neighborhood Greenspace and Changes in Pediatric Obesity During COVID-19. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:33-41. [PMID: 36116998 PMCID: PMC9420704 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric obesity rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the associations of neighborhood greenspace with changes in pediatric obesity during the pandemic. METHODS Electronic health record data from a large pediatric primary care network were extracted to create a retrospective cohort of patients aged 2-17 years with a visit in each of 2 periods: June 2019-December 2019 (before pandemic) and June 2020-December 2020 (pandemic). Multivariable longitudinal generalized estimating equations Poisson regression estimated the associations of census tract‒level Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with (1) changes in obesity risk during the pandemic and (2) risk of new-onset obesity among children who were not obese prepandemic. Analyses were conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. RESULTS Among 81,418 children (mean age: 8.4 years, 18% Black), the percentage of children who were obese increased by 3.2% during the pandemic. Children in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Quartiles 2-4 had smaller increases in obesity risk during the pandemic than those in Quartile 1 (risk ratio=0.96, 95% CI=0.93, 0.99; Quartile 3 risk ratio=0.95; 95% CI=0.91, 0.98; Quartile 4 risk ratio=0.95, 95% CI=0.92, 0.99). Among the subset who were not obese before the pandemic, children in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index quartiles 3-4 had a lower risk of new-onset obesity during the pandemic (Quartile 3 risk ratio=0.82, 95% CI=0.71, 0.95; Quartile 4 risk ratio=0.73, 95% CI=0.62, 0.85). Higher Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was associated with smaller increases in obesity risk and lower risk of new-onset obesity among children in urban and suburban areas, but results were in the opposite direction for children in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Children living in greener neighborhoods experienced smaller increases in obesity during the pandemic than children in less green neighborhoods, although findings differed by urbanicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mayne
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Shannon Kelleher
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chloe Hannan
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary Kate Kelly
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maura Powell
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - George Dalembert
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie McPeak
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian P Jenssen
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- The Possibilities Project, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Madigan S, Eirich R, Pador P, McArthur BA, Neville RD. Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1188-1198. [PMID: 36342702 PMCID: PMC9641597 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To limit the spread of COVID-19, numerous restrictions were imposed on youths, including school closures, isolation requirements, social distancing, and cancelation of extracurricular activities, which independently or collectively may have shifted screen time patterns. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in the duration, content, and context of screen time of children and adolescents by comparing estimates taken before the pandemic with those taken during the pandemic and to determine when and for whom screen time has increased the most. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched between January 1, 2020, and March 5, 2022, including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 2474 nonduplicate records were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Study inclusion criteria were reported changes in the duration (minutes per day) of screen time before and during the pandemic; children, adolescents, and young adults (≤18 years); longitudinal or retrospective estimates; peer reviewed; and published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 136 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to May 5, 2022, with a random-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in daily screen time comparing estimates taken before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 46 studies (146 effect sizes; 29 017 children; 57% male; and mean [SD] age, 9 [4.1] years) revealed that, from a baseline prepandemic value of 162 min/d (2.7 h/d), during the pandemic there was an increase in screen time of 84 min/d (1.4 h/d), representing a 52% increase. Increases were particularly marked for individuals aged 12 to 18 years (k [number of sample estimates] = 26; 110 min/d) and for device type (handheld devices [k = 20; 44 min/d] and personal computers [k = 13; 46 min/d]). Moderator analyses showed that increases were possibly larger in retrospective (k = 36; 116 min/d) vs longitudinal (k = 51; 65 min/d) studies. Mean increases were observed in samples examining both recreational screen time alone (k = 54; 84 min/d) and total daily screen time combining recreational and educational use (k = 33; 68 min/d). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has led to considerable disruptions in the lives and routines of children, adolescents, and families, which is likely associated with increased levels of screen time. Findings suggest that when interacting with children and caregivers, practitioners should place a critical focus on promoting healthy device habits, which can include moderating daily use; choosing age-appropriate programs; promoting device-free time, sleep, and physical activity; and encouraging children to use screens as a creative outlet or a means to meaningfully connect with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Kang S, Seo MY, Kim SH, Park MJ. Changes in lifestyle and obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korean adolescents: based on the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2019 and 2020. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 27:281-288. [PMID: 35798306 PMCID: PMC9816461 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2142228.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people's daily lives and increased their time spent at home. This study aims to investigate the changes in lifestyle factors and obesity among Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS We used the data of 109,282 adolescents aged 12-18 years, from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey conducted in 2019 and 2020 before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The changes in the prevalence of obesity and lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, sitting time, and sleep duration) were assessed. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of predictors for obesity were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight (10% to 10.5%) and obesity (11.5% to 12.7%) increased significantly, especially among males younger than 15 years, whereas significant differences were absent among females. The mean body mass index z-score increased from 0.28 to 0.39 in males but decreased from 0.08 to 0.04 in females. Fruit consumption, regular exercise, and average sleep duration decreased, whereas sitting time increased. After controlling for covariates, a short sleep duration (OR, 1.14) and an increased sitting time (OR, 1.14) were significantly associated with an elevated risk for overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of obesity and overweight increased, particularly in males, as did unfavorable trends in related lifestyle factors. Sex- and age-specific strategies to improve lifestyle factors associated with obesity are needed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinyoung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Mi Jung Park Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01757, Korea
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12
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Pourghazi F, Eslami M, Ehsani A, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M. Eating habits of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 era: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1004953. [PMID: 36330134 PMCID: PMC9623566 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1004953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID19 pandemic has affected all aspects of people's lives. Eating habit plays a crucial role in children and adolescents' physical and mental development and the impacts might last until adulthood. This systematic review aimed to summarize a comprehensive and updated overview of eating habits changes due to COVID19 confinements among children and adolescents. A systematic literature search was performed in three databases for all the English studies published from the start of the confinements until April 2022. Two researchers screened articles independently and included observational studies which evaluated children's and adolescents' eating habits before and during confinements. The quality of the included studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment checklists for cross-sectional and cohort studies. Among 2,436 studies, 39 final full-text articles were included. The total participants of this systematic review consist of 157,900 children and adolescents. Seven categories were identified: daily eating patterns, junk food, beverage, fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy, protein-rich foods, and legumes and cereals. In summary, most of the included studies reported a significant increase in consumption of home-cooked meals, amount of food, snack, french fries, sweets, fruits, vegetables, legumes, bread, and bakery products. On the other hand, studies demonstrated significantly lower intake of fast food and soft drink. The studies reported controversial results about breakfast consumption, sugar-added drinks, caffeinated drinks, milk and dairy products, protein-rich foods (including meat, fish, egg and chicken, and poultry), rice, and cereal. Changes in children's and adolescents' eating habits during the COVID-19 era were both positive and negative, for example, a decrease in fast food, fruit, and vegetable consumption vs. an increase in snacking and sweet consumption. Both changes have significant short-term and long-term impacts on population health. This study could provide us with insight into the changes in eating habits in children and adolescents in the COVID-19 era which we can use to limit the negative consequences on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Pourghazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysa Eslami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ehsani
- Department of Pediatrics, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Mostafa Qorbani
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Kazemzadeh S, Opper CE, Fang X, Lazorick S. Determining Trends and Factors Associated with Self-Reported Physical Activity among Adolescents in Rural North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11417. [PMID: 36141689 PMCID: PMC9516972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is important to better understand factors associated with physical activity (PA) levels in adolescents in rural areas. Cross-sectional data were used to obtain self-reported PA levels among adolescents in a school-based intervention in fall 2018. Demographic data, environmental variables, and cardiovascular fitness (PACER score) were also measured. Analyses included a two-sample t-test, ANOVA, a Chi-square test, and a linear regression model. Participants included 3799 7th graders. Male (p < 0.0001), white (p < 0.0001), and healthy weight (p < 0.0001) participants reported more days of PA. The correlation between school physical education (PE) and PACER was modest (r = 0.27, p < 0.0001). Multiple linear regression model showed significant effects of school PE (p = 0.0011), gender (p < 0.0001), race (p < 0.0001), and weight category (p < 0.0001) on self-reported PA. The percentage of students reporting 60 min of PA for 5 (p < 0.0001) or 7 (p = 0.0307) days per week tended to be higher with increased days per week of school PE. Policy changes that increase PA and PE in middle schools may present opportunities to improve PA levels in adolescents, with emphasis on being inclusive and mindful of minority and female youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kazemzadeh
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Chloe E. Opper
- ECU Health Residency Program, Pediatrics, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Suzanne Lazorick
- Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Children's Eating Behaviours: A Longitudinal Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9071078. [PMID: 35884062 PMCID: PMC9323163 DOI: 10.3390/children9071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on children’s lifestyle and eating behaviour, resulting in an increase of obesity prevalence. The CEBQ (Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) is a validate questionnaire that investigates children’s eating behaviour. Knowing the psychological consequences of daily routine disruption during lockdown, we evaluated the changes in eating behaviours in a paediatric cohort before and during the lockdown period through the evaluation of the Italian version of the CEBQ. We prospectively enrolled children attending the pediatric clinic of the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’. All parents answered the parent-report version of the CEBQ before lockdown containment. During lockdown, the second survey was carried out by telephone call. The study sample included 69 children. Food responsiveness and emotional overeating subscales showed higher scores during lockdown compared to data before lockdown (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conversely, desire to drink and satiety responsiveness showed lower scores at follow-up (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0001, respectively). No differences were observed for slowness in eating and enjoyment of food. Delta changes were higher in normal-weight children compared to children with obesity (p = 0.02). Our results confirm that containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have acted as triggers on certain eating behaviors that mostly predispose to an obesogenic manner.
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Trott M, Driscoll R, Irlado E, Pardhan S. Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101452. [PMID: 35615691 PMCID: PMC9122783 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screen time has increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and several correlates have been associated with these increases. These changes, however, have not been aggregated. It was the aim of this review to (a) aggregate changes in screen time in adults and children, and (b) report on variables in relation to screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review of major databases was undertaken for studies published from inception to 06/12/2021, using a pre-published protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021261422). Studies reporting (a) screen time pre-versus-during the pandemic, (b) screen time percentage change, or (c) correlates of screen time during the pandemic were included. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken with subgroup analysis by age group and type of screen time. FINDINGS After review, 89 studies (n = 204,734; median age=20·6; median female=53·3%) were included. The majority of studies were cross-sectional. With regards to total screen time, primary aged children (6-10 years) reported largest increases (1·4 hrs/day; 95%CI 1·1-1·7), followed by adults (>18 years; 1·0 hrs/day; 95%CI 0·7-1·2), adolescents (11-17 years; 0·9 hrs/day; 95%CI 0·3-1·5), and young children (0-5 years; 0·6 hrs/day 95%CI 0·3-0·9 hrs/day). For leisure screen time (non-work/non-academic), primary aged children reported largest increases (1·0 hrs/day 95%CI 0·8-1·3), followed by adults (0·7hr/day 95%CI 0·3-1·2), young children (0·6 hrs/day; 95%CI 0·4-0·8), with adolescents reporting the lowest increase (0·5 hrs/day 95%CI 0·3-0·7). Several correlates were associated with reported increases in screen time, including adverse dietary behaviours, sleep, mental health, parental health, and eye health. INTERPRETATION Pooled evidence suggest that primary aged children reported the highest increase in both total and leisure screen time during COVID-19. It is recommended that screen time should be reduced in favour of non-sedentary activities. This study has the potential to inform public health policy and future guidance regarding screen time, and to inform future research in this area. FUNDING No funding was received for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Trott
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Robin Driscoll
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Enrico Irlado
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge CB1 2LZ, UK
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16
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Mayra ST, Kandiah J, McIntosh CE. COVID-19 and health in children and adolescents in the US: A narrative systematic review. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22723. [PMID: 35572171 PMCID: PMC9088696 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated nationwide closures of kindergarten through twelfth grade (K-12) schools. Stay-at-home orders and social distancing mandates were also implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the existing literature on how COVID-19 impacted K-12 students' eating patterns, physical activity, and sleep in the United States. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search was conducted between October and December 2021. Inclusion criteria were studies focused on COVID-19 and eating patterns, physical activity, and sleep in students enrolled in K-12 schools since March 2020. International studies were excluded. Mixed findings were observed for eating patterns whereby the consumption of unhealthful savory and sweet items and healthful snacks (e.g., fruit and vegetables) increased. Reductions in physical activity and disrupted sleep routines were also observed. Heterogeneity in methodological procedures may limit the generalizability of these findings. In the United States, preliminary data suggest that select health-promoting behaviors were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that prolonged unhealthful eating patterns, physical inactivity, and poor sleep contribute to chronic disease risk, initiatives that increase health-promoting behaviors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selicia T. Mayra
- Department of Nutrition and Health ScienceBall State UniversityMuncieIndianaUSA
| | - Jayanthi Kandiah
- Department of Nutrition and Health ScienceBall State UniversityMuncieIndianaUSA
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Beck AL, Huang JC, Lendzion L, Fernandez A, Martinez S. Weight Gain during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a High-Risk Cohort of Children in San Francisco, CA. Child Obes 2022; 18:143-146. [PMID: 34619035 PMCID: PMC8892969 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic mitigation measures may lead to excess weight gain in children. Our objective was to assess weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic in children of ages 4-12 years with overweight and obesity in San Francisco, CA. Children with BMI ≥85th percentile measured at a clinic visit from January to March 2020 were recruited. Follow-up BMI measurements were obtained between October 2020 and March 2021 from the electronic medical record or through a video study visit. Pre- and post-BMI measurements were obtained on n = 91 participants. The majority were Latino (85%) and publicly insured (91%). Mean monthly weight gain was 0.73 kg [standard deviation (SD) 0.47], equivalent to yearly weight gain of 8.8 kg. Mean monthly change in BMI z-score was 0.02 (SD 0.04) equivalent to yearly increase in BMI-z of 0.24. Weight gain among children in San Francisco with overweight and obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic far exceeded healthy weight gain for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Address correspondence to: Amy L. Beck, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John C. Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Lendzion
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzanna Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Rossi L, Behme N, Breuer C. Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111440. [PMID: 34769956 PMCID: PMC8583307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To counteract the COVIC-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced social distancing measures. While these restrictions helped contain the virus, it had adverse effects on individuals’ mental and physical health—especially children. The aim of the present study is to review the evidence on the effects of COVID-19 restrictions on children’s physical activity and their determinants. A scoping review was conducted in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, and BISp-Surf. Inclusion criteria were empirical and peer-reviewed studies, youth samples, investigation of COVID-19 restrictions, and investigating changes and/or determinants of physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk of bias was assessed using the checklist by Downs and Black. The search resulted in 1672 studies, of which 84 studies were included in the analysis. The results highlighted a decrease in physical activity during the pandemic, ranging between −10.8 min/day and −91 min/day. If an increase was detected, it related to unstructured and outdoor activities. The main determinants of children’s physical activity during the pandemic were age, gender, socioeconomic background, and the outdoor environment. The results imply that governments need to consider the negative effects that restrictive measures have on children’s physical activity and act to ensure high levels of physical activity.
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Natural Dietary and Medicinal Plants with Anti-Obesity Therapeutics Activities for Treatment and Prevention of Obesity during Lock Down and in Post-COVID-19 Era. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have become global epidemics, especially during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential of medicinal plants as a better and safe option in treating obesity and overweight has gained attention in recent years. Obesity and overweight has become a major public health concern, and its incidence rising at an alarming rate. Obesity is one of the major types of metabolic syndrome, resulting in various types of problems such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and excess fat accumulation. The current searching was done by the keywords in main indexing systems including Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, the search engine of Google Scholar, and Institute for Scientific Web of Science. The keywords were traditional medicine, health benefits, pharmaceutical science, pomegranate, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagitannins. Google Scholar was searched manually for possible missing manuscripts, and there was no language restriction in the search. This review was carried out to highlight the importance of medicinal plants which are common in traditional medicinal sciences of different countries, especially Asia to prevent and treatment of obesity and overweight during the global pandemic and the post-COVID-19 era.
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Štveráková T, Jačisko J, Busch A, Šafářová M, Kolář P, Kobesová A. The impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity of Czech children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254244. [PMID: 34237088 PMCID: PMC8266068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and related restrictions (closed schools and sports centers, social isolation, masks) may have a negative impact on children's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) of Czech children during COVID-19 in autumn 2020. METHODS Ninety-eight Czech children (mean age = 10.1 ± 1.47 years) completed the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Czech Children (PAQ-C/cz) during COVID lockdown. Data were compared with previously published norms. Thirty-five children also reported daily number of steps measured by accelerometers. RESULTS Total PAQ-C score was 0.38 lower during COVID compared to Pre-COVID [t(302) = 5.118., p < .001]. The male PAQ-C total score was 0.37 lower [t(146) = 3.21., p = .002)] and the female total score was 0.39 lower [t(154) = 3.97., p < .001] during COVID compared to Pre-COVID. Specifically, responses of PA during spare time, before-school, physical education (PE), and recess were significantly lower during COVID. The average number of steps was 7.767 steps/day (boys = 9.255; girls = 6.982). CONCLUSION COVID lockdown resulted in significant reduction of PA in Czech children. Strategies to promote adequate PA of children during the pandemic need to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Štveráková
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Postgraduate Medical School, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jačisko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Postgraduate Medical School, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Busch
- Health and Human Kinetics, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcela Šafářová
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Postgraduate Medical School, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kolář
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Postgraduate Medical School, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kobesová
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Postgraduate Medical School, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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