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Sharma MK, Das E, Sahni H, Mirano J, Graham K, Kumar A, Finkle C. Engaging Community Health Workers to Enhance Modern Contraceptive Uptake Among Young First-Time Parents in Five Cities of Uttar Pradesh. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2024; 12:e2200170. [PMID: 38575360 PMCID: PMC11111106 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young newly married women and first-time parents (FTPs), particularly those living in slum settlements, have a high unmet need for modern contraceptive methods to limit and space births. We describe an intervention in which adolescents and youth sexual and reproductive health (AYSRH) services tailored to FTPs were incorporated into the government's existing family planning (FP) program in 5 cities of Uttar Pradesh. We examined the effect of this intervention on modern contraceptive use among FTPs aged 15-24 years. METHODS To assess the effect of this pilot, in 2019, 1 year after the implementation of the program, we analyzed community-based output tracking survey data on 549 married women who are FTPs in the pilot cities. These FTPs were compared with 253 women who were FTPs from other cities where the program was implemented without a specific focus on FTPs. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to understand the association between exposure to FP information, either through accredited social health activists or through service delivery points, and use of modern contraceptives. RESULTS Use of modern contraceptives was higher among FTPs in the 5 pilot cities than non-pilot cities (39% vs. 32%; P<.05). The interaction effect of city type and exposure to the information showed a positive association between modern contraceptive use and program exposure, greater in pilot cities than non-pilot cities. CONCLUSIONS Higher uptake of modern contraceptives among young women may be achieved when an FTP-focused intervention is layered on the government's existing FP programs. Future studies with a longer duration of implementation, in a wider geography, and with longitudinal design are recommended to provide more robust measures of high impact intervention/practices in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Das
- Population Services International, New Delhi, India
| | - Hitesh Sahni
- Population Services International, New Delhi, India
| | - Jessica Mirano
- William H. Gates Sr. Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kate Graham
- William H. Gates Sr. Institute for Population and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Population Council Consulting Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
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Hassen TA, Chojenta C, Khan MN, Shifti DM, Harris ML. Short birth interval in the Asia-Pacific region: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04072. [PMID: 38700432 PMCID: PMC11067827 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short birth interval is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes for mothers and children. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence on short birth interval in the Asia-Pacific region. Thus, this study aimed to synthesise evidence related to the definition, classification, prevalence, and predictors of short birth interval in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Maternity and Infant Care, and Web of Science) were searched for studies published between September 2000 and May 2023 (the last search was conducted for all databases in May 2023). We included original studies published in English that reported on short birth interval in the Asia-Pacific region. Studies that combined birth interval with birth order, used multi-country data and were published as conference abstracts and commentaries were excluded. Three independent reviewers screened the articles for relevancy, and two reviewers performed the data extraction and quality assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. The findings were both qualitatively and quantitatively synthesised and presented. Results A total of 140 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. About 58% (n = 82) of the studies defined short birth interval, while 42% (n = 58) did not. Out of 82 studies, nearly half (n = 39) measured a birth-to-birth interval, 37 studies measured a birth-to-pregnancy, four measured a pregnancy-to-pregnancy, and two studies measured a pregnancy loss-to-conception. Approximately 39% (n = 55) and 6% (n = 8) of studies classified short birth intervals as <24 months and <33 months, respectively. Most of the included studies were cross-sectional, and about two-thirds had either medium or high risk of bias. The pooled prevalence of short birth interval was 33.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.0-44.6, I2 = 99.9%, P < 0.01) among the studies that used the World Health Organization definition. Conclusions This review's findings highlighted significant variations in the definition, measurement, classification, and reported prevalence of short birth interval across the included studies. Future research is needed to harmonise the definition and classification of short birth interval to ensure consistency and comparability across studies and facilitate the development of targeted interventions and policies. Registration PROSPERO CRD42023426975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ahmed Hassen
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Catherine Chojenta
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Desalegn Markos Shifti
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melissa Leigh Harris
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Australia
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Ding W, Xu Y, Kondracki AJ, Sun Y. Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:315-329.e31. [PMID: 37820985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated female reproductive events represent the early onset of reproductive events involving puberty, menarche, pregnancy loss, first sexual intercourse, first birth, parity, and menopause. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood adversity and accelerated female reproductive events. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched from September 22, 2022 to September 23, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in human populations were included if they reported the time of reproductive events for female individuals with experience of childhood adversity and were published in English. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened studies, obtained data, and assessed study quality, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Dichotomous outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated using random-effects models. Moderation analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 21 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies were identified. Overall, female individuals with childhood adversity were nearly 2 times more likely to report accelerated reproductive events than those with no adversity exposure (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.76; I2=99.6%; P<.001). Moderation analysis indicated that effect sizes for the types of childhood adversity ranged from an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.09) for low socioeconomic status to 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.99) for dysfunctional family dynamics. Among the 7 groups based on different reproductive events, including early onset of puberty, early menarche, early sexual initiation, teenage childbirth, preterm birth, pregnancy loss, and early menopause, early sexual initiation had a nonsignificant correlation with childhood adversity (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-8.30; I2=99.9%; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity (I2>75%) between estimates was observed for over half of the outcomes. Age, study type, and method of data collection could explain 35.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION The literature tentatively corroborates that female individuals who reported adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience accelerated reproductive events. This association is especially strong for exposure to abuse and dysfunctional family dynamics. However, the heterogeneity among studies was high, requiring caution in interpreting the findings and highlighting the need for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that influence accelerated female reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anthony J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Mohamed S, Chipeta MG, Kamninga T, Nthakomwa L, Chifungo C, Mzembe T, Vellemu R, Chikwapulo V, Peterson M, Abdullahi L, Musau K, Wazny K, Zulu E, Madise N. Interventions to prevent unintended pregnancies among adolescents: a rapid overview of systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2023; 12:198. [PMID: 37858208 PMCID: PMC10585784 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Risks associated with unintended pregnancy include unsafe abortions, poor maternal health-seeking behaviour, poor mental health, and potentially, maternal and infant deaths. Adolescent girls with unintended pregnancies are particularly vulnerable as they are at higher risk of eclampsia, premature onset of labour, and increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Unintended pregnancy, with the right combination of interventions, can be avoided. Evidence-based decision-making and the need for a robust appraisal of the evidence have resulted in many systematic reviews. This review of systematic reviews focuses on adolescent pregnancy prevention and will seek to facilitate evidence-based decision-making. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of each review according to the AMSTAR 2 criteria. We identified three systematic reviews from low- and middle-income countries and high-income counties and included all socioeconomic groups. We used vote counting and individual narrative review summaries to present the results. Overall, skill-building, peer-led and abstinence programmes were generally effective. Interventions focused on information only, counselling and interactive sessions provided mixed results.In contrast, exposure to parenting and delaying sexual debut interventions were generally ineffective. Adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions that deploy school-based primary prevention strategies, i.e. strategies that prevent unintended pregnancies in the first place, may effectively reduce teenage pregnancy rates, improve contraceptive use, attitudes and knowledge, and delay sexual debut. However, the included studies have methodological issues, and our ability to generalise the result is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Mohamed
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Michael G Chipeta
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi.
| | | | - Lomuthando Nthakomwa
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Chimwemwe Chifungo
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Themba Mzembe
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Ruth Vellemu
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Victor Chikwapulo
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Maame Peterson
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Leyla Abdullahi
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kelvin Musau
- The Children's Investment Fund Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kerri Wazny
- The Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, UK
| | - Eliya Zulu
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nyovani Madise
- African Institute for Development Policy (AFIDEP), 13/41 Presidential Way, Public Service Pension Fund Building, P.O Box 31024, Lilongwe, Malawi
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Soria-Contreras DC, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Perng W, Hivert MF, Chavarro JE, Oken E. Associations of age at first birth and lifetime parity with weight and adiposity across midlife in women from Project Viva. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2407-2416. [PMID: 37485799 PMCID: PMC10524615 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the associations of age at first birth and parity with weight, waist circumference (WC), and body fat across midlife. METHODS A secondary data analysis was conducted with 735 participants from Project Viva who reported their age at first birth and lifetime parity at a midlife study visit. Weight, WC, and body fat were measured up to four times after the participants' final birth, and associations were examined using linear mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS Participants' mean (SD) age was 32.6 (4.9) years at enrollment and 30.4 (5.5) years at their first birth, and they had 2.4 (0.9) lifetime births. In adjusted models, women who had their first birth at age <23 or ≥40 years, versus age 30 to 34 years, had a higher trajectory of weight, WC, and body fat after their final birth (i.e., mean differences in weight 8.38 kg [95% CI: 4.13-12.63] for age <23 years and 6.54 kg [95% CI: 0.64-12.45] for age ≥40 years). Women with four or more births, versus two, had a higher trajectory of adiposity after accounting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Women who have a first birth before age 23 years or after age 40 years and those with multiple births may benefit from more intensive monitoring for excess adiposity gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Soria-Contreras
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Izzuddin M. Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12474 East 19 Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Landmark Center, 401 Park Drive, Suite 401 East, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Riyanti, Salim LA, Heriteluna M, Legawati. Development of pregnancy class with husband's assistance on the outcome of teenage pregnancy. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231197195. [PMID: 37746517 PMCID: PMC10515537 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231197195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Teenage pregnancy is an international phenomenon without a definite solution to date. Globally, an estimated 16 million girls aged 15-19 give birth each year. Husbands need to play their assistance role in order to thwart the negative impact of the outcome of teenage pregnancy. Research objective To identify the effect of the development of Pregnancy Classes with the Husband's Assistance on the Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy in the Dayak community, Central Kalimantan. Research methods This was a quasi-experimental study with the posttest-only non-equivalent control group design involving the husband's assistance in pregnancy classes. The respondents were 60 individuals where 30 of them were given the pregnancy class assistance intervention while the other 30 were not given any intervention (control group). Results and discussion Pregnancy class with Assistance by the husband increases positive pregnancy outcomes 2.4 times compared to without the husband's assistance. Family support increases positive pregnancy outcomes 2.5 times compared to pregnant women without support from the family. Pregnant women that are highly motivated regarding antenatal care are likely to have positive pregnancy outcomes 5.4 times greater than pregnant women with low motivation. Based on the analysis, then the variables that have no effect are the history of antenatal care, frequency of antenatal care, and support from health workers. Conclusions Pregnancy class with husband's assistance affects positive outcomes of teenage pregnancy. Other factors with meaningful influence on pregnancy outcomes include family support and motivation to seek teenage antenatal care. Furthermore, other factors that have no influence include the teenager's age, history of antenatal care, frequency of antenatal care, and support from health workers. An intervention is needed that involves the husband/partner in the form of active assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanti
- Faculty of Public Health, UNAIR, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Lutfi Agus Salim
- Department of Epidemiology, Population Biostatistics and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, UNAIR, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
| | - Marselinus Heriteluna
- Diploma IV Program of Nursing, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Legawati
- Diploma III Program of Midwifery, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Center of Kalimantan, Indonesia
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Irgens-Moller N, Baum CR. Complications of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Modalities. Pediatr Emerg Care 2023; 39:443-449. [PMID: 37256282 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Long-acting reversible contraception has risen in popularity in recent decades and is becoming one of the more common modalities of contraception in the United States, with a growing adolescent population among its users. The 2 modalities of long-acting reversible contraception-intrauterine devices and subcutaneous hormonal implants/etonogestrel implants (referred to as Nexplanon in the US)-are beneficial for their excellent effectiveness, ease of use, and safety profile. This article reviews the pharmacology of these modalities, common complications and their presentations, and the initial evaluation and management in the pediatric emergency department setting. Where applicable, attention will be paid to problems unique to the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl R Baum
- Attending, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Monteiro DLM, Miranda FRD, Bruno ZV, Cavalcante MB, Lacerda IMS, Ramos JAS, Rodrigues NCP. Repeated adolescent pregnancy in Brazil from 2015 to 2019. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20221513. [PMID: 37222326 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the rate of repeated pregnancy in adolescence and its association with early marriage and education level. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted by searching the Live Births Data System. The study included all adolescents in the age group 10-19 years with live births from 2015 to 2019 (n=2,405,248), divided into three groups: G1: primiparas; G2: with 1 previous pregnancy; and G3: with two or more previous pregnancies. RESULTS Total repeated pregnancies remained stable, along the years. In the age group 10-14 years, the decrease in the period was from 5.0 to 4.7%, whereas in the age group 15-19 years, it was from 27.8 to 27.3%. Being married or in a stable union increases by 96% the chance of repeated pregnancy in the age group 10-14 years (p<0.001; OR=1.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85-2.09). In the age group 15-19 years, the chance of repeated pregnancy among the married or in stable union increased 40% (p<0.001; OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.39-1.41)). Girls aged 10-14 years with an education level of<8 years had a 64% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=1.64; 95%CI 1.53-1.75), and among those aged 15-19 years, there was a 137% higher chance of repeated pregnancy (p<0.001; OR=2.37; 95%CI 2.35-2.38). CONCLUSION Repeated pregnancy in adolescence in Brazil remains very high over the years. There is an association between low education level and early marriage with repeated pregnancies in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Leite Maia Monteiro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos - Teresópolis (RJ), Brazil
| | - Fátima Regina Dias Miranda
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Universidade do Grande Rio - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nádia Cristina Pinheiro Rodrigues
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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Mrema S, Okumu F, Schellenberg J, Fink G. Associations between the use of insecticide-treated nets in early childhood and educational outcomes, marriage and child-bearing in early adulthood: evidence from a 22-year prospective cohort study in Tanzania. Malar J 2023; 22:134. [PMID: 37098566 PMCID: PMC10127494 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) in preventing malaria in young children is well established. However, the long-term effects of early childhood ITN use on educational outcomes, fertility, and marriage in early adulthood are not well understood. METHODS This study uses 22 years of longitudinal data from rural Tanzania to investigate the associations between early life ITN use and educational attainment, fertility and marriage in early adulthood. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between early life ITN use and early adult outcomes (education, childbearing, and marriage), controlling for potential confounders, such as parental education, household asset quintiles, and year of birth. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women. RESULTS A total of 6706 participants born between 1998 and 2000 were enrolled in the study between 1998 and 2003. By 2019 a total of 604 had died and a further 723 could not be found, leaving 5379 participants who were interviewed, among whom complete data were available for 5216. Among women, sleeping under a treated net at least half of the time during early childhood ["high ITN use"] was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of completing primary school (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.13 [0.85, 1.50]) and with a 40% increase in the odds of completing secondary school (aOR 1.40 [1.11, 1.76]) compared with women sleeping less frequently under ITNs in early life (< age 5 years). Among men, high ITN use was associated with a 50% increase in the odds of completing primary school (aOR 1.50 [1.18, 1.92]) and a 56% increase in the odds of completing secondary school (aOR 1.56 [1.16, 2.08]) compared to men with low ITN use in early life. Weaker associations were found between ITN use in early life and both adolescent childbearing (aOR 0.91 [0.75, 1.10]) and early marriage (aOR 0.86 [0.69, 1.05]). CONCLUSION This study found that early life use of ITNs was strongly associated with increased school completion in both men and women. More marginal associations were found between early-life ITN use and both marriage and child-bearing in early adulthood. ITN use during early childhood may have long-term positive effects on educational attainment in Tanzania. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these associations and to explore the broader impacts of ITN use on other aspects of early adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute and University of Basel, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123, Basel, Switzerland.
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Boateng AA, Botchwey COA, Adatorvor BA, Baidoo MA, Boakye DS, Boateng R. A phenomenological study on recurrent teenage pregnancies in effutu municipality- Ghana.the experiences of teenage mothers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:218. [PMID: 36726092 PMCID: PMC9890793 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, recurrent teenage pregnancies are public health menaces that impede the quality of life of teenage mothers, their offspring, and society as a whole. However, there is paucity of information regarding factors influencing this social issue especially, in developing countries where Ghana is no exception. Moreover, this menace has been least investigated from the perspective of the teenager with multiple pregnancies. Hence, this study aimed at identifying the factors influencing recurrent teenage pregnancies and the challenges confronted by these teenage mothers. METHOD This study is a phenomenological qualitative study that was conducted in the Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Employing convenience and snowball sampling, 40 participants who were residents of the study area, had a child each, and were pregnant at the time of the study were included. Other participants included teenage mothers who had at least two (2) children. A face-to-face in-depth interview with the help of an interview guide was conducted. Proceedings were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Quotations were used in the result presentation. RESULTS The results of the study revealed that factors influencing recurrent teenage pregnancies are multifactorial. It includes peer pressure, parental neglect, poverty, living with a partner, and inadequate knowledge of family planning. The teenager with recurrent pregnancy is confronted with financial difficulties and is faced with stigmatisation in the society where she finds herself. CONCLUSION To this effect, it is important to intensify education on family planning and good parental practices among parents with teenage mothers while providing a similar form of sensitization for members of the society about the harmful effects of stigmatisation on the teenage mother and her children. Again, a social support network for teenagers with recurrent pregnancies could be formed to help curb this public health menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agartha Afful Boateng
- Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Post Office Box 25, Central Region, Winneba, Ghana.
| | - Charles Owusu-Aduomi Botchwey
- grid.442315.50000 0004 0441 5457Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Post Office Box 25, Central Region Winneba, Ghana
| | | | - Michael Afari Baidoo
- grid.442315.50000 0004 0441 5457Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Post Office Box 25, Central Region Winneba, Ghana
| | - Dorothy Serwaa Boakye
- grid.442315.50000 0004 0441 5457Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Post Office Box 25, Central Region Winneba, Ghana
| | - Richard Boateng
- grid.442315.50000 0004 0441 5457Department of Health Administration and Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Post Office Box 25, Central Region Winneba, Ghana
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Margaritis K, Margioula-Siarkou G, Margioula-Siarkou C, Petousis S, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Contraceptive methods in adolescence: a narrative review of guidelines. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2023; 28:51-57. [PMID: 36637987 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2022.2162336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent pregnancy, while recently in decline, remains a matter in need of addressing. Education and counselling are deemed crucial and this review aims at comparing published contraceptive guidelines, thus resolving any surrounding misconceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recently published contraception guidelines regarding adolescent pregnancy were retrieved. In particular, guidelines and recommendations from ACOG, RCOG, SOCG, AAP, CPS, NICE, CDC, and WHO were compared and reviewed based on each guideline's method of reporting. RESULTS Three categories of contraceptive methods are available for adolescents and recommendations on their initiation should be made based on their efficacy, according to all guidelines. Therefore, long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) should be highly recommended as the most effective method (typical use failure rate: 0.05%), followed by short-acting hormonal contraceptives (typical use failure rate: 3-9%). The third contraceptive option includes contraceptives used in the moment of intercourse and displays the lowest effectiveness (typical use failure rate: 12-25%), mostly due to its dependence on personal consistency, however offers protection against STI transmission. CONCLUSION Adolescents should be encouraged to initiate contraception, with LARCs being the primary choice followed by short-acting hormonal contraception. However, regardless of the chosen effective contraceptive method, the use of condom is necessary for STI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Margaritis
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Margioula-Siarkou
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatios Petousis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Predictors of underage pregnancy among women aged 15-19 in highly prevalent regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis based on EDHS, 2016. Sci Rep 2023; 13:857. [PMID: 36646737 PMCID: PMC9842682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Under age (teenage) pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs under the age of 20 years old. Its magnitude is increasing globally. It is much higher in low-income countries compared to high-income countries. Teenage pregnancy exposed teenagers to various obstetric and perinatal complications. However, its predictors are not well investigated in highly prevalent regions of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed individual and community-level predictors of teenage pregnancy using a multi-level logistic regression model. An in-depth secondary data analysis was performed using the fourth Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 data set. A weighted sample of 2397 teenagers was included in the final analysis. Multi co linearity and chi-square tests were checked and variables which did not fulfill the assumptions were excluded from the analysis. Four models were fitted. Variables with p value ≤ 0.2 in the bi-variable multilevel logistic regression were included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was computed. Variables with a p value of less than 0.05 in the multi-variable multilevel logistic regression were declared as statistically significant predictors. A total of 2397 weighted participants aged from 15 to 19 were involved. About 15% of teenagers were pregnant. Age [17 (AOR = 9.41: 95% CI 4.62, 19.13), 18 (AOR = 11.7: 95% CI 5.96, 23.16), 19 (AOR = 24.75: 95% CI 11.82, 51.82)], primary education (AOR = 2.09: 95% CI 1.16, 3.76), being illiterate (AOR = 1.80: 95% CI 1.19, 2.73), religion [being Muslims (AOR: 2.98:95% CI 1.80, 4.94), being Protestants (AOR = 2.02: 95% CI 1.20, 3.41)], contraceptive non use (AOR = 0.18: 95% CI 0.11, 0.31), a high proportion of family planning demand (AOR = 3.52: 95% CI 1.91, 6.49), and a high proportion of marriage (AOR = 4.30: 95% CI 2.25, 8.21) were predictors of teenage pregnancy. Age, educational status, religion, contraceptive non-use, literacy proportion of marriage and proportion of demand for family planning were the most significant predictors of teenage pregnancy. The ministry of education shall focus on universal access to education to improve female education. The government should work in collaboration with religious fathers to address reproductive and sexual issues to decrease early marriage and sexual initiation. Especial attention should be given to teenagers living in a community with a high proportion of marriage.
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13
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Liu R, Dong X, Ji X, Chen S, Yuan Q, Tao Y, Zhu Y, Wu S, Zhu J, Yang Y. Associations between sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitude and practice of partners and the occurrence of unintended pregnancy. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1042879. [PMID: 36684880 PMCID: PMC9846217 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1042879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although global contraceptive coverage has increased significantly, high rates of unintended pregnancy remain the current global status quo. A comparative analysis of the differences and correlations of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of both partners will help guide public health work according to gender characteristics and needs, and reduce the occurrence of unintended pregnancy. Methods A questionnaire survey of people with unintended pregnancies including women and their male partners (n = 1,275 pairs) who sought help from the Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from October 2017 to October 2021. Data were collected on sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices in both partners who had unintended pregnancies. Chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of unintended pregnancy and KAP and its influencing factors. Paired odds ratio and McNemar's test were used to estimate the difference and concordance of KAP between partners. Results This study included 1,275 partners with a mean age of 30.0 years. The partner's overall level of KAP is good. Compared with women, men had better knowledge (χ2 = 3.93, p = 0.047) and more active contraceptive practices (χ2 = 19.44, p < 0.001). In the analysis of partner concordance, male contraceptive intention was found to be better than female [matched pairs odds ratio (ORMP) = 2.56, p < 0.001], and the concordance of positive contraceptive practice between partners increased with male education [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.556, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.185-2.044, p = 0.001]. In partner-paired regression analysis, compared with good contraceptive knowledge in both men and women in the partner, the risk of negative contraceptive practice was 1.7 times (aOR = 1.721, 95% CI = 1.234-2.400, p = 0.001) higher with good contraceptive knowledge in women but negative in men, while women with poor contraceptive knowledge but men with good knowledge are 1.3 times (aOR = 1.349, 95% CI = 1.000-1.819, p = 0.05) more likely to have negative contraceptive practices. In addition, compared with partners with positive contraceptive attitudes, women with positive attitudes but negative men and women with negative attitudes but positive men had 1.7 and 1.4 times the risk of negative contraceptive practices, respectively. Conclusion The study found that unintended pregnancy occurs mainly in young people, and the younger age of first sexual intercourse, the low education background and the lack of discussion of contraception between partners are risk factors for not taking contraceptive measures. Men's better knowledge and contraceptive practices compared with female partners, and poor male contraceptive knowledge and attitudes may lead to a higher risk of negative contraceptive practices, the results suggest that male KAP plays an important role in promoting contraceptive use and reducing unintended pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoning Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence: Methodological considerations and analytical approaches for identifying temporal priority. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:327-355. [PMID: 37080673 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Failure to meet educational expectations in adolescence can derail an individual's potential, leading to hardship in adulthood. Lower academic achievement is also associated with poorer mental health, and both share common pathways to adult functional outcomes like employment status and economic security. Although linked in adolescence, and predictive of similar outcomes in adulthood, methodological and analytical limitations of the literature do not permit the assessment of the temporal priority between academic achievement and mental health. This omission of directionality hampers intervention and prevention efforts. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on the temporal ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms in adolescence, a particularly vulnerable developmental period. We propose methodological and analytical strategies to guide future research to disentangle the chronological ordering between academic achievement and depressive symptoms-recommendations that can be used to examine other sets of correlated variables over time. Specifically, we highlight methodological issues that require attention such as the need to understand reciprocal and cascading influences over time by attending to repeated measures and timing, measurement consistency, reporter effects, examination of processes and mechanisms, and missing data. Finally, we discuss the need to embrace analytical methods that separate within-person from between-person effects; account for heterogeneity in associations using person-centered approaches; and use the two approaches as complementary, rather than competing, for a more holistic examination of temporality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Brittain
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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15
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Vieira Martins M, Karara N, Dembiński L, Jacot-Guillarmod M, Mazur A, Hadjipanayis A, Michaud PA. Adolescent pregnancy: An important issue for paediatricians and primary care providers-A position paper from the European academy of paediatrics. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1119500. [PMID: 36824647 PMCID: PMC9941531 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing, remain a widespread health-related problem with potential short and long-term consequences. Comprehensive social, economic, environmental, structural, and cultural factors heavily impact on adolescents' sexual and reproductive health and early pregnancy. Health professionals can play a pivotal role in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Improved access to family planning, sexuality education in schools, community-based interventions, and policies contribute greatly to reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy and the adoption of respectful and responsible sexual behaviour. Additionally, health care professionals can support pregnant adolescents in making decisions under these circumstances and provide adequate health care. This review highlights actions that can guide healthcare professionals in empowering young adolescents to become more aware and capable of making informed decisions about their sexual life, health, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vieira Martins
- Young European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Portuguese Society of Pediatrics/Sociedade Portuguesa de Pediatria-SPP, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nora Karara
- Young European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Child and Youth Public Health Service, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukasz Dembiński
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Artur Mazur
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Adamos Hadjipanayis
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Medical School, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pierre-André Michaud
- European Academy of Paediatrics, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Biology & Medicine, Lausanne University, Switzerland
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16
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Chen X, Lou H, Chen L, Muhuza MPU, Chen D, Zhang X. Epidemiology of birth defects in teenage pregnancies: Based on provincial surveillance system in eastern China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1008028. [PMID: 36561870 PMCID: PMC9763884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1008028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare for adolescents and birth defects (BD) prevention are highlighted public health issues. The epidemiology of birth defects in teenage pregnancies has not been studied extensively. Objectives To investigate the prevalence trend and spectrum of BDs among teenage mothers. Methods This observational study covered all births registered in the BD surveillance system in Zhejiang Province, China, during 2012-2018. The annual change in the prevalence of BDs among adolescent mothers was estimated. Crude relative ratios using the BD categories in teenage pregnancies were calculated and compared with those in women aged 25-29 years. Results Overall, 54,571 BD cases among 1,910,977 births were included in this study, resulting in an overall prevalence of 234.64 to 409.07 per 10,000 births from 2012 to 2018 (P trend < 0.001) in total population. The prevalence of birth defects in teenage pregnancies increased from 247.19 to 387.73 per 10,000 births in 2012-2018 (P trend = 0.024). The risks of neural tube defects (relative risk [RR] = 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.56, 3.87), gastroschisis (RR = 7.02, 95% CI 5.09, 9.69), and multiple birth defects (RR=1.27, 95% CI 1.07, 1.52) were higher in teenage pregnancies than those in women aged 25-29 years. Conclusions We found a distinctive spectrum of BDs, with higher proportions of fatal or multiple anomalies in infants born to teenage mothers than in those born to adults aged 25-29 years. These results emphasize the importance of providing adolescents with better access to reproductive and prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Chen
- Department of Obstetric, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Lou
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Chen
- Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Danqing Chen
- Department of Obstetric, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,Danqing Chen
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Women's Health, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaohui Zhang
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17
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Prevalence and risk factors for female and male adolescents involved in pregnancy and abortion: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan, 2006–2016. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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18
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Mpimbi SJ, Mmbaga M, El-Khatib Z, Boltena MT, Tukay SM. Individual and Social Level Factors Influencing Repeated Pregnancy among Unmarried Adolescent Mothers in Katavi Region-Tanzania: A Qualitative Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101523. [PMID: 36291459 PMCID: PMC9600899 DOI: 10.3390/children9101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents’ pregnancy rates are still high in Tanzania, despite the efforts made by the national campaign. Within two years after the first pregnancy, adolescent mothers are more at risk of repeat conception. Repeated pregnancies are associated with increased maternal and perinatal outcomes. Katavi is a leading region in the country, with 45% adolescent pregnancy. Studies are scarce on factors influencing repeated pregnancy among unmarried adolescent mothers in the region. Therefore, this study explored the individual and social level factors influencing repeated pregnancy among unmarried adolescent mothers in the Katavi Region. An exploratory qualitative study, using key informant interviews (KIIs) was adopted for 16 participants. The study participants were unmarried adolescent mothers, aged 15–19 years, who were purposively sampled. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. QSR Nvivo version 14 was used to analyze these data. The study established the individual factors influencing repeated pregnancy, which were inadequate sexuality knowledge, individually perceived barriers to contraceptive use, and the guarantee for marriage. Furthermore, the social factors identified were the power of decision-making, peer pressure, and the parent–child relationship. Inadequate education on sexuality is observed as a crucial factor influencing repeated pregnancy. Parents as primary educators should be encouraged to talk with their children, especially adolescent girls about sexual education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Juma Mpimbi
- Monitoring Evaluation and Research Expert/Technical Advisor, ASK Aria Consulting, Dar es Salaam 16114, Tanzania
- Correspondence: (S.J.M.); (Z.E.K.)
| | - Mwajuma Mmbaga
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Katavi Referral Regional Hospital, Katavi P.O. Box 449, Tanzania
| | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- World Health Programme, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Rouyn-Noranda, QC J9X 5E4, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.J.M.); (Z.E.K.)
| | - Minyahil Tadesse Boltena
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa 1005, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Evidence Based Health Care Centre: A JBI Center of Excellence, Public Health Faculty, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia
| | - Samwel Marco Tukay
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania
- Pangani District Hospital, Pangani P.O. Box 89, Tanzania
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 78373, Tanzania
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D'Souza P, Bailey JV, Stephenson J, Oliver S. Factors influencing contraception choice and use globally: a synthesis of systematic reviews. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2022; 27:364-372. [PMID: 36047713 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2022.2096215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy has a huge adverse impact on maternal, child and family health and wealth. There is an unmet need for contraception globally, with an estimated 40% of pregnancies unintended worldwide. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed and specialist databases for systematic reviews addressing contraceptive choice, uptake or use, published in English between 2000 and 2019. Two reviewers independently selected and appraised reports and synthesised quantitative and qualitative review findings. We mapped emergent themes to a social determinants of health framework to develop our understanding of the complexities of contraceptive choice and use. FINDINGS We found 24 systematic reviews of mostly moderate or high quality. Factors affecting contraception use are remarkably similar among women in very different cultures and settings globally. Use of contraception is influenced by the perceived likelihood and appeal of pregnancy, and relationship status. It is influenced by women's knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of side effects and health risks. Male partners have a strong influence, as do peers' views and experiences, and families' expectations. Lack of education and poverty is linked with low contraception use, and social and cultural norms influence contraception and expectations of family size and timing. Contraception use also depends upon their availability, the accessibility, confidentiality and costs of health services, and attitudes, behaviour and skills of health practitioners. INTERPRETATION Contraception has remarkably far-reaching benefits and is highly cost-effective. However, women worldwide lack sufficient knowledge, capability and opportunity to make reproductive choices, and health care systems often fail to provide access and informed choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethy D'Souza
- UCL Department of Social Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julia V Bailey
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Judith Stephenson
- Medical School Building, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sandy Oliver
- UCL Department of Social Science, University College London, London, UK.,Faculty of the Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburgand, UK
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20
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Cioffi CC, Schweer-Collins ML, Leve LD. Pregnancy and miscarriage predict suicide attempts but not substance use among dual-systems involved female adolescents. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2022; 137:106494. [PMID: 37089705 PMCID: PMC10118061 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background To examine the associations between adolescent pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes on substance use and suicide attempts in a sample who is at greater risk for substance use and suicide attempts - those who have been involved with the uvenile justice and child welfare systems. Methods Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we examined the role of adolescent pregnancy outcomes on risk for suicide attempts and substance use among a sample of 166 female adolescents with juvenile justice system and child welfare involvement. Results Of participants, 36% (n = 60) reported at least one adolescent pregnancy with a total of 109 pregnancies reported. Adolescent pregnancy was associated with an increase in later suicide attempts (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.06-2.72). Miscarriage was associated with a 2-fold increase in the likelihood of later suicide attempts, (aOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.10-4.12). No participants who reported induced abortion (n = 13) reported suicide attempts. Adolescent pregnancy, miscarriage, and abortion were not significantly associated with later substance use (Ps > 0.05). Conclusions Healthcare professionals should conduct routine screening for suicidality in the months following a miscarriage, offer education to caregivers about how to support youth who experience pregnancy loss, provide additional social supports and familiarize themselves with local and virtual behavioral health resources to prevent suicide attempts among female adolescents who are at high risk and experience miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille C. Cioffi
- Corresponding author at: Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, 1600 Millrace Drive, Suite 105, Eugene, OR 97403, United States. (C.C. Cioffi)
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21
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Exarchos LM, Markantes GK, Stamou MI, Michail G, Androutsopoulos G, Kaponis A, Adonakis G, Georgopoulos NA. Teenage pregnancies in Western Greece: experience from a university hospital setting. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:127-131. [PMID: 34825311 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Teenage pregnancies have consistently been associated with preterm labor in a wide range of studies. Evidence regarding the incidence and potential complications of teenage pregnancies in Greece is at present scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perinatal outcomes as well as the risk of perinatal and obstetric complications of teenage pregnancies. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University Hospital of Patras, Greece, and all data recorded concerned the year 2019 (January-December). We retrospectively reviewed 643 cases of singleton pregnancies divided into two groups, as follows: Group A included women of average maternal age (AMA) (20-34 years old), and Group B included teenagers, defined as women less than 20 years old. Data regarding demographic and pregnancy characteristics as well as obstetric and neonatal complications were collected. RESULTS Teenage pregnancies accounted for 6.7% of all deliveries. We detected significantly higher rates of preterm births (p = 0.025), primiparity (p < 0.001), and negative marital status (p < 0.001) in teenage mothers compared to pregnant women of AMA. There were no significant differences concerning other factors between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study raise concern regarding the perinatal, obstetric, and social consequences of teenage pregnancies in Greece. Extended studies that will include further information on antenatal care and detailed socioeconomic factors (i.e., level of education, income, and ethnicity) are required to formulate reliable conclusions concerning teenage pregnancies and their effect on maternal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida-Maria Exarchos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios K Markantes
- Division of Endocrinology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Maria I Stamou
- Division of Endocrinology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Michail
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios Androutsopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kaponis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - George Adonakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Neoklis A Georgopoulos
- Division of Endocrinology-Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Rio-Patras, Greece.
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22
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Schonewille NN, Rijkers N, Berenschot A, Lijmer JG, van den Heuvel OA, Broekman BFP. Psychiatric vulnerability and the risk for unintended pregnancies, a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:153. [PMID: 35216573 PMCID: PMC8876535 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unintended pregnancies (UPs) are a global health problem as they contribute to adverse maternal and offspring outcomes, which underscores the need for prevention. As psychiatric vulnerability has previously been linked to sexual risk behavior, planning capacities and compliance with contraception methods, we aim to explore whether it is a risk factor for UPs. Methods Electronic databases were searched in November 2020. All articles in English language with data on women with age ≥ 18 with a psychiatric diagnosis at time of conception and reported pregnancy intention were included, irrespective of obstetric outcome (fetal loss, livebirth, or abortion). Studies on women with intellectual disabilities were excluded. We used the National Institutes of Health tool for assessment of bias in individual studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method for assessment of quality of the primary outcome. Findings Eleven studies reporting on psychiatric vulnerability and UPs were included. The participants of these studies were diagnosed with mood, anxiety, psychotic, substance use, conduct and eating disorders. The studies that have been conducted show that women with a psychiatric vulnerability (n = 2650) have an overall higher risk of UPs compared to women without a psychiatric vulnerability (n = 16,031) (OR 1.34, CI 1.08–1.67) and an overall weighed prevalence of UPs of 65% (CI 0.43–0.82) (n = 3881). Interpretation Studies conducted on psychiatric vulnerability and UPs are sparse and many (common) psychiatric vulnerabilities have not yet been studied in relation to UPs. The quality of the included studies was rated fair to poor due to difficulties with measuring the outcome pregnancy intention (use of various methods of assessment and use of retrospective study designs with risk of bias) and absence of a control group in most of the studies. The findings suggest an increased risk of UPs in women with psychiatric vulnerability. As UPs have important consequences for mother and child, discussing family planning in women with psychiatric vulnerabilities is of utmost importance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04452-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Schonewille
- Department Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - N Rijkers
- Department Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Berenschot
- Medical Library, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J G Lijmer
- Department Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - O A van den Heuvel
- Department Psychiatry and Department Anatomy & Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B F P Broekman
- Department Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, OLVG, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Ngoda OA, Mboya IB, Mahande MJ, Msuya SE, Renju J. Trends and factors associated with repeated adolescent pregnancies in Tanzania from 2004-2016: evidence from Tanzania demographic and health surveys. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 40:162. [PMID: 34970404 PMCID: PMC8683454 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.162.29021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction a repeated pregnancy represents a failure of health and social systems to educate and provide the necessary services and skills to ensure adolescent girls do not experience any further unwanted pregnancies during this young age. We aimed to determine trends and factors associated with repeated adolescent pregnancies in Tanzania 2004-2016. Methods an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from Tanzania demographic and health surveys of the years 2004-2005, 2010 and 2015-2016 among adolescent mothers aged 15 to 19 years. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 15 and considered the complex survey design. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with repeated adolescent pregnancy. Results the proportion of repeated adolescent pregnancies increased from 15.8% in 2004/2005 to 18.6% in 2010, then to 18.8% in 2015/2016. Adolescents who delivered their first pregnancy at home (APR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.78) and who started sexual activity before 15 years of age (APR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.31) were likely repeated adolescent pregnancy. In contrast, adolescents who used contraception (APR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.81) had a lower prevalence of repeated adolescent pregnancies. Conclusion the prevalence of repeated adolescent pregnancies has increased and remains unacceptably high. Adolescents who had low education delivered their first pregnancy at home and were non-contraceptive users need to be targeted in policies and programs for the prevention of repeated adolescent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Aron Ngoda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Innocent Baltazar Mboya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania.,School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Michael Johnson Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Sia Emmanuel Msuya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Jenny Renju
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania.,Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Boyle JA, Yimer NB, Hall J, Walker R, Jack B, Black K. Reproductive Life Planning in Adolescents. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 40:124-130. [PMID: 34687031 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Unplanned pregnancy in adolescents contributes to the burden of disease, mortality, and health and educational disparities experienced by young people during this vulnerable period between childhood and adulthood. Reproductive life planning (RLP) is an approach that has been endorsed and adopted internationally, which prompts individuals and couples to set personal goals regarding if and when to have children based on their own personal priorities. This review discusses RLP tools, their acceptability, effectiveness, and issues in implementation across different contexts, with a specific focus on how RLP has been applied for adolescents. While a range of RLP tools are available and considered acceptable in adult populations, there is minimal evidence of their potential benefits for adolescent populations. Online platforms and information technology are likely to promote reach and implementation of RLP interventions in adolescents. Consideration of the socioecological contexts where adolescent pregnancies are more common should be integral to much needed future work that explores RLP interventions in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Boyle
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia.,Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology, The University of Sydney Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Nigus Bililigin Yimer
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jennifer Hall
- College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Ethiopia
| | - Ruth Walker
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Australia
| | - Brian Jack
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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Mejia JR, Quincho-Estares ÁJ, Flores-Rondon AJ, Reyes-Beltran G, Arias-Sulca IL, Palomino-Hilario E, Barrientos-Cochachi JE, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle: a case-control study. Reprod Health 2021; 18:203. [PMID: 34641910 PMCID: PMC8507392 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent pregnancy carries a high risk of severe health issues for both the mother and the newborn. Worldwide, 21 million adolescents give birth every year, with high percentages in Latin America. Most of the risk factors are met in indigenous communities, which is an underrepresented and poorly studied population. We aimed to assess the determinants of adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle. Methods Through a case–control study, female adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old from seven indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle were interviewed. Adolescents with (cases) and with no (controls) pregnancy history, such as current pregnancy, children and abortion, fulfilled our eligible criteria. Our instrument explored: sociodemographic, adolescent and family characteristics, as well as perceptions of adolescent pregnancy. We performed a penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression analysis to obtain Odds Ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We enrolled 34 cases and 107 controls. Overall, 53.9% were 15 to 19 years old. We found a significant association of being 15–19 years old (OR = 6.88, 95% CI 2.38–19.86, p < 0.0001) and an elementary school level of instruction (OR = 5.59, 95% CI 1.95–16.06, p = 0.001) with the risk of adolescent pregnancy. A marginal statistical significance between having five to six siblings and adolescent pregnancy was also reported (OR = 2.70, 95% CI 0.85–8.61, p = 0.094). Furthermore, adolescents with sexual and reproductive health communication with parents had a lower risk of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.47, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that public health and educational efforts should be age-specific focused within indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle, encouraging parents to talk about sexual and reproductive health topics with adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01247-z. Worldwide, 21 million adolescents give birth every year, with high percentages in Latin America and rural areas. Indigenous communities are mainly located in rural areas and are exposed to multiple risk factors of adolescent pregnancy. We aimed to find the factors that have an influence on adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle. We conducted a case–control study identifying female indigenous adolescents from the Peruvian central jungle with or without pregnancy history. Our survey explored sociodemographic, adolescent and family characteristics, as well as perceptions of adolescent pregnancy. Being 15 to 19 years old, having an elementary educational level, and five to six siblings increased the risk of adolescent pregnancy. On the other hand, adolescents with sexual and reproductive health communication with parents had a lower risk of adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, eight out of ten adolescents opposed to sexual intercourse at an early age. Public health and educational efforts should be age-specific focused within indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle, encouraging parents to talk about sexual and reproductive health with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan R Mejia
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru.
| | - Ángel J Quincho-Estares
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Asstrid J Flores-Rondon
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Reyes-Beltran
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Irene L Arias-Sulca
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Estephanie Palomino-Hilario
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Carlos J Toro-Huamanchumo
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
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26
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Haldre K, Rahu M, Allvee K, Rahu K. Trends in teenage delivery and abortion rates in Estonia over more than two decades: a nationwide register-based study. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:790-796. [PMID: 34473276 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 30 years, Estonia has undergone major socio-economic changes, including profound educational and healthcare reforms. The study aimed to analyse trends in teenage delivery and induced abortion rates among younger and older teens, including Estonians and non-Estonians, and to study trends in repeat teenage pregnancies in more detail. METHODS The register-based study included data on 29 818 deliveries (1992-2019) and 25 865 (1996-2019) induced abortions among 15-19-year-old girls. Delivery and abortion rates per 1000 girls were calculated by age group, ethnicity and reproductive history. Poisson regression models were applied to estimate average annual percentage changes in delivery and abortion rates over the whole period and in two sub-periods with change points in the trend in 2007. RESULTS The delivery rate decreased by 5.3% per year, from 49.9 in 1992 to 8.4 in 2019; the abortion rate decreased by 6.0% per year, from 42.4 in 1996 to 8.6 in 2019. A faster decline in delivery rates took place among Estonians than non-Estonians, but the opposite trend occurred in abortion rates. Delivery rates for first and repeat pregnancies decreased nearly at the same pace, while abortion rates for repeat pregnancies decreased faster than those for first pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS A decreasing trend in teenage births is evident in parallel with society becoming wealthier. A remarkable decline in teenage abortions occurs when young people's rights to safe abortion, contraception, mandatory sexuality education and youth-friendly services are ensured. There always remains a small group of adolescents who repeatedly become pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Haldre
- Centre for Infertility Treatment, East Tallinn Central Hospital Women's Clinic, Tallinn, Estonia.,Sexual Health Clinic of the Estonian Sexual Health Association, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mati Rahu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kärt Allvee
- Department of Registries, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kaja Rahu
- Department of Registries, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
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Amongin D, Kaharuza F, Hanson C, Nakimuli A, Mutesi S, Benova L, Atuyambe L. "… I would have left that man long time ago but, …" exploring circumstances of and motivators for repeat adolescent birth in Eastern Uganda. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 79:142. [PMID: 34362439 PMCID: PMC8344224 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First birth before 18 years has declined in Uganda unlike repeat adolescent birth (=second or more births before age 20 years). We explored the circumstances of and motivators for repeat adolescent birth in Eastern Uganda. METHODS Between January and March 2020, we conducted a qualitative study involving 70 individual in-depth interviews with purposively selected respondents - 20-25-year-old women with and without repeat adolescent birth, their partners, and parents, in the communities of Teso sub-region. We conducted latent content analysis. RESULTS Four major themes emerged: poverty, vulnerability, domestic violence, and demotivators. Sub-themes identified under poverty were: "limited provisions", "peasantry", "large families", "dropping out of school", "alcohol abuse", and "broken family structure". Vulnerability included "marital entrapment" and "partner coercion". Demotivators included: "abandonment", "stern warning", "objection to marriage", and "empowerment". Extreme poverty resulted in inadequate provision of basic needs leading to unprotected sexual activity in a bid to secure financial support. Following the first birth, more than three quarters of the women with repeat adolescent birth reported increased economic distress that forced them to remain in unwanted marriage/union, often characterized by partner coercion, despite wanting to delay that repeat birth. Women without repeat adolescent birth avoided a second birth by empowerment through: an economic activity, contraception use, and resumption of schooling. CONCLUSION Repeat adolescent birth in Uganda is premised around attempts to address the economic distress precipitated by first birth. Many women want to delay that repeat birth but the challenges robbed them of their reproductive autonomy. Beyond efforts to prevent first birth, programs need to address economic empowerment, ensure contraceptive access, and school re-integration for adolescent mothers in order to prevent shortly-spaced repeat births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah Amongin
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sceinces, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Frank Kaharuza
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Claudia Hanson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan Mutesi
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lenka Benova
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lynn Atuyambe
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
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Flesia L, Fietta V, Foresta C, Monaro M. "What Are You Looking For?" Investigating the Association Between Dating App Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors. Sex Med 2021; 9:100405. [PMID: 34280593 PMCID: PMC8360931 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Literature on the association between dating app use and sexual risk behaviors is still scant and inconclusive. Aim To investigate the association between dating app use and sexual risk behaviors, considering the role of motives for using them. Methods 1,278 Italian respondents completed an online questionnaire assessing demographics, motives and patterns of dating app use, sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnoses. One-way ANOVA and Chi-squared analyses were used to investigate differences among the three subsamples (active vs former vs non-users). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were run to investigate the role of demographics, motives and patterns of dating app use on sexual risk taking and sexual health. Main outcome measures Number of protected and unprotected full sexual partners in the last year; frequency of hook-ups in the last year; STIs lifetime. Results Active users, even more than former app users, were more likely to report risky behaviors and STI diagnoses than non-users (χ2 = 26.37, P < .001). Installing the apps to find friends or romantic partners was associated with less protected (find friends B = −0.364, P = .015; find romantic partners B = −0.300, P = .006) and unprotected (find friends B = −0.346, P = .016; find romantic partners B = −0.360, P < .001) sexual intercourses. Installing the apps to find sexual partners predicted higher odds of unprotected sexual activity (B = 0.193, P = .048), hook-ups (B = 0.496, P < .001) and STIs diagnoses (OR = 2.835, P = .025). Accessing apps more frequently and more years of usage was associated with reporting risky sexual behaviors and STI diagnoses among active users (app access frequency OR = 1.461, P = .003; usage years OR = 1.089, P = .013). Conclusion Installing the apps to search for sexual partners, using them at length since first installation and accessing them frequently are significant factors in influencing the association between dating app use and sexual risk behaviors. Flesia L, Fietta V, Foresta C, Monaro M. “What Are You Looking For?” Investigating the Association Between Dating App Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors. Sex Med 2021;9:100405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Flesia
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Valentina Fietta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Hua MH, Huang KL, Hsu JW, Bai YM, Su TP, Tsai SJ, Li CT, Lin WC, Chen TJ, Chen MH. Early Pregnancy Risk Among Adolescents With ADHD: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1199-1206. [PMID: 31971056 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719900232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: ADHD potentially leads to risky sexual behaviors, and is considered a major risk factor for early pregnancy (EP). However, the association between ADHD and subsequent EP remains unknown. Method: Seven thousand five hundred five adolescents with ADHD and 30,020 age- and sex-matched individuals without ADHD were enrolled from 2001 to 2009 and were followed until the end of 2011. Adolescents who developed any pregnancy (at age ≤30 years) or EP (at age <20 years) during the follow-up period were identified. Results: Adolescents with ADHD were found to be prone to pregnancy (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.27) and EP (HR = 2.30) compared with those without ADHD. Long-term ADHD medication use was related to a lower risk of subsequent any pregnancy (HR = 0.72) and EP (HR = 0.69). Conclusion: Adolescents with ADHD had an increased risk of any pregnancy and EP compared with their non-ADHD counterparts. Long-term ADHD medication use was associated with a lower subsequent EP risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Lin Huang
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Ju-Wei Hsu
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Ya-Mei Bai
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Tung-Ping Su
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.,Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Ta Li
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Mu-Hong Chen
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei.,National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
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30
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The role of multiparity and maternal age at first pregnancy in the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:1004-1011. [PMID: 34183563 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze whether maternal age at first pregnancy and parity are mediators of the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome in a sample of middle-aged and older women. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 428 women (40 to 80 y), who had experienced a pregnancy in their lifetime, was performed between 2014 and 2016. Age at first pregnancy, parity, and early menarche were self-reported. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the criteria described by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. The association between metabolic syndrome and early menarche was assessed by logistic regression analysis. The mediating role of age at first pregnancy and multiparity in the relationship between early menarche and metabolic syndrome was assessed through mediation analysis, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS According to adjusted logistic regression models, early menarche was associated with higher odds of prevalent metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.15-4.46). Mediation analysis showed a significant direct effect of early menarche on metabolic syndrome (β: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.107-1.508). Of the two mediators tested, age at first pregnancy was significant (β: 0.065; 95% CI: 0.004-0.221), ie, participants with and without early menarche differ, on average, by 0.879 SDs in the log odds of MetS (total effect), of which 0.065 SDs (8%), on average, would be attributable to the effect of early menarche on age at first pregnancy (indirect effect), which, in turn, affects MetS. CONCLUSIONS Age at first pregnancy may partially contribute to the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older women who had experienced a pregnancy over their lifetime.
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Harding JF, Knab J, Zief S, Kelly K, McCallum D. A Systematic Review of Programs to Promote Aspects of Teen Parents' Self-sufficiency: Supporting Educational Outcomes and Healthy Birth Spacing. Matern Child Health J 2021; 24:84-104. [PMID: 31965469 PMCID: PMC7497377 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02854-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Expectant and parenting teens experience many challenges to achieving self-sufficiency and promoting their children’s healthy development. Teen parents need support to help them address these challenges, and many different types of programs aim to support them. In this systematic review, we examine the research about programs that aim to support aspects of teen parents’ self-sufficiency by promoting their educational outcomes and healthy birth spacing. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search of published and unpublished literature to identify studies of programs to support teen parents that met this review’s eligibility criteria. The quality and execution of the eligible study research designs were assessed to determine whether studies’ findings were at risk of bias. We then extracted information about study characteristics, outcomes, and program characteristics for studies considered to provide rigorous evidence. Results We identified 58 eligible studies. Twenty-three studies were considered to provide rigorous evidence about either education, contraceptive use, or repeat pregnancy or birth. Seventeen of these studies showed at least one favorable effect on an outcome in one of these domains, whereas the other six did not show any significant or substantial effects in these domains. These 17 studies represent 14 effective programs. Discussion Effective programs to support expectant and parenting teens have diverse characteristics, indicating there is no single approach for promoting teens’ education and healthy birth spacing. More rigorous studies of programs to support teen parents are needed to understand more about how to support teen fathers and the program characteristics associated with effectiveness. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10995-019-02854-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Knab
- Mathematica, P.O. Box 2393, Princeton, NJ, 08543-2393, USA
| | - Susan Zief
- Mathematica, P.O. Box 2393, Princeton, NJ, 08543-2393, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- Mathematica, P.O. Box 2393, Princeton, NJ, 08543-2393, USA
| | - Diana McCallum
- Mathematica, P.O. Box 2393, Princeton, NJ, 08543-2393, USA
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Luttges C, Leal I, Huepe G, González D, González E, Molina T. Pregnant again? Perspectives of adolescent and young mothers who and do not experience a repeat pregnancy in adolescence. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:1898317. [PMID: 33779521 PMCID: PMC8009116 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1898317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Teen pregnancy remains a major social and public health issue in developing countries. Each additional child compromises the development of both the mother and children. Scarce studies have been performed in Latin America. Purpose: This study explores and analyzes individual and family factors associated with repeat pregnancies during adolescence to better elucidate the phenomenon. Methods: Qualitative-descriptive study. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers 20 years of age or younger from urban areas of Santiago, Chile. Participants were divided into Repeat Pregnancy (RP) and No Repeat Pregnancy (NRP) groups. Qualitative data analysis was based on elements of grounded theory. Results: The RP group generally related life stories reflecting greater psychosocial vulnerability. Most of the RP group dropped out of school after their first pregnancy to focus on parenting and had a passive attitude towards contraception. In contrast, members of the NRP group actively sought long-term contraceptive methods, motivated largely by the desire to continue their education to improve their living conditions and achieve greater personal fulfilment. They tended to have family support networks that facilitated school retention. Conclusion: Key differences between groups included use of contraception, focus on life projects, and motivation to finish school. Prevention strategies should promote long-term contraceptive methods, offer strategies to help young mothers continue their education, facilitate achievement of personal projects, and provide support for parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Luttges
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Comprehensive Attention of Adolescents (Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente CEMERA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Ingrid Leal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Department of Bioethic and Medical Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Gabriela Huepe
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Comprehensive Attention of Adolescents (Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente CEMERA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Department of Bioethic and Medical Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniela González
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Comprehensive Attention of Adolescents (Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente CEMERA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Electra González
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Comprehensive Attention of Adolescents (Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente CEMERA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Temístocles Molina
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Comprehensive Attention of Adolescents (Centro de Medicina Reproductiva y Desarrollo Integral del Adolescente CEMERA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile (Universidad de Chile), Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Roehler DR, Olsen EO, Mustaquim D, Vivolo-Kantor AM. Suspected Nonfatal Drug-Related Overdoses Among Youth in the US: 2016-2019. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2020-003491. [PMID: 33288728 PMCID: PMC9541269 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-003491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the current drug overdose crisis, the United States is experiencing a significant number of overdose deaths, hospitalizations, and emergency department visits. Given the vulnerability of young persons to substance use, it is important to assess how this crisis affects the nation's youth. In this study, we investigate trends in suspected nonfatal drug-related overdoses (all-drugs, opioids, heroin, and stimulants) among youth using syndromic surveillance data from 2016 to 2019. METHODS A retrospective analysis of emergency department syndromic surveillance data were used to detect quarterly trends in suspected drug overdoses from April 2016 through September 2019 among youth aged 0 to 10, 11 to 14, and 15 to 24 years. Syndrome definitions were developed using chief complaint free-text and discharge diagnosis codes to identify overdoses involving all-drugs, opioids, heroin, and stimulants. Pearson χ2 tests detected quarter-to-quarter changes, and joinpoint regression analysis assessed trends over time. RESULTS On average, there was a 2.0% increase for youth aged 0 to 10 years and a 2.3% increase for youth aged 11 to 14 years for suspected all-drug overdoses. Suspected heroin overdoses decreased by an average of 3.3% per quarter for youth aged 15 to 24 years. Among all age groups, suspected stimulant overdoses increased across the study period, 3.3% for 0 to 10-year-olds, 4.0% for 11- to 14-year-olds, and 2.3% for 15- to 24-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS Suspected stimulant-involved drug overdoses appear to be rising among youth. These findings could inform targeted interventions, such as stimulant-focused prevention, and comprehensive approaches, including school-based prevention and other strategies to lower morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R. Roehler
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily O. Olsen
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Desiree Mustaquim
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alana M. Vivolo-Kantor
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Figaroa MNS, Bellizzi S, Delvaux T, Benova L. Lactational amenorrhoea among adolescent girls in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:bmjgh-2020-002492. [PMID: 33023879 PMCID: PMC7537141 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fertility levels among adolescents remain high in many settings. The objective of this paper was to review the available literature about postpartum and lactational amenorrhoea among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health and CINAHL Plus databases using terms capturing adolescence and lactational or postpartum amenorrhoea. Inclusion criteria included publication date since 1990, data from LMICs, and topic related to lactational amenorrhoea as a postpartum family planning method or as an effect of (exclusive) breast feeding among adolescents. Thematic analysis and narrative synthesis were applied to summarise and interpret the findings. Results We screened 982 titles and abstracts, reviewed 75 full-text articles and included nine. Eight studies assessed data from a single country (three from India, two from Bangladesh, two from Turkey, one from Nigeria). One study using Demographic and Health Survey data included 37 different LMICs. The five studies measuring duration of postpartum or lactational amenorrhoea reported a wide range of durations across the contexts examined. Four studies (from Bangladesh, Nigeria and Turkey) examined outcomes related to the use of lactational amenorrhoea as a family planning method among adolescents. We did not find any studies assessing adolescents’ knowledge of lactational amenorrhoea as a postpartum family planning method. Likewise, little is known about the effectiveness of lactational amenorrhoea method among adolescents using sufficiently large samples and follow-up time. Conclusion The available evidence on lactational amenorrhoea among adolescents in LMICs is scarce. Given the potential contribution of lactational amenorrhoea to prevention of short interpregnancy intervals among adolescents and young women, there is a need for a better understanding of the duration of lactational amenorrhoea, and the knowledge and effective use of lactational amenorrhoea method for family planning among adolescents in a wider range of LMIC settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martines N S Figaroa
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Saverio Bellizzi
- Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Therese Delvaux
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Lenka Benova
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Kalucza S, Baranowska-Rataj A, Nilsson K. Not all the same: Swedish teenage mothers' and fathers' selection into early family formation trajectories. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2020; 44:100326. [PMID: 36726245 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has focused on teenage parenthood as a single outcome, and has overlooked the wider family formation trajectory in which it is situated. In this paper, using Swedish register data and sequence analysis tools, we explore the diversity in timing and ordering of childbearing and (re)partnering events among teenage parents. We identify trajectory clusters of traditional family patterns, modern family patterns, single parenthood and re-partnering patterns. We also examine the role of resources in the family of origin for the probability of following the different types of family formation trajectories among teenage parents. Where economic resources in the family of origin is related to the type of trajectory teenage fathers follow, family structure is of greater importance for teenage mothers. The family formation trajectories of teenage parents display substantial heterogeneity, which contradicts a view that a person who has a child early in life suddenly has their life's script written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kalucza
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Sweden; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Anna Baranowska-Rataj
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Sweden; Center for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Amongin D, Benova L, Nakimuli A, Nakafeero M, Kaharuza F, Atuyambe L, Hanson C. Trends and determinants of adolescent childbirth in Uganda- analysis of rural and urban women using six demographic and health surveys, 1988-2016. Reprod Health 2020; 17:74. [PMID: 32456705 PMCID: PMC7249638 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Uganda has high adolescent pregnancy. The details of adolescent childbirth and urban/rural patterns are scarce. We investigated the levels, time trends and determinants of adolescent childbirth in Uganda separately for urban and rural women. Methods We estimated the percentage of women 20–24 years at each of the six Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (1988/89, 1995, 2000/01, 2006, 2011 and 2016) who reported a live childbirth before age 20 years (“adolescent childbirth”), and examined change over time using t-test. A modified multivariable Poisson regression was used to examine determinants of having adolescent childbirth on the 2016 survey. Results Among these women, 67.5, 66.4, 70.1, 62.3, 57.3 and 54.1% reported an adolescent childbirth in 1988/89, 1995, 2000/01, 2006, 2011 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Between 1988/89 to 2000/01, there was no evidence of change (+ 2.6% point (pp), p = 0.170), unlike between the 2000/01 and 2016 surveys when a significant decline occurred (− 16.0 pp., p < 0.001). First childbirth < 18 years of age declined by − 13.5 pp. (p < 0.001) between 2000/01 and 2016. There was no change over time in the percentage of adolescents 18–19.9 years of age having first childbirth. Among rural residents, childbirth < 18 years declined from 43.8% in 1988/89 to 32.7% in 2016 (− 11.1 pp., p < 0.001), in urban it declined from 28.3 to 18.2% (− 10.1 pp., p = 0.006). There was an increase over time in the percentage of women, both rural and urban, who wanted to delay their first pregnancy. Independent determinants of reporting an adolescent childbirth in both urban and rural residents were: no education/incomplete primary and younger age at first sex. Additional determinants for rural women were residence in Eastern region, Muslim religion, and poor household wealth index. Conclusion In the 30-year period examined, adolescent childbirth in Uganda declined from highs of 7 in 10 to approximately 5 in 10 women, with more wanting to delay the pregnancy. The decline started after the 2000/01 survey and affected predominantly younger adolescent childbirth < 18 years among both rural and urban residence women. Efforts need to be intensified to sustain the decline in adolescent pregnancies. Targeted and specific strategies for urban and rural areas might be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah Amongin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda. .,Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere university School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Lenka Benova
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Nakafeero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank Kaharuza
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lynn Atuyambe
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Claudia Hanson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Dept of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Amongin D, Nakimuli A, Hanson C, Nakafeero M, Kaharuza F, Atuyambe L, Benova L. Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231557. [PMID: 32287303 PMCID: PMC7156070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information on repeat adolescent birth remains scarce in sub-Sahara Africa. We investigated the prevalence and time trends in repeat adolescent birth in Uganda, and associated factors. Methods We analyzed Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data of women age 20–24 years collected on 6 surveys (1988/89-2016) to estimate repeat adolescent birth (first live birth <18 years of age followed by another live birth(s) <20 years). Further, we estimated the wantedness of the second order birth and the prevalence of short birth intervals birth (<13 months) between the first and second such birth. On the 2016 survey, we examined factors associated with repeat adolescent birth using bivariate and multivariate modified Poisson regression. Results At the 1988/89 survey, 58.9% of women with first birth <18 years reported a repeat adolescent birth. This percentage increased to 66.8% in 2006 (+7.9 percentage points [pp], p = 0.010) and thereafter declined to 55.6% by 2016 (-11.2 pp, p<0.001), nevertheless, no change occurred between 1988/89 and 2016 (-3.3pp, p = 0.251). Among women with repeat adolescent births, the mean number of live births by exact age 20 years (2.2 births) and prevalence of short birth intervals (3.5% in 1988/89, 5.4% in 2016) (+1.9pp, p = 0.245) did not change. Increasingly more women with repeat adolescent births preferred to have had the second child later, 22.5% in 1995 and 43.1% in 2016 (+20.6pp, p = <0.001). On the 2016 survey, women from poorer households and those of younger age at first birth were significantly more likely to report repeat adolescent birth. Conclusion Following a first birth <18 years, more than half of the women report a repeat adolescent birth (<20 years), with no decline observed in 30 years. Increasingly more women wanted the second adolescent pregnancy later, highlighting the need to support adolescents with improved family planning services at each contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah Amongin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Annettee Nakimuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Claudia Hanson
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary Nakafeero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank Kaharuza
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lynn Atuyambe
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lenka Benova
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Cygan HR, McNaughton D, Reising V, Fogg L, Marshall B, Simon J. Teen pregnancy in Chicago: Who is at risk? Public Health Nurs 2020; 37:353-362. [PMID: 32196754 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy, with its associated health and social consequences for young people and society as a whole, is one of the nation's most important public health issues. The purpose of this study was to use Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data describe self-reported, pregnancy experiences in 9-12th grade Chicago Public Schools (CPS) students and identify teens at highest risk based on gender, grade-level, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. METHODS Secondary data analysis of the 2017 CPS high school Youth Risk Behavior Survey was conducted. RESULTS The survey response rate was 73% (n = 1,883). 4.9% (n = 91) of CPS students in grades 9 - 12 reported a pregnancy experience, and 1.9% (n = 34) reported being "unsure" of a pregnancy experience. Statistically significant differences in the likelihood of self-reporting a pregnancy experience were found based on grade level (p = .000), race (p = .023), and sexual orientation (p = .000). CONCLUSION While risk for a teen pregnancy experience varies across all groups, public health nurses can use YRBS data to better understand pregnancy risk in the populations they serve and can leverage core competencies, and robust community relationships to adapt, implement and evaluate evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention programs for maximum impact on teens at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide R Cygan
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diane McNaughton
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Virginia Reising
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis Fogg
- Community, Systems and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Booker Marshall
- Office of Student Health and Wellness, Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremiah Simon
- Office of Student Health and Wellness, Chicago Public Schools, Chicago, IL, USA
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Malek KA, Abdul-Razak S, Abu Hassan H, Othman S. Managing adolescent pregnancy: The unique roles and challenges of private general practitioners in Malaysia. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2019; 14:37-45. [PMID: 32175039 PMCID: PMC7067509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Managing adolescent pregnancy in the primary care setting is complex, as it requires doctors to navigate through a combination of medical, social, financial and legal needs. Objective: This study explores the perspectives of private general practitioners on their roles and challenges in managing adolescent pregnancy in Malaysia. METHODS Nineteen private general practitioners in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur participated in in-depth interviews in 2015. A topic guide was used for interview navigation. Participants were asked to discuss their experiences and approaches in managing pregnant adolescents. We used purposive sampling to recruit consenting private general practitioners who had experience in managing adolescent pregnancy. The verbatim transcripts of the audio-recorded interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Data reached saturation at the nineteenth in-depth interview. Results: Two themes emerged. Under the theme 'inadvertent advocator,' participants described their tasks with regards to building trust, calming angry parents and delivering comprehensive counseling and care related to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, including requests for abortions. Theme two, 'challenges of private general practitioners,' refers mainly to personal and religious conflicts arising from a request for an abortion and deficiencies in support and multidisciplinary integration within their practice settings. CONCLUSION General practitioners practicing in the private sector identify themselves as active players in supporting pregnant adolescents but face many challenges arising from the personal, religious, professional and community levels. Addressing these challenges is important for optimal care delivery to pregnant adolescents in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Malek
- MFamMed, FRACGP, MBChB Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia
| | - S Abdul-Razak
- MFamMed, MBChB Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Malaysia
| | - H Abu Hassan
- MMed Fam Med (UKM), MBBS (Malaya) National Defence University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Othman
- PHD, MFamMed, MBBS University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Liang M, Simelane S, Fortuny Fillo G, Chalasani S, Weny K, Salazar Canelos P, Jenkins L, Moller AB, Chandra-Mouli V, Say L, Michielsen K, Engel DMC, Snow R. The State of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:S3-S15. [PMID: 31761002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the 25 years since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, significant progress has been made in adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights (ASRHR). Trend analysis of key ASRHR indicators at global, national, and subnational levels indicates that adolescent girls today are more likely to marry later, delay their first sexual experience, and delay their first childbirth, compared with 25 years ago; they are also more likely to use contraceptives. Despite overall progress, however, unequal progress in many ASRHR outcomes is evident both within and between countries, and in some locations, the state of adolescents' lives has worsened. Population growth in countries with some of the worst shortfalls in ASRHR mean that declining rates, of child marriage, for example, coexist with higher absolute numbers of girls affected, compared with 25 years ago. Emerging trends that warrant closer attention include increasing rates of ovarian and breast cancer among adolescent girls and sharp increases in the proportion of adolescents who are overweight or obese, which has long-term health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorna Jenkins
- Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office, UNFPA, Panama City, Panama
| | - Ann-Beth Moller
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR) and UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lale Say
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kristien Michielsen
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rachel Snow
- Technical Division, UNFPA, New York, New York.
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Franco-Ramírez JA, Cabrera-Pivaral CE, Zárate-Guerrero G, Franco-Chávez SA, Covarrubias-Bermúdez MDLÁ, Zavala-González MA. Structure and content of the maternal representations of Mexican teenagers during their first pregnancy. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE MATERNO INFANTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-93042019000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: understand the structure and content of the maternal representations of Mexican teenagers during their first pregnancy. Methods: a study was carried out with qualitative methodology based on the concept of maternal representation and the theory of social representations with 30 adolescents who attended prenatal control at the Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", in Jalisco, Mexico. The participants were interviewed with the consent of their tutors. Classical content analysis techniques were used to obtain codes and thematic categories to develop a conceptual map that explains maternal representations. Results: the maternal representation was identified: "Pregnant but reunited, a legitimated bad decision", which was composed of social meanings towards adolescent pregnancy, family dynamics, expectations towards motherhood, and the feelings experienced by the adolescent during the pregnancy. The content of the representations was heterogeneous for most of the identified categories; however, it is identified that the desire for pregnancy guides the expectations of the adolescent about her future way of being as a mother. Conclusions: the desire of women for pregnancy, the level of participation of the couple, and the social meanings of adolescent pregnancy, have an outstanding role in the development of models of maternal representations.
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Maravilla JC, Betts KS, Alati R. Exploring the Risks of Repeated Pregnancy Among Adolescents and Young Women in the Philippines. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:934-942. [PMID: 30612296 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-02721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Knowledge of the factors which influence repeat pregnancy can inform much needed evidence-based prevention programs. This study aims to identify correlates of repeat pregnancy in the Philippines. Methods We used data from five Philippine Demographic and Health Surveys (1993-2013). A total of 4757 women 15-24 years old who had experienced ≥ 1 pregnancy were included. Individual and partner-related factors were fitted into a series of logistic regression stepwise models with deformalized survey weights. Stratified analyses using two age groups (15-19, 20-24) were also conducted. Interaction terms were included to test for statistical differences between the groups. Results Lower wealth quintiles [odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.49] and partner characteristics such as age of ≥ 30 years (OR = 1.99, CI = 1.41-2.82), multiple partners (OR = 4.19, CI = 1.57-11.19) and live-in status (OR = 1.38, CI = 1.02-1.87) were found to be highly correlated with repeat pregnancy in fully adjusted analysis. Receiving prenatal care from traditional healers (OR = 1.93, CI = 1.02-3.63) during the first pregnancy and giving birth for the first time before 18 years of age (OR = 1.12, CI = 1.04-1.20) showed increased risks among 15-19 years old compared to 20-24 years old in stratified analysis. Conclusions for practice In general, partner characteristics were associated with repeat pregnancy among young women suggesting male involvement, especially older partners, in family planning. High risks for repeat pregnancy were observed among adolescent women who reported younger age at first birth and received prenatal care from a traditional healer which entail promotion of trained prenatal care. Further analysis is needed to validate these findings in other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joemer C Maravilla
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia.
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim S Betts
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, QLD, 4068, Australia
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Nsanya MK, Atchison CJ, Bottomley C, Doyle AM, Kapiga SH. Modern contraceptive use among sexually active women aged 15-19 years in North-Western Tanzania: results from the Adolescent 360 (A360) baseline survey. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030485. [PMID: 31467055 PMCID: PMC6720144 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe differences in modern contraceptive use among adolescent women aged 15-19 years according to their marital status and to determine factors associated with modern contraceptive use among sexually active women in this population. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of Adolescent 360 evaluation baseline survey. SETTING The 15 urban and semiurban wards of Ilemela district, Mwanza region, North-Western Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS Adolescent women aged 15-19 years who were living in the study site from August 2017 to February 2018 and who provided informed consent. Women were classified as married if they had a husband or were living as married. Unmarried women were classified as sexually active if they reported having sexual intercourse in the last 12 months. OUTCOME MEASURE Prevalence of modern contraceptive among adolescent women aged 15-19 years. RESULTS Data were available for 3511 women aged 15-19 years, of which 201 (5.7%) were married and 744 (22.5%) were unmarried-sexually active. We found strong evidence of differences in use of modern contraceptive methods according to marital status of adolescent women. Determinants of modern contraception use among unmarried-sexually active women were increasing age, increasing level of education, being in education, hearing of modern contraception from interpersonal sources or in the media in the last 12 months, perceiving partner and/or friends support for contraceptive use, as well as higher knowledge and self efficacy for contraception. CONCLUSIONS Sexual and reproductive health programmes aiming to increase uptake of modern contraceptives in this population of adolescent women should consider the importance of girl's education and social support for contraceptive use particularly among unmarried-sexually active women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussa Kelvin Nsanya
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Christina J Atchison
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christian Bottomley
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Aoife Margaret Doyle
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Saidi H Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bamishigbin ON, Dunkel Schetter C, Stanton AL. The antecedents and consequences of adolescent fatherhood: A systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2019; 232:106-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Clinical practice guidelines for contraception by the French National College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 48:441-454. [PMID: 31051299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The French College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CNGOF) has released its first comprehensive recommendations for clinical practices in contraception, to provide physicians with an updated synthesis of the available data as a basis for their practice. The organizing committee and the working group adopted the objective methodological principles defined by the French Authority for Health (HAS) and selected 12 themes relevant to medical professionals' clinical practices concerning contraception. The available literature was screened through December 2017 and served as the basis of 12 texts, reviewed by experts and physicians from public and private practices, with experience in this field. These texts enabled us to develop evidence based, graded recommendations. Male and female sterilization, as well as the use of hormonal treatments not authorized for contraception ("off-label") were excluded from the scope of our review. Specific practical recommendations are provided for the management of contraception prescription, patient information concerning effectiveness, risks, and benefits of the different methods, patient follow-up, intrauterine contraception, emergency contraception, local and natural methods, contraception in teenagers, in women after 40, for women at high thromboembolism or cardiovascular risk, and for those at of primary cancer or relapse. The short- and mid-term future of contraception depends mainly on improving the use of currently available methods. This includes reinforced information for users and increased access to contraception for women, regardless of their social and clinical contexts. The objective of these guidelines is to aid in enabling this improvement.
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Sámano R, Martínez-Rojano H, Chico-Barba G, Sánchez-Jiménez B, Sam-Soto S, Rodríguez-Ventura AL, Mejía-Luna L, Sclavo-Melo S. Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Knowledge and Use of Birth Control Methods in Adolescents before and after Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16061022. [PMID: 30897835 PMCID: PMC6465996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy rates are high worldwide. However, insufficient information exists regarding the frequency of birth control methods used before the first pregnancy and postpartum. In the current study, we analyzed the association of sociodemographic factors with the knowledge of birth control methods and their use before and after pregnancy in a sample of adolescents in Mexico City. A cohort study was conducted on 600 pregnant adolescents in Mexico City, from 2013 to 2017, at a health care institution providing prenatal care. Participants were assessed during the second trimester and four months postpartum. The questionnaire explored the knowledge of birth control methods, their use, and other associated factors. Two logistic regression models were implemented to identify potential variables associated with the lack of birth control method use before and after pregnancy. The mean age of participants was 15.4 + 1 years, of which, 48% and 65.2% used a birth control method before pregnancy and postpartum, respectively. We found that the main factors associated with increased risk of not using any birth control method before pregnancy included being under the age of 15 years, school dropout, having an educational lag, initiation of sexual life before the age of 15, and having a mother who did not inform their child about contraceptives. By contrast, variables associated with a higher risk of not using any contraceptive methods after pregnancy included educational lag, lower level of education, and the fact that the adolescent had not used any birth control prior to the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Sámano
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City C. P. 11000, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Martínez-Rojano
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City C. P. 11340, Mexico.
- Coordinación de Medicina Laboral, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Secretaría de Salud, Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, Mexico City C. P. 01480, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City C. P. 11000, Mexico.
| | - Bernarda Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City C. P. 11000, Mexico.
| | - Selene Sam-Soto
- Coordinación de Colposcopía. Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800 Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City C. P. 11000, Mexico.
| | - Ana Lilia Rodríguez-Ventura
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Montes Urales 800, Lomas de Virreyes, Mexico City C. P. 11000, Mexico.
| | - Laura Mejía-Luna
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Universidad del Valle de México-Chapultepec, Avenida Observatorio 400, 16 de Septiembre, Mexico City C. P. 11810, Mexico.
| | - Sylvia Sclavo-Melo
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City C. P. 01219, Mexico.
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48
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Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: contraception after surgical abortion. Contraception 2019; 99:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vidal F, Paret L, Linet T, Tanguy le Gac Y, Guerby P. [Intrauterine contraception: CNGOF Contraception Guidelines]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:806-822. [PMID: 30429071 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide national clinical guidelines focusing on intrauterine contraception. METHODS A systematic review of available literature was performed using Pubmed and Cochrane libraries. American, British and Canadian guidelines were considered as well. RESULTS Intrauterine contraception (IUC) displays a wide panel of indications, including adolescents, nulliparous, patients living with HIV before AIDS (Grade B) and women with history of ectopic pregnancy (Grade C). Cervical cancer screening should not be modified in women with IUC (Grade B). Bimanual examination and cervix inspection are mandatory before device insertion (Grade B). Patients should not systematically undergo screening for sexually transmitted infections (STI) before device insertion (Grade B). Screening for STI should be preferably done before insertion but it can be performed at the time of device insertion in asymptomatic women (Grade B). Routine antibiotic prophylaxis and premedication are not recommended before insertion (Grade A). A follow-up visit may be offered several weeks after insertion (Professional consensus). Routine pelvic ultrasound examination in not recommended after device insertion (Grade B). In patients with IUC, unscheduled bleeding, when persistent or associated with pelvic pain, requires further investigation to rule out complication (Professional agreement). Suspected uterine perforation warrants radiological workup to locate the device (Professional consensus). Laparoscopic approach should be preferred for elective removal of intrauterine device from abdominal cavity (Professional consensus). In case of accidental pregnancy with intrauterine device in situ, ectopic pregnancy should be excluded (Grade B). In case of viable and desired intrauterine pregnancy, intrauterine device removal is recommended if the strings are reachable (Grade C). Detection of Actinomyces-like organisms on pap smear in asymptomatic patients with intrauterine contraception does not require further intervention (Grade B). Immediate removal of intrauterine device is not recommended in case of STI or pelvic inflammatory disease (Grade B). Device removal should be considered in the absence of clinical improvement after 48 to 72 hours of appropriate treatment (Grade B). CONCLUSION Intrauterine contraception is a long-acting and reversible contraception method displaying great efficacy and high continuation rate. In contrast, complication rate is low. It should thus be offered to both nulliparous and multiparous women.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vidal
- Pôle Femme Mère Couple, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU Purpan, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - L Paret
- Pôle Femme Mère Couple, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU Purpan, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - T Linet
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier Loire-Vendée-Océan, 85300 Challans, France
| | - Y Tanguy le Gac
- Pôle Femme Mère Couple, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU Purpan, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - P Guerby
- Pôle Femme Mère Couple, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU Purpan, 330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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50
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Chabbert-Buffet N, Marret H, Agostini A, Cardinale C, Hamdaoui N, Hassoun D, Jonville-Bera AP, Lambert M, Linet T, Pienkowski C, Plu-Bureau G, Pragout D, Robin G, Rousset-Jablonski C, Scheffler M, Vidal F, Vigoureux S, Hédon B. [Contraception: CNGOF Guidelines for Clinical Practice (Short Version)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 46:760-776. [PMID: 30416023 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The French College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (CNGOF) releases its first global recommendations for clinical practice in contraception, to provide physicians with an updated synthesis of available data as a basis for their practice. The French Health Authority (HAS) methodology was used. Twelve practical issues were selected by the organizing committee and the task force members. The available literature was screened until December 2017, and allowed the release of evidence-based, graded recommendations. This synthesis is issued from 12 developed texts, previously reviewed by experts and physicians from public and private practices, with an experience in the contraceptive field. Male and female sterilization, as well as the use of hormonal treatments without contraceptive label were excluded from the field of this analysis. Specific practical recommendations on the management of contraception prescription, patient information including efficacy, risks, and benefits of the different contraception methods, follow up, intrauterine contraception, emergency contraception, local and natural methods, contraception in teenagers and after 40, contraception in vascular high-risk situations, and in case of cancer risk are provided. The short/mid-term future of contraception mostly relies on improving the use of currently available methods. This includes reinforced information for users and increased access to contraception for women, whatever the social and clinical context. That is the goal of these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chabbert-Buffet
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, hôpitaux universitaires Est parisien, hôpital Tenon, Assistance publique des hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France; UMRS_938, Inserm Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - H Marret
- Service de chirurgie pelvienne gynécologique et oncologique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Bretonneau, pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 1, France
| | - A Agostini
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital de la Conception, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - C Cardinale
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital de la Conception, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - N Hamdaoui
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital de la Conception, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - D Hassoun
- 38, rue Turenne, 75003 Paris, France
| | - A P Jonville-Bera
- Centre régional de pharmacovigilance, centre Val-de-Loire, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours cedex, France
| | - M Lambert
- Service de gynécologie et de médecine de la reproduction, centre Aliénor d'Aquitaine, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - T Linet
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier de Loire-Vendée-Océan, 85302 Challans, France
| | - C Pienkowski
- Unité d'endocrinologie et de gynécologie médicale, TSA 70034, centre de référence de pathologies gynécologiques rares (PGR Toulouse), hôpital des Enfants, CHU de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - G Plu-Bureau
- Unité de gynécologie endocrinienne, hôpital Port-Royal, 53, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75679 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1153, Obstetrical, perinatal and paediatric epidemiology research team (Épopé), Centre for epidemiology and statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), 75005 Paris, France
| | - D Pragout
- Unité d'orthogénie, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - G Robin
- Centre d'assistance médicale à la procréation et de préservation de la fertilité, centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, 59000 Lille, France; EA 4308, gamétogenèse et qualité du gamète, centre hospitalier universitaire de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Rousset-Jablonski
- Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France; Centre hospitalier de Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - M Scheffler
- Service de gynécologie, CHU, 10, rue du Dr-Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - F Vidal
- CHU de Purpan, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, pôle femme-mère-couple, 330, avenue Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - S Vigoureux
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, université Paris-Sud, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; U1018, Inserm, reproduction and child development, Centre for research in epidemiology and population health (CESP), 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - B Hédon
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, faculté de médecine université de Montpellier (France), centre hospitalier universitaire Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, 34000 Montpellier, France
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