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Ahlström S, Reiterä P, Jokela R, Olkkola KT, Kaunisto MA, Kalso E. Influence of Clinical and Genetic Factors on Propofol Dose Requirements: A Genome-wide Association Study. Anesthesiology 2024; 141:300-312. [PMID: 38700459 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a widely used intravenous hypnotic. Dosing is based mostly on weight, with great interindividual variation in consumption. Suggested factors affecting propofol requirements include age, sex, ethnicity, anxiety, alcohol consumption, smoking, and concomitant valproate use. Genetic factors have not been widely explored. METHODS This study considered 1,000 women undergoing breast cancer surgery under propofol and remifentanil anesthesia. Depth of anesthesia was monitored with State Entropy (GE Healthcare, Finland). Propofol requirements during surgery were recorded. DNA from blood was genotyped with a genome-wide array. A multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the relevance of clinical variables and select those to be used as covariates in a genome-wide association study. Imputed genotype data were used to explore selected loci further. In silico functional annotation was used to explore possible consequences of the discovered genetic variants. Additionally, previously reported genetic associations from candidate gene studies were tested. RESULTS Body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, remifentanil dose (ln[mg · kg-1 · min-1]), and average State Entropy during surgery remained statistically significant in the multivariable model. Two loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). The most significant associations were for single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs997989 (30 kb from ROBO3), likely affecting expression of another nearby gene, FEZ1, and rs9518419, close to NALCN (sodium leak channel); rs10512538 near KCNJ2 encoding the Kir2.1 potassium channel showed suggestive association (P = 4.7 × 10-7). None of these single-nucleotide polymorphisms are coding variants but possibly affect the regulation of nearby genes. None of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms previously reported as affecting propofol pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics showed association in the data. CONCLUSIONS In this first genome-wide association study exploring propofol requirements, This study discovered novel genetic associations suggesting new biologically relevant pathways for propofol and general anesthesia. The roles of the gene products of ROBO3/FEZ1, NALCN, and KCNJ2 in propofol anesthesia warrant further studies. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirkku Ahlström
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Reiterä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ritva Jokela
- HUS Shared Group Services, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Klaus T Olkkola
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; INDIVIDRUG Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari A Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Kalso
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Follmer ML, Isner T, Ozekin YH, Levitt C, Bates EA. Depolarization induces calcium-dependent BMP4 release from mouse embryonic palate mesenchyme. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598333. [PMID: 38915514 PMCID: PMC11195066 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels are essential for proper morphogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unknown. Loss of the Kcnj2 potassium channel disrupts Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling within the developing palate. BMP signaling is essential for the correct development of several skeletal structures, including the palate, though little is known about the mechanisms that govern BMP secretion. We introduce a tool to image the release of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) from mammalian cells. Using this tool, we show that depolarization induces BMP4 release from mouse embryonic palate mesenchyme cells in a calcium-dependent manner. We show native transient changes in intracellular calcium occur in cranial neural crest cells, the cells from which embryonic palate mesenchyme derives. Waves of transient changes in intracellular calcium suggest that these cells are electrically coupled and may temporally coordinate BMP release. These transient changes in intracellular calcium persist in palate mesenchyme cells from embryonic day (E) 9.5 to 13.5 mice. Disruption of Kcnj2 significantly decreases the amplitude of calcium transients and the ability of cells to secrete BMP. Together, these data suggest that temporal control of developmental cues is regulated by ion channels, depolarization, and changes in intracellular calcium for mammalian craniofacial morphogenesis. SUMMARY We show that embryonic palate mesenchyme cells undergo transient changes in intracellular calcium. Depolarization of these cells induces BMP4 release suggesting that ion channels are a node in BMP4 signaling.
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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Aging as a loss of morphostatic information: A developmental bioelectricity perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102310. [PMID: 38636560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining order at the tissue level is crucial throughout the lifespan, as failure can lead to cancer and an accumulation of molecular and cellular disorders. Perhaps, the most consistent and pervasive result of these failures is aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of function and decline in the ability to maintain anatomical homeostasis and reproduce. This leads to organ malfunction, diseases, and ultimately death. The traditional understanding of aging is that it is caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. In this article, we propose a complementary view of aging from the perspective of endogenous bioelectricity which has not yet been integrated into aging research. We propose a view of aging as a morphostasis defect, a loss of biophysical prepattern information, encoding anatomical setpoints used for dynamic tissue and organ homeostasis. We hypothesize that this is specifically driven by abrogation of the endogenous bioelectric signaling that normally harnesses individual cell behaviors toward the creation and upkeep of complex multicellular structures in vivo. Herein, we first describe bioelectricity as the physiological software of life, and then identify and discuss the links between bioelectricity and life extension strategies and age-related diseases. We develop a bridge between aging and regeneration via bioelectric signaling that suggests a research program for healthful longevity via morphoceuticals. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the homologies between development, aging, cancer and regeneration and how morphoceuticals can be developed for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chen Y, Xia X, Zhang Y, Gao L, He C, Cao J. Case Report: New presentation of CLIFAHDD syndrome with a novel variant in the NALCN gene and a literature review. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1370790. [PMID: 38873579 PMCID: PMC11169720 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1370790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital contractures of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD) syndrome (OMIM #616266) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease that can lead to the congenital contracture of the limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay. In addition, it may result in growth retardation and present various clinical symptoms, such as brain atrophy, a small pituitary gland, musculoskeletal abnormalities, abnormal breathing, abdominal hernia, and abnormal facial features. Herein, we describe a novel de novo missense genetic variant in the sodium leak channel, non-selective (NALCN) gene that is associated with CLIFAHDD syndrome. Case description This study describes a patient with varus deformities in both feet, deviation of the ulnar side of the fingers, and severe hypotonia. This patient was subsequently confirmed to have CLIFAHDD syndrome through genetic testing, which also revealed a novel missense de novo genetic variant in the NALCN gene (c.3553G > A, p.Ala1185Thr). Conclusions Our findings further enrich the known variant spectrum of the NALCN gene and may expand the range of clinical options for treating NALCN-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Schott K, Usher SG, Serra O, Carnevale V, Pless SA, Chua HC. Unplugging lateral fenestrations of NALCN reveals a hidden drug binding site within the pore region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401591121. [PMID: 38787877 PMCID: PMC11145269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401591121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The sodium (Na+) leak channel (NALCN) is a member of the four-domain voltage-gated cation channel family that includes the prototypical voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (NaVs and CaVs, respectively). Unlike NaVs and CaVs, which have four lateral fenestrations that serve as routes for lipophilic compounds to enter the central cavity to modulate channel function, NALCN has bulky residues (W311, L588, M1145, and Y1436) that block these openings. Structural data suggest that occluded fenestrations underlie the pharmacological resistance of NALCN, but functional evidence is lacking. To test this hypothesis, we unplugged the fenestrations of NALCN by substituting the four aforementioned residues with alanine (AAAA) and compared the effects of NaV, CaV, and NALCN blockers on both wild-type (WT) and AAAA channels. Most compounds behaved in a similar manner on both channels, but phenytoin and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) elicited additional, distinct responses on AAAA channels. Further experiments using single alanine mutants revealed that phenytoin and 2-APB enter the inner cavity through distinct fenestrations, implying structural specificity to their modes of access. Using a combination of computational and functional approaches, we identified amino acid residues critical for 2-APB activity, supporting the existence of drug binding site(s) within the pore region. Intrigued by the activity of 2-APB and its analogues, we tested compounds containing the diphenylmethane/amine moiety on WT channels. We identified clinically used drugs that exhibited diverse activity, thus expanding the pharmacological toolbox for NALCN. While the low potencies of active compounds reiterate the pharmacological resistance of NALCN, our findings lay the foundation for rational drug design to develop NALCN modulators with refined properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schott
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Samuel George Usher
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Oscar Serra
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Vincenzo Carnevale
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA19122
| | - Stephan Alexander Pless
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Han Chow Chua
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
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Schott K, Usher SG, Serra O, Carnevale V, Pless SA, Chua HC. Unplugging lateral fenestrations of NALCN reveals a hidden drug binding site within the pore module. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.12.536537. [PMID: 38328210 PMCID: PMC10849497 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.12.536537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The sodium (Na + ) leak channel (NALCN) is a member of the four-domain voltage-gated cation channel family that includes the prototypical voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels (Na V s and Ca V s, respectively). Unlike Na V s and Ca V s, which have four lateral fenestrations that serve as routes for lipophilic compounds to enter the central cavity to modulate channel function, NALCN has bulky residues (W311, L588, M1145 and Y1436) that block these openings. Structural data suggest that oc-cluded lateral fenestrations underlie the pharmacological resistance of NALCN to lipophilic compounds, but functional evidence is lacking. To test this hypothesis, we unplugged the fenestrations of NALCN by substituting the four aforementioned resi-dues with alanine (AAAA) and compared the effects of Na V , Ca V and NALCN block-ers on both wild-type (WT) and AAAA channels. Most compounds behaved in a simi-lar manner on both channels, but phenytoin and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) elicited additional, distinct responses on AAAA channels. Further experiments using single alanine mutants revealed that phenytoin and 2-APB enter the inner cav-ity through distinct fenestrations, implying structural specificity to their modes of ac-cess. Using a combination of computational and functional approaches, we identified amino acid residues critical for 2-APB activity, supporting the existence of drug bind-ing site(s) within the pore region. Intrigued by the activity of 2-APB and its ana-logues, we tested additional compounds containing the diphenylmethane/amine moiety on WT channels. We identified compounds from existing clinically used drugs that exhibited diverse activity, thus expanding the pharmacological toolbox for NALCN. While the low potencies of active compounds reiterate the resistance of NALCN to pharmacological targeting, our findings lay the foundation for rational drug design to develop NALCN modulators with refined properties. Significance statement The sodium leak channel (NALCN) is essential for survival: mutations cause life-threatening developmental disorders in humans. However, no treatment is currently available due to the resistance of NALCN to pharmacological targeting. One likely reason is that the lateral fenestrations, a common route for clinically used drugs to enter and block related ion channels, are occluded in NALCN. Using a combination of computational and functional approaches, we unplugged the fenestrations of NALCN which led us to the first molecularly defined drug binding site within the pore region. Besides that, we also identified additional NALCN modulators from existing clinically used therapeutics, thus expanding the pharmacological toolbox for this leak channel.
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins SP, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. eLife 2024; 12:RP89520. [PMID: 38197879 PMCID: PMC10945507 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN in mice and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Seán P Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Monteil A, Guérineau NC, Gil-Nagel A, Parra-Diaz P, Lory P, Senatore A. New insights into the physiology and pathophysiology of the atypical sodium leak channel NALCN. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:399-472. [PMID: 37615954 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell excitability and its modulation by hormones and neurotransmitters involve the concerted action of a large repertoire of membrane proteins, especially ion channels. Unique complements of coexpressed ion channels are exquisitely balanced against each other in different excitable cell types, establishing distinct electrical properties that are tailored for diverse physiological contributions, and dysfunction of any component may induce a disease state. A crucial parameter controlling cell excitability is the resting membrane potential (RMP) set by extra- and intracellular concentrations of ions, mainly Na+, K+, and Cl-, and their passive permeation across the cell membrane through leak ion channels. Indeed, dysregulation of RMP causes significant effects on cellular excitability. This review describes the molecular and physiological properties of the Na+ leak channel NALCN, which associates with its accessory subunits UNC-79, UNC-80, and NLF-1/FAM155 to conduct depolarizing background Na+ currents in various excitable cell types, especially neurons. Studies of animal models clearly demonstrate that NALCN contributes to fundamental physiological processes in the nervous system including the control of respiratory rhythm, circadian rhythm, sleep, and locomotor behavior. Furthermore, dysfunction of NALCN and its subunits is associated with severe pathological states in humans. The critical involvement of NALCN in physiology is now well established, but its study has been hampered by the lack of specific drugs that can block or agonize NALCN currents in vitro and in vivo. Molecular tools and animal models are now available to accelerate our understanding of how NALCN contributes to key physiological functions and the development of novel therapies for NALCN channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Monteil
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Montpellier, France
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathalie C Guérineau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Gil-Nagel
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Parra-Diaz
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Program, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Lory
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- LabEx "Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics," Montpellier, France
| | - Adriano Senatore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Hao X, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhang D, Ou M, Ke B, Zhu T, Zhou C. The Modulation by Anesthetics and Analgesics of Respiratory Rhythm in the Nervous System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:217-240. [PMID: 37563812 PMCID: PMC10788885 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230810110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic eupneic breathing in mammals depends on the coordinated activities of the neural system that sends cranial and spinal motor outputs to respiratory muscles. These outputs modulate lung ventilation and adjust respiratory airflow, which depends on the upper airway patency and ventilatory musculature. Anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice worldwide. In addition to clinically necessary pharmacological effects, respiratory depression is a critical side effect induced by most general anesthetics. Therefore, understanding how general anesthetics modulate the respiratory system is important for the development of safer general anesthetics. Currently used volatile anesthetics and most intravenous anesthetics induce inhibitory effects on respiratory outputs. Various general anesthetics produce differential effects on respiratory characteristics, including the respiratory rate, tidal volume, airway resistance, and ventilatory response. At the cellular and molecular levels, the mechanisms underlying anesthetic-induced breathing depression mainly include modulation of synaptic transmission of ligand-gated ionotropic receptors (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) and ion channels (e.g., voltage-gated sodium, calcium, and potassium channels, two-pore domain potassium channels, and sodium leak channels), which affect neuronal firing in brainstem respiratory and peripheral chemoreceptor areas. The present review comprehensively summarizes the modulation of the respiratory system by clinically used general anesthetics, including the effects at the molecular, cellular, anatomic, and behavioral levels. Specifically, analgesics, such as opioids, which cause respiratory depression and the "opioid crisis", are discussed. Finally, underlying strategies of respiratory stimulation that target general anesthetics and/or analgesics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaoxin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengchan Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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George LF, Follmer ML, Fontenoy E, Moran HR, Brown JR, Ozekin YH, Bates EA. Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Mediates Drosophila Wing Development. Bioelectricity 2023; 5:290-306. [PMID: 38143873 PMCID: PMC10733776 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The temporal dynamics of morphogen presentation impacts transcriptional responses and tissue patterning. However, the mechanisms controlling morphogen release are far from clear. We found that inwardly rectifying potassium (Irk) channels regulate endogenous transient increases in intracellular calcium and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP/Dpp) release for Drosophila wing development. Inhibition of Irk channels reduces BMP/Dpp signaling, and ultimately disrupts wing morphology. Ion channels impact development of several tissues and organisms in which BMP signaling is essential. In neurons and pancreatic beta cells, Irk channels modulate membrane potential to affect intracellular Ca++ to control secretion of neurotransmitters and insulin. Based on Irk activity in neurons, we hypothesized that electrical activity controls endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca++ release into the cytoplasm to regulate the release of BMP. Materials and Methods To test this hypothesis, we reduced expression of four proteins that control ER calcium, Stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim), Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai), SarcoEndoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA), small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (SK), and Bestrophin 2 (Best2) using RNAi and documented wing phenotypes. We use live imaging to study calcium and Dpp release within pupal wings and larval wing discs. Additionally, we employed immunohistochemistry to characterize Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) phosphorylation downstream of the BMP/Dpp pathway following RNAi knockdown. Results We found that reduced Stim and SERCA function decreases amplitude and frequency of endogenous calcium transients in the wing disc and reduced BMP/Dpp release. Conclusion Our results suggest control of ER calcium homeostasis is required for BMP/Dpp release, and Drosophila wing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mikaela Lynn Follmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Fontenoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hannah Rose Moran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeremy Ryan Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yunus H. Ozekin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Ngodup T, Irie T, Elkins S, Trussell LO. The Na + leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546323. [PMID: 37987013 PMCID: PMC10659375 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown. We generated a glycinergic neuron-specific knockout of the Na+ leak channel NALCN, and found that its presence was required for spontaneous firing in cartwheel cells. Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors inhibited both NALCN and spike generation, and this modulation was absent in the NALCN knockout. Moreover, α2-dependent enhancement of synaptic strength was also absent in the knockout. GABAB receptors mediated inhibition through NALCN as well, acting on the same population of channels as α2 receptors, suggesting close apposition of both receptor subtypes with NALCN. Thus, multiple neuromodulatory systems determine the impact of synaptic inhibition by suppressing the excitatory leak channel, NALCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Ngodup
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Tomohiko Irie
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sean Elkins
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
| | - Laurence O Trussell
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland OR USA
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Blue EE, White JJ, Dush MK, Gordon WW, Wyatt BH, White P, Marvin CT, Helle E, Ojala T, Priest JR, Jenkins MM, Almli LM, Reefhuis J, Pangilinan F, Brody LC, McBride KL, Garg V, Shaw GM, Romitti PA, Nembhard WN, Browne ML, Werler MM, Kay DM, Mital S, Chong JX, Nascone-Yoder NM, Bamshad MJ. Rare variants in CAPN2 increase risk for isolated hypoplastic left heart syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100232. [PMID: 37663545 PMCID: PMC10474499 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart defect (CHD) characterized by hypoplasia of the left ventricle and aorta along with stenosis or atresia of the aortic and mitral valves. HLHS represents only ∼4%-8% of all CHDs but accounts for ∼25% of deaths. HLHS is an isolated defect (i.e., iHLHS) in 70% of families, the vast majority of which are simplex. Despite intense investigation, the genetic basis of iHLHS remains largely unknown. We performed exome sequencing on 331 families with iHLHS aggregated from four independent cohorts. A Mendelian-model-based analysis demonstrated that iHLHS was not due to single, large-effect alleles in genes previously reported to underlie iHLHS or CHD in >90% of families in this cohort. Gene-based association testing identified increased risk for iHLHS associated with variation in CAPN2 (p = 1.8 × 10-5), encoding a protein involved in functional adhesion. Functional validation studies in a vertebrate animal model (Xenopus laevis) confirmed CAPN2 is essential for cardiac ventricle morphogenesis and that in vivo loss of calpain function causes hypoplastic ventricle phenotypes and suggest that human CAPN2707C>T and CAPN21112C>T variants, each found in multiple individuals with iHLHS, are hypomorphic alleles. Collectively, our findings show that iHLHS is typically not a Mendelian condition, demonstrate that CAPN2 variants increase risk of iHLHS, and identify a novel pathway involved in HLHS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael K. Dush
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - William W. Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brent H. Wyatt
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Peter White
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colby T. Marvin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emmi Helle
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Ojala
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James R. Priest
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary M. Jenkins
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lynn M. Almli
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence C. Brody
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gary M. Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul A. Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Marilyn L. Browne
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Martha M. Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise M. Kay
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - National Birth Defects Prevention Study
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Invitae, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- New Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Genetics and Environment Interaction Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seema Mital
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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13
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Okubo Y, Shibuya M, Nakamura H, Kawashima A, Kodama K, Endo W, Inui T, Togashi N, Aihara Y, Shirota M, Funayama R, Niihori T, Fujita A, Nakayama K, Aoki Y, Matsumoto N, Kure S, Kikuchi A, Haginoya K. Neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with movement disorders and arthrogryposis: A case report with a novel missense variant of SCN1A. Brain Dev 2023; 45:505-511. [PMID: 37442734 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Variants of SCN1A represent the archetypal channelopathy associated with several epilepsy syndromes. The clinical phenotypes have recently expanded from Dravet syndrome. CASE REPORT: We present a female patient with the de novo SCN1A missense variant, c.5340G > A (p. Met1780Ile). The patient had various clinical features with neonatal onset SCN1A epileptic encephalopathy, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, thoracic hypoplasia, thoracic scoliosis, and hyperekplexia. CONCLUSION: Our findings are compatible with neonatal developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with movement disorders and arthrogryposis; the most severe phenotype probably caused by gain-of-function variant of SCN1A. The efficacy of sodium channel blocker was also discussed. Further exploration of the phenotype-genotype relationship of SCN1A variants may lead to better pharmacological treatments and family guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimune Okubo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan.
| | - Moriei Shibuya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Aritomo Kawashima
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Kaori Kodama
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Wakaba Endo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Takehiko Inui
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Noriko Togashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan
| | - Yu Aihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai 989-3126, Japan.
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14
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Bayat A, Liu Z, Luo S, Fenger CD, Højte AF, Isidor B, Cogne B, Larson A, Zanus C, Faletra F, Keren B, Musante L, Gourfinkel-An I, Perrine C, Demily C, Lesca G, Liao W, Ren D. A new neurodevelopmental disorder linked to heterozygous variants in UNC79. Genet Med 2023; 25:100894. [PMID: 37183800 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The "NALCN channelosome" is an ion channel complex that consists of multiple proteins, including NALCN, UNC79, UNC80, and FAM155A. Only a small number of individuals with a neurodevelopmental syndrome have been reported with disease causing variants in NALCN and UNC80. However, no pathogenic UNC79 variants have been reported, and in vivo function of UNC79 in humans is largely unknown. METHODS We used international gene-matching efforts to identify patients harboring ultrarare heterozygous loss-of-function UNC79 variants and no other putative responsible genes. We used genetic manipulations in Drosophila and mice to test potential causal relationships between UNC79 variants and the pathology. RESULTS We found 6 unrelated and affected patients with UNC79 variants. Five patients presented with overlapping neurodevelopmental features, including mild to moderate intellectual disability and a mild developmental delay, whereas a single patient reportedly had normal cognitive and motor development but was diagnosed with epilepsy and autistic features. All displayed behavioral issues and 4 patients had epilepsy. Drosophila with UNC79 knocked down displayed induced seizure-like phenotype. Mice with a heterozygous loss-of-function variant have a developmental delay in body weight compared with wild type. In addition, they have impaired ability in learning and memory. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that heterozygous loss-of-function UNC79 variants are associated with neurologic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Bayat
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christina D Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark; Amplexa Genetics A/S, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne F Højte
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Department of Genetics, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- Department of Genetics, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; University of Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Austin Larson
- University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Caterina Zanus
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Neurology, Epileptology Unit, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Sorbonne University, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Luciana Musante
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabelle Gourfinkel-An
- Department of Neurology, Epileptology Unit, Reference Center for Rare Epilepsies, Sorbonne University, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Charles Perrine
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, University of Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- GénoPsy, Reference Center for Diagnosis and Management of Genetic Psychiatric Disorders, Vinatier Hospital Center and EDR-Psy Team (National Center for Scientific Research and Lyon 1 Claude Bernard University), Lyon, France; iMIND Excellence Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Lyon, France
| | - Gaeton Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Weiping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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15
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Engel C, Valence S, Delplancq G, Maroofian R, Accogli A, Agolini E, Alkuraya FS, Baglioni V, Bagnasco I, Becmeur-Lefebvre M, Bertini E, Borggraefe I, Brischoux-Boucher E, Bruel AL, Brusco A, Bubshait DK, Cabrol C, Cilio MR, Cornet MC, Coubes C, Danhaive O, Delague V, Denommé-Pichon AS, Di Giacomo MC, Doco-Fenzy M, Engels H, Cremer K, Gérard M, Gleeson JG, Heron D, Goffeney J, Guimier A, Harms FL, Houlden H, Iacomino M, Kaiyrzhanov R, Kamien B, Karimiani EG, Kraus D, Kuentz P, Kutsche K, Lederer D, Massingham L, Mignot C, Morris-Rosendahl D, Nagarajan L, Odent S, Ormières C, Partlow JN, Pasquier L, Penney L, Philippe C, Piccolo G, Poulton C, Putoux A, Rio M, Rougeot C, Salpietro V, Scheffer I, Schneider A, Srivastava S, Straussberg R, Striano P, Valente EM, Venot P, Villard L, Vitobello A, Wagner J, Wagner M, Zaki MS, Zara F, Lesca G, Yassaee VR, Miryounesi M, Hashemi-Gorji F, Beiraghi M, Ashrafzadeh F, Galehdari H, Walsh C, Novelli A, Tacke M, Sadykova D, Maidyrov Y, Koneev K, Shashkin C, Capra V, Zamani M, Van Maldergem L, Burglen L, Piard J. BRAT1-related disorders: phenotypic spectrum and phenotype-genotype correlations from 97 patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1023-1031. [PMID: 37344571 PMCID: PMC10474045 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BRAT1 biallelic variants are associated with rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome, lethal neonatal (RMFSL), and neurodevelopmental disorder associating cerebellar atrophy with or without seizures syndrome (NEDCAS). To date, forty individuals have been reported in the literature. We collected clinical and molecular data from 57 additional cases allowing us to study a large cohort of 97 individuals and draw phenotype-genotype correlations. Fifty-nine individuals presented with BRAT1-related RMFSL phenotype. Most of them had no psychomotor acquisition (100%), epilepsy (100%), microcephaly (91%), limb rigidity (93%), and died prematurely (93%). Thirty-eight individuals presented a non-lethal phenotype of BRAT1-related NEDCAS phenotype. Seventy-six percent of the patients in this group were able to walk and 68% were able to say at least a few words. Most of them had cerebellar ataxia (82%), axial hypotonia (79%) and cerebellar atrophy (100%). Genotype-phenotype correlations in our cohort revealed that biallelic nonsense, frameshift or inframe deletion/insertion variants result in the severe BRAT1-related RMFSL phenotype (46/46; 100%). In contrast, genotypes with at least one missense were more likely associated with NEDCAS (28/34; 82%). The phenotype of patients carrying splice variants was variable: 41% presented with RMFSL (7/17) and 59% with NEDCAS (10/17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Engel
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - Stéphanie Valence
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Delplancq
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Baglioni
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Bagnasco
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Epilepsy Center for Children, Martini Hospital, 10141, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingo Borggraefe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, University of Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Elise Brischoux-Boucher
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Dalal K Bubshait
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christelle Cabrol
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Maria Roberta Cilio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Coralie Cornet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, Saint-Luc university Hospital, and Institut of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Valérie Delague
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics Center, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Marilena Carmela Di Giacomo
- Medical Genetics Service and Laboratory of Cytogenetics, SIC Anatomia Patologica, "San Carlo" Hospital, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- CHU Reims, Service de Génétique, Reims, France
- CHU de Nantes, service de génétique médicale, Nantes, France
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kirsten Cremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Gérard
- Clinical Genetics, Côte de Nacre University Hospital Center, Caen, France
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- University of California San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Delphine Heron
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Goffeney
- Service de neuropédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Anne Guimier
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Institut Imagine et Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Kamien
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Dror Kraus
- Department of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Paul Kuentz
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Oncobiologie Génétique Bioinformatique, PCBio, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Damien Lederer
- Institute for Pathology and Genetics, 6040, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Lauren Massingham
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cyril Mignot
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière/Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Déborah Morris-Rosendahl
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lakshmi Nagarajan
- Department of Neurology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares" (CRDI), Centre Référence Anomalies du développement (CLAD-Ouest), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Clothilde Ormières
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Institut Imagine et Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Neil Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Référence "Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares" (CRDI), Centre Référence Anomalies du développement (CLAD-Ouest), CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Lynette Penney
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christophe Philippe
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Cathryn Poulton
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Bron, France
- Équipe GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marlène Rio
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Institut Imagine et Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Ingrid Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Royal Children's Hospital, Florey Institute and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Straussberg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Perrine Venot
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Institut Alix de Champagne, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Villard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics Center, MMG, Marseille, France
- Département de Génétique Médicale, AP-HM, Hôpital d'Enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
- Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Johanna Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, University of Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Matias Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, University of Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Federizo Zara
- IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Bron, France
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (PGNM, UCBL - CNRS UMR5261 - INSERM U1315), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Vahid Reza Yassaee
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hashemi-Gorji
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Beiraghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Christopher Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Moritz Tacke
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics, University of Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Yerdan Maidyrov
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University Almaty, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Kairgali Koneev
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Chingiz Shashkin
- Department of Neurology, The International Institute of Postraduate Education, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Valeria Capra
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Instituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de Référence des Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Département de Génétique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Piard
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- UMR 1231 GAD, Inserm, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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Hashemi B, Huntsman RJ, Li H, Zhang D, Xi Y. New presentation of CLIFAHDD syndrome with a novel variant in NALCN gene: A report of a rare case. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7647. [PMID: 37469362 PMCID: PMC10352546 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Congenital Contractures of Limbs and Face, Hypotonia, and Developmental Delay (CLIFAHDD) syndrome is a recently described type of distal arthrogryposis which unlike other subtypes is associated with developmental delay and various neurologic presentation. Epilepsy and ataxia have been reported. We add paroxysmal dyskinesia to the clinical spectrum. Understanding the molecular mechanism can help developing targeted therapy in future. Abstract This study resulted in identification of a novel variant in NALCN gene leading to autosomal dominant CLIFAHDD syndrome. Our patient presented with a form of nonepileptic paroxysmal dyskinesia. This is a new phenotype that has not been described previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical GeneticsUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Richard J. Huntsman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeurologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and SciencesSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and SciencesSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
- Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, College of Arts and SciencesSaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Yanwei Xi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genomics LaboratoryUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
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Nayak SS, Harkness R, Shukla A, Banka S, Newman WG, Girisha KM. Clinically diverse and perinatally lethal syndromes with urorectal septum malformation sequence. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:730-741. [PMID: 36478354 PMCID: PMC7615864 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies of the urogenital system, hindgut and perineum. It is presumed to be a constellation of an embryonic defect. Herein, we analyzed the clinically diverse syndromes associated with URSMS in our perinatal evaluation unit. We reviewed fetuses with URSMS in referrals for perinatal autopsy over a period of 3 years. Chromosomal microarray and genome sequencing were performed whenever feasible. Literature was reviewed for syndromes or malformations with URSMS. We ascertained URSMS in 12 of the 215 (5%) fetuses. Nine fetuses (75%) had complete URSMS and remainder had partial/intermediate URSMS. Eleven fetuses had malformations of other systems that included: cerebral ventriculomegaly; right aortic arch with double outlet right ventricle; microcephaly with fetal akinesia deformation sequence; ventricular septal defect and radial ray anomaly; thoraco-abdominoschisis and limb defects; myelomeningocele; spina bifida and fused iliac bones; omphalocele; occipital encephalocele; lower limb amelia and cleft foot. We report on six fetuses with recurrent and five fetuses with unique malformations/patterns where URSMS is a component. Exome sequencing (one family) and genome sequencing (eight families) were performed and were nondiagnostic. Additionally, we review the literature for genetic basis of this condition. URMS is a clinically heterogeneous condition and is a component of several multiple malformation syndromes. We describe several unique and recurrent malformations associated with URSMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini S. Nayak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Robert Harkness
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William G. Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Katta M. Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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18
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Dhakshinya M, Veeraraghavan VP, Gayathri R, Kavitha S. Awareness about Patterson syndrome among dental students. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S392-S396. [PMID: 36798544 PMCID: PMC9926614 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_382_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim is to create awareness about Patterson syndrome among dental students. Patterson-Stevenson-Fontaine syndrome is a very rare condition marked by irregular facial bone and tissue growth (mandibulofacial dysostosis) as well as limb abnormalities. A recessed jaw (retrognathism), cleft palate, and external ear defects are all possible symptoms of this disorder. A total of 112 undergraduate dental students participated in a longitudinal cross-sectional sample. To assess college students' awareness about Patterson syndrome, a self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire was developed and distributed. The only language allowed was English. The results were analyzed in SPSS software version 23. 10.71% of females and 14.29% of males were aware about Patterson syndrome. 32.14% of females and 38.39% of males were aware that Patterson syndrome was a rare adrenal disorder. We can conclude that very few of the population which was only 25% of the dental students were aware about Patterson syndrome and this survey helped in creating awareness about this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dhakshinya
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - R. Gayathri
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kavitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Hopkins CE, Brock T, Caulfield TR, Bainbridge M. Phenotypic screening models for rapid diagnosis of genetic variants and discovery of personalized therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 91:101153. [PMID: 36411139 PMCID: PMC10073243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine strives for highly individualized treatments for disease under the notion that each individual's unique genetic makeup and environmental exposures imprints upon them not only a disposition to illness, but also an optimal therapeutic approach. In the realm of rare disorders, genetic predisposition is often the predominant mechanism driving disease presentation. For such, mostly, monogenic disorders, a causal gene to phenotype association is likely. As a result, it becomes important to query the patient's genome for the presence of pathogenic variations that are likely to cause the disease. Determining whether a variant is pathogenic or not is critical to these analyses and can be challenging, as many disease-causing variants are novel and, ergo, have no available functional data to help categorize them. This problem is exacerbated by the need for rapid evaluation of pathogenicity, since many genetic diseases present in young children who will experience increased morbidity and mortality without rapid diagnosis and therapeutics. Here, we discuss the utility of animal models, with a focus mainly on C. elegans, as a contrast to tissue culture and in silico approaches, with emphasis on how these systems are used in determining pathogenicity of variants with uncertain significance and then used to screen for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas R Caulfield
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Computational Biology, Department of Clinical Genomics, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Wang T, Kim CN, Bakken TE, Gillentine MA, Henning B, Mao Y, Gilissen C, Nowakowski TJ, Eichler EE. Integrated gene analyses of de novo variants from 46,612 trios with autism and developmental disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203491119. [PMID: 36350923 PMCID: PMC9674258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203491119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most genetic studies consider autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental disorder (DD) separately despite overwhelming comorbidity and shared genetic etiology. Here, we analyzed de novo variants (DNVs) from 15,560 ASD (6,557 from SPARK) and 31,052 DD trios independently and also combined as broader neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) using three models. We identify 615 NDD candidate genes (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) supported by ≥1 models, including 138 reaching Bonferroni exome-wide significance (P < 3.64e-7) in all models. The genes group into five functional networks associating with different brain developmental lineages based on single-cell nuclei transcriptomic data. We find no evidence for ASD-specific genes in contrast to 18 genes significantly enriched for DD. There are 53 genes that show mutational bias, including enrichments for missense (n = 41) or truncating (n = 12) DNVs. We also find 10 genes with evidence of male- or female-bias enrichment, including 4 X chromosome genes with significant female burden (DDX3X, MECP2, WDR45, and HDAC8). This large-scale integrative analysis identifies candidates and functional subsets of NDD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Wang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China & National Health Commission of China, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chang N. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | | | - Madelyn A. Gillentine
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Barbara Henning
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yafei Mao
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tomasz J. Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
- HHMI, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Maselli K, Park H, Breilyn MS, Arens R. Severe central sleep apnea in a child with biallelic variants in NALCN. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:2507-2513. [PMID: 35808948 PMCID: PMC9516572 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The sodium leak channel, nonselective (NALCN), is necessary for the proper function of the neurons that play an important role in the sleep-wake cycle and regulation of breathing patterns during wakefulness and sleep. We report a 38-month-old male with developmental delay, hypotonia, and severe central sleep apnea with periodic breathing requiring noninvasive ventilation during sleep, who was found to have novel biallelic pathogenic variants in NALCN. A review of the literature illustrates 17 additional children with biallelic variants in the NALCN gene. The clinical and sleep manifestations of these children are discussed. CITATION Maselli K, Park H, Breilyn MS, Arens R. Severe central sleep apnea in a child with biallelic variants in NALCN. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(10):2507-2513.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Maselli
- Sleep Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Hyunbin Park
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Margo Sheck Breilyn
- Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Raanan Arens
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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22
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Singh P, Agrawal N, Maurya RK, Moirangthem A. Novel variant c.1838A>G, p.(Gln613Arg) in NALCNcauses camptodactyly and cognitive delay. Clin Dysmorphol 2022; 31:206-210. [PMID: 36094358 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parshw Singh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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23
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Kang Y, Chen L. Structure and mechanism of NALCN-FAM155A-UNC79-UNC80 channel complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2639. [PMID: 35550517 PMCID: PMC9098444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents and is important for maintaining proper resting membrane potential. NALCN and FAM155A form the core complex of the channel, the activity of which essentially depends on the presence of both UNC79 and UNC80, two auxiliary proteins. NALCN, FAM155A, UNC79, and UNC80 co-assemble into a large hetero-tetrameric channel complex. Genetic mutations of NALCN channel components lead to neurodevelopmental diseases. However, the structure and mechanism of the intact channel complex remain elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the mammalian NALCN-FAM155A-UNC79-UNC80 quaternary complex. The structure shows that UNC79-UNC80 form a large piler-shaped heterodimer which was tethered to the intracellular side of the NALCN channel through tripartite interactions with the cytoplasmic loops of NALCN. Two interactions are essential for proper cell surface localization of NALCN. The other interaction relieves the self-inhibition of NALCN by pulling the auto-inhibitory CTD Interacting Helix (CIH) out of its binding site. Our work defines the structural mechanism of NALCN modulation by UNC79 and UNC80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking. University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, 100871, China.,National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking. University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, 100871, China. .,National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Abstract
NALCN regulates the resting membrane potential by mediating the Na+ leak current in neurons, and it functions as a channelosome in complex with FAM155A, UNC79, and UNC80. Dysfunction of the NALCN channelosome causes a broad range of neurological and developmental diseases called NALCN channelopathies in humans. How the auxiliary subunits, especially the two large components UNC79 and UNC80, assemble with NALCN and regulate its function remains unclear. Here we report an overall architecture of the human NALCN channelosome. UNC79 and UNC80 each adopt an S-shape super-helical structure consisting of HEAT and armadillo repeats, forming a super-coiled heterodimeric assembly in the cytoplasmic side, which may provide a scaffold for the binding of other potential modulators of the channelosome. The UNC79-UNC80 assembly specifically associates with the NALCN-FAM155A subcomplex through the intracellular II-III linker of NALCN. Disruptions of the interaction interfaces between UNC79 and UNC80, and between the II-III linker of NALCN and the UNC79-UNC80 assembly, significantly reduce the NALCN-mediated currents in HEK293T system, suggesting the importance of the UNC79-UNC80 assembly in regulating channelosome function. Cross-linking mass spectrometry analysis identified an additional calmodulin (CaM) bound in the carboxyl-terminal domain of NALCN. Our study thus provides a structural basis for understanding the unique assembly mechanism and functional regulation of the NALCN channelosome, and also provides an opportunity for the interpretation of many disease-related mutations in UNC80.
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Study of paediatric patients with the clinical and biochemical phenotype of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 37:91-100. [PMID: 35279228 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome may present a range of phenotypes, including epilepsy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. The majority of patients present low CSF glucose levels and/or defects in the SLC2A1 gene; however, some patients do not present low CSF glucose or SLC2A1 mutations, and may have other mutations in other genes with compatible phenotypes. AIMS We describe the clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of the disease and perform a univariate analysis of a group of patients with clinical and biochemical phenotype of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, with or without SLC2A1 mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 13 patients meeting clinical and biochemical criteria for GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. SLC2A1 sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were performed; exome sequencing was performed for patients with negative results. RESULTS Six patients presented the classic phenotype; 2 paroxysmal dyskinesia, 2 complex movement disorders, 2 early-onset absence seizures, and one presented drug-resistant childhood absence epilepsy. Six patients were positive for SLC2A1 mutations; in the other 5, another genetic defect was identified. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups for age of onset, clinical presentation, microcephaly, intellectual disability, or response to ketogenic diet. Patients with SLC2A1 mutations presented more clinical changes in relation to diet (66.7%, vs 28.6% in the SLC2A1-negative group) and greater persistence of motor symptoms (66% vs 28.6%); these differences were not statistically significant. Significant differences were observed for CSF glucose level (34.5 vs 46mg/dL, P=.04) and CSF/serum glucose ratio (0.4 vs 0.48, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS GLUT1 deficiency syndrome may be caused by mutations to genes other than SLC2A1 in patients with compatible phenotype, low CSF glucose level, and good response to the ketogenic diet.
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George LF, Bates EA. Mechanisms Underlying Influence of Bioelectricity in Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:772230. [PMID: 35237593 PMCID: PMC8883286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.772230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To execute the intricate process of development, cells coordinate across tissues and organs to determine where each cell divides and differentiates. This coordination requires complex communication between cells. Growing evidence suggests that bioelectrical signals controlled via ion channels contribute to cell communication during development. Ion channels collectively regulate the transmembrane potential of cells, and their function plays a conserved role in the development of organisms from flies to humans. Spontaneous calcium oscillations can be found in nearly every cell type and tissue, and disruption of these oscillations leads to defects in development. However, the mechanism by which bioelectricity regulates development is still unclear. Ion channels play essential roles in the processes of cell death, proliferation, migration, and in each of the major canonical developmental signaling pathways. Previous reviews focus on evidence for one potential mechanism by which bioelectricity affects morphogenesis, but there is evidence that supports multiple different mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. Evidence supports bioelectricity contributing to development through multiple different mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for the importance of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and provide a comprehensive review of the evidence for several potential mechanisms by which ion channels may act in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Jiménez Legido M, Cortés Ledesma C, Bernardino Cuesta B, López Marín L, Cantarín Extremera V, Pérez-Cerdá C, Pérez González B, López Martín E, González Gutiérrez-Solana L. Study of paediatric patients with the clinical and biochemical phenotype of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. Neurologia 2022; 37:91-100. [PMID: 31047728 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) deficiency syndrome may present a range of phenotypes, including epilepsy, intellectual disability, and movement disorders. The majority of patients present low CSF glucose levels and/or defects in the SLC2A1 gene; however, some patients do not present low CSF glucose or SLC2A1 mutations, and may have other mutations in other genes with compatible phenotypes. AIMS We describe the clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of the disease and perform a univariate analysis of a group of patients with clinical and biochemical phenotype of GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, with or without SLC2A1 mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 13 patients meeting clinical and biochemical criteria for GLUT1 deficiency syndrome. SLC2A1 sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were performed; exome sequencing was performed for patients with negative results. RESULTS Six patients presented the classic phenotype; 2 paroxysmal dyskinesia, 2 complex movement disorders, 2 early-onset absence seizures, and one presented drug-resistant childhood absence epilepsy. Six patients were positive for SLC2A1 mutations; in the other 5, another genetic defect was identified. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups for age of onset, clinical presentation, microcephaly, intellectual disability, or response to ketogenic diet. Patients with SLC2A1 mutations presented more clinical changes in relation to diet (66.7% vs. 28.6% in the SLC2A1-negative group) and greater persistence of motor symptoms (66% vs. 28.6%); these differences were not statistically significant. Significant differences were observed for CSF glucose level (34.5 vs. 46mg/dL, P=.04) and CSF/serum glucose ratio (0.4 vs. 0.48, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS GLUT1 deficiency syndrome may be caused by mutations to genes other than SLC2A1 in patients with compatible phenotype, low CSF glucose level, and good response to the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jiménez Legido
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España.
| | - C Cortés Ledesma
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - B Bernardino Cuesta
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España
| | - L López Marín
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España; Grupo Clínico Vinculado a CIBERER (GCV6)
| | - V Cantarín Extremera
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España; Grupo Clínico Vinculado a CIBERER (GCV6)
| | - C Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, España
| | - B Pérez González
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, España
| | - E López Martín
- Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER) & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - L González Gutiérrez-Solana
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, España; Grupo Clínico Vinculado a CIBERER (GCV6)
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Winczewska-Wiktor A, Hirschfeld AS, Badura-Stronka M, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Sobkowiak P, Bartkowska-Śniatkowska A, Babak V, Steinborn B. Central Apneas Due to the CLIFAHDD Syndrome Successfully Treated with Pyridostigmine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020775. [PMID: 35055596 PMCID: PMC8776169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
NALCN mutations lead to complex neurodevelopmental syndromes, including infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF) and congenital contractures of limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD), which are recessively and dominantly inherited, respectively. We present a patient in whom congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) was suspected due to the occurrence of hypotonia and apnea episodes requiring resuscitation. For this reason, treatment with pyridostigmine was introduced. After starting the treatment, a significant improvement was observed in reducing the apnea episodes and slight psychomotor progress. In the course of further diagnostics, CMS was excluded, and CLIFAHDD syndrome was confirmed. Thus, we try to explain a possible mechanism of clinical improvement after the introduction of treatment with pyridostigmine in a patient with a mutation in the NALCN gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Winczewska-Wiktor
- Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Adam Sebastian Hirschfeld
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (M.B.-S.); (V.B.)
| | - Magdalena Badura-Stronka
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (M.B.-S.); (V.B.)
- Centers of Medical Genetics GENESIS, 60-529 Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (I.W.-B.); (P.S.)
| | - Paulina Sobkowiak
- Department of Pulmonology, Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland; (I.W.-B.); (P.S.)
| | - Alicja Bartkowska-Śniatkowska
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Valeriia Babak
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-352 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.H.); (M.B.-S.); (V.B.)
| | - Barbara Steinborn
- Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Kumaki T, Enomoto Y, Aida N, Goto T, Kurosawa K. Progression of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy in congenital contractures of limbs and face, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14734. [PMID: 34714572 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Kumaki
- Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohide Goto
- Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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30
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Impheng H, Lemmers C, Bouasse M, Legros C, Pakaprot N, Guérineau NC, Lory P, Monteil A. The sodium leak channel NALCN regulates cell excitability of pituitary endocrine cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21400. [PMID: 33793981 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000841rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anterior pituitary endocrine cells that release hormones such as growth hormone and prolactin are excitable and fire action potentials. In these cells, several studies previously showed that extracellular sodium (Na+ ) removal resulted in a negative shift of the resting membrane potential (RMP) and a subsequent inhibition of the spontaneous firing of action potentials, suggesting the contribution of a Na+ background conductance. Here, we show that the Na+ leak channel NALCN conducts a Ca2+ - Gd3+ -sensitive and TTX-resistant Na+ background conductance in the GH3 cell line, a cell model of pituitary endocrine cells. NALCN knockdown hyperpolarized the RMP, altered GH3 cell electrical properties and inhibited prolactin secretion. Conversely, the overexpression of NALCN depolarized the RMP, also reshaping the electrical properties of GH3 cells. Overall, our results indicate that NALCN is functional in GH3 cells and involved in endocrine cell excitability as well as in hormone secretion. Indeed, the GH3 cell line suitably models native pituitary cells that display a similar Na+ background conductance and appears as a proper cellular model to study the role of NALCN in cellular excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathaichanok Impheng
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Lemmers
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,PVM, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Malik Bouasse
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Legros
- MITOVASC Institute, UMR CNRS 6015 - UMR INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Narawut Pakaprot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathalie C Guérineau
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France.,PVM, BCM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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31
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Audain E, Wilsdon A, Breckpot J, Izarzugaza JMG, Fitzgerald TW, Kahlert AK, Sifrim A, Wünnemann F, Perez-Riverol Y, Abdul-Khaliq H, Bak M, Bassett AS, Benson WD, Berger F, Daehnert I, Devriendt K, Dittrich S, Daubeney PEF, Garg V, Hackmann K, Hoff K, Hofmann P, Dombrowsky G, Pickardt T, Bauer U, Keavney BD, Klaassen S, Kramer HH, Marshall CR, Milewicz DM, Lemaire S, Coselli JS, Mitchell ME, Tomita-Mitchell A, Prakash SK, Stamm K, Stewart AFR, Silversides CK, Siebert R, Stiller B, Rosenfeld JA, Vater I, Postma AV, Caliebe A, Brook JD, Andelfinger G, Hurles ME, Thienpont B, Larsen LA, Hitz MP. Integrative analysis of genomic variants reveals new associations of candidate haploinsufficient genes with congenital heart disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009679. [PMID: 34324492 PMCID: PMC8354477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic studies have established a role for rare genomic variants in Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) at the copy number variation (CNV) and de novo variant (DNV) level. To identify novel haploinsufficient CHD disease genes, we performed an integrative analysis of CNVs and DNVs identified in probands with CHD including cases with sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm. We assembled CNV data from 7,958 cases and 14,082 controls and performed a gene-wise analysis of the burden of rare genomic deletions in cases versus controls. In addition, we performed variation rate testing for DNVs identified in 2,489 parent-offspring trios. Our analysis revealed 21 genes which were significantly affected by rare CNVs and/or DNVs in probands. Fourteen of these genes have previously been associated with CHD while the remaining genes (FEZ1, MYO16, ARID1B, NALCN, WAC, KDM5B and WHSC1) have only been associated in small cases series or show new associations with CHD. In addition, a systems level analysis revealed affected protein-protein interaction networks involved in Notch signaling pathway, heart morphogenesis, DNA repair and cilia/centrosome function. Taken together, this approach highlights the importance of re-analyzing existing datasets to strengthen disease association and identify novel disease genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Audain
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Centre for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tomas W. Fitzgerald
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Karin Kahlert
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yasset Perez-Riverol
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hashim Abdul-Khaliq
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology—University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Mads Bak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Woodrow D. Benson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Felix Berger
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease—Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Daehnert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Centre for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piers EF Daubeney
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vidu Garg
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kirstin Hoff
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Hofmann
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Dombrowsky
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Pickardt
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bauer
- Competence Network for Congenital Heart Defects, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard D. Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Klaassen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Heiner Kramer
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dianna M. Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott Lemaire
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph S. Coselli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Siddharth K. Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karl Stamm
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexandre F. R. Stewart
- Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Candice K. Silversides
- Toronto Congenital Cardiac Centre for Adults, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Stiller
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart Center Freiburg—Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Inga Vater
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - Alex V. Postma
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
| | - J. David Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Justine Research Centre, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Matthew E. Hurles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Thienpont
- Centre for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars Allan Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc-Phillip Hitz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Kiel, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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32
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Harvey S, King MD, Gorman KM. Paroxysmal Movement Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:659064. [PMID: 34177764 PMCID: PMC8232056 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal movement disorders (PxMDs) are a clinical and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders characterized by episodic involuntary movements (dystonia, dyskinesia, chorea and/or ataxia). Historically, PxMDs were classified clinically (triggers and characteristics of the movements) and this directed single-gene testing. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS), how we classify and investigate PxMDs has been transformed. Next-generation sequencing has enabled new gene discovery (RHOBTB2, TBC1D24), expansion of phenotypes in known PxMDs genes and a better understanding of disease mechanisms. However, PxMDs exhibit phenotypic pleiotropy and genetic heterogeneity, making it challenging to predict genotype based on the clinical phenotype. For example, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is most commonly associated with variants in PRRT2 but also variants identified in PNKD, SCN8A, and SCL2A1. There are no radiological or biochemical biomarkers to differentiate genetic causes. Even with NGS, diagnosis rates are variable, ranging from 11 to 51% depending on the cohort studied and technology employed. Thus, a large proportion of patients remain undiagnosed compared to other neurological disorders such as epilepsy, highlighting the need for further genomic research in PxMDs. Whole-genome sequencing, deep-sequencing, copy number variant analysis, detection of deep-intronic variants, mosaicism and repeat expansions, will improve diagnostic rates. Identifying the underlying genetic cause has a significant impact on patient care, modification of treatment, long-term prognostication and genetic counseling. This paper provides an update on the genetics of PxMDs, description of PxMDs classified according to causative gene rather than clinical phenotype, highlighting key clinical features and providing an algorithm for genetic testing of PxMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Harvey
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary D King
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathleen M Gorman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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33
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Na + leak-current channel (NALCN) at the junction of motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:749-762. [PMID: 33961117 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating movement disorder often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms that stem from the loss of dopaminergic function in the basal ganglia and altered neurotransmission more generally. Akinesia, postural instability, tremors and frozen gait constitute the major motor disturbances, whereas neuropsychiatric symptoms include altered circadian rhythms, disordered sleep, depression, psychosis and cognitive impairment. Evidence is emerging that the motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms may share etiologic factors. Calcium/ion channels (CACNA1C, NALCN), synaptic proteins (SYNJ1) and neuronal RNA-binding proteins (RBFOX1) are among the risk genes that are common to PD and various psychiatric disorders. The Na+ leak-current channel (NALCN) is the focus of this review because it has been implicated in dystonia, regulation of movement, cognitive impairment, sleep and circadian rhythms. It regulates the resting membrane potential in neurons, mediates pace-making activity, participates in synaptic vesicle recycling and is functionally co-localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-several of the major processes adversely affected in PD. Here, we summarize the literature on mechanisms and pathways that connect the motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms of PD with a focus on recurring relationships to the NALCN. It is hoped that the various connections outlined here will stimulate further discussion, suggest additional areas for exploration and ultimately inspire novel treatment strategies.
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Laquerriere A, Jaber D, Abiusi E, Maluenda J, Mejlachowicz D, Vivanti A, Dieterich K, Stoeva R, Quevarec L, Nolent F, Biancalana V, Latour P, Sternberg D, Capri Y, Verloes A, Bessieres B, Loeuillet L, Attie-Bitach T, Martinovic J, Blesson S, Petit F, Beneteau C, Whalen S, Marguet F, Bouligand J, Héron D, Viot G, Amiel J, Amram D, Bellesme C, Bucourt M, Faivre L, Jouk PS, Khung S, Sigaudy S, Delezoide AL, Goldenberg A, Jacquemont ML, Lambert L, Layet V, Lyonnet S, Munnich A, Van Maldergem L, Piard J, Guimiot F, Landrieu P, Letard P, Pelluard F, Perrin L, Saint-Frison MH, Topaloglu H, Trestard L, Vincent-Delorme C, Amthor H, Barnerias C, Benachi A, Bieth E, Boucher E, Cormier-Daire V, Delahaye-Duriez A, Desguerre I, Eymard B, Francannet C, Grotto S, Lacombe D, Laffargue F, Legendre M, Martin-Coignard D, Mégarbané A, Mercier S, Nizon M, Rigonnot L, Prieur F, Quélin C, Ranjatoelina-Randrianaivo H, Resta N, Toutain A, Verhelst H, Vincent M, Colin E, Fallet-Bianco C, Granier M, Grigorescu R, Saada J, Gonzales M, Guiochon-Mantel A, Bessereau JL, Tawk M, Gut I, Gitiaux C, Melki J. Phenotypic spectrum and genomics of undiagnosed arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. J Med Genet 2021; 59:559-567. [PMID: 33820833 PMCID: PMC9132874 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is characterised by congenital joint contractures in two or more body areas. AMC exhibits wide phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Our goals were to improve the genetic diagnosis rates of AMC, to evaluate the added value of whole exome sequencing (WES) compared with targeted exome sequencing (TES) and to identify new genes in 315 unrelated undiagnosed AMC families. METHODS Several genomic approaches were used including genetic mapping of disease loci in multiplex or consanguineous families, TES then WES. Sanger sequencing was performed to identify or validate variants. RESULTS We achieved disease gene identification in 52.7% of AMC index patients including nine recently identified genes (CNTNAP1, MAGEL2, ADGRG6, ADCY6, GLDN, LGI4, LMOD3, UNC50 and SCN1A). Moreover, we identified pathogenic variants in ASXL3 and STAC3 expanding the phenotypes associated with these genes. The most frequent cause of AMC was a primary involvement of skeletal muscle (40%) followed by brain (22%). The most frequent mode of inheritance is autosomal recessive (66.3% of patients). In sporadic patients born to non-consanguineous parents (n=60), de novo dominant autosomal or X linked variants were observed in 30 of them (50%). CONCLUSION New genes recently identified in AMC represent 21% of causing genes in our cohort. A high proportion of de novo variants were observed indicating that this mechanism plays a prominent part in this developmental disease. Our data showed the added value of WES when compared with TES due to the larger clinical spectrum of some disease genes than initially described and the identification of novel genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Laquerriere
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dana Jaber
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Emanuela Abiusi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico and Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Jérome Maluenda
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Dan Mejlachowicz
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Alexandre Vivanti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Radka Stoeva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, Le Mans Hospital, Le Mans, France
| | - Loic Quevarec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Flora Nolent
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Valerie Biancalana
- Laboratoire Diagnostic Génétique, CHRU, Strasbourg; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Centre de Biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Damien Sternberg
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique et Centre de Génétique, APHP. Sorbonne Université, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière; Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Département de Génétique, Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Département de Génétique, Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Bettina Bessieres
- Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Loeuillet
- Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, APHP, Clamart, France
| | - Sophie Blesson
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Service de Génétique Clinique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- UF de Génétique clinique et Centre de Référence Maladies Rares des Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, APHP. Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Florent Marguet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245; Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Jerome Bouligand
- Laboratoire de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Inserm UMR_S 1185, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- Département de Génétique, APHP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière et Trousseau, PARIS, France
| | - Géraldine Viot
- Unité de Génétique, Clinique de la Muette, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de référence pour les maladies osseuses constitutionnelles APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Université de Paris, UMR1163, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Amram
- Unité de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Céline Bellesme
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, APHP-Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Martine Bucourt
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie, et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Jean Verdier, APHP, Bondy, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon; UMR-Inserm 1231 GAD team, Génétique des Anomalies du développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Suonavy Khung
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Fœtopathologie, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré; Inserm UMR 1141, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Timone Enfant, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Lise Delezoide
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Fœtopathologie, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré; Inserm UMR 1141, Paris, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Line Jacquemont
- UF de Génétique Médicale, CHU la Réunion, site GHSR, Ile de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Valérie Layet
- Consultations de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Le Havre, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris; Fédération de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris; Fédération de Génétique Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Juliette Piard
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Fœtopathologie, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré; Inserm UMR 1141, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Landrieu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, APHP-Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pascaline Letard
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie, et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Jean Verdier, APHP, Bondy, France
| | - Fanny Pelluard
- UMR U1053, INSERM et Université de Bordeaux; Unité de fœtopathologie, Service de pathologie, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Perrin
- Département de Génétique, Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Saint-Frison
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Fœtopathologie, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré; Inserm UMR 1141, Paris, France
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Yeditepe University Deparment of Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Helge Amthor
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Pediatric Department, University Hospital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Christine Barnerias
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, CR Neuromusculaire Necker, Hôpital Necker- Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.,Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Eric Bieth
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Elise Boucher
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de référence pour les maladies osseuses constitutionnelles APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades; Université de Paris, UMR1163, INSERM, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Andrée Delahaye-Duriez
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie, et Cytogénétique, Hôpital Jean Verdier, APHP, Bondy, France.,Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, CR Neuromusculaire Necker, Hôpital Necker- Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Eymard
- Sorbonne Université, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine Francannet
- Service de génétique médicale et centre de référence des anomalies du développement et des déficits intellectuels rares, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah Grotto
- Maternité Port-Royal, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Laffargue
- Service de génétique médicale et centre de référence des anomalies du développement et des déficits intellectuels rares, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Legendre
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - André Mégarbané
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Ghagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luc Rigonnot
- Service de gynécologie obstétrique, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil Essonnes, France
| | - Fabienne Prieur
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CLAD Ouest, CHU Rennes, F-35033 RENNES, France
| | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Annick Toutain
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tours; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Helene Verhelst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Michèle Granier
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil Essonnes, France
| | - Romulus Grigorescu
- Unité de Génétique du Développement fœtal, Département de Génétique et Embryologie médicales, CHU Paris Est, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Julien Saada
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Marie Gonzales
- Unité d'Embryofoetopathologie, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anne Guiochon-Mantel
- Laboratoire de Génétique moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Inserm UMR_S 1185, Faculté de médecine Paris Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bessereau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U 1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Lyon, France
| | - Marcel Tawk
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Judith Melki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France .,Unité de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs d'Île-de-France, APHP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Srivastava P, Kane A, Harrison C, Levin M. A Meta-Analysis of Bioelectric Data in Cancer, Embryogenesis, and Regeneration. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:42-67. [PMID: 34476377 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental bioelectricity is the study of the endogenous role of bioelectrical signaling in all cell types. Resting potentials and other aspects of ionic cell physiology are known to be important regulatory parameters in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. However, relevant quantitative measurement and genetic phenotyping data are distributed throughout wide-ranging literature, hampering experimental design and hypothesis generation. Here, we analyze published studies on bioelectrics and transcriptomic and genomic/phenotypic databases to provide a novel synthesis of what is known in three important aspects of bioelectrics research. First, we provide a comprehensive list of channelopathies-ion channel and pump gene mutations-in a range of important model systems with developmental patterning phenotypes, illustrating the breadth of channel types, tissues, and phyla (including man) in which bioelectric signaling is a critical endogenous aspect of embryogenesis. Second, we perform a novel bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic data during regeneration in diverse taxa that reveals an electrogenic protein to be the one common factor specifically expressed in regeneration blastemas across Kingdoms. Finally, we analyze data on distinct Vmem signatures in normal and cancer cells, revealing a specific bioelectrical signature corresponding to some types of malignancies. These analyses shed light on fundamental questions in developmental bioelectricity and suggest new avenues for research in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Srivastava
- Rye High School, Rye, New York, USA; Current Affiliation: College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Harrison
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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Kang Y, Wu JX, Chen L. Structure of voltage-modulated sodium-selective NALCN-FAM155A channel complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6199. [PMID: 33273469 PMCID: PMC7712781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting membrane potential determines the excitability of the cell and is essential for the cellular electrical activities. The NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents, which positively adjust resting membrane potential towards depolarization. The NALCN channel is involved in several neurological processes and has been implicated in a spectrum of neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of rat NALCN and mouse FAM155A complex to 2.7 Å resolution. The structure reveals detailed interactions between NALCN and the extracellular cysteine-rich domain of FAM155A. We find that the non-canonical architecture of NALCN selectivity filter dictates its sodium selectivity and calcium block, and that the asymmetric arrangement of two functional voltage sensors confers the modulation by membrane potential. Moreover, mutations associated with human diseases map to the domain-domain interfaces or the pore domain of NALCN, intuitively suggesting their pathological mechanisms. The NALCN channel mediates sodium leak currents, which in turn adjusts resting membrane potential and neuronal excitability. Here the authors describe a cryo-EM structure of mammalian NALCN-FAM155A channel complex, showing how selectivity filter contributes to sodium permeation and calcium block and how the voltage sensors contribute to current modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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Xie J, Ke M, Xu L, Lin S, Huang J, Zhang J, Yang F, Wu J, Yan Z. Structure of the human sodium leak channel NALCN in complex with FAM155A. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5831. [PMID: 33203861 PMCID: PMC7672056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NALCN, a sodium leak channel expressed mainly in the central nervous system, is responsible for the resting Na+ permeability that controls neuronal excitability. Dysfunctions of the NALCN channelosome, NALCN with several auxiliary subunits, are associated with a variety of human diseases. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of human NALCN in complex with FAM155A at an overall resolution of 3.1 angstroms. FAM155A forms extensive interactions with the extracellular loops of NALCN that may help stabilize NALCN in the membrane. A Na+ ion-binding site, reminiscent of a Ca2+ binding site in Cav channels, is identified in the unique EEKE selectivity filter. Despite its 'leaky' nature, the channel is closed and the intracellular gate is sealed by S6I, II-III linker and III-IV linker. Our study establishes the molecular basis of Na+ permeation and voltage sensitivity, and provides important clues to the mechanistic understanding of NALCN regulation and NALCN channelosome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Ke
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhen Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Findings, Phenotypes, Diagnostic Accuracy, and Treatment in Freeman-Burian Syndrome. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:1063-1069. [PMID: 32149971 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Freeman-Burian syndrome (FBS) is a rare congenital myopathic craniofacial syndrome. Since publication of the genotype-correlated clinical diagnostic criteria, no complete survey of the literature has been accomplished. As part of the clinical practice guideline development, we evaluate diagnostic accuracy for FBS from 1938 to 2019 and range of findings, complications, treatments, and outcomes. Published manuscripts in PubMed, Google Scholar, and OMIM describing cases with a reported diagnosis of FBS, Sheldon-Hall syndrome, and distal arthrogryposes type 1 and 3 are initially included. Articles with sufficient case-level data for diagnosis verification are analyzed further. Of 724 unique papers considered, 188 papers describing 304 unique patients are included; 101 papers and 119 patients reflect an FBS diagnosis, with 80 patients meeting the full diagnostic criteria. Most cases are re-screened as distal arthrogryposis type 1. Among all cases re-screened as FBS, the presence of FBS pathognomonic craniofacial findings is not correlated with other physical findings. There are no significant differences between patients meeting the full diagnostic criteria and those not, but both are distinct from other diagnoses. Plastic surgery demonstrates the highest cumulative diagnostic accuracy for FBS overall (86.66%), while orthopedic surgery shows the lowest (44.83%). No statistically usable treatment-related or psychosocial data are available. Quality of case reports and patient data vary widely, reducing the statistical strength and significance. Major knowledge gaps exist in treatment, psychosocial, and longitudinal outcomes. At this point, it is impossible to derive clinical practice guidelines exclusively from the literature.
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Jaber D, Gitiaux C, Blesson S, Marguet F, Buard D, Varela Salgado M, Kaminska A, Saada J, Fallet-Bianco C, Martinovic J, Laquerriere A, Melki J. De novo mutations of SCN1A are responsible for arthrogryposis broadening the SCN1A-related phenotypes. J Med Genet 2020; 58:737-742. [PMID: 32928894 PMCID: PMC8551978 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is the direct consequence of reduced fetal movements. AMC includes a large spectrum of diseases which result from variants in genes encoding components required for the formation or the function of the neuromuscular system. AMC may also result from central nervous involvement. SCN1A encodes Nav1.1, a critical component of voltage-dependent sodium channels which underlie action potential generation and propagation. Variants of SCN1A are known to be responsible for Dravet syndrome, a severe early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. We report pathogenic heterozygous missense de novo variants in SCN1A in three unrelated individuals with AMC. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed from DNA of the index case of AMC families. Heterozygous missense variants in SCN1A (p.Leu893Phe, p.Ala989Thr, p.Ile236Thr) were identified in three patients. Sanger sequencing confirmed the variants and showed that they occurred de novo. RESULTS AMC was diagnosed from the second trimester of pregnancy in the three patients. One of them developed drug-resistant epileptic seizures from birth. We showed that SCN1A is expressed in both brain and spinal cord but not in skeletal muscle during human development. The lack of motor denervation as established by electromyographic studies or pathological examination of the spinal cord or skeletal muscle in the affected individuals suggests that AMC is caused by brain involvement. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that SCN1A variants are responsible for early-onset motor defect leading to AMC indicating a critical role of SCN1A in prenatal motor development and broadening the phenotypic spectrum of variants in SCN1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jaber
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Service de Neurophysiologie Clinique, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Sophie Blesson
- Service de Génétique, Unité de Génétique Clinique, CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, 37044, France
| | - Florent Marguet
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, CHU de Rouen and Normandie Univ, Rouen, 76000, France.,INSERM, Laboratoire NeoVasc ERI28, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - David Buard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Maritzaida Varela Salgado
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, France
| | - Anna Kaminska
- Neurophysiology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Julien Saada
- Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, 92140, France
| | - Catherine Fallet-Bianco
- Département de Pathologie, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Unité de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clamart, 92140, France
| | - Annie Laquerriere
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, CHU de Rouen and Normandie Univ, Rouen, 76000, France.,INSERM, Laboratoire NeoVasc ERI28, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Judith Melki
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR-1195, Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, France .,Unité de Génétique Médicale, Centre de référence des anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs d'Île-de-France, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, 94276, France
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Poling MI, Dufresne CR, McCormick RJ. Identification and Recent Approaches for Evaluation and Management of Rehabilitation Concerns for Patients with Freeman-Burian Syndrome: Principles for Global Treatment. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 9:158-163. [PMID: 32714615 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Freeman-Burian syndrome, formerly Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, is a rare congenital complex myopathic craniofacial syndrome that frequently involves extremity joint deformities, abnormal spinal curvatures, and chest wall mechanical problems that, together with spinal deformities, impair pulmonary function. As part of a clinical practice guideline development, we evaluated 19 rehabilitation-related articles from our formal systematic review, and from these and our experience, we describe rehabilitation considerations. Research in this area has widespread methodologic problems. While many challenges are present, much can be done to afford these patients a good quality of life through careful planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig R Dufresne
- Private Practice, Fairfax, Virginia, United States.,Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Rodger J McCormick
- Department of Applied Physiology, FSRG deGruyter-McKusick Institute of Health Sciences, Buckhannon, West Virginia, United States
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Wie J, Bharthur A, Wolfgang M, Narayanan V, Ramsey K, Aranda K, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Ren D. Intellectual disability-associated UNC80 mutations reveal inter-subunit interaction and dendritic function of the NALCN channel complex. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3351. [PMID: 32620897 PMCID: PMC7335163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium-leak channel NALCN forms a subthreshold sodium conductance that controls the resting membrane potentials of neurons. The auxiliary subunits of the channel and their functions in mammals are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that two large proteins UNC80 and UNC79 are subunits of the NALCN complex. UNC80 knockout mice are neonatal lethal. The C-terminus of UNC80 contains a domain that interacts with UNC79 and overcomes a soma-retention signal to achieve dendritic localization. UNC80 lacking this domain, as found in human patients, still supports whole-cell NALCN currents but lacks dendritic localization. Our results establish the subunit composition of the NALCN complex, uncover the inter-subunit interaction domains, reveal the functional significance of regulation of dendritic membrane potential by the sodium-leak channel complex, and provide evidence supporting that genetic variations found in individuals with intellectual disability are the causes for the phenotype observed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wie
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Apoorva Bharthur
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Morgan Wolfgang
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85012, USA
| | - Kimberly Aranda
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yandong Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Clinical and Genetic Overview of Paroxysmal Movement Disorders and Episodic Ataxias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103603. [PMID: 32443735 PMCID: PMC7279391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal movement disorders (PMDs) are rare neurological diseases typically manifesting with intermittent attacks of abnormal involuntary movements. Two main categories of PMDs are recognized based on the phenomenology: Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxDs) are characterized by transient episodes hyperkinetic movement disorders, while attacks of cerebellar dysfunction are the hallmark of episodic ataxias (EAs). From an etiological point of view, both primary (genetic) and secondary (acquired) causes of PMDs are known. Recognition and diagnosis of PMDs is based on personal and familial medical history, physical examination, detailed reconstruction of ictal phenomenology, neuroimaging, and genetic analysis. Neurophysiological or laboratory tests are reserved for selected cases. Genetic knowledge of PMDs has been largely incremented by the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies. The wide number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of PMDs reflects a high complexity of molecular bases of neurotransmission in cerebellar and basal ganglia circuits. In consideration of the broad genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, a NGS approach by targeted panel for movement disorders, clinical or whole exome sequencing should be preferred, whenever possible, to a single gene approach, in order to increase diagnostic rate. This review is focused on clinical and genetic features of PMDs with the aim to (1) help clinicians to recognize, diagnose and treat patients with PMDs as well as to (2) provide an overview of genes and molecular mechanisms underlying these intriguing neurogenetic disorders.
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Beck DB, Petracovici A, He C, Moore HW, Louie RJ, Ansar M, Douzgou S, Sithambaram S, Cottrell T, Santos-Cortez RLP, Prijoles EJ, Bend R, Keren B, Mignot C, Nougues MC, Õunap K, Reimand T, Pajusalu S, Zahid M, Saqib MAN, Buratti J, Seaby EG, McWalter K, Telegrafi A, Baldridge D, Shinawi M, Leal SM, Schaefer GB, Stevenson RE, Banka S, Bonasio R, Fahrner JA. Delineation of a Human Mendelian Disorder of the DNA Demethylation Machinery: TET3 Deficiency. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:234-245. [PMID: 31928709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a common cause of pediatric developmental disorders. These enzymes catalyze reactions that regulate epigenetic inheritance via histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation. Cytosine methylation (5-methylcytosine [5mC]) of DNA is the quintessential epigenetic mark, yet no human Mendelian disorder of DNA demethylation has yet been delineated. Here, we describe in detail a Mendelian disorder caused by the disruption of DNA demethylation. TET3 is a methylcytosine dioxygenase that initiates DNA demethylation during early zygote formation, embryogenesis, and neuronal differentiation and is intolerant to haploinsufficiency in mice and humans. We identify and characterize 11 cases of human TET3 deficiency in eight families with the common phenotypic features of intellectual disability and/or global developmental delay; hypotonia; autistic traits; movement disorders; growth abnormalities; and facial dysmorphism. Mono-allelic frameshift and nonsense variants in TET3 occur throughout the coding region. Mono-allelic and bi-allelic missense variants localize to conserved residues; all but one such variant occur within the catalytic domain, and most display hypomorphic function in an assay of catalytic activity. TET3 deficiency and other Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery show substantial phenotypic overlap, including features of intellectual disability and abnormal growth, underscoring shared disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Beck
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ana Petracovici
- Graduate Group in Genetics and Epigenetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chongsheng He
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Current address: Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 Hunan, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Sivagamy Sithambaram
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Trudie Cottrell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | | | | | - Renee Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Boris Keren
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris 75013, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris 75013, France; Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Paris 75013, France
| | - Marie-Christine Nougues
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Department of Neuropediatrics, Paris 75012, France
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia; Chair of Human Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu 50406, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50406, Estonia; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Julien Buratti
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris 75013, France
| | - Eleanor G Seaby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's D disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution & Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Roberto Bonasio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jill A Fahrner
- Department of Pediatrics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Novel pharmacological modulation of dystonic phenotypes caused by a gain-of-function mutation in the Na+ leak-current channel. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 31:465-476. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic disorders are a leading contributor to mortality in the neonatal ICU and PICU in the United States. Although individually rare, there are over 6,200 single-gene diseases, which may preclude a genetic diagnosis prior to ICU admission. Rapid whole genome sequencing is an emerging method of diagnosing genetic conditions in time to affect ICU management of neonates; however, its clinical utility has yet to be adequately demonstrated in critically ill children. This study evaluates next-generation sequencing in pediatric critical care. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Single-center PICU in a tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS Children 4 months to 18 years admitted to the PICU who were nominated between July 2016 and May 2018. INTERVENTIONS Rapid whole genome sequencing with targeted phenotype-driven analysis was performed on patients and their parents, when parental samples were available. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A molecular diagnosis was made by rapid whole genome sequencing in 17 of 38 children (45%). In four of the 17 patients (24%), the genetic diagnoses led to a change in management while in the PICU, including genome-informed changes in pharmacotherapy and transition to palliative care. Nine of the 17 diagnosed children (53%) had no dysmorphic features or developmental delay. Eighty-two percent of diagnoses affected the clinical management of the patient and/or family after PICU discharge, including avoidance of biopsy, administration of factor replacement, and surveillance for disorder-related sequelae. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a retrospective evaluation for undiagnosed genetic disease in the PICU and clinical utility of rapid whole genome sequencing in a portion of critically ill children. Further studies are needed to identify PICU patients who will benefit from rapid whole genome sequencing early in PICU admission when the underlying etiology is unclear.
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Identification and Recent Approaches for Evaluation, Operative Counseling, and Management in Patients With Freeman-Burian Syndrome: Principles for Global Treatment. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:2502-2508. [PMID: 31567769 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For many, the experience of a complex craniofacial malformation condition, such as Freeman-Burian syndrome (FBS), formerly Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, is deeply distressing. There are few references in the literature addressing initial evaluation and operative counseling for FBS, and guidance is absent. Two major outcomes of FBS are explored, namely diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic result, to identify factors influencing optimal clinical care in (1) diagnosis, (2) evaluation, (3) general and craniofacial operative counseling, and (4) craniofacial management.PubMed searches have yielded 15 results describing craniofacial surgery in FBS and 29 manuscripts describing psychosocial aspects of surgery and patient and family counseling and education in other non-intellectually impairing craniofacial malformation conditions. Research in this area of scholarship is plagued by problems, especially considerable knowledge gaps and an absence of study data for operative outcomes. As a result, the literature remains unsettled, though our experience presents a much more clear picture of the clinical reality for this challenging patient population. While many challenges and limitations to treatment are present, much can be done to afford these patients a good and productive quality of life through operative intervention and longitudinal psychosocial support.
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Buers I, Persico I, Schöning L, Nitschke Y, Di Rocco M, Loi A, Sahi PK, Utine GE, Bayraktar‐Tanyeri B, Zampino G, Crisponi G, Rutsch F, Crisponi L. Crisponi/cold‐induced sweating syndrome: Differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment concepts. Clin Genet 2019; 97:209-221. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Insa Buers
- Department of General PediatricsMünster University Children's Hospital Münster Germany
| | - Ivana Persico
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e BiomedicaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Cagliari Italy
| | - Lara Schöning
- Department of General PediatricsMünster University Children's Hospital Münster Germany
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General PediatricsMünster University Children's Hospital Münster Germany
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of PediatricsGaslini Institute Genoa Italy
| | - Angela Loi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e BiomedicaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Cagliari Italy
| | - Puneet Kaur Sahi
- Department of PediatricsMaulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital New Delhi India
| | - Gulen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Department of PediatricsHacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara Turkey
| | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Institute of PediatricsFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
| | | | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General PediatricsMünster University Children's Hospital Münster Germany
| | - Laura Crisponi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e BiomedicaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Cagliari Italy
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sassari Sassari Italy
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Bouasse M, Impheng H, Servant Z, Lory P, Monteil A. Functional expression of CLIFAHDD and IHPRF pathogenic variants of the NALCN channel in neuronal cells reveals both gain- and loss-of-function properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11791. [PMID: 31409833 PMCID: PMC6692409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The excitability of neurons is tightly dependent on their ion channel repertoire. Among these channels, the leak sodium channel NALCN plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential. Importantly, NALCN mutations lead to complex neurodevelopmental syndromes, including infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF) and congenital contractures of limbs and face, hypotonia and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD), which are recessively and dominantly inherited, respectively. Unfortunately, the biophysical properties of NALCN are still largely unknown to date, as well as the functional consequences of both IHPRF and CLIFAHDD mutations on NALCN current. Here we have set-up the heterologous expression of NALCN in the neuronal cell line NG108-15 to investigate the electrophysiological properties of NALCN carrying representative IHPRF and CLIFAHDD mutations. Several original properties of the wild-type (wt) NALCN current were retrieved: mainly carried by external Na+, blocked by Gd3+, insensitive to TTX and potentiated by low external Ca2+ concentration. However, we found that this current displays a time-dependent inactivation in the −80/−40 mV range of membrane potential, and a non linear current-voltage relationship indicative of voltage sensitivity. Importantly, no detectable current was recorded with the IHPRF missense mutation p.Trp1287Leu (W1287L), while the CLIFAHDD mutants, p.Leu509Ser (L509S) and p.Tyr578Ser (Y578S), showed higher current densities and slower inactivation, compared to wt NALCN current. This study reveals that heterologous expression of NALCN channel can be achieved in the neuronal cell line NG108-15 to study the electrophysiological properties of wt and mutants. From our results, we conclude that IHPRF and CLIFAHDD missense mutations are loss- and gain-of-function variants, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bouasse
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Hathaichanok Impheng
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Zoe Servant
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Lory
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, LabEx 'Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics', Montpellier, France.
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Dieterich K, Kimber E, Hall JG. Central nervous system involvement in arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: Overview of causes, diagnosis, and care. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:345-353. [PMID: 31410997 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis or AMC, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, is defined as multiple congenital joint contractures in more than two joints and in different body areas. The common cause of all AMC is lack of movement in utero, which in turn can have different causes, one of which is CNS involvement. Intellectual disability/CNS involvement is found in approximately 25% of all AMC. AMC with CNS involvement includes a large number of genetic syndromes. So far, more than 400 genes have been identified as linked to AMC, with and without CNS involvement. A number of neonatally lethal syndromes and syndromes resulting in severe disability due to CNS malfunction belong to this group of syndromes. There are several X-linked disorders with AMC, which are primarily related to intellectual disability. A number of neuromuscular disorders may include AMC and CNS/brain involvement. Careful clinical evaluation by a geneticist and a pediatrician/pediatric neurologist is the first step in making a specific diagnosis. Further investigations may include MRI of the brain and spinal cord, electroencephalogram, blood chemistry for muscle enzymes, other organ investigations (ophtalmology, cardiology, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems). Nerve conduction studies, electromyogram, and muscle pathology may be of help when there is associated peripheral nervous system involvement. But most importantly, genetic investigations with targeted or rather whole exome or genome sequencing should be performed. A correct diagnosis is important in planning adequate treatment, in genetic counselling and also for future understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and possible new treatments. A multidiciplinary team is needed both in investigation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Dieterich
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, GIN, Grenoble, France.,CHU Grenoble Alpes, Génétique Médicale, Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Kimber
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Judith G Hall
- Professor Emerita, Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Abstract
During morphogenesis, cells communicate with each other to shape tissues and organs. Several lines of recent evidence indicate that ion channels play a key role in cellular signaling and tissue morphogenesis. However, little is known about the scope of specific ion-channel types that impinge upon developmental pathways. The Drosophila melanogaster wing is an excellent model in which to address this problem as wing vein patterning is acutely sensitive to changes in developmental pathways. We conducted a screen of 180 ion channels expressed in the wing using loss-of-function mutant and RNAi lines. Here we identify 44 candidates that significantly impacted development of the Drosophila melanogaster wing. Calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and ligand-gated cation channels were all identified in our screen, suggesting that a wide variety of ion channel types are important for development. Ion channels belonging to the pickpocket family, the ionotropic receptor family, and the bestrophin family were highly represented among the candidates of our screen. Seven new ion channels with human orthologs that have been implicated in human channelopathies were also identified. Many of the human orthologs of the channels identified in our screen are targets of common general anesthetics, anti-seizure and anti-hypertension drugs, as well as alcohol and nicotine. Our results confirm the importance of ion channels in morphogenesis and identify a number of ion channels that will provide the basis for future studies to understand the role of ion channels in development.
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