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Paduraru AA, Lupu MA, Sima L, Cozma GV, Olariu SD, Chiriac SD, Totolici BD, Pirvu CA, Lazar F, Nesiu A, Mihu AG, Cumpanas AA, Cretu OM, Olariu TR. Cystic Echinococcosis in Hospitalized Adult Patients from Western Romania: 2007-2022. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2388. [PMID: 37894047 PMCID: PMC10609572 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological features of human cystic echinococcosis in patients from Western Romania. We retrospectively investigated the medical records of patients hospitalized with CE between 1 January 2007 and 1 September 2022. A total of 366 patients (range 18-90 years) were recorded. The number of hospitalized individuals was higher in patients aged 50-59 years (83/366, 22.7%), in females (194/366, 53%), and in residents of rural areas (225/366, 61.5%). The liver was the most common localization of the cysts (302/366, 82.5%). Ninety-eight patients (26.8%) presented complications, including biliary fistula, allergies, and infection of the cyst. Patients with complications had a longer mean hospital stay (15.7 ± 8.3 days) compared to patients without complications (11.5 ± 7.3 days) (p < 0.001). The results of this study revealed that patients diagnosed with CE required hospitalization and extended medical care, indicating that this zoonotic disease remains a significant public health problem in Western Romania. Public health authorities should enhance CE surveillance by implementing control programs and mandatory notification of new cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alexandra Paduraru
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Lupu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Sima
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (G.V.C.)
- General Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriel Veniamin Cozma
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (G.V.C.)
- Thoracic Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Dan Olariu
- General Surgery Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.O.)
- Discipline of Surgery I, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Dan Chiriac
- Discipline of Surgery III, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Dan Totolici
- Department of General Surgery, Vasile Goldis Western University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Catalin Alexandru Pirvu
- General Surgery Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.O.)
- Discipline of Surgical Emergencies, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Fulger Lazar
- General Surgery Clinic, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania; (S.D.O.)
- Discipline of Surgery II, Department of Surgery II, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Nesiu
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 310025 Arad, Romania;
- Department of Urology, Arad County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 310037 Arad, Romania
| | - Alin Gabriel Mihu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alin Adrian Cumpanas
- Discipline of Urology, Department XV, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavian Marius Cretu
- Discipline of Surgical Semiology I and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (G.V.C.)
- General Surgery Clinic, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tudor Rares Olariu
- Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania (M.A.L.); (A.G.M.); (T.R.O.)
- Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania
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Shafiei R, Raeghi S, Jafarzadeh F, Najjari M, Ghatee MA, Shokri A. Three cases of brain hydatidosis in North Khorasan, Iran. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6095. [PMID: 35898758 PMCID: PMC9307882 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hydatidosis is a serious public health problem in Iran. Although cysts can develop in almost all organs and the brain cysts are very rare. Here, we present 3 confirmed cases of brain hydatidosis and the patients who underwent successful surgery. Pathological examinations demonstrated the presence of cystic hydatidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiei
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences Maragheh University of Medical Sciences Maragheh Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafarzadeh
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mohsen Najjari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Ghatee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
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3
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Ganjeifar B, Ghafouri M, Shokri A, Rahbarian Yazdi F, Hashemi SA. Giant Cerebral Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1774-1778. [PMID: 33768934 PMCID: PMC7981697 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of hydatid cyst should be considered in children with seizure in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Ganjeifar
- Department of NeurosurgeryMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majid Ghafouri
- Vector‐borne Disease Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Disease Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | | | - Seyed Ahmad Hashemi
- Vector‐borne Disease Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
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Zabala A, Salvador F, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Bosch-Nicolau P, Escolà-Vergé L, Espinosa-Pereiro J, Molina I. Imported cystic echinococcosis in Spain: a systematic review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:1184-1189. [PMID: 33631003 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato). It is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution, affecting an estimated 2-3 million people globally. Official reporting systems in Spain lack information concerning imported cases and their country of origin. METHODS This is a systematic review of the literature that was performed to obtain published cases of immigrant patients diagnosed with CE in Spain. RESULTS From the 21 included articles, a total of 84 cases of CE imported into Spain were documented from 1995 to 2018, with an average age of 33.2 years. The main countries of origin of the patients were Morocco with 30 cases (35.7%), Romania with 12 cases (14.3%) and Peru with 8 cases (9.5%). The most involved organ was the liver (28 cases [33.3%]). We found discrepancies between the published cases of imported CE in Spain and those reported by official authorities. CONCLUSIONS This review of the literature shows the lack of information and clarity in the mechanisms of CE notification in Spain. The disparity between these systems and the cases documented in the literature highlights a failure or shortcoming of the current reporting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zabala
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Bosch-Nicolau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Escolà-Vergé
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Espinosa-Pereiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Spain
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Tamarozzi F, Legnardi M, Fittipaldo A, Drigo M, Cassini R. Epidemiological distribution of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. infection in human and domestic animal hosts in European Mediterranean and Balkan countries: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008519. [PMID: 32776936 PMCID: PMC7440662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonosis caused by infection with the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. We carried out a systematic literature review on E. granulosus s.l. human and animal (cattle, sheep, dog) infection in European Mediterranean and Balkan countries in 2000–2019, to provide a picture of its recent epidemiology in this endemic area. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Open Grey databases were searched. Included cases were: i) for humans, data from hospital records and imaging studies; ii) for dogs, data from necropsy and coprological studies; iii) for ruminants, cases based on slaughter inspection. The NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) classification was used to categorize extracted data in epidemiological units, defined as data referred to one NUTS2 (basic region) in one year time. Data were then aggregated to NUTS1 level (major regions), calculating the average incidence value of included epidemiological units. For prevalence studies covering different epidemiological units, the pooled prevalence was estimated. Data were extracted from 79 publications, 25 on human infection (covering 437 epidemiological units), and 54 on animal infection (52 epidemiological units for cattle, 35 for sheep and 25 for dogs). At NUTS1 level, average annual incidence rates of human CE ranged from 0.10–7.74/100,000; pooled prevalence values ranged from 0.003–64.09% in cattle, 0.004–68.73% in sheep, and 0–31.86% in dogs. Southern and insular Italy, central Spain, Romania and Bulgaria reported the highest values. Bovine data showed a more similar pattern to human data compared to sheep and dogs. Limitation of evidence included the paucity of human prevalence studies, data heterogeneity, and the patchy geographical coverage, with lack of data especially for the Balkans. Our results confirm Italy, Spain, and Eastern Europe being the most affected areas, but data are extremely heterogeneous, geographical coverage very patchy, and human prevalence studies extremely scant. Results also highlight the notorious problem of underreporting of E. granulosus s.l. infection in both humans and animals. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonosis caused by infection with the parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, naturally transmitted between canids and livestock; CE in humans can be a serious condition. In endemic areas, CE is responsible for significant health and economic losses, but its real burden is difficult to estimate. E. granulosus s.l. is especially present in areas where livestock breeding is practiced, including European Mediterranean and Balkan countries. We carried out a systematic literature review on the epidemiology of E. granulosus s.l. human and animal infection in this area in 2000–2019. Data were extracted from 79 publications, and referred to Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) levels per year. Average annual incidence rates of human CE ranged from 0.10–7.74/100,000; pooled prevalences ranged from 0.003–64.09% in cattle, 0.004–68.73% in sheep, and 0–31.86% in dogs. Bovine data showed a more similar pattern to human data compared to sheep and dogs. Our results confirm that Italy, Spain, and Eastern Europe are the most affected areas, but data are extremely heterogeneous, geographical coverage very patchy, and human prevalence studies extremely scant. Results also highlight the well-known problem of underreporting of E. granulosus s.l. infection in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tamarozzi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Matteo Legnardi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Andrea Fittipaldo
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - Rudi Cassini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (Padova), Italy
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Shahriarirad R, Erfani A, Eskandarisani M, Rastegarian M, Taghizadeh H, Sarkari B. Human cystic echinococcosis in southwest Iran: a 15-year retrospective epidemiological study of hospitalized cases. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:49. [PMID: 32577086 PMCID: PMC7304208 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00238-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is considered as a neglected disease with significant mortality and morbidity in most of the developing countries. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the demographic and epidemiologic features of human CE surgical cases in a 15-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Methods A 15-year (2004–2018) retrospective study was conducted to find out the epidemiological and clinical picture of CE in patients who undergone surgeries for CE in two main hospitals in Fars Province, southwestern Iran. Hospital records were reviewed, and data were retrieved from each CE patient’s record. Results A total of 501 CE surgical cases were recorded during a 15-year period, corresponding to an average annual incidence of 33.4 and a surgical incidence rate of 0.74/100,000 population. Of these, 242 (48.6%) were male, and 256 (52.4%) were female. Patients’ age ranged from 2 to 96 years, with a mean age of 34.92 (± 19.87) years. A significantly higher rate of CE cases was noted in subject’s ≥ 50 years of age. The highest frequency of cases (62:12.5%) was recorded in the year 2017. The most commonly involved organs were liver (339 cases; 57.8%) and lung (279 cases; 47.6%). Concurrent involvement of two organs was seen in 58 (9.9%) cases of both lung and liver, 10 (1.6%) cases of lung and other locations (but not liver), and 23 (3.9%) cases of liver and other locations (but not lung). Reoperation was noted in 67 (13.4%) of the cases. The size of the lung hydatid cyst varied, ranging between 2 and 24 cm (mean = 7.33, SD = 3.737). The size of liver hydatid cysts ranged from 1 to 26 cm (mean 9.04, SD = 4.275). Conclusion The findings of the current study demonstrated a nearly constant prevalence of CE during the last 15 years in southern Iran. Further studies are needed to find out the reasons behind the recurrence of the disease, which is substantial, in surgically-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shahriarirad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Erfani
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Hajar Taghizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Farazi A, Zarinfar N, Kayhani F, Khazaie F. Hydatid Disease in the Central Region of Iran: A 5-year Epidemiological and Clinical Overview. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2020; 8:364. [PMID: 32002314 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2019.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydatid cyst is caused by an infection by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Patients with cystic echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic until the hydatid cysts grow large enough to cause symptoms and signs. The cysts grow in the course of several years before reaching maturity and the rate of growth depends on the location of the cyst. Methods This study was conducted in the Central region of Iran and involved all patients diagnosed with hydatid disease from 2012 to 2016 with the records identifed from 10 centers for disease control. Descriptive statistics including range and percentage were used in analyzing the patient characteristics. Results Hydatid disease was confirmed in 84 cases. The mean age of patients was (23.1±5.1) years (range: 15-53 years) and 55.9% of cases were female. Single organ involvement was found in 86.9% of cases. 98.8% cases were successfully treated. The most common sites of infection were lung (42.9%), followed by liver (38.1%), and joint liver/lung (10.7%). The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT, and serology in all patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology in 80 (95.2%) of cases. All of cases were treated with albendazole, and 80 (95.2%) of cases had surgical intervention. The prevalence of human hydatidosis in our study was 1.16 per 100,000 population. Conclusions Hydatid disease is common in Iran and should be a focus of public health interventions. The organ sites affected in this study include lung and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Farazi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nader Zarinfar
- Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farhad Kayhani
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Khazaie
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Šnábel V, Calma C, Georgescu SO, Cavallero S, D’Amelio S, Vasilková Z, Ito A. Genetic survey of alveolar and cystic echinococcoses in Romania: first molecular evidence of Echinococcus multilocularis in humans in the country. Helminthologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/helm-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are considered as one of the most important zoonotic diseases in Romania, where they are subject to mandatory reporting. To obtain more knowledge about the genetic diversity of Echinococcus causative agents of these diseases, 11 isolates from humans and ungulate intermediate hosts from the two regions of Romania were genotyped using mitochondrial markers. In clinical samples of five patients from north-eastern Romania (Iasi, Botosani, Vaslui counties), Echinococcus multilocularis was identified as causal agent by cox1 sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge this finding presents the first molecular evidence of E. multilocularis in humans from Romania. Only two cases of AE in patients were previously documented in the country by serological methods. In our four patients the most widespread European variant E5 of E. multilocularis was recorded, whereas in isolate from Vaslui county three nucleotide substitutions were detected as compared to the most related E5 haplotype. One of these mutations (411T/G) matched N1 and N2 haplotypes described previously from North America. In six CE samples retrieved from western Romania (Caras-Severin and Timis counties), two human isolates were diagnosed as Echinococcus canadensis G7, one as E. granulosus s.s. G1 and one as E. granulosus s.s. G3 using atp6 and rrnS sequencing. In ungulates, the cattle isolate was allocated to E. granulosus s.s. G1 and pig isolate to E. canadensis G7. The two G7 findings in humans reinforced the recent view that G7 was underestimated as compared to the E. granulosus s.s. regarding human CE threat that can be further employed for identifying sources of infections and establishing suitable preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Košice, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - C. Calma
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Department of Physiology and Immunology , 300041 Timisoara , Romania
| | - S. O. Georgescu
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Department of Surgery , Iași , Romania
| | - S. Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - S. D’Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Section of Parasitology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Z. Vasilková
- Institute of Parasitology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Košice, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice , Slovakia
| | - A. Ito
- Department of Parasitology , Asahikawa Medical University , Asahikawa 078-8510 , Japan
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Pan W, Chen DS, Lu YJ, Sun FF, Xu HW, Zhang YW, Yan C, Fu LL, Zheng KY, Tang RX. Bioinformatic prediction of the epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:181-187. [PMID: 28357070 PMCID: PMC5351307 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to predict and analyze the secondary structure, and B and T cell epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus antigen 5 (Ag5) using online software in order to investigate its immunogenicity and preliminarily evaluate its potential as an effective antigen peptide vaccine for cystic echinococcosis. The PortParam program was used to analyze molecular weight, the theoretical isoelectric point, instability index and other physicochemical properties. The secondary structure of the Ag5 protein was predicted using Self-Optimized Prediction method With Alignment and the tertiary structure of the Ag5 protein was predicted using 3DLigandSite together with Center for Biological Sequence Analysis Prediction Servers. Furthermore, the Immune Epitope Database software was used to predict B cell epitopes, and T cell epitopes were predicted with the BioInformatics and Molecular Analysis Section and SYFPEITHI programs. The results demonstrated that α-helixes, β-turns, random coils and extended strands account for 23.35, 10.95, 41.32, and 24.38% of the secondary structure of the Ag5 protein, respectively. Ten potential B cell epitopes of Ag5 were identified as the amino acids sequences 27-39, 70-80, 117-130, 146-168, 250-262, 284-293, 339-349, 359-371, 403-412 and 454-462, and seven potential T cell epitopes were identified as the amino acid sequences 52-60, 57-65, 182-190, 231-239, 273-281, 318-326 and 467-475. Thus, ten B cell epitopes and seven T cell epitopes were identified on Ag5, suggesting the strong immunogenicity of this protein, which could be applied to design antigen peptide vaccines for echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - De-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Juan Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Fen-Fen Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Wen Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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Amado-Diago C, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Armiñanzas C, Arnaíz de las Revillas F, Gómez-Fleitas M, Fariñas M. Echinococcosis: A 15-year epidemiological, clinical and outcome overview. Rev Clin Esp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Amado-Diago CA, Gutiérrez-Cuadra M, Armiñanzas C, Arnaíz de Las Revillas F, Gómez-Fleitas M, Fariñas MC. Echinococcosis: A 15-year epidemiological, clinical and outcome overview. Rev Clin Esp 2015; 215:380-4. [PMID: 26119089 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and mortality of patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE) in northern Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of the medical records of patients diagnosed with CE and hospitalized from 1997 to 2011 in a University Hospital. RESULTS A total of 76 patients (44 men) were diagnosed with CE. The mean age was 57.8 years (SD: 19.1 years; range: 14.9-92.7). The yearly average incidence was 1.08 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The highest incidence was registered in patients aged 70-79 years (22.7% of all cases). Liver was the main organ involved (92.1%), followed by lung (6.6%) and peritoneum (1.3%). Fifty-five patients (72%) received treatment: 2 (3.6%) medical treatment with albendazole, 27 (49%) surgical treatment, 3 (5.4%) medical treatment combined with cyst drainage, and 23 (42%) combined medical and surgical treatment. Eight patients had a recurrence. Twenty-four (31.2%) patients died. No patient's death was attributed directly to hydatidosis, though mortality was significantly higher in the untreated vs. the treated patient group (57% vs. 22%, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Hydatidosis treatment and diagnostic approaches remain heterogeneous. The liver continues being the main organ affected. Mortality was higher in patients who did not receive treatment. However, this result might have been influenced by other factors, mainly age.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Amado-Diago
- Service of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, , Santander, Spain
| | - M Gutiérrez-Cuadra
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - C Armiñanzas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - F Arnaíz de Las Revillas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Gómez-Fleitas
- General Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M C Fariñas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Brundu D, Piseddu T, Stegel G, Masu G, Ledda S, Masala G. Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012. Acta Trop 2014; 140:91-6. [PMID: 25149351 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic parasitic infection. The European Centre for Disease Control highlights that Italy lacks a surveillance system for CE. Due to the lack of official data, we analysed the Hospital Discharge Records (HDRs) drawn from the National Ministry of Health. The aim of this study was to analyse data from the HDRs with CE-related diagnoses in Italy from 2001 to 2012 to assess the current status and trend of disease epidemiology. A total of 16,550 HDRs related to the admission of 10,682 Italian patients were examined. The HDRs were analysed according to the patient's region and province code to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of each case, together with the annual incidence rates of hospital cases (AIh) in administrative divisions in rural and urban areas. Lesions occurred frequently in the liver (83.6%) and lungs (8.4%). Patients ranged in age from 1 to 100 years (mean 59.8), and 57% were over 60 years old. The highest average AIh was registered in the Islands with 4.6/10(5) inhabitants (6.9/10(5) in Sardinia and 4.3/10(5) in Sicily), followed by the South with an average AIh of 1.9/10(5) inhabitants (5.4/10(5) inhabitants) and the Centre with an average AIh of 1.07/10(5) inhabitants (there was an AIh of 1.65/10(5) in Latium). The analysis for trend showed a statistically significant decrease in the AIh throughout the study period (e.g., in the Islands r(2)=0.98, p<0.001). An AIh over 2/10(5) inhabitants was observed in 31/110 provinces. Rural areas with comprehensive development problems had a relative risk of CE of 5.7 (95% CI, 5.3 to 6.9) compared to urban areas. The relative risk increased between areas where sheep breeding is widespread compared to those where it is less prevalent. This study shows a detailed picture of the geographic distribution and the epidemiological situation of CE in Italy, indicating that CE continues to be a significant public health problem in Italy. The retrospective study of HDRs is useful for the evaluation of the status of disease epidemiology; however, a surveillance system is needed to report confirmed cases of human CE.
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Detection of hydatid-specific antibodies in the serum and urine for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in patients from the Kashmir Valley, India. J Helminthol 2014; 89:232-7. [PMID: 24429044 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x13000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Serological diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is usually made by detecting specific antibodies in serum samples. However, collection of blood samples is difficult and may be hazardous and unsafe. Thus, it is important to assess alternative simple methods of sampling body fluids that give similar results. Saliva and urine have been suggested as possible alternatives to detect specific antibodies for the diagnosis of various diseases. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previously published study regarding the detection of CE-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass antibodies (IgG1-4) in urine. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the value of hydatid-specific antibodies of IgG, IgM, IgE and IgG subclass in urine and serum samples for the diagnosis of CE. Serum and urine samples of 41 surgically confirmed patients of CE, 40 patients with other diseases and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study. CE-specific total IgG, IgE and IgG4 in sera and total IgG, IgG4 and IgG1 in the urine of CE patients were the most important specific antibodies for the diagnosis of CE. However, total IgG usually persists for an extended period and has a very high cross-reactivity. The diagnostic sensitivity of hydatid-specific IgM in serum and urine samples was very low and therefore cannot be used as a diagnostic marker. There was no significant difference between IgG1 and IgG4 in serum and urine and both showed the best correlation for the diagnosis of CE. These considerations suggest that detection of antibodies in urine could provide a new approach in the diagnosis of CE.
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Onac D, Győrke A, Oltean M, Gavrea R, Cozma V. First detection of Echinococcus granulosus G1 and G7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Romania using PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques. Vet Parasitol 2013; 193:289-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Dumitrascu V, Calma CL, Vlad DC, Marincu I, Neghina AM, Neghina R. Giant primary splenic hydatid cyst in a rural patient from southwestern Romania: a rare presentation of the hydatid disease. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13:342-4. [PMID: 23402335 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2012.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis or hydatid disease is a parasitic zoonosis acquired by humans through ingestion of viable helminthic eggs of Echinococcus sp. with their food. A hydatid cyst of the spleen is a rare condition, commonly reported in 0.5-8% of patients with echinococcosis. We aim to describe herein an interesting and rare case of splenic hydatid disease diagnosed in a 34-year-old female patient residing in a rural area from Romania, a country endemic for this disorder. The therapy consisted of total splenectomy, and the postsurgical evolution was favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Dumitrascu
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Mitrea IL, Ionita M, Wassermann M, Solcan G, Romig T. Cystic Echinococcosis in Romania: An Epidemiological Survey of Livestock Demonstrates the Persistence of Hyperendemicity. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:980-5. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Liviu Mitrea
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Gheorghe Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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