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Hoekstra M, Snip OSC, Janusz P, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, Truitt ER, Sullivan BD, Schmidt TA, Jay GD, Van Eck M. Recombinant human proteoglycan 4 lowers inflammation and atherosclerosis susceptibility in female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. J Physiol 2024; 602:1939-1951. [PMID: 38606903 DOI: 10.1113/jp286354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) is a macromolecular mucin-like glycoprotein that is classically studied as a lubricant within eyes and joints. Given that endogenously produced PRG4 is present within atherosclerotic lesions and genetic PRG4 deficiency increases atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice, in the current study we investigated the anti-atherogenic potential of chronic rhPRG4 treatment. Female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice were fed an atherogenic Western-type diet for 6 weeks and injected three times per week intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg rhPRG4 or PBS as control. Treatment with rhPRG4 was associated with a small decrease in plasma-free cholesterol levels, without a change in cholesteryl ester levels. A marked increase in the number of peritoneal foam cells was detected in response to the peritoneal rhPRG4 administration, which could be attributed to elevated peritoneal leukocyte MSR1 expression levels. However, rhPRG4-treated mice exhibited significantly smaller aortic root lesions of 278 ± 21 × 103 μm2 compared with 339 ± 15 × 103 μm2 in the aortic root of control mice. The overall decreased atherosclerosis susceptibility coincided with a shift in the monocyte and macrophage polarization states towards the patrolling and anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotypes, respectively. Furthermore, rhPRG4 treatment significantly reduced macrophage gene expression levels as well as plasma protein levels of the pro-inflammatory/pro-atherogenic cytokine TNF-alpha. In conclusion, we have shown that peritoneal administration and subsequent systemic exposure to rhPRG4 beneficially impacts the inflammatory state and reduces atherosclerosis susceptibility in mice. Our findings highlight that PRG4 is not only a lubricant but also acts as an anti-inflammatory agent. KEY POINTS: Endogenously produced proteoglycan 4 is found in atherosclerotic lesions and its genetic deficiency in mice is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis susceptibility. In this study we investigated the anti-atherogenic potential of chronic treatment with recombinant human PRG4 in hypercholesterolaemic female low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. We show that recombinant human PRG4 stimulates macrophage foam cell formation, but also dampens the pro-inflammatory state of monocyte/macrophages, eventually leading to a significant reduction in plasma TNF-alpha levels and a lowered atherosclerosis susceptibility. Our findings highlight that peritoneal recombinant human PRG4 treatment can execute effects both locally and systemically and suggest that it will be of interest to study whether rhPRG4 treatment is also able to inhibit the progression and/or induce regression of previously established atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olga S C Snip
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Janusz
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Amor M, Bianco V, Buerger M, Lechleitner M, Vujić N, Dobrijević A, Akhmetshina A, Pirchheim A, Schwarz B, Pessentheiner AR, Baumgartner F, Rampitsch K, Schauer S, Klobučar I, Degoricija V, Pregartner G, Kummer D, Svecla M, Sommer G, Kolb D, Holzapfel GA, Hoefler G, Frank S, Norata GD, Kratky D. Genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates cardiometabolic disease by improving insulin sensitivity, systemic inflammation, and atherosclerotic features in mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:327. [PMID: 38017481 PMCID: PMC10685620 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) is a macrophage-secreted protein that is massively upregulated as a pro-inflammatory factor in metabolic and vascular tissues of mice and humans suffering from cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the molecular mechanisms explaining the contributions of MMP12 to CMDs are still unclear. METHODS We investigated the impact of MMP12 deficiency on CMDs in a mouse model that mimics human disease by simultaneously developing adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. To this end, we generated and characterized low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)/Mmp12-double knockout (DKO) mice fed a high-fat sucrose- and cholesterol-enriched diet for 16-20 weeks. RESULTS DKO mice showed lower cholesterol and plasma glucose concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity compared with LdlrKO mice. Untargeted proteomic analyses of epididymal white adipose tissue revealed that inflammation- and fibrosis-related pathways were downregulated in DKO mice. In addition, genetic deletion of MMP12 led to alterations in immune cell composition and a reduction in plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in peripheral blood which indicated decreased low-grade systemic inflammation. Aortic en face analyses and staining of aortic valve sections demonstrated reduced atherosclerotic plaque size and collagen content, which was paralleled by an improved relaxation pattern and endothelial function of the aortic rings and more elastic aortic sections in DKO compared to LdlrKO mice. Shotgun proteomics revealed upregulation of anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective markers in the aortas of DKO mice, further supporting our data. In humans, MMP12 serum concentrations were only weakly associated with clinical and laboratory indicators of CMDs. CONCLUSION We conclude that the genetic deletion of MMP12 ameliorates obesity-induced low-grade inflammation, white adipose tissue dysfunction, biomechanical properties of the aorta, and the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting MMP12 may represent a promising approach to combat CMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Amor
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Margarete Lechleitner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anja Dobrijević
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Anita Pirchheim
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Ariane R Pessentheiner
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Silvia Schauer
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Klobučar
- Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostics and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, Graz, 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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3
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Rentz T, Dorighello GG, dos Santos RR, Barreto LM, Freitas IN, Lazaro CM, Razolli DS, Cazita PM, Oliveira HCF. CETP Expression in Bone-Marrow-Derived Cells Reduces the Inflammatory Features of Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1556. [PMID: 37892238 PMCID: PMC10605246 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CETP activity reduces plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations, a correlate of an increased risk of atherosclerotic events. However, our recent findings suggest that CETP expression in macrophages promotes an intracellular antioxidant state, reduces free cholesterol accumulation and phagocytosis, and attenuates pro-inflammatory gene expression. To determine whether CETP expression in macrophages affects atherosclerosis development, we transplanted bone marrow from transgenic mice expressing simian CETP or non-expressing littermates into hypercholesterolemic LDL-receptor-deficient mice. The CETP expression did not change the lipid-stained lesion areas but decreased the macrophage content (CD68), neutrophil accumulation (LY6G), and TNF-α aorta content of young male transplanted mice and decreased LY6G, TNF-α, iNOS, and nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in aged female transplanted mice. These findings suggest that CETP expression in bone-marrow-derived cells reduces the inflammatory features of atherosclerosis. These novel mechanistic observations may help to explain the failure of CETP inhibitors in reducing atherosclerotic events in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Rentz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (T.R.); (G.G.D.); (L.M.B.); (I.N.F.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (T.R.); (G.G.D.); (L.M.B.); (I.N.F.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Renata R. dos Santos
- Division of Radiotherapy, Medical School Hospital, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lohanna M. Barreto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (T.R.); (G.G.D.); (L.M.B.); (I.N.F.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Israelle N. Freitas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (T.R.); (G.G.D.); (L.M.B.); (I.N.F.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Carolina M. Lazaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (T.R.); (G.G.D.); (L.M.B.); (I.N.F.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Daniela S. Razolli
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, SP, Brazil;
| | - Patricia M. Cazita
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil;
| | - Helena C. F. Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil; (T.R.); (G.G.D.); (L.M.B.); (I.N.F.); (C.M.L.)
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, SP, Brazil;
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4
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Okue S, Yaguchi M, Miura A, Ozaki-Masuzawa Y, Hosono T, Seki T. The garlic-derived organosulfur compound diallyl trisulphide suppresses tissue factor function. Food Funct 2022; 13:1246-1255. [PMID: 35022635 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02206g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a critical initiator of extrinsic coagulation that sometimes causes thromboembolism. Diallyl trisulphide (DATS) is a secondary metabolite of allicin generated in crushed garlic, with various pharmacological effects. This study aimed to clarify the effect of DATS on the extrinsic coagulation elicited by TF and arteriosclerosis. TF activity was measured using a clotting assay in TF-expressing HL60 cells. DATS inhibited TF activity in a dose-dependent manner. TF expression in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells was examined using real-time PCR and western blotting. DATS inhibited TF mRNA and protein expression induced by TNF-α via inhibition of JNK signalling. The effect of DATS on arteriosclerosis was also examined in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. DATS administration in these mice tended to decrease atherosclerotic lesion size. These results strongly suggest that DATS prevents thromboembolism triggered by atherosclerosis via the inhibition of plaque formation and TF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Okue
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Manami Yaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miura
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Seki
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Collage of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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5
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Tomas L, Prica F, Schulz C. Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718432. [PMID: 34759917 PMCID: PMC8573388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis – from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, we discuss the functional and ontogenetic composition of the aortic pool of mononuclear phagocytes and its link to the atherosclerotic disease process. The development of mouse models of atherosclerosis regression in recent years, has enabled scientists to investigate the behaviour of monocytes and macrophages during the resolution of atherosclerosis. Herein, we describe the dynamics of these mononuclear phagocytes upon cessation of hypercholesterolemia and how they contribute to the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The aim of this review is to provide an insight into the trafficking, fate and disease-relevant dynamics of monocytes and macrophages during atherosclerosis, and to highlight remaining questions. We focus on the results of rodent studies, as analysis of cellular fates requires experimental manipulations that cannot be performed in humans but point out findings that could be replicated in human tissues. Understanding of the biology of macrophages in atherosclerosis provides an important basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to limit lesion formation and promote plaque regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Tomas
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Prica
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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6
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Umbarawan Y, Enoura A, Ogura H, Sato T, Horikawa M, Ishii T, Sunaga H, Matsui H, Yokoyama T, Kawakami R, Maeno T, Setou M, Kurabayashi M, Iso T. FABP5 Is a Sensitive Marker for Lipid-Rich Macrophages in the Luminal Side of Atherosclerotic Lesions. Int Heart J 2021; 62:666-676. [PMID: 33994513 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-rich macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions are thought to be derived from myeloid and vascular smooth muscle cells. A series of studies with genetic and pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5 and bone marrow transplant experiments with FABP4/5 deficient cells in mice have demonstrated that these play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. However, it is still uncertain about the differential cell-type specificity and distribution between FABP4- and FABP5-expressing cells in early- and late-stage atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we first explored spatial distribution of FABP4/5 in atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. FABP4 was only marginally detected in early and advanced lesions, whereas FABP5 was abundantly expressed in these lesions. In advanced lesions, the FABP5-positive area was mostly restricted to the foam cell layer adjacent to the lumen above collagen and elastic fibers with a high signal/noise ratio. Oil red O (ORO) staining revealed that FABP5-positive cells were lipid-rich in early and advanced lesions. Together, most of lipid-rich FABP5-positive cells reside adjacent to the lumen above collagen and elastic fibers. We next studied involvement of FABP5 in lesion formation of atherosclerosis using ApoE-/- FABP5-/- mice. However, deletion of FABP5 did not affect the development of atherosclerosis. These findings, along with previous reports, suggest a novel notion that FABP5 is a sensitive marker for bone marrow-derived lipid-rich macrophages in the luminal side of atherosclerotic lesions, although its functional significance remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogi Umbarawan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia
| | - Aiko Enoura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Harumi Ogura
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Horikawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University
| | - Tomoaki Ishii
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Center for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Ashikaga University
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences
| | - Ryo Kawakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshitaka Maeno
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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7
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SahBandar IN, Ndhlovu LC, Saiki K, Kohorn LB, Peterson MM, D'Antoni ML, Shiramizu B, Shikuma CM, Chow DC. Relationship between Circulating Inflammatory Monocytes and Cardiovascular Disease Measures of Carotid Intimal Thickness. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:441-448. [PMID: 31588100 PMCID: PMC7242227 DOI: 10.5551/jat.49791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite improvements in the treatment of atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disease and major underlying cause of CVD. Monocytes, an innate immune cell type, are linked to CVD progression; however, given their heterogeneity, the association between distinct monocyte subsets and increased risk of CVD remains unclear. This study investigated the association between peripheral monocyte subpopulation numbers and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a sensitive measure of CVD risk, in a cohort of adults recruited from the general population. Methods: We used clinical data and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens from 67 individuals. cIMT was measured by high-resolution, B-mode, ultrasound images of the right carotid artery. PBMCs were stained with conjugated monoclonal antibodies to define monocyte subpopulations based on CD14 and CD16 co-expressions into classical (CD14++CD16−), intermediate/inflammatory (CD14++CD16+), and non-classical/patrolling (CD14low/+CD16++) monocytes. Results: We found a higher intermediate monocyte count was significantly correlated with increased right common carotid artery (RCCA) and right carotid bifurcation (RBIF) intima-media thickness (IMT) (p = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively), even after adjusting for CVD-associated clinical data (p = 0.006 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a strong correlation between inflammatory monocyte counts and cIMT. These results suggest that, in the general population, there is a relationship between intermediate monocyte expansion and elevated predictors for CVD risk, and intermediate monocytes may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and metabolic diseases. Strategies targeting inflammatory monocytes may be needed to slow CVD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo N SahBandar
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.,Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.,Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Katelyn Saiki
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Lindsay B Kohorn
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Mary Margaret Peterson
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Michelle L D'Antoni
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Bruce Shiramizu
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine.,Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Cecilia M Shikuma
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Dominic C Chow
- Hawai'i Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine
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8
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Devarakonda CV, Pereira FE, Smith JD, Shapiro LH, Ghosh M. CD13 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress and larger atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:70-80. [PMID: 31229835 PMCID: PMC6746312 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory cardiovascular disorder characterized by accumulation of lipid-loaded macrophages in the intima. Prolonged accumulation leads to apoptosis of macrophages and eventually to progression of lesion development. Prevention of macrophage accumulation within the intima has been shown to reduce lesion formation. Since CD13 mediates trafficking of macrophages to sites of injury and repair, we tested the role of CD13 in atherosclerosis. METHODS CD13+/+Ldlr-/- and CD13-/-Ldlr-/- (low density lipoprotein receptor) mice were fed basal or high fat diet (HFD) for 9, 12 and 15 weeks. Mice were euthanized and aortic roots along with innominate arteries were analyzed for atherosclerotic lesions. Cellular mechanisms were determined in vitro using CD13+/+ and CD13-/- bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) incubated with highly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). RESULTS At the 9 and 12 week time points, no differences were observed in the average lesion size, but at the 15 week time point, CD13-/-Ldlr-/- mice had larger lesions with exaggerated necrotic areas. CD13+/+ and CD13-/- macrophages endocytosed similar amounts of oxLDL, but CD13-/- macrophages generated higher amounts of oxidative stressors in comparison to CD13+/+ macrophages. This increased oxidative stress was due to increased nitric oxide production in oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. Accumulated oxidative stress subsequently led to accelerated apoptosis and enhanced necrosis of oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our prediction, CD13 deficiency led to larger atherosclerotic lesions with increased areas of necrosis. Mechanistically, CD13 deficiency led to increased nitric oxide production and consequently, greater oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan V Devarakonda
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Flavia E Pereira
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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9
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Meeuwsen JAL, de Vries JJ, van Duijvenvoorde A, van der Velden S, van der Laan SW, van Koeverden ID, van de Weg SM, de Borst GJ, de Winther MPJ, Kuiper J, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, de Jager SCA. Circulating CD14 +CD16 - classical monocytes do not associate with a vulnerable plaque phenotype, and do not predict secondary events in severe atherosclerotic patients. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 127:260-269. [PMID: 30629987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mouse studies have established distinct monocyte subtypes that participate in the process of atherosclerotic lesion formation. The pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocyte subtype actively contributes to murine plaque progression and destabilization. Also in humans, different peripheral monocyte subtypes have been identified, of which the CD14+CD16- classical monocyte is suggested to display similar pro-atherosclerotic properties as the murine Ly6Chigh subtype. We aimed to investigate if circulating CD14+CD16- classical monocytes associate with characteristics of a vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque and if they associate with the risk of secondary adverse manifestations of atherosclerotic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 175 carotid endarterectomy patients of the Athero-Express biobank in our study. Just prior to surgical procedure, blood was collected and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. Characterization of monocyte subsets was performed by flow cytometry. Plaque characteristics were semi-quantitatively scored for the presence of fat, collagen, intraplaque hemorrhage and calcification. Vessel density, smooth muscle cells and macrophages were assessed quantitatively on a continuous scale. All features of a vulnerable plaque phenotype, including low amounts of collagen and smooth muscle cells, and increased fat content, vessel density, intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque macrophages were not significantly associated with differential levels of peripheral classical CD14+CD16- monocytes or other monocyte subsets. Using Cox regression models to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating monocyte subtypes, we found that total counts of peripheral monocytes, as well as CD14+CD16- classical and other monocyte subtypes were not associated with the risk of secondary cardiovascular events during 3 years follow-up. CONCLUSION Circulating classical CD14+CD16- monocytes do not associate with specific vulnerable plaque characteristics. In addition, they do not predict secondary adverse manifestations. This suggests that in patients with established carotid artery disease, the circulating monocytes do not reflect plaque characteristics and have no value in identifying patients at risk for future cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A L Meeuwsen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith J de Vries
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amerik van Duijvenvoorde
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ian D van Koeverden
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander M van de Weg
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.; Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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10
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Neele AE, Gijbels MJJ, van der Velden S, Hoeksema MA, Boshuizen MCS, Prange KHM, Chen HJ, Van den Bossche J, van Roomen CPPA, Shami A, Levels JHM, Kroon J, Lucas T, Dimmeler S, Lutgens E, de Winther MPJ. Myeloid Kdm6b deficiency results in advanced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:156-165. [PMID: 29908485 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disorder of the arteries, and monocytes and macrophages play a central role in this process. Within the atherosclerotic lesion, macrophages can scavenge modified lipids and become the so-called foam cells. We previously reported that the epigenetic enzyme Kdm6b (also known as Jmjd3) controls the pro-fibrotic transcriptional profile of peritoneal foam cells. Given the importance of these cells in atherosclerosis, we now studied the effect of myeloid Kdm6b on disease progression. METHODS Bone marrow of myeloid Kdm6b deficient (Kdm6bdel) mice or wild type littermates (Kdm6bwt) was transplanted to lethally irradiated Ldlr-/- mice fed a high fat diet for 9 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. RESULTS Lesion size was similar in Kdm6bwt and Kdm6bdel transplanted mice. However, lesions of Kdm6bdel mice contained more collagen and were more necrotic. Pathway analysis on peritoneal foam cells showed that the pathway involved in leukocyte chemotaxis was most significantly upregulated. Although macrophage and neutrophil content was similar after 9 weeks of high fat diet feeding, the relative increase in collagen content and necrosis revealed that atherosclerotic lesions in Kdm6bdel mice progress faster. CONCLUSION Myeloid Kdm6b deficiency results in more advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke C S Boshuizen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen H M Prange
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy P P A van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Lucas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Mein, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Mein, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Byon CH, Heath JM, Chen Y. Redox signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology: A focus on hydrogen peroxide and vascular smooth muscle cells. Redox Biol 2016; 9:244-253. [PMID: 27591403 PMCID: PMC5011184 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Besides having a critical impact on the development and progression of vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy, oxidative stress also regulates physiological signaling processes. As a cell permeable ROS generated by cellular metabolism involved in intracellular signaling, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exerts tremendous impact on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Under pathological conditions, increased oxidase activities and/or impaired antioxidant systems results in uncontrolled production of ROS. In a pro-oxidant environment, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergo phenotypic changes which can lead to the development of vascular dysfunction such as vascular inflammation and calcification. Investigations are ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders induced by oxidative stress. This review mainly focuses on the role of H2O2 in regulating physiological and pathological signals in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Heath
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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12
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Corliss BA, Azimi MS, Munson J, Peirce SM, Murfee WL. Macrophages: An Inflammatory Link Between Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis. Microcirculation 2016; 23:95-121. [PMID: 26614117 PMCID: PMC4744134 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis often occur in response to tissue injury or in the presence of pathology (e.g., cancer), and it is these types of environments in which macrophages are activated and increased in number. Moreover, the blood vascular microcirculation and the lymphatic circulation serve as the conduits for entry and exit for monocyte-derived macrophages in nearly every tissue and organ. Macrophages both affect and are affected by the vessels through which they travel. Therefore, it is not surprising that examination of macrophage behaviors in both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis has yielded interesting observations that suggest macrophages may be key regulators of these complex growth and remodeling processes. In this review, we will take a closer look at macrophages through the lens of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, examining how their dynamic behaviors may regulate vessel sprouting and function. We present macrophages as a cellular link that spatially and temporally connects angiogenesis with lymphangiogenesis, in both physiological growth and in pathological adaptations, such as tumorigenesis. As such, attempts to therapeutically target macrophages in order to affect these processes may be particularly effective, and studying macrophages in both settings will accelerate the field's understanding of this important cell type in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Corliss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 415 Lane Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Mohammad S. Azimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Jenny Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 415 Lane Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Shayn M. Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 415 Lane Road, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 500 Lindy Boggs Energy Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
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13
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Mera Y, Kawai T, Ogawa N, Odani N, Sasase T, Miyajima K, Ohta T, Kakutani M. JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates lipid metabolism and attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animal models. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:169-76. [PMID: 26598005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
JTT-130 was developed as an intestine-specific MTP inhibitor designed to rapidly catabolize after absorption to avoid causing hepatotoxicity due to hepatic MTP inhibition. In previous reports, we have demonstrated that JTT-130 suppresses dietary lipid absorption in the small intestine without inducing hepatic steatosis. Thus, in this report, JTT-130 was administered to hyperlipidemic animals fed a Western diet to investigate the effect of intestinal MTP inhibition on lipid metabolism and progression of atherosclerosis. JTT-130 potently lowered plasma non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), indicating improvement in atherogenic index in hamsters. HDL fractions obtained after two weeks treatment with JTT-130 significantly increased the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, as an index parameter of HDL function. Furthermore, long-term treatment with JTT-130 also improved the plasma lipid profile without inducing hepatic steatosis in rabbits, resulting in the suppression of atherosclerosis formation in aortas. From these results, JTT-130 ameliorates lipid metabolism accompanied with the enhancement of the anti-atherosclerotic function of HDL, and attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic animals. These findings indicate that intestinal MTP inhibition may be atherogenic in vivo and that JTT-130 may be a useful compound for the treatment of dyslipidemia and a potential anti-atherogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Mera
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kawai
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoto Ogawa
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Naoya Odani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Miyajima
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Makoto Kakutani
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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14
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Xu L, Dai Perrard X, Perrard JL, Yang D, Xiao X, Teng BB, Simon SI, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. Foamy monocytes form early and contribute to nascent atherosclerosis in mice with hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1787-97. [PMID: 26112011 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine infiltration of blood foamy monocytes, containing intracellular lipid droplets, into early atherosclerotic lesions and its contribution to development of nascent atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS In apoE(-/-) mice fed Western high-fat diet (WD), >10% of circulating monocytes became foamy monocytes at 3 days on WD and >20% of monocytes at 1 week. Foamy monocytes also formed early in blood of Ldlr(-/-)Apobec1(-/-) (LDb) mice on WD. Based on CD11c and CD36, mouse monocytes were categorized as CD11c(-)CD36(-), CD11c(-)CD36(+), and CD11c(+)CD36(+). The majority of foamy monocytes were CD11c(+)CD36(+), whereas most nonfoamy monocytes were CD11c(-)CD36(-) or CD11c(-)CD36(+) in apoE(-/-) mice on WD. In wild-type mice, CD11c(+)CD36(+) and CD11c(-)CD36(+), but few CD11c(-)CD36(-), monocytes took up cholesteryl ester-rich very low-density lipoproteins (CE-VLDLs) isolated from apoE(-/-) mice on WD, and CE-VLDL uptake accelerated CD11c(-)CD36(+) to CD11c(+)CD36(+) monocyte differentiation. Ablation of CD36 decreased monocyte uptake of CE-VLDLs. Intravenous injection of DiI-CE-VLDLs in apoE(-/-) mice on WD specifically labeled CD11c(+)CD36(+) foamy monocytes, which infiltrated into nascent atherosclerotic lesions and became CD11c(+) cells that were selectively localized in atherosclerotic lesions. CD11c deficiency reduced foamy monocyte infiltration into atherosclerotic lesions. Specific and consistent depletion of foamy monocytes (for 3 weeks) by daily intravenous injections of low-dose clodrosome reduced development of nascent atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Foamy monocytes, which form early in blood of mice with hypercholesterolemia, infiltrate into early atherosclerotic lesions in a CD11c-dependent manner and play crucial roles in nascent atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Dai Perrard
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Jerry L Perrard
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Donglin Yang
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Ba-Bie Teng
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Scott I Simon
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.)
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- From the Department of Medicine (L.X., X.D.P., J.L.P., D.Y., C.M.B., H.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (C.M.B., H.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, TX (C.M.B.); Research Center for Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.-B.T.); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis (S.I.S.); and Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (L.X., X.X.).
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15
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Abstract
Monocytes and their descendant macrophages are essential to the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven inflammatory disease. Lipid-laden macrophages, known as foam cells, reside in early lesions and advanced atheromata. Our understanding of how monocytes accumulate in the growing lesion, differentiate, ingest lipids, and contribute to disease has advanced substantially over the last several years. These cells' remarkable phenotypic and functional complexity is a therapeutic opportunity: in the future, treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and its complications may involve specific targeting of atherogenic monocytes/macrophages and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Hilgendorf
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.).
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.)
| | - Clinton S Robbins
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany (I.H.); Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (F.K.S.); and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.S.R.).
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16
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From proliferation to proliferation: monocyte lineage comes full circle. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:137-48. [PMID: 24435095 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-013-0409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are mononuclear circulating phagocytes that originate in the bone marrow and give rise to macrophages in peripheral tissue. For decades, our understanding of monocyte lineage was bound to a stepwise model that favored an inverse relationship between cellular proliferation and differentiation. Sophisticated molecular and surgical cell tracking tools have transformed our thinking about monocyte topo-ontogeny and function. Here, we discuss how recent studies focusing on progenitor proliferation and differentiation, monocyte mobilization and recruitment, and macrophage differentiation and proliferation are reshaping knowledge of monocyte lineage in steady state and disease.
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17
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van der Stoep M, Li Z, Calpe-Berdiel L, van der Sluis RJ, Saleh P, McKinnon HJ, Smit MJ, Korporaal SJ, Van Berkel TJ, Van Eck M, Hoekstra M. Elimination of macrophages drives LXR-induced regression both in initial and advanced stages of atherosclerotic lesion development. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1594-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Hidalgo A, Tello L, Toro EF. Numerical and analytical study of an atherosclerosis inflammatory disease model. J Math Biol 2013; 68:1785-814. [PMID: 23719743 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-013-0688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We study a reaction-diffusion mathematical model for the evolution of atherosclerosis as an inflammation process by combining analytical tools with computer-intensive numerical calculations. The computational work involved the calculation of more than sixty thousand solutions of the full reaction-diffusion system and lead to the complete characterisation of the ω-limit for every initial condition. Qualitative properties of the solution are rigorously proved, some of them hinted at by the numerical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hidalgo
- Dept. Matemática Aplicada y Métodos Informáticos. E.T.S.I., Minas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Rios Rosas 21, 28003 , Madrid, Spain,
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Wanschel A, Seibert T, Hewing B, Ramkhelawon B, Ray TD, van Gils JM, Rayner KJ, Feig JE, O'Brien ER, Fisher EA, Moore KJ. Neuroimmune guidance cue Semaphorin 3E is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and regulates macrophage retention. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:886-93. [PMID: 23430613 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The persistence of myeloid-derived cells in the artery wall is a characteristic of advanced atherosclerotic plaques. However, the mechanisms by which these cells are retained are poorly understood. Semaphorins, a class of neuronal guidance molecules, play a critical role in vascular patterning and development, and recent studies suggest that they may also have immunomodulatory functions. The present study evaluates the expression of Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) in settings relevant to atherosclerosis and its contribution to macrophage accumulation in plaques. APPROACH AND RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining of Sema3E, and its receptor PlexinD1, demonstrated their expression in macrophages of advanced atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe(-/-) mice. Notably, in 2 different mouse models of atherosclerosis regression, Sema3E mRNA was highly downregulated in plaque macrophages, coincident with a reduction in plaque macrophage content and an enrichment in markers of reparative M2 macrophages. In vitro, Sema3E mRNA was highly expressed in inflammatory M1 macrophages and in macrophages treated with physiological drivers of plaque progression and inflammation, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and hypoxia. To explore mechanistically how Sema3E affects macrophage behavior, we treated macrophages with recombinant protein in the presence/absence of chemokines, including CCL19, a chemokine implicated in the egress of macrophages from atherosclerotic plaques. Sema3E blocked actin polymerization and macrophage migration stimulated by the chemokines, suggesting that it may immobilize these cells in the plaque. CONCLUSIONS Sema3E is upregulated in macrophages of advanced plaques, is dynamically regulated by multiple atherosclerosis-relevant factors, and acts as a negative regulator of macrophage migration, which may promote macrophage retention and chronic inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarylis Wanschel
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New YorkUniversity School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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20
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Thacker SG, Zhao W, Smith CK, Luo W, Wang H, Vivekanandan-Giri A, Rabquer BJ, Koch AE, Pennathur S, Davidson A, Eitzman DT, Kaplan MJ. Type I interferons modulate vascular function, repair, thrombosis, and plaque progression in murine models of lupus and atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2975-85. [PMID: 22549550 DOI: 10.1002/art.34504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a notable increase in atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is not explained by the Framingham risk equation. In vitro studies indicate that type I interferons (IFNs) may play prominent roles in increased CV risk in SLE. However, the in vivo relevance of these findings, with regard to the development of CVD, has not been characterized. This study was undertaken to examine the role of type I IFNs in endothelial dysfunction, aberrant vascular repair, and atherothrombosis in murine models of lupus and atherosclerosis. METHODS Lupus-prone New Zealand mixed 2328 (NZM) mice and atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E- knockout (apoE(-/-) ) mice were compared to mice lacking type I IFN receptor (INZM and apoE(-/-) IFNAR(-/-) mice, respectively) with regard to endothelial vasodilatory function, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function, in vivo neoangiogenesis, plaque development, and occlusive thrombosis. Similar experiments were performed using NZM and apoE(-/-) mice exposed to an IFNα-containing or empty adenovirus. RESULTS Loss of type I IFN receptor signaling improved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, lipoprotein parameters, EPC numbers and function, and neoangiogenesis in lupus-prone mice, independent of disease activity or sex. Further, acute exposure to IFNα impaired endothelial vasorelaxation and EPC function in lupus-prone and non-lupus-prone mice. Decreased atherosclerosis severity and arterial inflammatory infiltrates and increased neoangiogenesis were observed in apoE(-/-) IFNAR(-/-) mice, compared to apoE(-/-) mice, while NZM and apoE(-/-) mice exposed to IFNα developed accelerated thrombosis and platelet activation. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that type I IFNs play key roles in the development of premature CVD in SLE and, potentially, in the general population, through pleiotropic deleterious effects on the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth G Thacker
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Zuwała-Jagiello J, Pazgan-Simon M, Simon K, Warwas M. Picolinic acid in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: a preliminary report. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:762863. [PMID: 22701277 PMCID: PMC3368595 DOI: 10.1155/2012/762863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation seems to be a feature of chronic liver diseases. Picolinic acid (PA) as a macrophage secondary signal causes the activation of interferon-gamma- (IFN-γ-) prime macrophage and triggers cytokine-driven inflammatory reactions. The rationale for seeking increased PA formation in chronic viral hepatitis is based on the involvement of activated macrophages in chronic viral hepatitis-associated inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine serum PA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, taking into account the presence of diabetes. We assessed PA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) as a marker of inflammation in 51 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC), both with and without diabetes and 40 controls. Compared with the controls, the patients with CHC showed a significant increase in plasma concentrations of PA and hsCRP (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, resp.). The values of PA and hsCRP were more elevated in patients with diabetes than without diabetes (both P < 0.01). The positive relationships were between PA and hsCRP levels (P < 0.05) and the presence of diabetes (P < 0.001). We documented that significant elevation in serum PA levels is associated with diabetes prevalence and increased inflammatory response reflected in hsCRP levels in CHC patients.
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Aparicio-Vergara M, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Koonen DPY, Hofker MH. Bone marrow transplantation as an established approach for understanding the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:111-21. [PMID: 22274753 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283508c4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) technology is a firmly established tool for studying atherosclerosis. Only recently it is helping us to understand the inflammatory mechanisms leading to the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Here we review the use of BMT as a tool for studying the metabolic syndrome. RECENT FINDINGS Bone marrow-derived cells, and particularly monocytes and macrophages, have been a major subject in the study of atherogenesis, and they are highly amenable for research purposes because of their application in bone marrow transplantations. For example, the many pathways studied using BMT have helped unmask ABC transporters as the genes controlling reverse cholesterol transport and foam cell formation, as well as other genes like CCR2 and IκBα controlling leukocyte development, migration and activation. The invasion of leukocytes, not only in the vessel wall, but also in adipose tissue and liver, shares many common mechanisms relevant to atherosclerosis and metabolic diseases. SUMMARY BMT is an efficient and versatile tool for assessing the roles of specific genes that are restricted to hematopoietic cells, and especially the monocytes and macrophages in metabolic syndrome and its related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Aparicio-Vergara
- Molecular Genetics, Medical Biology Section, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Björkbacka H. Atherosclerosis: cell biology and lipoproteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:430-2. [PMID: 21904125 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32834b0d59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Zhao Y, Ye D, Wang J, Calpe-Berdiel L, Azzis SBRN, Van Berkel TJC, Van Eck M. Stage-specific remodeling of atherosclerotic lesions upon cholesterol lowering in LDL receptor knockout mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1522-32. [PMID: 21741939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the concentration of circulating lipids leads to decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the dynamic remodeling that established atherosclerotic lesions undergo upon lipid lowering is poorly understood. Early or advanced lesions in the aortic root were induced by feeding LDL receptor knockout mice a high-fat, high-cholesterol Western-type diet for 5 or 9 weeks, respectively. In the first week after switching to a chow diet, plasma total cholesterol levels dropped 70%, but both early and advanced lesions increased in size. Early lesions grew because of an increase in smooth muscle cells; advanced lesions had an enlargement of absolute macrophage area. From 1 to 3 weeks after the diet switch, plasma total cholesterol levels were completely normalized, but the size of early lesions remained stable; however, advanced lesions became smaller due to a reduction of the absolute macrophage area. From 3 to 6 weeks, both early and advanced lesions progressed further, as a result of expansion of the absolute collagen and necrotic core area. In contrast, early lesions became proinflammatory, as evidenced by the increased infiltration of neutrophils and increased oxidative stress, probably caused by the activation of mast cells in the adventitia. Thus, the severity of atherosclerotic lesions affects their dynamic response to lipid lowering, indicating the importance of establishing stage-specific therapeutic protocols for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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