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Silva C, Moreira P, Moreira DS, Rafael F, Rodrigues A, Leite Â, Lopes S, Moreira D. Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Young Adults and Adults: A Systematic Literature Review. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:461-481. [PMID: 38921705 PMCID: PMC11206640 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations have shown the different impacts that ACEs have on an individual's adult life, on both physical and mental health, but they have not yet shown the issue of the influence of ACEs on adults and young adults. Objective/Participants and Setting: This systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA norms and guidelines, intended to understand the most frequent outcomes of adverse childhood experiences in the life of young adults and adults. METHODS Studies were identified through multiple literature search databases at EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and PubMed April 2023, and a total of 279 studies, published between 1999 and 2002, were excluded, 256 because of multiple factors: being duplicates, showing statistical analysis with correlations only, being systematic reviews or case studies, comprising individuals under the age of 18, and not meeting the intended theme; ultimately, we selected for the review a total of 23 studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The impacts of the various articles are subdivided into three main themes: antisocial and criminal behaviour; sexual Behaviour and intimate partner violence; and attachment, quality of life, and therapeutic alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Silva
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.M.); (A.R.); (Â.L.)
| | - Patrícia Moreira
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.M.); (A.R.); (Â.L.)
| | - Diana Sá Moreira
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto—IPNP Health, 4100-136 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Rafael
- School of Education, The Polytechnic Institute of Oporto (IPP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Anabela Rodrigues
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.M.); (A.R.); (Â.L.)
| | - Ângela Leite
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.M.); (A.R.); (Â.L.)
| | - Sílvia Lopes
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.M.); (A.R.); (Â.L.)
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- Centre for Philosophical and Humanistic Studies, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Braga, Portugal; (C.S.); (P.M.); (A.R.); (Â.L.)
- Institute of Psychology and Neuropsychology of Porto—IPNP Health, 4100-136 Porto, Portugal;
- Centro de Solidariedade de Braga/Projecto Homem, R. do Alcaide 31, 4700-024 Braga, Portugal
- Observatory Permanent Violence and Crime (OPVC), FP-I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and CPUP—Center for Psychology at University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Al-Shoaibi AAA, Iyra P, Raney JH, Ganson KT, Dooley EE, Testa A, Jackson DB, Gabriel KP, Baker FC, Nagata JM. Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Adolescent Physical Activity in the United States. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:662-668. [PMID: 37898383 PMCID: PMC11045661 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in a population-based, demographically diverse cohort of 9-14-year-olds and to determine which subtypes of ACEs were associated with physical activity levels. METHODS We analyzed data (n = 7046) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 4.0 release at baseline and year 2 follow-up. ACE (cumulative score and subtypes) and physical activity (average Fitbit daily steps assessed at Year 2) were analyzed using linear regression analyses. Covariates included race and ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, body mass index, study site, twins/siblings, and data collection period. RESULTS Adjusted models suggest an inverse association between number of ACEs and Fitbit daily steps, with ≥4 (compared to 0) ACEs associated with 567 fewer daily steps (95% CI -902.2, -232.2). Of the ACEs subtypes, emotional abuse (B = -719.3, 95% CI -1430.8, -7.9), physical neglect (B = -423.7, 95% CI -752.8, -94.6), household mental illness (B = -317.1, 95% CI -488.3, -145.9), and household divorce or separation (B = -275.4, 95% CI -521.5, -29.2) were inversely and statistically significant associated with Fitbit daily steps after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is an inverse, dose-dependent relationship between cumulative number of ACEs and physical activity as measured by daily steps. This work highlights the importance of screening for ACEs among young people at an early age to help identify those who could benefit from interventions or community programs that support increased physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr A A Al-Shoaibi
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Puja Iyra
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Julia H Raney
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work (KT Ganson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology (EE Dooley and KP Gabriel), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management (A Testa), Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population (DB Jackson), Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kelley P Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology (EE Dooley and KP Gabriel), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences (FC Baker), SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif; School of Physiology (FC Baker), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
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Crawford AD, McGlothen-Bell K, Testa A, McGrath JM, Cleveland L. Exploration of the effects of incarceration on the health of Latina women and their children using the life course theory. Public Health Nurs 2024; 41:264-273. [PMID: 38129292 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use the Life Course Theory (LCT) to explore the effects of involvement with the justice system on the health of Latina women and their children. DESIGN A supplementary analysis was conducted using data collected from the original study to answer a new research question. SETTING South Central Texas. PARTICIPANTS A primary qualitative data set from 12 Latina women involved with the justice system. METHODS We applied LCT principles and used thematic content analysis as such we employed categoric distinction: lifespan development, time and place in individuals' lives, the timing of lives, human agency, and linked lives to analyze participants' narratives. RESULTS Five themes emerged that aligned with LCT principles: (1) It feels like I'm living in my own prison; (2) What do I have to live for now; (3) It is like double punishment; (4) They made my choices; and (5) People didn't really understand. Participants felt helpless with few options to overcome their prior adversities, which affected their ability to make positive future choices. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the potential, long-term, negative health consequences that may result from incarceration. Considering that justice system involvement can lead to more profound maternal and child health disparities, our findings suggest that greater advocacy from the nursing profession would increase accessibility to equitable and respectful maternity and women's health care services. Key points Involvement with the justice system can result in negative health consequences for women and their children. Maternal and child health disparities are often more profound after involvement with the justice system. Greater advocacy is needed from the nursing profession to ensure access to equitable and respectful maternity and women's health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Crawford
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly McGlothen-Bell
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Testa
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jacqueline M McGrath
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa Cleveland
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Testa A, Mungia R, Lee J, Jackson DB, Fahmy C, Neumann A, Samper-Ternent R. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and oral health care use among formerly incarcerated people in the United States. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:158-166.e6. [PMID: 38085198 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formerly incarcerated people report less frequent oral health care use, despite having more substantial oral health problems. This study aimed to determine whether the adoption of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has improved oral health care use among formerly incarcerated people in the United States. METHOD Data were from Wave I (1994-1995), Wave IV (2008), and Wave V (2016-2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 9,108), a nationally representative cohort study in the United States. RESULTS On the basis of the results of multiple logistic regression analysis with interaction terms, the authors found a positive and statistically significant interaction between prior incarceration and living in a state with ACA adoption on past-year oral health care use, net of potential confounding variables (incarceration × ACA: odds ratio, 1.587; 95% CI, 1.043 to 2.414). Substantively, the findings suggest that people with a history of incarceration are less likely to use oral health care, and this disparity is more likely to occur in states without ACA adoption. CONCLUSIONS ACA adoption corresponds with improvements in the receipt of oral health care among formerly incarcerated people. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study builds on prior evidence highlighting that the ACA is beneficial in connecting formerly incarcerated people to health care services and suggests that these benefits may extend to improving access to and use of oral health care.
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Annett J, Tillson M, Walker M, Webster JM, Staton M. Adverse childhood experiences and mental health among incarcerated women: Self-esteem as a mediating mechanism. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106486. [PMID: 37788588 PMCID: PMC10841516 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health problems are interrelated. However, less is known about this relationship in incarcerated women and how self-esteem impacts this relationship. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between ACEs and mental health problems (traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety) in incarcerated women with opioid use disorder (OUD) and, the possible role of self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Incarcerated women (N = 500) were randomly selected from eight Kentucky jails, screened for OUD, and interviewed by research staff. METHODS Regression analyses and mediation models were used to examine the relationship between ACEs, mental health, and self-esteem. RESULTS ACEs were positively correlated with present mental health problems (traumatic stress, r = 0.407, p < .001; depression, r = 0.177, p < .001; and anxiety, r = 0.213, p < .001) and negatively correlated with current self-esteem (r = -0.241, p < .001). Linear regression analyses established that ACEs and self-esteem were significantly related to all three mental health variables of interest. Additionally, self-esteem mediated the relationship between ACEs and mental health. CONCLUSION This study shows that incarcerated women's experiences with ACEs are significantly related to poor mental health. Self-esteem plays a critical role in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaxin Annett
- University of Kentucky College of Education, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 597 S. Upper Street, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Ct., Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Martha Tillson
- University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Ct., Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
| | - Meghan Walker
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, E 1st Ave, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
| | - J Matthew Webster
- University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Ct., Lexington, KY 40506, USA; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, 1100 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Michele Staton
- University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, 643 Maxwelton Ct., Lexington, KY 40506, USA; University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, 1100 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Testa A, Porter LC. Previous Incarceration, Health Insurance, and the Affordable Care Act in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:1034-1041. [PMID: 37380089 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the association between prior incarceration and health insurance status and whether living in a state adopting the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion moderates this relationship. METHODS Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Wave I [1993-1994], Wave IV [2008], and Wave V [2016-2018]; N=8,965). Multiple logistic regression with multiplicative interaction terms were performed to assess the relationship between previous incarceration and ACA Medicaid expansion on (1) being insured and (2) being on public health insurance. Analyses were performed in 2023. RESULTS Findings demonstrate a positive and statistically significant interaction in the association between previous incarceration and living in a state with ACA Medicaid expansion on having public health insurance (OR=2.402; 95% CI=1.257, 4.588). CONCLUSIONS The ACA Medicaid expansion was associated with a greater likelihood of public health insurance coverage for formerly incarcerated persons in the U.S. These findings suggest that Medicaid expansion could be critical in improving health insurance coverage among formerly incarcerated individuals who are a population that is more likely to be uninsured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy & Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Lauren C Porter
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Barnert ES, Schlichte LM, Tolliver DG, La Charite J, Biely C, Dudovitz R, Leifheit K, Russ S, Sastry N, Yama C, Slavich GM, Schickedanz A. Parents' Adverse and Positive Childhood Experiences and Offspring Involvement With the Criminal Legal System. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2339648. [PMID: 37878312 PMCID: PMC10600584 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Intergenerational cycles of adversity likely increase one's risk of criminal legal system involvement, yet associations with potential contributors, such as parents' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and positive childhood experiences (PCEs), have not been explored. Objective To investigate the association of parents' ACEs and PCEs with their adult children's involvement in US legal systems, from arrest to conviction. Design, Setting, and Participants The study team analyzed data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), a nationally representative cohort study of families in the US. PSID-2013 survey data were merged with the 2014 PSID Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS), collected May 2014 to January 2015, which asked adults aged 18 to 97 years to retrospectively report on their childhood experiences. Parents and their adult children were linked in the data set. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to September 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The child arrest outcome was regressed on parents' ACE and PCE scores using logistic regression models. In addition, multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of parents' ACE and PCE scores with the number of times their child was arrested and convicted. Results Of 12 985 eligible individuals, 8072 completed the CRCS. Among CRCS participants, there were 1854 eligible parent-child dyads (ie, parents and their adult children) that formed the analytic sample. The mean (SD) age of offspring at the time of CRCS completion was 38.5 (10.9) years, and 1076 offspring (51.3%) were female. Having 4 or more parental ACEs was associated with 1.91-fold (95% CI, 1.14-3.22) higher adjusted odds of arrest before age 26 and 3.22-fold (95% CI, 1.62-6.40) higher adjusted odds of conviction before age 26 years, compared with children of parents without ACEs. These associations persisted after controlling for parental PCEs. Conclusions and Relevance In this nationally representative study, children of parents with higher ACEs were at greater risk of arrest during adolescence and young adulthood, even after controlling for parents' PCEs. Addressing and preventing childhood adversity through multigenerational life course approaches may help disrupt intergenerational pathways to the criminal legal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lindsay M. Schlichte
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Destiny G. Tolliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaime La Charite
- Department of General Internal Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Biely
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kathryn Leifheit
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shirley Russ
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Narayan Sastry
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Cecile Yama
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Adam Schickedanz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Janczewski C, Mersky J, Plummer Lee C. Intergenerational transmission of child protective services involvement: Exploring the role of ACEs and domestic violence among families who receive home visiting services. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106384. [PMID: 37542996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative outcomes over the life course and across generations, including domestic violence (DV) and child maltreatment. However, no studies have examined the connection between parents' ACEs and their child's risk of child protective services (CPS) involvement or possible mechanisms of transmission. OBJECTIVE In addition to describing the prevalence and correlates of CPS involvement, our primary aims are to test whether parental adversity in childhood is associated with CPS involvement and whether DV victimization mediates the ACE-CPS association. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 3039 primary caregivers and 3343 children served by home visiting programs in Wisconsin between 2014 and 2019. METHODS Using matched home visiting and CPS records, we generated prevalence estimates of screened-in CPS reports and assessed bivariate associations between CPS involvement and ACEs, DV, and household demographics. We then conducted a two-stage path analysis to test the association between ACEs and CPS involvement and whether DV mediated the ACE-CPS association. RESULTS Overall, 22.8 % of caregivers had a screened-in report. Prevalence rates were higher among women who endured ACEs and DV, and they varied by demographic characteristics. ACEs were directly linked to DV and CPS involvement, and there was an indirect pathway linking ACEs to CPS involvement through DV exposure. CONCLUSIONS Home visiting programs serve families that frequently interact with the child welfare system. By enhancing the trauma-responsive potential of these interventions, it may be possible to interrupt intergenerational mechanisms that contribute to child abuse and neglect and CPS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Janczewski
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America.
| | - Joshua Mersky
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - CheinTi Plummer Lee
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
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Mendoza ID, Banda JA, Giano Z, Hubach RD. Association between adverse childhood experiences and fruit and vegetable intake among a national sample of U.S. adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102339. [PMID: 37576841 PMCID: PMC10413147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the role adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have on specific diet patterns. This study assessed the association between ACEs and daily fruit and vegetable intake (FVI). Data were derived from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) which surveys 50 states and three U.S. territories. Participants who completed the ACEs module were included in the analyses (N = 106,967). Total ACEs included the summed responses from the domains of abuse, household challenges, and neglect. FVI was reported by number of times consumed per day. The two fruit items included fruit (fresh, frozen, and canned) and fruit juice. The four vegetable items included leafy greens, fried potatoes, non-fried potatoes, and other vegetables. All fruit and vegetable items were analyzed separately to see which specific items drove the relationship between total ACEs and total FVI, equaling a total of 8 regression models. Every model controlled for poor mental health days, sex, age, ethnicity, income, body mass index, and physical activity. Total ACEs were positively associated with daily intake of fried potatoes (β = 0.008, p =.025), other potatoes (β = 0.008, p =.049), and other vegetables (β = 0.024, p <.001). Total ACEs were negatively associated with daily intake of fruit (β = -0.016, p <.001). ACEs had non-significant relationships with leafy greens and fruit juice. Findings suggests that those with increased ACEs scores report increased consumption of fried potatoes, non-fried potatoes, and other vegetables, and less of fruit. Findings highlight the need for understanding food context and preparation when analyzing the relationship between ACEs and diet intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan D. Mendoza
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, 812 W State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jorge A. Banda
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, 812 W State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zachary Giano
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Randolph D. Hubach
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, 812 W State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Bellis MA, Hughes K, Cresswell K, Ford K. Comparing relationships between single types of adverse childhood experiences and health-related outcomes: a combined primary data study of eight cross-sectional surveys in England and Wales. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072916. [PMID: 37068903 PMCID: PMC10111913 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) show strong cumulative associations with ill-health across the life course. Harms can arise even in those exposed to a single ACE type but few studies examine such exposure. For individuals experiencing a single ACE type, we examine which ACEs are most strongly related to different health harms. DESIGN Secondary analysis of combined data from eight cross-sectional general population ACE surveys. SETTING Households in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS 20 556 residents aged 18-69 years. MEASURES Ten self-reported outcomes were examined: smoking, cannabis use, binge drinking, obesity, sexually transmitted infection, teenage pregnancy, mental well-being, violence perpetration, violence victimisation and incarceration. Adjusted ORs and percentage changes in outcomes were calculated for each type of ACE exposure. RESULTS Significance and magnitude of associations between each ACE and outcome varied. Binge drinking was associated with childhood verbal abuse (VA), parental separation (PS) and household alcohol problem (AP), while obesity was linked to sexual abuse (SA) and household mental illness. SA also showed the biggest increase in cannabis use (25.5% vs 10.8%, no ACEs). Household AP was the ACE most strongly associated with violence and incarceration. PS was associated with teenage pregnancy (9.1% vs 3.7%, no ACEs) and 5 other outcomes. VA was associated with 7 of the 10 outcomes examined. CONCLUSION Exposure to a single ACE increases risks of poorer outcomes across health-harming behaviours, sexual health, mental well-being and criminal domains. Toxic stress can arise from ACEs such as physical and SA but other more prevalent ACEs (eg, VA, PS) may also contribute substantively to poorer life course health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bellis
- Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Investment in Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, UK
| | - Karen Hughes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Investment in Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Wrexham, UK
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Katie Cresswell
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Kat Ford
- Public Health Collaborating Unit, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Kent H, Kirby A, Leckie G, Cornish R, Hogarth L, Williams WH. Looked after children in prison as adults: life adversity and neurodisability. Int J Prison Health 2023; 19:512-523. [PMID: 36689249 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-08-2022-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Looked after children (LAC) are criminalised at five times the rate of children in the general population. Children in contact with both child welfare and child justice systems have higher rates of neurodisability and substance use problems, and LAC in general have high rates of school exclusion, homelessness and unemployment. This study aims to understand whether these factors persist in LAC who are in prison as adults. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Administrative data collected by the Do-IT profiler screening tool in a prison in Wales, UK, were analysed to compare sentenced prisoners who were LAC (n = 631) to sentenced prisoners who were not LAC (n = 2,201). The sample comprised all prisoners who were screened on entry to prison in a two-year period. FINDINGS Prisoners who were LAC scored more poorly on a functional screener for neurodisability (effect size = 0.24), and on four self-report measures capturing traits of dyslexia (0.22), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (0.40), autism spectrum disorders (0.34) and developmental co-ordination disorder (0.33). Prisoners who were LAC were more likely to have been to a pupil referral unit (0.24), have substance use problems (0.16), be homeless or marginally housed (0.18) and be unemployed or unable to work due to disability (0.13). ORIGINALITY/VALUE This study uniquely contributes to our understanding of prisoners who were LAC as a target group for intervention and support with re-integration into the community upon release. LAC in prison as adults may require additional interventions to help with employment, housing and substance use. Education programmes in prison should screen for neurodisability, to develop strategies to support engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Kent
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Amanda Kirby
- Dyscovery Centre, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - George Leckie
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rosie Cornish
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lee Hogarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - W Huw Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Testa A, Jackson DB, Vaughn MG, Ganson KT, Nagata JM. Adverse Childhood Experiences, health insurance status, and health care utilization in middle adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115194. [PMID: 36283330 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact health over the life-course. Yet, compared to the robust literature on the consequences for ACEs for health, substantially fewer studies assess the implications of exposure to ACEs for health insurance status and health care utilization in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between accumulating ACEs and (1) an individual's health insurance status, and (2) usual source of care, as well as examine the mediating role of adult socioeconomic status. METHODS Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 8,757). Multinomial logistic regression is used to assess the relationship between ACEs and health insurance status and the usual source of care. RESULTS Net of control and mediating variables, accumulating exposure to ACEs -particularly four or more ACEs- is associated with a higher likelihood of being uninsured and utilizing the emergency room as the usual source of care. Adult socioeconomic status including educational attainment, household income, employment status, and being uninsured-in the case of usual source of care-substantially mediates these associations. CONCLUSION ACEs carry negative repercussions for health insurance and patterns of healthcare utilization that spans into adulthood, and this is largely driven by poor adult socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- College for Public Health and Social Justice Saint Louis University, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Clark KA, Harvey TD, Hughto JM, Meyer IH. Mental Health Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Incarcerated in Juvenile Corrections. Pediatrics 2022; 150:e2022058158. [PMID: 36385576 PMCID: PMC9724172 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-058158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined differences by sexual and gender minority (SGM) and incarceration statuses in mental health indicators among youth. METHODS Population-based, cross-sectional data are from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (N = 72 324) and includes public school students (Mage = 15.49) and youth incarcerated in juvenile correctional facilities (Mage = 15.48). We categorized youth into 4 groups: (1) non-SGM youth in public schools, (2) non-SGM youth in correctional facilities, (3) SGM youth in public schools, and (4) SGM youth in correctional facilities. Multivariable regression models assessed associations among SGM and incarceration statuses and mental health indicators after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to adverse childhood experiences. RESULTS More youth in juvenile correctional facilities identified as SGM (28.8%) compared with youth in public schools (20.4%, P = .002). SGM youth in correctional facilities reported a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (42.2%), suicide attempt (37.5%), and self-harm (57.8%) compared with all other groups. Depressive symptom severity was similarly elevated among SGM youth in correctional facilities and SGM youth in public schools. SGM youth in correctional facilities, compared with non-SGM youth in public schools, demonstrated elevated odds of suicide ideation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.3-3.9), suicide attempt (aOR = 6.3, 95% CI = 3.6-10.9), and self-harm (aOR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.1-6.3). CONCLUSIONS Incarcerated SGM youth disproportionately experience negative mental health indicators. Findings suggest that tailored, intersectional, and responsive mental health interventions are needed to support incarcerated SGM youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health, and Society, Program in Public Policy Studies
- LGBTQ+ Policy Lab, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tyler D. Harvey
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jaclyn M.W. Hughto
- Departments of Behavioral and Social Sciences, and Epidemiology, School of Public Health
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ilan H. Meyer
- Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, Los Angeles, California
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Pettus C, Renn T, Tripodi S, Tamburri S. Study protocol paper for the multisite randomized controlled trial of comprehensive trauma informed reentry services for moderate to high-risk young males releasing from state prisons. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 117:106766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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