1
|
Lim MJH, Loffman SJ, Gaus K, Slawik SV, Iyyalol R, Lee JWY, Hepple EK, Martin-Iverson MT. Bi-directional and multi-modal effects of dexamphetamine on spatial binding windows in healthy individuals. Hum Psychopharmacol 2024:e2909. [PMID: 38995719 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stimuli that are separated by a short window of space or time, known as spatial and temporal binding windows (SBW/TBWs), may be perceived as separate. Widened TBWs are evidenced in schizophrenia, although it is unclear if the SBW is similarly affected. The current study aimed to assess if dexamphetamine (DEX) may increase SBWs in a multimodal visuo-tactile illusion, potentially validating usefulness as an experimental model for multimodal visuo-tactile hallucinations in schizophrenia, and to examine a possible association between altered binding windows (BWs) and working memory (WM) suggested by previous research. METHODS A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and counter-balanced crossover design was employed. Permuted block randomisation was used for drug order. Healthy participants received DEX (0.45 mg/kg, PO, b.i.d.) or placebo (glucose powder) in capsules. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Spatial Span was employed to determine whether DEX would alter SBWs and WM, respectively. Schizotypy was assessed with a variety of psychological scales. RESULTS Most participants did not experience the RHI even under normal circumstances. Bi-directional and multimodal effects of DEX on individual SBWs and schizotypy were observed, but not on WM. CONCLUSIONS Bidirectional multimodal effects of DEX on the RHI and SBWs were observed in individuals, although not associated with alterations in WM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J H Lim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sean J Loffman
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophie V Slawik
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajan Iyyalol
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Graylands Hospital, The University of Western Australia (M708), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph W Y Lee
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily K Hepple
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mathew T Martin-Iverson
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ampollini S, Ardizzi M, Ferroni F, Cigala A. Synchrony perception across senses: A systematic review of temporal binding window changes from infancy to adolescence in typical and atypical development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105711. [PMID: 38729280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Sensory integration is increasingly acknowledged as being crucial for the development of cognitive and social abilities. However, its developmental trajectory is still little understood. This systematic review delves into the topic by investigating the literature about the developmental changes from infancy through adolescence of the Temporal Binding Window (TBW) - the epoch of time within which sensory inputs are perceived as simultaneous and therefore integrated. Following comprehensive searches across PubMed, Elsevier, and PsycInfo databases, only experimental, behavioral, English-language, peer-reviewed studies on multisensory temporal processing in 0-17-year-olds have been included. Non-behavioral, non-multisensory, and non-human studies have been excluded as those that did not directly focus on the TBW. The selection process was independently performed by two Authors. The 39 selected studies involved 2859 participants in total. Findings indicate a predisposition towards cross-modal asynchrony sensitivity and a composite, still unclear, developmental trajectory, with atypical development associated to increased asynchrony tolerance. These results highlight the need for consistent and thorough research into TBW development to inform potential interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ampollini
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Borgo Carissimi, 10, Parma 43121, Italy.
| | - Martina Ardizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39E, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39E, Parma 43121, Italy
| | - Ada Cigala
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Borgo Carissimi, 10, Parma 43121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Böing S, Van der Stigchel S, Van der Stoep N. The impact of acute asymmetric hearing loss on multisensory integration. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2373-2390. [PMID: 38303554 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Humans have the remarkable ability to integrate information from different senses, which greatly facilitates the detection, localization and identification of events in the environment. About 466 million people worldwide suffer from hearing loss. Yet, the impact of hearing loss on how the senses work together is rarely investigated. Here, we investigate how a common sensory impairment, asymmetric conductive hearing loss (AHL), alters the way our senses interact by examining human orienting behaviour with normal hearing (NH) and acute AHL. This type of hearing loss disrupts auditory localization. We hypothesized that this creates a conflict between auditory and visual spatial estimates and alters how auditory and visual inputs are integrated to facilitate multisensory spatial perception. We analysed the spatial and temporal properties of saccades to auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli before and after plugging the right ear of participants. Both spatial and temporal aspects of multisensory integration were affected by AHL. Compared with NH, AHL caused participants to make slow, inaccurate and unprecise saccades towards auditory targets. Surprisingly, increased weight on visual input resulted in accurate audiovisual localization with AHL. This came at a cost: saccade latencies for audiovisual targets increased significantly. The larger the auditory localization errors, the less participants were able to benefit from audiovisual integration in terms of saccade latency. Our results indicate that observers immediately change sensory weights to effectively deal with acute AHL and preserve audiovisual accuracy in a way that cannot be fully explained by statistical models of optimal cue integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Böing
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Van der Stigchel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathan Van der Stoep
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cary E, Lahdesmaki I, Badde S. Audiovisual simultaneity windows reflect temporal sensory uncertainty. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02478-4. [PMID: 38388825 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to judge the temporal alignment of visual and auditory information is a prerequisite for multisensory integration and segregation. However, each temporal measurement is subject to error. Thus, when judging whether a visual and auditory stimulus were presented simultaneously, observers must rely on a subjective decision boundary to distinguish between measurement error and truly misaligned audiovisual signals. Here, we tested whether these decision boundaries are relaxed with increasing temporal sensory uncertainty, i.e., whether participants make the same type of adjustment an ideal observer would make. Participants judged the simultaneity of audiovisual stimulus pairs with varying temporal offset, while being immersed in different virtual environments. To obtain estimates of participants' temporal sensory uncertainty and simultaneity criteria in each environment, an independent-channels model was fitted to their simultaneity judgments. In two experiments, participants' simultaneity decision boundaries were predicted by their temporal uncertainty, which varied unsystematically with the environment. Hence, observers used a flexibly updated estimate of their own audiovisual temporal uncertainty to establish subjective criteria of simultaneity. This finding implies that, under typical circumstances, audiovisual simultaneity windows reflect an observer's cross-modal temporal uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cary
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ilona Lahdesmaki
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Stephanie Badde
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qian Q, Cai S, Zhang X, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang A, Zhang M. Seeing is believing: Larger Colavita effect in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 238:105798. [PMID: 37844345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to visually relevant compensatory activities and cognitive strategies in children. Previous studies have identified difficulties with audiovisual integration in children with ADHD, but the characteristics of the visual dominance effect when processing multisensory stimuli are not clear in children with ADHD. The current study used the Colavita paradigm to explore the visual dominance effect in school-aged children with ADHD. The results found that, compared with typically developing children, children with ADHD had a higher proportion of "visual-auditory" trials and a lower proportion of "simultaneous" trials. The study also found that the proportion of visual-auditory trials in children with ADHD decreased as their Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV rating scale (SNAP-IV) inattention scores increased. The results showed that school-aged children with ADHD had a larger Colavita effect, which decreased with the severity of inattentive symptoms. This may be due to an overreliance on visual information and an abnormal integration time window. The connection between multisensory cognitive processing performance and clinical symptoms found in the current study provides empirical and theoretical support for the knowledge base of multisensory and cognitive abilities in disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Qian
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215011, China; Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Malone AK, Hungerford ME, Smith SB, Chang NYN, Uchanski RM, Oh YH, Lewis RF, Hullar TE. Age-Related Changes in Temporal Binding Involving Auditory and Vestibular Inputs. Semin Hear 2024; 45:110-122. [PMID: 38370520 PMCID: PMC10872654 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining balance involves the combination of sensory signals from the visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and auditory systems. However, physical and biological constraints ensure that these signals are perceived slightly asynchronously. The brain only recognizes them as simultaneous when they occur within a period of time called the temporal binding window (TBW). Aging can prolong the TBW, leading to temporal uncertainty during multisensory integration. This effect might contribute to imbalance in the elderly but has not been examined with respect to vestibular inputs. Here, we compared the vestibular-related TBW in 13 younger and 12 older subjects undergoing 0.5 Hz sinusoidal rotations about the earth-vertical axis. An alternating dichotic auditory stimulus was presented at the same frequency but with the phase varied to determine the temporal range over which the two stimuli were perceived as simultaneous at least 75% of the time, defined as the TBW. The mean TBW among younger subjects was 286 ms (SEM ± 56 ms) and among older subjects was 560 ms (SEM ± 52 ms). TBW was related to vestibular sensitivity among younger but not older subjects, suggesting that a prolonged TBW could be a mechanism for imbalance in the elderly person independent of changes in peripheral vestibular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle E. Hungerford
- VA RR&D National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Spencer B. Smith
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Nai-Yuan N. Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rosalie M. Uchanski
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yong-Hee Oh
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Richard F. Lewis
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy E. Hullar
- VA RR&D National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nava E, Giraud M, Bolognini N. The emergence of the multisensory brain: From the womb to the first steps. iScience 2024; 27:108758. [PMID: 38230260 PMCID: PMC10790096 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The becoming of the human being is a multisensory process that starts in the womb. By integrating spontaneous neuronal activity with inputs from the external world, the developing brain learns to make sense of itself through multiple sensory experiences. Over the past ten years, advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques have allowed the exploration of the neural correlates of multisensory processing in the newborn and infant brain, thus adding an important piece of information to behavioral evidence of early sensitivity to multisensory events. Here, we review recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings to document the origins and early development of multisensory processing, particularly showing that the human brain appears naturally tuned to multisensory events at birth, which requires multisensory experience to fully mature. We conclude the review by highlighting the potential uses and benefits of multisensory interventions in promoting healthy development by discussing emerging studies in preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nava
- Department of Psychology & Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michelle Giraud
- Department of Psychology & Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology & Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panagiotidi M, Zavlis O, Jones M, Stafford T. The three-dimensional community structure of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits captured by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale: An exploratory graph analysis. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 33:e1997. [PMID: 38010081 PMCID: PMC10804265 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To employ a novel analytic method-namely, exploratory graph analysis (EGA)-to subclinical attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trait scores in order to reveal their dimensional structure, as well as compare EGA's performance with traditional factor-analytic techniques in doing so. METHOD 1149 respondents from a survey panel completed the ASRS, a common ADHD scale made up of 18 distinct trait measures. EGA and factor analysis were applied to identify traits which associate with each other. RESULTS EGA revealed 3 distinct communities, and ruled out a 2-community structure. This was in contrast to the 2-factor structure suggested by the factor analysis, and the conventional division of ADHD into two subdimensions (hyperactivity and inattention). CONCLUSION A dimensional structure of three clusters (hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention) may better reflect the traits underlying ADHD. EGA has benefits in terms of both analytic approach and interpretability of findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Orestis Zavlis
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Myles Jones
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Tom Stafford
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hinault T, D'Argembeau A, Bowler DM, La Corte V, Desaunay P, Provasi J, Platel H, Tran The J, Charretier L, Giersch A, Droit-Volet S. Time processing in neurological and psychiatric conditions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105430. [PMID: 37871780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A central question in understanding cognition and pathology-related cognitive changes is how we process time. However, time processing difficulties across several neurological and psychiatric conditions remain seldom investigated. The aim of this review is to develop a unifying taxonomy of time processing, and a neuropsychological perspective on temporal difficulties. Four main temporal judgments are discussed: duration processing, simultaneity and synchrony, passage of time, and mental time travel. We present an integrated theoretical framework of timing difficulties across psychiatric and neurological conditions based on selected patient populations. This framework provides new mechanistic insights on both (a) the processes involved in each temporal judgement, and (b) temporal difficulties across pathologies. By identifying underlying transdiagnostic time-processing mechanisms, this framework opens fruitful avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hinault
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Arnaud D'Argembeau
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, F.R.S-FNRS, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dermot M Bowler
- Autism Research Group, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina La Corte
- Laboratoire Mémoire, Cerveau et Cognition (MC2Lab), UR 7536, Université de Paris cité, 92774 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Desaunay
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Joelle Provasi
- CHArt laboratory (Human and Artificial Cognition), EPHE-PSL, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Platel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Jessica Tran The
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Laura Charretier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Anne Giersch
- Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia Laboratory, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Droit-Volet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, LAPSCO, CNRS, UMR 6024, 60032 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
ADHD and ASD traits are indirectly associated with sensory changes through anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
11
|
Schulze M, Aslan B, Jung P, Lux S, Philipsen A. Robust perceptual-load-dependent audiovisual integration in adult ADHD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1443-1451. [PMID: 35380238 PMCID: PMC9653355 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We perceive our daily-life surrounded by different senses (e.g., visual, and auditory). For a coherent percept, our brain binds those multiple streams of sensory stimulations, i.e., multisensory integration (MI). Dependent on stimulus complexity, early MI is triggered by bottom-up or late via top-down attentional deployment. Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with successful bottom-up MI and deficient top-down MI. In the current study, we investigated the robustness of the bottom-up MI by adding additional task demand varying the perceptual load. We hypothesized diminished bottom-up MI for high perceptual load for patients with ADHD. 18 adult patients with ADHD and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in this study. In the visual search paradigm, a target letter was surrounded by uniform distractors (low load) or by different letters (high load). Additionally, either unimodal (visual flash, auditory beep) or multimodal (audiovisual) flanked the visual search. Linear-mixed modeling was used to investigate the influence of load on reaction times. Further, the race model inequality was calculated. Patients with ADHD showed a similar degree of MI performance like healthy controls, irrespective of perceptual load manipulation. ADHD patients violated the race model for the low load but not for the high-load condition. There seems to be robust bottom-up MI independent of perceptual load in ADHD patients. However, the sensory accumulation might be altered when attentional demands are high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schulze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Behrem Aslan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silke Lux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu YV, Xue W, Chen Y. Multisensory Integration in Caenorhabditis elegans in Comparison to Mammals. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101368. [PMID: 36291302 PMCID: PMC9599712 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration refers to sensory inputs from different sensory modalities being processed simultaneously to produce a unitary output. Surrounded by stimuli from multiple modalities, animals utilize multisensory integration to form a coherent and robust representation of the complex environment. Even though multisensory integration is fundamentally essential for animal life, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, especially at the molecular, synaptic and circuit levels, remains poorly understood. The study of sensory perception in Caenorhabditis elegans has begun to fill this gap. We have gained a considerable amount of insight into the general principles of sensory neurobiology owing to C. elegans’ highly sensitive perceptions, relatively simple nervous system, ample genetic tools and completely mapped neural connectome. Many interesting paradigms of multisensory integration have been characterized in C. elegans, for which input convergence occurs at the sensory neuron or the interneuron level. In this narrative review, we describe some representative cases of multisensory integration in C. elegans, summarize the underlying mechanisms and compare them with those in mammalian systems. Despite the differences, we believe C. elegans is able to provide unique insights into how processing and integrating multisensory inputs can generate flexible and adaptive behaviors. With the emergence of whole brain imaging, the ability of C. elegans to monitor nearly the entire nervous system may be crucial for understanding the function of the brain as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxun V. Yu
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Weikang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanhua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Weber C, Krieger B, Häne E, Yarker J, McDowall A. Physical Workplace Adjustments to Support Neurodivergent Workers: A Systematic Review. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Weber
- Institute of Facility Management, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland; and Environmental Psychology Department School of Psychology University of Surrey Guildford UK
- Department of Environmental Psychology, School of Psychology University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Beate Krieger
- Institute of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur Switzerland
| | - Eunji Häne
- Institute of Facility Management, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland; and Environmental Psychology Department School of Psychology University of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - Joanna Yarker
- Department of Organizational Psychology Birkbeck University of London London United Kingdom
| | - Almuth McDowall
- Department of Organizational Psychology Birkbeck University of London London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McCracken HS, Murphy BA, Ambalavanar U, Glazebrook CM, Yielder PC. Source Localization of Audiovisual Multisensory Neural Generators in Young Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060809. [PMID: 35741694 PMCID: PMC9221313 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that exhibits unique neurological and behavioural characteristics. Our previous work using event-related potentials demonstrated that adults with ADHD process audiovisual multisensory stimuli somewhat differently than neurotypical controls. This study utilised an audiovisual multisensory two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task. Continuous whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Source localization (sLORETA) software was utilised to determine differences in the contribution made by sources of neural generators pertinent to audiovisual multisensory processing in those with ADHD versus neurotypical controls. Source localization techniques elucidated that the controls had greater neural activity 164 ms post-stimulus onset when compared to the ADHD group, but only when responding to audiovisual stimuli. The source of the increased activity was found to be Brodmann Area 2, postcentral gyrus, right-hemispheric parietal lobe referenced to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates of X = 35, Y = −40, and Z = 70 (p < 0.05). No group differences were present during either of the unisensory conditions. Differences in the integration areas, particularly in the right-hemispheric parietal brain regions, were found in those with ADHD. These alterations may correspond to impaired attentional capabilities when presented with multiple simultaneous sensory inputs, as is the case during a multisensory condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather S. McCracken
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
| | - Bernadette A. Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +905-721-8668
| | - Ushani Ambalavanar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
| | - Cheryl M. Glazebrook
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Health, Leisure and Human Performance Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Paul C. Yielder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada; (H.S.M.); (U.A.); (P.C.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning K, Wang T. Multimodal Interventions Are More Effective in Improving Core Symptoms in Children With ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:759315. [PMID: 34975569 PMCID: PMC8716759 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.759315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of sensory integration training combined with EEG biofeedback on core symptoms in children with ADHD. Methods: Fifty-two children with attention-deficit, hyperactive-impulsive and combined ADHD were selected. They were randomly divided into control group, sensory integration training group, EEG biofeedback group, and sensory integration training + EEG biofeedback group, and after 4 months of intervention, concentration time and impulsive- hyperactivity and hyperactivity index scores on the PSQ scale were assessed. Results: Compared with that before the intervention, the attention time was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and the impulsive-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After the intervention, the attention time was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the attention time of the multimodal intervention group was significantly higher than that of the single intervention group (P < 0.01), and the impulsive-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index scores were significantly lower than those of the single intervention group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Multimodal intervention can significantly improve the concentration level of children with ADHD, and significantly improve the behavioral symptoms of impulsive-hyperactivity and hyperactivity. Multimodal interventions were more effective than single interventions in improving core symptoms in children with ADHD. The results of this study provide a reference for related research and practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- Physical Education Institute of Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingzhao Wang
- School of Education Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Stephens RL, Elsayed HE, Reznick JS, Crais ER, Watson LR. Infant Attentional behaviors Are Associated With ADHD Symptomatology and Executive Function in Early Childhood. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1908-1918. [PMID: 32749184 PMCID: PMC8427808 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720945019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We explored associations between infant attentional behaviors as measured by the First Year Inventory (FYIv2.0) and dimensional ratings of ADHD symptomatology and executive function (EF) in early childhood. Methods: This study included parents (N = 229) who filled out the FYIv2.0 when their children were 12 months of age. When children were approximately 54 months (4.5 years) of age, parents completed reports of children's ADHD symptomatology and EF abilities. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted among measures. Results: We found significant associations among the variables of interest, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, as well as gender differences. Notably, non-social sensory attention (NSA) was significantly related to 54-month ADHD symptom severity. All three 12-month attention variables were significantly related to 54-month EF. Conclusion: Results suggest that infant attentional behaviors predict later ADHD-related behaviors in early childhood. Future research should explore associations using laboratory-based measures and could inform early intervention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba E. Elsayed
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Scurry AN, Lovelady Z, Jiang F. Task-dependent audiovisual temporal sensitivity is not affected by stimulus intensity levels. Vision Res 2021; 186:71-79. [PMID: 34058622 PMCID: PMC8273142 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Flexibility and robustness of multisensory temporal recalibration is paramount for maintaining perceptual constancy of the surrounding natural world. Different environments impart various impediments, distances and routes that alter the propagation times of sight and sound cues comprising a multimodal event. One's ability to rapidly calibrate and account for these external variations allows for maintained perception of synchrony which is crucial for coherent and consistent perception. The two common paradigms used to compare precision of temporal processing between experimental and control groups, the simultaneity judgment (SJ) and temporal order judgment (TOJ) tasks, often use supra-threshold stimuli. However, few studies have specifically examined the effects of normalizing stimulus intensities to participant's unisensory detection thresholds. The current project presented multiple combinations of auditory and visual stimulus intensity levels, based on individual detection thresholds, during a TOJ and a SJ task. While no effect of stimulus intensity was found on temporal sensitivity or perceived temporal synchrony, there was a significant difference in point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) measures between tasks. In addition, PSS estimates were audio-leading, rather than visual-leading as previously reported, suggesting that exposure to the particular combinations of stimulus intensity levels used influenced temporal synchrony perception. Overall, these results support the use of supra-threshold stimuli in TOJ and SJ tasks as a way of minimizing the confound from differences in unisensory processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Scurry
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Zachary Lovelady
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Fang Jiang
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nejati V. Balance-based Attentive Rehabilitation of Attention Networks (BARAN) improves executive functions and ameliorates behavioral symptoms in children with ADHD. Complement Ther Med 2021; 60:102759. [PMID: 34252575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Balance as a motor activity requires integrating different sensory information to maintain the center of gravity above the base of support through proper motor strategies in the light of cognitive processing. METHODS In the present study, twenty-nine children with attention deficit- hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were recruited in a random clinical trial design in two intervention and active control groups. The N-Back, Wisconsin Card Sorting, Go/No-Go tasks, and Conners' Teacher and Parent Rating Scales were performed in baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up sessions. The intervention group received balance-based attentive rehabilitation of attention (BARAN), and the active control group received aerobic exercise and running in 12-15 sessions. RESULTS BARAN improves working memory (P < .05), cognitive flexibility (P < .01), and inhibitory control (P < .05) and ameliorates ADHD symptoms at home (P < .01) and school (P < .05). CONCLUSION Dual-balance and cognitive tasks improve executive functions and ameliorate symptoms in children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Nejati
- Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Po box: 1983969411, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Strelnikov K, Hervault M, Laurent L, Barone P. When two is worse than one: The deleterious impact of multisensory stimulation on response inhibition. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251739. [PMID: 34014959 PMCID: PMC8136741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory facilitation is known to improve the perceptual performances and reaction times of participants in a wide range of tasks, from detection and discrimination to memorization. We asked whether a multimodal signal can similarly improve action inhibition using the stop-signal paradigm. Indeed, consistent with a crossmodal redundant signal effect that relies on multisensory neuronal integration, the threshold for initiating behavioral responses is known for being reached faster with multisensory stimuli. To evaluate whether this phenomenon also occurs for inhibition, we compared stop signals in unimodal (human faces or voices) versus audiovisual modalities in natural or degraded conditions. In contrast to the expected multisensory facilitation, we observed poorer inhibition efficiency in the audiovisual modality compared with the visual and auditory modalities. This result was corroborated by both response probabilities and stop-signal reaction times. The visual modality (faces) was the most effective. This is the first demonstration of an audiovisual impairment in the domain of perception and action. It suggests that when individuals are engaged in a high-level decisional conflict, bimodal stimulation is not processed as a simple multisensory object improving the performance but is perceived as concurrent visual and auditory information. This absence of unity increases task demand and thus impairs the ability to revise the response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuzma Strelnikov
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), University of Toulouse 3 –CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Mario Hervault
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), University of Toulouse 3 –CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lidwine Laurent
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), University of Toulouse 3 –CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Barone
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), University of Toulouse 3 –CNRS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Panagiotidi M, Overton P. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms, Impulsivity, and Cyberdeviance in an Adult Population. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
He JL, Wodka E, Tommerdahl M, Edden RAE, Mikkelsen M, Mostofsky SH, Puts NAJ. Disorder-specific alterations of tactile sensitivity in neurodevelopmental disorders. Commun Biol 2021; 4:97. [PMID: 33483581 PMCID: PMC7822903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of tactile processing have long been identified in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which these alterations are disorder-specific, rather than disorder-general, and how they relate to the core symptoms of each disorder, remains unclear. We measured and compared tactile detection, discrimination, and order judgment thresholds between a large sample of children with ASD, ADHD, ASD + ADHD combined and typically developing controls. The pattern of results suggested that while difficulties with tactile detection and order judgement were more common in children with ADHD, difficulties with tactile discrimination were more common in children with ASD. Interestingly, in our subsequent correlation analyses between tactile perception and disorder-specific clinical symptoms, tactile detection and order judgment correlated exclusively with the core symptoms of ADHD, while tactile discrimination correlated exclusively with the symptoms of ASD. When taken together, these results suggest that disorder-specific alterations of lower-level sensory processes exist and are specifically related to higher-level clinical symptoms of each disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L He
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB, UK
| | - Ericka Wodka
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nobusako S, Osumi M, Furukawa E, Nakai A, Maeda T, Morioka S. Increased visual bias in children with developmental coordination disorder: Evidence from a visual-tactile temporal order judgment task. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 75:102743. [PMID: 33341403 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) rely heavily on vision to perform movements, which may contribute to their clumsy movements. However, few studies have objectively and quantitatively investigated the perceptual biases of children with DCD. METHODS A visual-tactile temporal order judgment (TOJ) task was used to measure and compare the perceptual biases of 19 children with DCD and 19 age- and sex-matched typically developing children. The point of subjective equality, which demonstrates when "visual first" and "tactile first" judgment probabilities are equal (50%), obtained by analyzing the results of the visual-tactile TOJ task, was used as an indicator of perceptual biases. Further, variables (age and manual dexterity in all participants; motor function, autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder traits, and depressive symptoms in children with DCD) associated with perceptual biases were examined with correlation analysis. RESULTS Children with DCD had significantly stronger visual bias than typically developing children. Overall correlation analysis showed that increased visual bias was significantly correlated with poor manual dexterity. CONCLUSION Children with DCD had a strong visual bias, which was associated with poor manual dexterity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nobusako
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Emi Furukawa
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Akio Nakai
- Graduate School of Clinical Education & The Center for the Study of Child Development, Institute for Education, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya-city, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Takaki Maeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Graduate School of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umaminaka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Begum Ali J, Charman T, Johnson MH, Jones EJH. Early Motor Differences in Infants at Elevated Likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 50:4367-4384. [PMID: 32328858 PMCID: PMC7677154 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated infant's manual motor behaviour; specifically behaviours crossing the body midline. Infants at elevated likelihood of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced fewer manual behaviours that cross the midline compared to infants with a typical likelihood of developing these disorders; however this effect was limited to 10-month-olds and not apparent at age 5 and 14 months. Although, midline crossing did not predict ASD traits, it was related to ADHD traits at 2 years of age. We rule out motor ability and hand dominance as possible explanations for this pattern of behaviour, positing that these results may be a consequence of multisensory integration abilities, and the neurobehavioural shift period, in the first year of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannath Begum Ali
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK.
| | - Tony Charman
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Henry Wellcome Building, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stefanou ME, Dundon NM, Bestelmeyer PEG, Ioannou C, Bender S, Biscaldi M, Smyrnis N, Klein C. Late attentional processes potentially compensate for early perceptual multisensory integration deficits in children with autism: evidence from evoked potentials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16157. [PMID: 32999327 PMCID: PMC7527489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing deficits and altered long-range connectivity putatively underlie Multisensory Integration (MSI) deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The present study set out to investigate non-social MSI stimuli and their electrophysiological correlates in young neurotypical adolescents and adolescents with ASD. We report robust MSI effects at behavioural and electrophysiological levels. Both groups demonstrated normal behavioural MSI. However, at the neurophysiological level, the ASD group showed less MSI-related reduction of the visual P100 latency, greater MSI-related slowing of the auditory P200 and an overall temporally delayed and spatially constrained onset of MSI. Given the task design and patient sample, and the age of our participants, we argue that electro-cortical indices of MSI deficits in ASD: (a) can be detected in early-adolescent ASD, (b) occur at early stages of perceptual processing, (c) can possibly be compensated by later attentional processes, (d) thus leading to normal MSI at the behavioural level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Stefanou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 8, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK
| | - Neil M Dundon
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 8, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Brain Imaging Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Chara Ioannou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 8, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monica Biscaldi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 8, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 8, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Battaglini L, Mena F, Ghiani A, Casco C, Melcher D, Ronconi L. The Effect of Alpha tACS on the Temporal Resolution of Visual Perception. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1765. [PMID: 32849045 PMCID: PMC7412991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We experience the world around us as a smooth and continuous flow. However, there is growing evidence that the stream of sensory inputs is not elaborated in an analog way but is instead organized in discrete or quasi-discrete temporal processing windows. These discrete windows are suggested to depend on rhythmic neural activity in the alpha (and theta) frequency bands, which in turn reflect changes in neural activity within, and coupling between, cortical areas. In the present study, we investigated a possible causal link between oscillatory brain activity in the alpha range (8-12 Hz) and the temporal resolution of visual perception, which determines whether sequential stimuli are perceived as distinct entities or combined into a single representation. To this aim, we employed a two-flash fusion task while participants received focal transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in extra-striate visual regions including V5/MT of the right hemisphere. Our findings show that 10-Hz tACS, as opposed to a placebo (sham tACS), reduces the temporal resolution of perception, inducing participants to integrate the two stimuli into a unique percept more often. This pattern was observed only in the contralateral visual hemifield, providing further support for a specific effect of alpha tACS. The present findings corroborate the idea of a causal link between temporal windows of integration/segregation and oscillatory alpha activity in V5/MT and extra-striate visual regions. They also stimulate future research on possible ways to shape the temporal resolution of human vision in an individualized manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Battaglini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Neuro.Vis. U.S. Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Mena
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiani
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Clara Casco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Neuro.Vis. U.S. Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - David Melcher
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luca Ronconi
- School of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Armstrong-Gallegos S. Problems in Audiovisual Filtering for Children with Special Educational Needs. Iperception 2020; 11:2041669520951816. [PMID: 32922716 PMCID: PMC7457682 DOI: 10.1177/2041669520951816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is pervasive evidence that problems in sensory processing occur across a range of developmental disorders, but their aetiology and clinical significance remain unclear. The present study investigated the relation between sensory processing and literacy skills in children with and without a background of special educational needs (SEN). Twenty-six children aged between 7 and 12 years old, from both regular classes and SEN programmes, participated. Following baseline tests of literacy, fine motor skills and naming speed, two sets of instruments were administered: the carer-assessed Child Sensory Profile-2 and a novel Audiovisual Animal Stroop (AVAS) test. The SEN group showed significantly higher ratings on three Child Sensory Profile-2 quadrants, together with body position ratings. The SEN participants also showed a specific deficit when required to ignore an accompanying incongruent auditory stimulus on the AVAS. Interestingly, AVAS performance correlated significantly with literacy scores and with the sensory profile scores. It is proposed that the children with SEN showed a specific deficit in "filtering out" irrelevant auditory input. The results highlight the importance of including analysis of sensory processes within theoretical and applied approaches to developmental differences and suggest promising new approaches to the understanding, assessment, and support of children with SEN.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou HY, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Audiovisual temporal integration: Cognitive processing, neural mechanisms, developmental trajectory and potential interventions. Neuropsychologia 2020; 140:107396. [PMID: 32087206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To integrate auditory and visual signals into a unified percept, the paired stimuli must co-occur within a limited time window known as the Temporal Binding Window (TBW). The width of the TBW, a proxy of audiovisual temporal integration ability, has been found to be correlated with higher-order cognitive and social functions. A comprehensive review of studies investigating audiovisual TBW reveals several findings: (1) a wide range of top-down processes and bottom-up features can modulate the width of the TBW, facilitating adaptation to the changing and multisensory external environment; (2) a large-scale brain network works in coordination to ensure successful detection of audiovisual (a)synchrony; (3) developmentally, audiovisual TBW follows a U-shaped pattern across the lifespan, with a protracted developmental course into late adolescence and rebounding in size again in late life; (4) an enlarged TBW is characteristic of a number of neurodevelopmental disorders; and (5) the TBW is highly flexible via perceptual and musical training. Interventions targeting the TBW may be able to improve multisensory function and ameliorate social communicative symptoms in clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Riley TB, Overton PG. Enhancing the efficacy of 5-HT uptake inhibitors in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Med Hypotheses 2019; 133:109407. [PMID: 31586811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood behavioural disorders, the frontline treatments for which are drugs with abuse potential. As a consequence, there is an urgent need to develop non addictive drug treatments with equivalent efficacy. Preclinical evidence suggests that selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are likely to be effective in ADHD, however clinical reports suggest that SSRIs are of limited therapeutic value for the treatment of ADHD. We propose that this disconnect can be explained by the pattern of drug administration in existing clinical trials (administration for short periods of time, or intermittently) leading to inadequate control of the autoregulatory processes which control 5-HT release, most notably at the level of inhibitory 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors. These autoreceptors reduce the firing rate of 5-HT neurons (limiting release) unless they are desensitised by a long term, frequent pattern of drug administration. As such, we argue that the participants in earlier trials were not administered SSRIs in a manner which realises any potential benefits of targeting 5-HT in the pharmacotherapy of ADHD. In light of this, we hypothesise that there may be under-researched potential to exploit 5-HT transmission therapeutically in ADHD, either through changing the administration regime, or by pharmacological means. Recent pharmacological research has successfully potentiated the effects of SSRIs in acute animal preparations by antagonising inhibitory 5-HT1A autoreceptors prior to the administration of the SSRI fluoxetine. We suggest that combination therapies linking SSRIs and 5-HT1A antagonists are a potential way forward in the development of efficacious non-addictive pharmacotherapies for ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK
| | - Paul G Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hampsey E, Overton PG, Stafford T. Microsaccade rate as a measure of drug response. J Eye Mov Res 2019; 12:10.16910/jemr.12.6.12. [PMID: 33828750 PMCID: PMC7962677 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.12.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 22 human subjects we measured microsaccade count across 60 brief fixation trials both pre- and post- administration of 300mg of caffeine. There was a statistically significant reduction in average microsaccade count post-caffeine administration, with a moderate effect size (Cohen's d of 0.42). Microsaccade count was stable within individuals across time points (Pearson's r of 0.89). Sensitivity analysis suggests that the pre/post caffeine effect size is robust to choice of parameters used to identify microsaccades. Bootstrap resampling suggests that both the pre/post-caffeine difference and the across-time stability within individuals could be reliably assessed with far fewer trials. The results support the use of microsaccade count as both a trait measure of individual differences and a state measure of caffeine response. We discuss the results in the context of the theory that the superior colliculus is central to the generation of microsaccades and hence that microsaccade rate may be a useful assay for at least some drug-induced changes at the level of the colliculus: a potentially useful tool in the development of therapies for disorders that may involve collicular dysfunction such as ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Stafford
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lane SJ, Reynolds S. Sensory Over-Responsivity as an Added Dimension in ADHD. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:40. [PMID: 31555103 PMCID: PMC6742721 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of research have added to our understanding of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). None-the-less there is still much that is poorly understood. There is a need for, and ongoing interest in, developing a deeper understanding of this disorder to optimally identify risk and better inform treatment. Here, we present a compilation of findings examining ADHD both behaviorally and using neurophysiologic markers. Drawing on early work of McIntosh and co-investigators, we examined response to sensory challenge in children with ADHD, measuring HPA activity and electrodermal response (EDR) secondary to sensory stressors. In addition, we have examined the relationship between these physiologic measures, and reports of behavioral sensory over-responsivity and anxiety. Findings suggest that sensory responsivity differentiates among children with ADHD and warrants consideration. We link these findings with research conducted both prior to and after our own work and emphasize that there a growing knowledge supporting a relationship between ADHD and sensory over-responsivity, but more research is needed. Given the call from the National Institute of Health to move toward a more dimensional diagnostic process for mental health concerns, and away from the more routine categorical diagnostic process, we suggest sensory over-responsivity as a dimension in the diagnostic process for children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J. Lane
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Human Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Stacey Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kathryn Lawrence Dragas Sensory Processing and Stress Evaluation Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Metaxakis A, Petratou D, Tavernarakis N. Multimodal sensory processing in Caenorhabditis elegans. Open Biol 2018; 8:180049. [PMID: 29925633 PMCID: PMC6030117 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration is a mechanism that allows organisms to simultaneously sense and understand external stimuli from different modalities. These distinct signals are transduced into neuronal signals that converge into decision-making neuronal entities. Such decision-making centres receive information through neuromodulators regarding the organism's physiological state and accordingly trigger behavioural responses. Despite the importance of multisensory integration for efficient functioning of the nervous system, and also the implication of dysfunctional multisensory integration in the aetiology of neuropsychiatric disease, little is known about the relative molecular mechanisms. Caenorhabditis elegans is an appropriate model system to study such mechanisms and elucidate the molecular ways through which organisms understand external environments in an accurate and coherent fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Metaxakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Dionysia Petratou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Nikolaou Plastira 100, Heraklion 70013, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hornix BE, Havekes R, Kas MJH. Multisensory cortical processing and dysfunction across the neuropsychiatric spectrum. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 97:138-151. [PMID: 29496479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sensory processing is affected in multiple neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Genetic and environmental factors guide the formation and fine-tuning of brain circuitry necessary to receive, organize, and respond to sensory input in order to behave in a meaningful and consistent manner. During certain developmental stages the brain is sensitive to intrinsic and external factors. For example, disturbed expression levels of certain risk genes during critical neurodevelopmental periods may lead to exaggerated brain plasticity processes within the sensory circuits, and sensory stimulation immediately after birth contributes to fine-tuning of these circuits. Here, the neurodevelopmental trajectory of sensory circuit development will be described and related to some example risk gene mutations that are found in neuropsychiatric disorders. Subsequently, the flow of sensory information through these circuits and the relationship to synaptic plasticity will be described. Research focusing on the combined analyses of neural circuit development and functioning are necessary to expand our understanding of sensory processing and behavioral deficits that are relevant across the neuropsychiatric spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty E Hornix
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien J H Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cardon GJ. Neural Correlates of Sensory Abnormalities Across Developmental Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 55:83-143. [PMID: 31799108 PMCID: PMC6889889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irrdd.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in sensory processing are a common feature of many developmental disabilities (DDs). Sensory dysfunction can contribute to deficits in brain maturation, as well as many vital functions. Unfortunately, while some patients with DD benefit from the currently available treatments for sensory dysfunction, many do not. Deficiencies in clinical practice surrounding sensory dysfunction may be related to lack of understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie sensory abnormalities. Evidence of overlap in sensory symptoms between diagnoses suggests that there may be common neural mechanisms that mediate many aspects of sensory dysfunction. Thus, the current manuscript aims to review the extant literature regarding the neural correlates of sensory dysfunction across DD in order to identify patterns of abnormality that span diagnostic categories. Such anomalies in brain structure, function, and connectivity may eventually serve as targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J Cardon
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Panagiotidi M, Overton PG, Stafford T. The relationship between ADHD traits and sensory sensitivity in the general population. Compr Psychiatry 2018; 80:179-185. [PMID: 29121555 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Preliminary studies in children and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) report both hypo-responsiveness and hyper-responsiveness to sensory stimuli, as well as problems modulating sensory input. As it has been suggested that those with ADHD exist at the extreme end of a continuum of ADHD traits, which are also evident in the general population, we investigated the link between ADHD and sensory sensitivity in the general population. Two online questionnaires measuring ADHD traits and sensory responsivity across various sensory domains were administered to 234 participants. Results showed a highly significant positive correlation between the number of ADHD traits and the frequency of reported sensory processing problems. An increased number of sensory difficulties across all modalities were associated with the level of ADHD. Furthermore, ADHD traits predicted sensory difficulties and exploratory factor analysis revealed a factor that combined ADHD trait and sensory processing items. This is the first study to identify a positive relationship between sensory processing and ADHD traits in the general population. Our results suggest that sensory difficulties could be part of the ADHD phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Panagiotidi
- School of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, College Road, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 2DE, UK.
| | - Paul G Overton
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tom Stafford
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| |
Collapse
|