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López-Gil JF, Chen S, López-Bueno R, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Duarte Junior MA, Galan-Lopez P, Palma-Gamiz JL, Smith L. Prevalence of obesity and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in Ecuadorian children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03342-w. [PMID: 38914757 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in young people in Ecuador, there is a need to understand the factors associated with this condition. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of obesity in Ecuadorian children and adolescents aged 5-17 years and identify its associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT-2018). The final sample consisted of 11,980 participants who provided full information on the variables of interest. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was 12.7%. A lower odd of having obesity was observed for adolescents; for those with a breadwinner with an educational level in middle/high school or higher; for each additional day with 60 or more minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; and for those with greater daily vegetable consumption (one, two, or three or more servings). Conversely, there were greater odds of obesity in participants from families with medium, poor, and very poor wealth and those from the coast and insular region. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of obesity in Ecuadorian children and adolescents is a public health concern. Sociodemographic and lifestyle behavior differences in young people with obesity should be considered when developing specific interventions. IMPACT As the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents increases in Latin America, with a particular focus on Ecuador, it becomes crucial to delve into the factors linked to this condition and identify the most successful strategies for its mitigation. The elevated prevalence of obesity among young individuals in Ecuador raises significant public health concerns. To develop targeted interventions, it is crucial to account for sociodemographic variables and lifestyle behaviors that contribute to obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain.
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Angelo Duarte Junior
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Galan-Lopez
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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López-Gil JF, Victoria-Montesinos D, García-Hermoso A. Effects of lifestyle-based interventions to improve Mediterranean diet adherence among the young population: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:849-860. [PMID: 37672008 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the large number of studies published to date, the effect of lifestyle-based interventions on improving adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in young people has not been meta-analyzed. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was two-fold: (1) to determine the pooled intervention effects of lifestyle-based interventions on improving adherence to the MedDiet in a young population aged 3 years-18 years and (2) to examine the potential factors related to those intervention effects. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed from their inception until June 15, 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Different meta-analyses were independently performed to observe the effect of lifestyle-based interventions on adherence to the MedDiet (according to the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents [KIDMED]). DATA ANALYSIS Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a small increase in KIDMED score (d = .27; 95% confidence interval [CI], .11 to .43; P < .001; I2 = 89.7%). Similarly, participants in the lifestyle-based intervention groups had a 14% higher probability of achieving optimal adherence to the MedDiet (risk difference = .14; 95% CI, .02 to .26; P = .023; I2 = 96.8%). Greater improvements in achieving optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found in interventions delivered out of school (risk difference = .24, 95% CI, .04 to .44; I2 = 88.4%), those aimed at parents or at both children and parents (risk difference = .20, 95% CI, .07 to .34; I2 = 98.2%), and those including only participants with overweight/obesity (risk difference = .34, 95% CI, .15 to .52; I2 = .0%). CONCLUSION Healthy lifestyle-based interventions seem to be effective in increasing adherence to the MedDiet and in achieving optimal adherence to this dietary pattern among children and adolescents. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD2022369409.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston (Massachusetts), USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
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López-Gil JF, Fabios E, Martín-Calvo N. Meeting the 24-h movement recommendations and its relationship with Mediterranean dietary patterns in early childhood: the SENDO project. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2365-2373. [PMID: 38430278 PMCID: PMC11035442 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to assess the association between meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) in early childhood and (2) to examine whether participants who meet all three 24-h movement recommendations have greater adherence to the individual MedDiet foods/components than those who do not meet these recommendations. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of 822 participants from the Seguimiento del Niño para un Desarrollo Óptimo (SENDO) project (Pamplona, Spain). Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire that covered 17 different types of activities. Screen time was assessed by averaging the daily hours spent on activities such as watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games. Sleep duration was determined by taking the average of sleep durations during both weekdays and weekends. Adherence to the MedDiet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents (KIDMED). Greater odds of having an optimal adherence to the MedDiet were found for participants meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.87, p = 0.001) in comparison with their counterparts not meeting these recommendations. Specifically, significant differences were found for "fruit or fruit juice every day" (p = 0.012), "second fruit every day" (p = 0.001), and "fresh or cooked vegetables regularly once a day" (p = 0.018) in relation to meeting all three 24-h movement recommendation status. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern. What is Known: • Only a limited number of studies have investigated the joint connection between the 24-h movement recommendations and dietary habits. • Integrating the 24-h movement recommendations with dietary recommendations could potentially yield greater effectiveness compared to promoting these recommendations independently within public health strategies. What is New: • This is the first study in assessing the relationship between 24-h movement recommendations and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in early childhood. • These findings provide further evidence of the potential importance of meeting all three 24-h movement recommendations to adopt a healthier eating pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elise Fabios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martín-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Milanta C, Agostinelli M, Bona F, Croce S, Valsecchi C, Avanzini MA, Zuccotti G. The Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet on Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732533 PMCID: PMC11085692 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Numerous elements of the Mediterranean diet (MD) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. (2) Methods: We present a narrative review of the potential benefits of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MD) in mitigating aging-related inflammation (inflamm-aging) associated with childhood obesity. The mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation in obesity are also discussed. A total of 130 papers were included after screening abstracts and full texts. (3) Results: A complex interplay between obesity, chronic inflammation, and related comorbidities is documented. The MD emerges as a promising dietary pattern for mitigating inflammation. Studies suggest that the MD may contribute to weight control, improved lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and endothelial function, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with obesity. (4) Conclusions: While evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effects of the MD in pediatric obesity is still evolving, the existing literature underscores its potential as a preventive and therapeutic strategy. However, MD adherence remains low among children and adolescents, necessitating targeted interventions to promote healthier dietary habits. Future high-quality intervention studies are necessary to elucidate the specific impact of the MD on inflammation in diverse pediatric populations with obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Federica Bona
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Croce
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.C.); (C.V.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Chiara Valsecchi
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.C.); (C.V.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory, Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.C.); (C.V.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.A.); (F.B.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Domínguez-Martín G, Tárraga-López PJ, López-Gil JF. Relationship between perceived physical literacy and obesity-related outcomes in adolescents: the EHDLA study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1321361. [PMID: 38694986 PMCID: PMC11062133 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1321361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between perceived physical literacy and obesity-related outcomes among adolescents from Spain. Methods This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis including a total sample of 845 Spanish adolescents (55.3% girls) aged 12-17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) project. Physical literacy was evaluated using the Spanish Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument for adolescents (S-PPLI). Body mass index was computed by taking the participants' body weight in kilograms and dividing it by the square of their height in meters, and body mass index (z score) and overweight/obesity and obesity were computed by the World Health Organization age- and sex-specific thresholds. Waist circumference was measured using a constant tension tape. Moreover, the waist-to-height ratio was calculated, and therefore, abdominal obesity was determined. Skinfold measurements were taken at the triceps and medial calf using calibrated steel calipers. Results In general, the overall trend was downward (i.e., the higher the PPLI score the lower the obesity-related indicators), with the approximate significance of smooth terms being statistically significant for all models examined (p < 0.001). Adolescents with lower perceived physical literacy (PPL) showed the highest estimated marginal means of body mass index, body mass index z score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and skinfold (triceps and calf) and predictive probabilities of having excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity, while their counterparts with high PPL had the lowest. In addition, significant differences were observed for all the obesity-related indications between adolescents with low PPL and those with medium PPL (p-adjusted < 0.05 for all indicators), as well as with those with high PPL (p-adjusted < 0.05 for all indicators). Moreover, these significant differences were also shown for most indicators between adolescents with medium PPL and those with high PPL (except for obesity). Conclusion Physical literacy could play a crucial role in maintaining more desirable obesity-related outcomes in adolescents. Adolescents with high perceived physical literacy showed lower obesity-related indicators (i.e., body mass index, body mass index z score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, skinfolds), as well as a lower probability of having excess weight, obesity, and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro J Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Ramírez Gallegos I, Marina Arroyo M, López-González ÁA, Vicente-Herrero MT, Vallejos D, Sastre-Alzamora T, Ramírez-Manent JI. The Effect of a Program to Improve Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet on Cardiometabolic Parameters in 7034 Spanish Workers. Nutrients 2024; 16:1082. [PMID: 38613115 PMCID: PMC11013770 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases include a large group of pathologies and constitute one of the most serious chronic health problems facing the 21st century, with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy diets influence the development of these pathologies. The Mediterranean diet can be an important part in the treatment of these diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a program that aims to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet on the improvement of different cardiometabolic risk parameters. METHODS A prospective intervention study was carried out on 7034 Spanish workers. Prior to the intervention, 22 cardiometabolic risk scales were evaluated. Participants in this study were informed both orally and in writing of the characteristics and benefits of the Mediterranean diet and were given the website of the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare of Spain, which provides advice on nutrition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was reinforced by sending a monthly SMS to their mobile phones. After six months of follow-up, the 22 risk scales were re-evaluated to assess changes. Means and standard deviations were calculated using Student's t test to analyse quantitative variables. Prevalence was calculated using the Chi-square test when the variables were qualitative. RESULTS All the cardiometabolic risk scales studied decreased after implementing a program to improve and enhance adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The number of losses in the sample was very low, standing at 4.31%. CONCLUSIONS The Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing all cardiovascular risk scales evaluated. The mean values and prevalence of high values of the different cardiometabolic risk scales analysed led to lower values after the implementation of the program to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet. We observed a significant positive difference in metabolic age in both sexes. We have obtained a significant improvement in the insulin resistance index, especially in the SPISE-IR index, data that we have not found in previous publications. Easy access to the Internet and new information and communication technologies facilitate adherence to a diet and can reduce the number of losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ramírez Gallegos
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
| | - Marta Marina Arroyo
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
| | - Ángel Arturo López-González
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University School ADEMA, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Service, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Maria Teófila Vicente-Herrero
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
| | - Daniela Vallejos
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
| | - Tomás Sastre-Alzamora
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
| | - José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent
- Investigation Group ADEMA SALUD, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (I.R.G.); (M.M.A.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.-M.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Service, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Moral R, Kapravelou G, Cubedo M, Solanas M, Escrich E. Body weight gain and control: beneficial effect of extra virgin olive oil versus corn oil in an experimental model of mammary cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109549. [PMID: 38104866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a known risk factor for breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women worldwide. We have previously described different effects of high-fat diets on mammary experimental carcinogenesis. In this work, we analyzed the animal growth data obtained in six experimental assays, in healthy and carcinogen-induced rats undergoing different dietary interventions. The animals were fed with three experimental diets administered at different periods of development: a control low-fat diet, and two isocaloric high-fat diets (rich in corn oil or in extravirgin olive oil -EVOO-). Weekly weight throughout the development of 818 animals have been compiled and reanalyzed using adjusted mathematical models. Molecular mechanisms have been investigated: ethanolamides in small intestine, neuropeptides controlling satiety in hypothalamus, and proteins controlling lipid metabolism in adipose and mammary tissues. The results indicated that the effect of diets depended on type of lipid, timing of intervention and health status. The high corn oil diet, but not the high EVOO diet, increased body weight and mass, especially if administered from weaning, in healthy animals and in those that received a moderate dose of carcinogen. The potential protective effect of EVOO on weight maintenance may be related to anorexigenic neuropeptides such as oxytocin and lipolysis/deposition balance in adipose tissue (increasing phospho-PKA, HSL, MGL and decreasing FAS). In animals with cancer, body weight gain was related to the severity of the disease. Taken together, our results suggest that EVOO has a beneficial effect on body weight maintenance in both health and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moral
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cubedo
- Department of Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Solanas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Escrich
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Gallego A, López-Gil JF. The role of individual and contextual economic factors in obesity among adolescents: A cross-sectional study including 143 160 participants from 41 countries. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04035. [PMID: 38389438 PMCID: PMC10884718 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the role of index of economic freedom (IEF) in the prevalence of excess weight and obesity in adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the association between both individual and contextual economic factors and the prevalence of overweight and obesity (i.e. excess weight) or obesity in adolescents from different countries. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the 2017/2018 wave of the Health Behaviour School-Aged Children study. Body mass index z-score was determined following the International Obesity Task Force criteria and, subsequently, excess weight and obesity were computed. The Family Affluence Scale was used to assess socioeconomic status. The index of IEF was used to estimate the benefits of economic freedom, both for individuals and for society as a whole. Results An inverse association was shown between socioeconomic status (SES) and excess weight or obesity, with adolescents with high SES and medium SES being less likely to have excess weight compared to adolescents with low SES (medium SES: odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-0.82, P < 0.001; high SES: OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.62-0.68, P < 0.001). For obesity, lower odds were also found for adolescents with medium SES (medium SES: OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.69-0.80, P < 0.001) or high SES (high SES: OR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.49-0.61, P < 0.001), in comparison with their counterparts with low SES. On the other hand, it was observed a greater likelihood of having excess weight and obesity in mostly unfree countries (excess weight: OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.51-1.00, P = 0.052; obesity: OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.39-0.92, P = 0.019) compared to free/mostly free countries. These results remained significant after adjusting for several sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. Conclusions Both individual and contextual factors seem to have a crucial role in the prevalence of excess weight and obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gallego
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Masini A, Dallolio L, Sanmarchi F, Lovecchio F, Falato M, Longobucco Y, Lanari M, Sacchetti R. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Children and Adolescents and Association with Multiple Outcomes: An Umbrella Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:449. [PMID: 38391824 PMCID: PMC10887852 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been linked to numerous health benefits. This umbrella review aims to synthesize evidence from systematic reviews on the MD's impact on children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years. Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we included 11 systematic reviews focusing on the MD's effects on health outcomes, such as asthma, anthropometric measures, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers. The results indicate a protective role of the MD against childhood asthma due to its antioxidant-rich components. However, evidence for its impact on allergic conditions like rhinitis and eczema is inconclusive. Findings regarding anthropometric outcomes, particularly BMI, are limited and inconsistent. A positive correlation was observed between MD adherence and increased physical activity, improved physical fitness, quality of life, and reduced sedentary behavior. Additionally, the MD showed an inverse relationship with pro-inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting anti-inflammatory benefits. The inconsistency in BMI findings and the potential anti-inflammatory properties of the MD warrant further longitudinal research. Future studies should explore the MD's impact on cognitive functions, academic performance, and mental health in this age group, highlighting the significance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Lovecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Falato
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rossella Sacchetti
- Department of Education Studies "Giovanni Maria Bertin", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Bozkurt O, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B, Koçyiğit E. Evaluation of the Relationships Among Mindful Eating, Environmental Beliefs, Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, and Obesity in Children. Turk Arch Pediatr 2024; 59:98-105. [PMID: 38454267 PMCID: PMC10837568 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2024.23173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), mindful eating, environmental beliefs, and obesity in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 318 children (50.6% male, 49.4% female, 10.0 ± 0.73 years old). Data were obtained using survey and a face-to-face interview method. The questionnaire includes general information, anthropometric measurements, the New Ecological Paradigm Scale for Children (NEP), the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), and the Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children. RESULTS According to the KIDMED classification, 52.5% of the children were in the group that needs improvement, 35.2% were in the low diet quality group, and 12.3% were in the optimal MD group. The Mindless score was higher in overweight/obese children compared to the normal body mass index (BMI) group (P < .05). Awareness, NEP, and KIDMED scores were the lowest in overweight/obese children (P < .05). In regression analysis, the father's age, KIDMED, and Awareness scores related to NEP scores positively (R2 : 0.545, P < .001). Also, children's body mass index-related KIDMED scores negatively, and awareness and NEP scores related KIDMED scores positively (R2 : 0.276, P < .001). CONCLUSION Our results show that higher adherence to the MD is associated with higher environmental beliefs. Children with higher mindful eating have higher environmental beliefs and adherence to the MD, and these scores are lower in obese children. Therefore, raising generations that adopt sustainable diet models and have high environmental awareness is necessary. This research provides significant findings for future clinical studies on children's body weight maintenance and sustainability. Cite this article as: Bozkurt O, Kocaadam-Bozkurt B, Koçyiğit E. Evaluation of the relationships among mindful eating, environmental beliefs, adherence to the mediterranean diet, and obesity in children. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2024;59(1):98-105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betül Kocaadam-Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Erzurum Technical University Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emine Koçyiğit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ordu, Turkey
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Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Alexatou O, Voulgaridou G, Mentzelou M, Biskanaki F, Psara E, Tsourouflis G, Lefantzis N, Dimoliani S, Apostolou T, Sampani A, Chatziprodromidou IP, Angelakou EP, Giaginis C. Childhood Mediterranean Diet Adherence Is Associated with Lower Prevalence of Childhood Obesity, Specific Sociodemographic, and Lifestyle Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children. EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2023; 5:11-28. [PMID: 38247997 PMCID: PMC10801514 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been related with a decreased probability of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at all stages of the human life, decreasing the risk of diverse disease states and improving quality of life. Over the last few years, the prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity and especially abdominal obesity has highly increased worldwide, being associated with a higher likelihood of overweight/obesity as well as central obesity at the next stages of the life during adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship of MD compliance with sociodemographic, anthropometry and lifestyle features in pre-school children aged 2-5 years old. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, which includes 5188 pre-school children from diverse regions of Greece. Relevant questionnaires were applied to evaluate the sociodemographic features of the enrolled children. Anthropometric parameters were measured by relevant techniques. Qualified questionnaires were utilized for assessing several lifestyle factors such as physical activity, quality of life, breastfeeding practices, MD adherence, as well as the prevalence of childhood asthma and diabetes mellitus type I. RESULTS Of the enrolled children, 41.7% showed low MD compliance and 36.4% of them indicated moderated compliance, while only 21.9% of them showed a high MD adherence. Overweight/obesity was noted in 24.2% of the assigned children, while abdominal obesity was noticed in 18.2% of them. Higher MD compliance was related with an elevated prevalence of sex (boys, p = 0.0005), Greek nationality (p = 0.0088), rural type of residence (p = 0.0099), childhood overweight/obesity (p < 0.0001) and abdominal obesity (p < 0.0001), lower childbirth weight (p < 0.0001), increased physical activity (p = 0.0041), improved quality of life (p = 0.0008), exclusive breastfeeding (p < 0.0001), childhood asthma (p = 0.0001) and diabetes mellitus type 1 (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS A higher MD adherence is associated with specific sociodemographic, better anthropometric, and beneficial lifestyle factors in pre-school children. However, MD compliance remains low or moderate in the vast majority of children aged 2-5 years old. Thus, future public strategies and policies should be performed to inform parents of the potential beneficial effects of MD against obesity and related chronic diseases at the next stage of their children's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | | | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos Lefantzis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophia Dimoliani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Thomas Apostolou
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Sampani
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Exakousti-Petroula Angelakou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece; (E.P.); (O.A.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.D.); (E.-P.A.)
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12
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López-Gil JF, Moreno-Galarraga L, Mesas AE, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, López-Bueno R, Gaffin JM. Is chronotype linked with adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adolescents? The EHDLA study. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:2070-2076. [PMID: 37438475 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous study has evaluated the relationship between chronotype and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between chronotype and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a sample of Spanish adolescents aged 12-17 years. METHODS This study examined secondary data from 820 adolescents (55.5% girls) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study, which included a representative sample of adolescents aged 12-17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). Adolescents' chronotype was evaluated with the Morningness/Eveningness Scale in Children. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was determined through the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Teenagers. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents with an optimal Mediterranean diet was 37.6%. In relation to chronotype, we found that 24.5%, 69.4%, and 6.1% of the adolescents were classified as morning, intermediate, and evening types, respectively. After adjusting for several covariates, both evening- and intermediate-type adolescents showed lower odds of having optimal adherence to the Mediterranean diet (evening-type: odds ratio [OR] = 0.30, confidence interval [CI] 95% 0.12-0.72; intermediate-type: OR = 0.62, CI 95% 0.44-0.87) than morning-type adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Chronotype could affect adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in adolescents, so it should be a factor to be considered in future studies assessing eating habits. IMPACT No previous study has evaluated the relationship between chronotype and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among adolescents. Both evening- and intermediate-type adolescents showed lower odds of having optimal Mediterranean diet adherence than morning-type adolescents. These findings may indicate a need to promote eating healthy habits based on a more holistic approach, not only on the total energy expenditure or in specific food groups but also on the chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Laura Moreno-Galarraga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Leão C, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Machado I, Lemos J, Leal S, Nobari H. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in young male soccer players. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:101. [PMID: 37667367 PMCID: PMC10476429 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nutrition is vital in health and sports performance by improving anthropometric-related parameters and dietary habits, especially in the youngest ages. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been highly recognized for its positive health effects and low adverse environmental impact. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize adherence to the MD and analyze its association with anthropometric parameters in young soccer players. METHODOLOGY In the present study, 132 male young soccer players from under 9 to under 15 categories (aged 7 to 15 years) from a Portuguese football club participated. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED) questionnaire was applied to assess adherence to the MD. Anthropometric-related parameters, including body mass, height, triceps skinfold thickness (TSKF), suprailiac skinfold thickness (SISKF), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (%BF), were determined. The differences between groups were performed accordingly to normal and non-normal distribution. Spearman's correlations were performed to analyze the hypothetical correlation between KIDMED and BMI. RESULTS Players reached an average KIDMED score of 8.36 ± 1.92, showing that 68.2% (n = 90) reached high adherence to the MD, 31.1% (n = 41) had moderate adherence to the MD, and 0.78% (n = 1) had poor adherence to the MD. When the analysis was made for age group and BMI classification, no significant differences were observed in adherence to the MD. Considering the main characteristics of the MD, 50.8% consumed fruit (vs. 49,2%), 52.3% consumed vegetables (vs. 47,7%), and only 20% consumed oleaginous dried fruits (vs. 80%). Dairy consumption throughout the day was 49,2% (vs. no: 50,8%). CONCLUSION Data from the present study showed that many soccer players adhered to the MD, and no differences were observed for age group or BMI classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Leão
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, 4960-320, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), Viana do Castelo, Melgaço, 4960-320, Portugal
- Tumour & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, Porto, 4200-153, Portugal
| | - Inês Machado
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Paredes, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - João Lemos
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Álvares, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347, Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, Paredes, 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Hadi Nobari
- Faculty of Sports Science, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, 5619911367, H.N, Iran.
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Antasouras G, Papadopoulou SK, Alexatou O, Papandreou D, Mentzelou M, Migdanis A, Psara E, Migdanis I, Chrysafi M, Tyrovolas S, Louka A, Giaginis C. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy: Associations with Sociodemographic and Anthropometric Parameters, Perinatal Outcomes, and Breastfeeding Practices. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1547. [PMID: 37763666 PMCID: PMC10536474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been recognized as a beneficial nutritional pattern that promotes human health, decreasing the risks of a variety of human disorders and pathological states, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this aspect, the current survey aimed to assess the potential association of compliance with the MD during gestation with various sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5688 pregnant women from 10 distinctive Greek areas. Face-to-face interviews with qualified questionnaires and thorough retrievals of medical records were performed to collect data concerning the participants' sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, perinatal outcomes, and breastfeeding practices. Results: Elevated compliance with the MD during pregnancy was independently related with older age, higher educational status, and better economic status as well as decreased incidences of pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excess gestational weight gain and a lower likelihood of gestational diabetes. Moreover, greater adherence to the MD was independently associated with an increased prevalence of delivering vaginally and a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for at least 16 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: A higher level of compliance with the MD for the period of gestation was associated with several favorable lifestyle factors that may promote maternal health. Further studies with a prospective design as well as studies exploring the potential effects of maternal compliance with the MD for the period of pregnancy on the health of children should be performed. Future studies should also be extended beyond the MD by assessing the potential beneficial effects of adopting a Mediterranean lifestyle on maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Alexatou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Athanasios Migdanis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Ioannis Migdanis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Maria Chrysafi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon GH506, Hong Kong
| | - Aikaterini Louka
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
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15
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Pavlidou E, Papandreou D, Taha Z, Mantzorou M, Tyrovolas S, Kiortsis DN, Psara E, Papadopoulou SK, Yfantis M, Spanoudaki M, Antasouras G, Mentzelou M, Giaginis C. Association of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Overweight and Obesity with Childhood Anthropometric Factors and Perinatal and Postnatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3384. [PMID: 37571321 PMCID: PMC10421009 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in reproductive-aged women becomes a growing tendency in middle- and high-income populations. This study aimed to evaluate whether maternal excess body mass index (BMI) before gestation is associated with children's anthropometric characteristics, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study performed on 5198 children aged 2-5 years old and their paired mothers, assigned from 9 different areas of Greece. Maternal and childhood anthropometric data, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes, were collected from medical history records or validated questionnaires. RESULTS Prevalences of 24.4% and 30.6% of overweight/obesity were recorded for the enrolled children and their mothers 2-5 years postpartum. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was more frequently observed in older mothers and female children, and was also associated with high childbirth weight, preterm birth, high newborn ponderal index, caesarean section delivery, diabetes type 1, and childhood overweight/obesity at pre-school age. In multivariate analysis, maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was independently associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight/obesity at pre-school age, as well as with a higher increased incidence of childbirth weight, caesarean section delivery, and diabetes type 1. CONCLUSIONS Maternal overweight/obesity rates before gestation were related with increased childhood weight status at birth and 2-5 years postpartum, highlighting the necessity of encouraging healthy lifestyle promotion, including healthier nutritional habits, and focusing on obesity population policies and nutritional interventions among women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates; (D.P.); (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates; (D.P.); (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates; (D.P.); (Z.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Dimitrios N. Kiortsis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marios Yfantis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece; (E.P.); (E.P.); (M.Y.); (G.A.); (M.M.)
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16
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Katsagoni CN, Karagianni VM, Papadopoulou A. Efficacy of Different Dietary Patterns in the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:2708. [PMID: 37375612 PMCID: PMC10302595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in children and adolescents. In recent years, interest in the role of diet in the treatment of FGIDs has increased. Currently, interest focuses on the low-FODMAP diet (LFD), the fructose- or lactose-restricted diet (FRD or LRD), the gluten-free diet (GFD), and the Mediterranean diet (MD). In this review, we focus on the role of these dietary patterns in the FGIDs most commonly diagnosed in clinical practice, namely irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain (FAP), functional dyspepsia (FD), and functional constipation (FC). Fifteen clinical trials were systematically reviewed (both RCTs and single-arm clinical trials). We demonstrated the lack of high-quality intervention trials. Based on current evidence, low-FODMAP diet, LRD, FRD, and GFD have no place in daily clinical practice for the management of children and adolescents with FGIDs. Nevertheless, some patients with IBS or RAP may experience some benefit from the use of a low-FODMAP diet or FRD/LRD. Limited data suggest that MD may be promising in the management of FGIDs, especially in IBS patients, but more data are required to investigate the mechanisms of its protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki-Maria Karagianni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Agia Sofia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Andueza N, Martin-Calvo N, Navas-Carretero S, Cuervo M. The ALINFA Intervention Improves Diet Quality and Nutritional Status in Children 6 to 12 Years Old. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102375. [PMID: 37242258 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new nutritional intervention, focused on improving the quality of the diet in children aged 6 to 12 years. A 2-month parallel, controlled randomized trial was conducted in the Spanish child population. The children were randomized to ALINFA nutritional intervention, which consisted of a normocaloric diet that incorporates products, ready-to-eat meals and healthy recipes specifically designed for the study, or a control group, which received the usual advice on healthy eating. The change in diet quality was assessed through the Kidmed index. The secondary outcomes were anthropometry, glucose and lipid profiles, inflammation markers, dietary intake and lifestyle. The participants in the intervention group showed an increase in the mean score of the Kidmed index (p < 0.001). Alongside that, these children decreased their intake of calories (p = 0.046), and total and saturated fat (p = 0.016//p = 0.011), and increased fiber intake (p < 0.001). Likewise, the children in the ALINFA group increased the intake of white fish (p = 0.001), pulses (p = 0.004), whole grains (p < 0.001) and nuts (p < 0.001), and decreased fatty meat (p = 0.014), refined grain (p = 0.008), pastry (p < 0.001), fast food (p < 0.001) and sugar (p = 0.001) intake. Moreover, these children had a significantly decreased BMI (p < 0.001), BMI z-score (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.016) and fat mass (p = 0.011), as well as leptin (p = 0.004). Participants in the control group did not report significant changes in diet quality. In conclusion, ALINFA nutritional intervention is possibly a useful strategy to increase the diet quality in children, which is associated to improvements in the nutritional status. These results highlight the importance of developing well-designed nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Andueza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martin-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, University Campus, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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