1
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Jain P, Parikh S, Patel P, Shah S, Patel K. Comprehensive insights into herbal P-glycoprotein inhibitors and nanoformulations for improving anti-retroviral therapy efficacy. J Drug Target 2024; 32:884-908. [PMID: 38748868 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2356751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide HIV cases were 39.0 million (33.1-45.7 million) in 2022. Due to genetic variations, HIV-1 is more easily transmitted than HIV-2 and favours CD4 + T cells and macrophages, producing AIDS. Conventional HIV drug therapy has many drawbacks, including adherence issues leading to resistance, side effects that lower life quality, drug interactions, high costs limiting global access, inability to eliminate viral reservoirs, chronicity requiring lifelong treatment, emerging toxicities, and a focus on managing infections. Conventional dosage forms have bioavailability issues due to intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux, which can reduce anti-retroviral drug efficacy and lead to resistance. Use of phyto-constituents with P-gp regulating actions has great benefits for semi-synthetic modification to create formulations with greater bioavailability and reduced toxicity, which improves drug effectiveness. Lipid-based nanocarriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymer-based nanocarriers, and inorganic nanoparticles may inhibit P-gp efflux. Employing potent P-gp inhibitors within nanocarriers as a Trojan horse approach can enhance the intracellular accumulation of anti-retroviral drugs (ARDs), which are substrates for efflux transporters. This technique increases oral bioavailability and offers lower-dose options, boosting HIV patient compliance and lowering costs. Molecular docking of the inhibitor with P-gp may anticipate optimum binding and function, allowing drug efflux to be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prexa Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shreni Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Paresh Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kaushika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, India
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2
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Gendelman HE, Patel M, Panja S, Zaman LA, Yeapuri P, Bhattarai S, Gorantla S, Chang L, Heredia A, Walczak P, Cohen S, Kevadiya B. CCR5 Decorated Rilpivirine Lipid Nanoparticles Build Myeloid Drug Depots Which Sustains Antiretroviral Activities. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4433306. [PMID: 38883780 PMCID: PMC11177988 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4433306/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality of life for those living with the human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1). However, poor compliance reduces ART effectiveness and leads to immune compromise, viral mutations, and disease co-morbidities. A novel drug formulation is made whereby a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) carrying rilpivirine (RPV) is decorated with the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5). This facilitates myeloid drug depot deposition. Particle delivery to viral reservoirs is tracked by positron emission tomography. The CCR5-mediated RPV LNP cell uptake and retention reduce HIV-1 replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages and infected humanized mice. Focused ultrasound allows the decorated LNP to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and reach brain myeloid cells. These findings offer a role for CCR5-targeted therapeutics in antiretroviral delivery to optimize HIV suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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3
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Ramadan SE, El-Gizawy SA, Osman MA, Arafa MF. Application of Design of Experiment in the Optimization of Apixaban-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:167. [PMID: 37552329 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLnPs) are usually utilized as lipid-based formulations for enhancing oral bioavailability of BCS class IV drugs. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to investigate the effect of formulation and processing variables on the properties of the developed SLnPs for oral delivery of apixaban. Randomized full factorial design (24) was employed for optimization of SLnPs. With two levels for each independent variable, four factors comprising both formulations and processing factors were chosen: the GMS content (A), the Tween 80 content (B), the homogenization time (C), and the content of poloxamer 188 used (D). The modified hot homogenization and sonication method was employed in the formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with apixaban (APX-SLnPs). The size of APX-SLnPs formulations was measured to lie between 116.7 and 1866 nm, polydispersity index ranged from 0.385 to 1, and zeta potential was discovered to be in the range of - 12.6 to - 38.6 mV. The entrapping efficiency of APX-SLnPs formulations was found to be in the range of 22.8 to 96.7%. The optimized formulation was evaluated in vivo after oral administration to rats. Oral administration of APX-SLnPs resulted in significant prolongation in bleeding time compared with both positive and negative control. This indicates the ability of this system to enhance drug therapeutic effect either by increasing intestinal absorption or trans-lymphatic transport. So, this study highlighted the capability of SLnPs to boost the pharmacological effect of apixaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa E Ramadan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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4
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Lee MF, Poh CL. Strategies to improve the physicochemical properties of peptide-based drugs. Pharm Res 2023; 40:617-632. [PMID: 36869247 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are a rapid-growing class of therapeutics with unique and desirable physicochemical properties. Due to disadvantages such as low membrane permeability and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, peptide-based drugs have limited bioavailability, a short half-life, and rapid in vivo elimination. Various strategies can be applied to improve the physicochemical properties of peptide-based drugs to overcome limitations such as limited tissue residence time, metabolic instability, and low permeability. Applied strategies including backbone modifications, side chain modifications, conjugation with polymers, modification of peptide termini, fusion to albumin, conjugation with the Fc portion of antibodies, cyclization, stapled peptides, pseudopeptides, cell-penetrating peptide conjugates, conjugation with lipids, and encapsulation in nanocarriers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Felicia Lee
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Selangor 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Selangor 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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5
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Priya S, Desai VM, Singhvi G. Surface Modification of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: A Potential Approach to Enhance Targeted Drug Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:74-86. [PMID: 36643539 PMCID: PMC9835629 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have the utmost significance for advancements in drug delivery and nanomedicine technology. They are classified as polymer-based nanocarriers, lipid-based nanocarriers, viral nanoparticles, or inorganic nanoparticles, depending on their constituent parts. Lipid-based nanocarrier systems have gained tremendous attention over the years because of their noteworthy properties like high drug-loading capacity, lower toxicity, better bioavailability and biocompatibility, stability in the gastrointestinal tract, controlled release, simpler scale-up, and validation process. Nanocarriers still have some disadvantages like poor drug penetration, limited drug encapsulation, and poor targeting. These disadvantages can be overcome by their surface modification. Surface-modified nanocarriers result in controlled release, enhanced penetration efficiency, and targeted medication delivery. In this review, the authors summarize the numerous lipid-based nanocarriers and their functionalization through various surface modifiers such as polymers, ligands, surfactants, and fatty acids. Recent examples of newly developing surface-modified lipid-based nanocarrier systems from the available literature, along with their applications, have been compiled in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Priya
- Industrial
Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vaibhavi Meghraj Desai
- Industrial
Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial
Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) - Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
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6
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Chen Y, Xu Z, Lu T, Luo J, Xue H. Prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted, glutathione-sensitive nanoparticles loaded with docetaxel and enzalutamide for the delivery to prostate cancer. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2705-2712. [PMID: 35980107 PMCID: PMC9487954 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in men. Chemotherapy with docetaxel (DTX) and novel hormonal agents such as enzalutamide (EZL) and abiraterone are the preferred first-line therapeutic regimens. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on the surface of PCa cells. This study aimed to prepare a PSMA targeted (Glutamate-Urea-Lysine, GUL ligand modified), glutathione (GSH)-sensitive (Cystamine, SS), DTX and EZL co-loaded nanoparticles (GUL-SS DTX/EZL-NPs) to treat PCa. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was conjugated with oleic acid (OA) using a GSH-sensitive ligand: cystamine (PEG-SS-OA). GUL was covalently coupled to PEG-SS-OA to achieve GUL-PEG-SS-OA. GUL-PEG-SS-OA was used to prepare GUL-SS DTX/EZL-NPs. To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficiency of the system, human prostate cancer cell lines and PCa cells bearing mice were applied. Single drug-loaded nanoparticle and free drugs systems were utilized for the comparison of the anticancer ability. GUL-SS DTX/EZL-NPs showed a size of 143.7 ± 4.1 nm, with a PDI of 0.162 ± 0.037 and a zeta potential of +29.1 ± 2.4 mV. GUL-SS DTX/EZL-NPs showed high cancer cell uptake of about 70%, as well as higher cell growth inhibition efficiency (a maximum 79% of cells were inhibited after treatment) than single drug-loaded NPs and free drugs. GUL-SS DTX/EZL-NPs showed the most prominent tumor inhibition ability and less systemic toxicity. The novel GUL-SS DTX/EZL-NPs could be used as a promising system for PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingxun Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi214000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi214000, Jiangsu Province, China
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7
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Gairola A, Benjamin A, Weatherston JD, Cirillo JD, Wu HJ. Recent Developments in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Tuberculosis by Targeting Macrophages. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100193. [PMID: 36203881 PMCID: PMC9531895 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the greatest public health and safety concerns in the 21st century, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, infects alveolar macrophages and uses these cells as one of its primary sites of replication. The current TB treatment regimen, which consist of chemotherapy involving a combination of 3-4 antimicrobials for a duration of 6-12 months, is marked with significant side effects, toxicity, and poor compliance. Targeted drug delivery offers a strategy that could overcome many of the problems of current TB treatment by specifically targeting infected macrophages. Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have opened an avenue to explore drug carriers that actively and passively target macrophages. This approach can increase the drug penetration into macrophages by using ligands on the nanocarrier that interact with specific receptors for macrophages. This review encompasses the recent development of drug carriers specifically targeting macrophages actively and passively. Future directions and challenges associated with development of effective TB treatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Gairola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron Benjamin
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua D Weatherston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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8
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Jadhav S, Yenorkar N, Bondre R, Karemore M, Bali N. Nanomedicines encountering HIV dementia: A guiding star for neurotherapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Kharwade R, Badole P, Mahajan N, More S. Toxicity And Surface Modification Of Dendrimers: A Critical Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:451-465. [PMID: 34674620 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666211021160441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As compared to other nano polymers, dendrimers have novel three dimensional, synthetic hyperbranched, nano-polymeric structures. The characteristic of these supramolecular dendritic structures has a high degree of significant surface as well as core functionality in the transportation of drugs for targeted therapy, specifically in host-guest response, gene transfer therapy and imaging of biological systems. However, there are conflicting shreds of evidence regarding biological safety and dendrimers toxicity due to their positive charge at the surface. It includes cytotoxicity, hemolytic toxicity, haematological toxicity, immunogenicity and in vivo toxicity. Therefore to resolve these problems surface modification of the dendrimer group is one of the methods. From that point, this review involves different strategies which reduce the toxicity and improve the biocompatibility of different types of dendrimers. From that viewpoint, we broaden the structural and safe characteristics of the dendrimers in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kharwade
- Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, (MS). India
| | - Payal Badole
- Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, (MS). India
| | - Nilesh Mahajan
- Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, (MS). India
| | - Sachin More
- Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, (MS). India
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10
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Rojekar S, Fotooh Abadi L, Pai R, Mahajan K, Kulkarni S, Vavia PR. Multi-organ targeting of HIV-1 viral reservoirs with etravirine loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: An in-vivo proof of concept. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105916. [PMID: 34166780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inadequate bioavailability and toxicity potential of antiretroviral therapy limit their effectiveness in the complete eradication of HIV from viral reservoirs. The penetration of these drugs into the brain is challenging because of the unfavorable physicochemical properties required to cross the membranes, limiting the transport of the drugs. Thus, in the current study, the authors report a nanocarrier-based drug delivery of a highly hydrophobic drug to overcome the existing limitations of the conventional therapies. An explicitly simple approach was used to overcome the limitations of existing anti-HIV therapies. The monophasic hot homogenized solution of lipid, drug, and solubilizer was diluted with the predetermined hot surfactant solution followed by the ultrasonication to generate the polydisperse nanoparticles with the size range of 50-1000 nm. The anti-HIV1 potential of nanostructured lipid carriers of Etravirine on HIV-infected cell lines showed efficacy with an appreciable increase in the therapeutic index as compared with the plain drug. Further, the results obtained from confocal microscopy along with flow cytometry exhibited efficient uptake of the nanocarrier loaded with coumarin-6 in cells. The pharmacokinetics of Etravirine nanostructured carriers was significantly better in all aspects compared to the plain drug solution, which could be attributed to molecular dispersion in the lipid matrix of the nanocarrier. A significant enhancement of Etravirine concentration of several-fold was also observed in the liver, ovary, lymph node, and brain, respectively, as compared to plain drug solution when assessed by biodistribution studies in rats. In conclusion, ETR-NLC systems could serve as a promising approach for simultaneous multi-site targeting and could provide therapeutic benefits for the efficient eradication of HIV/AIDS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Rohan Pai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ketan Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Department of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India
| | - Pradeep R Vavia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Center for Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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11
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Abstract
The host immune system is highly compromised in case of viral infections and relapses are very common. The capacity of the virus to destroy the host cell by liberating its own DNA or RNA and replicating inside the host cell poses challenges in the development of antiviral therapeutics. In recent years, many new technologies have been explored for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infections. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising technologies on account of its ability to deal with viral diseases in an effective manner, addressing the limitations of traditional antiviral medicines. It has not only helped us to overcome problems related to solubility and toxicity of drugs, but also imparted unique properties to drugs, which in turn has increased their potency and selectivity toward viral cells against the host cells. The initial part of the paper focuses on some important proteins of influenza, Ebola, HIV, herpes, Zika, dengue, and corona virus and those of the host cells important for their entry and replication into the host cells. This is followed by different types of nanomaterials which have served as delivery vehicles for the antiviral drugs. It includes various lipid-based, polymer-based, lipid-polymer hybrid-based, carbon-based, inorganic metal-based, surface-modified, and stimuli-sensitive nanomaterials and their application in antiviral therapeutics. The authors also highlight newer promising treatment approaches like nanotraps, nanorobots, nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanovaccines, and mathematical modeling for the future. The paper has been updated with the recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches in view of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malobika Chakravarty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Amisha Vora
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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12
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Baranyai Z, Soria‐Carrera H, Alleva M, Millán‐Placer AC, Lucía A, Martín‐Rapún R, Aínsa JA, la Fuente JM. Nanotechnology‐Based Targeted Drug Delivery: An Emerging Tool to Overcome Tuberculosis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Héctor Soria‐Carrera
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Maria Alleva
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Ana C. Millán‐Placer
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Rafael Martín‐Rapún
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - José A. Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Jesús M. la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
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13
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Baranyai Z. Fighting against intracellular pathogens: host cell-targeted drug delivery. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:833-836. [PMID: 32657619 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i - Campus Río Ebro, C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018, Spain
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14
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Halling Folkmar Andersen A, Tolstrup M. The Potential of Long-Acting, Tissue-Targeted Synthetic Nanotherapy for Delivery of Antiviral Therapy Against HIV Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:E412. [PMID: 32272815 PMCID: PMC7232358 DOI: 10.3390/v12040412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of a combination of two or three antiretroviral drugs (cART) has transformed HIV from a life-threatening disease to a manageable infection. However, as the discontinuation of therapy leads to virus rebound in plasma within weeks, it is evident that, despite daily pill intake, the treatment is unable to clear the infection from the body. Furthermore, as cART drugs exhibit a much lower concentration in key HIV residual tissues, such as the brain and lymph nodes, there is a rationale for the development of drugs with enhanced tissue penetration. In addition, the treatment, with combinations of multiple different antiviral drugs that display different pharmacokinetic profiles, requires a strict dosing regimen to avoid the emergence of drug-resistant viral strains. An intriguing opportunity lies within the development of long-acting, synthetic scaffolds for delivering cART. These scaffolds can be designed with the goal to reduce the frequency of dosing and furthermore, hold the possibility of potential targeting to key HIV residual sites. Moreover, the synthesis of combinations of therapy as one molecule could unify the pharmacokinetic profiles of different antiviral drugs, thereby eliminating the consequences of sub-therapeutic concentrations. This review discusses the recent progress in the development of long-acting and tissue-targeted therapies against HIV for the delivery of direct antivirals, and examines how such developments fit in the context of exploring HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Halling Folkmar Andersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Approaches for CNS delivery of drugs - nose to brain targeting of antiretroviral agents as a potential attempt for complete elimination of major reservoir site of HIV to aid AIDS treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 16:287-300. [PMID: 30779602 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1583206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection causing acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most life-threatening infections. The central nervous system (CNS) is reported to be the most important HIV reservoir site where the antiretroviral drugs are unable to reach. AREAS COVERED This article includes the review about HIV infections, its pathogenesis, HIV infections in CNS, its consequences, current therapies, challenges associated with the existing therapies, approaches to overcome them, CNS delivery of drugs - barriers, transport routes, approaches for transporting drugs across the blood-brain barrier, nasal route of drug delivery, and nose to brain targeting of antiretroviral agents as a potential approach for complete cure of AIDS. EXPERT OPINION Various approaches are exploited to enhance the drug delivery to the brain for various categories of drugs. However, very few have investigated on the delivery of antiretrovirals to the brain. Targeting antiretrovirals to CNS through oral/nasal routes along with oral/parenteral delivery of drug to the plasma can be a promising approach for an attempt to completely eradicate HIV reservoir and cure AIDS, after clinical trials. Further research is required to identify the exact location of the HIV reservoir in CNS and developing good animal models for evaluation of different newly developed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gupta
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Ideal College of Pharmacy and Research , University of Mumbai , Mumbai, Maharashtra , India
| | - Rajesh Kesarla
- b Corporate Quality Assurance , Zydus Cadila , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
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Giordani S, Camisasca A, Maffeis V. Carbon Nano-onions: A Valuable Class of Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:6915-6929. [PMID: 30474524 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanoscale materials is an important area of research as it provides access to materials with unique properties that can be applied to improve quality of life. Multi-layer fullerenes, also known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs) are an exciting class of nanostructures which show great versatility and applicability. They find applications in several fields of technology and biomedicine. This review highlights the potential advantages of CNOs for biomedical applications, which include but are not limited to bioimaging and sensing. Their good biocompatibility renders them promising platforms for the development of novel healthcare devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Adalberto Camisasca
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
| | - Viviana Maffeis
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy
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Ghosh S, Lalani R, Patel V, Bhowmick S, Misra A. Surface engineered liposomal delivery of therapeutics across the blood brain barrier: recent advances, challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1287-1311. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1676721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Formulation Development Department-Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, India
| | - Rohan Lalani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Formulation Development Department-Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, India
| | - Vivek Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Subhas Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
- Formulation Development Department-Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, India
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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Liposome and immune system interplay: Challenges and potentials. J Control Release 2019; 305:194-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hong Y, Che S, Hui B, Yang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Qiang Y, Ma H. Lung cancer therapy using doxorubicin and curcumin combination: Targeted prodrug based, pH sensitive nanomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108614. [PMID: 30798129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. To overcome the toxic side effects and multidrug resistance (MDR) during doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy, a urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) targeting U11 peptide decorated, pH-sensitive, dual drugs co-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs) system is employed in this study. A U11 peptide conjugated, pH-sensitive DOX prodrug (U11-DOX) was synthesized and used as materials to produce NPs. A curcumin (CUR) and U11-DOX co-encapsulated NPs system (U11-DOX/CUR NPs) was constructed to treat lung cancer. After the characterization of biophysical properties of this NPs system, synergistic chemotherapeutic efficacy was evaluated in both cultured cancer cells and tumor-bearing animal model. U11-DOX/CUR NPs had a uniformly spherical shape with a core-shell structure. The mean particle size and zeta potential of the U11-DOX/CUR NPs was 121.3 nm and -33.5 mV, with a DOX and CUR EE of 81.7 and 90.5%, respectively. The DOX release from U11-DOX/CUR NPs was 83.5, 55.2, and 32.8% correspondence to the pH of 5.0, 6.0 and 7.4. Cellular uptake efficiency of U11-DOX/CUR NPs was significantly higher than non U11 peptide decorated DOX/CUR NPs. U11-DOX/CUR NPs displayed a pronounced synergy effects in vitro and an obvious tumor tissue accumulation efficiency in vivo. In vivo antitumor experiment showed that U11-DOX/CUR NPs could inhibit the tumor growth to a level of 85%.In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that U11-DOX/CUR NPs is a sustained released, pH responsive, synergistic antitumor system. This study suggests that the U11-DOX/CUR NPs have promising potential for combination treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Che
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Beina Hui
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Qiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Guindani C, Dozoretz P, Araújo PH, Ferreira SR, de Oliveira D. N-acetylcysteine side-chain functionalization of poly(globalide-co-ε-caprolactone) through thiol-ene reaction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:477-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Varshosaz J, Taymouri S, Jafari E, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Taheri A. Formulation and characterization of cellulose acetate butyrate nanoparticles loaded with nevirapine for HIV treatment. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yavuz B, Morgan JL, Showalter L, Horng KR, Dandekar S, Herrera C, LiWang P, Kaplan DL. Pharmaceutical Approaches to HIV Treatment and Prevention. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018; 1:1800054. [PMID: 32775613 PMCID: PMC7413291 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to pose a major infectious disease threat worldwide. It is characterized by the depletion of CD4+ T cells, persistent immune activation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Advances in the development of antiretroviral drugs and combination antiretroviral therapy have resulted in a remarkable reduction in HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to effective suppression of HIV replication with partial recovery of host immune system and has successfully transformed HIV infection from a fatal disease to a chronic condition. Additionally, antiretroviral drugs have shown promise for prevention in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention. However, ART is unable to cure HIV. Other limitations include drug-drug interactions, drug resistance, cytotoxic side effects, cost, and adherence. Alternative treatment options are being investigated to overcome these challenges including discovery of new molecules with increased anti-viral activity and development of easily administrable drug formulations. In light of the difficulties associated with current HIV treatment measures, and in the continuing absence of a cure, the prevention of new infections has also arisen as a prominent goal among efforts to curtail the worldwide HIV pandemic. In this review, the authors summarize currently available anti-HIV drugs and their combinations for treatment, new molecules under clinical development and prevention methods, and discuss drug delivery formats as well as associated challenges and alternative approaches for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Yavuz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jessica L Morgan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology University of California-Merced5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Laura Showalter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology University of California-Merced5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Katti R Horng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of California-Davis 5605 GBSF, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of California-Davis 5605 GBSF, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Medicine St. Mary's Campus Imperial College Room 460 Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Patricia LiWang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology University of California-Merced5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Cao S, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Kondza N, Woodrow KA. Core-shell nanoparticles for targeted and combination antiretroviral activity in gut-homing T cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2143-2153. [PMID: 29964219 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A major sanctuary site for HIV infection is the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The α4β7 integrin gut homing receptor is a promising therapeutic target for the virus reservoir because it leads to migration of infected cells to the GALT and facilitates HIV infection. Here, we developed a core-shell nanoparticle incorporating the α4β7 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as a dual-functional ligand for selectively targeting a protease inhibitor (PI) to gut-homing T cells in the GALT while simultaneously blocking HIV infection. Our nanoparticles significantly reduced cytotoxicity of the PI and enhanced its in vitro antiviral activity in combination with α4β7 mAb. We demonstrate targeting function of our nanocarriers in a human T cell line and primary cells isolated from macaque ileum, and observed higher in vivo biodistribution to the murine small intestines where they accumulate in α4β7+ cells. Our LCNP shows the potential to co-deliver ARVs and mAbs for eradicating HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Cao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Yonghou Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Hangyu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology 116023, Dalian, China; Research Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine, Dalian University of Technology 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Nina Kondza
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Heon Lee I, Palombo MS, Zhang X, Szekely Z, Sinko PJ. Design and evaluation of a CXCR4 targeting peptide 4DV3 as an HIV entry inhibitor and a ligand for targeted drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 138:11-22. [PMID: 29894816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of utilizing the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR4 for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry inhibition and as an intracellular portal for targeted drug delivery was evaluated. Novel DV3 ligands (1DV3, 2DV3, and 4DV3) were designed, synthesized and conjugated to various probes (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or biotin) and cargos with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm (polyethylene glycol (PEG), streptavidin, and a polymeric nanoparticle). 4DV3 conjugated probes inhibited HIV-1 entry into the CXCR4-expressing reporter cell line TZM-bl (IC50 at 553 nM) whereas 1DV3 and 2DV3 did not. 4DV3 also inhibited binding of anti-CXCR4 antibody 44,708 to TZM-bl cells with nanomolar potency, while the small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 did not. Molecular modeling suggested simultaneous binding of a single 4DV3 molecule to four CXCR4 molecules. Differences in CXCR4-binding sites could explain the discrete inhibitory effects observed for 4DV3, the 44,708 antibody and AMD3100. In the Sup-T1 cell chemotaxis assay, the 4DV3 ligand functioned as a CXCR4 allosteric enhancer. In addition, 4DV3 ligand-conjugated cargos with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm were taken up into CXCR4-expressing Sup-T1 and TZM-bl cells, demonstrating that CXCR4 could serve as a drug delivery portal for nanocarriers. The uptake of 4DV3 functionalized nanocarriers combined with the allosteric interaction with CXCR4 suggests enhanced endocytosis occurs when 4DV3 is the targeting ligand. The current results indicate that 4DV3 might serve as a prototype for a new type of dual function ligand, one that acts as a HIV-1 entry inhibitor and a CXCR4 drug delivery targeting ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Heon Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Matthew S Palombo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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25
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Li Q, Pan Y, Chen T, Du Y, Ge H, Zhang B, Xie J, Yu H, Zhu M. Design and mechanistic study of a novel gold nanocluster-based drug delivery system. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10166-10172. [PMID: 29786738 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemically-triggered drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been extensively studied as they do not require specialized equipment to deliver the drug and can deeply penetrate human tissue. However, their syntheses are complicated and they tend to be cytotoxic, which restricts their clinical utility. In this work, the self-regulated drug loading and release capabilities of peptide-protected gold nanoclusters (Pep-Au NCs) are investigated using vancomycin (Van) as the model drug. Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) coated with a custom-designed pentapeptide are synthesized as drug delivery nanocarriers and loaded with Van - a spontaneous process reliant on the specific binding between Van and the custom-designed peptide. The Van-loaded Au NCs show comparable antimicrobial activity with Van on its own, and the number of Van released by the Pep-Au NCs is found to be proportional to the amount of bacteria present. The controlled nature of the Van release is very encouraging, and predominantly due to the stronger binding affinity of Van with bacteria than that with Au NCs. In addition, these fluorescent Au NCs could also be used to construct temperature sensors, which enable the in vitro and in vivo bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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Sagar V, Nair M. Near-infrared biophotonics-based nanodrug release systems and their potential application for neuro-disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:137-152. [PMID: 28276967 PMCID: PMC5738278 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1297794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Near-infrared ray (NIR)-responsive 'smart' nanoagents allow spatial and temporal control over the drug delivery process, noninvasively, without affecting healthy tissues and therefore they possess high potential for on-demand, targeted drug/gene delivery. Various NIR-responsive drug/gene delivery techniques are under investigation for peripheral disorders (especially for cancer). Nonetheless, their potential not been extensively examined for brain biomedical application. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on NIR-responsive characteristics of different NIR-nanobiophotonics-based nanoagents and associated drug delivery strategies. Together with their ongoing applications for peripheral drug delivery, we have highlighted the opportunities, challenges and possible solutions of NIR-nanobiophotonics for potential brain drug delivery. EXPERT OPINION NIR-nanobiophotonics can be considered superior among all photo-controlled drug/gene delivery approaches. Future work should focus on coupling NIR with biocompatible nanocarriers to determine the physiological compatibility of this approach. Their applications should be extended beyond the peripheral body region to brain region. Transient or intermittent NIR exposure strategies may be more accommodating for brain physiological ambience in order to minimize or avoid the possible deleterious thermal effect. In addition, while most studies are centered around the first NIR spectral window (700-1000 nm), the potential of second (1100-1350 nm) and third (1600-1870 nm) windows must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sagar
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine/Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida - 33199
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Center for Personalized Nanomedicine/Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Department of Immunology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida - 33199
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus that enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of infection. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in remarkable decline in the morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients, controlling HIV infections still remains a global health priority. HIV access to the CNS serves as the natural viral preserve because most antiretroviral (ARV) drugs possess inadequate or zero delivery across the brain barriers. The structure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the presence of efflux pumps, and the expression of metabolic enzymes pose hurdles for ARV drug-brain entry. Thus, development of target-specific, effective, safe, and controllable drug delivery approach is an important health priority for global elimination of AIDS progression. Nanoformulations can circumvent the BBB to improve CNS-directed drug delivery by affecting such pumps and enzymes. Alternatively, they can be optimized to affect their size, shape, and protein and lipid coatings to facilitate drug uptake, release, and ingress across the barrier. Improved drug delivery to the CNS would affect pharmacokinetic and drug biodistribution properties. This review focuses on how nanotechnology can serve to improve the delivery of antiretroviral medicines, termed NanoART, across the BBB and affect the biodistribution and clinical benefit for NeuroAIDS.
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Malik T, Chauhan G, Rath G, Kesarkar RN, Chowdhary AS, Goyal AK. Efaverinz and nano-gold-loaded mannosylated niosomes: a host cell-targeted topical HIV-1 prophylaxis via thermogel system. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:79-90. [PMID: 29231058 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1414054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dissemination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) is the prime mode of its spread. Topical microbicidal approach has gained much attention, but no real success is observed till date, either due to toxicity or resistance of active moieties and the lack of efficient drug delivery approaches. In this research protocol, a unique combination approach of a standard drug moiety, that is, Efaverinz (EFV) and a nanometal, that is, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was tried. Both these candidates were delivered through a mannosylated niosomal system, to exploit protein (lectins present on HIV host cells) - carbohydrate (oligosaccharides such as mannan present on HIV gp-120 receptor) interaction. GNPs (10.4 nm average size) were entrapped inside the aqueous core, whereas lipophilic EFV was loaded in the bilayer membrane. Results demonstrated a significant increase in antiviral activity when EFV was fired with GNPs. Delivery of this combination via mannosylated niosomes proved to be a perfect approach with exceedingly well potential compared to non liganded niosomal system. A thermosensitive gel vehicle was prepared and the loaded niosomes were dispersed in it to have a nanogel system. The optimized formulation was evaluated for its prophylactic activity and the results showed completely inhibited viral dissemination at folds dilution levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Malik
- a Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , DBT Lab , Moga , India
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- a Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , DBT Lab , Moga , India.,b Centre for Nanosciences, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , India
| | - Goutam Rath
- a Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , DBT Lab , Moga , India
| | - Rohan N Kesarkar
- c Department of Virology , Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing , Mumbai , India
| | - Abhay S Chowdhary
- d Head, Department of Microbiology , Grant Medical College, Sir JJ hospital , Mumbai , India
| | - Amit K Goyal
- a Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy , DBT Lab , Moga , India.,e Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga , India
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Targeted microbicides for preventing sexual HIV transmission. J Control Release 2017; 266:119-128. [PMID: 28951320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual transmission remains one of the most significant hurdles in the fight against HIV infection. The use of vaginal or rectal microbicides has been proposed for topical pre-exposure prophylaxis but available results from clinical trials of candidate products have been, at best, less than optimal. While waiting for the first product to get regulatory approval, novel approaches are being explored in order to enhance efficacy, as well as to assure safety. Strategies involving specific delivery of antiviral agents to key players involved in the early steps of sexual transmission have the potential to help achieving such purposes. Engineering systems that allow targeting cells, tissues or other biological structures of interest may provide a way to modulate local pharmacokinetics of promising microbicide molecules and, thus, maximize protection. This concise review discusses the identification and use of potential targets for such purpose, while detailing on several examples of targeted systems engineered as potential microbicide candidates. Furthermore, remaining challenges and hints for future work in the field of targeted microbicides are addressed.
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Simulation of the osmosis-based drug encapsulation in erythrocytes. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017; 47:261-270. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu D, Ensinas A, Verrier B, Cuvillier A, Champier G, Paul S, Delair T. Ternary polysaccharide complexes: Colloidal drug delivery systems stabilized in physiological media. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:265-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lembo D, Donalisio M, Civra A, Argenziano M, Cavalli R. Nanomedicine formulations for the delivery of antiviral drugs: a promising solution for the treatment of viral infections. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2017; 15:93-114. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1360863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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Ahammed V, Narayan R, Paul J, Nayak Y, Roy B, Shavi GV, Nayak UY. Development and in vivo evaluation of functionalized ritonavir proliposomes for lymphatic targeting. Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Interaction between C18 fatty acids and DOPE PEG2000 in Langmuir monolayers: effect of degree of unsaturation. J Biol Phys 2017; 43:397-414. [PMID: 28752254 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-017-9459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we address the effect of the cis-double bond in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamide-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000, DOPE PEG2000 (DP), on the Langmuir monolayer of C18 fatty acids-namely, stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (L1), linoleic acid (L2), and linolenic acid (L3)-with the same head group but different degrees of saturation on their hydrocarbon chains. Negative values of Gibbs free energy of mixing (ΔG mix) were obtained throughout the investigated ranges of the unsaturated C18 fatty-acid (L1, L2 and L3) mixed systems, indicating that very strong attractions occurred between molecules in the monolayers. The bend and kink effects from the cis-double bond(s) in the hydrocarbon chain affected the membrane fluidity and molecular packing in the monolayers, which resulted in a greater interaction between unsaturated C18 fatty acids and DP. The most thermodynamically stable mole composition of unsaturated C18 fatty acids to DP was observed at 50:1; this ratio is suggested to be the best mole ratio and will be subsequently used to prepare DP-C18 fatty-acid nanoliposomes. The presence of cis-double bonds in both hydrocarbon chains of DOPE in DP also created an imperfection in the membrane structure of lipid-drug delivery systems, which is expected to enhance lipid-based systems for antibody conjugation and drug encapsulation.
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Zaidi S, Misba L, Khan AU. Nano-therapeutics: A revolution in infection control in post antibiotic era. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:2281-2301. [PMID: 28673854 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the arrival of antibiotics 70 years ago, meant a paradigm shift in overcoming infectious diseases. For decades, drugs have been used to treat different infections. However, with time bacteria have become resistant to multiple antibiotics, making some diseases difficult to fight. Nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterial agents appear to have potential to overcome such problems and to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. Therefore, there is significant interest in the use of NPs to treat variety of infections, particularly caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This review begins with illustration of types of NPs followed by the literature of current research addressing mechanisms of NPs antibacterial activity, steps involved in NP mediated drug delivery as well as areas where NPs use has potential to improve the treatment, like NP enabled vaccination. Besides, recently emerged innovative NP platforms have been highlighted and their progress made in each area has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Zaidi
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Lama Misba
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab., Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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Islan GA, Durán M, Cacicedo ML, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT, Martinez DST, Castro GR, Durán N. Nanopharmaceuticals as a solution to neglected diseases: Is it possible? Acta Trop 2017; 170:16-42. [PMID: 28232069 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The study of neglected diseases has not received much attention, especially from public and private institutions over the last years, in terms of strong support for developing treatment for these diseases. Support in the form of substantial amounts of private and public investment is greatly needed in this area. Due to the lack of novel drugs for these diseases, nanobiotechnology has appeared as an important new breakthrough for the treatment of neglected diseases. Recently, very few reviews focusing on filiarasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, and tuberculosis, and dengue virus have been published. New developments in nanocarriers have made promising advances in the treatment of several kinds of diseases with less toxicity, high efficacy and improved bioavailability of drugs with extended release and fewer applications. This review deals with the current status of nanobiotechnology in the treatment of neglected diseases and highlights how it provides key tools for exploring new perspectives in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Islan
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Depto. de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET (CCT La Plata), 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela Durán
- Urogenital Carcinogenesis: Urogenitaland Immunotherapy Laboratory, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil,; NanoBioss, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano L Cacicedo
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Depto. de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET (CCT La Plata), 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Sciences Center, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Diego S T Martinez
- NanoBioss, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano-CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, CINDEFI, Depto. de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata - CONICET (CCT La Plata), 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Nelson Durán
- NanoBioss, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano-CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Biological Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP. Brazil.
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Wang H, Chen L, Sun X, Fu A. Intracellular localisation of proteins to specific cellular areas by nanocapsule mediated delivery. J Drug Target 2017; 25:724-733. [PMID: 28447892 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1323908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocapsules are promising carriers with great potential for intracellular protein transport. Although many studies have intended to improve cell uptake efficacy, there is an increasing interest in understanding of subcellular distribution of cargoes inside cells, which is essential for purposeful delivery of biomolecules into specific sites within cells. Herein, we interrogate the intracellular localisation of exogenous proteins, including fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and green fluorescent protein (GFP), mediated by specially designed nanocapsules. The results show that the designed nanocapsules can deliver the two types of fluorescent proteins into different cellular destinations (cytosol, nucleus or the whole cell), depending on the composition of nanocapsules. Meanwhile, several impact factors that influence the distribution of proteins in cells have also been investigated, and the results suggest that the localisation of capsule-mediated proteins in cells is strongly affected by the surface properties of nanocapsules, the types of stabilisers and proteins, and environmental temperatures. The rational control of intracellular localised delivery of exogenous proteins as we demonstrated in this study might open new avenues to obtain desired magnitude of drug effects for modulating cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology , Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing , China
| | - Ligang Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,b Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology , Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing , China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Ailing Fu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
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Ghadi R, Dand N. BCS class IV drugs: Highly notorious candidates for formulation development. J Control Release 2017; 248:71-95. [PMID: 28088572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BCS class IV drugs (e.g., amphotericin B, furosemide, acetazolamide, ritonavir, paclitaxel) exhibit many characteristics that are problematic for effective oral and per oral delivery. Some of the problems associated include low aqueous solubility, poor permeability, erratic and poor absorption, inter and intra subject variability and significant positive food effect which leads to low and variable bioavailability. Also, most of the class IV drugs are substrate for P-glycoprotein (low permeability) and substrate for CYP3A4 (extensive pre systemic metabolism) which further potentiates the problem of poor therapeutic potential of these drugs. A decade back, extreme examples of class IV compounds were an exception rather than the rule, yet today many drug candidates under development pipeline fall into this category. Formulation and development of an efficacious delivery system for BCS class IV drugs are herculean tasks for any formulator. The inherent hurdles posed by these drugs hamper their translation to actual market. The importance of the formulation composition and design to successful drug development is especially illustrated by the BCS class IV case. To be clinically effective these drugs require the development of a proper delivery system for both oral and per oral delivery. Ideal oral dosage forms should produce both a reasonably high bioavailability and low inter and intra subject variability in absorption. Also, ideal systems for BCS class IV should produce a therapeutic concentration of the drug at reasonable dose volumes for intravenous administration. This article highlights the various techniques and upcoming strategies which can be employed for the development of highly notorious BCS class IV drugs. Some of the techniques employed are lipid based delivery systems, polymer based nanocarriers, crystal engineering (nanocrystals and co-crystals), liquisolid technology, self-emulsifying solid dispersions and miscellaneous techniques addressing the P-gp efflux problem. The review also focuses on the roadblocks in the clinical development of the aforementioned strategies such as problems in scale up, manufacturing under cGMP guidelines, appropriate quality control tests, validation of various processes and variable therein etc. It also brings to forefront the current lack of regulatory guidelines which poses difficulties during preclinical and clinical testing for submission of NDA and subsequent marketing. Today, the pharmaceutical industry has as its disposal a series of reliable and scalable formulation strategies for BCS Class IV drugs. However, due to lack of understanding of the basic physical chemistry behind these strategies formulation development is still driven by trial and error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Ghadi
- IPDO, Innovation Plaza, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bachupally, Hyderabad, 500090, India.
| | - Neha Dand
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, 400064, India
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Saleem A, Akhtar MF, Mushtaq MF, Saleem M, Muhammad ST, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Peerzada S. Current trends in the treatment of hepatitis C: interventions to avoid adverse effects and increase effectiveness of anti-HCV drugs. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:578-588. [PMID: 28096788 PMCID: PMC5225681 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis, an inflammatory liver disease, is caused by various genotypes of hepatitis C viruses (HCV). Hepatitis C slowly sprouts into fibrosis, which progresses to cirrhosis. Over a prolonged period of time compensated cirrhosis can advance to decompensated cirrhosis culminating in hepatic failure and death. Conventional treatment of HCV involves the administration of interferons. However, association of interferon with the adverse drug reactions led to the development of novel anti-HCV drugs given as monotherapy or in combination with the other drugs. Advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) improved the pharmacokinetic profile and stability of drugs, ameliorated tissue damages on extravasation and increased the targeting of affected sites. Liposomes and lipid based vehicles have been employed with polyethylene glycol (PEG) so as to stabilize the formulations as PEG drug complex. Sofosbuvir, a novel anti-HCV drug, is administered as monotherapy or in combination with daclatasvir, ledipasivir, protease inhibitors, ribavirin and interferon for the treatment of HCV genotypes 1, 2 and 3. These drug combinations are highly effective in eradicating the interferon resistance, recurrent HCV infection in liver transplant, concurrent HIV infection and preventing interferon related adverse effects. Further investigations to improve drug targeting and identification of new drug targets are highly warranted due to the rapid emergence of drug resistance in HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Peerzada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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40
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Nanoformulation strategies for the enhanced oral bioavailability of antiretroviral therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2016; 6:469-90. [PMID: 25996045 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral delivery of drugs with poor aqueous solubility is challenging and often results in poor bioavailability. Various nanoformulation platforms have demonstrated improved oral bioavailability of a range of drugs for different indications. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the application of nanomedicine to oral antiretroviral therapy and outline how the current short-falls of this life-long therapy may be resolved using nanotechnology. As well as highlighting the rationale for a nanomedicine-based approach, the review focuses on the various strategies used to enhance oral bioavailability and describes the mechanisms of particle absorption across the GI tract. The recent advances in the development of long-acting formulations for both HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis are also discussed.
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41
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Current applications of nanoparticles in infectious diseases. J Control Release 2016; 224:86-102. [PMID: 26772877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades infections have been treated easily with drugs. However, in the 21st century, they may become lethal again owing to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Pathogens can become resistant by means of different mechanisms, such as increasing the time they spend in the intracellular environment, where drugs are unable to reach therapeutic levels. Moreover, drugs are also subject to certain problems that decrease their efficacy. This requires the use of high doses, and frequent administrations must be implemented, causing adverse side effects or toxicity. The use of nanoparticle systems can help to overcome such problems and increase drug efficacy. Accordingly, there is considerable current interest in their use as antimicrobial agents against different pathogens like bacteria, virus, fungi or parasites, multidrug-resistant strains and biofilms; as targeting vectors towards specific tissues; as vaccines and as theranostic systems. This review begins with an overview of the different types and characteristics of nanoparticles used to deliver drugs to the target, followed by a review of current research and clinical trials addressing the use of nanoparticles within the field of infectious diseases.
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42
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Wu D, Ensinas A, Verrier B, Primard C, Cuvillier A, Champier G, Paul S, Delair T. Zinc-stabilized colloidal polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan/hyaluronan: a tool for the inhibition of HIV-1 infection. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5455-5463. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc(ii) stabilized polyelectrolyte nano-complexes (PECs) of chitosan and hyaluronan (HYA) were designed as safe and efficient drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjun Wu
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- UMR CNRS 5223
- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
| | - Agathe Ensinas
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR 5305
- CNRS/Université de Lyon
- France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR 5305
- CNRS/Université de Lyon
- France
| | | | | | | | - Stephane Paul
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Vaccinologie 1408
- Université de Lyon
- 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2
- France
| | - Thierry Delair
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- UMR CNRS 5223
- 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
- France
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43
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Hu M, Patel SK, Zhou T, Rohan LC. Drug transporters in tissues and cells relevant to sexual transmission of HIV: Implications for drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 219:681-696. [PMID: 26278511 PMCID: PMC4656065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Efflux and uptake transporters of drugs are key regulators of the pharmacokinetics of many antiretroviral drugs. A growing body of literature has revealed the expression and functionality of multiple transporters in female genital tract (FGT), colorectal tissue, and immune cells. Drug transporters could play a significant role in the efficacy of preventative strategies for HIV-1 acquisition. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy, which utilizes topically (vaginally or rectally), orally or other systemically administered antiretroviral drugs to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV to receptive partners. The drug concentration in the receptive mucosal tissues and target immune cells for HIV is critical for PrEP effectiveness. Hence, there is an emerging interest in utilizing transporter information to explain tissue disposition patterns of PrEP drugs, to interpret inter-individual variability in PrEP drug pharmacokinetics and effectiveness, and to improve tissue drug exposure through modulation of the cervicovaginal, colorectal, or immune cell transporters. In this review, the existing literature on transporter expression, functionality and regulation in the transmission-related tissues and cells is summarized. In addition, the relevance of transporter function for drug delivery and strategies that could exploit transporters for increased drug concentration at target locales is discussed. The overall goal is to facilitate an understanding of drug transporters for PrEP optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minlu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sravan Kumar Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tian Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa C Rohan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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44
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Nelson AG, Zhang X, Ganapathi U, Szekely Z, Flexner CW, Owen A, Sinko PJ. Drug delivery strategies and systems for HIV/AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment. J Control Release 2015; 219:669-680. [PMID: 26315816 PMCID: PMC4879940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The year 2016 will mark an important milestone - the 35th anniversary of the first reported cases of HIV/AIDS. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) including Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) drug regimens is widely considered to be one of the greatest achievements in therapeutic drug research having transformed HIV infection into a chronically managed disease. Unfortunately, the lack of widespread preventive measures and the inability to eradicate HIV from infected cells highlight the significant challenges remaining today. Moving forward there are at least three high priority goals for anti-HIV drug delivery (DD) research: (1) to prevent new HIV infections from occurring, (2) to facilitate a functional cure, i.e., when HIV is present but the body controls it without drugs and (3) to eradicate established infection. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) represents a significant step forward in preventing the establishment of chronic HIV infection. However, the ultimate success of PrEP will depend on achieving sustained antiretroviral (ARV) tissue concentrations and will require strict patient adherence to the regimen. While first generation long acting/extended release (LA/ER) DD Systems (DDS) currently in development show considerable promise, significant DD treatment and prevention challenges persist. First, there is a critical need to improve cell specificity through targeting in order to selectively achieve efficacious drug concentrations in HIV reservoir sites to control/eradicate HIV as well as mitigate systemic side effects. In addition, approaches for reducing cellular efflux and metabolism of ARV drugs to prolong effective concentrations in target cells need to be developed. Finally, given the current understanding of HIV pathogenesis, next generation anti-HIV DDS need to address selective DD to the gut mucosa and lymph nodes. The current review focuses on the DDS technologies, critical challenges, opportunities, strategies, and approaches by which novel delivery systems will help iterate towards prevention, functional cure and eventually the eradication of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette G Nelson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Usha Ganapathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Zoltan Szekely
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Charles W Flexner
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Patrick J Sinko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Frasconi M, Marotta R, Markey L, Flavin K, Spampinato V, Ceccone G, Echegoyen L, Scanlan EM, Giordani S. Multi-Functionalized Carbon Nano-onions as Imaging Probes for Cancer Cells. Chemistry 2015; 21:19071-80. [PMID: 26577582 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted much interest during the last decade for biomedical applications. Multimodal imaging probes based on carbon nano-onions (CNOs) have emerged as a platform for bioimaging because of their cell-penetration properties and minimal systemic toxicity. Here, we describe the covalent functionalization of CNOs with fluorescein and folic acid moieties for both imaging and targeting cancer cells. The modified CNOs display high brightness and photostability in aqueous solutions and their selective and rapid uptake in two different cancer cell lines without significant cytotoxicity was demonstrated. The localization of the functionalized CNOs in late-endosomes cell compartments was revealed by a correlative approach with confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Understanding the biological response of functionalized CNOs with the capability to target cancer cells and localize the nanoparticles in the cellular environment, will pave the way for the development of a new generation of imaging probes for future biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Frasconi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Nano Carbon Materials Laboratory, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova (Italy)
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova (Italy)
| | - Lyn Markey
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, School of Chemistry, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - Kevin Flavin
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, School of Chemistry, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - Valentina Spampinato
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Varese (Italy)
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Varese (Italy)
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), Department of Chemistry, El Paso, Texas 79968 (USA)
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, School of Chemistry, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2 (Ireland)
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Nano Carbon Materials Laboratory, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova (Italy).
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Wilson B, Paladugu L, Priyadarshini SRB, Jenita JJL. Development of albumin-based nanoparticles for the delivery of abacavir. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:763-7. [PMID: 26365020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to prepare and evaluate albumin nanoparticles containing antiviral drug abacavir sulphate. Various batches of albumin nanoparticles containing abacavir sulphate were prepared by desolvation method. The abacavir loaded particles were characterized for their yield, percentage of drug loading, surface morphology, particle size, surface charge, pattern of in vitro drug release and release mechanism studies. Drug loading ranged from 1.2 to 5.9%w/w. The mean particle size and the surface charge were 418.2nm and -40.8mV respectively. The in vitro drug release varied between 38.73 and 51.36%w/w for 24h. The n value for Korsmeyer-Peppas was 0.425 indicating Fickian type drug release. The preliminary findings indicated that albumin nanoparticles of abacavir can be prepared by desolvation method with good yield, high drug loading and sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India.
| | - Latishkumar Paladugu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - S R Brahmani Priyadarshini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - J Josephine Leno Jenita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dayananda Sagar College of Pharmacy, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
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Midde NM, Kumar S. Development of NanoART for HIV Treatment: Minding the Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Enzymes. JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED NANOMEDICINE 2015; 1:24-32. [PMID: 26635972 PMCID: PMC4666551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sustained suppression of HIV viral load is the primary objective for HIV treatment, which successfully achieved by the use of a wide array of antiretroviral therapies (ART). Despite this enormous success low level of virus persists in the anatomical and cellular reservoirs of the body causing a multitude of immunological and neurocognitive deficits. Towards this, nano-formulations are gaining attention to solve these problems by delivering ART to the targeted locations such as brain, lymphoid tissues, and monocytes/macrophages. As cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a critical role in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics, it is expected that the interaction of nanoparticles with CYP enzymes may result in adverse drug reactions, cellular toxicity, and alterations in CYP-mediated metabolism of other drug molecules. Considering these potential adverse outcomes it is imperative to design the nano-carriers that will have minimal impact on CYP enzymes. Therefore, developing a long-acting nanoART regimen with minimal side effects is an essential step to improve patient's adherence to the treatment paradigm, effective treatment strategy, and to combat the HIV infection & AIDS.
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Edagwa BJ, Zhou T, McMillan JM, Liu XM, Gendelman HE. Development of HIV reservoir targeted long acting nanoformulated antiretroviral therapies. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:4186-98. [PMID: 25174930 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140826114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection commonly results in a myriad of comorbid conditions secondary to immune deficiency. Infection also affects broad organ system function. Although current antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces disease morbidity and mortality through effective control of peripheral viral load, restricted infection in HIV reservoirs including gut, lymphoid and central nervous system tissues, is not eliminated. What underlies these events is, in part, poor ART penetrance into each organ across tissue barriers, viral mutation and the longevity of infected cells. We posit that one means to improve these disease outcomes is through nanotechnology. To this end, this review discusses a broad range of cutting-edge nanomedicines and nanomedicine platforms that are or can be used to improve ART delivery. Discussion points include how polymer-drug conjugates, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles can be harnessed to best yield cell-based delivery systems. When completely developed, such nanomedicine platforms have the potential to clear reservoirs of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Adhikary RR, More P, Banerjee R. Smart nanoparticles as targeting platforms for HIV infections. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7520-7534. [PMID: 25874901 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
While Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections are reducing in incidence with the advent of Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART), there remain a number of challenges including the existence of reservoirs, drug resistance and anatomical barriers to antiretroviral therapy. To overcome these, smart nanoparticles with stimuli responsive release are proposed for delivery of anti-retroviral agents. The paper highlights the strategic similarities between the design of smart antiretroviral nanocarriers and those optimized for cancer chemotherapy. This includes the development of nanoparticles capable of passive and active targeting as well as those that are responsive to various internal and external triggers. For antiretroviral therapy, the relevant triggers for stimuli responsive release of drugs include semen, enzymes, endosomal escape, temperature and magnetic field. Deriving from the experience of cancer chemotherapy, additional potential triggers are light and ultrasound which remain hitherto unexplored in HIV therapy. In addition, the roles of nanomicrobicides (nanogels) and virus mimetic nanoparticles are discussed from the point of view of prevention of HIV transmission. The challenges associated with translation of smart nanoparticles for HIV infections to realize the Millennium Development Goal of combating HIV infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Rajat Adhikary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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Ardestani MS, Fordoei AS, Abdoli A, Ahangari Cohan R, Bahramali G, Sadat SM, Siadat SD, Moloudian H, Nassiri Koopaei N, Bolhasani A, Rahimi P, Hekmat S, Davari M, Aghasadeghi MR. Nanosilver based anionic linear globular dendrimer with a special significant antiretroviral activity. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:179. [PMID: 25893388 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
HIV is commonly caused to a very complicated disease which has not any recognized vaccine, so designing and development of novel antiretroviral agents with specific application of nanomedicine is a globally interested research subject worldwide. In the current study, a novel structure of silver complexes with anionic linear globular dendrimer was synthesized, characterized and then assessed against HIV replication pathway in vitro as well. The results showed a very good yield of synthesis (up to 70%) for the nano-complex as well as a very potent significant (P < 0.05) antiretroviral activity with non-severe toxic effects in comparison with the Nevirapine as standard drug in positive control group. According to the present data, silver anionic linear globular dendrimers complex may have a promising future to inhibit replication of HIV viruse in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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