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Grosse G, Streubel B. Emotion-specific vocabulary and its relation to emotion understanding in children and adolescents. Cogn Emot 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38712811 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2346745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Among children and adolescents, emotion understanding relates to academic achievement and higher well-being. This study investigates the role of general and emotion-specific language skills in children's and adolescents' emotion understanding, building on previous research highlighting the significance of domain-specific language skills in conceptual development. We employ a novel inventory (CEVVT) to assess emotion-specific vocabulary. The study involved 10-11-year-old children (N = 29) and 16-17-year-old adolescents (N = 28), examining their emotion recognition and knowledge of emotion regulation strategies. Results highlight the ongoing development of emotion-specific vocabulary across these age groups. Emotion recognition correlated with general vocabulary in the younger group. In the older age group, emotion recognition was related to emotion-specific vocabulary size, but this effect only became apparent when controlling for the depth of emotion-specific vocabulary. Against expectation, there were no significant contributions of general or emotion-specific vocabulary to knowledge of emotion regulation strategies in either age group. These findings enhance our comprehension of the nuanced interplay between language and emotion across developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlind Grosse
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, Potsdam University of Applied Sciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Berit Streubel
- Faculty of Education, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Sarman A, Tuncay S. The associations of parental attitudes and peer bullying with alexithymia in adolescents: A structural equality model. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e372-e380. [PMID: 37806855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental attitude and peer bullying and alexithymia in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with adolescents aged 13-18 years within high schools in eastern Turkey. Cluster sampling method was applied, and the study was completed within four high schools determined by random selection method. Sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire form, Peer Bullying Scale Adolescent Form, and Twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were used to collect the data. RESULTS Among the adolescents, 52% were female, 60% had a medium income level, 25.3% were in the 11th grade, 83% were living with their parents, 7.4% had chronic illnesses, 9.2% had psychiatric illnesses, 25.3% had suicidal thoughts, 10.1% engaged in suicidal behavior, and 25.3% used TV, smartphones, or tablets for 3-4 h a day. Rejecting and indifferent parental attitudes were found to be a possible risk factor for alexithymia, bullying and victimization. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the connections between parental attitudes, peer bullying, and alexithymia in adolescents. By targeting positive parental attitudes and addressing peer interactions, nurses can effectively contribute to reducing the risk of alexithymia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Through collaboration with parents, nurses can establish supportive environments that nurture emotional understanding. Remaining attentive to risk factors, such as chronic illnesses and mental health issues in adolescents, empowers nurses to offer timely support or referrals. Partnerships with educators further enhance emotional awareness and encourage positive peer relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Sarman
- Bingöl University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Bingöl, Turkey.
| | - Suat Tuncay
- Bingöl University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Bingöl, Turkey
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3
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Ghanbari S, Asgarizadeh A, Vahidi E, Seyed Mousavi PS, Omidghaemi M. Emotion dysregulation as mediator between mentalizing capacity and affective states: An exploratory study. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2023; 2:e124. [PMID: 38867841 PMCID: PMC11114384 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim We intended to elucidate the relationship between mentalizing capacity and affective states by investigating the mediatory role of emotion dysregulation. Methods A sample of nonclinical Iranian adults (N = 445) completed a battery of online self-report measures comprising the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Mentalization Scale (MentS), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results Correlational analyses demonstrated that self- and other-related mentalizing were significantly and inversely associated with emotion dysregulation, which in turn was strongly linked with positive and negative affects. Using structural equation modeling, the results delineated emotion dysregulation as a mediator between self- and other-related mentalizing and affective states, predicting higher negative and lower positive affects. However, motivation to mentalize failed to predict positive affects and only contributed to lower negative affects directly. Conclusion Mentalizing capacity was found to be indirectly linked with affective states through emotion dysregulation; hence, along with the previously substantiated association between emotion dysregulation and affective states and the partially established relationship between mentalizing capacity and affective states, we propose mentalizing incapacity to be at fault in the development of affective difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghanbari
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Ahmad Asgarizadeh
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | - Elahe Vahidi
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Maryam Omidghaemi
- Faculty of Education and PsychologyShahid Beheshti UniversityTehranIran
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4
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Clarke A, Rose TA, Meredith PJ. Language skills and interpersonal trust in adolescents with and without mental illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 25:589-607. [PMID: 35614858 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2022.2075466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim was to compare adolescents with mental illness and non-clinical adolescents on vocabulary, social problem-solving, trust in parents, attachment and mentalisation. A secondary aim was to investigate whether adolescents' language skills were associated with trust in parents. METHOD Seventy-eight adolescents (16-18 years) participated in this cross-sectional quantitative study: a clinical sample (n = 28, M = 16.7 years, 19F) recruited from a mental health service and a non-clinical sample (n = 50, M = 17.0 years, 28F). Standardised language measures and self-report measures of trust in parents; communication quality; attachment; and mentalisation were used. Primary and secondary aims were addressed through independent samples t-tests and Pearson's correlation analyses, respectively. RESULT Adolescents experiencing mental illness reported significantly poorer vocabulary, less trust in mother/father, greater attachment anxiety/avoidance, and poorer reflective functioning, than non-clinical adolescents. Expressive vocabulary of clinical (but not non-clinical) adolescents significantly negatively correlated with trust in mother (but not father). CONCLUSION Results highlight a role for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in supporting communication needs of adolescents with mental illness. SLPs should consider trust by: i) understanding adolescents with mental illness may have difficulty trusting them potentially impacting therapeutic engagement; and ii) delivering services in ways that might build trust, such as involving adolescents in treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Clarke
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Assertive Mobile Youth Outreach Service, Child and Youth Mental Health Services, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tanya A Rose
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Pamela J Meredith
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
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5
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Molinengo G, Romeo A, Trombetta T, Rollè L, Castelli L, Loera B. Shortened version of TAS using IRT: The 10-item scale for adolescents. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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6
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Cao Y, Wang H, Lv Y, Xie D. The influence of children’s emotional comprehension on peer conflict resolution strategies. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1142373. [PMID: 36998357 PMCID: PMC10043184 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1142373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer conflicts commonly happen in children’s daily interaction, and strategies they employed to deal with the conflicts have an impact on peer conflict resolution. It has been illustrated that children’s understanding of emotion plays an important role in social communication. However, there is little research focusing on the relation between emotional comprehension and peer conflict resolution strategies. In this study, 90 children of 3 to 6 finished the Test of Emotional Comprehension, and their preschool teachers were required to complete the Conflict Resolution Strategy Questionnaire, which scored each child’s conflict resolution strategies. The results showed that: (a) the preference of conflict resolution strategies differed in age, and girls tended to adopt positive strategies; (b) children’s emotional comprehension grew with age; and (c) children’s conflict resolution strategies and emotional comprehension were closely related. Children’s emotional comprehension can positively predict the overall conflict resolution strategies and negatively predicted negative strategies, whereas mental emotional comprehension can positively predict positive strategies. The factors affecting children’s emotional comprehension and conflict resolution strategies, and their relationship were discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cao
- College of Children’s Development and Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haowei Wang
- College of Children’s Development and Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Dongyang Experimental Kindergarten, Dongyang, China
| | - Yaojian Lv
- College of Children’s Development and Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjie Xie
- College of Children’s Development and Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongjie Xie,
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Rosen AFG, Auger E, Woodruff N, Proverbio AM, Song H, Ethridge LE, Bard D. The multiple indicator multiple cause model for cognitive neuroscience: An analytic tool which emphasizes the behavior in brain–behavior relationships. Front Psychol 2022; 13:943613. [PMID: 35992482 PMCID: PMC9389455 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience has inspired a number of methodological advances to extract the highest signal-to-noise ratio from neuroimaging data. Popular techniques used to summarize behavioral data include sum-scores and item response theory (IRT). While these techniques can be useful when applied appropriately, item dimensionality and the quality of information are often left unexplored allowing poor performing items to be included in an itemset. The purpose of this study is to highlight how the application of two-stage approaches introduces parameter bias, differential item functioning (DIF) can manifest in cognitive neuroscience data and how techniques such as the multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) model can identify and remove items with DIF and model these data with greater sensitivity for brain–behavior relationships. This was performed using a simulation and an empirical study. The simulation explores parameter bias across two separate techniques used to summarize behavioral data: sum-scores and IRT and formative relationships with those estimated from a MIMIC model. In an empirical study participants performed an emotional identification task while concurrent electroencephalogram data were acquired across 384 trials. Participants were asked to identify the emotion presented by a static face of a child across four categories: happy, neutral, discomfort, and distress. The primary outcomes of interest were P200 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and latency within each emotion category. Instances of DIF related to correct emotion identification were explored with respect to an individual’s neurophysiology; specifically an item’s difficulty and discrimination were explored with respect to an individual’s average P200 amplitude and latency using a MIMIC model. The MIMIC model’s sensitivity was then compared to popular two-stage approaches for cognitive performance summary scores, including sum-scores and an IRT model framework and then regressing these onto the ERP characteristics. Here sensitivity refers to the magnitude and significance of coefficients relating the brain to these behavioral outcomes. The first set of analyses displayed instances of DIF within all four emotions which were then removed from all further models. The next set of analyses compared the two-stage approaches with the MIMIC model. Only the MIMIC model identified any significant brain–behavior relationships. Taken together, these results indicate that item performance can be gleaned from subject-specific biomarkers, and that techniques such as the MIMIC model may be useful tools to derive complex item-level brain–behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adon F. G. Rosen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Adon F. G. Rosen,
| | - Emma Auger
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Nicholas Woodruff
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | | | - Hairong Song
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Lauren E. Ethridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - David Bard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Supporting Youth and Families in Gaza: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Based Intervention Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148337. [PMID: 35886189 PMCID: PMC9318896 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: A total of 450 million children are now living in active conflict zones. The negative consequences for children are significant and long lasting. In response to the urgent need for sustainable interventions for children and families, the current study evaluated a brief (12 hr, 8 session) family-based coping and support program, Promoting Positive Family Futures (PPFF), in Gaza. Methods: Families (n = 68, mother/father/adolescent triads) were randomized into the PPFF intervention or another lengthier (50 hr, 25 session) locally well-established psychosocial support program (treatment as usual; TAU). Results: Improvements were found for both conditions for paternal and maternal depression, emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal, family-wide emotional security, and adolescent adjustment. Effect sizes were medium to large (d = 0.35–1.27). Fathers in the PPFF condition reported lower depression and higher emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal at post-test than did fathers in the TAU condition. Mothers in the PPFF condition reported higher levels of emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal at post-test than did mothers in the TAU condition. PPFF was also indirectly associated with improved depression at post-test for both mothers and fathers via improvements in emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal and with adolescent adjustment at six months via improvements in maternal emotion regulation using cognitive reappraisal. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the PPFF intervention has many benefits comparable with a longer and locally well-established program. PPFF was also associated with unique positive implications for family-wide adjustment over time. Support was also identified for transdiagnostic processes of improvement associated with the PPPF intervention consistent with the theoretical models informing the approach.
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9
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Kouvava S, Antonopoulou K, Kokkinos CM, Ralli AM, Maridaki-Kassotaki K. Friendship quality, emotion understanding, and emotion regulation of children with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or specific learning disorder. EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DIFFICULTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13632752.2021.2001923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kouvava
- Department of Economics and Sustainable Development, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Antonopoulou
- Department of Economics and Sustainable Development, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Asimina M. Ralli
- Department of Psychology, National Kapodestrian University, Athens, Greece
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10
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Somaa F, Asghar A, Hamid PF. Academic Performance and Emotional Intelligence with Age and Gender as Moderators: A Meta-analysis. Dev Neuropsychol 2021; 46:537-554. [PMID: 34755586 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2021.1999455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence has been considered an important construct by schools and universities because of its theoretical importance and practical implications. Considerable resources and time have been spent by the educational institutions to develop the emotional skills of their students. The present meta-analysis aimed at studying the relationship of emotional intelligence, including its three theoretical models, with academic performance while accounting for age and gender as moderators. "Robumeta" package was used for the meta-analysis of multilevel random effects with robust variance estimation (RVE) in R version 4.0.3. Effect sizes were calculated and meta-regression analysis with RVE was used to assess the relationship with the moderator variables. A positive and significant overall relationship was found between emotional intelligence and academic performance (ρ = 0.19). The moderating effect of emotional intelligence with gender streams on emotional intelligence and academic performance's relationship was examined through meta-regression with robust variance estimation and sub-group analyses. Whereas the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic performance was not found to be moderated by age, it was found to be partially mediated by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Somaa
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical & Allied Health Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Potard C, Combes C, Kubiszewski V, Pochon R, Henry A, Roy A. Adolescent School Bullying and Life Skills: A Systematic Review of the Recent Literature. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2021; 36:604-637. [PMID: 34725265 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-19-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The health consequences of being involved in bullying and cyberbullying are well described for adolescents, but many questions related to the role played by their life skills remain unanswered. Accordingly, this systematic review aims to provide a clear overview of research on the relationships between bullying involvement as a bully, victim, bully-victim or bystander, and adolescents' life skills. This article systematically reviewed 71 relevant empirical studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted from the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Sage, Wiley, and SpringerLink databases. Their main findings were categorized according to the three types of life skills described by the World Health Organization: decision-making/problem-solving skills, interpersonal and communication skills, and self-management skills. Results showed relatively consensual outcomes for communication and interpersonal skills (empathy, moral disengagement) and skills for managing stress (coping strategies). Other decision-making or interpersonal skills, such as executive function or theory of mind, were poorly explored, and require further research, if we are to understand how life skills may be involved in bullying. Taken together, our findings highlight methodological heterogeneity and measurement problems in bullying studies that make their results difficult to interpret. Recommendations for prevention/education health researchers and professionals are provided, emphasizing the importance of considering the sociocognitive development of adolescents in bullying prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Potard
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- University of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France
| | - Céline Combes
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Régis Pochon
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- University of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Henry
- Department of Psychology, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arnaud Roy
- Department of Psychology, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Department of Pediatry, University Hospital of Nantes, France
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Moltrecht B, Patalay P, Deighton J, Edbrooke-Childs J. A School-Based Mobile App Intervention for Enhancing Emotion Regulation in Children: Exploratory Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e21837. [PMID: 34259642 PMCID: PMC8319776 DOI: 10.2196/21837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most mental health disorders are first experienced in childhood. The rising rates of mental health difficulties in children highlight the need for innovative approaches to supporting children and preventing these difficulties. School-based digital interventions that address shared risk factors and symptoms, such as emotion dysregulation, present exciting opportunities to enhance mental health support for children on a larger scale. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the use of a new app-based intervention designed to support children's emotion regulation in schools. The aim is to optimize the usability, acceptability, and utility of the app and explore its scope for implementation with the target user in the school context. METHODS As part of an interdisciplinary development framework, the app is being evaluated in a 3-month trial across 4 primary schools. In total, 144 children (aged 10-12 years) took part and accessed the intervention app in the classroom or at home. Outcomes regarding usability, acceptability, and implementation opportunities were assessed through digital user data, self-report questionnaires (132/144, 91.6%), and semistructured interviews with children (19/144, 13.2%) and teachers (6/8, 75%). RESULTS The app usage data showed that 30% (128/426) of the users were returning users. Self-report data indicated that 40.1% (53/132) of the children had not used the app, whereas 57.5% (76/132) had used it once or more. Of the children who had used the app, 67% (51/76) reported that the app was helpful. Interviews with children and teachers suggested positive experiences with the app and that it helped them to calm down and relax. Children reported that they perceived the app as acceptable, usable, and helpful. In terms of the intervention's usability, most features functioned well; however, certain technical issues were reported, which may have led to reduced engagement levels. Teachers not only reported overall positive experiences but also discussed access difficulties and reported a lack of content as one of the main barriers to implementing the app. Having a web-based app significantly enhanced accessibility across devices and settings and provided teachers with more opportunities to use it. We identified the need for new, activating app features in addition to the existing, primarily relaxing ones. The findings indicated that it is possible to use and evaluate an app intervention in the school context and that the app could help enhance children's emotion regulation. We discuss areas for improvement regarding the app, study design, and future implementation strategies. CONCLUSIONS We share important insights with regard to the development, implementation, and evaluation of a new app for supporting children's emotion regulation in schools. Our results demonstrate that mental health apps represent a promising means to facilitate effective mental health service provision in and outside of the school context. Important lessons learned are shared to support other researchers and clinicians on similar journeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Moltrecht
- Evidence-based Practice Unit, University College London & Anna Freud National Centre, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Deighton
- Evidence-based Practice Unit, University College London & Anna Freud National Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Edbrooke-Childs
- Evidence-based Practice Unit, University College London & Anna Freud National Centre, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Barbar S, Haddad C, Sacre H, Dagher D, Akel M, Kheir N, Salameh P, Hallit S, Obeid S. Factors associated with problematic social media use among a sample of Lebanese adults: The mediating role of emotional intelligence. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1313-1322. [PMID: 33217009 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship of smoking (cigarettes or waterpipe), alcohol drinking, alexithymia, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, stress, social phobia, emotional intelligence, impulsivity, insomnia, physical health, and loneliness with problematic social media use (PSMU) in a sample of Lebanese citizens. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 466 participants (January-May 2019). RESULTS Higher anxiety, alcohol use disorder, and social phobia were correlated with elevated PSMU, while older age was associated with lower PSMU. Emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between alexithymia and PSMU by 4.55%. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Since these manifestations are preventable, spreading awareness through our schools, educational programs, and even healthcare professionals would considerably reduce the pace at which young adults are transforming into anxious and distorted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Barbar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dina Dagher
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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14
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Barragán Martín AB, Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Oropesa Ruiz NF, Martos Martínez Á, Simón Márquez MDM, Gázquez Linares JJ. Interpersonal Support, Emotional Intelligence and Family Function in Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5145. [PMID: 34066285 PMCID: PMC8152060 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During adolescence, although the peer group exerts a strong influence on how the individual thinks and feels and on personal social values, the family still exerts a sustaining and supporting role. This study analyzed the relationships established between family function, emotional intelligence and perceived interpersonal support in adolescence. METHOD The sample was made up of 1287 high school students aged 14 to 18 (M = 15.11; SD = 0.91) in the province of Almeria (Spain). RESULTS The results showed moderate correlations between the intrapersonal emotional intelligence dimension and perceived availability of support (advice or orientation), and between the mood dimension of emotional intelligence and the three interpersonal support dimensions (appraisal, belonging and tangible). In addition, significant positive correlations were found between family function and the intrapersonal and mood dimensions of emotional intelligence, with medium and large effect sizes, respectively. Apart from that, the data revealed that students who could count on a more functional family referred to high empathy and acceptance by others and greater support in material or financial matters, followed by those with moderate family function. In addition, students from homes with severely dysfunctional families perceived less available support. Finally, students who said they could count on strong family function also scored higher on the intrapersonal factor of emotional intelligence. CONCLUSIONS The implications of these findings for the development of emotional intelligence in early adolescence are discussed from the family context, considering the relationship between emotional intelligence and social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Barragán Martín
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - María del Mar Molero Jurado
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - África Martos Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - María del Mar Simón Márquez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
| | - José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (A.B.B.M.); (M.d.M.M.J.); (M.d.C.P.-F.); (N.F.O.R.); (M.d.M.S.M.); (J.J.G.L.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500000, Chile
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15
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Youssef L, Hallit R, Akel M, Kheir N, Obeid S, Hallit S. Social media use disorder and alexithymia: Any association between the two? Results of a cross-sectional study among Lebanese adults. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:20-26. [PMID: 32239534 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To learn more about the association between social media use disorder and alexithymia among Lebanese people. DESIGN/METHODS Four hundred fifty-six residents participated in this cross-sectional study which was carried out between January and December 2018. FINDINGS The results showed that 107 (23.7%) participants were classified as having social media use disorder. Higher social media use disorder score (β = .52), higher perceived stress (β = .35), and higher depression (β = .12) were significantly associated with more alexithymia. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our results have shown that social media use disorder and being depressed and stressed were associated with higher levels of alexithymia. Psychologists/health practitioners can benefit from these findings in their future prevention and intervention plans. People who negatively utilize social media platforms can then be offered with appropriate counseling and coping mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Youssef
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University, Zouk, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Holy Family University, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
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16
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Kashimura M, Ishizu K, Shimoda Y. Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of a New Scale to Assess Alexithymia-Like Features in Japanese Youth. J NIPPON MED SCH 2020; 87:285-293. [PMID: 32074538 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2020_87-507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of alexithymia have primarily targeted adult populations. Although some recent studies of alexithymia have focused on children and young adolescents, the literature is not sufficient for development of an assessment tool. The aim of this study was to develop, and evaluate the psychometric properties of, a new scale to measure alexithymia-like features in young adolescents. METHODS A total of 1,444 Japanese junior high school students (701 males, 743 females; age range 12-15; mean [SD] age, 13.37 [0.98] years) participated in 2 surveys conducted at their own schools. RESULTS First, exploratory factor analysis of the first survey data (n=981) demonstrated that this new scale had a unifactor structure, as determined by minimum average partial analysis and parallel analysis. Second, confirmatory factor analysis of the second survey data (n=463) confirmed the unifactor structure of this new scale and acceptable goodness of model fit. The new scale had modest internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS The correlations of this new alexithymia scale with related variables were weak but significant, in accordance with our hypothesis. The scale had acceptable reliability and convergent validity and thus might be useful for measuring alexithymic tendency in young adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenichiro Ishizu
- Graduate School of Teacher Training Development, University of Toyama
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17
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Heaven P, Ciarrochi J. Parental styles, gender and the development of hope and self‐esteem. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined the developmental trajectory of trait hope and self‐esteem over 4 years and the impact of gender and perceived parental styles on these trajectories. Participants were 884 high school students. There was a general decline in hope and self‐esteem over time, with females declining more rapidly than males. Girls had higher hope than boys in Grade 7, but lower hope by Grade 10. Perceived parental authoritativeness at Time 1 was related to high hope across the 4 years, whilst perceived parental authoritarianism was related to low self‐esteem. We discuss the importance of perceived parental styles for adolescent well being, as well as possible explanations for changes in hope and self‐esteem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heaven
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Examining Emotional Literacy Development Using a Brief On-Line Positive Psychology Intervention with Primary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17207612. [PMID: 33086643 PMCID: PMC7589636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wellbeing literacy (WL) may be the missing ingredient required to optimally enhance or enable positive psychology intervention (PPI) effectiveness. This study involved Victorian government funded primary schools, including two rural, two regional, and two city schools; participants included 20 classroom teachers and 131 grade five and six primary school students. A brief online PPI was implemented by teachers for 10-15 min, three times per week, for six weeks. This paper examines quantitative data collected pre and post the six week intervention, and qualitative data gathered in week one of the intervention regarding intervention effectiveness. The aim is to examine if a brief online PPI effectively builds intentional emotional vocabulary use, and to discuss how on-line PPIs can be used in public health to improve young people's WL. Considering evaluations of process effectiveness and outcome measures related to student emotional vocabulary use, results tentatively suggest that online PPIs can positively impact emotional vocabulary capability and intentionality. Multimodal communication was exercised during the PPI, suggesting that the brief online PPI format may provide a valuable tool to promote student WL.
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19
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The Development and Process Evaluation of a 3-Day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Group Program for Adolescent Cancer Survivors. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-020-09571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Adolescents diagnosed with cancer experience unique psychosocial concerns that persist beyond treatment completion into longer-term survivorship. Camp-based, group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) programs are a potential model for providing evidence-informed psychological and peer support to adolescent cancer survivors.
Objective
This paper describes the development and exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of such a program, Places You’ll Go. This manualised program incorporates five 90-min group ACT sessions within a 3-day camp, teaching ACT strategies in the context of psychosocial impacts of cancer.
Method
Eight facilitators and twenty-eight Australian adolescent cancer survivors (68% female; age range 12–17 years, M = 15.4 years) participated in the program and evaluation. Feasibility was assessed using facilitator-reported session duration, attendance, quality and content fidelity; facilitators also completed interviews after program completion. Young people completed surveys on program acceptability at the end of each session and at program completion.
Results
All planned sessions were delivered, with 97% attendance and high fidelity in manualised program delivery. All young people were mostly or very satisfied and would recommend the program to another cancer survivor. Opportunities for peer connection and skill development contributed to perceived program acceptability.
Conclusions
The Places You’ll Go program was acceptable and feasible to deliver. It is a promising community-based model for promoting peer support and well-being in adolescent cancer survivors, indicating the potential of ACT-based approaches for this population. Further work is underway to evaluate whether the program improves psychosocial wellbeing among participants, and if this is linked to the therapeutic mechanisms underpinning ACT.
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20
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Sánchez-Álvarez N, Berrios Martos MP, Extremera N. A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance in Secondary Education: A Multi-Stream Comparison. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1517. [PMID: 32793030 PMCID: PMC7385306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was a quantitative meta-analysis of empirical research on the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and academic performance (AP) that included the three main theoretical models of EI. We conducted a computerized literature search in the main electronic databases. Forty-four of an initial 3,210 articles met the inclusion criteria. With 49 effect sizes and a cumulative sample size of 19,861 participants, we found significant heterogeneity indices indicating a variety of results. In general, the results of this study indicated a significant effect of EI on AP (Z ¯ = 0.26). Average association between EI and AP was higher in studies measured EI as ability (Z ¯ = 0.31), than studies measured EI as self-report (Z ¯ = 0.24), and self-report mixed EI (Z ¯ = 0.26). In the educational field, this meta-analysis provides information on the specific role of EI as a function of used measures. Some practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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21
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Attachment to Parents and Peers and Adolescent Mental Health: The Mediating Role of Alexithymia. Community Ment Health J 2020; 56:894-905. [PMID: 31960177 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current research aims to study the mediating role of alexithymia on the relationship between attachment to parents and peers and mental health problems in a sample of 242 non-referred adolescents. Participants completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Symptom Check List-90-R. Mediation analysis shows that alexithymia fully mediates the relations between attachment to peers and mental health problems in both adolescent males and females. Findings suggest the importance to identify promptly vulnerabilities and risks in order to create prevention and intervention programs aimed to foster positive attachment experiences and to support emotional regulation.
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22
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Tang W, Hu T, Yang L, Xu J. The role of alexithymia in the mental health problems of home-quarantined university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 165:110131. [PMID: 32518435 PMCID: PMC7273169 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective While it is well known that mental health problems are common consequences of deadly pandemics, the association with alexithymia is less clear. This study examined this association in an evaluation of home-quarantined university students during the 2019/2020 COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods In total, 2501 home-quarantined students from six southwest Chinese universities completed the following questionnaires: the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL—C), and the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), after which structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analyses were employed to extract and evaluate the possible associations. Results It was found that participants with probable depression or PTSD also reported more severe alexithymia features, such as difficulties in identifying feelings (DIF) or describing feelings (DDF). Alexithymia was also found to partially mediate the effect of number of exposures on mental health problems. Conclusion These results suggested that implementing strategies to assist young people identify and deal with their own emotions and those of others could prevent or mitigate the mental health problems associated with deadly pandemic events. However, future longitudinal studies are needed to examine the specific involvement of DIF or DDF in people with mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road Wuhou District, 610065 Chengdu, China.,Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Psychology, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section 1, Yihuan Road Wuhou District, 610065 Chengdu, China
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23
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Moran O, McHugh L. Measuring occurrences of self and other discriminations in relation to mental health in adolescent textual responses. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Vidas D, Calligeros R, Nelson NL, Dingle GA. Development of emotion recognition in popular music and vocal bursts. Cogn Emot 2019; 34:906-919. [PMID: 31805815 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2019.1700482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on the development of emotion recognition in music has focused on classical, rather than popular music. Such research does not consider the impact of lyrics on judgements of emotion in music, impact that may differ throughout development. We had 172 children, adolescents, and adults (7- to 20-year-olds) judge emotions in popular music. In song excerpts, the melody of the music and the lyrics had either congruent valence (e.g. happy lyrics and melody), or incongruent valence (e.g. scared lyrics, happy melody). We also examined participants' judgements of vocal bursts, and whether emotion identification was linked to emotion lexicon. Recognition of emotions in congruent music increased with age. For incongruent music, age was positively associated with judging the emotion in music by the melody. For incongruent music with happy or sad lyrics, younger participants were more likely to answer with the emotion of the lyrics. For scared incongruent music, older adolescents were more likely to answer with the lyrics than older and younger participants. Age groups did not differ on their emotion lexicons, nor recognition of emotion in vocal bursts. Whether children use lyrics or melody to determine the emotion of popular music may depend on the emotion conveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianna Vidas
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Renee Calligeros
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nicole L Nelson
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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25
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Nyquist AC, Luebbe AM. An Emotion Recognition–Awareness Vulnerability Hypothesis for Depression in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 23:27-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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The Effects of Emotional Awareness on the Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents: Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies as Mediators. ADONGHAKOEJI 2019. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Ospina LH, Shanahan M, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Chan CC, Clari R, Burdick KE. Alexithymia predicts poorer social and everyday functioning in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:218-226. [PMID: 30658205 PMCID: PMC6561815 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alexithymia, or the inability to identify and describe one's emotions, is significantly higher in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), compared to healthy controls (HC). Alexithymia has also been observed to predict psychosocial functioning in SZ. We investigated whether alexithymia predicted social and everyday functioning in BD, as well as transdiagnostically in HC, BD, and SZ patients. 56 BD, 45 SZ, and 50 HC were administered and compared on tests measuring neurocognition, social cognition, functioning and alexithymia. We conducted linear regressions assessing whether alexithymia predicted functional outcomes in BD. Next, we conducted hierarchical stepwise linear regressions investigating the predictive ability of neurocognition, social cognition and alexithymia on everyday and social functioning in our overall sample. BD and SZ patients were comparable on most demographics and demonstrated higher alexithymia compared to HCs. In BD, alexithymia predicted social functioning only. In the overall sample, difficulty identifying and describing feelings predicted everyday functioning; difficulty describing feelings predicted social functioning. Results suggest that aspects of alexithymia significantly predict functioning among these psychiatric groups, above and beyond the contributions of previously identified factors such as neurocognition and social cognition. Results may aid in developing proper interventions aimed at improving patients' ability to articulate their feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Ospina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York NY, United States.
| | - M Shanahan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York NY, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston MA, United States
| | - M M Perez-Rodriguez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York NY, United States
| | - C C Chan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York NY, United States
| | - R Clari
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York NY, United States
| | - K E Burdick
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York NY, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston MA, United States; James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx NY, United States; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, United States
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28
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Riley TN, Sullivan TN, Hinton TS, Kliewer W. Longitudinal relations between emotional awareness and expression, emotion regulation, and peer victimization among urban adolescents. J Adolesc 2019; 72:42-51. [PMID: 30825753 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are potential long-term psychosocial effects of experiencing peer victimization during adolescence, including: internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and risks behaviors such as substance use. While social-emotional theories of development note associations between deficits in emotion competencies and peer victimization in childhood, these associations are less established among adolescent samples. Identifying which inadequacies in emotional competence place particular adolescents at risk for peer victimization may provide insight into the developmental pathways leading to unfavorable outcomes. METHODS The current study examined the relation between emotional competence and overt peer victimization among adolescents. Adolescents living in a mid-sized urban city in the southeastern region of the United States (N = 357; Mage = 12.14 years, 92% African American) reported their emotional awareness and reluctance to express emotion at baseline. Two years later, adolescents reported their regulation of anger and caregivers reported on adolescents' global emotion regulation. Adolescents also reported on occurrences of overt peer victimization during the previous 30 days at baseline and during the two-year follow up. RESULTS Our hypothesized model fit the data adequately. Greater emotion awareness was associated with higher scores on caregiver-rated emotion regulation and adolescent-rated anger regulation two years later, and in turn, lower frequencies of overt victimization by peers. Further, greater expressive reluctance was associated with greater anger regulation, and in turn, lower frequencies of overt victimization by peers. Patterns of associations did not vary by sex or age. CONCLUSIONS The present study extends models of social-emotional development and peer interactions into the development age stage of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany S Hinton
- Virginia Commonwealth University and Henrico County School District, USA
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Altered Working Memory Processing of Emotion in Adolescents with Dysphoric Symptomatology: An Eye Tracking Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:875-887. [PMID: 29744706 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that altered processing of emotion during cognitive control plays an important role in the etiology of depressive symptoms. The current study investigates the influence of emotional stimuli on working memory (WM) in adolescents with dysphoric symptomatology (DS). Twenty-five adolescents with DS and 40 adolescents with no dysphoric symptomatology (NDS) completed a memory-guided eye movement task. This task assessed the influence of irrelevant affective information on WM processes during high and low cognitive load. Latency analyses showed that, in the high load WM condition, negative distractors disturbed WM performance in adolescents with NDS, but not in adolescents with DS. Accuracy analyses revealed that adolescents with NDS had higher accuracy rates in the presence of positive distractors relative to negative and neutral distractors, and in comparison to adolescents with DS. The findings indicated altered WM performance in the context of emotional distractors in adolescents with DS and may contribute to theoretical knowledge and early prevention of youth depression.
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Mannarini S, Balottin L, Palmieri A, Carotenuto F. Emotion Regulation and Parental Bonding in Families of Adolescents With Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1493. [PMID: 30174638 PMCID: PMC6107795 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental bonding and emotional regulation, while important to explain difficulties that may arise in child development, have mainly been studied at an individual level. The present study aims to examine alexithymia and parental bonding in families of adolescents with psychiatric disorders through different generations. The sample included a total of 102 adolescent patients with psychiatric disorders and their parents. In order to take a family level approach, a Latent Class Analysis was used to identify the latent relationships among alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale), perceived parental bonding (Parental Bonding Instrument) and the presence of adolescent internalizing or externalizing psychiatric symptoms (Youth Self-Report). Families of internalizing and externalizing adolescents present different and specific patterns of emotional regulation and parenting. High levels of adolescent alexithymia, along with a neglectful parenting style perceived by the adolescent and the father as well, characterized the families of patients with internalizing symptoms. On the other hand, in the families with externalizing adolescents, it was mainly the mother to remember an affectionless control parental style. These results suggest the existence of an intergenerational transmission of specific parental bonding, which may influence the emotional regulation and therefore the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mannarini
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Balottin
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Palmieri
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Carotenuto
- Interdepartmental Center for Family Research, Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Saikkonen S, Karukivi M, Vahlberg T, Saarijärvi S. Associations of social support and alexithymia with psychological distress in Finnish young adults. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:602-609. [DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Saikkonen
- Adolescent Psychiatry; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - Max Karukivi
- Adolescent Psychiatry; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
- Unit of Adolescent Psychiatry; Satakunta Hospital District; Pori Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Biostatistics; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
| | - Simo Saarijärvi
- Adolescent Psychiatry; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital; Turku Finland
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Nitkowski D, Fern J, Petermann U, Petermann F, Zeman JL. Factorial Structure of the German Version of the Emotion Expression Scale for Children in Early Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282918773478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
This article aims to review the concept of emotion dysregulation, focusing on issues related to its definition, meanings and role in psychiatric disorders. Articles on emotion dysregulation published until May 2016 were identified through electronic database searches. Although there is no agreement about the definition of emotion dysregulation, the following five overlapping, not mutually exclusive dimensions of emotion dysregulation were identified: decreased emotional awareness, inadequate emotional reactivity, intense experience and expression of emotions, emotional rigidity and cognitive reappraisal difficulty. These dimensions characterise a number of psychiatric disorders in various proportions, with borderline personality disorder and eating disorders seemingly more affected than other conditions. The present review contributes to the literature by identifying the key components of emotion dysregulation and by showing how these permeate various forms of psychopathology. It also makes suggestions for improving research endeavours. Better understanding of the various dimensions of emotion dysregulation will have implications for clinical practice. Future research needs to address emotion dysregulation in all its multifaceted complexity so that it becomes clearer what the concept encompasses.
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Nitkowski D, Laakmann M, Petersen R, Petermann U, Petermann F. Das Emotionstraining in der Schule. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In der Forschung wird zunehmend die Bedeutung emotionaler Kompetenzen in der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von depressiven Symptomen bei Jugendlichen herausgestellt, woraus Implikationen für Präventionsmaßnahmen resultieren. Das Emotionstraining in der Schule stellt ein schulbasiertes Präventionsprogramm für die Altersgruppe der 10- bis 13-Jährigen dar, das emotionale Kompetenzen fördert, um der Entwicklung einer depressiven oder Angstsymptomatik vorzubeugen. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Effektivität des Trainings in einem Wartekontrollgruppen-Design zu bestimmen. Eine Stichprobe von insgesamt 543 Schülerinnen und Schüler (Altersmittelwert = 11.46 Jahre; SD .69) nahmen an der Studie teil. Der Mangel an emotionalem Bewusstsein, die Abneigung gegen den Emotionsausdruck und das subjektive Wohlbefinden, welches als Gegenpol zur depressiven Symptomatik zu verstehen ist, wurden im Selbsturteil unmittelbar vor und nach dem Training erhoben. Gegenüber dem ersten Erhebungszeitpunkt zeigten sich nach Abschluss der Maßnahme keine Änderungen in den Merkmalsausprägungen. Im Rahmen einer Moderatorenanalyse konnten jedoch puffernde Effekte in der Trainingsgruppe belegt werden. In zukünftigen Studien muss der Wirkmechanismus hinter diesen Effekten weiter exploriert werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Nitkowski
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Mirjam Laakmann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Rieke Petersen
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Ulrike Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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Loades ME, Kagee A. Exploring our understanding of fatigue among adolescents living with HIV: Highlighting the unknown. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:125-136. [PMID: 28810460 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317710320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to antiretroviral therapies, HIV is now a chronic illness rather than a terminal disease. Chronic symptoms, including fatigue, should be identified and managed to prevent or minimise their potential negative consequences. We apply a Symptom Management Model to conceptualise fatigue among adolescents with HIV. In the context of minimal research, we seek to identify a research agenda for resource-constrained contexts, where HIV prevalence remains high and treatment adherence is a significant problem. By better understanding and addressing the symptom of fatigue, treatment adherence, occupational, social and emotional functioning could be improved. We highlight conceptual, methodological and measurement-related caveats.
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36
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Emotional Awareness in Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:687-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Duarte J, Pinto-Gouveia J. Correlates of psychological inflexibility mediate the relation between alexithymic traits and positive emotions. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ciarrochi J, Atkins PWB, Hayes LL, Sahdra BK, Parker P. Contextual Positive Psychology: Policy Recommendations for Implementing Positive Psychology into Schools. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1561. [PMID: 27777564 PMCID: PMC5056194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a rapid growth in positive psychology, a research and intervention approach that focuses on promoting optimal functioning and well-being. Positive psychology interventions are now making their way into classrooms all over the world. However, positive psychology has been criticized for being decontextualized and coercive, and for putting an excessive emphasis on positive states, whilst failing to adequately consider negative experiences. Given this, how should policy be used to regulate and evaluate these interventions? We review evidence that suggests these criticisms may be valid, but only for those interventions that focus almost exclusively on changing the content of people's inner experience (e.g., make it more positive) and personality (improving character strength), and overemphasize the idea that inner experience causes action. We describe a contextualized form of positive psychology that not only deals with the criticisms, but also has clear policy implications for how to best implement and evaluate positive education programs so that they do not do more harm than good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, SyndeyNSW, Australia
| | - Paul W. B. Atkins
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, SyndeyNSW, Australia
| | - Louise L. Hayes
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, MelbourneVIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
| | - Baljinder K. Sahdra
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, SyndeyNSW, Australia
| | - Philip Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, SyndeyNSW, Australia
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Garber J, Frankel SA, Herrington CG. Developmental Demands of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Children and Adolescents: Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Processes. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2016; 12:181-216. [PMID: 27019397 PMCID: PMC5441981 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although some treatments for depression in children and adolescents have been found to be efficacious, the effects sizes have tended to be modest. Thus, there is considerable room to improve upon existing depression treatments. Some children may respond poorly because they do not yet have the cognitive, social, or emotional maturity needed to understand and apply the skills being taught in therapy. Therefore, treatments for depression may need to be tailored to match children's ability to both comprehend and implement the therapeutic techniques. This review outlines the steps needed for such developmental tailoring: (a) Specify the skills being taught in depression treatments; (b) identify what cognitive, social, and emotional developmental abilities are needed to attain these skills; (c) describe the normative developmental course of these skills and how to determine a child's developmental level; and (d) use this information to design an individualized treatment plan. Possible approaches to intervening include: alter the therapy to meet the child's level of development, train the child on the skills needed to engage in the therapy, or apply a dynamic assessment approach that integrates evaluation into treatment and measures children's current abilities as well as their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-5721; , ,
| | - Sarah A Frankel
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-5721; , ,
| | - Catherine G Herrington
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203-5721; , ,
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40
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Sánchez-Álvarez N, Extremera N, Fernández-Berrocal P. Maintaining Life Satisfaction in Adolescence: Affective Mediators of the Influence of Perceived Emotional Intelligence on Overall Life Satisfaction Judgments in a Two-Year Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1892. [PMID: 26834654 PMCID: PMC4714630 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to the psychological processes underlying the improvement in mood states and human well-being, particularly during adolescence. Theoretical and empirical research suggests that emotional skills may play a role in enhancing perceived well-being; however, the mechanisms involved in during adolescence are unclear. The purpose of this study was to extend understanding by investigating the potential mediators of the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and life satisfaction in a 2-years study. Participants were 269 high school students (145 girls and 124 boys) who completed the self-report perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale three times at 1-year intervals. The three-step longitudinal design corroborated earlier research indicating that positive and negative affect mediate the relationships between EI and life satisfaction. Students with high PEI tended to have more positive experiences and fewer negative experiences, which contributed to their greater life satisfaction. No sex differences were found in the multi-group analyses, suggesting that the causal relationships are similar in both sexes. These findings extend our understanding of the complex network of relationships involving PEI and life satisfaction in adolescence. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalio Extremera
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga Málaga, Spain
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Usability evaluation with mental health professionals and young people to develop an Internet-based cognitive-behaviour therapy program for adolescents with anxiety disorders. BMC Pediatr 2015; 15:213. [PMID: 26675420 PMCID: PMC4682240 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-015-0534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of the Internet to deliver cognitive behavioural therapy, a frontline treatment for anxiety disorders, is emerging as an option to increase access to treatment among adolescents with anxiety disorders. This study examined the usability of the Internet-based component of Breathe, a CBT program designed for adolescents with mild to moderate anxiety and impairments. METHODS A mixed-method usability testing design with semi-structured interviews, task completion, and survey by trained usability moderators was undertaken with two interactive cycles to determine the usability (ease of use, efficiency, errors, and user satisfaction) of the user interface and content areas of the program. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit mental health clinicians with expertise in treating adolescent anxiety disorders and young people aged 15 to 24 years involved. Testing involved using Web-conferencing software that allowed remote participation through personal computers. Two testing cycles involved participants completing structured 'think aloud' and 'cognitive walkthrough' tasks within the program. At the end of each cycle participants completed a 15-item global usability evaluation survey and were asked a series of open-ended questions. Descriptive and simple content analyses were used to identify and score usability issues for frequency and severity. RESULTS Five clinicians and four young people (all < 20 years of age) participated. Most participants described their computer skills as 'good' (60% clinicians, 50% young people), and attitudes toward Internet-based health care ranged from negative (75% young people) to positive (60% clinicians, 25% young people). Scores from the global usability evaluation after both testing cycles ranged from 3.5 to 5 out of 5 in strong agreement/support of the program in terms of user performance indicators (i.e., learnability, efficiency and number of errors) and user satisfaction. Participants were able to complete all critical tasks with minimal errors. Errors and issues identified during testing were predominantly around enhancements to the visual design and navigational support. Opinions across usability elements did not differ between young people and clinician participants. CONCLUSIONS A multi-method remote usability approach provided the opportunity to improve the technical interface, therapeutic messaging and user experience of an Internet-based treatment program for adolescent anxiety disorders.
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Gatta M, Spitaleri C, Balottin U, Spoto A, Balottin L, Mangano S, Battistella PA. Alexithymic characteristics in pediatric patients with primary headache: a comparison between migraine and tension-type headache. J Headache Pain 2015; 16:98. [PMID: 26607363 PMCID: PMC4659793 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-015-0572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alexithymia is a personality construct characterized by difficulties in verbal emotional expression and a limited ability to use one’s imagination. Evidence of alexithymic characteristics was found in adults suffering from headache, while little is known about children. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of alexithymia in two different subgroups of children and adolescents suffering from primary headache. We also looked for correlation between alexithymia in children and in their mothers. Methods This study involved 89 participants: 47 (11 males, 36 females, aged 8 to 17 years) suffering from tension-type headache (TTH), and 42 (18 males, 24 females, aged 8 to 17 years) suffering from migraine (M), based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD 2013). A control group of 32 headache-free subjects (26 females and 6 males, aged 8 to17 years) was also considered. Two questionnaires were administered to measure alexithymia: the Alexithymia Questionnaire for Children to young patients and controls, and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to the mothers. Results Higher rates of alexithymia emerged in the TTH group compared to the M group. In particular, TTH sufferers had difficulty identifying their feelings. The mothers of children with headaches didn’t score higher in alexithymia compared to other mothers. In the M and in the control group, there was a significant correlation between the rates of alexithymia in young people and in their mothers. Conclusions To date no other study has investigated alexithymia in subgroups of primary headaches in developmental age. Our results suggest that patients suffering from TTH are more alexithymic than M patients. This pave the way to etiopathogenetic and clinical considerations, calling for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to tackle the problem of headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatta
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - C Spitaleri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - U Balottin
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy. .,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - A Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - L Balottin
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - S Mangano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - P A Battistella
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Patterson P, McDonald FEJ, Ciarrochi J, Hayes L, Tracey D, Wakefield CE, White K. A study protocol for Truce: a pragmatic controlled trial of a seven-week acceptance and commitment therapy program for young people who have a parent with cancer. BMC Psychol 2015; 3:31. [PMID: 26353784 PMCID: PMC4564955 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-015-0087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents the rationale and study protocol for a pragmatic controlled effectiveness trial of Truce, a prevention-based selective intervention targeting the significant mental health needs of young people who have a parent with cancer. METHODS/DESIGN Truce is a seven week, facilitated, face-to-face group program. The design is a 2 groups (intervention vs control) x 3 (pre-treatment vs post-treatment vs 2 month follow-up) repeated measures. Allocation to groups will be dependent upon recruitment; when groups have sufficient numbers, they will be assigned to the intervention condition, but participants recruited without a viable group will be assigned to the wait-list control condition. Eligible participants are young people aged 14 to 22 years who have a parent diagnosed with cancer within the last 5 years. Wait-list controls are offered the opportunity to participate in the program once they have completed their follow-up questionnaires. The target sample size is 65 participants in each condition. The primary hypothesis is that participants in the intervention will show significant reductions in distress and increases in psychological well-being relative to participants in the wait-list control group, and these effects will continue through two-month follow-up. Mixed-models analysis of variance will be used to measure differences between the two conditions. Secondary analyses will focus on variables which may relate to the effectiveness of the intervention: ACT-related concepts of experiential avoidance and mindfulness, family functioning, unmet needs and demographic variables. We will also assess program fidelity and satisfaction. DISCUSSION The development and evaluation of a manualised intervention for young people with a parent with cancer responds to a gap in the provision of empirically-based psychological support for this vulnerable group. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615000761561. Registered 22(nd) July 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandora Patterson
- Research, Evaluation and Social Policy, CanTeen, Sydney, Australia.
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Faculty Nursing, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Fiona E J McDonald
- Research, Evaluation and Social Policy, CanTeen, Sydney, Australia.
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Faculty Nursing, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Joseph Ciarrochi
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Louise Hayes
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Danielle Tracey
- School of Education, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Kate White
- Cancer Nursing Research Unit, Faculty Nursing, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Sánchez-Álvarez N, Extremera N, Fernández-Berrocal P. The relation between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic investigation. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1058968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kret ME, Ploeger A. Emotion processing deficits: A liability spectrum providing insight into comorbidity of mental disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:153-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kranzler A, Young JF, Hankin BL, Abela JRZ, Elias MJ, Selby EA. Emotional Awareness: A Transdiagnostic Predictor of Depression and Anxiety for Children and Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2015; 45:262-9. [PMID: 25658297 PMCID: PMC4527953 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2014.987379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research increasingly suggests that low emotional awareness may be associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety among children and adolescents. However, because most studies have been cross-sectional, it has remained unclear whether low emotional awareness predicts subsequent internalizing symptoms. The current study used longitudinal data to examine the role of emotional awareness as a transdiagnostic predictor of subsequent symptoms of depression and anxiety. Participants were 204 youth (86 boys and 118 girls) ages 7-16 who completed self-report measures of emotional awareness, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms at baseline, as well as measures of depression and anxiety symptoms every 3 months for a year. Results from hierarchical mixed effects modeling indicated that low baseline emotional awareness predicted both depressive and anxiety symptoms across a 1-year period. These findings suggest that emotional awareness may constitute a transdiagnostic factor, predicting symptoms of both depression and anxiety, and that emotional awareness training may be a beneficial component of treatment and prevention programs for youth depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kranzler
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jami F. Young
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - John R. Z. Abela
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Maurice J. Elias
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Edward A. Selby
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Karukivi M, Vahlberg T, Pölönen T, Filppu T, Saarijärvi S. Does alexithymia expose to mental disorder symptoms in late adolescence? A 4-year follow-up study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:748-52. [PMID: 25307513 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible causal link between alexithymia and the emergence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as alcohol consumption in a sample of late adolescents. METHOD The nonclinical sample comprised late adolescents (n = 315), including both females (n = 256) and males (n = 59). The follow-up period was 4 years, and at baseline, the mean age of the subjects was 19 years (range 17-21 years). Alexithymia was measured with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), depression symptoms with the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory (RBDI), anxiety with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and alcohol consumption with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). The three TAS-20 subscales were assessed separately. Linear and cumulative logistic regression analyses were used for the evaluation of associations, and the analyses were adjusted with the corresponding baseline scores. RESULTS The TAS-20 total and subscale scores did not predict the RBDI or AUDIT scores at follow-up. However, the TAS-20 subscale "difficulty identifying feelings" was significantly associated with both STAI-State (P = .007) and STAI-Trait (P = .004) scores at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Alexithymic features may be individual predictors of later anxiety symptoms. The significant differences between the various dimensions of alexithymia should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Karukivi
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kaskenkatu 18 A 3, FI-20700 Turku, Finland; Unit of Adolescent Psychiatry, Satakunta Hospital District, Antinkatu 15 A, FI-28100 Pori, Finland.
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 1, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Tuukka Pölönen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 1, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Filppu
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kaskenkatu 18 A 3, FI-20700 Turku, Finland
| | - Simo Saarijärvi
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Turku, Kaskenkatu 18 A 3, FI-20700 Turku, Finland; Unit of Adolescent Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Kaskenkatu 18 A 3, FI-20700 Turku, Finland.
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Stability of alexithymia in late adolescence: results of a 4-year follow-up study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:386-90. [PMID: 24953425 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the stability of alexithymia in adolescents and the effects of parental factors and social support thereon. The sample comprised 315 late adolescents, of whom 259 were female and 56 male. At baseline, the mean age of the subjects was 19 years (range 17-21 years). The follow-up period was 4 years (2008-2012). The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used for the assessment of alexithymia both at baseline and follow-up. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) were used as measures at baseline. Regarding absolute stability, the changes in the TAS-20 total scores and two subscales (DIF and EOT) were statistically significant but the effect sizes for the changes were small (Cohen׳s d 0.21-0.24). The test-retest correlations for the TAS-20 total and subscale scores were high (ρ=0.50-0.64, P<0.001), indicating relative stability. While several parental and social support variables were associated with alexithymia at baseline, low social support from friends was the only to predict higher alexithymia at follow-up. Alexithymia is a stable personality trait also in late adolescence. Low social support from friends is related to alexithymia in young adulthood.
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Psychological flexibility is not a single dimension: The distinctive flexibility profiles of underweight, overweight, and obese people. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mazursky-Horowitz H, Felton JW, MacPherson L, Ehrlich KB, Cassidy J, Lejuez CW, Chronis-Tuscano A. Maternal Emotion Regulation Mediates the Association Between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Parenting. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 43:121-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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