1
|
Damme KSF, Ristanovic I, Mittal VA. Reduced hippocampal volume unmasks distinct impacts of cumulative adverse childhood events (ACEs) on psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 169:107149. [PMID: 39128397 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Stress is associated with increased vulnerability to psychosis, yet the mechanisms that contribute to these effects are poorly understood. Substantial literature has linked reduced hippocampal volume to both psychosis risk and early life stress. However, less work has explored the direct and indirect effects of stress on psychosis through the hippocampus in preclinical samples- when vulnerability for psychosis is accumulating. The current paper leverages the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study sample to examine whether objective psychosocial stressors, specifically adverse childhood experiences (ACE), are linked to vulnerability for psychosis, measured by psychotic-like experiences (PLE) severity, in late childhood and early adolescence, both directly and indirectly through the deleterious effects of stress on the hippocampus. Baseline data from 11,728 individuals included previously examined and validated items to assess ACE exposure, hippocampal volume, and PLE severity - a developmentally appropriate metric of risk for psychosis. Objective psychosocial stress exposure in childhood was associated with elevated PLE severity during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Hippocampal volume was significantly reduced in individuals with greater PLE severity and greater childhood stress exposure compared to peers with low symptoms or low stress exposure. These findings are consistent with a hippocampal vulnerability model of psychosis risk. Stress exposure may cumulatively impact hippocampal volume and may also reflect a direct pathway of psychosis risk. Objective psychosocial stress should be considered as a treatment target that may impact neurodevelopment and psychosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ivanka Ristanovic
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagata JM, Cheng CM, Shim J, Kiss O, Ganson KT, Testa A, He J, Baker FC. Bedtime Screen Use Behaviors and Sleep Outcomes in Early Adolescents: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Adolesc Health 2024:S1054-139X(24)00289-1. [PMID: 39046391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine prospective associations between bedtime screen use behaviors and sleep outcomes one year later in a national study of early adolescents in the United States. METHODS We analyzed prospective cohort data from 9,398 early adolescents aged 11-12 years (48.4% female, 45% racial/ethnic minority) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Years 2-3, 2018-2021). Regression analyses examined the associations between self-reported bedtime screen use (Year 2) and sleep variables (Year 3; self-reported sleep duration; caregiver-reported sleep disturbance), adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and sleep variables (Year 2). RESULTS Having a television or Internet-connected electronic device in the bedroom was prospectively associated with shorter sleep duration one year later. Adolescents who left their phone ringer activated overnight had greater odds of experiencing sleep disturbance and experienced shorter sleep duration one year later, compared to those who turned off their phones at bedtime. Talking/texting on the phone, listening to music, and using social media were all prospectively associated with shorter sleep duration, greater overall sleep disturbance, and a higher factor score for disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep one year later. DISCUSSION In early adolescents, several bedtime screen use behaviors are associated with adverse sleep outcomes one year later, including sleep disturbance and shorter weekly sleep duration. Screening for and providing anticipatory guidance on specific bedtime screen behaviors in early adolescents may be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Chloe M Cheng
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Joan Shim
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinbo He
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lewis-de Los Angeles WW. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Sleep in Preadolescents. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:654-661. [PMID: 37748537 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and objective measures of physical activity and sleep. METHODS Data from the baseline and 2-year follow-up of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study were analyzed (n = 6227 for physical activity; n = 4151 for sleep). ACEs were assessed by parent report at baseline (mean age 9.9 years) with 3 levels: none, exposure to 1 ACE, and exposure to 2 or more ACEs. Objective measures of physical activity and sleep were assessed with an accelerometer at 2-year follow-up (mean age 11.9 years). Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between ACEs and physical activity as well as sleep, adjusting for family income and sex. RESULTS Compared to children with no ACEs, children with ACEs had fewer daily steps: 1 ACE (β = -323 (95% CI: -508 to -138), P < .001) and 2 or more ACEs (β = -417 (95% CI: -624 to -209), P < .001). ACEs were also associated with shorter sleep duration (minutes), although only for participants with 2 or more ACEs (1 ACE: β = -2.2 (-5.3 to 0.8), P = .16; 2 or more ACEs: β = -6.2 (95% CI: -9.6 to -2.7), P < .001). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep specifically was reduced in participants with ACEs (1 ACE (β = -1.4 (-2.7 to -0.01), P = .05) and 2 or more ACEs (β = -2.3 (-3.8 to -0.8), P = .003). CONCLUSIONS There is a dose-response relationship between ACEs and reduced daily steps, total sleep duration, and REM sleep in preadolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William W Lewis-de Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, Riverside, RI.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Shoaibi AAA, Iyra P, Raney JH, Ganson KT, Dooley EE, Testa A, Jackson DB, Gabriel KP, Baker FC, Nagata JM. Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early Adolescent Physical Activity in the United States. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:662-668. [PMID: 37898383 PMCID: PMC11045661 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and objectively-measured physical activity (PA) in a population-based, demographically diverse cohort of 9-14-year-olds and to determine which subtypes of ACEs were associated with physical activity levels. METHODS We analyzed data (n = 7046) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 4.0 release at baseline and year 2 follow-up. ACE (cumulative score and subtypes) and physical activity (average Fitbit daily steps assessed at Year 2) were analyzed using linear regression analyses. Covariates included race and ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, body mass index, study site, twins/siblings, and data collection period. RESULTS Adjusted models suggest an inverse association between number of ACEs and Fitbit daily steps, with ≥4 (compared to 0) ACEs associated with 567 fewer daily steps (95% CI -902.2, -232.2). Of the ACEs subtypes, emotional abuse (B = -719.3, 95% CI -1430.8, -7.9), physical neglect (B = -423.7, 95% CI -752.8, -94.6), household mental illness (B = -317.1, 95% CI -488.3, -145.9), and household divorce or separation (B = -275.4, 95% CI -521.5, -29.2) were inversely and statistically significant associated with Fitbit daily steps after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is an inverse, dose-dependent relationship between cumulative number of ACEs and physical activity as measured by daily steps. This work highlights the importance of screening for ACEs among young people at an early age to help identify those who could benefit from interventions or community programs that support increased physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr A A Al-Shoaibi
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Puja Iyra
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Julia H Raney
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work (KT Ganson), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Department of Epidemiology (EE Dooley and KP Gabriel), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management (A Testa), Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population (DB Jackson), Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kelley P Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology (EE Dooley and KP Gabriel), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences (FC Baker), SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif; School of Physiology (FC Baker), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (AAA Al-shoaibi, P Iyra, JH Raney, and JM Nagata), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raney JH, Weinstein S, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Pantell M, Glidden DV, Brindis CD, Nagata JM. Mental Well-Being Among Adversity-Exposed Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242076. [PMID: 38477919 PMCID: PMC10938185 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Further research is needed to understand factors associated with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Objective To explore factors associated with improved mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who have experienced ACEs. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the baseline (2016-2018) and sixth (March 2021) COVID Rapid Response Research (RRR) surveys of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, which includes 21 sites across the US. Adolescents aged 11 to 15 years who completed the COVID RRR mental health measures were included. Data analyses were conducted from June to August 2023. Exposures School-based factors (eg, in-person school) and 8 coping behaviors (eg, exercise). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were adolescent-reported positive affect (PA) and perceived stress (PS). Adolescents were stratified by no ACEs, low-to-intermediate ACEs (1-3), and high ACEs (≥4). Linear regressions estimated associations between factors and mental health, adjusting for potential confounders. Unstandardized beta coefficients (B) were compared with equality of coefficients tests. Results The 4515 adolescents in this study (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [0.88] years; 51% [95% CI, 50% to 53%] female) were racially and ethnically diverse (American Indian/Alaska Native, 2% [95% CI, 2% to 3%]; Asian, 8% [95% CI, 7% to 9%]; Black, 11% [95% CI, 10% to 12%]; Latino or Hispanic, 17% [95% CI, 15% to 18%]; White, 61% [95% CI, 60% to 63%]; other, 1% [95% CI, 0% to 2%]). For youths with high ACEs, caring for one's body (PA B = 4.02 [95% CI, 1.39 to 6.66]; PS B = -0.92 [95% CI, -1.84 to 0.00]), exercising (PA B = 3.19 [95% CI, 0.46 to 5.92]; PS B = -1.41 [95% CI, -2.40 to -0.43]), and engaging in healthy behaviors (PA B = 4.07 [95% CI, 1.28 to 6.84]; PS B = -1.01 [95% CI, -1.98 to -0.05]) were associated with higher PA and lower PS scores. In-person schooling had a greater impact on PA scores for youths with high ACEs (B = 5.55 [95% CI, 2.08 to 9.01]) than youths with low-to-intermediate ACEs (B = 1.27 [95% CI, 0.27 to 2.27]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that in-person schooling and several coping behaviors (caring for one's body, exercising, and engaging in healthy behaviors) were associated with significantly higher PA and lower PS during the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents with high ACEs. Adolescents with high ACEs demonstrated especially greater mental health scores when they reported in-person schooling. Future studies should build on these findings to identify clinical and school-based mental health protective factors for adolescents with high ACE risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia H. Raney
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Pantell
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - David V. Glidden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Claire D. Brindis
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jason M. Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trompeter N, Testa A, Raney JH, Jackson DB, Al-Shoaibi AAA, Ganson KT, Shao IY, Nagata JM. The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), Bullying Victimization, and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among Early Adolescents: Examining Cumulative and Interactive Associations. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:744-752. [PMID: 38066316 PMCID: PMC10838217 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Both adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and bullying victimization are linked with mental health problems in adolescents. However, little is known about the overlap between the two factors and how this impacts adolescent mental health problems (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems). The current study analyzed data from 8,085 participants (47.7% female; 44.1% racial/ethnic minority) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, baseline (2016-2018, ages 9-10 years) to Year 2. Regression analyses were used to estimate associations between ACEs, bullying victimization and mental health problems, respectively, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, household income, parental education, and study site. The findings showed that both ACEs and bullying victimization were independently associated with higher internalizing and higher externalizing problems. However, no significant interaction was found between ACEs and bullying victimization. Overall, the results align with the cumulative risk model of adversity, linking cumulative ACEs and bullying victimization to internalizing and externalizing problems in early adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Trompeter
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julia H Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abubakr A A Al-Shoaibi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iris Yuefan Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li R, Lopez DA, Gupta M, Palermo TM. Pubertal development and pain incidence and characteristics in children: a 1-year prospective cohort study of a national sample. Pain 2023; 164:2725-2736. [PMID: 37343155 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sex differences in pain become apparent during puberty. However, the influence of key pubertal characteristics and pubertal hormones on pain is largely unknown. We examined the prospective associations between self-reported and hormone-indicated pubertal characteristics and pain incidence and severity in 10- to 11-year-old pain-free youth in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study over 1 year. Puberty was measured at baseline and follow-up with self-report (Pubertal Development Scale [PDS]) and hormonal assessment (salivary dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], testosterone, and estradiol). Pain status (yes/no), intensity, and interference (0-10 numerical rating scale) in the past month were self-reported at follow-up. Pubertal maturity, progression, and asynchrony were examined in relation to pain onset and severity through confounder-adjusted generalized estimating equations modified Poisson and linear mixed regression models. Among 6631 pain-free youth at baseline, 1-year incident pain was 30.7%. In both sexes, higher PDS scores were associated with greater risk of pain onset (relative risk [RR] = 1.10 to 1.27, P s < 0.01). In boys, higher PDS item variance was associated with greater pain incidence (RR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.03-1.20) and interference (beta = 0.40, 95% CI, 0.03-0.76); higher PDS overall and gonadal scores were associated with higher pain intensity ( P s < 0.05). Associations with hormones were seen in boys only, with each 10-fold higher testosterone levels associated with a 40% lower risk of pain incidence (95% CI, -55% to -22%) and 1.30-point lower (95% CI, -2.12 to -0.48) pain intensity, and higher DHEA levels were associated with lower pain intensity ( P = 0.020). Relationships between pubertal development and pain in peripubertal adolescents are sex specific and puberty measurement specific and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel A Lopez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Meenal Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tonya M Palermo
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aydogan Z, Binay-Bolat K, Ocak E, Tokgoz-Yilmaz S. The effect of screen time on hearing and balance in 6-16 aged children. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:965-970. [PMID: 38197860 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2296556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in screen time and the decrease in physical- activity cause balance problems as well as many systemic handicaps. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effect of screen time on balance and the effect of headphone usage time on hearing. METHOD Thirty-four individuals aged 6-16 years who applied to our clinic with complaints of dizziness and/or balance disorder were included in the study. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to their screen time: Group 1 (4-8 h/day) and Group2(>8 h/day). The other two groups are grouped according to headphone usage time as Group A (2-4 h/day) and Group B (>4hours/day). Pure-tone audiometry, extended high frequency-audiometry, Videonystagmography (VNG) and Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) tests and Pediatric Berg Balance Scale and Visual Analogue Scale were applied to all individuals. CDP scores and pure tone hearing thresholds between groups were compared. RESULTS A significant difference was observed between Group 1 and Group 2 according to the CDP test (visual, vestibular and composite scores), and according to the VAS-dizziness and PBS (p ≤ .05). Pure tone average and pure tone thresholds at high frequencies were compared between Group A and Group B according to headphone usage time. Pure tone thresholds of Group B were worse at high frequencies than Group A (p ≤ .05). CONCLUSIONS It has been observed that prolonged screen time may cause balance impairment in children and prolonged use of headphones may affect high-frequency hearing thresholds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Aydogan
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Audiology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kübra Binay-Bolat
- Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology, Balance and Speech Pathology Unit, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Ocak
- Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, İbni Sina Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Audiology, Balance and Speech Pathology Unit, Ankara University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buhr TJ, Reed CH, Wee OM, Lee JH, Yuan LL, Fleshner M, Valentine RJ, Clark PJ. The persistence of stress-induced physical inactivity in rats: an investigation of central monoamine neurotransmitters and skeletal muscle oxidative stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1169151. [PMID: 37273279 PMCID: PMC10237271 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1169151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sedentary lifestyles have reached epidemic proportions world-wide. A growing body of literature suggests that exposures to adverse experiences (e.g., psychological traumas) are a significant risk factor for the development of physically inactive lifestyles. However, the biological mechanisms linking prior stress exposure and persistent deficits in physical activity engagement remains poorly understood. Methods The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to identify acute stress intensity thresholds that elicit long-term wheel running deficits in rats. To that end, young adult male rats were exposed to a single episode of 0, 50, or 100 uncontrollable tail shocks and then given free access to running wheels for 9 weeks. Second, to identify stress-induced changes to central monoamine neurotransmitters and peripheral muscle physiology that may be maladaptive to exercise output. For this study, rats were either exposed to a single episode of uncontrollable tail shocks (stress) or left undisturbed in home cages (unstressed). Eight days later, monoamine-related neurochemicals were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) across brain reward, motor, and emotion structures immediately following a bout of graded treadmill exercise controlled for duration and intensity. Additionally, protein markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic activity were assessed in the gastrocnemius muscle by Western blot. Results For experiment 1, stress exposure caused a shock number-dependent two to fourfold decrease in wheel running distance across the entire duration of the study. For experiment 2, stress exposure curbed an exercise-induced increase of dopamine (DA) turnover measures in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and augmented serotonin (5HT) turnover in the hypothalamus and remaining cortical area. However, stress exposure also caused several monoaminergic changes independent of exercise that could underlie impaired motivation for physical activity, including a mild dopamine deficiency in the striatal area. Finally, stress potently increased HSP70 and lowered SOD2 protein concentrations in the gastrocnemius muscle, which may indicate prolonged oxidative stress. Discussion These data support some of the possible central and peripheral mechanisms by which exposure to adverse experiences may chronically impair physical activity engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Buhr
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Carter H. Reed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Olivia M. Wee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ji Heun Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Li-Lian Yuan
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Peter J. Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nagata JM, Trompeter N, Singh G, Raney J, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Murray SB, Baker FC. Adverse childhood experiences and early adolescent cyberbullying in the United States. J Adolesc 2023; 95:609-616. [PMID: 36443937 PMCID: PMC10079567 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increasing use of social media and online platforms among adolescents, the relationship between traumatic life events and cyberbullying remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cyberbullying victimization among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of early adolescents. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal data from 10,317 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, baseline (2016-2018, ages 9-10 years) to Year 2. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between ACEs and cyberbullying victimization, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, household income, parental education, and study site. RESULTS In the sample (48.7% female, 46.0% racial/ethnic minority), 81.3% of early adolescents reported at least one ACE, and 9.6% reported cyberbullying victimization. In general, there was a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and cyberbullying victimization, as two (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.85), three (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.57-2.74), and four or more (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.61-3.49) ACEs were associated with cyberbullying victimization in adjusted models. In models examining the specific type of ACE, sexual abuse (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.26-4.11), physical neglect (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.24-2.09), and household mental health problems (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18-1.65) had the strongest associations with cyberbullying victimization. CONCLUSION Adolescents who have experienced ACEs are at greater risk for experiencing cyberbullying. Interventions to prevent cyberbullying could use a trauma-informed framework, including inter-peer interventions to break this cycle of trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 4 Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nora Trompeter
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, 16 University Ave, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gurbinder Singh
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 4 Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia Raney
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 4 Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nagata JM, Smith N, Sajjad OM, Zamora G, Raney JH, Ganson KT, Testa A, Vittinghoff E, Jackson DB. Adverse childhood experiences and sipping alcohol in U.S. Children: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102153. [PMID: 36875509 PMCID: PMC9978032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between accumulating adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sipping alcohol in a large, nationwide sample of 9-to-10-year-old U.S. children. We analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2016-2018). Of 10,853 children (49.1 % female), 23.4 % reported ever sipping alcohol. A greater ACE score was associated with a higher risk of sipping alcohol. Having 4 or more ACEs placed children at 1.27 times the risk (95 % CI 1.11-1.45) of sipping alcohol compared to children with no ACEs. Among the nine distinct ACEs examined, household violence (Risk Ratio [RR] = 1.13, 95 % CI 1.04-1.22) and household alcohol abuse (RR = 1.14, 95 % CI 1.05-1.22) were associated with sipping alcohol during childhood. Our findings indicate a need for increased clinical attention to alcohol sipping among ACE-exposed children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Natalia Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Omar M Sajjad
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Rope Ferry Rd, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Gabriel Zamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia H Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health, Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|