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Zeineddin S, Matar G, Abosaif Y, Abunada M, Aldabbour B. A novel pathogenic variant in the KCTD7 gene in a patient with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN14): a case report and review of the literature. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 39350080 PMCID: PMC11441090 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a heterogeneous group of 13 rare, progressive neurodegenerative diseases of the brain and retina. CLN14 is a very rare subtype of NCL caused by pathogenic variants in the KCTD7 gene. Only four cases of this subtype have been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A nine-month-old, previously healthy male who was firstborn to first-cousin parents presented with progressive psychomotor regression, dysmorphic facial features, myoclonus, and vision loss. Neurological examination showed generalized hypotonia and brisk reflexes. He continued to deteriorate until age 18 months, when he developed his first generalized tonic-clonic seizure. An ophthalmological examination showed a hypopigmented fundus and slight temporal disc pallor. Brain MRI showed mild generalized brain atrophy and white matter disease. EEG revealed a severely abnormal trace marked by generalized, high amplitude, sharply contoured, polymorphic delta slowing intermixed with theta slowing and some alpha activity, with disorganized and scattered spikes and sharp waves. The patient continued to have uncontrolled seizures and further psychomotor regression until he died of status epilepticus and pneumonia at the age of 44 months. WES identified a novel homozygous variant c.413T > C, p.(Leu138Pro) in the KCTD7 gene, causing an amino acid transition from leucine to proline at position 138. Both parents were carriers of the same variant. CONCLUSIONS We present the fifth known case of CLN14 in the literature and report the clinical course and a novel underlying likely causative variant in the KCTD7 gene. The improving accessibility and affordability of genetic testing will likely uncover more NCL cases and further expand the disease's genotypic and phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Zeineddin
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Ghadeer Matar
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Yasmin Abosaif
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Mohammed Abunada
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, State of Palestine
| | - Belal Aldabbour
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza, State of Palestine.
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2
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Bellamy KKL, Skedsmo FS, Hultman J, Jansen JH, Lingaas F. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a Schapendoes dog is caused by a missense variant in CLN6. Anim Genet 2024; 55:612-620. [PMID: 38866396 DOI: 10.1111/age.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of neurodegenerative disorders that occur in humans, dogs, and several other species. NCL is characterised clinically by progressive deterioration of cognitive and motor function, epileptic seizures, and visual impairment. Most forms present early in life and eventually lead to premature death. Typical pathological changes include neuronal accumulation of autofluorescent, periodic acid-Schiff- and Sudan black B-positive lipopigments, as well as marked loss of neurons in the central nervous system. Here, we describe a 19-month-old Schapendoes dog, where clinical signs were indicative of lysosomal storage disease, which was corroborated by pathological findings consistent with NCL. Whole genome sequencing of the affected dog and both parents, followed by variant calling and visual inspection of known NCL genes, identified a missense variant in CLN6 (c.386T>C). The variant is located in a highly conserved region of the gene and predicted to be harmful, which supports a causal relationship. The identification of this novel CLN6 variant enables pre-breeding DNA-testing to prevent future cases of NCL6 in the Schapendoes breed, and presents a potential natural model for NCL6 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrik S Skedsmo
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Josefin Hultman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Johan Høgset Jansen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Frode Lingaas
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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3
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Yoganathan S, Whitney R, Thomas M, Danda S, Chettali AM, Prasad AN, Farhan SMK, AlSowat D, Abukhaled M, Aldhalaan H, Gowda VK, Kinhal UV, Bylappa AY, Konanki R, Lingappa L, Parchuri BM, Appendino JP, Scantlebury MH, Cunningham J, Hadjinicolaou A, El Achkar CM, Kamate M, Menon RN, Jose M, Riordan G, Kannan L, Jain V, Manokaran RK, Chau V, Donner EJ, Costain G, Minassian BA, Jain P. KCTD7-related progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Report of 42 cases and review of literature. Epilepsia 2024; 65:709-724. [PMID: 38231304 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE KCTD7-related progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. This study aimed to describe the clinical details and genetic variants in a large international cohort. METHODS Families with molecularly confirmed diagnoses of KCTD7-related PME were identified through international collaboration. Furthermore, a systematic review was done to identify previously reported cases. Salient demographic, epilepsy, treatment, genetic testing, electroencephalographic (EEG), and imaging-related variables were collected and summarized. RESULTS Forty-two patients (36 families) were included. The median age at first seizure was 14 months (interquartile range = 11.75-22.5). Myoclonic seizures were frequently the first seizure type noted (n = 18, 43.9%). EEG and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were variable. Many patients exhibited delayed development with subsequent progressive regression (n = 16, 38.1%). Twenty-one cases with genetic testing available (55%) had previously reported variants in KCTD7, and 17 cases (45%) had novel variants in KCTD7 gene. Six patients died in the cohort (age range = 1.5-21 years). The systematic review identified 23 eligible studies and further identified 59 previously reported cases of KCTD7-related disorders from the literature. The phenotype for the majority of the reported cases was consistent with a PME (n = 52, 88%). Other reported phenotypes in the literature included opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome (n = 2), myoclonus dystonia (n = 2), and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (n = 3). Eight published cases died over time (14%, age range = 3-18 years). SIGNIFICANCE This study cohort and systematic review consolidated the phenotypic spectrum and natural history of KCTD7-related disorders. Early onset drug-resistant epilepsy, relentless neuroregression, and severe neurological sequalae were common. Better understanding of the natural history may help future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Robyn Whitney
- Comprehensive Pediatric Epilepsy Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maya Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumita Danda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Asuri N Prasad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sali M K Farhan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Department of Human Genetics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daad AlSowat
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Neurosciences Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Abukhaled
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Neurosciences Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Neurosciences Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Uddhava V Kinhal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Y Bylappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Konanki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lokesh Lingappa
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rainbow Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Juan P Appendino
- Pediatric Neurology Service, Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessie Cunningham
- Hospital Library and Archives, Learning Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristides Hadjinicolaou
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire) Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christelle Moufawad El Achkar
- Epilepsy Genetics Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahesh Kamate
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KLE (Karnataka Lingayat Education) Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE's Dr Prabhakar Kore (PK) Hospital, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramshekhar N Menon
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Manna Jose
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gillian Riordan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Neoclinic Children's Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Manokaran
- Division of Pediatric neurology, Department of Neurology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vann Chau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Donner
- Epilepsy Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, and Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Puneet Jain
- Epilepsy Program, Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Balasco N, Esposito L, Smaldone G, Salvatore M, Vitagliano L. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Structural Recognition between KCTD Proteins and Cullin 3. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1881. [PMID: 38339159 PMCID: PMC10856315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
KCTD ((K)potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain-containing) proteins constitute an emerging class of proteins involved in fundamental physio-pathological processes. In these proteins, the BTB domain, which represents the defining element of the family, may have the dual role of promoting oligomerization and favoring functionally important partnerships with different interactors. Here, by exploiting the potential of recently developed methodologies for protein structure prediction, we report a comprehensive analysis of the interactions of all KCTD proteins with their most common partner Cullin 3 (Cul3). The data here presented demonstrate the impressive ability of this approach to discriminate between KCTDs that interact with Cul3 and those that do not. Indeed, reliable and stable models of the complexes were only obtained for the 15 members of the family that are known to interact with Cul3. The generation of three-dimensional models for all KCTD-Cul3 complexes provides interesting clues on the determinants of the structural basis of this partnership as clear structural differences emerged between KCTDs that bind or do not bind Cul3. Finally, the availability of accurate three-dimensional models for KCTD-Cul3 interactions may be valuable for the ad hoc design and development of compounds targeting specific KCTDs that are involved in several common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Balasco
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR c/o Department Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Esposito
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | | | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Cameron JM, Ellis CA, Berkovic SF. ILAE Genetics Literacy series: Progressive myoclonus epilepsies. Epileptic Disord 2023; 25:670-680. [PMID: 37616028 PMCID: PMC10947580 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (PME) is a rare epilepsy syndrome characterized by the development of progressively worsening myoclonus, ataxia, and seizures. A molecular diagnosis can now be established in approximately 80% of individuals with PME. Almost fifty genetic causes of PME have now been established, although some remain extremely rare. Herein, we provide a review of clinical phenotypes and genotypes of the more commonly encountered PMEs. Using an illustrative case example, we describe appropriate clinical investigation and therapeutic strategies to guide the management of this often relentlessly progressive and devastating epilepsy syndrome. This manuscript in the Genetic Literacy series maps to Learning Objective 1.2 of the ILAE Curriculum for Epileptology (Epileptic Disord. 2019;21:129).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M. Cameron
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Colin A. Ellis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Samuel F. Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneAustin HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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6
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Bernardi S, Gemignani F, Marchese M. The involvement of Purkinje cells in progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Focus on neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106258. [PMID: 37573956 PMCID: PMC10480493 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs) are a group of rare neurodegenerative diseases characterized by myoclonus, epileptic seizures, and progressive neurological deterioration with cerebellar involvement. They include storage diseases like Gaucher disease, Lafora disease, and forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). To date, 13 NCLs have been reported (CLN1-CLN8, CLN10-CLN14), associated with mutations in different genes. These forms, which affect both children and adults, are characterized by seizures, cognitive and motor impairments, and in most cases visual loss. In NCLs, as in other PMEs, central nervous system (CNS) neurodegeneration is widespread and involves different subpopulations of neurons. One of the most affected regions is the cerebellar cortex, where motor and non-motor information is processed and transmitted to deep cerebellar nuclei through the axons of Purkinje cells (PCs). PCs, being GABAergic, have an inhibitory effect on their target neurons, and provide the only inhibitory output of the cerebellum. Degeneration of PCs has been linked to motor impairments and epileptic seizures. Seizures occur when some insult upsets the normal balance in the CNS between excitatory and inhibitory impulses, causing hyperexcitability. Here we review the role of PCs in epilepsy onset and progression following their PME-related loss. In particular, we focus on the involvement of PCs in seizure phenotype in NCLs, highlighting findings from case reports and studies of animal models in which epilepsy can be linked to PC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernardi
- Department Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Marchese
- Department Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy.
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7
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Liu J, Rahim F, Zhou J, Fan S, Jiang H, Yu C, Chen J, Xu J, Yang G, Shah W, Zubair M, Khan A, Li Y, Shah B, Zhao D, Iqbal F, Jiang X, Guo T, Xu P, Xu B, Wu L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi Q. Loss-of-function variants in KCTD19 cause non-obstructive azoospermia in humans. iScience 2023; 26:107193. [PMID: 37485353 PMCID: PMC10362269 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Azoospermia is a significant cause of male infertility, with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) being the most severe type of spermatogenic failure. NOA is mostly caused by congenital factors, but our understanding of its genetic causes is very limited. Here, we identified a frameshift variant (c.201_202insAC, p.Tyr68Thrfs∗17) and two nonsense variants (c.1897C>T, p.Gln633∗; c.2005C>T, p.Gln669∗) in KCTD19 (potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 19) from two unrelated infertile Chinese men and a consanguineous Pakistani family with three infertile brothers. Testicular histological analyses revealed meiotic metaphase I (MMI) arrest in the affected individuals. Mice modeling KCTD19 variants recapitulated the same MMI arrest phenotype due to severe disrupted individualization of MMI chromosomes. Further analysis showed a complete loss of KCTD19 protein in both Kctd19 mutant mouse testes and affected individual testes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the pathogenicity of the identified KCTD19 variants and highlight an essential role of KCTD19 in MMI chromosome individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianteng Zhou
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Suixing Fan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hanwei Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Changping Yu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jianze Xu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Wasim Shah
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Asad Khan
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Basit Shah
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Daren Zhao
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tonghang Guo
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Hainan Jinghua Hejing Hospital for Reproductive Medicine, Hainan 570125, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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8
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Klein M, Hermey G. Converging links between adult-onset neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease and early life neurodegenerative neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis? Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1463-1471. [PMID: 36571343 PMCID: PMC10075119 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from genetics and from analyzing cellular and animal models have converged to suggest links between neurodegenerative disorders of early and late life. Here, we summarize emerging links between the most common late life neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease, and the most common early life neurodegenerative diseases, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Genetic studies reported an overlap of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and mutations in genes known to cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Accumulating data strongly suggest dysfunction of intracellular trafficking mechanisms and the autophagy-endolysosome system in both types of neurodegenerative disorders. This suggests shared cytopathological processes underlying these different types of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the common mechanisms underlying the different diseases is important as this might lead to the identification of novel targets for therapeutic concepts, the transfer of therapeutic strategies from one disease to the other and therapeutic approaches tailored to patients with specific mutations. Here, we review dysfunctions of the endolysosomal autophagy pathway in Alzheimer's disease and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and summarize emerging etiologic and genetic overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Sharma J, Mulherkar S, Chen UI, Xiong Y, Bajaj L, Cho BK, Goo YA, Leung HCE, Tolias KF, Sardiello M. Calpain activity is negatively regulated by a KCTD7-Cullin-3 complex via non-degradative ubiquitination. Cell Discov 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 36964131 PMCID: PMC10038992 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a class of non-lysosomal cysteine proteases that exert their regulatory functions via limited proteolysis of their substrates. Similar to the lysosomal and proteasomal systems, calpain dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Despite intensive efforts placed on the identification of mechanisms that regulate calpains, however, calpain protein modifications that regulate calpain activity are incompletely understood. Here we show that calpains are regulated by KCTD7, a cytosolic protein of previously uncharacterized function whose pathogenic mutations result in epilepsy, progressive ataxia, and severe neurocognitive deterioration. We show that KCTD7 works in complex with Cullin-3 and Rbx1 to execute atypical, non-degradative ubiquitination of calpains at specific sites (K398 of calpain 1, and K280 and K674 of calpain 2). Experiments based on single-lysine mutants of ubiquitin determined that KCTD7 mediates ubiquitination of calpain 1 via K6-, K27-, K29-, and K63-linked chains, whereas it uses K6-mediated ubiquitination to modify calpain 2. Loss of KCTD7-mediated ubiquitination of calpains led to calpain hyperactivation, aberrant cleavage of downstream targets, and caspase-3 activation. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Kctd7 in mice phenotypically recapitulated human KCTD7 deficiency and resulted in calpain hyperactivation, behavioral impairments, and neurodegeneration. These phenotypes were largely prevented by pharmacological inhibition of calpains, thus demonstrating a major role of calpain dysregulation in KCTD7-associated disease. Finally, we determined that Cullin-3-KCTD7 mediates ubiquitination of all ubiquitous calpains. These results unveil a novel mechanism and potential target to restrain calpain activity in human disease and shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of KCTD7-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaiprakash Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Shalaka Mulherkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uan-I Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lakshya Bajaj
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Byoung-Kyu Cho
- Mass Spectrometry Technology Access Center at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Young Ah Goo
- Mass Spectrometry Technology Access Center at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hon-Chiu Eastwood Leung
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimberley F Tolias
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Refeat MM, Naggar WE, Saied MME, Kilany A. Whole exome screening of neurodevelopmental regression disorders in a cohort of Egyptian patients. Neurogenetics 2023; 24:17-28. [PMID: 36435927 PMCID: PMC9823068 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-022-00703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developmental regression describes a child who begins to lose his previously acquired milestones skills after he has reached a certain developmental stage and though affects his childhood development. It is associated with neurodegenerative diseases including leukodystrophy and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis diseases (NCLs), one of the most frequent childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorders. The current study focused on screening causative genes of developmental regression diseases comprising neurodegenerative disorders in Egyptian patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based analyses as well as developing checklist to support clinicians who are not familiar with these diseases. A total of 763 Egyptian children (1 to 11 years), mainly diagnosed with developmental regression, seizures, or visual impairment, were studied using whole exome sequencing (WES). Among 763 Egyptian children, 726 cases were early clinically and molecularly diagnosed, including 482 cases that had pediatric stroke, congenital infection, and hepatic encephalopathy; meanwhile, 192 had clearly dysmorphic features, 31 showed central nervous system (CNS) malformation, 17 were diagnosed by leukodystrophy, 2 had ataxia telangiectasia, and 2 were diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. The remained 37 out of 763 candidates were suspected with NCLs symptoms; however, 28 were confirmed to be NCLs patients, 1 was Kaya-Barakat-Masson syndrome, 1 was diagnosed as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, and 7 cases required further molecular diagnosis. This study provided an NGS-based approach of the genetic causes of developmental regression and neurodegenerative diseases as it comprised different variants and de novo mutations with complex phenotypes of these diseases which in turn help in early diagnoses and counseling for affected families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miral M. Refeat
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa El Naggar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. El Saied
- Department of Research On Children With Special Needs, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Kilany
- Department of Research On Children With Special Needs, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Progressive myoclonic epilepsies—English Version. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR EPILEPTOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10309-022-00546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Liang JH, Alevy J, Akhanov V, Seo R, Massey CA, Jiang D, Zhou J, Sillitoe RV, Noebels JL, Samuel MA. Kctd7 deficiency induces myoclonic seizures associated with Purkinje cell death and microvascular defects. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049642. [PMID: 35972048 PMCID: PMC9509889 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 7 (KCTD7) gene are associated with a severe neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by childhood onset of progressive and intractable myoclonic seizures accompanied by developmental regression. KCTD7-driven disease is part of a large family of progressive myoclonic epilepsy syndromes displaying a broad spectrum of clinical severity. Animal models of KCTD7-related disease are lacking, and little is known regarding how KCTD7 protein defects lead to epilepsy and cognitive dysfunction. We characterized Kctd7 expression patterns in the mouse brain during development and show that it is selectively enriched in specific regions as the brain matures. We further demonstrate that Kctd7-deficient mice develop seizures and locomotor defects with features similar to those observed in human KCTD7-associated diseases. We also show that Kctd7 is required for Purkinje cell survival in the cerebellum and that selective degeneration of these neurons is accompanied by defects in cerebellar microvascular organization and patterning. Taken together, these results define a new model for KCTD7-associated epilepsy and identify Kctd7 as a modulator of neuron survival and excitability linked to microvascular alterations in vulnerable regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine H. Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Alevy
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Viktor Akhanov
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan Seo
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cory A. Massey
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joy Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute of Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Noebels
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Developmental Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A. Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Cao X, Liu P, Zeng W, Peng R, Shi Q, Feng K, Zhang P, Sun H, Wang C, Wang H. KCTD7 mutations impair the trafficking of lysosomal enzymes through CLN5 accumulation to cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5578. [PMID: 35921411 PMCID: PMC9348797 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are central organelles for cellular degradation and energy metabolism. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of the most common neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders characterized by intracellular accumulation of ceroid in neurons. Mutations in KCTD7, a gene encoding an adaptor of the CUL3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL3) complex, are categorized as a unique NCL subtype. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report various lysosomal and autophagic defects in KCTD7-deficient cells. Mechanistically, the CRL3-KCTD7 complex degrades CLN5, whereas patient-derived KCTD7 mutations disrupt the interaction between KCTD7-CUL3 or KCTD7-CLN5 and ultimately lead to excessive accumulation of CLN5. The accumulated CLN5 disrupts the interaction between CLN6/8 and lysosomal enzymes at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), subsequently impairing ER-to-Golgi trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. Our findings reveal previously unrecognized roles of KCTD7-mediated CLN5 proteolysis in lysosomal homeostasis and demonstrate that KCTD7 and CLN5 are biochemically linked and function in a common neurodegenerative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Cao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Sun
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenji Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Lee J, Xu Y, Ye Y. Safeguarding Lysosomal Homeostasis by DNAJC5/CSPα-Mediated Unconventional Protein Secretion and Endosomal Microautophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906453. [PMID: 35620055 PMCID: PMC9127312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a collection of genetically inherited neurological disorders characterized by vision loss, seizure, brain death, and premature lethality. At the cellular level, a key pathologic hallmark of NCL is the build-up of autofluorescent storage materials (AFSM) in lysosomes of both neurons and non-neuronal cells. Molecular dissection of the genetic lesions underlying NCLs has shed significant insights into how disruption of lysosomal homeostasis may lead to lipofuscin accumulation and NCLs. Intriguingly, recent studies on DNAJC5/CSPα, a membrane associated HSC70 co-chaperone, have unexpectedly linked lipofuscin accumulation to two intimately coupled protein quality control processes at endolysosomes. This review discusses how deregulation of unconventional protein secretion and endosomal microautophagy (eMI) contributes to lipofuscin accumulation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Disruption of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Elevated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Epilepsy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030647. [PMID: 35327449 PMCID: PMC8945847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epilepsies are a broad group of conditions characterized by repeated seizures, and together are one of the most common neurological disorders. Additionally, epilepsy is comorbid with many neurological disorders, including lysosomal storage diseases, syndromic intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Despite the prevalence, treatments are still unsatisfactory: approximately 30% of epileptic patients do not adequately respond to existing therapeutics, which primarily target ion channels. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Disturbed proteostasis is an emerging mechanism in epilepsy, with profound effects on neuronal health and function. Proteostasis, the dynamic balance of protein synthesis and degradation, can be directly disrupted by epilepsy-associated mutations in various components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), or impairments can be secondary to seizure activity or misfolded proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can arise from failed proteostasis and result in neuronal death. In light of this, several treatment modalities that modify components of proteostasis have shown promise in the management of neurological disorders. These include chemical chaperones to assist proper folding of proteins, inhibitors of overly active protein degradation, and enhancers of endogenous proteolytic pathways, such as the UPS. This review summarizes recent work on the pathomechanisms of abnormal protein folding and degradation in epilepsy, as well as treatment developments targeting this area.
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16
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Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM, Thanabalasingam A, Lefrancois S, Cotman SL, Huber RJ. Autophagy in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812728. [PMID: 35252181 PMCID: PMC8888908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also referred to as Batten disease, are a family of neurodegenerative diseases that affect all age groups and ethnicities around the globe. At least a dozen NCL subtypes have been identified that are each linked to a mutation in a distinct ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal (CLN) gene. Mutations in CLN genes cause the accumulation of autofluorescent lipoprotein aggregates, called ceroid lipofuscin, in neurons and other cell types outside the central nervous system. The mechanisms regulating the accumulation of this material are not entirely known. The CLN genes encode cytosolic, lysosomal, and integral membrane proteins that are associated with a variety of cellular processes, and accumulated evidence suggests they participate in shared or convergent biological pathways. Research across a variety of non-mammalian and mammalian model systems clearly supports an effect of CLN gene mutations on autophagy, suggesting that autophagy plays an essential role in the development and progression of the NCLs. In this review, we summarize research linking the autophagy pathway to the NCLs to guide future work that further elucidates the contribution of altered autophagy to NCL pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aruban Thanabalasingam
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur Les Maladies Orphelines–Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J. Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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17
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Storey CL, Williams RSB, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ. Dictyostelium discoideum: A Model System for Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030463. [PMID: 35159273 PMCID: PMC8833889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of neurological disorders is increasing due to population growth and extended life expectancy. Despite advances in the understanding of these disorders, curative strategies for treatment have not yet eventuated. In part, this is due to the complexities of the disorders and a lack of identification of their specific underlying pathologies. Dictyostelium discoideum has provided a useful, simple model to aid in unraveling the complex pathological characteristics of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and lissencephaly. In addition, D. discoideum has proven to be an innovative model for pharmaceutical research in the neurological field. Scope of review: This review describes the contributions of D. discoideum in the field of neurological research. The continued exploration of proteins implicated in neurological disorders in D. discoideum may elucidate their pathological roles and fast-track curative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Storey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Robin Simon Brooke Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK;
| | - Paul Robert Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-394-791-412
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18
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Narayanan DL, Somashekar PH, Majethia P, Shukla A. KCTD7-related progressive myoclonic epilepsy: report of three Indian families and review of literature. Clin Dysmorphol 2022; 31:6-10. [PMID: 34866617 PMCID: PMC8918358 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic 3, with or without intracellular inclusions (MIM# 611726) is a rare autosomal recessive condition associated with pathogenic variants in KCTD7, which encodes the BR-C,ttk and bab/pox virus and zinc finger domain-containing KCTD7 protein. We report four individuals from three Indian families presenting with an initial period of normal development, progressive myoclonic seizures followed by neuroregression and an abnormal electroencephalogram. We identified two novel missense variants, c.458G>C p.(Arg153Pro) and c.205C>G p.(Leu69Val) and one known disease-causing variant, c.280C>T p.(Arg94Trp) in KCTD7 by exome sequencing. We review the literature of 67 individuals with variants in KCTD7. Our study expands the molecular spectrum of KCTD7-related progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Lakshmi Narayanan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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19
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Gardner E, Mole SE. The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Front Neurol 2021; 12:754045. [PMID: 34733232 PMCID: PMC8558747 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.754045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders that affect children and adults. They share some similar clinical features and the accumulation of autofluorescent storage material. Since the discovery of the first causative genes, more than 530 mutations have been identified across 13 genes in cases diagnosed with NCL. These genes encode a variety of proteins whose functions have not been fully defined; most are lysosomal enzymes, or transmembrane proteins of the lysosome or other organelles. Many mutations in these genes are associated with a typical NCL disease phenotype. However, increasing numbers of variant disease phenotypes are being described, affecting age of onset, severity or progression, and including some distinct clinical phenotypes. This data is collated by the NCL Mutation Database which allows analysis from many perspectives. This article will summarise and interpret current knowledge and understanding of their genetic basis and phenotypic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gardner
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Mole
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Morsy A, Carmona AV, Trippier PC. Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Phenotypic Screening in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206235. [PMID: 34684815 PMCID: PMC8538546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Batten disease or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a group of rare, fatal, inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders. Numerous genes (CLN1–CLN8, CLN10–CLN14) were identified in which mutations can lead to NCL; however, the underlying pathophysiology remains elusive. Despite this, the NCLs share some of the same features and symptoms but vary in respect to severity and onset of symptoms by age. Some common symptoms include the progressive loss of vision, mental and motor deterioration, epileptic seizures, premature death, and in the rare adult-onset, dementia. Currently, all forms of NCL are fatal, and no curative treatments are available. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into any cell type of the human body. Cells reprogrammed from a patient have the advantage of acquiring disease pathogenesis along with recapitulation of disease-associated phenotypes. They serve as practical model systems to shed new light on disease mechanisms and provide a phenotypic screening platform to enable drug discovery. Herein, we provide an overview of available iPSC models for a number of different NCLs. More specifically, we highlight findings in these models that may spur target identification and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Angelica V. Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Paul C. Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (A.M.); (A.V.C.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
- Correspondence:
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21
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Binaafar S, Garshasbi M, Tavasoli AR, Badv RS, Hosseiny SMM, Samanta D, Rabbani B, Mahdieh N. Nonsyndromic Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathies: Two Novel KCTD7 Pathogenic Variants and a Literature Review. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:348-357. [PMID: 34469883 DOI: 10.1159/000519318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies (EOEE) affect cognitive, sensory, and motor development. Genetic variations are among the identifiable primary causes of these syndromes. However, some patients have been reported to be affected by EOEE without any other clinical symptoms and signs. We study the genotype and phenotype of patients with nonsyndromic early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (NSEOEE) and report 2 novel patients from Iran. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, John Willy, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases to collect related information of all the previously reported cases with KCTD7 mutations. Fifty-four patients (from 40 families) were investigated. Using trio-whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) and Sanger sequencing, the possible genetic causes of the disorder were checked. The probable impacts of the identified variants on the KCTD7 protein structure and function were predicted. This study provided a detailed overview of all published KCTD7 mutations and 2 de novo ones. We identified 2 novel homozygous variants of uncertain significance, c.458 G > A p. Arg153His and c.529C > T (p.Arg177Cys), in KCTD7 (NM_153033.4) (Chr7(GRCh37)). There is a significant wide distribution of the KCTD7 gene causing NSEOEE among different populations. In conclusion, KCTD7 mutations demonstrate a diverse geographical distribution alongside a wide range of ethnicities. This highlights the importance of careful consideration in the WES data analysis. Mutations of this gene may be a common cause of NSEOEE. Also, this study imprints targeted therapeutic opportunities for potassium channelepsies such as KCTD7-related NSEOEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Binaafar
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shervin Badv
- Children's Hospital Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi Hosseiny
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Debopam Samanta
- Child Neurology Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bahareh Rabbani
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nejat Mahdieh
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Ardiantiono, Sugiyo, Johnson PJ, Lubis MI, Amama F, Sukatmoko, Marthy W, Zimmermann A. Towards coexistence: Can people's attitudes explain their willingness to live with Sumatran elephants in Indonesia? CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ardiantiono
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department University of Oxford, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
| | - Sugiyo
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
| | - Paul J. Johnson
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department University of Oxford, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
| | - Muhammad Irfansyah Lubis
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Fahrul Amama
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
| | - Sukatmoko
- Way Kambas National Park, Jalan Raya Labuhan Ratu Lampung Indonesia
| | - William Marthy
- Wildlife Conservation Society‐Indonesia Program Bogor Indonesia
| | - Alexandra Zimmermann
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Zoology Department University of Oxford, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre Abingdon UK
- Chester Zoo Chester UK
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23
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Singh RB, Gupta P, Kartik A, Farooqui N, Singhal S, Shergill S, Singh KP, Agarwal A. Ocular Manifestations of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses. Semin Ophthalmol 2021; 36:582-595. [PMID: 34106804 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2021.1936571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of rare neurodegenerative storage disorders associated with devastating visual prognosis, with an incidence of 1/1,000,000 in the United States and comparatively higher incidence in European countries. The pathophysiological mechanisms causing NCLs occur due to enzymatic or transmembrane defects in various sub-cellular organelles including lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasmic vesicles. NCLs are categorized into different types depending upon the underlying cause i.e., soluble lysosomal enzyme deficiencies or non-enzymatic deficiencies (functions of identified proteins), which are sub-divided based on an axial classification system. In this review, we have evaluated the current evidence in the literature and reported the incidence rates, underlying mechanisms and currently available management protocols for these rare set of neuroophthalmological disorders. Additionally, we also highlighted the potential therapies under development that can expand the treatment of these rare disorders beyond symptomatic relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bir Singh
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Prakash Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Akash Kartik
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naba Farooqui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sachi Singhal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sukhman Shergill
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kanwar Partap Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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24
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Burke EA, Sturgeon M, Zastrow DB, Fernandez L, Prybol C, Marwaha S, Frothingham EP, Ward PA, Eng CM, Fresard L, Montgomery SB, Enns GM, Fisher PG, Wolfe LA, Harding B, Carrington B, Bishop K, Sood R, Huang Y, Elkahloun A, Toro C, Bassuk AG, Wheeler MT, Markello TC, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV. Compound heterozygous KCTD7 variants in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:74-83. [PMID: 33970744 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1892095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
KCTD7 is a member of the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein family and has been associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME), characterized by myoclonus, epilepsy, and neurological deterioration. Here we report four affected individuals from two unrelated families in which we identified KCTD7 compound heterozygous single nucleotide variants through exome sequencing. RNAseq was used to detect a non-annotated splicing junction created by a synonymous variant in the second family. Whole-cell patch-clamp analysis of neuroblastoma cells overexpressing the patients' variant alleles demonstrated aberrant potassium regulation. While all four patients experienced many of the common clinical features of PME, they also showed variable phenotypes not previously reported, including dysautonomia, brain pathology findings including a significantly reduced thalamus, and the lack of myoclonic seizures. To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of the disorder, zinc finger nucleases were used to generate kctd7 knockout zebrafish. Kctd7 homozygous mutants showed global dysregulation of gene expression and increased transcription of c-fos, which has previously been correlated with seizure activity in animal models. Together these findings expand the known phenotypic spectrum of KCTD7-associated PME, report a new animal model for future studies, and contribute valuable insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Burke
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Sturgeon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Diane B Zastrow
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liliana Fernandez
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Prybol
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shruti Marwaha
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Ward
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laure Fresard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Fisher
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Harding
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine (Neuropathology), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Dudipala SC, M P, Chennadi AK. A Novel Mutation in KCDT7 Gene in an Indian Girl With Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy. Cureus 2021; 13:e13447. [PMID: 33767931 PMCID: PMC7982382 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) is a rare group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by myoclonus, drug refractory epilepsy, and neurological deterioration. Here, we report a three-year-old female patient with neuroregression after a period of normal development and uncontrollable myoclonic seizures, which fulfill the criteria of PME. Next-generation sequencing revealed a novel homozygous mutation of variant c.173G>C in exon 2 of the KCDT7 (potassium channel tetramerization domain containing protein 7) gene that was compatible with the diagnosis of progressive myoclonic epilepsy 3 (PME3) with or without intracellular inclusions. This is a rare report of KCTD7 mutations causing PME in the Indian population. Our findings supported the important role of KCTD7 in PME and broadened the mutation spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chandar Dudipala
- Pediatric Neurology, Star Women & Children Hospital, Karimnagar, IND.,Pediatrics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Prashanthi M
- Pediatrics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
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26
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Iwan K, Clayton R, Mills P, Csanyi B, Gissen P, Mole SE, Palmer DN, Mills K, Heywood WE. Urine proteomics analysis of patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. iScience 2021; 24:102020. [PMID: 33532713 PMCID: PMC7822952 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of 13 rare neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of cellular storage bodies. There are few therapeutic options, and existing tests do not monitor disease progression and treatment response. However, urine biomarkers could address this need. Proteomic analysis of CLN2 patient urine revealed activation of immune response pathways and pathways associated with the unfolded protein response. Analysis of CLN5 and CLN6 sheep model urine showed subtle changes. To confirm and investigate the relevance of candidate biomarkers a targeted LC-MS/MS proteomic assay was created. We applied this assay to additional CLN2 samples as well as other patients with NCL (CLN1, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, and CLN7) and demonstrated that hexosaminidase-A, aspartate aminotransferase-1, and LAMP1 are increased in NCL samples and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-1 was specifically increased in patients with CLN2. These proteins could be used to monitor the effectiveness of future therapies aimed at treating systemic NCL disease. The urine proteome is altered in humans and animals with NCL Hexosaminidase A and LAMP1 are increased in patients with NCL Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 is elevated in CLN2 patients Proteins altered in CLN5 and CLN6 sheep models are not affected in humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Iwan
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Robert Clayton
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sara E Mole
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David N Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, University Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Unit, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases that together represent the most common cause of dementia in children. Phenotypically, patients have visual impairment, cognitive and motor decline, epilepsy, and premature death. A primary challenge is to halt and/or reverse these diseases, towards which developments in potential effective therapies are encouraging. Many treatments, including enzyme replacement therapy (for CLN1 and CLN2 diseases), stem-cell therapy (for CLN1, CLN2, and CLN8 diseases), gene therapy vector (for CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7, CLN10, and CLN11 diseases), and pharmacological drugs (for CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, and CLN6 diseases) have been evaluated for safety and efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Currently, cerliponase alpha for CLN2 disease is the only approved therapy for NCL. Lacking is any study of potential treatments for CLN4, CLN9, CLN12, CLN13 or CLN14 diseases. This review provides an overview of genetics for each CLN disease, and we discuss the current understanding from pre-clinical and clinical study of potential therapeutics. Various therapeutic interventions have been studied in many experimental animal models. Combination of treatments may be useful to slow or even halt disease progression; however, few therapies are unlikely to even partially reverse the disease and a complete reversal is currently improbable. Early diagnosis to allow initiation of therapy, when indicated, during asymptomatic stages is more important than ever.
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28
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Asmar AJ, Beck DB, Werner A. Control of craniofacial and brain development by Cullin3-RING ubiquitin ligases: Lessons from human disease genetics. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112300. [PMID: 32986984 PMCID: PMC10627151 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metazoan development relies on intricate cell differentiation, communication, and migration pathways, which ensure proper formation of specialized cell types, tissues, and organs. These pathways are crucially controlled by ubiquitylation, a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the stability, activity, localization, or interaction landscape of substrate proteins. Specificity of ubiquitylation is ensured by E3 ligases, which bind substrates and co-operate with E1 and E2 enzymes to mediate ubiquitin transfer. Cullin3-RING ligases (CRL3s) are a large class of multi-subunit E3s that have emerged as important regulators of cell differentiation and development. In particular, recent evidence from human disease genetics, animal models, and mechanistic studies have established their involvement in the control of craniofacial and brain development. Here, we summarize regulatory principles of CRL3 assembly, substrate recruitment, and ubiquitylation that allow this class of E3s to fulfill their manifold functions in development. We further review our current mechanistic understanding of how specific CRL3 complexes orchestrate neuroectodermal differentiation and highlight diseases associated with their dysregulation. Based on evidence from human disease genetics, we propose that other unknown CRL3 complexes must help coordinate craniofacial and brain development and discuss how combining emerging strategies from the field of disease gene discovery with biochemical and human pluripotent stem cell approaches will likely facilitate their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Asmar
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David B Beck
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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29
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Teixeira V, Maciel P, Costa V. Leading the way in the nervous system: Lipid Droplets as new players in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158820. [PMID: 33010453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous fat storage organelles composed of a neutral lipid core, comprising triacylglycerols (TAG) and sterol esters (SEs), surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer membrane with several decorating proteins. Recently, LD biology has come to the foreground of research due to their importance for energy homeostasis and cellular stress response. As aberrant LD accumulation and lipid depletion are hallmarks of numerous diseases, addressing LD biogenesis and turnover provides a new framework for understanding disease-related mechanisms. Here we discuss the potential role of LDs in neurodegeneration, while making some predictions on how LD imbalance can contribute to pathophysiology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade of Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Butz ES, Chandrachud U, Mole SE, Cotman SL. Moving towards a new era of genomics in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Kozina AA, Okuneva EG, Baryshnikova NV, Kondakova OB, Nikolaeva EA, Fedoniuk ID, Mikhailova SV, Krasnenko AY, Stetsenko IF, Plotnikov NA, Klimchuk OI, Popov YV, Surkova EI, Shatalov PA, Rakitko AS, Ilinsky VV. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in the Russian population: Two novel mutations and the prevalence of heterozygous carriers. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1228. [PMID: 32412666 PMCID: PMC7336735 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by an accumulation of lipofuscin in the body's tissues. NCLs are associated with variable age of onset and progressive symptoms including seizures, psychomotor decline, and loss of vision. Methods We describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of four Russian patients with NCL (one female and three males, with ages ranging from 4 to 5 years). The clinical features of these patients include cognitive and motor deterioration, seizures, stereotypies, and magnetic resonance imaging signs of brain atrophy. Exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic variants of patients with NCL. Additionally, we tested 6,396 healthy Russians for NCL alleles. Results We identified five distinct mutations in four NCL‐associated genes of which two mutations are novel. These include a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the CLN6 gene, a compound heterozygous missense mutation in the KCTD7 gene, and previously known mutations in KCTD7, TPP1, and MFSD8 genes. Furthermore, we estimated the Russian population carrier frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 13 genes associated with different types of NCL. Conclusion Our study expands the spectrum of mutations in lipofuscinosis. This is the first study to describe the molecular basis of NCLs in Russia and has profound and numerous clinical implications for diagnosis, genetic counseling, genotype–phenotype correlations, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya A Kozina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia V Baryshnikova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga B Kondakova
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric Psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Nikolaeva
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter A Shatalov
- Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia.,Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Rakitko
- Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery V Ilinsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Genotek Ltd., Moscow, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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Bauwens M, Storch S, Weisschuh N, Ceuterick‐de Groote C, De Rycke R, Guillemyn B, De Jaegere S, Coppieters F, Van Coster R, Leroy BP, De Baere E. Functional characterization of novel MFSD8 pathogenic variants anticipates neurological involvement in juvenile isolated maculopathy. Clin Genet 2020; 97:426-436. [PMID: 31721179 PMCID: PMC7064892 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biallelic MFSD8 variants are an established cause of severe late-infantile subtype of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (v-LINCL), a severe lysosomal storage disorder, but have also been associated with nonsyndromic adult-onset maculopathy. Here, we functionally characterized two novel MFSD8 variants found in a child with juvenile isolated maculopathy, in order to establish a refined prognosis. ABCA4 locus resequencing was followed by the analysis of other inherited retinal disease genes by whole exome sequencing (WES). Minigene assays and cDNA sequencing were used to assess the effect of a novel MFSD8 splice variant. MFSD8 expression was quantified with qPCR and overexpression studies were analyzed by immunoblotting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on a skin biopsy and ophthalmological and neurological re-examinations were conducted. WES revealed two novel MFSD8 variants: c.[590del];[439+3A>C] p.[Gly197Valfs*2];[Ile67Glufs*3]. Characterization of the c.439+3A>C variant via splice assays showed exon-skipping (p.Ile67Glufs*3), while overexpression studies of the corresponding protein indicated expression of a truncated polypeptide. In addition, a significantly reduced MFSD8 RNA expression was noted in patient's lymphocytes. TEM of a skin biopsy revealed typical v-LINCL lipopigment inclusions while neurological imaging of the proband displayed subtle cerebellar atrophy. Functional characterization demonstrated the pathogenicity of two novel MFSD8 variants, found in a child with an initial diagnosis of juvenile isolated maculopathy but likely evolving to v-LINCL with a protracted disease course. Our study allowed a refined neurological prognosis in the proband and expands the natural history of MFSD8-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Storch
- Department of Biochemistry, Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Nicole Weisschuh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic ResearchUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | | | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB‐UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging CoreGhentBelgium
| | | | - Sarah De Jaegere
- Center for Medical GeneticsGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | | | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology and MetabolismGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Bart P. Leroy
- Center for Medical GeneticsGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
- Department of OphthalmologyGhent University and Ghent University HospitalGhentBelgium
- Division of Ophthalmology and Center for Cellular & Molecular TherapeuticsThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical GeneticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Center for Medical GeneticsGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
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Lugo M, Wong ZC, Billington CJ, Parrish PCR, Muldoon G, Liu D, Pober BR, Kozel BA. Social, neurodevelopmental, endocrine, and head size differences associated with atypical deletions in Williams-Beuren syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1008-1020. [PMID: 32077592 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a multisystem disorder caused by a hemizygous deletion on 7q11.23 encompassing 26-28 genes. An estimated 2-5% of patients have "atypical" deletions, which extend in the centromeric and/or telomeric direction from the WBS critical region. To elucidate clinical differentiators among these deletion types, we evaluated 10 individuals with atypical deletions in our cohort and 17 individuals with similarly classified deletions previously described in the literature. Larger deletions in either direction often led to more severe developmental delays, while deletions containing MAGI2 were associated with infantile spasms and seizures in patients. In addition, head size was notably smaller in those with centromeric deletions including AUTS2. Because children with atypical deletions were noted to be less socially engaged, we additionally sought to determine how atypical deletions relate to social phenotypes. Using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2, raters scored individuals with atypical deletions as having different social characteristics to those with typical WBS deletions (p = .001), with higher (more impaired) scores for social motivation (p = .005) in the atypical deletion group. In recognizing these distinctions, physicians can better identify patients, including those who may already carry a clinical or FISH WBS diagnosis, who may benefit from additional molecular evaluation, screening, and therapy. In addition to the clinical findings, we note mild endocrine findings distinct from those typically seen in WBS in several patients with telomeric deletions that included POR. Further study in additional telomeric deletion cases will be needed to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lugo
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoë C Wong
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Charles J Billington
- Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine Training Program, National Human Genetics Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Phoebe C R Parrish
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Glennis Muldoon
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Delong Liu
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara R Pober
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beth A Kozel
- Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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34
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Mastrangelo M, Sartori S, Simonati A, Brinciotti M, Moro F, Nosadini M, Pezzini F, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Leuzzi V. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy and ceroidolipofuscinosis 14: The multifaceted phenotypic spectrum of KCTD7-related disorders. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:103591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Rosenberg JB, Chen A, Kaminsky SM, Crystal RG, Sondhi D. Advances in the Treatment of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019; 7:473-500. [PMID: 33365208 PMCID: PMC7755158 DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1684258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) represent a class of neurodegenerative disorders involving defective lysosomal processing enzymes or receptors, leading to lysosomal storage disorders, typically characterized by observation of cognitive and visual impairments, epileptic seizures, ataxia, and deterioration of motor skills. Recent success of a biologic (Brineura®) for the treatment of neurologic manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS) has led to renewed interest in therapeutics for NCL, with the goal of ablating or reversing the impact of these devastating disorders. Despite complex challenges associated with CNS therapy, many treatment modalities have been evaluated, including enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and small molecule pharmacotherapy. Because the clinical endpoints for the evaluation of candidate therapies are complex and often reliant on subjective clinical scales, the development of quantitative biomarkers for NCLs has become an apparent necessity for the validation of potential treatments. We will discuss the latest findings in the search for relevant biomarkers for assessing disease progression. For this review, we will focus primarily on recent pre-clinical and clinical developments for treatments to halt or cure these NCL diseases. Continued development of current therapies and discovery of newer modalities will be essential for successful therapeutics for NCL. AREAS COVERED The reader will be introduced to the NCL subtypes, natural histories, experimental animal models, and biomarkers for NCL progression; challenges and different therapeutic approaches, and the latest pre-clinical and clinical research for therapeutic development for the various NCLs. This review corresponds to the literatures covering the years from 1968 to mid-2019, but primarily addresses pre-clinical and clinical developments for the treatment of NCL disease in the last decade and as a follow-up to our 2013 review of the same topic in this journal. EXPERT OPINION Much progress has been made in the treatment of neurologic diseases, such as the NCLs, including better animal models and improved therapeutics with better survival outcomes. Encouraging results are being reported at symposiums and in the literature, with multiple therapeutics reaching the clinical trial stage for the NCLs. The potential for a cure could be at hand after many years of trial and error in the preclinical studies. The clinical development of enzyme replacement therapy (Brineura® for CLN2), immunosuppression (CellCept® for CLN3), and gene therapy vectors (for CLN1, CLN2, CLN3, and CLN6) are providing encouragement to families that have a child afflicted with NCL. We believe that successful therapies in the future may involve the combination of two or more therapeutic modalities to provide therapeutic benefit especially as the patients grow older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Rosenberg
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alvin Chen
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Stephen M Kaminsky
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dolan Sondhi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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36
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A novel IRF2BPL truncating variant is associated with endolysosomal storage. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:711-714. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Gigliobianco MR, Di Martino P, Deng S, Casadidio C, Censi R. New Advanced Strategies for the Treatment of Lysosomal Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1933-1950. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708213159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs), also known as lysosomal diseases (LDs) are a group of serious genetic diseases characterized by not only the accumulation of non-catabolized compounds in the lysosomes due to the deficiency of specific enzymes which usually eliminate these compounds, but also by trafficking, calcium changes and acidification. LDs mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS), which is difficult to reach for drugs and biological molecules due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). While some therapies have proven highly effective in treating peripheral disorders in LD patients, they fail to overcome the BBB. Researchers have developed many strategies to circumvent this problem, for example, by creating carriers for enzyme delivery, which improve the enzyme’s half-life and the overexpression of receptors and transporters in the luminal or abluminal membranes of the BBB. This review aims to successfully examine the strategies developed during the last decade for the treatment of LDs, which mainly affect the CNS. Among the LD treatments, enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) and gene therapy have proven effective, while nanoparticle, fusion protein, and small molecule-based therapies seem to offer considerable promise to treat the CNS pathology. This work also analyzed the challenges of the study to design new drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of LDs. Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes are explored from their technological point of view and for the most relevant preclinical studies showing that they are excellent choices to protect active molecules and transport them through the BBB to target specific brain substrates for the treatment of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Gigliobianco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Siyuan Deng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Cristina Casadidio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
| | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via A. D'Accoiso, 16, 62032, Camerino MC, Italy
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38
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Smaldone G, Balasco N, Pirone L, Caruso D, Di Gaetano S, Pedone EM, Vitagliano L. Molecular basis of the scalp-ear-nipple syndrome unraveled by the characterization of disease-causing KCTD1 mutants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10519. [PMID: 31324836 PMCID: PMC6642198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The scalp-ear-nipple (SEN) syndrome is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by cutis aplasia of the scalp and malformations of breast, external ears, digits, and nails. Genetic analyses have shown that the disease is caused by missense mutations of the KCTD1 protein, although the functional/structural basis of SEN insurgence is hitherto unknown. With the aim of unravelling the molecular basis of the SEN syndrome associated with KCTD1 mutations we here expressed and characterized several disease causing mutants. A preliminary dissection of the protein provides insights into the role that individual domains play in KCTD1 stability. The characterization of SEN-causing mutants indicates that, although the mutation sites are located in distant regions of the BTB domain or of the pre-BTB region, all of them are unable to interact with the transcription factor AP-2α, a well-known KCTD1 biological partner. Notably, all mutations, including the one located in the pre-BTB region, produce a significant destabilization of the protein. The structural role of the pre-BTB region in KCTD1 and other proteins of the family is corroborated by its sequence conservation in orthologs and paralogs. Interestingly, SEN-causing mutations also favor the tendency of KCTD1 to adopt structural states that are characterized by the ability to bind the β-amyloid fluorescent dye thioflavin T. The formation of aggregation-prone species may have important implications for the disease etiology. Collectively, these findings provide an intriguing picture of the functional and structural alterations induced by KCTD1 mutations that ultimately lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Balasco
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Caruso
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy.,Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Abramo Lincoln 5, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emilia Maria Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Napoli, Italy.
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Teng X, Aouacheria A, Lionnard L, Metz KA, Soane L, Kamiya A, Hardwick JM. KCTD: A new gene family involved in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:887-902. [PMID: 31197948 PMCID: PMC6566181 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular basis for neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorders is not known. In contrast, mechanistic understanding of other brain disorders including neurodegeneration has advanced considerably. Yet, these do not approach the knowledge accrued for many cancers with precision therapeutics acting on well-characterized targets. Although the identification of genes responsible for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders remains a major obstacle, the few causally associated genes are ripe for discovery by focusing efforts to dissect their mechanisms. Here, we make a case for delving into mechanisms of the poorly characterized human KCTD gene family. Varying levels of evidence support their roles in neurocognitive disorders (KCTD3), neurodevelopmental disease (KCTD7), bipolar disorder (KCTD12), autism and schizophrenia (KCTD13), movement disorders (KCTD17), cancer (KCTD11), and obesity (KCTD15). Collective knowledge about these genes adds enhanced value, and critical insights into potential disease mechanisms have come from unexpected sources. Translation of basic research on the KCTD-related yeast protein Whi2 has revealed roles in nutrient signaling to mTORC1 (KCTD11) and an autophagy-lysosome pathway affecting mitochondria (KCTD7). Recent biochemical and structure-based studies (KCTD12, KCTD13, KCTD16) reveal mechanisms of regulating membrane channel activities through modulation of distinct GTPases. We explore how these seemingly varied functions may be disease related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Loïc Lionnard
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Kyle A. Metz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
- Present address:
Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUSA
| | - Lucian Soane
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - J. Marie Hardwick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
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Alevy J, Burger CA, Albrecht NE, Jiang D, Samuel MA. Progressive myoclonic epilepsy-associated gene Kctd7 regulates retinal neurovascular patterning and function. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104486. [PMID: 31175897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuron function relies on and instructs the development and precise organization of neurovascular units that in turn support circuit activity. However, our understanding of the molecular cues that regulate this relationship remains sparse. Using a high-throughput screening pipeline, we recently identified several new regulators of vascular patterning. Among these was the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein 7 (KCTD7). Mutations in KCTD7 are associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy, but how KCTD7 regulates neural development and function remains poorly understood. To begin to identify such mechanisms, we focus on mouse retina, a tractable part of the central nervous system that contains precisely ordered neuron subtypes supported by a trilaminar vascular network. We find that deletion of Kctd7 induces defective patterning of the adult retina vascular network, resulting in increased branching, vessel length, and lacunarity. These alterations reflect early and specific defects in vessel development, as emergence of the superficial and deep vascular layers were delayed. These defects are likely due to a role for Kctd7 in inner retina neurons. Kctd7 is absent from vessels but present in neurons in the inner retina, and its deletion resulted in a corresponding increase in the number of bipolar cells in development and increased vessel branching in adults. These alterations were accompanied by retinal function deficits. Together, these data suggest that neuronal Kctd7 drives growth and patterning of the vasculature and that neurovascular interactions may participate in the pathogenesis of KCTD7-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alevy
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Courtney A Burger
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas E Albrecht
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Danye Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melanie A Samuel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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41
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Exome sequencing identifies compound heterozygous KCTD7 mutations in a girl with progressivemyoclonus epilepsy. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 493:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Zastrow DB, Kohler JN, Bonner D, Reuter CM, Fernandez L, Grove ME, Fisk DG, Yang Y, Eng CM, Ward PA, Bick D, Worthey EA, Fisher PG, Ashley EA, Bernstein JA, Wheeler MT. A toolkit for genetics providers in follow-up of patients with non-diagnostic exome sequencing. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:213-228. [PMID: 30964584 PMCID: PMC7385984 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are approximately 7,000 rare diseases affecting 25-30 million Americans, with 80% estimated to have a genetic basis. This presents a challenge for genetics practitioners to determine appropriate testing, make accurate diagnoses, and conduct up-to-date patient management. Exome sequencing (ES) is a comprehensive diagnostic approach, but only 25%-41% of the patients receive a molecular diagnosis. The remaining three-fifths to three-quarters of patients undergoing ES remain undiagnosed. The Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (CUD), a clinical site of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network, evaluates patients with undiagnosed and rare diseases using a combination of methods including ES. Frequently these patients have non-diagnostic ES results, but strategic follow-up techniques identify diagnoses in a subset. We present techniques used at the CUD that can be adopted by genetics providers in clinical follow-up of cases where ES is non-diagnostic. Solved case examples illustrate different types of non-diagnostic results and the additional techniques that led to a diagnosis. Frequent approaches include segregation analysis, data reanalysis, genome sequencing, additional variant identification, careful phenotype-disease correlation, confirmatory testing, and case matching. We also discuss prioritization of cases for additional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Zastrow
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jennefer N Kohler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Devon Bonner
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Chloe M Reuter
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Liliana Fernandez
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Megan E Grove
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | - Dianna G Fisk
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
| | | | | | | | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | | | - Paul G Fisher
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Clinical Genomics Program, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Mukherjee AB, Appu AP, Sadhukhan T, Casey S, Mondal A, Zhang Z, Bagh MB. Emerging new roles of the lysosome and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:4. [PMID: 30651094 PMCID: PMC6335712 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs), commonly known as Batten disease, constitute a group of the most prevalent neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Mutations in at least 13 different genes (called CLNs) cause various forms of NCLs. Clinically, the NCLs manifest early impairment of vision, progressive decline in cognitive and motor functions, seizures and a shortened lifespan. At the cellular level, all NCLs show intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent material (called ceroid) and progressive neuron loss. Despite intense studies the normal physiological functions of each of the CLN genes remain poorly understood. Consequently, the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies remains challenging. Endolysosomal dysfunction contributes to pathogenesis of virtually all LSDs. Studies within the past decade have drastically changed the notion that the lysosomes are merely the terminal degradative organelles. The emerging new roles of the lysosome include its central role in nutrient-dependent signal transduction regulating metabolism and cellular proliferation or quiescence. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, lysosomal acidification and endosome-lysosome and autophagosome-lysosome fusions. We emphasize the importance of these processes as their dysregulation leads to pathogenesis of many LSDs including the NCLs. We also describe what is currently known about each of the 13 CLN genes and their products and how understanding the emerging new roles of the lysosome may clarify the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the NCLs. Finally, we discuss the current and emerging therapeutic strategies for various NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil B. Mukherjee
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Abhilash P. Appu
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Tamal Sadhukhan
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Sydney Casey
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Avisek Mondal
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
| | - Zhongjian Zhang
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
- Present address: Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 Henan China
| | - Maria B. Bagh
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Program on Endocrinology and Molecular Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830 USA
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Metz KA, Teng X, Coppens I, Lamb HM, Wagner BE, Rosenfeld JA, Chen X, Zhang Y, Kim HJ, Meadow ME, Wang TS, Haberlandt ED, Anderson GW, Leshinsky-Silver E, Bi W, Markello TC, Pratt M, Makhseed N, Garnica A, Danylchuk NR, Burrow TA, Jayakar P, McKnight D, Agadi S, Gbedawo H, Stanley C, Alber M, Prehl I, Peariso K, Ong MT, Mordekar SR, Parker MJ, Crooks D, Agrawal PB, Berry GT, Loddenkemper T, Yang Y, Maegawa GHB, Aouacheria A, Markle JG, Wohlschlegel JA, Hartman AL, Hardwick JM. KCTD7 deficiency defines a distinct neurodegenerative disorder with a conserved autophagy-lysosome defect. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:766-780. [PMID: 30295347 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several small case series identified KCTD7 mutations in patients with a rare autosomal recessive disorder designated progressive myoclonic epilepsy (EPM3) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN14). Despite the name KCTD (potassium channel tetramerization domain), KCTD protein family members lack predicted channel domains. We sought to translate insight gained from yeast studies to uncover disease mechanisms associated with deficiencies in KCTD7 of unknown function. METHODS Novel KCTD7 variants in new and published patients were assessed for disease causality using genetic analyses, cell-based functional assays of patient fibroblasts and knockout yeast, and electron microscopy of patient samples. RESULTS Patients with KCTD7 mutations can exhibit movement disorders or developmental regression before seizure onset, and are distinguished from similar disorders by an earlier age of onset. Although most published KCTD7 patient variants were excluded from a genome sequence database of normal human variations, most newly identified patient variants are present in this database, potentially challenging disease causality. However, genetic analysis and impaired biochemical interactions with cullin 3 support a causal role for patient KCTD7 variants, suggesting deleterious alleles of KCTD7 and other rare disease variants may be underestimated. Both patient-derived fibroblasts and yeast lacking Whi2 with sequence similarity to KCTD7 have impaired autophagy consistent with brain pathology. INTERPRETATION Biallelic KCTD7 mutations define a neurodegenerative disorder with lipofuscin and lipid droplet accumulation but without defining features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis or lysosomal storage disorders. KCTD7 deficiency appears to cause an underlying autophagy-lysosome defect conserved in yeast, thereby assigning a biological role for KCTD7. Ann Neurol 2018;84:774-788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Metz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xinchen Teng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Heather M Lamb
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bart E Wagner
- Histopathology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael E Meadow
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tim Sen Wang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Edda D Haberlandt
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Child and Youth Health, Hospital of Dornbirn, Dornbirn, Austria
| | - Glenn W Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marsha Pratt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Nawal Makhseed
- Department of Pediatrics, Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Al Jahra, Kuwait
| | - Adolfo Garnica
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Noelle R Danylchuk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Thomas A Burrow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Parul Jayakar
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL
| | | | - Satish Agadi
- Department of Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Michael Alber
- Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Katrina Peariso
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Min Tsui Ong
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sheffield Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh R Mordekar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Sheffield Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Crooks
- Department of Neuropathology, Walton Centre National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Gustavo H B Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics/Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- Montpellier Institute of Evolution Sciences, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Janet G Markle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam L Hartman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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45
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Mathavarajah S, O'Day DH, Huber RJ. Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses: Connecting Calcium Signalling through Calmodulin. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110188. [PMID: 30380624 PMCID: PMC6262527 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increased focus on the role of calcium in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs, also known as Batten disease), links between calcium signalling and the proteins associated with the disease remain to be identified. A central protein in calcium signalling is calmodulin (CaM), which regulates many of the same cellular processes affected in the NCLs. In this study, we show that 11 of the 13 NCL proteins contain putative CaM-binding domains (CaMBDs). Many of the missense mutations documented from NCL patients overlap with the predicted CaMBDs and are often key residues of those domains. The two NCL proteins lacking such domains, CLN7 and CLN11, share a commonality in undergoing proteolytic processing by cathepsin L, which contains a putative CaMBD. Since CaM appears to have both direct and indirect roles in the NCLs, targeting it may be a valid therapeutic approach for treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danton H O'Day
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada.
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Oyrer J, Maljevic S, Scheffer IE, Berkovic SF, Petrou S, Reid CA. Ion Channels in Genetic Epilepsy: From Genes and Mechanisms to Disease-Targeted Therapies. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:142-173. [PMID: 29263209 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and serious neurologic disease with a strong genetic component. Genetic studies have identified an increasing collection of disease-causing genes. The impact of these genetic discoveries is wide reaching-from precise diagnosis and classification of syndromes to the discovery and validation of new drug targets and the development of disease-targeted therapeutic strategies. About 25% of genes identified in epilepsy encode ion channels. Much of our understanding of disease mechanisms comes from work focused on this class of protein. In this study, we review the genetic, molecular, and physiologic evidence supporting the pathogenic role of a number of different voltage- and ligand-activated ion channels in genetic epilepsy. We also review proposed disease mechanisms for each ion channel and highlight targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Oyrer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., S.M., I.E.S., S.P., C.A.R.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S., S.F.B.); and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S.)
| | - Snezana Maljevic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., S.M., I.E.S., S.P., C.A.R.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S., S.F.B.); and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S.)
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., S.M., I.E.S., S.P., C.A.R.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S., S.F.B.); and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S.)
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., S.M., I.E.S., S.P., C.A.R.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S., S.F.B.); and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S.)
| | - Steven Petrou
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., S.M., I.E.S., S.P., C.A.R.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S., S.F.B.); and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S.)
| | - Christopher A Reid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia (J.O., S.M., I.E.S., S.P., C.A.R.); Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S., S.F.B.); and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia (I.E.S.)
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47
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Vairo FP, Boczek NJ, Cousin MA, Kaiwar C, Blackburn PR, Conboy E, Lanpher BC, Gavrilova RH, Pichurin PN, Lazaridis KN, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Klee EW. The prevalence of diseases caused by lysosome-related genes in a cohort of undiagnosed patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017; 13:46-51. [PMID: 28831385 PMCID: PMC5554961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal diseases (LD) comprise a group of approximately 60 hereditary conditions caused by progressive accumulation of metabolites due to defects in lysosomal enzymes and degradation pathways, which lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. The estimated combined incidence of LD is between 1 in 4000 to 1 in 13,000 live births, with recent data from pilot newborn screening studies showing even higher incidence. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the classical LD and other diseases caused by lysosome-related genes in our cohort of diagnostic odyssey patients. The Individualized Medicine Clinic at Mayo Clinic is increasingly utilizing whole exome sequencing (WES) to determine the genetic etiology of undiagnosed Mendelian disease. From September 2012 to April 2017, WES results from 350 patients with unexplained symptoms were reviewed. Disease-causing variants were identified in MYO6, CLN6, LRBA, KCTD7, and ARSB revealing a genetic diagnosis of a LD in 8 individuals from 5 families. Based on our findings, lysosome-related disorders may be collectively common, reaching up to 1.5% prevalence in a cohort of patients with undiagnosed diseases presenting to a genetics clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pinto Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicole J. Boczek
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Margot A. Cousin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Charu Kaiwar
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Patrick R. Blackburn
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erin Conboy
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brendan C. Lanpher
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ralitza H. Gavrilova
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pavel N. Pichurin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric W. Klee
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Corresponding author at: 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.200 First Street SWRochesterMN55905USA
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48
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Luo L, Cui J, Feng Z, Li Y, Wang M, Cai Y, Wu Y, Jin J. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of KCTD12 inhibits the proliferation of human uveal melanoma OCM-1 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:871-878. [PMID: 28000887 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 12 (KCTD12, also known as Pfetin) is a member of the KCTD family which consists of 26 members. It has been reported that KCTD12 regulates agonist potency and kinetics of GABAB receptor signaling. Proteomic analysis indicates that KCTD12 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, little has been reported concerning the role of KCTD12 in the other tumor types. In the present study, we designed and subcloned N-terminally Flag-tagged human KCTD12 into the pLVX‑Puro vector. We then generated a human uveal melanoma cell line (OCM-1) stably expressing KCTD12. Using this stable cell line, we performed a series of experiments including colony formation, invasion, migration and wound-healing assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. Based on the experimental results, we first demonstrated that KCTD12 effectively suppressed the proliferation of OCM-1 cells and limited the spread of OCM-1 cells. In the flow cytometric analysis, prolongation of the progression of G2/M to G1 phase in the KCTD12-overexpressing OCM-1 cells was observed. In addition, inhibition of KCTD12-overexpressing OCM-1 cell xenograft growth in nude mice was observed. Taken together, KCTD12 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for patients with uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jizhe Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhitong Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yana Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Mengdi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yazhen Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Jingji Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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49
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Huber RJ. Using the social amoeba Dictyostelium to study the functions of proteins linked to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:83. [PMID: 27881166 PMCID: PMC5122030 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects both children and adults. Thirteen genetically distinct genes have been identified that when mutated, result in abnormal lysosomal function and an excessive accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin in neurons, as well as other cell types outside of the central nervous system. The NCL family of proteins is comprised of lysosomal enzymes (PPT1/CLN1, TPP1/CLN2, CTSD/CLN10, CTSF/CLN13), proteins that peripherally associate with membranes (DNAJC5/CLN4, KCTD7/CLN14), a soluble lysosomal protein (CLN5), a protein present in the secretory pathway (PGRN/CLN11), and several proteins that display different subcellular localizations (CLN3, CLN6, MFSD8/CLN7, CLN8, ATP13A2/CLN12). Unfortunately, the precise functions of many of the NCL proteins are still unclear, which has made targeted therapy development challenging. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has emerged as an excellent model system for studying the normal functions of proteins linked to human neurological disorders. Intriguingly, the genome of this eukaryotic soil microbe encodes homologs of 11 of the 13 known genes linked to NCL. The genetic tractability of the organism, combined with its unique life cycle, makes Dictyostelium an attractive model system for studying the functions of NCL proteins. Moreover, the ability of human NCL proteins to rescue gene-deficiency phenotypes in Dictyostelium suggests that the biological pathways regulating NCL protein function are likely conserved from Dictyostelium to human. In this review, I will discuss each of the NCL homologs in Dictyostelium in turn and describe how future studies can exploit the advantages of the system by testing new hypotheses that may ultimately lead to effective therapy options for this devastating and currently untreatable neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
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50
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Moen MN, Fjær R, Hamdani EH, Laerdahl JK, Menchini RJ, Vigeland MD, Sheng Y, Undlien DE, Hassel B, Salih MA, El Khashab HY, Selmer KK, Chaudhry FA. Pathogenic variants in KCTD7 perturb neuronal K+ fluxes and glutamine transport. Brain 2016; 139:3109-3120. [PMID: 27742667 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive myoclonus epilepsy is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures, ataxia and cognitive decline. We here present two affected brothers. At 9 months of age the elder brother developed ataxia and myoclonic jerks. In his second year he lost the ability to walk and talk, and he developed drug-resistant progressive myoclonus epilepsy. The cerebrospinal fluid level of glutamate was decreased while glutamine was increased. His younger brother manifested similar symptoms from 6 months of age. By exome sequencing of the proband we identified a novel homozygous frameshift variant in the potassium channel tetramerization domain 7 (KCTD7) gene (NM_153033.1:c.696delT: p.F232fs), which results in a truncated protein. The identified F232fs variant is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the healthy consanguineous parents carry the variant in a heterozygous state. Bioinformatic analyses and structure modelling showed that KCTD7 is a highly conserved protein, structurally similar to KCTD5 and several voltage-gated potassium channels, and that it may form homo- or heteromultimers. By heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we demonstrate that wild-type KCTD7 hyperpolarizes cells in a K+ dependent manner and regulates activity of the neuronal glutamine transporter SAT2 (Slc38a2), while the F232fs variant impairs K+ fluxes and obliterates SAT2-dependent glutamine transport. Characterization of four additional disease-causing variants (R94W, R184C, N273I, Y276C) bolster these results and reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of KCTD7-related progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Thus, our data demonstrate that KCTD7 has an impact on K+ fluxes, neurotransmitter synthesis and neuronal function, and that malfunction of the encoded protein may lead to progressive myoclonus epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marivi Nabong Moen
- 1 The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roar Fjær
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - El Hassan Hamdani
- 1 The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon K Laerdahl
- 4 Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,5 Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robin Johansen Menchini
- 1 The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Dehli Vigeland
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ying Sheng
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Erik Undlien
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Hassel
- 6 Department of Complex Neurology and Neurohabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- 7 Division of Paediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Y El Khashab
- 7 Division of Paediatric Neurology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,8 Department of Paediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kaja Kristine Selmer
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway.,9 National Centre for Rare Epilepsy-related Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Farrukh Abbas Chaudhry
- 1 The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway .,3 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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