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Yang Z, Gordon D, Chen Y, Li H, Wu Y, Meng Z. Understanding the effects of mineralization and structure on the mechanical properties of tendon-bone insertion using mesoscale computational modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 160:106735. [PMID: 39288664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Tendon-bone fibrocartilaginous insertion, or enthesis, is a specialized interfacial region that connects tendon and bone, effectively transferring forces while minimizing stress concentrations. Previous studies have shown that insertion features gradient mineralization and branching fiber structure, which are believed to play critical roles in its excellent function. However, the specific structure-function relationship, particularly the effects of mineralization and structure at the mesoscale fiber level on the properties and function of insertion, remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop mesoscale computational models of the distinct fiber organization at tendon-bone insertions, capturing the branching network from tendon to interface fibers and the different mineralization scales. We specifically analyze three key descriptors: the mineralization scale of interface fibers, the mean, and relative standard deviation of the local branching angles of interface fibers. Tensile test simulations on insertion models with varying mineralization scales of interface fibers and structures are performed to mimic the primary loading condition applied to the insertion. We measure and analyze five representative mechanical properties: Young's modulus, strength, toughness, resilience, and failure strain. Our results reveal that mechanical properties are significantly influenced by the three key descriptors, with tradeoffs observed between mutually exclusive properties. For instance, strength and resilience plateau beyond a certain mineralization scale, while failure strain and Young's modulus exhibit monotonic decreasing and increasing trends, respectively. Consequently, there exists an optimal mineralization scale for toughness due to these tradeoffs. By analyzing the mesoscale deformation and failure mechanisms from simulation trajectories, we identify three fracture regimes closely related to the trends in mechanical properties, supporting the observed tradeoffs. Additionally, we examine in detail the effects of the mean and relative standard deviation of local branching angles on mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms. Overall, our study enhances the fundamental understanding of the composition-structure-function relationships at the tendon-bone insertion, complementing recent experimental studies. The mechanical insights from our work have the potential to guide the future biomimetic design of fibrillar adhesives and interfaces for joining soft and hard materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangke Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Daniel Gordon
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Yitong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Yongren Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Zhaoxu Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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2
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Chen Y, Li Y, Zhu W, Liu Q. Biomimetic gradient scaffolds for the tissue engineering and regeneration of rotator cuff enthesis. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032005. [PMID: 38697099 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad467d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, which often results in recurrent shoulder pain and limited movement. Enthesis is a structurally complex and functionally critical interface connecting tendon and bone that plays an essential role in maintaining integrity of the shoulder joint. Despite the availability of advanced surgical procedures for rotator cuff repair, there is a high rate of failure following surgery due to suboptimal enthesis healing and regeneration. Novel strategies based on tissue engineering are gaining popularity in improving tendon-bone interface (TBI) regeneration. Through incorporating physical and biochemical cues into scaffold design which mimics the structure and composition of native enthesis is advantageous to guide specific differentiation of seeding cells and facilitate the formation of functional tissues. In this review, we summarize the current state of research in enthesis tissue engineering highlighting the development and application of biomimetic scaffolds that replicate the gradient TBI. We also discuss the latest techniques for fabricating potential translatable scaffolds such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidic device. While preclinical studies have demonstrated encouraging results of biomimetic gradient scaffolds, the translation of these findings into clinical applications necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their safety and long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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3
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Liu N, Jiang J, Liu T, Chen H, Jiang N. Compositional, Structural, and Biomechanical Properties of Three Different Soft Tissue-Hard Tissue Insertions: A Comparative Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2659-2679. [PMID: 38697939 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Connective tissue attaches to bone across an insertion with spatial gradients in components, microstructure, and biomechanics. Due to regional stress concentrations between two mechanically dissimilar materials, the insertion is vulnerable to mechanical damage during joint movements and difficult to repair completely, which remains a significant clinical challenge. Despite interface stress concentrations, the native insertion physiologically functions as the effective load-transfer device between soft tissue and bone. This review summarizes tendon, ligament, and meniscus insertions cross-sectionally, which is novel in this field. Herein, the similarities and differences between the three kinds of insertions in terms of components, microstructure, and biomechanics are compared in great detail. This review begins with describing the basic components existing in the four zones (original soft tissue, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone) of each kind of insertion, respectively. It then discusses the microstructure constructed from collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), minerals and others, which provides key support for the biomechanical properties and affects its physiological functions. Finally, the review continues by describing variations in mechanical properties at the millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale, which minimize stress concentrations and control stretch at the insertion. In summary, investigating the contrasts between the three has enlightening significance for future directions of repair strategies of insertion diseases and for bioinspired approaches to effective soft-hard interfaces and other tough and robust materials in medicine and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China
| | - Jialing Jiang
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, China
| | - Haozhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, & West China Hospital of Stomatology and the Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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4
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Steltzer SS, Abraham AC, Killian ML. Interfacial Tissue Regeneration with Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:290-298. [PMID: 38358401 PMCID: PMC11060924 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-024-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interfacial tissue exists throughout the body at cartilage-to-bone (osteochondral interface) and tendon-to-bone (enthesis) interfaces. Healing of interfacial tissues is a current challenge in regenerative approaches because the interface plays a critical role in stabilizing and distributing the mechanical stress between soft tissues (e.g., cartilage and tendon) and bone. The purpose of this review is to identify new directions in the field of interfacial tissue development and physiology that can guide future regenerative strategies for improving post-injury healing. RECENT FINDINGS Cues from interfacial tissue development may guide regeneration including biological cues such as cell phenotype and growth factor signaling; structural cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, ECM, and cell alignment; and mechanical cues such as compression, tension, shear, and the stiffness of the cellular microenvironment. In this review, we explore new discoveries in the field of interfacial biology related to ECM remodeling, cellular metabolism, and fate. Based on emergent findings across multiple disciplines, we lay out a framework for future innovations in the design of engineered strategies for interface regeneration. Many of the key mechanisms essential for interfacial tissue development and adaptation have high potential for improving outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Steltzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam C Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan L Killian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Camy C, Grünewald T, Lamy E, Roseren F, Caumes M, Fovet T, Brioche T, Genovesio C, Chopard A, Pithioux M, Roffino S. Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101734. [PMID: 38292933 PMCID: PMC10825371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The fibrocartilaginous tendon enthesis, i.e. the site where a tendon is attached to bone through a fibrocartilaginous tissue, is considered as a functionally graded interface. However, at local scale, a very limited number of studies have characterized micromechanical properties of this transitional tissue. The first goal of this work was to characterize the micromechanical properties of the mineralized part of the healthy Achilles tendon enthesis (ATE) through microindentation testing and to assess the degree of mineralization and of carbonation of mineral crystals by Raman spectroscopy. Since little is known about enthesis biological plasticity, our second objective was to examine the effects of unloading and reloading, using a mouse hindlimb-unloading model, on both the micromechanical properties and the mineral phase of the ATE. Elastic modulus, hardness, degree of mineralization, and degree of carbonation were assessed after 14 days of hindlimb suspension and again after a subsequent 6 days of reloading. The elastic modulus gradually increased along the mineralized part of the ATE from the tidemark to the subchondral bone, with the same trend being found for hardness. Whereas the degree of carbonation did not differ according to zone of measurement, the degree of mineralization increased by >70 % from tidemark to subchondral bone. Thus, the gradient in micromechanical properties is in part explained by a mineralization gradient. A 14-day unloading period did not appear to affect the gradient of micromechanical properties of the ATE, nor the degree of mineralization or carbonation. However, contrary to a short period of unloading, early return to normal mechanical load reduced the micromechanical properties gradient, regardless of carbonate-to-phosphate ratios, likely due to the more homogeneous degree of mineralization. These findings provide valuable data not only for tissue bioengineering, but also for musculoskeletal clinical studies and microgravity studies focusing on long-term space travel by astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Camy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Tilman Grünewald
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Edouard Lamy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Flavy Roseren
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Mecabio Platform, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Théo Fovet
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Brioche
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Angèle Chopard
- DMEM, Montpellier University, INRAE, UMR 866, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Mecabio Platform, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 13009 Marseille, France
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6
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Pugliese E, Rossoni A, Zeugolis DI. Enthesis repair - State of play. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 157:213740. [PMID: 38183690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The fibrocartilaginous enthesis is a highly specialised tissue interface that ensures a smooth mechanical transfer between tendon or ligament and bone through a fibrocartilage area. This tissue is prone to injury and often does not heal, even after surgical intervention. Enthesis augmentation approaches are challenging due to the complexity of the tissue that is characterised by the coexistence of a range of cellular and extracellular components, architectural features and mechanical properties within only hundreds of micrometres. Herein, we discuss enthesis repair and regeneration strategies, with particular focus on elegant interfacial and functionalised scaffold-based designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea Rossoni
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Li X, Ren Y, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Nanofibrous scaffolds for the healing of the fibrocartilaginous enthesis: advances and prospects. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1313-1332. [PMID: 37614124 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00212h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
With the current developmental advancements in nanotechnology, nanofibrous scaffolds are being widely used. The healing of fibrocartilaginous enthesis is a slow and complex process, and while existing treatments have a certain effect on promoting their healing, these are associated with some limitations. The nanofibrous scaffold has the advantages of easy preparation, wide source of raw materials, easy adjustment, easy modification, can mimic the natural structure and morphology of the fibrocartilaginous enthesis, and has good biocompatibility, which can compensate for existing treatments and be combined with them to promote the repair of fibrocartilaginous enthesis. The nanofibrous scaffold can promote the healing of fibrocartilaginous enthesis by controlling the morphology and ensuring controlled drug release. Hence, the use of nanofibrous scaffold with stimulative response features in the musculoskeletal system has led us to imagine its potential application in fibrocartilaginous enthesis. Therefore, the healing of fibrocartilaginous enthesis based on a nanofibrous scaffold may be a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yan Ren
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yueguang Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yiming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China.
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8
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Tits A, Blouin S, Rummler M, Kaux JF, Drion P, van Lenthe GH, Weinkamer R, Hartmann MA, Ruffoni D. Structural and functional heterogeneity of mineralized fibrocartilage at the Achilles tendon-bone insertion. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:409-418. [PMID: 37088163 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A demanding task of the musculoskeletal system is the attachment of tendon to bone at entheses. This region often presents a thin layer of fibrocartilage (FC), mineralized close to the bone and unmineralized close to the tendon. Mineralized FC deserves increased attention, owing to its crucial anchoring task and involvement in enthesis pathologies. Here, we analyzed mineralized FC and subchondral bone at the Achilles tendon-bone insertion of rats. This location features enthesis FC anchoring tendon to bone and sustaining tensile loads, and periosteal FC facilitating bone-tendon sliding with accompanying compressive and shear forces. Using a correlative multimodal investigation, we evaluated potential specificities in mineral content, fiber organization and mechanical properties of enthesis and periosteal FC. Both tissues had a lower degree of mineralization than subchondral bone, yet used the available mineral very efficiently: for the same local mineral content, they had higher stiffness and hardness than bone. We found that enthesis FC was characterized by highly aligned mineralized collagen fibers even far away from the attachment region, whereas periosteal FC had a rich variety of fiber arrangements. Except for an initial steep spatial gradient between unmineralized and mineralized FC, local mechanical properties were surprisingly uniform inside enthesis FC while a modulation in stiffness, independent from mineral content, was observed in periosteal FC. We interpreted these different structure-property relationships as a demonstration of the high versatility of FC, providing high strength at the insertion (to resist tensile loading) and a gradual compliance at the periosteal surface (to resist contact stresses). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mineralized fibrocartilage (FC) at entheses facilitates the integration of tendon in bone, two strongly dissimilar tissues. We focus on the structure-function relationships of two types of mineralized FC, enthesis and periosteal, which have clearly distinct mechanical demands. By investigating them with multiple high-resolution methods in a correlative manner, we demonstrate differences in fiber architecture and mechanical properties between the two tissues, indicative of their mechanical roles. Our results are relevant both from a medical viewpoint, targeting a clinically relevant location, as well as from a material science perspective, identifying FC as high-performance versatile composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tits
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Rummler
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- Experimental Surgery unit, GIGA & Credec, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Richard Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Davide Ruffoni
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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9
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Buss DJ, Rechav K, Reznikov N, McKee MD. Mineral tessellation in mouse enthesis fibrocartilage, Achilles tendon, and Hyp calcifying enthesopathy: A shared 3D mineralization pattern. Bone 2023:116818. [PMID: 37295663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of enthesis architecture is the 3D compositional and structural gradient encompassing four tissue zones - tendon/ligament, uncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage and bone. This functional gradient accommodates the large stiffness differential between calcified bone and uncalcified tendon/ligament. Here we analyze in 3D the organization of the mouse Achilles enthesis and mineralizing Achilles tendon in comparison to lamellar bone. We use correlative, multiscale high-resolution volume imaging methods including μCT with submicrometer resolution and FIB-SEM tomography (both with deep learning-based image segmentation), and TEM and SEM imaging, to describe ultrastructural features of physiologic, age-related and aberrant mineral patterning. We applied these approaches to murine wildtype (WT) Achilles enthesis tissues to describe in normal calcifying fibrocartilage a crossfibrillar mineral tessellation pattern similar to that observed in lamellar bone, but with greater variance in mineral tesselle morphology and size. We also examined Achilles enthesis structure in Hyp mice, a murine model for the inherited osteomalacic disease X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) with calcifying enthesopathy. In Achilles enthesis fibrocartilage of Hyp mice, we show defective crossfibrillar mineral tessellation similar to that which occurs in Hyp lamellar bone. At the cellular level in fibrocartilage, unlike in bone where enlarged osteocyte mineral lacunae are found as peri-osteocytic lesions, mineral lacunar volumes for fibrochondrocytes did not differ between WT and Hyp mice. While both WT and Hyp aged mice demonstrate Achilles tendon midsubstance ectopic mineralization, a consistently defective mineralization pattern was observed in Hyp mice. Strong immunostaining for osteopontin was observed at all mineralization sites examined in both WT and Hyp mice. Taken together, this new 3D ultrastructural information describes details of common mineralization trajectories for enthesis, tendon and bone, which in Hyp/XLH are defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Buss
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katya Rechav
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalie Reznikov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc D McKee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Shiroud Heidari B, Ruan R, Vahabli E, Chen P, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Zheng M, Doyle B. Natural, synthetic and commercially-available biopolymers used to regenerate tendons and ligaments. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:179-197. [PMID: 35510172 PMCID: PMC9034322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon and ligament (TL) injuries affect millions of people annually. Biopolymers play a significant role in TL tissue repair, whether the treatment relies on tissue engineering strategies or using artificial tendon grafts. The biopolymer governs the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, degradation, and fabrication method of the TL scaffold. Many natural, synthetic and hybrid biopolymers have been studied in TL regeneration, often combined with therapeutic agents and minerals to engineer novel scaffold systems. However, most of the advanced biopolymers have not advanced to clinical use yet. Here, we aim to review recent biopolymers and discuss their features for TL tissue engineering. After introducing the properties of the native tissue, we discuss different types of natural, synthetic and hybrid biopolymers used in TL tissue engineering. Then, we review biopolymers used in commercial absorbable and non-absorbable TL grafts. Finally, we explain the challenges and future directions for the development of novel biopolymers in TL regenerative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shiroud Heidari
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Rui Ruan
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Division of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Ebrahim Vahabli
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peilin Chen
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Division of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Elena M. De-Juan-Pardo
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- Division of Surgery (Orthopaedics), Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
| | - Barry Doyle
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and the UWA Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Niu L, Zou R, Zhang M, Liu H, Genin GM, Li A, Xu F. Rational Design of Soft-Hard Interfaces through Bioinspired Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204498. [PMID: 36228093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soft-hard tissue interfaces in nature present a diversity of hierarchical transitions in composition and structure to address the challenge of stress concentrations that would otherwise arise at their interface. The translation of these into engineered materials holds promise for improved function of biomedical interfaces. Here, soft-hard tissue interfaces found in the body in health and disease, and the application of the diverse, functionally graded, and hierarchical structures that they present to bioinspired engineering materials are reviewed. A range of such bioinspired engineering materials and associated manufacturing technologies that are on the horizon in interfacial tissue engineering, hydrogel bioadhesion at the interfaces, and healthcare and medical devices are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guy M Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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12
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Chatterjee M, Acosta A, Taub PJ, Andarawis-Puri N. Enhanced healing outcomes in MRL/MpJ mouse tissues conserved in insertion site following surgical repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:e593-e602. [PMID: 35598836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical repair of supraspinatus tendons (SSTs) has a high failure rate at the insertion site. A significant hurdle to therapeutic development is that effective intrinsic healing mechanisms are unknown. The MRL/MpJ (MRL) mouse exhibits tissue-specific enhanced healing; however, these tissues exhibit disparate properties from the complex SST. The extent of SST healing in the complex environment of the rotator cuff is unknown. We hypothesized that MRL mice would exhibit enhanced restoration of the structurally complex insertion site, resulting in functional improvements. METHODS B6 and MRL mice underwent SST detachment and immediate surgical repair. Mice were analyzed for gait assessment after either 2 or 6 weeks and were then killed humanely for immunohistologic analysis. RESULTS MRL SSTs demonstrated enhanced recovery of zonal architecture and bone structure compared with B6 SSTs. MRL SSTs exhibited decreased levels of type III collagen at 2 weeks and increased levels of type I procollagen at 6 weeks compared with B6 SSTs. MRL mice experienced initial gait deficits at 2 weeks that had recovered by 6 weeks. DISCUSSION The temporal balance of collagen in MRL mice suggests recovery toward naive composition. Initial gait deficits in MRL mice may provide a protective loading environment that is ultimately beneficial. The mechanisms of enhanced healing observed previously in MRL mice may be conserved in the complex SST, providing a platform to interrogate specific aspects of improved healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa Chatterjee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Acosta
- Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Taub
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Li Y, Zhou M, Zheng W, Yang J, Jiang N. Scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies for soft-hard interface regeneration. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac091. [PMID: 36683751 PMCID: PMC9847541 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repairing injured tendon or ligament attachments to bones (enthesis) remains costly and challenging. Despite superb surgical management, the disorganized enthesis newly formed after surgery accounts for high recurrence rates after operations. Tissue engineering offers efficient alternatives to promote healing and regeneration of the specialized enthesis tissue. Load-transmitting functions thus can be restored with appropriate biomaterials and engineering strategies. Interestingly, recent studies have focused more on microstructure especially the arrangement of fibers since Rossetti successfully demonstrated the variability of fiber underspecific external force. In this review, we provide an important update on the current strategies for scaffold-based tissue engineering of enthesis when natural structure and properties are equally emphasized. We firstly described compositions, structures and features of natural enthesis with their special mechanical properties highlighted. Stimuli for growth, development and healing of enthesis widely used in popular strategies are systematically summarized. We discuss the fabrication of engineering scaffolds from the aspects of biomaterials, techniques and design strategies and comprehensively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy. At last, this review pinpoints the remaining challenges and research directions to make breakthroughs in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenzhuo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Nan Jiang
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (N.J.); (J.Y.)
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14
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Zhang T, Li S, Chen Y, Xiao H, Wang L, Hu J, Xu D, Lu H. Characterize the microstructure change after tendon enthesis injury using synchrotron radiation μCT. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2678-2687. [PMID: 35076113 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of the bone-tendon interface (BTI) deserves in-depth investigation. In this study, we first aimed to extend the application of synchrotron radiation μCT to characterize the gradient structure of supraspinatus tendon (SST) enthesis, from both tissue morphology to cell distribution. Second, to acquire detailed morphological information of SST enthesis when after injury. Our results showed that in normal enthesis, the phenotype of chondrocyte in BTI was dependent on its distance to subchondral bone. After injury, the fibrocartilage cells were disrupted, as evidenced by reduced lacunae size. Our observation may partly explain the loss of BTI mechanical properties after injury, and we believe the application of synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography will have promising potential for characterizing the morphology changes in enthesis and for evaluating the therapeutic effects of interventions in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengcan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daqi Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its applications to bone-related research. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 176:52-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Titan AL, Davitt M, Foster D, Salhotra A, Menon S, Chen K, Fahy E, Lopez M, Jones RE, Baiu I, Burcham A, Januszyk M, Gurtner G, Fox P, Chan C, Quarto N, Longaker M. Partial Tendon Injury at the Tendon-to-Bone Enthesis Activates Skeletal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:715-726. [PMID: 35640155 PMCID: PMC9299518 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tendon enthesis plays a critical role in facilitating movement and reducing stress within joints. Partial enthesis injuries heal in a mechanically inferior manner and never achieve healthy tissue function. The cells responsible for tendon-to-bone healing remain incompletely characterized and their origin is unknown. Here, we evaluated the putative role of mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs) in the enthesis after partial-injury. We found that mSSCs were present at elevated levels within the enthesis following injury and that these cells downregulated TGFβ signaling pathway elements at both the RNA and protein levels. Exogenous application of TGFβ post-injury led to a reduced mSSC response and impaired healing, whereas treatment with a TGFβ inhibitor (SB43154) resulted in a more robust mSSC response. Collectively, these data suggest that mSSCs may augment tendon-to-bone healing by dampening the effects of TGFβ signaling within the mSSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Titan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Davitt
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deshka Foster
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankit Salhotra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siddharth Menon
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fahy
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Lopez
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Ellen Jones
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ioana Baiu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Austin Burcham
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paige Fox
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles Chan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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17
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Zhu S, He Z, Ji L, Zhang W, Tong Y, Luo J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Meng X, Bi Q. Advanced Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds for Achilles Tendon Regenerative Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:897010. [PMID: 35845401 PMCID: PMC9280267 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.897010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Achilles tendon (AT) is responsible for running, jumping, and standing. The AT injuries are very common in the population. In the adult population (21–60 years), the incidence of AT injuries is approximately 2.35 per 1,000 people. It negatively impacts people’s quality of life and increases the medical burden. Due to its low cellularity and vascular deficiency, AT has a poor healing ability. Therefore, AT injury healing has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. Current AT injury treatment options cannot effectively restore the mechanical structure and function of AT, which promotes the development of AT regenerative tissue engineering. Various nanofiber-based scaffolds are currently being explored due to their structural similarity to natural tendon and their ability to promote tissue regeneration. This review discusses current methods of AT regeneration, recent advances in the fabrication and enhancement of nanofiber-based scaffolds, and the development and use of multiscale nanofiber-based scaffolds for AT regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbo Zhu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeju He
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lichen Ji
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Luo
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Bi,
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18
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Abstract
Tendons are collagen-rich musculoskeletal tissues that possess the mechanical strength needed to transfer forces between muscles and bones. The mechanical development and function of tendons are impacted by collagen crosslinks. However, there is a limited understanding of how collagen crosslinking is regulated in tendon during development and aging. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to highlight potential regulators of enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking and how they impact tendon function. The main collagen crosslinking enzymes include lysyl oxidase (LOX) and the lysyl oxidase-like isoforms (LOXL), whereas non-enzymatic crosslinking is mainly mediated by the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Regulators of the LOX and LOXL enzymes may include mechanical stimuli, mechanotransducive cell signaling pathways, sex hormones, transforming growth factor (TGF)β family, hypoxia, and interactions with intracellular or extracellular proteins. AGE accumulation in tendon is due to diabetic conditions and aging, and can be mediated by diet and mechanical stimuli. The formation of these enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen crosslinks plays a major role in tendon biomechanics and in the mechanisms of force transfer. A more complete understanding of how enzymatic and non-enzymatic collagen crosslinking is regulated in tendon will better inform tissue engineering and regenerative therapies aimed at restoring the mechanical function of damaged tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Ellingson
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - N.M. Pancheri
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - N.R. Schiele
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA,Address for correspondence: Nathan R. Schiele, Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 0904, Moscow, ID, USA. Telephone number: 208 8859063
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19
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Ma H, Yang C, Ma Z, Wei X, Younis MR, Wang H, Li W, Wang Z, Wang W, Luo Y, Huang P, Wang J. Multiscale Hierarchical Architecture-Based Bioactive Scaffolds for Versatile Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102837. [PMID: 35355444 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Artificial construction from tendon to bone remains a formidable challenge in tissue engineering owing to their structural complexity. In this work, bioinspired calcium silicate nanowires and alginate composite hydrogels are utilized as building blocks to construct multiscale hierarchical bioactive scaffolds for versatile tissue engineering from tendon to bone. By integrating 3D printing technology and mechanical stretch post-treatment in a confined condition, the obtained composite hydrogels possess bioinspired reinforcement architectures from nano- to submicron- to microscale with significantly enhanced mechanical properties. The biochemical and topographical cues of the composite hydrogel scaffolds provide much more efficient microenvironment to the rabbit bone mesenchymal stem cells and rabbit tendon stem cells, leading to ordered alignment and improved differentiation. The composite hydrogels markedly promote in vivo tissue regeneration from bone to tendon, especially fibrocartilage transitional tissue. Therefore, such calcium silicate nanowires/alginate composite hydrogels with multiscale hierarchical structures have potential application for tissue regeneration from tendon to bone. This work provides an innovative strategy to construct multiscale hierarchical architecture-based scaffolds for tendon/bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 China
| | - Chen Yang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou 325000 China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health) Wenzhou Zhejiang 325000 China
| | - Zhenjiang Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Xiaoyue Wei
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Younis
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Hanbo Wang
- Jining Medical University 133 Hehua Road Jining City 272067 China
| | - Wentao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
| | - Yongxiang Luo
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering International Cancer Center Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET) School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Health Science Center Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 China
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20
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Wang X, Lin J, Li Z, Ma Y, Zhang X, He Q, Wu Q, Yan Y, Wei W, Yao X, Li C, Li W, Xie S, Hu Y, Zhang S, Hong Y, Li X, Chen W, Duan W, Ouyang H. Identification of an Ultrathin Osteochondral Interface Tissue with Specific Nanostructure at the Human Knee Joint. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2309-2319. [PMID: 35238577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage adheres to subchondral bone via a specific osteochondral interface tissue where forces are transferred from soft cartilage to hard bone without conferring fatigue damage over a lifetime of load cycles. However, the fine structure and mechanical properties of the osteochondral interface tissue remain unclear. Here, we identified an ultrathin ∼20-30 μm graded calcified region with two-layered micronano structures of osteochondral interface tissue in the human knee joint, which exhibited characteristic biomolecular compositions and complex nanocrystals assembly. Results from finite element simulations revealed that within this region, an exponential increase of modulus (3 orders of magnitude) was conducive to force transmission. Nanoscale heterogeneity in the hydroxyapatite, coupled with enrichment of elastic-responsive protein-titin, which is usually present in muscle, endowed the osteochondral tissue with excellent mechanical properties. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the potential design for high-performance interface materials for osteochondral interface regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zonghao Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuanzhu Ma
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiulin He
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
| | - Yiyang Yan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shaofang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yejun Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Weiqiu Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangping Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 314400, China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou (CorMed), Hangzhou 310058, China
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21
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Ferreira CR, Ansh AJ, Nester C, O’Brien C, Stabach PR, Murtada SI, Lester ER, Khursigara G, Molloy L, Carpenter TO, Braddock DT. Musculoskeletal Comorbidities and Quality of Life in ENPP1-Deficient Adults and the Response of Enthesopathy to Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Murine Models. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:494-504. [PMID: 34882836 PMCID: PMC9667476 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) deficiency leads to cardiovascular calcification in infancy, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-mediated hypophosphatemic rickets in childhood, and osteomalacia in adulthood. Excessive enthesis mineralization and cervical spine fusion have been previously reported in patients with biallelic ENPP1 deficiency, but their effect on quality of life is unknown. We describe additional musculoskeletal complications in patients with ENPP1 deficiency, namely osteoarthritis and interosseous membrane ossification, and for the first time evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with this disease, both subjectively via narrative report, and objectively via the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, and a Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF) short form. Residual pain, similar in magnitude to that identified in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia, was experienced by the majority of patients despite use of analgesic medications. Impairment in physical function varied from mild to severe. To assess murine ENPP1 deficiency for the presence of enthesopathy, and for the potential response to enzyme replacement therapy, we maintained Enpp1asj/asj mice on regular chow for 23 weeks and treated cohorts with either vehicle or a long-acting form of recombinant ENPP1. Enpp1asj/asj mice treated with vehicle exhibited robust calcification throughout their Achilles tendons, whereas two-thirds of those treated with ENPP1 enzyme replacement exhibited complete or partial suppression of the Achilles tendon calcification. Our combined results document that musculoskeletal complications are a significant source of morbidity in biallelic ENPP1 deficiency, a phenotype which is closely recapitulated in Enpp1asj/asj mice. Finally, we show that a long-acting form of recombinant ENPP1 prevents the development of enthesis calcification at the relatively modest dose of 0.3 mg/kg per week, suggesting that suppression of enthesopathy may be attainable upon dose escalation. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anenya Jai Ansh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Paul R. Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ethan R. Lester
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas O. Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Silva H, Tassone C, Ross EG, Lee JT, Zhou W, Nelson D. Collagen Fibril Orientation in Tissue Specimens From Atherosclerotic Plaque Explored Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:024505. [PMID: 34529040 PMCID: PMC10782870 DOI: 10.1115/1.4052432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can gradually develop in certain arteries. Disruption of fibrous tissue in plaques can result in plaque rupture and thromboembolism, leading to heart attacks and strokes. Collagen fibrils are important tissue building blocks and tissue strength depends on how fibrils are oriented. Fibril orientation in plaque tissue may potentially influence vulnerability to disruption. While X-ray scattering has previously been used to characterize fibril orientations in soft tissues and bones, it has never been used for characterization of human atherosclerotic plaque tissue. This study served to explore fibril orientation in specimens from human plaques using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Plaque tissue was extracted from human femoral and carotid arteries, and each tissue specimen contained a region of calcified material. Three-dimensional (3D) collagen fibril orientation was determined along scan lines that started away from and then extended toward a given calcification. Fibrils were found to be oriented mainly in the circumferential direction of the plaque tissue at the majority of locations away from calcifications. However, in a number of cases, the dominant fibril direction differed near a calcification, changing from circumferential to longitudinal or thickness (radial) directions. Further study is needed to elucidate how these fibril orientations may influence plaque tissue stress-strain behavior and vulnerability to rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Silva
- NASA, 2101 NASA Parkway Building 13 R 208, Houston, TX 77058
| | - Christopher Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Elsie Gyang Ross
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jason T. Lee
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Wei Zhou
- Vascular Surgery Division, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Drew Nelson
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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23
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Castro AA, Karakostis FA, Copes LE, McClendon HE, Trivedi AP, Schwartz NE, Garland T. Effects of selective breeding for voluntary exercise, chronic exercise, and their interaction on muscle attachment site morphology in house mice. J Anat 2022; 240:279-295. [PMID: 34519035 PMCID: PMC8742976 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles attach to bone at their origins and insertions, and the interface where tendon meets bone is termed the attachment site or enthesis. Mechanical stresses at the muscle/tendon-bone interface are proportional to the surface area of the bony attachment sites, such that a larger attachment site will distribute loads over a wider area. Muscles that are frequently active and/or are of larger size should cause attachment sites to hypertrophy (training effect); however, experimental studies of animals subjected to exercise have provided mixed results. To enhance our ability to detect training effects (a type of phenotypic plasticity), we studied a mouse model in which 4 replicate lines of High Runner (HR) mice have been selectively bred for 57 generations. Selection is based on the average number of wheel revolutions on days 5 & 6 of a 6-day period of wheel access as young adults (6-8 weeks old). Four additional lines are bred without regard to running and serve as non-selected controls (C). On average, mice from HR lines voluntarily run ~3 times more than C mice on a daily basis. For this study, we housed 50 females (half HR, half C) with wheels (Active group) and 50 (half HR, half C) without wheels (Sedentary group) for 12 weeks starting at weaning (~3 weeks old). We tested for evolved differences in muscle attachment site surface area between HR and C mice, plastic changes resulting from chronic exercise, and their interaction. We used a precise, highly repeatable method for quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) surface area of four muscle attachment sites: the humerus deltoid tuberosity (the insertion point for the spinodeltoideus, superficial pectoralis, and acromiodeltoideus), the femoral third trochanter (the insertion point for the quadratus femoris), the femoral lesser trochanter (the insertion point for the iliacus muscle), and the femoral greater trochanter (insertion point for the middle gluteal muscles). In univariate analyses, with body mass as a covariate, mice in the Active group had significantly larger humerus deltoid tuberosities than Sedentary mice, with no significant difference between HR and C mice and no interaction between exercise treatment and linetype. These differences between Active and Sedentary mice were also apparent in the multivariate analyses. Surface areas of the femoral third trochanter, femoral lesser trochanter, and femoral greater trochanter were unaffected by either chronic wheel access or selective breeding. Our results, which used robust measurement protocols and relatively large sample sizes, demonstrate that muscle attachment site morphology can be (but is not always) affected by chronic exercise experienced during ontogeny. However, contrary to previous results for other aspects of long bone morphology, we did not find evidence for evolutionary coadaptation of muscle attachments with voluntary exercise behavior in the HR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Castro
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Fotios Alexandros Karakostis
- PaleoanthropologyDepartment of GeosciencesSenckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and PalaeoenvironmentUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Lynn E. Copes
- Department of Medical SciencesFrank H. Netter MD School of MedicineQuinnipiac UniversityHamdenConnecticutUSA
| | - Holland E. McClendon
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aayushi P. Trivedi
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole E. Schwartz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of California, RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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24
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Chatterjee M, Muljadi PM, Andarawis-Puri N. The role of the tendon ECM in mechanotransduction: disruption and repair following overuse. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:28-42. [PMID: 34030531 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1925663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Tendon overuse injuries are prevalent conditions with limited therapeutic options to halt disease progression. The specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) both enables joint function and mediates mechanical signals to tendon cells, driving biological responses to exercise or injury. With overuse, tendon ECM composition and structure changes at multiple scales, disrupting mechanotransduction and resulting in inadequate repair and disease progression. This review highlights the multiscale ECM changes that occur with tendon overuse and corresponding effects on cell-matrix interactions and cellular response to load.Results: Different functional joint requirements and tendon types experience a wide range of loading profiles, creating varied downstream mechanical stimuli. Distinct ECM structure and mechanical properties within the fascicle matrix, interfascicle matrix, and enthesis and their varied disruption with overuse are considered. The pericellular matrix (PCM) comprising the microscale tendon cell environment has a unique composition that changes with overuse injury and exercise, suggesting an important role in mechanotransduction and promoting repair. Cell-matrix interactions are mediated by structures including cilia, integrins, connexins and cytoskeleton that signal downstream homeostasis, adaptation, or repair. ECM disruption with tendon overuse may cause altered mechanical loading and cell-matrix interactions, resulting in mechanobiological understimulation, apoptosis, and ineffective repair. Current interventions to promote repair of tendon overuse injuries including exercise, targeting cell signaling, and modulating inflammation are considered.Conclusion: Future therapeutics should be assessed with regard of their effects on multiscale mechanotransduction in addition to joint function, with consideration of the central role of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa Chatterjee
- Nancy E. And Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Patrick M Muljadi
- Nancy E. And Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Nancy E. And Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Golman M, Abraham AC, Kurtaliaj I, Marshall BP, Hu YJ, Schwartz AG, Guo XE, Birman V, Thurner PJ, Genin GM, Thomopoulos S. Toughening mechanisms for the attachment of architectured materials: The mechanics of the tendon enthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5584. [PMID: 34826240 PMCID: PMC8626067 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Architectured materials offer tailored mechanical properties but are limited in engineering applications due to challenges in maintaining toughness across their attachments. The enthesis connects tendon and bone, two vastly different architectured materials, and exhibits toughness across a wide range of loadings. Understanding the mechanisms by which this is achieved could inform the development of engineered attachments. Integrating experiments, simulations, and previously unexplored imaging that enabled simultaneous observation of mineralized and unmineralized tissues, we identified putative mechanisms of enthesis toughening in a mouse model and then manipulated these mechanisms via in vivo control of mineralization and architecture. Imaging uncovered a fibrous architecture within the enthesis that controls trade-offs between strength and toughness. In vivo models of pathology revealed architectural adaptations that optimize these trade-offs through cross-scale mechanisms including nanoscale protein denaturation, milliscale load-sharing, and macroscale energy absorption. Results suggest strategies for optimizing architecture for tough bimaterial attachments in medicine and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Golman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Adam C. Abraham
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Iden Kurtaliaj
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Brittany P. Marshall
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yizhong Jenny Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrea G. Schwartz
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - X. Edward Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Victor Birman
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Philipp J. Thurner
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guy M. Genin
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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26
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Mienaltowski MJ, Gonzales NL, Beall JM, Pechanec MY. Basic Structure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix Collagens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:5-43. [PMID: 34807414 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of connective tissues like tendons and ligaments is highly dependent upon the collagens and other such extracellular matrix molecules hierarchically organized within the tissues. By dry weight, connective tissues are mostly composed of fibrillar collagens. However, several other forms of collagens play essential roles in the regulation of fibrillar collagen organization and assembly, in the establishment of basement membrane networks that provide support for vasculature for connective tissues, and in the formation of extensive filamentous networks that allow for cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as maintain connective tissue integrity. The structures and functions of these collagens are discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, collagen synthesis is a multi-step process that includes gene transcription, translation, post-translational modifications within the cell, triple helix formation, extracellular secretion, extracellular modifications, and then fibril assembly, fibril modifications, and fiber formation. Each step of collagen synthesis and fibril assembly is highly dependent upon the biochemical structure of the collagen molecules created and how they are modified in the cases of development and maturation. Likewise, when the biochemical structures of collagens or are compromised or these molecules are deficient in the tissues - in developmental diseases, degenerative conditions, or injuries - then the ultimate form and function of the connective tissues are impaired. In this chapter, we also review how biochemistry plays a role in each of the processes involved in collagen synthesis and assembly, and we describe differences seen by anatomical location and region within tendons. Moreover, we discuss how the structures of the molecules, fibrils, and fibers contribute to connective tissue physiology in health, and in pathology with injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Gonzales
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Beall
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Monica Y Pechanec
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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27
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Pitta Kruize C, Panahkhahi S, Putra NE, Diaz-Payno P, van Osch G, Zadpoor AA, Mirzaali MJ. Biomimetic Approaches for the Design and Fabrication of Bone-to-Soft Tissue Interfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34784181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone-to-soft tissue interfaces are responsible for transferring loads between tissues with significantly dissimilar material properties. The examples of connective soft tissues are ligaments, tendons, and cartilages. Such natural tissue interfaces have unique microstructural properties and characteristics which avoid the abrupt transitions between two tissues and prevent formation of stress concentration at their connections. Here, we review some of the important characteristics of these natural interfaces. The native bone-to-soft tissue interfaces consist of several hierarchical levels which are formed in a highly specialized anisotropic fashion and are composed of different types of heterogeneously distributed cells. The characteristics of a natural interface can rely on two main design principles, namely by changing the local microarchitectural features (e.g., complex cell arrangements, and introducing interlocking mechanisms at the interfaces through various geometrical designs) and changing the local chemical compositions (e.g., a smooth and gradual transition in the level of mineralization). Implementing such design principles appears to be a promising approach that can be used in the design, reconstruction, and regeneration of engineered biomimetic tissue interfaces. Furthermore, prominent fabrication techniques such as additive manufacturing (AM) including 3D printing and electrospinning can be used to ease these implementation processes. Biomimetic interfaces have several biological applications, for example, to create synthetic scaffolds for osteochondral tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pitta Kruize
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Panahkhahi
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Niko Eka Putra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Diaz-Payno
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo van Osch
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
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28
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Tits A, Plougonven E, Blouin S, Hartmann MA, Kaux JF, Drion P, Fernandez J, van Lenthe GH, Ruffoni D. Local anisotropy in mineralized fibrocartilage and subchondral bone beneath the tendon-bone interface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16534. [PMID: 34400706 PMCID: PMC8367976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The enthesis allows the insertion of tendon into bone thanks to several remarkable strategies. This complex and clinically relevant location often features a thin layer of fibrocartilage sandwiched between tendon and bone to cope with a highly heterogeneous mechanical environment. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether mineralized fibrocartilage and bone close to the enthesis show distinctive three-dimensional microstructural features, possibly to enable load transfer from tendon to bone. As a model, the Achilles tendon-calcaneus bone system of adult rats was investigated with histology, backscattered electron imaging and micro-computed tomography. The microstructural porosity of bone and mineralized fibrocartilage in different locations including enthesis fibrocartilage, periosteal fibrocartilage and bone away from the enthesis was characterized. We showed that calcaneus bone presents a dedicated protrusion of low porosity where the tendon inserts. A spatially resolved analysis of the trabecular network suggests that such protrusion may promote force flow from the tendon to the plantar ligament, while partially relieving the trabecular bone from such a task. Focusing on the tuberosity, highly specific microstructural aspects were highlighted. Firstly, the interface between mineralized and unmineralized fibrocartilage showed the highest roughness at the tuberosity, possibly to increase failure resistance of a region carrying large stresses. Secondly, fibrochondrocyte lacunae inside mineralized fibrocartilage, in analogy with osteocyte lacunae in bone, had a predominant alignment at the enthesis and a rather random organization away from it. Finally, the network of subchondral channels inside the tuberosity was highly anisotropic when compared to contiguous regions. This dual anisotropy of subchondral channels and cell lacunae at the insertion may reflect the alignment of the underlying collagen network. Our findings suggest that the microstructure of fibrocartilage may be linked with the loading environment. Future studies should characterize those microstructural aspects in aged and or diseased conditions to elucidate the poorly understood role of bone and fibrocartilage in enthesis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tits
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, Allée de la Découverte 9, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Erwan Plougonven
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Physical Medicine and Sports Traumatology, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Drion
- Experimental Surgery Unit, GIGA and Credec, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Davide Ruffoni
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, Allée de la Découverte 9, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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Tits A, Ruffoni D. Joining soft tissues to bone: Insights from modeling and simulations. Bone Rep 2021; 14:100742. [PMID: 34150954 PMCID: PMC8190669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Entheses are complex multi-tissue regions of the musculoskeletal system serving the challenging task of connecting highly dissimilar materials such as the compliant tendon to the much stiffer bone, over a very small region. The first aim of this review is to highlight mathematical and computational models that have been developed to investigate the many attachment strategies present at entheses at different length scales. Entheses are also relevant in the medical context due to the high prevalence of orthopedic injuries requiring the reattachment of tendons or ligaments to bone, which are associated with a rather poor long-term clinical outcome. The second aim of the review is to report on the computational works analyzing the whole tendon to bone complex as well as targeting orthopedic relevant issues. Modeling approaches have provided important insights on anchoring mechanisms and surgical repair strategies, that would not have been revealed with experiments alone. We intend to demonstrate the necessity of including, in future models, an enriched description of enthesis biomechanical behavior in order to unravel additional mechanical cues underlying the development, the functioning and the maintaining of such a complex biological interface as well as to enhance the development of novel biomimetic adhesive, attachment procedures or tissue engineered implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tits
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Davide Ruffoni
- Mechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Wang D, Zhang X, Huang S, Liu Y, Fu BSC, Mak KKL, Blocki AM, Yung PSH, Tuan RS, Ker DFE. Engineering multi-tissue units for regenerative Medicine: Bone-tendon-muscle units of the rotator cuff. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120789. [PMID: 33845368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our body systems are comprised of numerous multi-tissue units. For the musculoskeletal system, one of the predominant functional units is comprised of bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle tissues working in tandem to facilitate locomotion. To successfully treat musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, critical consideration and thoughtful integration of clinical, biological, and engineering aspects are necessary to achieve translational bench-to-bedside research. In particular, identifying ideal biomaterial design specifications, understanding prior and recent tissue engineering advances, and judicious application of biomaterial and fabrication technologies will be crucial for addressing current clinical challenges in engineering multi-tissue units. Using rotator cuff tears as an example, insights relevant for engineering a bone-tendon-muscle multi-tissue unit are presented. This review highlights the tissue engineering strategies for musculoskeletal repair and regeneration with implications for other bone-tendon-muscle units, their derivatives, and analogous non-musculoskeletal tissue structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shuting Huang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Bruma Sai-Chuen Fu
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Anna Maria Blocki
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Sensini A, Massafra G, Gotti C, Zucchelli A, Cristofolini L. Tissue Engineering for the Insertions of Tendons and Ligaments: An Overview of Electrospun Biomaterials and Structures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:645544. [PMID: 33738279 PMCID: PMC7961092 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.645544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is composed by hard and soft tissue. These tissues are characterized by a wide range of mechanical properties that cause a progressive transition from one to the other. These material gradients are mandatory to reduce stress concentrations at the junction site. Nature has answered to this topic developing optimized interfaces, which enable a physiological transmission of load in a wide area over the junction. The interfaces connecting tendons and ligaments to bones are called entheses, while the ones between tendons and muscles are named myotendinous junctions. Several injuries can affect muscles, bones, tendons, or ligaments, and they often occur at the junction sites. For this reason, the main aim of the innovative field of the interfacial tissue engineering is to produce scaffolds with biomaterial gradients and mechanical properties to guide the cell growth and differentiation. Among the several strategies explored to mimic these tissues, the electrospinning technique is one of the most promising, allowing to generate polymeric nanofibers similar to the musculoskeletal extracellular matrix. Thanks to its extreme versatility, electrospinning has allowed the production of sophisticated scaffolds suitable for the regeneration of both the entheses and the myotendinous junctions. The aim of this review is to analyze the most relevant studies that applied electrospinning to produce scaffolds for the regeneration of the enthesis and the myotendinous junction, giving a comprehensive overview on the progress made in the field, in particular focusing on the electrospinning strategies to produce these scaffolds and their mechanical, in vitro, and in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sensini
- Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology – Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Massafra
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Gotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zucchelli
- Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology – Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-MAM), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies – Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-HST), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lei T, Zhang T, Ju W, Chen X, Heng BC, Shen W, Yin Z. Biomimetic strategies for tendon/ligament-to-bone interface regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2491-2510. [PMID: 33665493 PMCID: PMC7889437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon/ligament-to-bone healing poses a formidable clinical challenge due to the complex structure, composition, cell population and mechanics of the interface. With rapid advances in tissue engineering, a variety of strategies including advanced biomaterials, bioactive growth factors and multiple stem cell lineages have been developed to facilitate the healing of this tissue interface. Given the important role of structure-function relationship, the review begins with a brief description of enthesis structure and composition. Next, the biomimetic biomaterials including decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds and synthetic-/natural-origin scaffolds are critically examined. Then, the key roles of the combination, concentration and location of various growth factors in biomimetic application are emphasized. After that, the various stem cell sources and culture systems are described. At last, we discuss unmet needs and existing challenges in the ideal strategies for tendon/ligament-to-bone regeneration and highlight emerging strategies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyun Lei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Weiliang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Aghaei A, Bochud N, Rosi G, Naili S. Assessing the effective elastic properties of the tendon-to-bone insertion: a multiscale modeling approach. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 20:433-448. [PMID: 33057842 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interphase joining tendon to bone plays the crucial role of integrating soft to hard tissues, by effectively transferring stresses across two tissues displaying a mismatch in mechanical properties of nearly two orders of magnitude. The outstanding mechanical properties of this interphase are attributed to its complex hierarchical structure, especially by means of competing gradients in mineral content and collagen fibers organization at different length scales. The goal of this study is to develop a multiscale model to describe how the tendon-to-bone insertion derives its overall mechanical behavior. To this end, the effective anisotropic stiffness tensor of the interphase is predicted by modeling its elastic response at different scales, spanning from the nanostructural to the mesostructural levels, using continuum micromechanics methods. The results obtained at a lower scale serve as inputs for the modeling at a higher scale. The obtained predictions are in good agreement with stochastic finite element simulations and experimental trends reported in literature. Such model has implication for the design of bioinspired bi-materials that display the functionally graded properties of the tendon-to-bone insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aghaei
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - N Bochud
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France.
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - G Rosi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - S Naili
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France
- Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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34
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Sun Han Chang RA, Shanley JF, Kersh ME, Harley BAC. Tough and tunable scaffold-hydrogel composite biomaterial for soft-to-hard musculoskeletal tissue interfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb6763. [PMID: 32875114 PMCID: PMC7438087 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tendon inserts into bone via a fibrocartilaginous interface (enthesis) that reduces mechanical strain and tissue failure. Despite this toughening mechanism, tears occur because of acute (overload) or degradative (aging) processes. Surgically fixating torn tendon into bone results in the formation of a scar tissue interface with inferior biomechanical properties. Progress toward enthesis regeneration requires biomaterial approaches to protect cells from high levels of interfacial strain. We report an innovative tissue reinforcement strategy: a stratified scaffold containing osseous and tendinous tissue compartments attached through a continuous polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel interface. Tuning the gelation kinetics of the hydrogel modulates integration with the flanking compartments and yields biomechanical performance advantages. Notably, the hydrogel interface reduces formation of strain concentrations between tissue compartments in conventional stratified biomaterials that can have deleterious biological effects. This design of mechanically robust stratified composite biomaterials may be appropriate for a broad range of tendon and ligament-to-bone insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Sun Han Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John F Shanley
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Friese N, Gierschner MB, Schadzek P, Roger Y, Hoffmann A. Regeneration of Damaged Tendon-Bone Junctions (Entheses)-TAK1 as a Potential Node Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5177. [PMID: 32707785 PMCID: PMC7432881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal dysfunctions are highly prevalent due to increasing life expectancy. Consequently, novel solutions to optimize treatment of patients are required. The current major research focus is to develop innovative concepts for single tissues. However, interest is also emerging to generate applications for tissue transitions where highly divergent properties need to work together, as in bone-cartilage or bone-tendon transitions. Finding medical solutions for dysfunctions of such tissue transitions presents an added challenge, both in research and in clinics. This review aims to provide an overview of the anatomical structure of healthy adult entheses and their development during embryogenesis. Subsequently, important scientific progress in restoration of damaged entheses is presented. With respect to enthesis dysfunction, the review further focuses on inflammation. Although molecular, cellular and tissue mechanisms during inflammation are well understood, tissue regeneration in context of inflammation still presents an unmet clinical need and goes along with unresolved biological questions. Furthermore, this review gives particular attention to the potential role of a signaling mediator protein, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), which is at the node of regenerative and inflammatory signaling and is one example for a less regarded aspect and potential important link between tissue regeneration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Friese
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mattis Benno Gierschner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrik Schadzek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Yvonne Roger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graded Implants and Regenerative Strategies, OE 8893, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.F.); (M.B.G.); (P.S.); (Y.R.)
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Yao J, Fang W, Guo J, Jiao D, Chen S, Ifuku S, Wang H, Walther A. Highly Mineralized Biomimetic Polysaccharide Nanofiber Materials Using Enzymatic Mineralization. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2176-2186. [PMID: 32286801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many biological high-performance composites, such as bone, antler, and crustacean cuticles, are composed of densely mineralized and ordered nanofiber materials. The mimicry of even simplistic bioinspired structures, i.e., of densely and homogeneously mineralized nanofibrillar materials with controllable mechanical performance, continues to be a grand challenge. Here, using alkaline phosphatase as an enzymatic catalyst, we demonstrate the dense, homogeneous, and spatially controlled mineralization of calcium phosphate nanostructures within networks of anionically charged cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cationically charged chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs)-both emerging biobased nanoscale building blocks for sustainable high-performance materials design. Our study reveals that anionic CNFs lead to a more homogeneous nanoscale mineralization with very high mineral contents up to ca. 70 wt % with a transition from amorphous to crystalline deposits, while cationic ChNFs yield rod-like crystalline morphologies. The bone-inspired CNF bulk films exhibit a significantly increased stiffness, maintain good flexibility and translucency, and have a significant gain in wet state mechanical properties. The mechanical properties can be tuned both by the enzyme concentration and the mineralization time. Moreover, we also show a spatial control of the mineralization using kinetically controlled substrate uptake in a dialysis reactor, and by spatially selectively incorporating the enzyme into 2D printed filament patterns. The strategy highlights possibilities for spatial encoding of enzymes in tailored structures and patterns and programmed mineralization processes, promoting the potential application of mineralized CNF biomaterials with complex gradients for bone substitutes and tissue regeneration in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fang
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 101-4 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8502, Japan
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Mertgen AS, Trossmann VT, Guex AG, Maniura-Weber K, Scheibel T, Rottmar M. Multifunctional Biomaterials: Combining Material Modification Strategies for Engineering of Cell-Contacting Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21342-21367. [PMID: 32286789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the human body, cells in a tissue are exposed to signals derived from their specific extracellular matrix (ECM), such as architectural structure, mechanical properties, and chemical composition (proteins, growth factors). Research on biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aims to recreate such stimuli using engineered materials to induce a specific response of cells at the interface. Although traditional biomaterials design has been mostly limited to varying individual signals, increasing interest has arisen on combining several features in recent years to improve the mimicry of extracellular matrix properties. Tremendous progress in combinatorial surface modification exploiting, for example, topographical features or variations in mechanics combined with biochemical cues has enabled the identification of their key regulatory characteristics on various cell fate decisions. Gradients especially facilitated such research by enabling the investigation of combined continuous changes of different signals. Despite unravelling important synergies for cellular responses, challenges arise in terms of fabrication and characterization of multifunctional engineered materials. This review summarizes recent work on combinatorial surface modifications that aim to control biological responses. Modification and characterization methods for enhanced control over multifunctional material properties are highlighted and discussed. Thereby, this review deepens the understanding and knowledge of biomimetic combinatorial material modification, their challenges but especially their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Mertgen
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Tanja Trossmann
- Lehrstuhl für Biomaterialien, Universität Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Anne Géraldine Guex
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl für Biomaterialien, Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
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Diloksumpan P, de Ruijter M, Castilho M, Gbureck U, Vermonden T, van Weeren PR, Malda J, Levato R. Combining multi-scale 3D printing technologies to engineer reinforced hydrogel-ceramic interfaces. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025014. [PMID: 31918421 PMCID: PMC7116207 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab69d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multi-material 3D printing technologies that resolve features at different lengths down to the microscale open new avenues for regenerative medicine, particularly in the engineering of tissue interfaces. Herein, extrusion printing of a bone-biomimetic ceramic ink and melt electrowriting (MEW) of spatially organized polymeric microfibres are integrated for the biofabrication of an osteochondral plug, with a mechanically reinforced bone-to-cartilage interface. A printable physiological temperature-setting bioceramic, based on α-tricalcium phosphate, nanohydroxyapatite and a custom-synthesized biodegradable and crosslinkable poloxamer, was developed as bone support. The mild setting reaction of the bone ink enabled us to print directly within melt electrowritten polycaprolactone meshes, preserving their micro-architecture. Ceramic-integrated MEW meshes protruded into the cartilage region of the composite plug, and were embedded with mechanically soft gelatin-based hydrogels, laden with articular cartilage chondroprogenitor cells. Such interlocking design enhanced the hydrogel-to-ceramic adhesion strength >6.5-fold, compared with non-interlocking fibre architectures, enabling structural stability during handling and surgical implantation in osteochondral defects ex vivo. Furthermore, the MEW meshes endowed the chondral compartment with compressive properties approaching those of native cartilage (20-fold reinforcement versus pristine hydrogel). The osteal and chondral compartment supported osteogenesis and cartilage matrix deposition in vitro, and the neo-synthesized cartilage matrix further contributed to the mechanical reinforcement at the ceramic-hydrogel interface. This multi-material, multi-scale 3D printing approach provides a promising strategy for engineering advanced composite constructs for the regeneration of musculoskeletal and connective tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Diloksumpan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Tang Y, Chen C, Liu F, Xie S, Qu J, Li M, Li Z, Li X, Shi Q, Li S, Li X, Hu J, Lu H. Structure and ingredient-based biomimetic scaffolds combining with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheets for bone-tendon healing. Biomaterials 2020; 241:119837. [PMID: 32109704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tendon attaches to bone across a robust fibrocartilaginous tissue termed the bone-tendon interface (BTI), commonly injured in the field of sports medicine and orthopedics with poor prognosis. So far, there is still a lack of effective clinical interventions to achieve functional healing post BTI injury. However, tissue-engineering may be a promising treatment strategy. In this study, a gradient book-type triphasic (bone-fibrocartilage-tendon) scaffold is fabricated based on the heterogeneous structure and ingredient of BTI. After decellularization, the scaffold exhibits no residual cells, while the characteristic extracellular matrix of the original bone, fibrocartilage and tendon is well preserved. Meanwhile, the bone, fibrocartilage and tendon regions of the acellular scaffold are superior in osteogenic, chondrogenic and tenogenic inducibility, respectively. Furthermore, autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheets (CS) combined with the acellular scaffolds is transplanted into the lesion site of a rabbit BTI injury model to investigate the therapeutic effects. Our results show that the CS modified scaffold not only successfully achieves triple biomimetic of BTI in structure, ingredient and cell distribution, but also effectively accelerates bone-tendon (B-T) healing. In general, this work demonstrates book-type acellular triphasic scaffold combined with autologous BMSCs sheets is a promising graft for repairing BTI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Muzhi Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengcan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China; Xiangya Hospital-International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Sports Medicine Research Centre, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Seyedkavoosi S, Sevostianov I. Multiscale micromechanical modeling of the elastic properties of dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 100:103397. [PMID: 31442944 PMCID: PMC8049631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The paper focuses on multiscale modeling of the elastic properties of dentin. It is modeled as a hierarchical structure consisting of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite particles at the lower level. Different concentrations of hydroxyapatite in this tissue correspond to peritubular and intertubular dentins. Then, the overall material is modeled as intertubular dentin matrix containing parallel cylindrical holes (the tubules) surrounded by layers of peritubular dentin. At each microstructural level, the model accounts for anisotropy of the constituents. The model predictions are compared with experimental data available in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedali Seyedkavoosi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Igor Sevostianov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New Mexico State University. Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
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Boys AJ, Kunitake JA, Henak CR, Cohen I, Estroff LA, Bonassar LJ. Understanding the Stiff-to-Compliant Transition of the Meniscal Attachments by Spatial Correlation of Composition, Structure, and Mechanics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26559-26570. [PMID: 31267742 PMCID: PMC6680087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the scientific community has shown considerable interest in engineering tissues with organized compositional and structural gradients to mimic hard-to-soft tissue interfaces. This effort is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the construction of native tissue interfaces. In this work, we combined Raman microscopy and confocal elastography to map compositional, structural, and mechanical features across the stiff-to-compliant interface of the attachments of the meniscus in the knee. This study provides new insight into the methods by which biology mediates multiple orders of magnitude changes in stiffness over tens of microns. We identified how the nano- to mesoscale architecture mediates complex microscale transitional regions across the interface: two regions defined by chemical composition, five distinguished by structural features, and three mechanically distinct regions. We identified three major components that lead to a robust interface between a soft tissue and bone: mobile collagen fiber units, a continuous interfacial region, and a local stiffness gradient. This tissue architecture allows for large displacements of collagen fibers in the attachments, enabling meniscal movement without localizing strains to the soft tissue-to-bone interface. The interplay of these regions reveals a method relying on hierarchical structuring across multiple length scales to minimize stress concentrators between highly dissimilar materials. These insights inspire new design strategies for synthetic soft tissue-to-bone attachments and biomimetic material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boys
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - Corinne R. Henak
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Sibley School of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- Corresponding Author:
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42
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Walters M, Crew M, Fyfe G. Bone Surface Micro‐Topography at Craniofacial Entheses: Insights on Osteogenic Adaptation at Muscle Insertions. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:2140-2155. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Walters
- School of Human SciencesThe University of Western Australia Crawley Perth Western Australia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryPerth Children's Hospital Nedlands Perth Western Australia
| | - Michael Crew
- Health Department of Western Australia and Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin University Western Australia
| | - Georgina Fyfe
- Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin University Perth Western Australia
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43
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Water-content related alterations in macro and micro scale tendon biomechanics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7887. [PMID: 31133713 PMCID: PMC6536550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though it is known that the water content of biological soft tissues alters mechanical properties, little attempt has been made to adjust the tissue water content prior to biomechanical testing as part of standardization procedures. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of altered water content on the macro and micro scale mechanical tissues properties. Human iliotibial band samples were obtained during autopsies to osmotically adapt their water content. Macro mechanical tensile testing of the samples was conducted with digital image correlation, and micro mechanical tests using atomic force microscopy. Analyses were conducted for elastic moduli, tensile strength, and strain at maximum force, and correlations for water content, anthropometric data, and post-mortem interval. Different mechanical properties exist at different water concentrations. Correlations to anthropometric data are more likely to be found at water concentrations close to the native state. These data underline the need for adapting the water content of soft tissues for macro and micro biomechanical experiments to optimize their validity. The osmotic stress protocol provides a feasible and reliable standardization approach to adjust for water content-related differences induced by age at death, post-mortem interval and tissue processing time with known impact on the stress-strain properties.
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44
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Boys AJ, Zhou H, Harrod JB, McCorry MC, Estroff LA, Bonassar LJ. Top-down Fabrication of Spatially Controlled Mineral-Gradient Scaffolds for Interfacial Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2988-2997. [PMID: 31211246 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Materials engineering can generally be divided into "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches, where current state-of-the-art methodologies are bottom-up, relying on the advent of atomic-scale technologies. Applying bottom-up approaches to biological tissues is challenging due to the inherent complexity of these systems. Top-down methodologies provide many advantages over bottom-up approaches for biological tissues, given that some of the complexity is already built into the system. Here, we generate interfacial scaffolds by the spatially controlled removal of mineral content from trabecular bone using a chelating solution. We controlled the degree and location of the mineral interface, producing scaffolds that support cell growth, while maintaining the hierarchical structure of these tissues. We characterized the structural and compositional gradients across the scaffold using X-ray diffraction, microcomputed tomography (μCT), and Raman microscopy, revealing the presence of mineral gradients on the scale of 20 - 40 μm. Using these data, we generated a model showing the dependence of mineral removal as function of time in the chelating solution and initial bone morphology, specifically trabecular density. These scaffolds will be useful for interfacial tissue engineering, with application in the fields of orthopedics, developmental biology, and cancer metastasis to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boys
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jordan B Harrod
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Kavli Institute for Nanoscale Science at Cornell, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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45
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Barrett HE, Van der Heiden K, Farrell E, Gijsen FJH, Akyildiz AC. Calcifications in atherosclerotic plaques and impact on plaque biomechanics. J Biomech 2019; 87:1-12. [PMID: 30904335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The catastrophic mechanical rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is the underlying cause of the majority of cardiovascular events. The infestation of vascular calcification in the plaques creates a mechanically complex tissue composite. Local stress concentrations and plaque tissue strength properties are the governing parameters required to predict plaque ruptures. Advanced imaging techniques have permitted insight into fundamental mechanisms driving the initiating inflammatory-driven vascular calcification of the diseased intima at the (sub-) micron scale and up to the macroscale. Clinical studies have potentiated the biomechanical relevance of calcification through the derivation of links between local plaque rupture and specific macrocalcification geometrical features. The clinical implications of the data presented in this review indicate that the combination of imaging, experimental testing, and computational modelling efforts are crucial to predict the rupture risk for atherosclerotic plaques. Specialised experimental tests and modelling efforts have further enhanced the knowledge base for calcified plaque tissue mechanical properties. However, capturing the temporal instability and rupture causality in the plaque fibrous caps remains elusive. Is it necessary to move our experimental efforts down in scale towards the fundamental (sub-) micron scales in order to interpret the true mechanical behaviour of calcified plaque tissue interactions that is presented on a macroscale in the clinic and to further optimally assess calcified plaques in the context of biomechanical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Barrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J H Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali C Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Li X, Chen Z, Zhang H, Zhuang Y, Shen H, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Dai J. Aligned Scaffolds with Biomolecular Gradients for Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E341. [PMID: 30960327 PMCID: PMC6419173 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aligned topography and biomolecular gradients exist in various native tissues and play pivotal roles in a set of biological processes. Scaffolds that recapitulate the complex structure and microenvironment show great potential in promoting tissue regeneration and repair. We begin with a discussion on the fabrication of aligned scaffolds, followed by how biomolecular gradients can be immobilized on aligned scaffolds. In particular, we emphasize how electrospinning, freeze drying, and 3D printing technology can accomplish aligned topography and biomolecular gradients flexibly and robustly. We then highlight several applications of aligned scaffolds and biomolecular gradients in regenerative medicine including nerve, tendon/ligament, and tendon/ligament-to-bone insertion regeneration. Finally, we finish with conclusions and future perspectives on the use of aligned scaffolds with biomolecular gradients in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhenni Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Nano science and technology institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Haimin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yan Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - He Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yanyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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47
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Deymier AC, Schwartz AG, Cai Z, Daulton TL, Pasteris JD, Genin GM, Thomopoulos S. The multiscale structural and mechanical effects of mouse supraspinatus muscle unloading on the mature enthesis. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:302-313. [PMID: 30342287 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is sensitive to its loading environment; this is of particular concern under conditions such as disuse, paralysis, and extended-duration space flight. Although structural and mechanical changes to tendon and bone following paralysis and disuse are well understood, there is a pressing need to understand how this unloading affects the bone-tendon interface (enthesis); the location most prone to tears and injury. We therefore elucidated these effects of unloading in the entheses of adult mice shoulders that were paralyzed for 21 days by treatment with botulinum toxin A. Unloading significantly increased the extent of mechanical failure and was associated with structural changes across hierarchical scales. At the millimeter scale, unloading caused bone loss. At the micrometer scale, unloading decreased bioapatite crystal size and crystallographic alignment in the enthesis. At the nanometer scale, unloading induced compositional changes that stiffened the bioapatite/collagen composite tissue. Mathematical modeling and mechanical testing indicated that these factors combined to increase local elevations of stress while decreasing the ability of the tissue to absorb energy prior to failure, thereby increasing injury risk. These first observations of the multiscale effects of unloading on the adult enthesis provide new insight into the hierarchical features of structure and composition that endow the enthesis with increased resistance to failure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The musculoskeletal system is sensitive to its loading environment; this is of particular concern under conditions such as disuse, paralysis, and extended-duration space flight. Although changes to tendon and bone following paralysis are understood, there is a pressing need to clarify how unloading affects the bone-tendon interface (enthesis), which is the location most prone to tears and injury. We elucidated the effects of enthesis unloading in adult mice shoulders showing, for the first time, that unloading significantly increased the risk and extent of mechanical failure and was associated with structural changes across hierarchical scales. These observations provide new insight into the hierarchical features of structure and composition that endow the enthesis with resilience. This knowledge can be used to develop more targeted treatments to improve mobility and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Andrea G Schwartz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Zhounghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, IL, USA.
| | - Tyrone L Daulton
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Jill D Pasteris
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Guy M Genin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Zhou Y, Hu J, Zhou J, Zeng Z, Cao Y, Wang Z, Chen C, Zheng C, Chen H, Lu H. Three-dimensional characterization of the microstructure in rabbit patella-patellar tendon interface using propagation phase-contrast synchrotron radiation microtomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2018; 25:1833-1840. [PMID: 30407196 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751801353x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the three-dimensional ultrastructure morphology of tendon-to-bone interface may allow the development of effective therapeutic interventions for enhanced interface healing. This study aims to assess the feasibility of propagation phase-contrast synchrotron radiation microtomography (PPC-SRµCT) for three-dimensional characterization of the microstructure in rabbit patella-patellar tendon interface (PPTI). Based on phase retrieval for PPC-SRµCT imaging, this technique is capable of visualizing the three-dimensional internal architecture of PPTI at a cellular high spatial resolution including bone and tendon, especially the chondrocytes lacuna at the fibrocartilage layer. The features on the PPC-SRµCT image of the PPTI are similar to those of a histological section using Safranin-O staining/fast green staining. The three-dimensional microstructure in the rabbit patella-patellar tendon interface and the spatial distributions of the chondrocytes lacuna and their quantification volumetric data are displayed. Furthermore, a color-coding map differentiating cell lacuna in terms of connecting beads is presented after the chondrocytes cell lacuna was extracted. This provides a more in-depth insight into the microstructure of the PPTI on a new scale, particularly the cell lacuna arrangement at the fibrocartilage layer. PPC-SRµCT techniques provide important complementary information to the conventional histological method for characterizing the microstructure of the PPTI, and may facilitate in investigations of the repair mechanism of the PPTI after injury and in evaluating the efficacy of a different therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyong Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziteng Zeng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwen Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
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49
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Abstract
The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Bonnevie
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Col. Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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50
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Locke RC, Peloquin JM, Lemmon EA, Szostek A, Elliott DM, Killian ML. Strain Distribution of Intact Rat Rotator Cuff Tendon-to-Bone Attachments and Attachments With Defects. J Biomech Eng 2018; 139:2657103. [PMID: 28979985 DOI: 10.1115/1.4038111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to experimentally track the tissue-scale strains of the tendon-bone attachment with and without a localized defect. We hypothesized that attachments with a localized defect would develop strain concentrations and would be weaker than intact attachments. Uniaxial tensile tests and digital image correlation were performed on rat infraspinatus tendon-to-bone attachments with defects (defect group) and without defects (intact group). Biomechanical properties were calculated, and tissue-scale strain distributions were quantified for superior and inferior fibrous and calcified regions. At the macroscale, the defect group exhibited reduced stiffness (31.3±3.7 N/mm), reduced ultimate load (24.7±3.8 N), and reduced area under the curve at ultimate stress (3.7±1.5 J/m2) compared to intact attachments (42.4±4.3 N/mm, 39.3±3.7 N, and 5.6±1.4 J/m2, respectively). Transverse strain increased with increasing axial load in the fibrous region of the defect group but did not change for the intact group. Shear strain of the superior fibrous region was significantly higher in the defect group compared to intact group near yield load. This work experimentally identified that attachments may resist failure by distributing strain across the interface and that strain concentrations develop near attachment defects. By establishing the tissue-scale deformation patterns of the attachment, we gained insight into the micromechanical behavior of this interfacial tissue and bolstered our understanding of the deformation mechanisms associated with its ability to resist failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Locke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 5 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19716 e-mail:
| | - John M Peloquin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716 e-mail:
| | - Elisabeth A Lemmon
- Departments of Animal and Food Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 5 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19716 e-mail:
| | - Adrianna Szostek
- Departments of Animal and Food Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 5 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19716 e-mail:
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- Mem. ASME Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716 e-mail:
| | - Megan L Killian
- Mem. ASME Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 5 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19716 e-mail:
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