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Hossain MS, Shabir S, Toye P, Thomas LF, Falcone FH. Insights into the diagnosis, vaccines, and control of Taenia solium, a zoonotic, neglected parasite. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:380. [PMID: 37876008 PMCID: PMC10594694 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis (TSTC) is a foodborne, zoonotic neglected tropical disease affecting predominately low- and middle-income countries. Humans are definitive hosts for T. solium, whereas pigs act as intermediate hosts. Taeniasis, i.e. intestinal infection with adult T. solium in the human host, occurs through ingestion of undercooked pork infected with the larval stage (porcine cysticercosis, PCC). Human cysticercosis occurs after humans ingest T. solium eggs, acting as accidental intermediate hosts. Migration of cysticerci to the human brain results in neurocysticercosis (NCC), manifesting in a variety of clinical symptoms, most notably epilepsy. NCC is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy cases in endemic areas. PCC results in reduced pork value because of condemnation or the risk of condemnation of the meat. Available serological diagnostic tests for porcine and human cysticercosis are characterized by low sensitivity and are not cost-effective. An effective vaccine for T. solium cysticercosis in pigs has been developed, although it is not yet commercially available in all endemic countries, and still no vaccine is available for use in humans. This primer highlights the recent development in the field of diagnostic tests and vaccine production and explores possible strategies for future control and eradication of T. solium. In the absence of highly specific diagnostic tests and human vaccines, treatment of infected pigs and tapeworm carriers and prevention of disease transmission remain the principal means to interrupt the zoonotic cycle of T. solium in endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Shafqat Shabir
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Philip Toye
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lian F Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, UK
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Stelzle D, Abraham A, Kaminski M, Schmidt V, De Meijere R, Bustos JA, Garcia HH, Sahu PS, Bobić B, Cretu C, Chiodini P, Dermauw V, Devleesschauwer B, Dorny P, Fonseca A, Gabriël S, Morales MÁG, Laranjo-González M, Hoerauf A, Hunter E, Jambou R, Jurhar-Pavlova M, Reiter-Owona I, Sotiraki S, Trevisan C, Vilhena M, Walker NF, Zammarchi L, Winkler AS. Clinical characteristics and management of neurocysticercosis patients: a retrospective assessment of case reports from Europe. J Travel Med 2023; 30:6759132. [PMID: 36222148 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. NCC mainly occurs in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia and can cause a variety of clinical signs/symptoms. Although it is a rare disease in Europe, it should nonetheless be considered as a differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and management of patients with NCC diagnosed and treated in Europe. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of published and unpublished data on patients diagnosed with NCC in Europe (2000-2019) and extracted demographic, clinical and radiological information on each case, if available. RESULTS Out of 293 identified NCC cases, 59% of patients presented initially with epileptic seizures (21% focal onset); 52% presented with headache and 54% had other neurological signs/symptoms. The majority of patients had a travel or migration history (76%), mostly from/to Latin America (38%), Africa (32%) or Asia (30%). Treatment varied largely depending on cyst location and number. The outcome was favorable in 90% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Management of NCC in Europe varied considerably but often had a good outcome. Travel and migration to and from areas endemic for T. solium will likely result in continued low prevalence of NCC in Europe. Therefore, training and guidance of clinicians is recommended for optimal patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Stelzle
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Abraham
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medical Center, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert De Meijere
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier A Bustos
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector Hugo Garcia
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carmen Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Public Health Department, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Maria Ángeles Gómez Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ewan Hunter
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, The Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ronan Jambou
- Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maja Jurhar-Pavlova
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical faculty, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Ingrid Reiter-Owona
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation DIMITRA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Epidemiology of Taenia solium infection in the Russian Federation in the last 20 years: a systematic review. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e49. [PMID: 34429181 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium is a zoonotic parasite that causes taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans (as final hosts) and cysticercosis in pigs (as intermediate hosts). The Russian Federation (RF) is traditionally considered as endemic for this zoonosis. However, the epidemiological data on T. solium infection have not been reviewed for the past 20 years, in which time dynamic economical and societal changes have occurred in the RF. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the status of T. solium infection in RF in the 2000-2019 period. A literature search was conducted, which collected published articles, grey literature and official data on the epidemiology of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in the RF published from 2000. From a total of 2021 articles and 24 official reports originally returned by the search, data were extracted from 12 full text articles and 11 official reports. Taenia solium taeniasis was continuously reported in the RF between 2000 and 2019, with a tenfold decrease in the incidence, from 0.2 per 100,000 population in 2000 to 0.023/100,000 in 2019. Also, the number of administrative units where taeniasis was detected continuously decreased. Cysticercosis in pigs had a declining trend after 2006. In conclusion, although decreasing, T. solium infection is still endemic in several regions and suspected to be endemic in most of the RF.
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Jacob SS, Sengupta PP, Chandu AGS, Shamshad S, Yogisharadhya R, Sudhagar S, Ramesh P. Existence of genetic lineages within Asian genotype of Taenia solium-Genetic characterization based on mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA markers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2256-2265. [PMID: 34235870 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a potentially eradicable neglected zoonotic disease with public health importance. The genetic lineages of T. solium in Asia and Africa/America are distinct and the genetic composition of the parasite was found to influence the clinical symptoms in patients with cysticercosis. In the present study, the Cysticerci collected from pigs of two southern states of India (Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh) were genetically characterized based on mitochondrial (COX 1 and Cyt b) and ribosomal (ITS-1 and TBR) DNA markers. The study confirms the existence of two mitochondrial lineages of the parasite as Asian and African/American. Cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX 1) based analysis revealed the existence of two sub-lineages of the parasite within the Asian lineage based on the polymorphism at 994 position as 994A/G. In India, both the sub-lineages were identified and genetic divergence among different Indian isolates was evident. Further, the sequence analysis of Cytochrome B (Cyt b) revealed the existence of six sub-lineages of T. solium in India as 69T/69G, 97A/97G as well as 264T/264C. The analysis of nucleotide sequence of large subunit ribosomal DNA (TBR) revealed the existence of two sub-lineages in India based on the deletion of a nucleotide at 624th position. The cysts collected in the present study were more closely related to those of China and Indonesia than with other Indian isolates. Further, the sequence analysis did not indicate the presence of Taenia asiatica in the examined pigs and African/American lineages of T. solium. The results of the present study help to better understand the genetic diversity of T. solium in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siju Susan Jacob
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pinaki Prasad Sengupta
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Atru Gnana Surya Chandu
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Samer Shamshad
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Revanaiah Yogisharadhya
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subramanium Sudhagar
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Palakurthi Ramesh
- Department of Parasitology, ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
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Ito A, Budke CM. Genetic Diversity of Taenia solium and its Relation to Clinical Presentation of Cysticercosis. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 94:343-349. [PMID: 34211353 PMCID: PMC8223547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this perspectives paper, we discuss fertilization strategies for Taenia saginata and Taenia saginata asiatica as well as heterogeneity in Taenia solium, the causative agent of human cysticercosis. Two different genotypes of T. solium (Asian and Afro/American) were confirmed by mitochondrial DNA analysis approximately two decades ago. Since then, outcrossings of the two genotypes have been identified in Madagascar where the two genotypes are distributed sympatrically. Outcrossings were confirmed by the presence of discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Since multiple tapeworm infections are common in endemic areas, outcrossing events likely occur quite frequently. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA from T. solium specimens collected from humans and pigs in endemic areas should be analyzed. If variations are found between specimens, nuclear DNA analysis should be performed to confirm the presence of discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Additional outcrossings likely add complexity to understanding the existing genetic diversity. Serological surveys are also recommended since serodiagnostic glycoprotein can also differentiate between the two genotypes. Viable eggs from different genotypes or from hybrids of two different genotypes should be used for experimental infection of pigs or dogs in order to observe any pathological heterogeneity in cysticercosis development. Although genetic diversity of T. solium is expected to result in clinical heterogeneity of cysticercosis in humans and pigs, there is currently no evidence showing that this occurs. There are also no comparative experimental studies on this topic. Therefore, studies evaluating the link between parasite heterogeneity and clinical outcome are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical
University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Christine M. Budke
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences,
College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M
University, College Station, TX, USA
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Gómez-Morales MÁ, Pezzotti P, Ludovisi A, Boufana B, Dorny P, Kortbeek T, Blocher J, Schmidt V, Amati M, Gabriël S, Pozio E, Winkler AS, Participants TRT. Collaborative Studies for the Detection of Taenia spp. Infections in Humans within CYSTINET, the European Network on Taeniosis/Cysticercosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061173. [PMID: 34072437 PMCID: PMC8229687 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory tools for diagnosing taeniosis/cysticercosis in non-endemic countries are available; however, there is little data on their performance. To provide information on the sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of these tools, inter-laboratory studies were organized within the EU COST-Action CYSTINET (TD1302). Two serological and one coprological Ring Trials (RTs) were organized to test a panel of human-derived sera and stool samples using assays routinely conducted by the participating laboratories to detect Taenia spp. infections. Four Western blots (WBs) and five ELISAs were used by nine laboratories for cysticercosis diagnosis. In the first serological RT, the overall sensitivity was 67.6% (95% CI, 59.1–75.4), whereas specificity was 97% (95% CI, 89.8–99.6). WBs recorded the best accuracy. A second serological RT was organized, to assess the three tests most frequently used during the first RT. Two out of six laboratories performed all the three tests. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 52.8% (95% CI, 42.8–62.7) and 98.1% (95% CI, 93.2–99.7), respectively. Laboratory performance strongly affected test results. Twelve laboratories participated in the coprological RT using conventional microscopy and six laboratories used molecular assays. Traditional diagnosis by microscopy yielded better results than molecular diagnosis. This may have been influenced by the lack of standardization of molecular tests across participating laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Gómez-Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (A.L.); or (B.B.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (A.L.); or (B.B.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Alessandra Ludovisi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (A.L.); or (B.B.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Belgees Boufana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (A.L.); or (B.B.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
- National Reference Laboratory for Trichinella & Echinococcus National Wildlife Management Centre (NWMC) Animal and Plant Health Agency Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Veterinary Helminthology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Titia Kortbeek
- Center IDS, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, RIVM, 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Joachim Blocher
- Institute of Acute Neurology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria;
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (V.S.); (A.S.W.)
| | - Marco Amati
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (A.L.); or (B.B.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Edoardo Pozio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (A.L.); or (B.B.); (M.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (V.S.); (A.S.W.)
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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Nikolić S, Cvetković D, Živković V. Cysticercosis and suicide - an example from a forensic collection. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 17:167-171. [PMID: 32930946 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this case from 1937, the deceased was a 52-year-old female who was suffering from systemic cysticercosis, with prominent neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Given the protracted clinical course and autopsy findings it appears likely that the disease led the woman to commit suicide by ingesting lye, a corrosive substance, and the most common way to commit suicide in Belgrade at the time. The autopsy revealed many rounded transparent cysts, attached to the dura and pia-arachnoid, as well as encapsulated in the intercostal muscles, diaphragm and muscles of the arms, legs and the trunk. Solitary cysticercosis of muscles without involvement of the central nervous system is rare: most soft tissue and muscular cysticercal infections are associated with the central nervous system. Parasites usually lodge in the cerebral cortex or the subcortical white matter, due to the high vascular supply of these areas. Psychiatric symptoms in neurocysticercosis have been frequently reported, along with cognitive decline and intellectual deterioration, depressive disorders, behavioral disturbance and psychosis. Although sporadically, the disease is present even today, and neurocysticercosis is the leading cause of epilepsy in the developing world. To maintain its lifecycle, Taenia solium requires non-industrialized pig rearing conditions, consumption of undercooked pork, and low sanitation standards. Socioeconomic and sanitary improvement and educating people about food processing, the disease and antihelminthic therapy, are important factors contributing to a significant reduction in the prevalence of this potentially eradicable disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Nikolić
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, 31a Deligradska str., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Cvetković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, 31a Deligradska str., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Živković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, 31a Deligradska str., 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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The Burden of Neurocysticercosis at a Single New York Hospital. J Pathog 2020; 2020:8174240. [PMID: 32802516 PMCID: PMC7403940 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8174240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a disease caused by the larval pork tapeworm Taenia solium, has emerged as an important infection in the United States. In this study, we describe the spectrum of NCC infection in eastern Long Island, where there is a growing population of immigrants from endemic countries. A retrospective study was designed to identify patients diagnosed with NCC using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes in the electronic medical records at Stony Brook University Hospital between 2005 and 2016. We identified 52 patients (56% male, median age: 35 years) diagnosed with NCC in the only tertiary medical center in Suffolk County. Twenty-five cases were reported in the last three years of the study. Forty-eight (94%) patients self-identified as Hispanic or Latino in the electronic medical record. Twenty-two (44%) and 28 (56%) patients had parenchymal and extraparenchymal lesions, respectively. Nineteen (41.3%) patients presented with seizures to the emergency department. Six patients (11.7%) had hydrocephalus, and five of them required frequent hospitalizations and neurosurgical interventions, including permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunts or temporary external ventricular drains. No deaths were reported. The minimum accumulated estimated cost of NCC hospitalizations during the study period for all patients was approximately 1.4 million United States dollars (USD). In conclusion, NCC predominantly affects young, Hispanic immigrants in Eastern Long Island, particularly in zip codes correlating to predominantly Hispanic communities. The number of cases diagnosed increased at an alarming rate during the study period. Our study suggests a growing need for screening high-risk patients and connecting patients to care in hopes of providing early intervention and treatment to avoid potentially detrimental neurological sequelae.
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Left-Sided Headache in a Salvadorian Woman. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2020; 28:247-249. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nanodelivery of nitazoxanide: impact on the metabolism of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci intracranially inoculated in mice. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:329-339. [PMID: 32486970 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate nanocapsules and nanoemulsions of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and evaluate the metabolic effect on Taenia crassiceps cysticerci inoculated intracranially into mice. Materials & methods: NTZ nanosystems were formulated through solvent diffusion methodology. These nanoformulations were administered perorally and their impact on glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism in T. crassiceps cysticerci was investigated. Results: Gluconeogenesis and protein catabolism were significantly increased by the nanoformulations when compared with the control group and the NTZ-treated group. All the other metabolic pathways were inhibited by the nanoformulation treatments. Conclusion: The remarkable metabolic modifications that occur in this in vivo model through the application of these developed nanosystems confirm their capability to deliver NTZ into targeted tissues.
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Abraham A, Schmidt V, Kaminski M, Stelzle D, De Meijere R, Bustos J, Sahu PS, Garcia HH, Bobić B, Cretu C, Chiodini P, Deksne G, Dermauw V, Devleesschauwer B, Dorny P, Fonseca A, Gabriël S, Gómez-Morales MA, Kucsera I, Laranjo-González M, Trevisan C, Vilhena M, Walker NF, Zammarchi L, Winkler AS. Epidemiology and surveillance of human (neuro)cysticercosis in Europe: is enhanced surveillance required? Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:566-578. [PMID: 32083787 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report on relevant national surveillance systems of (N)CC and taeniasis (the infection with the adult tapeworm) in the European Union/European Economic Area and to assess the magnitude of (N)CC occurrence by retrieving information on cases for the period 2000-2016. METHODS (N)CC cases were retrieved via national reporting systems, a systematic literature search, contact with clinicians and a search for relevant 'International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems' (ICD)-based data. RESULTS Mandatory notification systems for (N)CC were found in Hungary, Iceland and Poland. Ten cases were reported in Poland and none in Hungary and Iceland. Through the systematic literature review and information given by clinicians, 263 individual and 721 aggregated (N)CC cases from 19 European countries were identified. ICD-based data were obtained from five countries. From 2000 to 2016, a total of 3489 cases (N)CC cases were coded: 832 in Italy, eight in Latvia, 357 in Portugal, 2116 in Spain and 176 in Sweden. CONCLUSION Despite being classified as a possible eradicable disease, (N)CC is still diagnosed across Europe, yet its true extent and impact remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Abraham
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Stelzle
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert De Meijere
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Bustos
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Hector Hugo Garcia
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carmen Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Public Health Department, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Hunter E, Cliff M, Armstrong M, Manji H, Jäger HR, Chiodini P, Brown M. Active neurocysticercosis at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London: a clinical case series. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 112:326-334. [PMID: 29982795 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurocysticercosis is the commonest infectious cause of epilepsy in endemic countries, and accounts for a greater number of cases worldwide than any other single pathology. Infection is associated with long-term exposure in low-income countries, although acquisition after travel has been recognized. The standard of care in the UK is inpatient treatment with anti-helminthic drugs and steroids. Methods The authors reviewed all cases of neurocysticercosis managed at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in London, England, between 2001 and 2015. Active disease was defined as evidence of either viable cysts or involuting cysts with associated parenchymal inflammation. Results Of 26 active cases, 65.4% were migrants from nine different countries; 34.6% were UK-born travellers who had visited 19 countries across South and Central America, sub-Saharan Africa, South and South-east Asia; India was the commonest country of exposure in both groups. Only 73.1% presented with seizures; two diagnoses were made through brain imaging of patients with peripheral cysticerci; 53.8% had a single cyst. Migrants were more likely to be seropositive than travellers (p=0.033). Only two patients had seizures during admission, one of whom had multiple seizures prior to diagnosis. Conclusions Neurocysticercosis presents in a non-endemic setting in both migrants and travellers. Travellers are less likely to be sero-positive. Not all cases of neurocysticercosis present with seizures. Outpatient management could be considered for selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Hunter
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
| | | | | | - Hadi Manji
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London
| | - Hans Rolf Jäger
- Academic Neuroradiological Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
| | - Mike Brown
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
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13
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Trevisan C, Torgerson PR, Robertson LJ. Foodborne Parasites in Europe: Present Status and Future Trends. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:695-703. [PMID: 31358427 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although foodborne parasites (FBPs) are becoming recognized as important foodborne pathogens, they remain neglected compared with bacterial and viral foodborne pathogens. As drivers for infection with FBPs are variable, it is often unclear for funding bodies where research should be prioritized. Through a COST Action (Euro-FBP; FA1408), we harnessed Europe-wide expertise to address these questions, using an Expert Knowledge Elicitation approach. Eating habits, lack of food-chain control, lack of awareness from relevant agencies, globalization, and water quality were identified as major drivers for FBP infection. Prioritized research needs to be largely focused on methodological gaps, but also on surveillance concerns, impact-assessment issues, and the role of microbiota. Despite the European focus, these responses should be relevant to those concerned with FBPs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Stopić M, Bobić B, Dakić Z, Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Konstantinović N, Srećković K, Klun I, Korać M, Djurković-Djaković O. Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 86:135-141. [PMID: 31330322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As is the case for all of Southeast Europe, Serbia is an area traditionally endemic for Taenia saginata and Taenia solium infections. This study was performed to analyse the epidemiological data on taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia for the period 1990-2018. METHODS Data on cases of T. saginata and T. solium infection were collected via a systematic search of published articles, the grey literature, and official reports, as well as by performing clinical observational studies of patients treated in the departments for infectious diseases of hospitals and university clinics in Serbia. RESULTS A total of 212 cases of taeniosis were reported, all between 1997 and 2004 when taeniosis was notifiable (incidence range 0.04-0.9/100 000 population/year). From 1990 to 2018, 170 cases of cysticercosis (all but one of neurocysticercosis), were registered (incidence range 0-0.29/100 000 population/year), with a strong decrease since 2000 and a single case in the last 9 years. The annual number of cases of both taeniosis (Pearson's r = 0.914, p = 0.001) and cysticercosis (Pearson's r = 0.582, p = 0.014) correlated with the consumer price index. CONCLUSIONS In Serbia, T. saginata and T. solium infections are autochthonous but occur only sporadically. However, the potential for re-emergence exists, depending on the socio-economic state of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stopić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Dakić
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Srbljanović
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Konstantinović
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Srećković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Klun
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Korać
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases "Prof. Dr. Kosta Todorović", Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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15
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Thomas LF, Cook EAJ, Fèvre EM, Rushton J. Control of Taenia solium; A Case for Public and Private Sector Investment. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:176. [PMID: 31281823 PMCID: PMC6595182 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic helminth T. solium is one of the leading causes of acquired epilepsy in endemic countries, resulting in a high burden both in human health and social stigma of affected people (1-3). In 2012 T. solium was highlighted as a priority for control in the World Health Assembly resolution 66.12 (4). Despite a call for validated control strategies by 2015 and a "Tool Kit" of control options being available, relatively few examples of successfully implemented and sustainable control programs are available (5-7). A minimal control strategy focusing solely on the porcine host has also been proposed although the cost-effectiveness of such has yet to be explored (8). Although acknowledgment has been made of the need for initiatives to be sustainable, we are yet to see sufficient consideration of the balance between the provision of public and private goods, and the need for engagement of the people and organizations in the pork value chains within T. solium control strategies. We utilized a food chain risk analysis model to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in terms of $/infective meal avoided, of combining a pharmaceutical intervention in pigs with strengthened meat hygiene services. The addition of a vaccination and treatment protocol, at an additional 10.3% cost, was illustrated to have the potential to improve the ICER of improving meat inspection by 74.6%. The vaccination and treatment protocol also had the potential to reduce the losses borne by the pork industry of condemned meat by 66%, highlighting the potential to leverage private sector investment in T. solium control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian F. Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E. Anne J. Cook
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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16
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Meester M, Swart A, Deng H, van Roon A, Trevisan C, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Vieira-Pinto M, Johansen MV, van der Giessen J. A quantitative risk assessment for human Taenia solium exposure from home slaughtered pigs in European countries. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:82. [PMID: 30755275 PMCID: PMC6371533 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium, a zoonotic tapeworm, is responsible for about a third of all preventable epilepsy human cases in endemic regions. In Europe, adequate biosecurity of pig housing and meat inspection practices have decreased the incidence of T. solium taeniosis and cysticercosis. Pigs slaughtered at home may have been raised in suboptimal biosecurity conditions and slaughtered without meat inspection. As a result, consumption of undercooked pork from home slaughtered pigs could pose a risk for exposure to T. solium. The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of human T. solium exposure from meat of home slaughtered pigs, in comparison to controlled slaughtered pigs, in European countries. A quantitative microbial risk assessment model (QMRA) was developed and porcine cysticercosis prevalence data, the percentage of home slaughtered pigs, meat inspection sensitivity, the cyst distribution in pork and pork consumption in five European countries, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Romania and Spain, were included as variables in the model. This was combined with literature about cooking habits to estimate the number of infected pork portions eaten per year in a country. RESULTS The results of the model showed a 13.83 times higher prevalence of contaminated pork portions from home slaughtered pigs than controlled slaughtered pigs. This difference is brought about by the higher prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs that are home raised and slaughtered. Meat inspection did not affect the higher exposure from pork that is home slaughtered. Cooking meat effectively lowered the risk of exposure to T. solium-infected pork. CONCLUSIONS This QMRA showed that there is still a risk of obtaining an infection with T. solium due to consumption of pork, especially when pigs are reared and slaughtered at home, using data of five European countries that reported porcine cysticercosis cases. We propose systematic reporting of cysticercosis cases in slaughterhouses, and in addition molecularly confirming suspected cases to gain more insight into the presence of T. solium in pigs and the risk for humans in Europe. When more data become available, this QMRA model could be used to evaluate human exposure to T. solium in Europe and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Meester
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Huifang Deng
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Annika van Roon
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animale Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Vang Johansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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17
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José MV, Bobadilla JR, Sánchez-Torres NY, Laclette JP. Mathematical model of the life cycle of taenia-cysticercosis: transmission dynamics and chemotherapy (Part 1). Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:18. [PMID: 30449280 PMCID: PMC6241031 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-018-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium is the aetiological agent of human taeniasis, pig cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis, which are serious public health problems, especially in developing countries. METHODS A mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of taeniasis-cysticercosis is formulated. The model consists of a coupled system of differential equations, which are density-dependent equations for describing the flow of the parasite through the life cycle. The model is hybrid since it comprises deterministic equations with stochastic elements which describe changes in the mean parasite burden and incorporates the overall pattern of the parasites' distribution. RESULTS Sensitivity and bifurcation analyses were carried out to determine the range of values of the model. The model can reproduce the observed epidemiological patterns of human taeniasis, pig and human cysticercosis. For example, for a wide range of parameter values, the mean intensity of adult worms tends to rapidly stabilize in one parasite per individual host. From this model, we also derived a Susceptible-Infected model to describe the prevalence of infection in humans and pigs. Chemotherapeutic interventions against pig cysticercosis or human taeniasis may reduce rapidly and effectively the mean intensity of human taeniasis, pig cysticercosis and human cysticercosis. This effect can be achieved even if the protective efficacy of the drug is of the order of 90% and the coverage rate is 90%. This means that health in humans infected either with adult worms or cysticerci may be achieved by the application of anthelmintic drugs against pig cysticercosis. However, treatment against human cysticercosis alone, does not influence neither human teniasis nor pig cysticercosis. This is because human cysticercosis infection does not influence the value of the basic reproductive number (Ro). CONCLUSIONS Even coverage of 100% in the administration of anthelmintics did not eliminate the infection. Then elimination of the infection in all hosts does not seem a feasible goal to achieve by administering only chemotherapeutic interventions. Throughout the manuscript a discussion of our model in the context of other models of taeniasis-cysticercosis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco V. José
- Theoretical Biology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Juan R. Bobadilla
- Theoretical Biology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Norma Y. Sánchez-Torres
- Theoretical Biology Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Juan Pedro Laclette
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
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18
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Trevisan C, Sotiraki S, Laranjo-González M, Dermauw V, Wang Z, Kärssin A, Cvetkovikj A, Winkler AS, Abraham A, Bobić B, Lassen B, Cretu CM, Vasile C, Arvanitis D, Deksne G, Boro I, Kucsera I, Karamon J, Stefanovska J, Koudela B, Pavlova MJ, Varady M, Pavlak M, Šarkūnas M, Kaminski M, Djurković-Djaković O, Jokelainen P, Jan DS, Schmidt V, Dakić Z, Gabriël S, Dorny P, Devleesschauwer B. Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: eastern Europe. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:569. [PMID: 30376899 PMCID: PMC6208121 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are food-borne parasites of global importance. In eastern Europe only fragmented information is available on the epidemiology of these zoonotic parasites in humans and animal populations. In particular for T. solium, on-going transmission is suspected. The aim of this systematic review was to collect the available data and describe the current knowledge on the epidemiology of T. solium and T. saginata in eastern Europe. METHODS Literature published in international databases from 1990 to 2017 was systematically reviewed. Furthermore, local sources and unpublished data from national databases were retrieved from local eastern European experts. The study area included 22 countries. RESULTS Researchers from 18 out of the 22 countries provided data from local and unpublished sources, while no contacts could be established with researchers from Belarus, Kosovo, Malta and Ukraine. Taeniosis and human cysticercosis cases were reported in 14 and 15 out of the 22 countries, respectively. Estonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia reported cases of porcine cysticercosis. Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine reported bovine cysticercosis. CONCLUSIONS There is indication that taeniosis and cysticercosis are present across eastern Europe but information on the occurrence of T. solium and T. saginata across the region remains incomplete. Available data are scarce and species identification is in most cases absent. Given the public health impact of T. solium and the potential economic and trade implications due to T. saginata, notification of taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be implemented and surveillance and notification systems in animals should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej, 100 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ziqi Wang
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Age Kärssin
- Veterinary and Food laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5–7, 1000 Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Andrea S. Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette Abraham
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brian Lassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej, 100 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carmen Michaela Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cozma Vasile
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dimitris Arvanitis
- Department of Microbiology, 424 Military General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Health and Environment, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilievski Boro
- Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - István Kucsera
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5–7, 1000 Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Břetislav Koudela
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Jurhar Pavlova
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical faculty, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Marian Varady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marina Pavlak
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dagny Stojčević Jan
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zorica Dakić
- Parasitological Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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Carpio A, Fleury A, Kelvin EA, Romo ML, Abraham R, Tellez-Zenteno J. New guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of neurocysticercosis: a difficult proposal for patients in endemic countries. Expert Rev Neurother 2018; 18:743-747. [PMID: 30185077 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1518133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment for neurocysticercosis (NC) from the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene were developed to be used in the United States and Canada, where only a small fraction of NC cases occur. Areas covered: The paper discusses the strengths and weakness of the proposed guidelines. Expert commentary: Although these new guidelines bring much needed attention to a neglected parasitic disease, some of the recommendations made are based on insufficient and/or inadequate evidence. The authors only recommend one specific immunological assay for use in the diagnosis of NC, when evidence clearly supports other options. The authors strongly recommend dual-anthelminthic for patients with multiple active parenchymal cysts on the basis of one clinical trial that was stopped early. The authors recommend surgical removal of cysts in the fourth ventricle and long-term treatment for subarachnoid NC despite their own admission that there is little evidence to support these recommendations. We propose that clinicians should approach some of the recommendations in the new guidelines with caution and call for the establishment of gold-standard guidelines that can be used and adapted for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with NC worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Carpio
- a Facultad de Ciencias Médicas , Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador , New York , USA.,b G.H. Sergievsky Center , Columbia University , New York , USA
| | - Agnés Fleury
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma , México DF , México.,d Secretaría de Salud , Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía , México DF , México
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- e Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, and the CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health , City University of New York , New York , USA
| | - Matthew L Romo
- e Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, and the CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health , City University of New York , New York , USA
| | - Ronaldo Abraham
- f Departamento de Medicina , Universidade de Taubaté , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jose Tellez-Zenteno
- g Division of Neurology Royal University Hospital , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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20
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Symeonidou I, Arsenopoulos K, Tzilves D, Soba B, Gabriël S, Papadopoulos E. Human taeniasis/cysticercosis: a potentially emerging parasitic disease in Europe. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:406-412. [PMID: 29991885 PMCID: PMC6033766 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia saginata (T. saginata)/Taenia solium (T. solium) taeniasis/cysticercosis disease complexes remain a significant challenge for food safety and public health. Human taeniasis is an infectious disease caused by the ingestion of the metacestode larval stage, the cysticerci of T. saginata in beef or T. solium in pork. Humans can also become infected via the ingestion of T. solium eggs. In this case, the cysticerci can establish in the central nervous system, causing the infection called neurocysticercosis. T. solium is of higher importance than T. saginata because the former species can cause neurocysticercosis in humans, a major cause of neurological morbidity in the world. The taeniasis/cysticercosis complex is included in the list of neglected zoonotic diseases by the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization, with T. solium being the number one foodborne parasite; it occurs mostly in developing countries, such as regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America, where the disease remains endemic. Long absent in Western Europe and other developed countries, cysticercosis has been recently re-emerged as a result of immigration, travel and commerce. In this review, cysticercosis is presented with special emphasis on some aspects of this neglected disease: the main clinical manifestations, risk factors and epidemiology. In addition, any recent advances in diagnostic approaches and treatment are discussed. Finally, the complexities involved in the control of the disease and the need to revise current management strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaia Symeonidou
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (Isaia Symeonidou, Konstantinos Arsenopoulos, Elias Papadopoulos)
| | - Konstantinos Arsenopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (Isaia Symeonidou, Konstantinos Arsenopoulos, Elias Papadopoulos)
| | - Dimitrios Tzilves
- Gastroenterology Department, Theageneio Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (Dimitrios Tzilves)
| | - Barbara Soba
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia (Barbara Soba)
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium (Sarah Gabriël)
| | - Elias Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece (Isaia Symeonidou, Konstantinos Arsenopoulos, Elias Papadopoulos)
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21
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Carpio A, Fleury A, Romo ML, Abraham R. Neurocysticercosis: the good, the bad, and the missing. Expert Rev Neurother 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1451328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Carpio
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnès Fleury
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, Ciudad de México, México
- Secretaría de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Matthew L. Romo
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronaldo Abraham
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Fonseca AG, Torgal J, de Meneghi D, Gabriël S, Coelho AC, Vilhena M. One Health-ness Evaluation of Cysticercosis Surveillance Design in Portugal. Front Public Health 2018; 6:74. [PMID: 29594095 PMCID: PMC5859019 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of human cysticercosis, a zoonotic neglected disease, is challenging the traditional prevention and control paradigm and calling for One Health (OH) solutions in industrialized countries. OH solutions for health interventions are increasingly being used to capture expected and unexpected outcomes across people, animals, and the environment. The Network for Evaluation of One Health (NEOH) proposes an evidence-based framework, relying on systems and mixed methods approaches to evaluate the One Health-ness. In this case study, this tool is used to evaluate the design of the Observatory of Taeniasis and Cysticercosis, as an example of intersectorial collaboration for surveillance in Portugal. The OH Initiative (drivers and expected outcomes) and its system (boundaries, aim, dimensions, actors, and stakeholders) were described. The different aspects of this Initiative were scored with values from 0 (=no OH approach) to 1 (=perfect OH approach). The OH index was 0.31. Its OH ratio is 1.98. Overall scores were as follows: OH thinking 0.75; OH planning 0.60; OH working 0.60; OH sharing 0.35; OH learning 0.50; and systemic organization 0.50. Operational levels of the Initiative are the main strengths, indicating a comprehensive multidimensional innovative approach and transdisciplinarity. Critical issues in the supporting infrastructure were observed, related to communication, learning and organizational gaps in the project, with the evaluation being conducted as the project is being designed and implemented. The strengths and weaknesses detected may be used to refine the Initiative. This case study therefore exemplifies and supports OH assessment also for ongoing projects, at design and early implementation stages for guiding and guaranteeing an OH-oriented perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gloria Fonseca
- Public Health Department, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Torgal
- Public Health Department, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniele de Meneghi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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23
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Bouwknegt M, Devleesschauwer B, Graham H, Robertson LJ, van der Giessen JWB. Prioritisation of food-borne parasites in Europe, 2016. Euro Surveill 2018; 23:17-00161. [PMID: 29510783 PMCID: PMC5840924 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.9.17-00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsPriority setting is a challenging task for public health professionals. To support health professionals with this and in following a recommendation from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO), 35 European parasitologists attended a workshop from 8-12 February 2016 to rank food-borne parasites (FBP) in terms of their importance for Europe and regions within Europe. Methods: Countries were divided into European regions according to those used by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. We used the same multicriteria decision analysis approach as the FAO/WHO, for comparison of results, and a modified version, for better regional representation. Twenty-five FBP were scored in subgroups, using predefined decision rules. Results: At the European level, Echinococcus multilocularis ranked first, followed by Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis. At the regional level, E. multilocularis ranked highest in Northern and Eastern Europe, E. granulosus in South-Western and South-Eastern Europe, and T. gondii in Western Europe. Anisakidae, ranking 17th globally, appeared in each European region's top 10. In contrast, Taenia solium, ranked highest globally but 10th for Europe. Conclusions: FBP of importance in Europe differ from those of importance globally, requiring targeted surveillance systems, intervention measures, and preparedness planning that differ across the world and across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Bouwknegt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heather Graham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joke WB van der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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24
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of Taenia solium α-enolase. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:36-42. [PMID: 29657009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) acts as a multifunctional enzyme in many organisms, being involved in metabolism, transcription regulation and pathogenesis. In the current study, the recombinant α-enolase from Taenia solium (His-Tseno) was prepared and antiserum against His-Tseno was generated in rabbits. Consequently, we analyzed the enzymatic characteristics, plasminogen binding activity, tissue localization and expression patterns of Tseno. The study demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of His-Tseno was enhanced at pH around 7.0-7.5 and affected by addition of metal ions. Kinetic measurements using 2-phospho-d-glycerate (2-PGA) substrates gave a specific activity of 60.72 ± 0.84 U/mg and 1.1 mM of Km2-PGA value. Plasminogen binding assay showed that His-Tseno could bind to human plasminogen and generate plasmin activated by a tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). In addition, the lysine analogue 6-aminocaproic acid (ε-ACA) could inhibit the binding of plasminogen to His-Tseno. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that Tseno was expressed 2.38 folds higher in the adult worms (p < 0.05) than in the cysticerci. Further, an immunolocalization assay indicated that native Tseno was mainly distributed in the tegument and eggs of gravid proglottis from adult T. solium. In conclusion, Tseno executes the innate glycolytic function to supply energy for the growth, egg production, and even invasion of T. solium.
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25
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Laranjo-González M, Devleesschauwer B, Trevisan C, Allepuz A, Sotiraki S, Abraham A, Afonso MB, Blocher J, Cardoso L, Correia da Costa JM, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Gomes J, Gómez-Morales MÁ, Jokelainen P, Kaminski M, Krt B, Magnussen P, Robertson LJ, Schmidt V, Schmutzhard E, Smit GSA, Šoba B, Stensvold CR, Starič J, Troell K, Rataj AV, Vieira-Pinto M, Vilhena M, Wardrop NA, Winkler AS, Dermauw V. Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: Western Europe. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:349. [PMID: 28732550 PMCID: PMC5521153 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are zoonotic parasites of public health importance. Data on their occurrence in humans and animals in western Europe are incomplete and fragmented. In this study, we aimed to update the current knowledge on the epidemiology of these parasites in this region. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of scientific and grey literature published from 1990 to 2015 on the epidemiology of T. saginata and T. solium in humans and animals. Additionally, data about disease occurrence were actively sought by contacting local experts in the different countries. RESULTS Taeniosis cases were found in twelve out of eighteen countries in western Europe. No cases were identified in Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. For Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and the UK, annual taeniosis cases were reported and the number of detected cases per year ranged between 1 and 114. Detected prevalences ranged from 0.05 to 0.27%, whereas estimated prevalences ranged from 0.02 to 0.67%. Most taeniosis cases were reported as Taenia spp. or T. saginata, although T. solium was reported in Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, Portugal and the UK. Human cysticercosis cases were reported in all western European countries except for Iceland, with the highest number originating from Portugal and Spain. Most human cysticercosis cases were suspected to have acquired the infection outside western Europe. Cases of T. solium in pigs were found in Austria and Portugal, but only the two cases from Portugal were confirmed with molecular methods. Germany, Spain and Slovenia reported porcine cysticercosis, but made no Taenia species distinction. Bovine cysticercosis was detected in all countries except for Iceland, with a prevalence based on meat inspection of 0.0002-7.82%. CONCLUSIONS Detection and reporting of taeniosis in western Europe should be improved. The existence of T. solium tapeworm carriers, of suspected autochthonous cases of human cysticercosis and the lack of confirmation of porcine cysticercosis cases deserve further attention. Suspected cases of T. solium in pigs should be confirmed by molecular methods. Both taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be notifiable and surveillance in animals should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Annette Abraham
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mariana Boaventura Afonso
- Divisão de Proteção Veterinária e Pecuária, Direção de Serviços de Alimentação e Veterinária, Direção Regional de Agricultura, Secretaria Regional de Agricultura e Pescas, Av. Arriaga, 21 Edifício Golden, 3° Andar, 9000-690, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Joachim Blocher
- Institute for Acute Neurology and Stroke, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Correia da Costa
- Center for Parasite Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,Center for the Study of Animal Science (CECA), Institute for Agricultural and Agro-Alimentary Science and Technology (ICETA), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacinto Gomes
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Fungi & Parasites, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Brane Krt
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pascal Magnussen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, section for Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erich Schmutzhard
- Department of Neurology, NICU Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Suzanne A Smit
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Šoba
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Fungi & Parasites, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jože Starič
- Clinic for reproduction and large animals - section for ruminants, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karin Troell
- National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Vergles Rataj
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nicola Ann Wardrop
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Gómez-Morales MA, Gárate T, Blocher J, Devleesschauwer B, Smit GSA, Schmidt V, Perteguer MJ, Ludovisi A, Pozio E, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Winkler AS. Present status of laboratory diagnosis of human taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2029-2040. [PMID: 28669015 PMCID: PMC5653711 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human cysticercosis (CC) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage (cyst) of the Taenia solium. Cysts can establish in the human central nervous system (neurocysticercosis, NCC) and other organs and tissues; they also develop in pigs, the natural intermediate host. Human taeniosis may be caused by T. solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica tapeworms; these infections are usually asymptomatic, but show a significant relevance as they perpetuate the parasites’ life cycle, and, in the case of T. solium, they are the origin of (N)CC. In European Union (EU) member states and associated countries, the occurrence of autochthonous T. solium cases is debated, and imported cases have significantly increased lately; the status of T. asiatica has been never reported, whereas T. saginata is prevalent and causes an economic impact due to condemned carcasses. Based on their effects on the EU society, the specific diagnosis of these pathologies is relevant for their prevention and control. The aims of this study were to know the diagnostic tests used in European laboratories for human taeniosis/cysticercosis by means of a questionnaire, to determine potential gaps in their detection, and to obtain preliminary data on the number of diagnosed taeniosis/CC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gómez-Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - T Gárate
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Blocher
- Institute of Acute Neurology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Carinagasse 47, 6800, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - B Devleesschauwer
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G S A Smit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - M J Perteguer
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ludovisi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - E Pozio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - P Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Gabriël
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A S Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Okello AL, Thomas LF. Human taeniasis: current insights into prevention and management strategies in endemic countries. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2017; 10:107-116. [PMID: 28615981 PMCID: PMC5461055 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human taeniasis is a zoonotic condition resulting from infection with the adult stages of Taenia saginata ("beef tapeworm"), Taenia solium ("pork tapeworm") or Taenia asiatica ("Asian tapeworm"). Although these parasites have a worldwide distribution, the overwhelming burden is felt by communities in low- and middle-income countries. This is particularly true for T. solium, whereby infection of the central nervous system with the larval stage of the parasite (neurocysticercosis) is a major cause of acquired epilepsy in low-resource settings. With a focus on endemic countries, this review provides an insight into the prevention and management of human taeniasis, concluding with some recent case studies describing their implementation. Discussion of the opportunities and challenges regarding current fecal and serological diagnostic assays for detecting Taenia spp. highlights the importance of accurate and accessible diagnostic options for the field situation. The lack of long-term impact on the parasites' lifecycle from human anthelmintic treatment, coupled with the propensity for adverse reactions, highlights the importance of a "two-pronged" approach that considers the relevant animal hosts, particularly in the case of T. solium. Aside from the therapeutic options, this review reiterates the importance of adequate assessment and consideration of the associated behavioral and policy aspects around sanitation, hygiene and meat inspection that have been shown to support parasite control, and potential elimination, in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Okello
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
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Davaasuren A, Davaajav A, Ukhnaa B, Purvee A, Unurkhaan S, Luvsan A, Logan JE, Ito A. Neurocysticercosis: A case study of a Mongolian traveler who visited China and India with an updated review in Asia. Travel Med Infect Dis 2017; 20:31-36. [PMID: 28478337 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) of Taenia solium has never been reported in Mongolia. A Mongolian traveler who visited China and India presented with epileptic seizures after his return to Mongolia. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple ring enhancing lesions with edema surrounding several lesions in his brain that were initially diagnosed to be viral encephalitis or NCC. METHODS Serology for cysticercosis using diagnostic antigens partially purified by cation-exchange chromatography and chimeric recombinant antigens and DNA analysis of a proglottid found in the patient's stool were applied for differential diagnosis. RESULTS Serology showed strong positivity for NCC, and mitochondrial cox1 gene analysis revealed Indian but not Chinese haplotype of T. solium. CONCLUSION This NCC case was considered to be caused by eggs released from adult tapeworm(s) established after eating uncooked or undercooked pork contaminated with cysticerci during his stay in India. This is a case report of taeniasis and secondary NCC associated with travel to India with an updated review of NCC in Asia. Molecular tracking of the specimen is highly informative as a way to identify where the infection was acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Davaasuren
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Abmed Davaajav
- Laboratory of Parasitology, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Baigalmaa Ukhnaa
- Department of Radiology, Luxmed Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | | | - Saraa Unurkhaan
- Neurology Center, The State Third Central Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Amartuvshin Luvsan
- Department of Radiology, The State Third Central Hospital, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Jenae E Logan
- Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine and Global Health Institute, Duke University, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.
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Cooper AJR, Dholakia S, Holland CV, Friend PJ. Helminths in organ transplantation. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e166-e176. [PMID: 28233632 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With transplantation becoming an increasingly routine form of treatment for diverse populations, and with international travel becoming ever more accessible and affordable, the danger of transplantation-mediated helminth infections, exacerbated by coincident immunosuppression, must be considered. In this Review, we attempt to catalogue all clinically-relevant helminthiases that have been reported to coincide with transplantation, whether by transplantation-mediated transmission, reactivation of latent infections in an immunosuppressed context, or possible de-novo infection during the immunosuppressed peritransplant period. Helminthiasis has been reported in cases of kidney, liver, bowel, pancreas, heart, lung, and stem-cell transplant, and blood transfusion. For each helminthiasis, known risk factors, symptoms, and suggested options for screening and treatment are given. We conclude that helminths are a small but important and potentially severe source of disease after transplantation, and, with options for diagnosis and treatment, these pathogens warrant greater consideration during organ implantation. The achievement of immunological tolerance using helminth-derived products is also an exciting future prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J R Cooper
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shamik Dholakia
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Celia V Holland
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter J Friend
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Transplant Centre, University of Oxford and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Blaizot R, Melot B, Schepers K, Nicolas M, Gaumond S, Poullain P, Belaye L, Lannuzel A, Hoen B. Report of three imported cases of neurocysticercosis in Guadeloupe. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:106. [PMID: 28143423 PMCID: PMC5282648 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis is endemic in most countries of Central and South America but has rarely been described in the French West Indies. We aimed to better understand the clinical and radiological presentation of our cases. CASE PRESENTATION We report three cases of neurocysticercosis in patients living in Guadeloupe, with different clinical and radiological presentations. CONCLUSION Given the eventuality of autochtonous transmission, the diagnosis should be considered in all patients living in Guadeloupe presenting with seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Blaizot
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales et Inserm-CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - B. Melot
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales et Inserm-CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - K. Schepers
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales et Inserm-CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - M. Nicolas
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie clinique et environnementale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - S. Gaumond
- Service d’anatomo-pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - P. Poullain
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - L. Belaye
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - A. Lannuzel
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Antilles Guyane, Université des Antilles, EA 4537 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, UM 75, U1127, ICM, Paris, F-75013 France
| | - B. Hoen
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales et Inserm-CIC 1424, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Faculté de Médecine Antilles Guyane, Université des Antilles, EA 4537 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe France
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Minciullo PL, Cascio A, Isola S, Gangemi S. Different clinical allergological features of Taenia solium infestation. Clin Mol Allergy 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 27980457 PMCID: PMC5143454 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-016-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tapeworm Taenia (T.) solium can be responsible for two different conditions: taeniasis and cysticercosis. Helminth infections in human host cause an immune response associated with elevated levels of IgE, tissue eosinophilia and mastocytosis, and with the presence of CD4+ T cells that preferentially produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Individuals exposed to helminth infections may have allergic inflammatory responses to parasites and parasite antigens. PubMed search of human cases of allergic reactions occurring during T. solium infestation was performed combining the terms (allergy, urticaria, angioedema, asthma, anaphylaxis) with T. solium. A study was considered eligible for inclusion in the review if it reported data on patients with T. solium infestation who had signs or symptoms of allergy. In literature we found six articles reporting the association between an allergic reaction and T. solium infestation: two cases of urticaria, two cases of relapsing angioedema, one case of asthma and two cases of anaphylaxis. Despite the large diffusion of T. solium infestation, we found only a few cases of concomitant allergic reaction and the presence of Taenia in the host. The association between T. solium infestation and allergic manifestations has never been clearly demonstrated, and in absence of a well-documented causality the hypotheses are merely speculative. Therefore, the association between Taenia infection and allergy needs to be thoroughly studied to better clarify if this association may really exist and which is the pathogenetic mechanism supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lucia Minciullo
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Isola
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy ; Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Messina Unit, Messina, Italy
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Lassen B, Janson M, Viltrop A, Neare K, Hütt P, Golovljova I, Tummeleht L, Jokelainen P. Serological Evidence of Exposure to Globally Relevant Zoonotic Parasites in the Estonian Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164142. [PMID: 27723790 PMCID: PMC5056716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated Estonian population and its selected subgroups for serological evidence of exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus spp., Taenia solium, Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella spiralis. Serum samples from 999 adults representing general population, 248 children aged 14-18, 158 veterinarians, 375 animal caretakers, and 144 hunters were tested for specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against the selected parasites using commercial enzyme immunoassays (ELISA). Sera yielding positive or twice grey zone Echinococcus spp, T. solium, T. canis, and T. spiralis results were subjected to western blot (WB) analysis. In the general population, based on the ELISA results, the A. lumbricoides seroprevalence was 12.7%, Echinococcus spp. seroprevalence was 3.3%, T. solium seroprevalence was 0.7%, T. canis seroprevalence was 12.1%, T. gondii seroprevalence was 55.8%, and T. spiralis seroprevalence was 3.1%. Ascaris lumbricoides seroprevalences were higher in children and in animal caretakers than in the general population, and T. canis seroprevalence was higher in animal caretakers than in the general population. Compared with the general population, Echinococcus spp. seroprevalence was higher in children. By contrast, T. gondii seroprevalence was higher in animal caretakers, and lower in children, than in the general population. In the general population, the WB-confirmed Echinococcus spp. seroprevalence was 0.5%, T. solium cysticercosis seroprevalence was 0.0%, Toxocara spp. seroprevalence was 14.5%, and Trichinella spp. seroprevalence was 2.7%. WB-confirmed Toxocara spp. seroprevalence was higher in animal caretakers than in the general population. We found serological evidence of exposure to zoonotic parasites in all tested groups. This calls for higher awareness of zoonotic parasitic infections in Estonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lassen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marilin Janson
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arvo Viltrop
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kädi Neare
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pirje Hütt
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Chair of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Irina Golovljova
- Department of Virology, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Lea Tummeleht
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Laranjo-González M, Devleesschauwer B, Gabriël S, Dorny P, Allepuz A. Epidemiology, impact and control of bovine cysticercosis in Europe: a systematic review. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:81. [PMID: 26860313 PMCID: PMC4748494 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine cysticercosis in Europe has been known for centuries but the data showing the occurrence of this zoonosis are scarce. The aim of this paper is to review and present the current knowledge on bovine cysticercosis in Europe. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies published between 1990 and November 2014. Qualitative and quantitative data on prevalence, risk factors, burden and interventions were extracted and analysed. RESULTS Reports on prevalence were available for 23 European countries, mostly from western and central Europe; for a few of these only data before 1990 were available. Prevalence based on meat inspection was generally low (below 6.2% in 95% of the records) and varied between and within countries. Serology and detailed meat inspection provided a higher prevalence range (0.41-14%). Only few studies analysing risk factors were identified. Reported factors related to access to pastures and risky waters, dairy production and uncontrolled human defecation in the proximity of the farm among others. Only one estimate of the economic impact of the disease could be identified. Recommended interventions were focused on increasing diagnostic tests sensitivity or the application of risk based surveillance strategies. CONCLUSIONS There is a lack of complete and updated data on most countries, especially in eastern Europe. Further risk factor studies might be needed together with estimates on the burden of the disease in all European countries. Risk-based interventions are being encouraged but current data are limited to guide this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Laranjo-González
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA)-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
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