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Pawling R, McGlone F, Walker SC. High frequency heart rate variability is associated with sensitivity to affective touch. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114600. [PMID: 38830446 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
C-tactile afferents (CTs) are a class of unmyelinated, mechanosensitive nerve fibre that respond optimally to skin temperature, slow moving touch typical of a caress. They are hypothesised to signal the rewarding value of affiliative tactile interactions. While CT firing frequency is positively correlated with subjective ratings of touch pleasantness, trait differences in sensitivity to the specific hedonic value of CT targeted touch have been reported. Inter-individual differences in vagally mediated, high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) have been linked to variation in visual social cognition. Thus, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between resting state HF-HRV and sensitivity to socially relevant CT targeted touch. 58 healthy participants first had a 5-minute electrocardiogram. They then rated the pleasantness of 5 randomly presented velocities of robotically delivered touch. Three velocities fell within (1, 3, 10 cm/s) and two outside (0.3, 30 cm/s) the CT optimal range. Each velocity was delivered twice. On a group level, affective touch ratings were described by a negative quadratic function, with CT optimal velocities rated as more pleasant than slower and faster speeds. Simple regression analysis confirmed participants' HF-HRV was significantly predicted by the quadratic curve fit of their touch ratings, with higher HF-HRV associated with a better quadratic fit. These findings indicate that, in line with previous observations that higher HF-HRV is associated with enhanced sensitivity to visual social cues, trait differences in autonomic control could account for previously reported individual differences in CT sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Pawling
- Research Centre for Brain & Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francis McGlone
- Research Centre for Brain & Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; School of Science, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
| | - Susannah C Walker
- Research Centre for Brain & Behaviour, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Malika N, Bogart LM, Mutchler MG, Goggin K, Klein DJ, Lawrence SJ, Wagner GJ. Loneliness Among Black/African American Adults Living with HIV: Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Correlates and Implications for Adherence. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2467-2474. [PMID: 37436685 PMCID: PMC11236909 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Loneliness, an emerging public health problem, is higher among people living with HIV and is associated with negative health outcomes. Black/African Americans have a high burden of HIV, and little is known about the characteristics of loneliness among Black adults living with HIV; therefore, this study sought to understand the sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of Black adults living with HIV who are lonely and the implications of loneliness for their health outcomes. A sample of 304 Black adults living with HIV (73.8% sexual minority men) in Los Angeles County, CA, USA, completed the survey items assessing sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics, social determinants of health, health outcomes, and loneliness. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence was assessed electronically with the medication event monitoring system. Bivariate linear regressions analysis showed higher loneliness scores among those with higher levels of internalized HIV stigma, depression, unmet needs, and discrimination related to HIV serostatus, race, and sexual orientation. In addition, participants who were married or living with a partner, had stable housing, and reported receiving more social support had lower levels of loneliness. In multivariable regression models controlling for correlates of loneliness, loneliness was found to be a significant independent predictor of worse general physical health, worse general mental health, and greater depression. Loneliness was marginally associated with lower ART adherence. Findings suggest that Black adults living with HIV, who experience multiple intersectional stigmas, require targeted interventions and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipher Malika
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA.
| | - Laura M Bogart
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | - Matt G Mutchler
- APLA Health & Wellness, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Children's Mercy Kansas City and University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David J Klein
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
| | | | - Glenn J Wagner
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main St, Santa Monica, CA, 90401, USA
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Gordon NP, Stiefel MC. A brief but comprehensive three-item social connectedness screener for use in social risk assessment tools. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307107. [PMID: 39028701 PMCID: PMC11259274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2014 IOM report "Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records" described three subdomains of social relationships that affect patient health and well-being. However, most social risk screeners currently assess only one subdomain, frequency of social connections. We are proposing a three-item Brief Social Connectedness (SC) screener that additionally assesses risks in social/emotional support and loneliness/social isolation subdomains. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we used data from a 2021 Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) social risk survey for 2244 members ages 35-85 years. The survey included three validated questions that covered the SC subdomains (frequencies of social contacts with people they care about, feeling lonely/socially isolated, and getting enough social/emotional support). Variables representing moderate/high versus low risk were created for each subdomain. We used weighted data for bivariate analyses and modified log-Poisson regression models that adjusted for age, sex, race, and ethnicity to examine cross-sectional associations among the three subdomain risks, as well as with two structural SC risks, living alone and not being in a committed relationship. We then used modified log-Poisson regression models to study cross-sectional associations of these five SC variables with three single-item self-report measures of emotional health. RESULTS In regression models that included all five SC variables, loneliness/social isolation and social/emotional support risks were significantly associated with all three emotional health measures, while frequency of social contacts, living alone, and no committed relationship were not. However, low frequency of social contacts and no committed relationship significantly increased risk of often feeling lonely/socially isolated and lacking in social/emotional support. CONCLUSIONS A three-item social connectedness screener that assessed risks of loneliness/social isolation, inadequate social/emotional support, and low frequency of social contacts provided more comprehensive information about emotional health risks than social connection frequency alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P. Gordon
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Matthiew C. Stiefel
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Tu L, Li Y, Ren X, Jiang M, Han L, Zheng X. The association of social isolation and loneliness with sarcopenia among the middle-aged and elderly in China. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:513. [PMID: 39026187 PMCID: PMC11264577 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship of social isolation and loneliness on sarcopenia among Chinese middle-aged and elderly people. METHODS Social isolation, loneliness, and sarcopenia were measured at baseline. Follow-up measures of new-onset sarcopenia were obtained 4 years later. Then used logistic regression to evaluate the association between social isolation, loneliness and sarcopenia. RESULTS In cross-sectional analysis, social isolation and loneliness are significantly associated with sarcopenia [OR = 1.88 (95% CI = 1.54-2.28)]. In longitudinal analysis, social isolation and loneliness are significantly associated with sarcopenia [OR = 1.09 (95% CI = 0.71-1.69)]. Social isolation and loneliness have a synergistic effect. Among them, individuals over 60 years old [OR = 2.01 (95% CI = 1.37-2.96)] and those without social support [OR = 2.64 (1.61-4.32), P-for interaction < 0.001] are at higher risk. CONCLUSION Social isolation and loneliness were significantly associated with sarcopenia, and there was a synergistic effect between social isolation and loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tu
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yiqun Li
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Xiao Ren
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Minglan Jiang
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Longyang Han
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Public Health Research Center, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Mason TB. Loneliness as a moderator of the association of affective symptoms and binge eating among college women. Eat Behav 2024; 54:101903. [PMID: 39002467 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Affective symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, shame) are a potent risk factor for binge eating. However, less is known on the role of loneliness as a moderator of affective symptoms and binge eating. This objective of the current study was to investigate main effects and interactions of affective symptoms and loneliness in relation to binge eating in college women. A sample of 556 undergraduate women completed self-report questionnaires of affective symptoms, loneliness, and binge eating. Results revealed significant interactions between each affective symptom variable and loneliness in relation to binge eating, such that loneliness strengthened the positive association of affective symptoms and greater binge eating. The findings of this study demonstrate an important role of loneliness to binge eating among college women, especially those with underlying affective vulnerabilities. More theoretical and treatment-oriented work on the role of loneliness in binge eating is needed to understand mechanisms and interventions/preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kaneko M, Shinoda S, Nakayama I, Xu J, Yagome S, Goto A. Usual source and better quality of primary care are associated with lower loneliness scores: a cross-sectional study. Fam Pract 2024; 41:312-320. [PMID: 37116200 PMCID: PMC11167986 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is a global issue, and primary care physicians play an important role in assessing and intervening with loneliness. This study aimed to examine the association between having a usual source of care (USC) or a good quality of primary care, and loneliness. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in Japan in 2022. A total of 6,000 residents were randomly sampled from the general population, aged 20-74 years. The outcome was the total score of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 3-item loneliness scale. The exposure included USC and the Person-Centered Primary Care Measure (PCPCM), which assesses the quality of primary care. We conducted a linear regression analysis to adjust for age, sex, educational status, annual household income, self-rated health, living status (whether alone or not), and the existence of physical health problems. RESULTS Of the 6,000 residents, 1,277 responded to the survey. The median score of the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale was 6.0 and the mean total score of the PCPCM was 2.62. Of the 1,277 individuals, 713 (55.8%) had USC. Having USC was significantly associated with lower scores on the UCLA 3-item loneliness scale; the coefficient was -0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.57 to -0.12). Also, the total PCPCM score was significantly associated with lower loneliness scores; the coefficient was -0.56 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.35). CONCLUSIONS Having USC and a better quality primary care were associated with a lower loneliness score. The quality of primary care could be a factor to mitigate patient loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kaneko
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Shinoda
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Izumi Nakayama
- Unit of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Zhang D, Yuan T, Huang A, Li X, Yang L, Wang C, Liu M, Lei Y, Sun L, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang J. Validation of the Chinese version of the Oslo-3 Social Support Scale among nursing students: a study based on Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory models. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:360. [PMID: 38816705 PMCID: PMC11137908 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students are encountering a range of health issues. Assessing social support is a key component in most questionnaire surveys related to health status, aiming to investigate the relationships and mechanisms between health status and social support to enhance overall health. Therefore, it is essential to seek out appropriate instruments to evaluate social support for nursing students. The Oslo-3 Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) is a reliable and concise instrument for evaluating social support. To date, there have been no studies validating the OSSS-3 based on Item Response Theory (IRT) models. Also, an officially validated Chinese version has not been found. The current research intended to verify the Chinese version of the OSSS-3. METHODS The OSSS-3 was translated into Chinese and culturally adapted. Subsequently, the OSSS-3 was validated by employing the Classical Test Theory (CTT) and IRT models. RESULTS The split-half reliability was 0.622. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.687. The correlations between each item and total scores varied from 0.723 to 0.835. The retest coefficient was 0.907. The content validity index was 0.933. A single common factor was extracted and accounted for 61.559% of the variance. The item loading values on the single factor were between 0.743 and 0.814. The communalities were between 0.552 and 0.663. There was no variance between males and females (P = 0.055). The difference in scores between the top (30%) and bottom (30%) groups attained significance. IRT models results revealed that the discrimination parameters ranged from 1.39 to 2.33 and difficulty parameters increased monotonically. CONCLUSION The OSSS-3 demonstrates satisfying psychometric properties and is a proper instrument for measuring social support in Chinese nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yuan
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Anle Huang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Congzhi Wang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Lu Sun
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Nursing Department, the People's Hospital of Yingshang, 566 Ganluo Road, Chengbei New District, Yingshang County, Anhui Province, P.R. China.
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Ocaña-Ortiz A, Gea-Caballero V, Juárez-Vela R, Peiró R, Pérez-Sanz E, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Sufrate-Sorzano T, Garrote-Cámara ME, Paredes-Carbonell JJ. Health equity in urban and rural settings: implementation of the place standard tool in Spain. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1292032. [PMID: 38803816 PMCID: PMC11129683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1292032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical, social, and economic characteristics of neighborhoods and municipalities determine the health of their residents, shaping their behaviors and choices regarding health and well-being. Addressing local environmental inequalities requires an intersectoral, participatory, and equity-focused approach. Community participation plays a vital role by providing deeper insights into local contexts, integrating community knowledge and values into processes, and promoting healthier, fairer, and more equitable actions. In recent years, various tools have been developed to assess places and transform them into health-promoting settings. One such tool, the Place Standard Tool (PST), facilitates discussions on Social Determinants of Health grouped into 14 themes, serving as a starting point for local health interventions. In this study, that took place between August 2019 and February 2020, we described the resident's perceptions of two municipalities in the Valencian Community, Spain, using the validated Spanish version of the PST. A mixed-method convergent-parallel design was used to gain a holistic insight into residents' experiences concerning their physical, economic, and social environment. A total of 356 individuals from both municipalities participated in the study through discussion groups, structured interviews, and online survey. Descriptive analysis of the individual questionnaire answers was conducted, and differences between municipalities were explored. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on structured interviews and discussion groups. Quantitative and qualitative data were integrated to facilitate their comparison and identify areas of convergence or divergence in the findings. Overall, rural areas received more favorable evaluations compared to urban ones. Public Transport as well as Work and Local Economy were consistently rated the lowest across all groups and contexts, while Identity and Belonging received the highest ratings. In the urban area, additional negative ratings were observed for Traffic and Parking, Housing and Community, and Care and Maintenance. Conversely, Identity and Belonging, Natural Spaces, Streets and Spaces, Social Interaction, and Services emerged as the highest-rated themes overall. In the rural context, positive evaluations were given to Walking or Cycling, Traffic and Parking, Housing and Community, and Influence and Sense of Control. Significant differences (p < 0.01) between urban and rural settings were observed in dimensions related to mobility, spaces, housing, social interaction, and identity and belonging. Our study illustrated the capacity of the PST to identifying aspects within local settings that influence health, revealing both positive and challenging factors. Successful implementation requires appropriate territorial delineation, support from local authorities, and effective management of expectations. Furthermore, the tool facilitated community participation in decision-making about local environments, promoting equity by connecting institutional processes with citizen needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ocaña-Ortiz
- Local Action and Health Equity Group (ALES Group), Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Gandia Health Department, Gandia, Spain
| | - Vicente Gea-Caballero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, VIU Valencia International University, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group SALCOM Community Health and Care, Valencia International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Rosana Peiró
- Local Action and Health Equity Group (ALES Group), Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Publica Health General Directorate, Health Department, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERESP ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pérez-Sanz
- Local Action and Health Equity Group (ALES Group), Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Publica Health General Directorate, Health Department, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván Santolalla-Arnedo
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Teresa Sufrate-Sorzano
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - María Elena Garrote-Cámara
- Department of Nursing, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
- GRUPAC, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Paredes-Carbonell
- Local Action and Health Equity Group (ALES Group), Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Public Health Center of Alzira, Valencia, Spain
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Merdawati L, Lin HC, Wang YC, Lin KC, Huang HC. Factors associated with loneliness in middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2024; 11:100444. [PMID: 38803818 PMCID: PMC11128717 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2024.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Loneliness is associated with adverse mental and physical health conditions and increased mortality. In this study, we identified significant factors associated with loneliness in middle-aged and older patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods For this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 200 patients (aged from 20 to 60 years) with BC from two hospitals in Indonesia through convenience sampling. Demographic characteristics, distress symptoms (Symptom Distress Scale), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), frailty (Groningen Frailty Indicator), and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale, version 3) were measured. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify significant factors associated with loneliness in our cohort. Results Loneliness risk was negatively correlated with social support but positively correlated with unemployment and frailty. Thus, the patients received a high level of social support (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.99) and had a low risk of severe loneliness. By contrast, patients who were unemployed (OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.65-9.66) and those who had frailty (OR: 5.79; 95% CI: 2.50-13.42) had an elevated risk of severe loneliness. Conclusions Unemployment, social support, and frailty may significantly influence the risk of loneliness in patients with BC. Early and regular assessments of loneliness should be integrated in the care of these patients. Suitable strategies aimed at increasing social support and mitigating frailty may benefit middle-aged and older patients with BC, particularly unemployed patients, by reducing their risk of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Merdawati
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Wang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Huang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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10
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Wang Y, Xu X, Lv Q, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zang X. Network analysis of symptoms, physiological, psychological and environmental risk factors based on unpleasant symptom theory in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13246. [PMID: 38389478 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic symptoms and related factors in patients with chronic heart failure have been extensively researched. However, more insight into the complex interconnections among these constructs is needed, as most studies focus on them independently from each other. AIMS The aim of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of how somatic symptoms and related factors are interconnected among patients with chronic heart failure. METHODS A total of 379 patients were enrolled. Network analysis was used to explore the interconnections among the somatic symptoms and related risk factors. RESULTS The four core symptoms of chronic heart failure were daytime dyspnea, dyspnea when lying down, fatigue and difficulty sleeping. Within the network, the edge weights of depression-anxiety, subjective social support-objective social support, and subjective social support-social support availability were more significant than others. Among physiological, psychological and environmental factors, the edge weights of NYHA-dyspnea, depression-difficulty sleeping, and social support availability-dyspnea when lying down were more significant than others. Depression and anxiety had the highest centrality, indicating stronger and closer connections with other nodes. CONCLUSIONS Psychological and environmental factors stood out in the network, suggesting the potential value of interventions targeting these factors to improve overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueying Xu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyun Lv
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Zang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Zhang J, Xiang X, Yang X, Mei Q, Cheng L. The effect of self-disclosure on loneliness among patients with coronary heart disease: The chain mediating effect of social support and sense of coherence. Heart Lung 2024; 64:74-79. [PMID: 38061319 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness is prevalent in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). It has a serious impact on the physical and mental health and the quality of life of patients with CHD. However, what factors contribute to loneliness and the mechanism of action still need to be explored. OBJECTIVES To explore the chain mediating effect among self-disclosure, social support, sense of coherence and loneliness in patients with CHD through a chain mediating model. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 248 patients with CHD from three tertiary hospitals in Shiyan, Hubei Province, China. Self-reported scales were used to assess feelings of loneliness, self-disclosure, social support and sense of coherence. The Amos 26.0 software was used to construct the chain mediating effect. RESULTS Self-disclosure cannot directly affect patients' loneliness (β = -0.60, P>0.05). Social support and sense of coherence play a significant complete mediating role between self-disclosure and loneliness, with an overall mediating effect value of -0.479. CONCLUSION Self-disclosure in CHD patients indirectly affect loneliness through social support and sense of coherence (β = -0.479, P = 0.001). Improving patient self-disclosure and modulation of social support and sense of coherence help reduce in loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30, Renmin South Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Xiancheng Xiang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30, Renmin South Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30, Renmin South Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Qian Mei
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30, Renmin South Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, No. 30, Renmin South Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China.
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12
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Jones VK, Yan C, Shade MY, Boron JB, Yan Z, Heselton HJ, Johnson K, Dube V. Reducing Loneliness and Improving Social Support among Older Adults through Different Modalities of Personal Voice Assistants. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:22. [PMID: 38525739 PMCID: PMC10961806 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the potential of AI-powered personal voice assistants (PVAs) in reducing loneliness and increasing social support among older adults. With the aging population rapidly expanding, innovative solutions are essential. Prior research has indicated the effectiveness of various interactive communication technologies (ICTs) in mitigating loneliness, but studies focusing on PVAs, particularly considering their modality (audio vs. video), are limited. This research aims to fill this gap by evaluating how voice assistants, in both audio and video formats, influence perceived loneliness and social support. This study examined the impact of voice assistant technology (VAT) interventions, both audio-based (A-VAT) and video-based (V-VAT), on perceived loneliness and social support among 34 older adults living alone. Over three months, participants engaged with Amazon Alexa™ PVA through daily routines for at least 30 min. Using a hybrid natural language processing framework, interactions were analyzed. The results showed reductions in loneliness (Z = -2.99, p < 0.01; pre-study loneliness mean = 1.85, SD = 0.61; post-study loneliness mean = 1.65, SD = 0.57), increases in social support post intervention (Z = -2.23, p < 0.05; pre-study social support mean = 5.44, SD = 1.05; post-study loneliness mean = 5.65, SD = 1.20), and a correlation between increased social support and loneliness reduction when the two conditions are combined (ρ = -0.39, p < 0.05). In addition, V-VAT was more effective than A-VAT in reducing loneliness (U = 85.50, p < 0.05) and increasing social support (U = 95, p < 0.05). However, no significant correlation between changes in perceived social support and changes in perceived loneliness was observed in either intervention condition (V-VAT condition: ρ = -0.24, p = 0.37; A-VAT condition: ρ = -0.46, p = 0.06). This study's findings could significantly contribute to developing targeted interventions for improving the well-being of aging adults, addressing a critical global issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie K. Jones
- College of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Changmin Yan
- College of Journalism and Mass Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Marcia Y. Shade
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Julie Blaskewicz Boron
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (J.B.B.); (H.J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Zhengxu Yan
- College of Computing, Data Science, and Society, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyeon Jung Heselton
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (J.B.B.); (H.J.H.); (V.D.)
| | - Kate Johnson
- College of Law, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Victoria Dube
- Department of Gerontology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA; (J.B.B.); (H.J.H.); (V.D.)
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13
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Jia W, Liu L, Peng G. The Impact of Social Media on Users' Self-Efficacy and Loneliness: An Analysis of the Mediating Mechanism of Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:593-612. [PMID: 38379636 PMCID: PMC10876441 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s449079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The integration of social media into all areas of society has become a typical phenomenon of the Internet era. This study's core objective is to dissect the relationship between social media, self-efficacy and loneliness, especially emphasizing the mediating function of social support. Patients and Methods The research data is derived from the pooled cross-sectional data combined from the four-period data of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression as the basic research method, and utilizes Instrumental Variables (IV) and other methods to conduct robustness checks. Results Social media usage frequency (SMUF) enhances self-efficacy and loneliness through social support. Social support promotes self-efficacy and alleviates users' loneliness. In self-efficacy, social support plays a fully mediating role. Moreover, education (human capital) has a significant moderating effect. There are noticeable differences in the response of different characteristics groups to SMUF. Conclusion This study reveals how social media impacts self-efficacy and loneliness through social support. Based on the research results, avoiding prolonged usage of social media and improving digital literacy are the crucial means to exert the positive benefits of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Peng
- School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Fan Z, Shi X, Yang S, Sun Y, Chen R. Reliability and validity evaluation of the stigma of loneliness scale in Chinese college students. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38245671 PMCID: PMC10799475 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stigma of loneliness exacerbates the negative effect of loneliness, reduces the willingness to seek help, damages interpersonal relationships, and threatens health status. However, there is currently no valid scale for measuring the stigma of loneliness in China. The study aims to translate the Stigma of Loneliness Scale (SLS) and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. METHODS The investigation was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the SLS was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 657 college students aged 17 to 24; in the second phase, the SLS, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), the Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), the Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale (RCBS), the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Social Phobia Scale (SPS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) were used to conduct the questionnaire survey on 801 college and graduates students aged 18 to 39. RESULTS Two dimensions of Self-stigma of Loneliness and Public Stigma of Loneliness were extracted with a cumulative factor interpretation rate of 74.60% when conducting exploratory factor analysis on the first-stage data. The factor loading of each item ranged from 0.585 to 0.890, and the commonality ranged from 0.609 to 0.735. The confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity test were carried out on the data gathered in the second phase, indicating that the two-factor model fits well. In addition, the scores of SLS and all dimensions were significantly positively correlated with the total scores of ULS-8, RCBS, SCS, SIAS, SPS, and K10, and negatively correlated with those of DDI and RSES. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for SLS and SSL and PSL dimensions were 0.957, 0.941, and 0.955. The cross-group invariance test found that the SLS was equivalent for males and females. Meanwhile, males scored significantly higher than females on both the total scores of SLS score and each dimension. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of SLS displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and can be a valid tool to assess the stigma of loneliness among Chinese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- School of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- School of Education, Jilin International Studies University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yueliang Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ri Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
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15
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Jensen-Campbell LA, Liegey Dougall A, Heller AC, Iyer-Eimerbrink P, Bland MK, Hull K. Do Social Support and Loneliness Influence Emerging Adults' Mental Health during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1691. [PMID: 38137139 PMCID: PMC10741457 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Youths' mental health is at a crisis level, with mental health problems doubling in the US since the pandemic began. To compound the mental health crisis, there is a global loneliness epidemic, with emerging adults worldwide experiencing some of the highest rates. One study with two phases examined the influence of social support and loneliness on mental health in US emerging adults during the pandemic, including changes in these relationships over one year. Emerging adults (N = 449) completed online questionnaires via Prolific in May 2020 (Phase 1) and again from January to May 2021 (N = 253; Phase 2). More perceived support was related to reduced loneliness, with family support having the most significant influence. Loneliness mediated the link between perceived support and adverse health outcomes. Higher loneliness predicted more perceived stress and sleep difficulties concurrently and over time. There was a bidirectional relationship between loneliness and depression, such that higher levels of either variable at Time 1 predicted increases in the other over time. Results highlight the detrimental impact of loneliness on emerging adults' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri A. Jensen-Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Angela Liegey Dougall
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Abigail C. Heller
- Department of Psychology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA;
| | - Priya Iyer-Eimerbrink
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75241, USA;
| | - Michelle K. Bland
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Kristen Hull
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (A.L.D.); (M.K.B.); (K.H.)
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16
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Julião PL, Fernandes ÓB, Alves JP, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan J, Mikton C, Diaz T, Pais S. A systematic review of reviews on the psychometric properties of measures of older persons' ability to build and maintain social relationships. Age Ageing 2023; 52:iv133-iv137. [PMID: 37902525 PMCID: PMC10615056 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the scope of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) world report on ageing and health and how healthy ageing was conceptualised, the WHO has been working with academia towards producing reviews of the psychometric properties of instruments that measure different domains of functional ability. This study aimed to conduct a review of reviews to examine existing and validated instruments measuring the ability of older persons to build and maintain social relationships and to evaluate the psychometric properties of these instruments. METHODS We searched for studies published in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages. No restrictions were placed on the year of publication. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, Psyinfo and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Titles and abstracts were screened and selected articles were screened and reviewed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS A total of 3,879 records were retrieved, of which 39 records were retrieved for full-text analysis. None of the reviews met the inclusion criteria, thus resulting in an empty review. CONCLUSIONS Considering the current definition of older persons' functional ability to build and maintain social relationships, this review did not identify instruments that can measure both constructs simultaneously. We suggest the development of an instrument that simultaneously assesses the ability of older persons to build and maintain relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lobo Julião
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Óscar Brito Fernandes
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Public and Occupational Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Public Health research institute, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janice P Alves
- Neurology Department, Setúbal Hospital Center, Setúbal, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal
| | | | - Christopher Mikton
- Demographic Change and Healthy Ageing Unit, Department of Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Diaz
- Epidemiology, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Pais
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
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17
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Cui H, Chen H, Gao W, Shi S, Li Y, Li H, Shen B. Quarantine experience of healthcare workers in close contact with COVID-19 patients in China: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073868. [PMID: 37865408 PMCID: PMC10603403 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the experiences of front-line healthcare workers who had been in close contact with COVID-19 patients and had been quarantined in order to provide guidance on quarantine measures with more humanistic care when dealing with future public health emergencies. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study using semistructured, qualitative, in-depth interviews between April and June 2022. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, followed by a thematic analysis. The study followed the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. RESULTS This study identified the following four themes: (1) personal psychological changes, (2) increased reflection on life and work during quarantine, (3) the important role of others' support and (4) different types of demands during quarantine and isolation. Each theme is supported by several subthemes that further illustrate the participants' experiences. CONCLUSIONS Quarantine of close contacts is necessary to prevent outbreaks. Front-line doctors and nurses are at a greater risk of COVID-19 infection than others. The results showed the psychological reactions of ordinary close contacts, and the unique feelings and experiences of doctors and nurses during the epidemic. Therefore, future research should cooperate with multiple departments to assess their needs, provide them with individualised care and love and give them incentives in order to reduce their psychological burden, improve their quality of life and allow them to engage in healthcare with a healthy mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengmei Cui
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Chen
- Department of Nursing, The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Nursing, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songsong Shi
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Li
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Maftei A, Măirean C. Put your phone down! Perceived phubbing, life satisfaction, and psychological distress: the mediating role of loneliness. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:332. [PMID: 37828557 PMCID: PMC10571372 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent literature highlights the need to explore phubbing, a worrying growing phenomenon, and the potential associated factors and outcomes. Thus, the present study focused on perceived phubbing and the potential associations with life satisfaction and psychological distress. Additionally, this study examined the mediating role of loneliness. The cross-sectional, web-based study involved 720 Romanian adults aged 18 to 77 (M = 24.12, SD = 8.80, 74% females) who completed self-reported scales measuring perceived phubbing, and life satisfaction. Results suggested positive associations between perceived phubbing, loneliness, and psychological distress. A significant negative association was also found between loneliness and life satisfaction. Further analyses suggested that loneliness partially mediated the link between perceived phubbing and life satisfaction and between perceived phubbing and psychological distress. The study highlights the significant role of perceived phubbing when discussing psychological distress and life satisfaction, underlining the need to address further the (mis)use of digital devices (e.g., smartphones) within interpersonal relationships, as well as the need to understand better the outcomes of such behaviors to shape effective interventions in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maftei
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Department of Education Sciences, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Măirean
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 3 Toma Cozma Street, Iasi, Romania
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19
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Chen S, Li H, Wen D. Social Support and Daytime Sleepiness Among Chinese Medical Students: Mediating Roles of Loneliness and Problematic Smartphone Use. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4083-4093. [PMID: 37817912 PMCID: PMC10561758 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s432400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems have become a serious threat to public health worldwide. Daytime sleepiness is an important indicator of many sleep problems, which have a significant impact on academic performance, physical and mental health, and wellbeing among medical students. We aimed to explore the factors associated with daytime sleepiness among medical students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 466 medical students recruited via convenience sampling. Self-rated psychometric scales, including the Social Support Rate Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Chinese version of the UCLA loneliness scale, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), were utilized to evaluate social support, daytime sleepiness, loneliness, and problematic smartphone use. A sequential mediation model was constructed with daytime sleepiness as the dependent variable, social support as the independent variable, and loneliness and problematic smartphone use as mediating variables. Age, gender, and grade were taken as covariates. Results Social support among medical students was negatively associated with loneliness, problematic smartphone use, and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.01). A sequential mediation analysis showed that loneliness (the first mediator) and problematic smartphone use (the second mediator) sequentially mediated the path from social support to daytime sleepiness among medical students (β = -0.008; 95% CI = -0.016, -0.002). Moreover, there were also significant mediating roles observed in the relationship between social support and daytime sleepiness via loneliness only (β = -0.037; 95% CI = -0.062, -0.015) and problematic smartphone use only (β = -0.022; 95% CI = -0.041, -0.008). Conclusion Social support, loneliness, and problematic smartphone use among medical students influenced their daytime sleepiness. Interventions targeting medical student loneliness and problematic smartphone use behaviors might attenuate the effects from low levels of social support and further improve daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Chen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghe Li
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Hussain MA, Watson CWM, Morgan EE, Heaton RK, Letendre SL, Jeste DV, Moore DJ, Iudicello JE. Combined effects of loneliness and inflammation on depression in people with HIV. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:538-554. [PMID: 37651083 PMCID: PMC10645641 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loneliness is prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) and associated with adverse health-related consequences, including depression. Chronic inflammation has been linked to depression in PWH, though its association with loneliness is less well established. Simultaneous examination of inflammation, loneliness and depression is needed to clarify these relationships. This study investigated the relationship between loneliness and inflammation, and the effects of loneliness and inflammation on depression in PWH. METHODS 82 PWH who were on suppressive ART (mean age [SD] = 53.2 [9.0]) completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale-Version 3 and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as part of a comprehensive evaluation. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, CCL2/MCP-1, sCD14) and coagulation (D-dimer) were measured in blood using commercial immunoassays. RESULTS Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that higher D-dimer, CCL2/MCP-1, and sCD14 were significant predictors of loneliness (ps < .05) while accounting for relevant covariates. Stepwise multiple linear regression models that included loneliness, biomarkers, and their interactions as predictors of depressive symptoms revealed significant main effects of loneliness and CCL2/MCP-1 levels (ps < .05), and a significant loneliness by D-dimer interaction (p < .05) whereby higher D-dimer was associated with increased depressive symptoms only at higher levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Increased coagulation activity is associated with loneliness, and in the context of loneliness, may increase risk for depression. Increased inflammation was associated with depression suggesting potentially dissociable underlying biological processes. To the extent that these processes are modifiable, such findings could have important implications in the treatment of loneliness and depression in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Hussain
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.
| | - C Wei-Ming Watson
- San Diego State University, University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Erin E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research On Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - David J Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Jennifer E Iudicello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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Palace M, Zamazii O, Terbeck S, Bokszczanin A, Berezovski T, Gurbisz D, Szwejka L. Mapping the factors behind ongoing war stress in Ukraine-based young civilian adults. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023. [PMID: 37727930 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
While the literature on well-being and stress following natural disasters is well-developed, it is less so when it comes to ongoing war experiences. Between September and October of 2022, 223 Ukraine-based civilian adults (156 women and 67 men) completed a survey measuring symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peritraumatic experiences, paranoia, quality of life, death anxiety, anxiety about weapons of mass destruction and depression (i.e. assumed 'war consequence' factors), as well as perceived social support, resilience, loneliness and expected military support from the West (i.e. assumed 'buffer' factors). Our exploratory structural equation model (SEM) suggests that Perceived Social Support predicted fewer PTSD Symptoms and more Peritraumatic Experiences. The regression modelling, however, shows that Perceived Social Support was also positively correlated with Peritraumatic Experiences. Highlighting the need for a civilian war stress buffer disruption theory, we argue that when composed of one's circle of family and friends, social support could likely mean greater exposure to war stressors through the mutual sharing of ongoing war experiences with no end in sight. Such a possible war stress sharing deterioration effect would imply that Perceived Social Support may compound peritraumatic distress if the support in question is offered by those facing the same grim reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Palace
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Oksana Zamazii
- Department of Accounting, Audit and Taxation, Khmelnytskyi National University, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
| | - Sylvia Terbeck
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Tetyana Berezovski
- Department of Mathematics, St Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominica Gurbisz
- Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szwejka
- Institute of Pedagogy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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22
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Fagan MJ, Wunderlich K, Wu C, Fang M, Faulkner G. Lonely but not alone: Examining correlates of loneliness among Canadian post-secondary students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37607023 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2245496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Loneliness is increasingly acknowledged as a public health concern due to its association with morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of loneliness is highest in the post-secondary population. Understanding the correlates of loneliness may assist in developing policy and program interventions. Participants and Methods: Post-secondary students (n = 28,975) from the Winter 2022 Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS) cycle. A multi-level logistic regression controlling for the institution was built to determine how demographic, health behaviors, mental health and institutional level factors are associated with loneliness. Results: The prevalence of loneliness was 31% in our sample. Demographic (e.g., gender, sexual orientation, social economic status), health behaviors (e.g., physical activity and substance use), mental health (e.g., mental distress and social support) and institutional factors (e.g., college or university institution) impacted the odds of reporting loneliness (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest loneliness might require greater attention by institutional staff and administrators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Wunderlich
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Caroline Wu
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Fang
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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23
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Qu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Chang L, Fan H. Relationships among Square Dance, Group Cohesion, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Capital in 2721 Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2025. [PMID: 37510466 PMCID: PMC10379668 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aging is a global phenomenon, and China's aging is extensive and rapid and already at the middle to upper level worldwide. Promoting social interaction and increasing positive psychological qualities in individuals are key components in helping people adapt to the physical and mental changes of the aging process. Among them, how middle-aged and older adults improve their physical and mental health through physical activity is of great concern. (2) Methods: This study measured the physical activity of 2721 middle-aged and elderly square dance participants across China, and structural equation modeling was applied to explore the relationship between square dance exercise and group cohesion as well as the role of perceived social support and psychological capital. (3) Results: The results showed that (a) square dance exercise positively predicts group cohesion among middle-aged and older adults. (b) Perceived social support and psychological capital mediate the relationship between square dance exercise and group cohesion, and the mediating role consists of three pathways: perceived social support alone, psychological capital alone, and perceived social support-psychological capital chain mediation. (c) The mediating effect of psychological capital alone is greater than the mediating effect of perceived social support alone and the mediating effect of the perceived social support-psychological capital chain. (4) Conclusions: This study provides support for the theory and practice of square dance exercise and intervention guidance for increasing positive psychological qualities and group dynamic levels in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qu
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Art, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Sports Department, China Women's University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Wang K, Ortiz DV, Colón L, Sun F, Falcón L. The moderating role of everyday discrimination on the association between post-traumatic stress and loneliness among older Puerto Ricans. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1388-1395. [PMID: 36444946 PMCID: PMC10225478 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2149695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the relationship between post-traumatic stress and loneliness and whether this relationship varies by perceived everyday discrimination among older Puerto Ricans. METHODS A total of 304 Puerto Ricans aged 60 and above from Wave 3 of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study were included. Ordinary least squares regression examined the association between post-traumatic stress, perceived everyday discrimination, and loneliness. RESULTS Post-traumatic stress was significantly associated with a higher level of loneliness (β = 0.282; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.142, 0.423). The interaction effect between post-traumatic stress and perceived everyday discrimination on loneliness was statistically significant (β = 0.083; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.062, 0.230). More specifically, the positive association between post-traumatic stress and loneliness becomes more robust with the increase in perceived everyday discrimination. CONCLUSION Given an increase in population size on the U.S. mainland and migration from Puerto Rico due to natural disasters and declining economic conditions, it is essential to better understand the effect of perceived discrimination against older Puerto Ricans on the mainland United States as well as those who immigrated and stayed through older age. Outreach strategies and interventions that address perceived discrimination can help mitigate loneliness among older Puerto Ricans who experienced trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaipeng Wang
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel Vélez Ortiz
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa Colón
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Luis Falcón
- College of Fine Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Teshale AB, Htun HL, Hu J, Dalli LL, Lim MH, Neves BB, Baker JR, Phyo AZZ, Reid CM, Ryan J, Owen AJ, Fitzgerald SM, Freak-Poli R. The relationship between social isolation, social support, and loneliness with cardiovascular disease and shared risk factors: A narrative review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 111:105008. [PMID: 37003026 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the greatest contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Poor social health plays a critical role in CVD incidence. Additionally, the relationship between social health and CVD may be mediated through CVD risk factors. However, the underlying mechanisms between social health and CVD are poorly understood. Certain social health constructs (social isolation, low social support and loneliness) have complicated the characterisation of a causal relationship between social health and CVD. AIM To provide an overview of the relationship between social health and CVD (and its shared risk factors). METHOD In this narrative review, we examined published literature on the relationship between three social health constructs (social isolation, social support, and loneliness) and CVD. Evidence was synthesised in a narrative format, focusing on the potential ways in which social health affects CVD, including shared risk factors. RESULTS The current literature highlights an established relationship between social health and CVD with a likelihood for bi-directionality. However, there is speculation and varied evidence regarding how these relationships may be mediated through CVD risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Social health can be considered an established risk factor for CVD. However, the potential bi-directional pathways of social health with CVD risk factors are less established. Further research is needed to understand whether targeting certain constructs of social health may directly improve the management of CVD risk factors. Given the health and economic burdens of poor social health and CVD, improvements to addressing or preventing these interrelated health conditions would have societal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Htet Lin Htun
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jessie Hu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan L Dalli
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michelle H Lim
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | - J R Baker
- School of Health, Southern Cross University, Australia; Primary & Community Care Limited, Australia.
| | - Aung Zaw Zaw Phyo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sharyn M Fitzgerald
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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26
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Da Costa IGR, Brugnaro BH, Lima CRG, Kraus de Camargo O, Fumincelli L, Pavão SL, Rocha NACF. Perceived Social Support and Quality of Life of Children with and without Developmental Disabilities and Their Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4449. [PMID: 36901463 PMCID: PMC10001514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support and Quality of life (QoL) are important aspects of life and should be explored during the specific scenario of the pandemic. AIMS (i) to compare the perceived social support (PSS) in caregivers and the domains of QoL of the caregiver and the child with developmental disabilities (DD) and typical development (TD); (ii) to verify the existence of the association, in each group, between the PSS, and the domain of QoL of the caregiver and the child. METHODS AND PROCEDURES 52 caregivers of children with DD and 34 with TD participated remotely. We assessed PSS (Social Support Scale), children's QoL (PedsQL-4.0-parent proxy) and caregivers' QoL (PedsQL-Family Impact Module). The groups were compared for the outcomes using the Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman's test evaluated the correlation between the PSS and the QoL (child and caregiver) in each of the groups. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS There was no difference between groups for PSS. Children with DD presented lower values in PedsQL total, psychosocial health, physical health, social activities, and school activity. Caregivers of children with TD presented lower values in PedsQL family total, physical capacity, emotional aspect, social aspect, daily activities, and higher value in communication. In the DD group, we found a positive relationship between PSS with child: Psychosocial Health (r = 0.350) and Emotional Aspect (r = 0.380), and with family: Total (r = 0.562), Physical Capacity (r = 0.402), Emotional Aspect (r = 0.492), Social Aspect (r = 0.606), Communication (r = 0.535), Concern (r = 0.303), Daily Activities (r = 0.394) and Family Relationships (r = 0.369). In the TD group, we found that PSS was positively associated with Family: Social Aspect (r = 0.472) and Communication (r = 0.431). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, despite both groups presenting similar PSS, there are important differences in QoL between them. For both groups, greater levels of perceived social support are associated with greater caregiver-reported in some domains of the child's and caregiver's QoL. These associations are more numerous, especially for the families of children with DD. This study provides a unique view into the relationships between perceived social support and QoL during the "natural experiment" of living through a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gansella Rocha Da Costa
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Helena Brugnaro
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Resende Gâmbaro Lima
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Olaf Kraus de Camargo
- CanChild, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Lais Fumincelli
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Letícia Pavão
- Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
- Child Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
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27
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Liu N, Li X, Ding X, Liu H, Zhang X. Mediating roles of perceived social support and sense of security in the relationship between negative life events and life satisfaction among left-behind children: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1100677. [PMID: 36710749 PMCID: PMC9880476 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Life satisfaction is closely related to the quality of life. Previous studies showed that left-behind children have low life satisfaction levels due to their separation from their parents. Therefore, it is significant to explore the risk factors and protective factors of left-behind children's life satisfaction to improve their life quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the mediating roles of perceived social support and sense of security in the relationship between negative life events and life satisfaction among left-behind children. Methods A survey was conducted on 281 left-behind children in rural Shandong, China using negative life events, perceived social support, a sense of security, and life satisfaction scales. Results Negative life events had a negative impact on life satisfaction (β = -0.34, p = 0.001). In addition, not only does social support mediate between negative life events and life satisfaction (β = -0.21, p = 0.001), but also in between, security (β = -0.05, p = 0.030). Moreover, social support and security act as a chain intermediary between negative life events and life satisfaction (β = -0.03, p = 0.010), with an indirect effect share of 4.76%. Conclusion Negative life events could directly or indirectly affect the life satisfaction of left-behind children through the chain-mediating effects of perceived social support or the sense of security alone. Perceived social support and the sense of security are two important targets for further improving the life satisfaction of LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- School of Public Health and Administration, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Public Health and Administration, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Nursing, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoli Zhang, ✉
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28
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Lin CY, Tsai CS, Jian CR, Chao SR, Wang PW, Lin HC, Huang MF, Yeh YC, Liu TL, Chen CS, Lin YP, Lee SY, Chen CH, Wang YC, Chang YP, Chen YM, Yen CF. Comparing the Psychometric Properties among Three Versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Individuals with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148443. [PMID: 35886310 PMCID: PMC9319140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3; UCLA-LSV3) is widely used for assessing loneliness. Nevertheless, the validity of this scale for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder has not been determined. Additionally, studies validating the eight-item and three-item versions of UCLA-LSV3 have not included individuals with severe mental illness; therefore, whether the short versions are comparable to the full 20-item version of UCLA-LSV3 for this population is unclear. The present study examined the unidimensional structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability of the Chinese versions of UCLA-LSV3 (i.e., 20-item, 8-item, and 3-item versions) to determine which version is most appropriate for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Taiwan. A total of 300 participants (267 with schizophrenia and 33 with schizoaffective disorder) completed the scales, comprising UCLA-LSV3, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the suicidality module of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Epidemiological Version (K-SADS-E), and the family and peer Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (APGAR) index. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. The three versions of UCLA-LSV3 were compared with the CES-D, the suicidality module of the K-SADS-E, and the family and peer APGAR index to establish concurrent validity. The results indicated that all three versions of UCLA-LSV3 exhibited acceptable to satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of unidimensional constructs, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability. The full version of UCLA-LSV3 had the best performance, followed by the eight-item version and the three-item version. Moreover, the three versions had relatively strong associations with each other. Therefore, when deliberating which version of UCLA-LSV3 is the best choice for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, healthcare providers and therapists should consider time availability and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cian-Ruei Jian
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ru Chao
- Department of Social Work, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Feng Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Chen
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yun-Chi Wang
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (Y.-C.W.)
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Yu-Min Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.C.); (C.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6816) (Y.-M.C.); +886-7-3124941 (C.-F.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-R.J.); (P.-W.W.); (H.-C.L.); (M.-F.H.); (Y.-C.Y.); (T.-L.L.); (C.-S.C.); (Y.-P.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- College of Professional Studies, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-M.C.); (C.-F.Y.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 6816) (Y.-M.C.); +886-7-3124941 (C.-F.Y.)
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