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Wahid HH, Anahar FN, Isahak NH, Mohd Zoharodzi J, Mohammad Khoiri SNL, Mohamad Zainal NH, Kamarudin N, Ismail H, Mustafa Mahmud MIA. Role of Platelet Activating Factor as a Mediator of Inflammatory Diseases and Preterm Delivery. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:862-878. [PMID: 38403163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Nearly 70% of preterm deliveries occur spontaneously, and the clinical pathways involved include preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Prediction of preterm delivery is considered crucial due to the significant effects of preterm birth on health and the economy at both the personal and community levels. Although similar inflammatory processes occur in both term and preterm delivery, the premature activation of these processes or exaggerated inflammatory response triggered by infection or sterile factors leads to preterm delivery. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a phosphoglycerylether lipid mediator of inflammation that is implicated in infections, cancers, and various chronic diseases and disorders including cardiovascular, renal, cerebrovascular, and central nervous system diseases. In gestational tissues, PAF mediates the inflammatory pathways that stimulate the effector mechanisms of labor, including myometrial contraction, cervical dilation, and fetal membrane rupture. Women with preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes have increased levels of PAF in their amniotic fluid. In mice, the intrauterine or intraperitoneal administration of carbamyl PAF activates inflammation in gestational tissues, thereby eliciting preterm delivery. This review summarizes recent research on PAF as an important inflammatory mediator in preterm delivery and in other inflammatory disorders, highlighting its potential value for prediction, intervention, and prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Wahid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Fatin N Anahar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Isahak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Juwairiyah Mohd Zoharodzi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siti N L Mohammad Khoiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul H Mohamad Zainal
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayah Kamarudin
- Department of Pathology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hamizah Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed I A Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University, Pahang, Malaysia
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Xu L, Yang T, Wen M, Wen D, Jin C, An M, Wang L, Liu Y, Fan J. Frontiers in the Etiology and Treatment of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: From Molecular Mechanisms to Innovative Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:917-931. [PMID: 37989803 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) poses a significant threat to fetal viability and increases the risk for newborn morbidities. The perinatal period of preterm infants affected by pPROM is often characterized by higher rates of mortality and morbidity, with associated risks of cerebral palsy, developmental delays, compromised immune function, respiratory diseases, and sensory impairments. pPROM is believed to result from a variety of causes, including but not limited to microbially induced infections, stretching of fetal membranes, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and age-related changes in the fetal-placental interface. Maternal stress, nutritional deficiencies, and medically induced procedures such as fetoscopy are also considered potential contributing factors to pPROM. This comprehensive review explores the potential etiologies leading to pPROM, delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which these etiologies cause membrane ruptures, and provides a concise overview of diagnostic and treatment approaches for pPROM. Based on available therapeutic options, this review proposes and explores the possibilities of utilizing a novel composite hydrogel composed of amniotic membrane particles for repairing ruptured fetal membranes, thereby holding promise for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiling Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Research Center for Nanobiomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dawei Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chaoyang Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiwen An
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Research Center for Nanobiomaterials & Regenerative Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Junmei Fan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Malvasi A, Ballini A, Tinelli A, Fioretti B, Vimercati A, Gliozheni E, Baldini GM, Cascardi E, Dellino M, Bonetti M, Cicinelli E, Vitagliano A, Damiani GR. Oxytocin augmentation and neurotransmitters in prolonged delivery: An experimental appraisal. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2024; 21:100273. [PMID: 38274243 PMCID: PMC10809121 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The uterus is a highly innervated organ, and during labor, this innervation is at its highest level. Oxytocinergic fibers play an important role in labor and delivery and, in particular, the Lower Uterine Segment, cervix, and fundus are all controlled by motor neurofibers. Oxytocin is a neurohormone that acts on receptors located on the membrane of the smooth cells of the myometrium. During the stages of labor and delivery, its binding causes myofibers to contract, which enables the fundus of the uterus to act as a mediator. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of oxytocinergic fibers in prolonged and non-prolonged dystocic delivery in a cohort of 90 patients, evaluated during the first and second stages of labor. Myometrial tissue samples were collected and evaluated by electron microscopy, in order to quantify differences in neurofibers concentrations between the investigated and control cohorts of patients. The authors of this experiment showed that the concentration of oxytocinergic fibers differs between non-prolonged and prolonged dystocic delivery. In particular, in prolonged dystocic delivery, compared to non-prolonged dystocic delivery, there is a lower amount of oxytocin fiber. The increase in oxytocin appeared to be ineffective in patients who experienced prolonged dystocic delivery, since the dystocic labor ended as a result of the altered presence of oxytocinergic fibers detected in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Malvasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, 71122, Italy
| | - Andrea Tinelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CERICSAL (CEntro di RIcerca Clinico SALentino), Veris Delli Ponti Hospital, 73020 Scorrano, Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via dell'Elce di Sotto 8, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Vimercati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elko Gliozheni
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
- University of Medicine of Tirana, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, Albania
| | - Giorgio Maria Baldini
- Momo Fertilife, IVF Clinic, Bisceglie, 76011, Italy
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Policlinico of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Miriam Dellino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Bonetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Raffaello Damiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Severino MEL, Richardson L, Kammala AK, Radnaa E, Khanipov K, Dalmacio LMM, Mysorekar IU, Kacerovsky M, Menon R. Autophagy Determines Distinct Cell Fates in Human Amnion and Chorion Cells. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:2306086. [PMID: 38370394 PMCID: PMC10871702 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2306086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Human fetal membranes (amniochorion) that line the intrauterine cavity consist of two distinct cell layers; single-layer amnion epithelial cells (AEC) and multilayer chorion trophoblast cells (CTC). These layers are connected through a collagen-rich extracellular matrix. Cellular remodeling helps support membrane growth and integrity during gestation and helps to maintain pregnancy. Preterm prelabor rupture of the human amniochorionic (fetal) membrane (pPROM) is antecedent to 40% of all spontaneous preterm birth. Oxidative stress (OS) induced activation of the p38 MAPK due to various maternal risk exposures and the amniochorion cells' senescence are reported pathological features of pPROM. Our transcriptomics analysis implicated dysregulated autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fetal membranes from pPROM. The molecular interplay between OS-induced p38 MAPK activation, autophagy, and EMT was investigated in AECs and CTCs to better understand the involvement of autophagy and EMT. We report the differential impact of OS on the autophagic machinery in AECs and CTCs, resulting in distinct cell fates. In AECs, OS-induced p38 MAPK activation causes autophagosome accumulation and reduced autophagic flux mediated by decreased ULK1 activity and kinase activity, leading to senescence. In CTCs, induction of autophagy has a limited effect; however, inhibition of autophagy led to SQSTM1-mediated EMT of trophoblast cells. Autophagy, EMT, and senescence were associated with proinflammatory changes. Thus, AECs and CTCs respond differently to OS via differential autophagy response, partly mediated via p38 MAPK. Besides senescence, OS-induced autophagy dysregulation in amniochorion cells may play a mechanistic role in pPROM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elise L. Severino
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ananth Kumar Kammala
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kamil Khanipov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Indira U. Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Huffington Centre on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science & Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
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Gondane P, Kumbhakarn S, Maity P, Kapat K. Recent Advances and Challenges in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Preterm Labor. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:161. [PMID: 38391647 PMCID: PMC10886370 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is the primary cause of neonatal mortality and long-term disabilities. The unknown mechanism behind PTB makes diagnosis difficult, yet early detection is necessary for controlling and averting related consequences. The primary focus of this work is to provide an overview of the known risk factors associated with preterm labor and the conventional and advanced procedures for early detection of PTB, including multi-omics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)- based approaches. It also discusses the principles of detecting various proteomic biomarkers based on lateral flow immunoassay and microfluidic chips, along with the commercially available point-of-care testing (POCT) devices and associated challenges. After briefing the therapeutic and preventive measures of PTB, this review summarizes with an outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashil Gondane
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sakshi Kumbhakarn
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pritiprasanna Maity
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kausik Kapat
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India
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Marr EE, Isenberg BC, Wong JY. Effects of polydimethylsiloxane membrane surface treatments on human uterine smooth muscle cell strain response. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:415-426. [PMID: 37954466 PMCID: PMC10632608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States, 1 in 10 infants are born preterm. The majority of neonatal deaths and nearly a third of infant deaths are linked to preterm birth. Preterm birth is initiated when the quiescent state of the uterus ends prematurely, leading to contractions and parturition beginning as early as 32 weeks, though the origins are not well understood. To enable research and discovery of therapeutics with potential to better address preterm birth, the capability to study isolated cell processes of pregnant uterine tissue in vitro is needed. Our development of an in vitro model of the myometrium utilizing human uterine smooth muscle cells (uSMCs) responsible for contractions provides a methodology to examine cellular mechanisms of late-stage pregnancy potentially involved in preterm birth. We discuss culture of uSMCs on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate functionalized with cationic poly-l-lysine (PLL), followed by extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coating. Previous work exploring uSMC behavior on PDMS substrates have utilized collagen-I coatings, however, we demonstrated the first exploration of human uSMC response to strain on fibronectin-coated flexible membranes, importantly reflecting the significant increase of fibronectin content found in the myometrial ECM during late-stage pregnancy. Using the model we developed, we conducted proof-of-concept studies to investigate the impact of substrate strain on uSMC cell morphology and gene expression. It was found that PLL and varied ECM protein coatings (collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin) altered cell nuclei morphology and density on PDMS substrates. Additionally, varied strain rates applied to uSMC substrates significantly impacted uSMC gene expression of IL-6, a cytokine associated with instances of preterm labor. These results suggest that both surface and mechanical properties of in vitro systems impact primary human uSMC phenotype and offer uSMC culture methodologies that can be utilized to further the understanding of cellular pathways involved in the uterus under mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Marr
- Boston University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, United States
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Bioengineering Division, United States
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Bioengineering Division, United States
| | - Joyce Y. Wong
- Boston University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, United States
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States
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Khan S, Kilpatrick R, Benjamin DK, Kolnik SE, Greenberg RG, Clark R, Zimmerman KO, Puia-Dumitrescu M. Morbidity and mortality of twins and triplets compared to singleton infants delivered between 26-34 weeks gestation in the United States. J Perinatol 2024; 44:231-238. [PMID: 37989884 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe in-hospital morbidities and mortality among twins and triplets delivered at ≥26 to ≤34 weeks gestational age (GA) while controlling for prematurity and growth restriction. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of inborn infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) managed by the Pediatrix Medical Group between 2010 and 2018. RESULT Among 247 437 infants included, 27.4% were multiples. Adjusted for GA and other factors typically known prior to delivery, in-hospital morbidities varied by plurality and generally were more common in singletons. The odds of death prior to discharge were less for twins at 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67-0.83) and triplets at 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51-0.92) compared to singletons. CONCLUSION Singletons experience greater morbidity and mortality compared to twins and triplets born ≥26 weeks to ≤34 weeks GA, except PDA requiring procedural intervention, ROP requiring treatment, and longer length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ryan Kilpatrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Kolnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel G Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Reese Clark
- Center for Research, Education, Quality, and Safety, Pediatrix Medical Group, Inc, Sunrise, FL, USA
| | - Kanecia O Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mihai Puia-Dumitrescu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lv M, Chen C, Yang H, Lou Y, Li J, Zhao B, Chen D, Luo Q. Development and validation of a nomogram for individualized prediction of spontaneous extremely preterm birth at < 28 weeks in twin pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023:10.1007/s00404-023-07322-z. [PMID: 38160441 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a nomogram to predict spontaneous preterm birth at < 28 weeks in pregnant women with twin pregnancies. METHODS We retrospectively studied the medical records of twin-pregnancy women with asymptomatic cervical dilation or cervical shortening between December 2015 to February 2022 in two hospitals. Data from one center was used to develop the model and data from the other was used to evaluate the model. RESULTS A total of 270 twin pregnancies were enrolled in the study. We incorporated 4 items (cervical length, cervical dilation, C-reactive protein and the use of cerclage) to build the 28-week nomogram with satisfactory discrimination and calibration when applied to the validation sets. The C index for the 28-week nomogram in the development and external cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98), respectively. The nomogram reached a sensitivity of 70.70%, specificity of 97.10%, positive predicted value of 95.61% and negative predicted value of 78.77%. Moreover, the decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram showed positive clinical benefit. CONCLUSION We developed and validated a nomogram with good performance in predicting individual risk of spontaneous preterm birth at < 28 in twin pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1St Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1St Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Huaqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Lou
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, People's Hospital, Yuyao, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1St Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Baihui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1St Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Danqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1St Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, 1St Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Baxter C, Crary I, Coler B, Marcell L, Huebner EM, Rutz S, Adams Waldorf KM. Addressing a broken drug pipeline for preterm birth: why early preterm birth is an orphan disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:647-655. [PMID: 37516401 PMCID: PMC10818026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth remains one of the most urgent unresolved medical problems in obstetrics, yet only 2 therapeutics for preventing preterm birth have ever been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, and neither remains on the market. The recent withdrawal of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC, Makena) marks a new but familiar era for obstetrics with no Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmaceuticals to address preterm birth. The lack of pharmaceuticals reflects a broad and ineffective pipeline hindered by extensive regulatory hurdles, soaring costs of performing drug research, and concerns regarding adverse effects among a particularly vulnerable population. The pharmaceutical industry has historically limited investments in research for diseases with similarly small markets, such as cystic fibrosis, given their rarity and diminished projected financial return. The Orphan Drug Act, however, incentivizes drug development for "orphan diseases", defined as affecting <200,000 people in the United States annually. Although the total number of preterm births in the United States exceeds this threshold annually, the early subset of preterm birth (<34 weeks' gestation) would qualify, which is predominantly caused by inflammation and infection. The scientific rationale for classifying preterm birth into early and late subsets is strong given that their etiologies differ, and therapeutics that may be efficacious for one subset may not work for the other. For example, antiinflammatory therapeutics would be expected to be highly effective for early but not late preterm birth. A robust therapeutic pipeline of antiinflammatory drugs already exists, which could be used to target spontaneous early preterm birth, in combination with antibiotics shown to sterilize the amniotic cavity. New applications for therapeutics targeting spontaneous early preterm birth could categorize as orphan disease drugs, which could revitalize the preterm birth therapeutic pipeline. Herein, we describe why drugs targeting early preterm birth should qualify for orphan status, which may increase pharmaceutical interest for this vitally important obstetrical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Baxter
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Isabelle Crary
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brahm Coler
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Lauren Marcell
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Sara Rutz
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kristina M Adams Waldorf
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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10
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Costa E, Thrasivoulou C, Becker DL, Deprest JA, David AL, Chowdhury TT. Cx43 regulates mechanotransduction mechanisms in human preterm amniotic membrane defects. Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1284-1295. [PMID: 37649228 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of mechanical stimulation in preterm amniotic membrane (AM) defects were explored. METHODS Preterm AM was collected from women undergoing planned preterm caesarean section (CS) due to fetal growth restriction or emergency CS after spontaneous preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (sPPROM). AM explants near the cervix or placenta were subjected to trauma and/or mechanical stimulation with the Cx43 antisense. Markers for nuclear morphology (DAPI), myofibroblasts (αSMA), migration (Cx43), inflammation (PGE2 ) and repair (collagen, elastin and transforming growth factor β [TGFβ1 ]) were examined by confocal microscopy, second harmonic generation, qPCR and biochemical assays. RESULTS In preterm AM defects, myofibroblast nuclei were highly deformed and contractile and expressed αSMA and Cx43. Mechanical stimulation increased collagen fibre polarisation and the effects on matrix markers were dependent on tissue region, disease state, gestational age and the number of fetuses. PGE2 levels were broadly similar but reduced after co-treatment with Cx43 antisense in late sPPROM AM defects. TGFβ1 and Cx43 gene expression were significantly increased after trauma and mechanical stimulation but this response dependent on gestational age. CONCLUSION Mechanical stimulation affects Cx43 signalling and cell/collagen mechanics in preterm AM defects. Establishing how Cx43 regulates mechanosignalling could be an approach to repair tissue integrity after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Costa
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - David L Becker
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan A Deprest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School Building, London, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School Building, London, UK
| | - Tina T Chowdhury
- Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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11
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Arrowsmith S. Multiple pregnancies, the myometrium and the role of mechanical factors in the timing of labour. Curr Res Physiol 2023; 6:100105. [PMID: 38107788 PMCID: PMC10724211 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2023.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pregnancy remains a relatively common occurrence, but it is associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes for the mother and her babies and presents unique challenges to healthcare providers. This review will briefly discuss multiple pregnancies, their aetiology and their problems, including preterm birth, before reviewing the processes leading to normal labour onset and how they may be different in a multiple pregnancy. The mechanisms by which mechanical factors i.e., uterine distension or 'stretch' contribute to uterine excitability and the timing of labour onset will be the major focus, and how over distention may pre-dispose multiple pregnancies to preterm birth. This includes current thinking around the role of mechano (stretch) sensitive ion channels in the myometrium and changes to other important regulators of excitability and contraction which have been identified from studies using in vitro and in vivo models of uterine stretch. Physiological stimuli arising from the fetus(es) and placenta(s) will also be discussed. In reviewing what we know about the myometrium in multiple pregnancy in humans, the focus will be on twin pregnancy as it is the most common type of multiple pregnancy and has been the most studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Arrowsmith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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12
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Lee KN, Park KH, Ahn K, Im EM, Oh E, Cho I. Extracellular matrix-related and serine protease proteins in the amniotic fluid of women with early preterm labor: Association with spontaneous preterm birth, intra-amniotic inflammation, and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13736. [PMID: 37382175 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We aimed to determine whether altered levels of various extracellular matrix (ECM)-related and serine protease proteins in the amniotic fluid (AF) are associated with imminent spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB; ≤7 days) and intra-amniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (IAI/MIAC) in women with early preterm labor (PTL). METHOD OF STUDY This retrospective cohort study included 252 women with singleton pregnancies undergoing transabdominal amniocentesis who demonstrated PTL (24-31 weeks). The AF was cultured for microorganism detection to characterize MIAC. IL-6 concentrations were determined in the AF samples to identify IAI (≥2.6 ng/mL). The following mediators were measured in the AF samples using ELISA: kallistatin, lumican, MMP-2, SPARC, TGFBI, and uPA. RESULTS Kallistatin, MMP-2, TGFBI, and uPA levels were significantly higher and SPARC and lumican levels were significantly lower in the AF of women who spontaneously delivered within 7 days than in the AF of those who delivered after 7 days; the levels of the first five mediators were independent of baseline clinical variables. In the multivariate analysis, elevated levels of kallistatin, MMP-2, TGFBI, and uPA and low levels of lumican and SPARC in the AF were significantly associated with IAI/MIAC and MIAC, even after adjusting for the gestational age at sampling. The areas under the curves of the aforementioned biomarkers ranged from 0.58 to 0.87 for the diagnoses of each of the corresponding endpoints. CONCLUSION ECM-related (SPARC, TGFBI, lumican, and MMP-2) and serine protease (kallistatin and uPA) proteins in the AF are involved in preterm parturition and regulation of intra-amniotic inflammatory/infectious responses in PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-No Lee
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kwanghee Ahn
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Im
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eunji Oh
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Iseop Cho
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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13
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Silvano A, Meriggi N, Renzi S, Seravalli V, Torcia MG, Cavalieri D, Di Tommaso M. Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnant Women with and without Short Cervix. Nutrients 2023; 15:2173. [PMID: 37432374 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical shortening is a recognised risk factor for pre-term birth. The vaginal microbiome plays an essential role in pregnancy and in maternal and foetal outcomes. We studied the vaginal microbiome in 68 women with singleton gestation and a cervical length ≤25 mm and in 29 pregnant women with a cervix >25 mm in the second or early third trimester. Illumina protocol 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation was used to detail amplified 16SrRNA gene. Statistical analyses were performed in R environment. Firmicutes was the phylum most represented in all pregnant women. The mean relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota was higher in women with a short cervix. Bacterial abundance was higher in women with a normal length cervix compared to the group of women with a short cervix. Nonetheless, a significant enrichment in bacterial taxa poorly represented in vaginal microbiome was observed in the group of women with a short cervix. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas, taxa usually found in aerobic vaginitis, were more common in women with a short cervix compared with the control group, while Lactobacillus iners and Bifidobacterium were associated with a normal cervical length. Lactobacillus jensenii and Gardenerella vaginalis were associated with a short cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Silvano
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Seravalli
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Duccio Cavalieri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Di Tommaso
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
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14
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Barnett SD, Asif H, Buxton ILO. Novel identification and modulation of the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in human myometrium. J Physiol 2023; 601:1675-1690. [PMID: 35941750 PMCID: PMC9905381 DOI: 10.1113/jp283299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of US births deliver preterm before 37 weeks of completed gestation. Premature infants are at risk for life-long debilitating morbidities and death, and spontaneous preterm labour explains 50% of preterm births. In all cases existing treatments are ineffective, and none are FDA approved. The mechanisms that initiate preterm labour are not well understood but may result from dysfunctional regulation of quiescence mechanisms. Human pregnancy is accompanied by large increases in blood flow, and the uterus must enlarge by orders of magnitude to accommodate the growing fetus. This mechanical strain suggests that stretch-activated channels may constitute a mechanism to explain gestational quiescence. Here we identify for the first time that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive cation channel, is present in the uterine smooth muscle and microvascular endothelium of pregnant myometrium. Piezo is downregulated during preterm labour, and stimulation of myometrial Piezo1 in an organ bath with the agonist Yoda1 relaxes the tissue in a dose-dependent fashion. Further, stimulation of Piezo1 while inhibiting protein kinase A, AKT, or endothelial nitric oxide synthase mutes the negative inotropic effects of Piezo1 activation, intimating that actions on the myocyte and endothelial nitric oxide signalling contribute to Piezo1-mediated contractile dynamics. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of stretch-activated channels in pregnancy maintenance and parturition, and identify Piezo1 as a tocolytic target of interest. KEY POINTS: Spontaneous preterm labour is a serious obstetric dilemma without a known cause or effective treatments. Piezo1 is a stretch-activated channel important to muscle contractile dynamics. Piezo1 is present in the myometrium and is dysregulated in women who experience preterm labour. Activation of Piezo1 by the agonist Yoda1 relaxes the myometrium in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that Piezo1 modulation may have therapeutic benefits to treat preterm labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Barnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Hazik Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Iain L O Buxton
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
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15
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Hsu TY, Cheng HH, Lan KC, Hung HN, Lai YJ, Tsai CC, Fan WL, Li SC. The abundances of LTF and SOD2 in amniotic fluid are potential biomarkers of gestational age and preterm birth. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4903. [PMID: 36966172 PMCID: PMC10039869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonates who are born preterm (PT) are usually characterized by immature physiological development, and preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality if intensive medical care is not available to PTB neonates. Early prediction of a PTB enables medical personnel to make preparations in advance, protecting the neonate from the subsequent health risks. Therefore, many studies have worked on identifying invasive or noninvasive PT biomarkers. In this study, we collected amniocentesis-derived (at the second trimester of gestation) amniotic fluid (AF) samples. At delivery, AF samples were classified into PTB or full-term birth (FTB). We first applied protein mass spectrometry technology to globally screen AF proteins, followed by specific protein validation with ELISA. We identified four protein biomarkers of PTB, including lactotransferrin (LTF), glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Further analyses demonstrated that their abundances were negatively correlated with neonatal weight and gestational age. In addition, by mimicking survival rate analysis widely used in tumor biology, we found that LTF and SOD2 were prognostic factors of gestational age, with higher levels denoting shorter gestational age. Finally, using the abundances of the four protein biomarkers, we developed a prediction model of PTB with an auROC value of 0.935 (sensitivity = 0.94, specificity = 0.89, p value = 0.0001). This study demonstrated that the abundances of specific proteins in amniotic fluid were not only the prognostic factors of gestational age but also the predictive biomarkers of PTB. These four AF proteins enable identification of PTB early in the second trimester of gestation, facilitating medical intervention to be applied in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chung Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taizhong, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ning Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chang Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lang Fan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 12th Floor, Children's Hospital, No.123, Dapi Rd, Niaosong District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 4th Floor, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung, 813414, Taiwan.
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16
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Lau MC, Tanaka K, Amoako A, Rudra T. Safety of performing classical versus low transverse caesarean sections in extremely preterm and very preterm births: Maternal and neonatal complications. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2023. [PMID: 36789730 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Improved survivability of extremely preterm infants has led to increased rates of caesarean sections. Short-term maternal and neonatal risks of classical caesarean sections (CCS) in the context of extreme prematurity remain unclear. The aim was to examine maternal and neonatal complications associated with CCSs versus low transverse caesarean sections (LTCS) at extremely preterm (23 0/7-27 6/7 weeks) and very preterm gestational ages (28 0/7-31 6/7 weeks). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Queensland, Australia between 2016 and 2020. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were examined using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS CCSs (extremely preterm: n = 93; very preterm: n = 83) were associated with higher estimated blood loss than LTCS (extremely preterm: n = 70; very preterm: n = 287) in very preterm births (CCS: 638 ± 410 mL; LTCS: 556 ± 397 mL; P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in composite maternal outcomes between CCS and LTCS for extremely preterm (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-2.12; P = 0.75) or very preterm births (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.63-1.94; P = 0.79) after accounting for multiple pregnancy, placenta accreta and non-cephalic fetal presentations. Although CCSs were associated with lower Apgar scores at 1 min post-birth than LTCSs at very preterm gestational ages (CCS: 5.58 ± 2.10; LTCS: 6.25 ± 2.14; P = 0.02), there was no statistical difference in the rates of intraoperative neonatal injuries or composite outcomes when corrected for low birth weight. CONCLUSION Short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes do not significantly differ between CCS and LTCS for extremely preterm or very preterm births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Akwasi Amoako
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thangeswaran Rudra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Prolonged Dystocic Labor in Neuraxial Analgesia and the Role of Enkephalin Neurotransmitters: An Experimental Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043767. [PMID: 36835178 PMCID: PMC9962106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation studied the enkephalinergic neuro fibers (En) contained in the Lower Uterine Segment (LUS) during the prolonged dystocic labor (PDL) with Labor Neuraxial Analgesia (LNA). PDL is generally caused by fetal head malpositions in the Occiput Posterior Position (OPP), Persistent Occiput Posterior Position (POPP), in a transverse position (OTP), and asynclitism (A), and it is detected by Intrapartum Ultrasonography (IU). The En were detected in the LUS samples picked up during cesarean section (CS) of 38 patients undergoing urgent CS in PDL, compared to 37 patients submitted to elective CS. Results were statistically evaluated to understand the differences in En morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by fluorescence microscopy (FM). The LUS samples analysis showed an important reduction in En in LUS of CS for the PDL group, in comparison with the elective CS group. The LUS overdistension, by fetal head malpositions (OPP, OTP, A) and malrotations, lead to dystocia, modification of vascularization, and En reduction. The En reduction in PDL suggests that drugs used during the LNA, usually local anesthetics and opioids, cannot control the "dystocic pain", that differs from normal labor pain. The IU administration in labor and the consequent diagnosis of dystocia suggest stopping the numerous and ineffective top-up drug administration during LNA, and to shift the labor to operative vaginal delivery or CS.
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18
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Majhi RK, Pourteymour S. Piezo1 activation by stretching of uterine myometrium supports pregnancy and prevents preterm labour. J Physiol 2023; 601:719-721. [PMID: 36266732 DOI: 10.1113/jp283810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Majhi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Shirin Pourteymour
- Division of Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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19
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Jelin AC, Mahle A, Tran SH, Sparks TN, Rauen KA. Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome: Prenatal consequences of Ras/MAPK dysregulation. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:323-331. [PMID: 36308388 PMCID: PMC9839479 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We systematically delineated the prenatal phenotype, and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of the RASopathy cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. A comprehensive, retrospective medical history survey was distributed to parents of children with confirmed CFC in collaboration with CFC International, Inc. Data were collected on CFC gene variant, maternal characteristics, pregnancy course, delivery, and neonatal outcomes with the support of medical records. We identified 43 individuals with pathogenic variants in BRAF (81%), MEK1 (14%), or MEK2 (5%) genes. The median age was 8.5 years. Hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia occurred in 5/43 (12%), 4/43 (9%), 3/43 (7%), and 3/43 (7%) of pregnancies, respectively. Second and third trimester ultrasound abnormalities included polyhydramnios, macrocephaly, macrosomia, and renal and cardiac abnormalities. Delivery occurred via spontaneous vaginal, operative vaginal, or cesarean delivery in 15/42 (36%), 7/42 (16%), and 20/42 (48%), respectively. Median gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks and median birth weight was 3501 grams. Germline pathogenic vaiants had mutiple congenital consequences including polyhydramnios, renal and cardiac abnormalities, macrosomia, and macrocephaly on second and third trimester ultrasound. Elevated rates of operative delivery and neonatal complications were also noted. Understanding and defining a prenatal phenotype may improve prenatal prognostic counseling and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie C. Jelin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Amanda Mahle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Susan H. Tran
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Legacy Medical Group, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Teresa N. Sparks
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
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20
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Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Hirsch E. Is human labor at term an inflammatory condition?†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:23-40. [PMID: 36173900 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parturition at term in normal pregnancy follows a predictable sequence of events. There is some evidence that a state of inflammation prevails in the reproductive tissues during labor at term, but it is uncertain whether this phenomenon is the initiating signal for parturition. The absence of a clear temporal sequence of inflammatory events prior to labor casts doubt on the concept that normal human labor at term is primarily the result of an inflammatory cascade. This review examines evidence linking parturition and inflammation in order to address whether inflammation is a cause of labor, a consequence of labor, or a separate but related phenomenon. Finally, we identify and suggest ways to reconcile inconsistencies regarding definitions of labor onset in published research, which may contribute to the variability in conclusions regarding the genesis and maintenance of parturition. A more thorough understanding of the processes underlying normal parturition at term may lead to novel insights regarding abnormal labor, including spontaneous preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes, and dysfunctional labor, and the role of inflammation in each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Lin Z, Shi JL, Chen M, Zheng ZM, Li MQ, Shao J. CCL2: An important cytokine in normal and pathological pregnancies: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1053457. [PMID: 36685497 PMCID: PMC9852914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), also known as monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), is an integral chemotactic factor which recruits macrophages for the immune response. Together with its receptors (e.g., CCR2, ACKR1, and ACKR2), they exert noticeable influences on various diseases of different systems. At the maternal-fetal interface, CCL2 is detected to be expressed in trophoblasts, decidual tissue, the myometrium, and others. Meanwhile, existing reports have determined a series of physiological regulators of CCL2, which functions in maintaining normal recruitment of immunocytes, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. However, abnormal levels of CCL2 have also been reported to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia and preterm labor. In this review, we concentrate on CCL2 expression at the maternal-fetal interface, as well as its precise regulatory mechanisms and classic signaling pathways, to reveal the multidimensional aspects of CCL2 in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lu Shi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Meng Zheng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commision (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314574. [PMID: 36498901 PMCID: PMC9738067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action, mediating innate and adaptive immunity and multiple physiological processes, including protective and regenerative ones. IL-8 is a pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine with a primary function in attracting and activating neutrophils, but also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes. These two ILs are abundantly expressed at the feto-maternal interface over the course of a pregnancy and have been shown to participate in numerous pregnancy-related events. In this review, we summarize the literature data regarding their role in healthy and pathological pregnancies. The general information related to IL-6 and IL-8 functions is followed by an overview of their overall expression in cycling endometrium and at the feto-maternal interface. Further, we provide an overview of their involvement in pregnancy establishment and parturition. Finally, the implication of IL-6 and IL-8 in pregnancy-associated pathological conditions, such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and infection/inflammation is discussed.
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Vidal MS, Lintao RCV, Severino MEL, Tantengco OAG, Menon R. Spontaneous preterm birth: Involvement of multiple feto-maternal tissues and organ systems, differing mechanisms, and pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1015622. [PMID: 36313741 PMCID: PMC9606232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1015622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of preterm birth struggle with multitudes of disabilities due to improper in utero programming of various tissues and organ systems contributing to adult-onset diseases at a very early stage of their lives. Therefore, the persistent rates of low birth weight (birth weight < 2,500 grams), as well as rates of neonatal and maternal morbidities and mortalities, need to be addressed. Active research throughout the years has provided us with multiple theories regarding the risk factors, initiators, biomarkers, and clinical manifestations of spontaneous preterm birth. Fetal organs, like the placenta and fetal membranes, and maternal tissues and organs, like the decidua, myometrium, and cervix, have all been shown to uniquely respond to specific exogenous or endogenous risk factors. These uniquely contribute to dynamic changes at the molecular and cellular levels to effect preterm labor pathways leading to delivery. Multiple intervention targets in these different tissues and organs have been successfully tested in preclinical trials to reduce the individual impacts on promoting preterm birth. However, these preclinical trial data have not been effectively translated into developing biomarkers of high-risk individuals for an early diagnosis of the disease. This becomes more evident when examining the current global rate of preterm birth, which remains staggeringly high despite years of research. We postulate that studying each tissue and organ in silos, as how the majority of research has been conducted in the past years, is unlikely to address the network interaction between various systems leading to a synchronized activity during either term or preterm labor and delivery. To address current limitations, this review proposes an integrated approach to studying various tissues and organs involved in the maintenance of normal pregnancy, promotion of normal parturition, and more importantly, contributions towards preterm birth. We also stress the need for biological models that allows for concomitant observation and analysis of interactions, rather than focusing on these tissues and organ in silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S. Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ryan C. V. Lintao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Mary Elise L. Severino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
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Wan S, Chen P, Gu M, Liu J, Zhou Q, Zhang F, Lu Y, Li L, Wang X. Fetal Lung-Derived Exosomes in Term Labor Amniotic Fluid Induce Amniotic Membrane Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:889861. [PMID: 35859898 PMCID: PMC9289145 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.889861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of parturition is still unclear. Evidence has shown that delivery is associated with cellular senescence of the amniotic membrane. We isolated fetal lung-associated exosomes from the amniotic fluid from term labor (TL-exos) and verified that the exosomes can cause primary human amniotic epithelial cell (hAEC) senescence and apoptosis and can release higher levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related molecules and proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) than exosomes isolated from the amniotic fluid from term not in labor (TNIL-exos). The human lung carcinoma cell lines (A549) can be used as an alternative to alveolar type 2 epithelial cells producing pulmonary surfactant. Therefore, we isolated A549 cell-derived exosomes (A549-exos) and found that they can trigger hAEC to undergo the same aging process. Finally, the animal experiments suggested that A549-exos induced vaginal bleeding and preterm labor in pregnant mice. Therefore, we conclude that exosomes derived from fetal lungs in term labor amniotic fluid induce amniotic membrane senescence, which may provide new insight into the mechanism of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pengzheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengqi Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Yuan Lu, ; Xietong Wang,
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Yuan Lu, ; Xietong Wang,
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal and Child Health Care of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- The Laboratory of Placenta-Related Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Yuan Lu, ; Xietong Wang,
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Padron JG, Norman Ing ND, Ng PK, Kendal-Wright CE. Stretch Causes Cell Stress and the Downregulation of Nrf2 in Primary Amnion Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:766. [PMID: 35740891 PMCID: PMC9220942 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor for the regulation of cellular responses to cellular stress and inflammation, and its expression is significantly lower after spontaneous term labor in human fetal membranes. Pathological induction of inflammation can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, and fetal death. As stretch forces are known to act upon the fetal membranes in utero, we aimed to ascertain the effect of stretch on Nrf2 to increase our understanding of the role of this stimulus on cells of the amnion at term. Our results indicated a significant reduction in Nrf2 expression in stretched isolated human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) that could be rescued with sulforaphane treatment. Downregulation of Nrf2 as a result of stretch was accompanied with activation of proinflammatory nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and increases in LDH activity, ROS, and HMGB1. This work supports stretch as a key modulator of cellular stress and inflammation in the fetal membranes. Our results showed that the modulation of the antioxidant response pathway in the fetal membranes through Nrf2 activation may be a viable approach to improve outcomes in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gary Padron
- Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
- Wayne State School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nainoa D. Norman Ing
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (N.D.N.I.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Po’okela K. Ng
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (N.D.N.I.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Claire E. Kendal-Wright
- Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
- Natural Science and Mathematics, Chaminade University of Honolulu, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA; (N.D.N.I.); (P.K.N.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA
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Lee KN, Park KH, Kim YM, Cho I, Kim TE. Prediction of emergency cerclage outcomes in women with cervical insufficiency: The role of inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix-related proteins in amniotic fluid. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268291. [PMID: 35536791 PMCID: PMC9089878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether various novel inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix-related mediators in amniotic fluid (AF) can independently predict emergency cerclage outcomes in women with acute cervical insufficiency (CI). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted among 50 singleton pregnant women (18-25 weeks) who underwent emergency cerclage for CI and were subjected to amniocentesis. The AF samples were assayed for endoglin, endostatin, haptoglobin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, -4, kallistatin, lumican, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), pentraxin 3, p-selectin, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), resistin, transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) levels. Interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the AF were also measured for comparison with potential biomarkers assessed in this study. The primary endpoint was spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) at <34 weeks following emergency cerclage. RESULTS The AF levels of pentraxin 3, RAGE, and resistin were significantly higher in women who had SPTD at <34 weeks after cerclage placement (pentraxin-3: P = 0.003; RAGE: P = 0.041; and resistin; P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, elevated AF levels of pentraxin 3 (P = 0.007) and resistin (P = 0.006), but not those of RAGE (P = 0.069), were independently associated with the occurrence of SPTD at <34 weeks after cerclage, following adjustment for baseline clinical variables (e.g., cervical dilation). The area under the curve (AUC) values of AF pentraxin 3, RAGE, and resistin for the prediction of SPTD at <34 weeks were 0.749, 0.669, and 0.770, respectively, which were similar to those of AF IL-6. However, in univariate analyses, no differences in the AF levels of endoglin, endostatin, haptoglobin, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, kallistatin, lumican, p-selectin, TGFBI, and VDBP were found to be associated with SPTD at <34 weeks after cerclage placement. CONCLUSIONS In women with acute CI, the AF levels of pentraxin 3, RAGE, and resistin could be useful novel biomarkers for predicting SPTD following emergency cerclage. However, the clinical utility of these new biomarkers should be validated in larger multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-No Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Iseop Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Eun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Fu PH, Yu CH, Chen YC, Chu CC, Chen JY, Liang FW. Risk of adverse fetal outcomes following nonobstetric surgery during gestation: a nationwide population-based analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 35562679 PMCID: PMC9102935 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature suggests that nonobstetric surgery during gestation is associated with a higher risk of spontaneous abortion, prematurity, and a higher cesarean section rate, but the direct impact on fetal outcomes is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy is associated with negative fetal outcomes by analysing a nation-wide database in Taiwan. METHODS This population-based retrospective observational case-control study was based on the linkage of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, Birth Reporting Database, and Maternal and Child Health Database between 2004 and 2014. For every pregnancy with nonobstetric surgery during gestation, four controls were randomly matched according to maternal age and delivery year. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of adverse fetal outcomes with the non-surgery group as the reference. The primary outcomes involved stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, low Apgar scores, and neonatal and infant death. RESULTS Among 23,721 identified pregnancies, 4,747 underwent nonobstetric surgery. Pregnancies with nonobstetric surgery had significantly higher risks of prematurity (aOR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.31-1.62), lower birth weight (aOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.33-1.67), Apgar scores < 7 (1 min, aOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.33-1.86; 5 min, aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03-1.74), neonatal death (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.18-3.42), and infant death (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.12-2.54) than those without nonobstetric surgery after adjustment for socioeconomic deprivation, hospital level, and other comorbidities. Surgery performed in the third trimester was associated with a significantly increased rate of prematurity (aOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.03-1.85), but lower rates of stillbirth (aOR: 0.1; 95% CI: 0.01-0.75) and Apgar score < 7 at the 5th minute (aOR: 0.2; 95% CI: 0.05-0.82), than surgery performed in the first trimester. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancies with nonobstetric surgery during gestation were associated with increased risks of prematurity, low birth weight, low Apgar scores, neonatal and infant death, longer admission, and higher medical expenses than those without surgery. Furthermore, surgery in the third trimester was associated with a higher rate of prematurity than surgery performed in the first trimester. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Han Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Contribution of plasma, placental, inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators in labor induction. Placenta 2022; 122:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pisacreta E, Mannella P. Molecular and endocrine mechanisms involved in preterm birth. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:368-378. [PMID: 35319334 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2053519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a worldwide social problem. Incidence rates may vary from 5 to 18% of all deliveries, with important differences observed between developed and developing countries. Preterm birth has a negative impact on newborns and neonatal mortality and morbidity are high. Despite improvements in modern neonatal care, we know little of the mechanisms that determine the onset and development of preterm birth. Infections seem to be one the most important triggers, determining the activation of protective mechanisms aimed at ending the pregnancy and safeguarding the health of the woman. However, threatened preterm birth often occurs even in women who do not have any ongoing infectious process. Of these, which are the majority, the causes and the activation mechanisms remain unknown or unclear; however, there are several molecular and endocrine mechanisms that finally lead to preterm birth. In this review, we seek to shed light and summarize the molecular and endocrine mechanisms underlying the development of preterm birth. Their understanding could help us to understand the dynamics of premature birth but, above all, to allow an early diagnosis and primary prevention of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pisacreta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Mannella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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30
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Vidal MS, Menon R, Yu GFB, Amosco MD. Environmental Toxicants and Preterm Birth: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends and Output. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052493. [PMID: 35270186 PMCID: PMC8909635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth remains a problem globally, as multiple factors contribute to its etiology and pathogenesis. One such factor is the exposure to environmental toxicants, in which recent literature has described contributory roles in disease progression. This study aims to show research trends and collaborations in papers related to environmental toxicants and preterm birth through a bibliometric analysis to determine hot spots for research as well as to identify already established themes that can point to policy making and development. Using the Scopus database, we were able to identify 956 original research articles from 72 countries between 1955 and 2021; bibliographic information was exported, analyzed, and visualized using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer. There was an annual growth of research and reporting in this area, which significantly increased within the last two decades. The top countries that have published on this topic include the USA (n = 343), China (n = 103), and Australia (n = 43), with strong international collaboration in reports from China. Top journals for publication include Environmental Research (n = 53), Environmental Health Perspectives (n = 47), and Environment International (n = 46). Previous literature focused on establishing toxicants that are significantly associated with preterm birth, with current research focusing on molecular mechanisms of environmental toxicants. Overall, our bibliometric analysis gives a scoping view of the existing research landscape in terms of environmental health and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel S. Vidal
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
- Correspondence:
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Gracia Fe B. Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines;
| | - Melissa D. Amosco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines;
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Park KH, Kim HJ, Lee YE, Kim YM, Lee JE, Hong S. Protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins associated with spontaneous preterm birth in women with preterm labor. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 87:e13517. [PMID: 34922407 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To identify proteins present in the amniotic fluid (AF) that could be associated with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB; delivery < 7 days) in women with preterm labor (PTL). METHOD OF STUDY First, the AF proteome of 20 women with PTL and SPTB was compared with that of 20 matched women with term deliveries using an antibody microarray. Next, nine identified candidate biomarkers of SPTB were further validated in 267 singleton pregnant women with PTL who underwent amniocentesis at 26-33 weeks of gestation using ELISA, and whether the degree of expression of these proteins was associated with the risk severity for subsequent SPTB was retrospectively assessed. RESULTS Of the 507 proteins evaluated in the microarray analysis, 27 displayed significant intergroup differences. In particular, ELISA quantification confirmed that the expression of EN-RAGE, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, lipocalin-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, S100 A8/A9, and TNFR2 were all increased in the AF of women spontaneously delivering within 7 days of sampling compared with those delivering after 7 days. Moreover, the odds of SPTB within 7 days, even upon adjusting for confounders, tended to significantly increase with each increasing quartile of baseline AF levels of each protein (P-value for trend < .05). CONCLUSION Nine AF proteins were found to be independently associated with higher risk of subsequent SPTB in women with PTL, all of which were immune-, inflammation-, and extracellular matrix-related proteins. Moreover, risk severity for this subsequent SPTB is closely related to the degree of expression of each of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subeen Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Hammami R, Ibn Hadj MA, Mejdoub Y, Bahloul A, Charfeddine S, Abid L, Kammoun S, Dammak A, Chaabene K. Predictors of maternal and neonatal complications in women with severe valvular heart disease during pregnancy in Tunisia: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:813. [PMID: 34876044 PMCID: PMC8653539 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe valvular heart disease, especially stenosis, is a contraindication for conception according to the World Health Organization. This is still encountered in countries with a high rheumatic fever prevalence. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of maternal cardiac, obstetric and neonatal complications in pregnant women with severe valve disease. Methods This is an observational retrospective cohort study of all pregnant women with severe heart valvulopathy who gave birth between 2010 and 2017. Results We included 60 pregnancies in 54 women. Cardiac complications occurred during 37 pregnancies (61%). In multivariate analysis, parity (aOR =2.41, 95% CI[1.12–5.16]), revelation of valvulopathy during pregnancy (aOR = 6.34; 95% CI[1.26–31.77]), severe mitral stenosis (aOR = 6.98, 95% CI[1.14–41.05],) and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (aOR =1.08, 95% CI[1.01–1.14]) were associated with cardiac complications. Obstetrical complications were noted during 19 pregnancies (31.8%). These complications were associated with nulliparity (aOR = 5.22; 95% CI[1.15–23.6]), multiple valve disease (aOR = 5.26, 95% CI[1.19–23.2]), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (aOR =1.04, 95% CI[1.002–1.09]), and treatment with vitamin K antagonists (aOR = 8.71, 95% CI[1.98–38.2]). Neonatal complications were noted in 39.3% of newborns (n = 61) and these were associated with occurrence of obstetric complications (aOR = 16.47, 95% CI[3.2–84.3]) and revelation of valvulopathy during pregnancy (aOR = 7.33, 95% CI[1.4–36.1]). Conclusions Revelation of valvular heart disease during pregnancy is a predictor of not only cardiac but also neonatal complications. Valvular heart disease screening during pre-conceptional counseling is thus crucial. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-04259-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hammami
- Department of Cardiology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Research Unit UR 17ES37, Faculty of Medicine, University of SFAX, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | | | - Yosra Mejdoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amine Bahloul
- Department of Cardiology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit UR 17ES37, Faculty of Medicine, University of SFAX, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Selma Charfeddine
- Department of Cardiology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit UR 17ES37, Faculty of Medicine, University of SFAX, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Abid
- Department of Cardiology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit UR 17ES37, Faculty of Medicine, University of SFAX, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Samir Kammoun
- Department of Cardiology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit UR 17ES37, Faculty of Medicine, University of SFAX, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdallah Dammak
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kais Chaabene
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Hochler H, Guedalia J, Lipschuetz M, Walfisch A, Yagel S, Guedalia Friedman E, Unger R, Sergienko R, Yoles I, Kabiri D, Cohen SM, Sheiner E. Normal labor curve in twin gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:546.e1-546.e11. [PMID: 34363782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to progress is one of the leading indications for cesarean delivery in trials of labor in twin gestations. However, assessment of labor progression in twin labors is managed according to singleton labor curves. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to establish a partogram for twin deliveries that reflects normal and abnormal labor progression and customized labor curves for different subgroups of twin labors. STUDY DESIGN This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort analysis of twin deliveries that were recorded in 3 tertiary medical centers between 2003 and 2017. Eligible parturients were those with twin gestations at ≥34 weeks' gestation with cephalic presentation of the presenting twin and ≥2 cervical examinations during labor. Exclusion criteria were elective cesarean delivery without a trial of labor, major fetal anomalies, and fetal demise. The study group comprised twin gestations, whereas singleton gestations comprised the control group. Statistical analysis was performed using Python 3.7.3 and SPSS, version 27. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests. Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test were applied to analyze the differences in continuous variables, as appropriate. RESULTS A total of 1375 twin deliveries and 142,659 singleton deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Duration of the active phase of labor was significantly longer in twin labors than in singleton labors in both nulliparous and multiparous parturients; the 95th percentile duration was 2 hours longer in nulliparous twin labors and >3.5 hours longer in multiparous twin labors than in singleton labors. The cervical dilation progression rate was significantly slower in twin deliveries than in singleton deliveries with a mean rate in twin deliveries of 1.89 cm/h (95th percentile, 0.51 cm/h) and a mean rate of 2.48 cm/h (95th percentile, 0.73 cm/h) in singleton deliveries (P<.001). In addition, epidural use further slowed labor progression in twin deliveries. The second stage of labor was also markedly longer in twin deliveries, both in nulliparous and multiparous women (95th percentile, 3.04 vs 2.83 hours, P=.002). CONCLUSION Twin labors are characterized by a slower progression of the active phase and second stage of labor compared with singleton labors in nulliparous and multiparous parturients. Epidural analgesia further slows labor progression in twin labors. Implementation of these findings in clinical management might lower cesarean delivery rates among cases with protracted labor in twin gestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Hochler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua Guedalia
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Lipschuetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asnat Walfisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simcha Yagel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Efrat Guedalia Friedman
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ron Unger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Yoles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Doron Kabiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah M Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Sheiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
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Shynlova O, Boros-Rausch A, Farine T, Adams Waldorf KM, Dunk C, Lye SJ. Decidual Inflammation Drives Chemokine-Mediated Immune Infiltration Contributing to Term Labor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2015-2026. [PMID: 34526377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of maternal peripheral leukocytes into the uterine tissues is a critical event occurring before, during, and after term labor (TL). In this article, we investigate the contribution of uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) and pregnant endometrium (decidua) to the inflammatory process during human TL. We hypothesize that labor-related physiological inflammation is orchestrated by uterine-secreted cytokines, which dually activate the uterine vascular endothelium and maternal leukocytes to promote their adhesion and infiltration into the uterus. Using Luminex and ELISA assays, we examine a full range of cytokines (45 proteins) in media conditioned by primary decidual and myometrial cells from TL and term not in labor (TNL) women. The effect of conditioned media on the activation of human uterine microvascular endothelial cells was measured by qPCR and on peripheral leukocytes by flow cytometry. Transendothelial migration of calcein-labeled primary leukocytes toward media was assessed by fluorometry. Stromal decidual cells secrete significantly higher levels of multiple cytokines compared with myometrial cells (p < 0.05) and significantly more cytokines during TL than TNL. These cytokines activate uterine microvascular endothelial cells through the upregulation of cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1 and peripheral leukocytes by upregulation of CD11b. Furthermore, multiple cytokines secreted from the TL decidua and myometrium significantly increase migration of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes compared with TNL (p < 0.05), which was blocked by a broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor (FX125L). These data reveal the critical role for decidual- and myometrial-secreted cytokines in the activation of inflammatory pathways leading to labor. We suggest that these pathways represent targets for therapeutic intervention during preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shynlova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adam Boros-Rausch
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tali Farine
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Dunk
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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35
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Leimert KB, Xu W, Princ MM, Chemtob S, Olson DM. Inflammatory Amplification: A Central Tenet of Uterine Transition for Labor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:660983. [PMID: 34490133 PMCID: PMC8417473 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.660983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In preparation for delivery, the uterus transitions from actively maintaining quiescence during pregnancy to an active parturient state. This transition occurs as a result of the accumulation of pro-inflammatory signals which are amplified by positive feedback interactions involving paracrine and autocrine signaling at the level of each intrauterine cell and tissue. The amplification events occur in parallel until they reach a certain threshold, ‘tipping the scale’ and contributing to processes of uterine activation and functional progesterone withdrawal. The described signaling interactions all occur upstream from the presentation of clinical labor symptoms. In this review, we will: 1) describe the different physiological processes involved in uterine transition for each intrauterine tissue; 2) compare and contrast the current models of labor initiation; 3) introduce innovative models for measuring paracrine inflammatory interactions; and 4) discuss the therapeutic value in identifying and targeting key players in this crucial event for preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelycia B Leimert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wendy Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Princ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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36
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Next generation strategies for preventing preterm birth. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:190-209. [PMID: 33895215 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Globally, 15 million infants are born prematurely, putting these children at an increased risk of mortality and lifelong health challenges. Currently in the U.S., there is only one FDA approved therapy for the prevention of preterm birth. Makena is an intramuscular progestin injection given to women who have experienced a premature delivery in the past. Recently, however, Makena failed a confirmatory trial, resulting the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research's (CDER) recommendation for the FDA to withdrawal Makena's approval. This recommendation would leave clinicians with no therapeutic options for preventing PTB. Here, we outline recent interdisciplinary efforts involving physicians, pharmacologists, biologists, chemists, and engineers to understand risk factors associated with PTB, to define mechanisms that contribute to PTB, and to develop next generation therapies for preventing PTB. These advances have the potential to better identify women at risk for PTB, prevent the onset of premature labor, and, ultimately, save infant lives.
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37
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Coler BS, Shynlova O, Boros-Rausch A, Lye S, McCartney S, Leimert KB, Xu W, Chemtob S, Olson D, Li M, Huebner E, Curtin A, Kachikis A, Savitsky L, Paul JW, Smith R, Adams Waldorf KM. Landscape of Preterm Birth Therapeutics and a Path Forward. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2912. [PMID: 34209869 PMCID: PMC8268657 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) remains the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Despite 50 years of research, therapeutic options are limited and many lack clear efficacy. Tocolytic agents are drugs that briefly delay PTB, typically to allow antenatal corticosteroid administration for accelerating fetal lung maturity or to transfer patients to high-level care facilities. Globally, there is an unmet need for better tocolytic agents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although most tocolytics, such as betamimetics and indomethacin, suppress downstream mediators of the parturition pathway, newer therapeutics are being designed to selectively target inflammatory checkpoints with the goal of providing broader and more effective tocolysis. However, the relatively small market for new PTB therapeutics and formidable regulatory hurdles have led to minimal pharmaceutical interest and a stagnant drug pipeline. In this review, we present the current landscape of PTB therapeutics, assessing the history of drug development, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and the updated literature on drug efficacy. We also review the regulatory hurdles and other obstacles impairing novel tocolytic development. Ultimately, we present possible steps to expedite drug development and meet the growing need for effective preterm birth therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahm Seymour Coler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Oksana Shynlova
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (O.S.); (A.B.-R.); (S.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Adam Boros-Rausch
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (O.S.); (A.B.-R.); (S.L.)
| | - Stephen Lye
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (O.S.); (A.B.-R.); (S.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
| | - Stephen McCartney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Kelycia B. Leimert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada; (K.B.L.); (W.X.); (D.O.)
| | - Wendy Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada; (K.B.L.); (W.X.); (D.O.)
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - David Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada; (K.B.L.); (W.X.); (D.O.)
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Miranda Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
- Department of Biological Sciencies, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emily Huebner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Anna Curtin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Alisa Kachikis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Leah Savitsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
| | - Jonathan W. Paul
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.W.P.); (R.S.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.W.P.); (R.S.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (B.S.C.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (E.H.); (A.C.); (A.K.); (L.S.)
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Zhang J, Zhan W, Lin Y, Yang D, Li L, Xue X, Lin Z, Pan M. Development and external validation of a nomogram for predicting preterm birth at < 32 weeks in twin pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12430. [PMID: 34127744 PMCID: PMC8203618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic model to predict the risk of spontaneous preterm birth at < 32 weeks in twin pregnancy. A retrospective clinical study of consecutively asymptomatic women with twin pregnancies from January 2017 to December 2019 in two tertiary medical centres was performed. Data from one centre were used to construct the model, and data from the other were used to evaluate the model. Data on maternal demographic characteristics, transvaginal cervical length and funnelling during 20-24 weeks were extracted. The prediction model was constructed with independent variables determined by multivariate logistic regression analyses. After applying specified exclusion criteria, an algorithm with maternal and biophysical factors was developed based on 88 twin pregnancies with a preterm birth < 32 weeks and 639 twin pregnancies with a delivery ≥ 32 weeks. It was then evaluated among 34 pregnancies with a preterm birth < 32 weeks and 252 pregnancies with a delivery ≥ 32 weeks in a second tertiary centre without specific training. The model reached a sensitivity of 80.00%, specificity of 88.17%, positive predictive value of 50.33% and negative predictive value of 96.71%; ROC characteristics proved that the model was superior to any single parameter with an AUC of 0.848 (all P < 0.005). We developed and validated a dynamic nomogram model to predict the individual probability of early preterm birth to better represent the complex aetiology of twin pregnancies and hopefully improve the prediction and indication of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Yanling Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shengli Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Danlin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoying Xue
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Mian Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, Fujian, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.18 Daoshan Road, Fujian, 350001, China.
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39
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Torres A, Palmeri ML, Feltovich H, Hall TJ, Rosado-Mendez IM. Shear wave dispersion as a potential biomarker for cervical remodeling during pregnancy: evidence from a non-human primate model. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 8:606664. [PMID: 34178971 PMCID: PMC8225254 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2020.606664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave dispersion (variation of phase velocity with frequency) occurs in tissues with layered and anisotropic microstructure and viscous components, such as the uterine cervix. This phenomenon, mostly overlooked in previous applications of cervical Shear Wave Elasticity Imaging (SWEI) for preterm birth risk assessment, is expected to change drastically during pregnancy due to cervical remodeling. Here we demonstrate the potential of SWEI-based descriptors of dispersion as potential biomarkers for cervical remodeling during pregnancy. First, we performed a simulation-based pre-selection of two SWEI-based dispersion descriptors: the ratio R of group velocities computed with particle-velocity and particle-displacement, and the slope S of the phase velocity vs. frequency. The pre-selection consisted of comparing the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of dispersion descriptors in materials with different degrees of dispersion with respect to a low-dispersive medium. Shear waves induced in these media by SWEI were simulated with a finite-element model of Zener viscoelastic solids. The pre-selection also considered two denoising strategies to improve CNR: a low-pass filter with automatic frequency cutoff determination, and singular value decomposition of shear wave displacements. After pre-selection, the descriptor-denoising combination that produced the largest CNR was applied to SWEI cervix data from 18 pregnant Rhesus macaques acquired at weeks 10 (mid-pregnancy stage) and 23 (late pregnancy stage) of the 24.5-week full pregnancy. A maximum likelihood linear mixed-effects model (LME) was used to evaluate the dependence of the dispersion descriptor on pregnancy stage, maternal age, parity and other experimental factors. The pre-selection study showed that descriptor S combined with singular value decomposition produced a CNR 11.6 times larger than the other descriptor and denoising strategy combinations. In the Non-Human Primates (NHP) study, the LME model showed that descriptor S significantly decreased from mid to late pregnancy (-0.37 ± 0.07 m/s-kHz per week, p <0.00001) with respect to the base value of 15.5 ± 1.9 m/s-kHz. This change was more significant than changes in other SWEI features such as the group velocity previously reported. Also, S varied significantly between the anterior and posterior portions of the cervix (p =0.02) and with maternal age (p =0.008). Given the potential of shear wave dispersion to track cervical remodeling, we will extend its application to ongoing longitudinal human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Torres
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
| | | | | | - Timothy J. Hall
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ivan M. Rosado-Mendez
- Departamento de Física Experimental, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, MEX
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Hyaluronidase Impairs Neutrophil Function and Promotes Group B Streptococcus Invasion and Preterm Labor in Nonhuman Primates. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03115-20. [PMID: 33402537 PMCID: PMC8545101 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03115-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive bacterial infections during pregnancy are a major risk factor for preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal injury. Group B streptococci (GBS) are Gram-positive bacteria that asymptomatically colonize the lower genital tract but infect the amniotic fluid and induce preterm birth or stillbirth. Experimental models that closely emulate human pregnancy are pivotal for the development of successful strategies to prevent these adverse pregnancy outcomes. Using a unique nonhuman primate model that mimics human pregnancy and informs temporal events surrounding amniotic cavity invasion and preterm labor, we show that the animals inoculated with hyaluronidase (HylB)-expressing GBS consistently exhibited microbial invasion into the amniotic cavity, fetal bacteremia, and preterm labor. Although delayed cytokine responses were observed at the maternal-fetal interface, increased prostaglandin and matrix metalloproteinase levels in these animals likely mediated preterm labor. HylB-proficient GBS dampened reactive oxygen species production and exhibited increased resistance to neutrophils compared to an isogenic mutant. Together, these findings demonstrate how a bacterial enzyme promotes GBS amniotic cavity invasion and preterm labor in a model that closely resembles human pregnancy.
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Accelerated fetal growth in early pregnancy and risk of preterm birth: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:764. [PMID: 33297996 PMCID: PMC7724842 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth (occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation) affects 15 million infants annually, 7.5% of which die due to related complications. The detection and early diagnosis are therefore paramount in order to prevent the development of prematurity and its consequences. So far, focus has been laid on the association between reduced intrauterine fetal growth during late gestation and prematurity. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between accelerated fetal growth in early pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 69,617 singleton pregnancies without congenital malformations and with available biometric measurements during the first and second trimester. Estimation of fetal growth was based on measurements of biparietal diameter (BPD) at first and second trimester scan. We investigated the association between accelerated fetal growth and preterm birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation. The outcome was further stratified into very preterm birth (before 32 weeks of gestation) or moderate preterm birth (between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation) and medically induced or spontaneous preterm birth and was further explored. RESULTS The odds of prematurity were increased among fetuses with accelerated BPD growth (> 90th centile) estimated between first and second ultrasound scan, even after adjustment for possible confounders (aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.20-1.54). The findings remained significant what regards moderate preterm births but not very preterm births. Regarding medically induced preterm birth, the odds were found to be elevated in the group of fetuses with accelerated growth in early pregnancy (aOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.11-1.63). On the contrary, fetuses with delayed fetal growth exhibited lower odds for both overall and spontaneous preterm birth. CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with accelerated BPD growth in early pregnancy, detected by ultrasound examination during the second trimester, exhibited increased odds of being born preterm. The findings of the current study suggest that fetal growth in early pregnancy should be taken into account when assessing the risk for preterm birth.
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Yulia A, Varley AJ, Singh N, Lei K, Tribe RM, Johnson MR. The interaction between protein kinase A and progesterone on basal and inflammation-induced myometrial oxytocin receptor expression. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239937. [PMID: 33259490 PMCID: PMC7707466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work has shown myometrial PKA activity declines in term and twin-preterm labour in association with an increase in the expression of the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Here we investigate the action of cAMP/PKA in basal conditions, with the addition of progesterone (P4) and/or IL-1β to understand how cAMP/PKA acts to maintain pregnancy and whether the combination of cAMP and P4 would be a viable therapeutic combination for the prevention of preterm labour (PTL). Further, given that we have previously found that cAMP enhances P4 action we wanted to test the hypothesis that changes in the cAMP effector system are responsible for the functional withdrawal of myometrial P4 action. Myometrial cells were grown from biopsies obtained from women at the time of elective Caesarean section before the onset of labour. The addition of forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, repressed basal OTR mRNA levels at all doses and P4 only enhanced this effect at its highest dose. Forskolin repressed the IL-1β-induced increase in OTR mRNA and protein levels in a PKA-dependent fashion and repressed IL-1β-activation and nuclear transfer of NFκB and AP-1. P4 had similar effects and the combination P4 and forskolin had greater effects on OTR and NFκB than forskolin alone. While PKA knockdown had no effect on the ability of P4 to repress IL-1β-induced OTR expression it reversed the repressive effect of the combination of P4 and forskolin and resulted in a greater increase than observed with IL-1β alone. These studies suggest that cAMP acts via PKA to repress inflammation-driven OTR expression, but that when PKA activity is reduced, the combination of cAMP and P4 actually enhances the OTR response to inflammation, promoting the onset of labour and suggesting that changes in the cAMP effector system can induce a functional P4 withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yulia
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice J. Varley
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Singh
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaiyu Lei
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M. Tribe
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Johnson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hong S, Lee JE, Kim YM, Park Y, Choi JW, Park KH. Identifying potential biomarkers related to pre-term delivery by proteomic analysis of amniotic fluid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19648. [PMID: 33184413 PMCID: PMC7665029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify biomarkers in the amniotic fluid (AF) and specific signaling pathways related to spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD, < 34 weeks) in women with preterm labor (PTL) without intra-uterine infection/inflammation (IUI). This was a retrospective cohort study of a total of 139 PTL women with singleton gestation (24 + 0 to 32 + 6 weeks) who underwent amniocentesis and who displayed no evidence of IUI. A nested case-control was conducted using pooled AF samples (n = 20) analyzed via label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the total cohort, an ELISA validation study was performed for seven candidate proteins of interest. Proteomic analysis identified 77 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, P < 0.05) in the AF from SPTD cases compared to term delivery controls. ELISA validation confirmed that women who had an SPTD before 34 weeks had significantly independently lower levels of VEGFR-1 and higher levels of lipocalin-2 and the Fc fragment of IgG binding protein in the AF. Five principle pathways associated with the 77 DEPs were identified, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and iron homeostasis. The proteomic analysis data of AFs from women with PTL identified several novel biomarkers and specific protein pathways related to SPTD in the absence of IUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeen Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Korea
| | - Yehyon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Choi
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Korea
| | - Kyo Hoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 463-707, Korea.
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Singh N, Herbert B, Sooranna G, Das A, Sooranna SR, Yellon SM, Johnson MR. Distinct preterm labor phenotypes have unique inflammatory signatures and contraction associated protein profiles†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:1031-1045. [PMID: 31411323 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm labor (PTL) is the predominant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. It has several phenotypes, each with a distinct etiology often involving inflammation. Here, in samples of reproductive tissues obtained in early PTL from women with phenotypically defined PTL, we examined the presence and distribution of inflammation and its relationship with prolabor gene expression. In chorioamnionitis (CA-PTL), cytokine protein concentrations were increased across all tissues; in idiopathic (I-PTL), the inflammatory changes were limited to the choriodecidua; inflammation was not a feature of placental abruption (PA-PTL). CA-PTL was associated with activation of p65 in the myometrium and AP-1 in the choriodecidua, and PA-PTL with CREB in the choriodecidua. In the myometrium, PGHS-2 mRNA level was increased in CA- and I-PTL; in the amnion, PGHS-2 mRNA level was higher in PA- and I-PTL, while in CA-PTL, OT, OTR mRNA, and CX-43 expression were increased. In the choriodecidua, PGHS-2 mRNA level was unchanged, but in CA and I-PTL, OT mRNA level were increased and OTR was reduced. These data show that CA-PTL is associated with widespread inflammation and prolabor gene expression. In contrast, in I-PTL, inflammation is limited to the choriodecidua, with discrete increases in PGHS-2 in the amnion and OT in the choriodecidua. Inflammation is not a feature of PA-PTL, which is associated with increased OT and OTR in the amnion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Singh
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bronwen Herbert
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Sooranna
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anya Das
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M Yellon
- Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, London, United Kingdom
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Galaz J, Romero R, Xu Y, Miller D, Levenson D, Para R, Varrey A, Hsu R, Tong A, Hassan SS, Hsu CD, Gomez-Lopez N. Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with a sonographic short cervix. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:665-676. [PMID: 32716907 PMCID: PMC8272936 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives A sonographic short cervix is one of the strongest predictors of preterm delivery. However, the cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid in women with a short cervix has not yet been described. Herein, we determined cellular and soluble immune responses in amniotic fluid from pregnant women with a mid-trimester asymptomatic short cervix. Methods Amniotic fluid samples (n=77) were collected from asymptomatic women with a cervical length between 15 and 25 mm (n=36, short cervix) or ≤15 mm (n=41, severely short cervix) diagnosed by ultrasound. Flow cytometry and multiplex measurement of cytokines/chemokines were performed. Results (1) The cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid did not differ between women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) and those with a short cervix 15-25 mm; (2) amniotic fluid concentrations of multiple cytokines/chemokines were higher in women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) than in those with a short cervix 15-25 mm; (3) the cellular immune composition of amniotic fluid did not differ between women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) who ultimately underwent preterm delivery and those who delivered at term; and (4) amniotic fluid concentrations of IL-2, but not other immune mediators, were increased in women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) who ultimately delivered preterm compared to those who delivered at term. Conclusions Women with a severely short cervix (≤15 mm) have increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators in the amniotic cavity; yet, these do not translate to changes in the cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Galaz
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dustyn Levenson
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert Para
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Aneesha Varrey
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard Hsu
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anna Tong
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chaur-Dong Hsu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Richardson LS, Radnaa E, Urrabaz-Garza R, Lavu N, Menon R. Stretch, scratch, and stress: Suppressors and supporters of senescence in human fetal membranes. Placenta 2020; 99:27-34. [PMID: 32750642 PMCID: PMC7530028 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout gestation, amnion membranes undergo mechanical and or physiological stretch, scratch, or stress which is withstood by repairing and remodeling processes to protect the growing fetus. At term, increased oxidative stress (OS) activates p38MAPK, induces senescence, and inflammation contributing to membrane dysfunction to promote labor. However, the signaling initiated by stretch and scratch is still unclear. This study compares the induction of p38MAPK mediated senescence by stretch, scratch, and stress in human amnion epithelial cells (AECs). METHODS Primary AECs from term, not-in-labor, fetal membranes were cultured using the following conditions (N = 3); 1) CellFlex chambers with or without 20% biaxial stretch, 2) 8-well coverslips with or without scratch, and 3) cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) inducing OS. p38MAPK (Western blot or immunocytochemistry), senescence activation, and inflammation (matrix metalloproteinases 9 [MMP9] activity-ELISA) were determined in cells exposed to various conditions. T-test and One-Way ANOVA was used to assess significance. RESULTS Biological membrane extension, mimicked by 20% biaxial stretch of AEC, maintained an epithelial morphology and activated P-p38MAPK (P = 0.02) compared to the non-stretch controls, but did not induce senescence or MMP9 activation. AEC scratches were healed within 40-hrs, which included proliferation, migration, and cellular transitions aided by p38MAPK activation but not senescence. CSE induced OS increased p38MAPK (P = 0.018) activation, senescence (P = 0.019), and MMP9 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Physiologic stretch and scratch experienced during gestation can cause p38MAPK activation without causing senescence or inflammation. This may be indicative of p38MAPK's role in tissue remodeling during pregnancy. Overwhelming OS, experienced at term, results in P-p38MAPK mediated senescence and inflammation to disrupt membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Richardson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
| | - Rheanna Urrabaz-Garza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
| | - Narmada Lavu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA.
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Abstract
Term labour is a state of physiological inflammation orchestrated by multiple uterine tissues (both fetal and maternal). This physiological inflammation preceding and accompanying labour onset is characterized by an increase in cytokine and chemokine secretion by the fetal membranes, as well as uterine tissues (i.e., decidua and myometrium). Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines activate circulating maternal peripheral leukocytes as well as the uterine vascular endothelium to permit leukocyte infiltration into the uterus. This inflammatory milieu, in the absence of infection, is required for the initiation of labour as the uterine-infiltrated leukocytes secrete matrix metalloproteinases to induce fetal membrane rupture and cervical ripening as well as various labour mediators, which promote contractions of the myometrium. Myometrial activation at term and the onset of labour contractions are directly related to the changes in the ovarian/placental hormone progesterone and its downstream mediators (i.e., the progesterone receptors, PRA/B), which are also critical for maintenance of pregnancy. Our recent data provides direct evidence in support of local and functional P4 withdrawal in the uterine muscle (myometrium) via the activator protein-1 (AP-1) mediated pathway. This review outlines known mechanisms regulating activation of human labour, including progesterone and cytokine signaling. Understanding of the molecular mechanism of myometrial activation and labour onset could facilitate the development of new therapeutics for high-risk pregnant women to prevent premature uterine activation and preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shynlova
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Physiology and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lubna Nadeem
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Caroline Dunk
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Physiology and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Guerra DD, Hurt KJ. Gasotransmitters in pregnancy: from conception to uterine involution. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:4-25. [PMID: 30848786 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasotransmitters are endogenous small gaseous messengers exemplified by nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S or sulfide). Gasotransmitters are implicated in myriad physiologic functions including many aspects of reproduction. Our objective was to comprehensively review basic mechanisms and functions of gasotransmitters during pregnancy from conception to uterine involution and highlight future research opportunities. We searched PubMed and Web of Science databases using combinations of keywords nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfide, placenta, uterus, labor, and pregnancy. We included English language publications on human and animal studies from any date through August 2018 and retained basic and translational articles with relevant original findings. All gasotransmitters activate cGMP signaling. NO and sulfide also covalently modify target protein cysteines. Protein kinases and ion channels transduce gasotransmitter signals, and co-expressed gasotransmitters can be synergistic or antagonistic depending on cell type. Gasotransmitters influence tubal transit, placentation, cervical remodeling, and myometrial contractility. NO, CO, and sulfide dilate resistance vessels, suppress inflammation, and relax myometrium to promote uterine quiescence and normal placentation. Cervical remodeling and rupture of fetal membranes coincide with enhanced oxidation and altered gasotransmitter metabolism. Mechanisms mediating cellular and organismal changes in pregnancy due to gasotransmitters are largely unknown. Altered gasotransmitter signaling has been reported for preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, premature rupture of membranes, and preterm labor. However, in most cases specific molecular changes are not yet characterized. Nonclassical signaling pathways and the crosstalk among gasotransmitters are emerging investigation topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian D Guerra
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Joseph Hurt
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Menon R, Behnia F, Polettini J, Richardson LS. Novel pathways of inflammation in human fetal membranes associated with preterm birth and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:431-450. [PMID: 32785751 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) and preterm pre-labor rupture of the membranes (pPROM) are major pregnancy complications. Although PTB and pPROM have common etiologies, they arise from distinct pathophysiologic pathways. Inflammation is a common underlying mechanism in both conditions. Balanced inflammation is required for fetoplacental growth; however, overwhelming inflammation (physiologic at term and pathologic at preterm) can lead to term and preterm parturition. A lack of effective strategies to control inflammation and reduce the risk of PTB and pPROM suggests that there are several modes of the generation of inflammation which may be dependent on the type of uterine tissue. The avascular fetal membrane (amniochorion), which provides structure, support, and protection to the intrauterine cavity, is one of the key contributors of inflammation. Localized membrane inflammation helps tissue remodeling during pregnancy. Two unique mechanisms that generate balanced inflammation are the progressive development of senescence (aging) and cyclic cellular transitions: epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial (MET). The intrauterine build-up of oxidative stress at term or in response to risk factors (preterm) can accelerate senescence and promote a terminal state of EMT, resulting in the accumulation of inflammation. Inflammation degrades the matrix and destabilizes membrane function. Inflammatory mediators from damaged membranes are propagated via extracellular vesicles (EV) to maternal uterine tissues and transition quiescent maternal uterine tissues into an active state of labor. Membrane inflammation and its propagation are fetal signals that may promote parturition. This review summarizes the mechanisms of fetal membrane cellular senescence, transitions, and the generation of inflammation that contributes to term and preterm parturitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, MRB 11.138, 301 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA.
| | - Faranak Behnia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, UT Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jossimara Polettini
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Passo Fundo, Rua Capitão Araujo, 20, Centro, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lauren S Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine & Perinatal Research, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, MRB 11.138, 301 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-1062, USA
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50
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Peterson LS, Stelzer IA, Tsai AS, Ghaemi MS, Han X, Ando K, Winn VD, Martinez NR, Contrepois K, Moufarrej MN, Quake S, Relman DA, Snyder MP, Shaw GM, Stevenson DK, Wong RJ, Arck P, Angst MS, Aghaeepour N, Gaudilliere B. Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:397-412. [PMID: 32020337 PMCID: PMC7508753 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in children under the age of five worldwide. Despite major efforts, we still lack the ability to accurately predict and effectively prevent preterm birth. While multiple factors contribute to preterm labor, dysregulations of immunological adaptations required for the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy is at its pathophysiological core. Consequently, a precise understanding of these chronologically paced immune adaptations and of the biological pacemakers that synchronize the pregnancy "immune clock" is a critical first step towards identifying deviations that are hallmarks of peterm birth. Here, we will review key elements of the fetal, placental, and maternal pacemakers that program the immune clock of pregnancy. We will then emphasize multiomic studies that enable a more integrated view of pregnancy-related immune adaptations. Such multiomic assessments can strengthen the biological plausibility of immunological findings and increase the power of biological signatures predictive of preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Peterson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy S Tsai
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad S Ghaemi
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadine R Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Contrepois
- Stanford Metabolic Health Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mira N Moufarrej
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Petra Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Department of Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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