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Warner JB, Hardesty JE, Song YL, Floyd AT, Deng Z, Jebet A, He L, Zhang X, McClain CJ, Hammock BD, Warner DR, Kirpich IA. Hepatic Transcriptome and Its Regulation Following Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:71-84. [PMID: 37925018 PMCID: PMC10768534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a serious public health problem with limited pharmacologic options. The goal of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of pharmacologic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, in experimental ALD, and to examine the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to acute-on-chronic ethanol (EtOH) feeding with or without the sEH inhibitor 4-[[trans-4-[[[[4-trifluoromethoxy phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-amino]cyclohexyl]oxy]-benzoic acid (TUCB). Liver injury was assessed by multiple end points. Liver epoxy fatty acids and dihydroxy fatty acids were measured by targeted metabolomics. Whole-liver RNA sequencing was performed, and free modified RNA bases were measured by mass spectrometry. EtOH-induced liver injury was ameliorated by TUCB treatment as evidenced by reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and was associated with attenuated alcohol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and increased numbers of hepatic M2 macrophages. TUCB altered liver epoxy and dihydroxy fatty acids and led to a unique hepatic transcriptional profile characterized by decreased expression of genes involved in apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Several modified RNA bases were robustly changed by TUCB, including N6-methyladenosine and 2-methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine. These findings show the beneficial effects of sEH inhibition by TUCB in experimental EtOH-induced liver injury, warranting further mechanistic studies to explore the underlying mechanisms, and highlighting the translational potential of sEH as a drug target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Josiah E Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Ying L Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Alison T Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Zhongbin Deng
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Audriy Jebet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Dennis R Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
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2
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Liu Y, Lyu Y, Zhu L, Wang H. Role of TRP Channels in Liver-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12509. [PMID: 37569884 PMCID: PMC10420300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a crucial role in preserving the homeostasis of an entire organism by metabolizing both endogenous and exogenous substances, a process that relies on the harmonious interactions of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The disruption of the liver's normal structure and function by diverse pathogenic factors imposes a significant healthcare burden. At present, most of the treatments for liver disease are palliative in nature, rather than curative or restorative. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which are extensively expressed in the liver, play a crucial role in regulating intracellular cation concentration and serve as the origin or intermediary stage of certain signaling pathways that contribute to liver diseases. This review provides an overview of recent developments in liver disease research, as well as an examination of the expression and function of TRP channels in various liver cell types. Furthermore, we elucidate the molecular mechanism by which TRP channels mediate liver injury, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultimately, the present discourse delves into the current state of research and extant issues pertaining to the targeting of TRP channels in the treatment of liver diseases and other ailments. Despite the numerous obstacles encountered, TRP channels persist as an extremely important target for forthcoming clinical interventions aimed at treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yihan Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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3
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Vatsalya V, Royer AJ, Jha SK, Parthasarathy R, Tiwari H, Feng W, Ramchandani VA, Kirpich IA, McClain CJ. Drinking and laboratory biomarkers, and nutritional status characterize the clinical presentation of early-stage alcohol-associated liver disease. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 114:83-108. [PMID: 37268335 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption is commonly observed in alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD often leads to alcohol-associated organ injury, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Approximately 10-20% of patients with AUD progress to ALD. Progression of ALD from the development phase to more advanced states involve the interplay of several pathways, including nutritional alterations. Multiple pathologic processes have been identified in the progression and severity of ALD. However, there are major gaps in the characterization and understanding of the clinical presentation of early-stage ALD as assessed by clinical markers and laboratory measures. Several Institutions and Universities, including the University of Louisville, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health, have published a series of manuscripts describing early-stage ALD over the past decade. Here, we comprehensively describe early-stage ALD using the liver injury and drinking history markers, and the laboratory biomarkers (with a focus on nutrition status) that are uniquely involved in the development and progression of early-stage ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Amor J Royer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Suman Kumar Jha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ranganathan Parthasarathy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Harsh Tiwari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Wenke Feng
- Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY United States
| | - Vijay A Ramchandani
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY United States
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY United States; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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4
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Expression and functions of transient receptor potential channels in liver diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:445-459. [PMID: 36873177 PMCID: PMC9978971 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases constitute a major healthcare burden globally, including acute hepatic injury resulted from acetaminophen overdose, ischemia-reperfusion or hepatotropic viral infection and chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Attainable treatment strategies for most liver diseases remain inadequate, highlighting the importance of substantial pathogenesis. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels represent a versatile signalling mechanism regulating fundamental physiological processes in the liver. It is not surprising that liver diseases become a newly explored field to enrich our knowledge of TRP channels. Here, we discuss recent findings revealing TRP functions across the fundamental pathological course from early hepatocellular injury caused by various insults, to inflammation, subsequent fibrosis and hepatoma. We also explore expression levels of TRPs in liver tissues of ALD, NAFLD and HCC patients from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) or The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and survival analysis estimated by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. At last, we address the therapeutical potential and challenges by pharmacologically targeting TRPs to treat liver diseases. The aim is to provide a better understanding of the implications of TRP channels in liver diseases, contributing to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and efficient drugs.
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Araújo MC, Soczek SHS, Pontes JP, Marques LAC, Santos GS, Simão G, Bueno LR, Maria-Ferreira D, Muscará MN, Fernandes ES. An Overview of the TRP-Oxidative Stress Axis in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights for Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081292. [PMID: 35455971 PMCID: PMC9030853 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex pathology characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. It has become a global epidemic associated with increased consumption of high-calorie, low-fibre food and sedentary habits. Some of its underlying mechanisms have been identified, with hypoadiponectinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress as important factors for MS establishment and progression. Alterations in adipokine levels may favour glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity which, in turn, contribute to inflammation and cellular stress responses within the adipose, pancreatic and liver tissues, in addition to hepatic steatosis. The multiple mechanisms of MS make its clinical management difficult, involving both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are non-selective calcium channels involved in a plethora of physiological events, including energy balance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from animal models of disease has contributed to identify their specific contributions to MS and may help to tailor clinical trials for the disease. In this context, the oxidative stress sensors TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPC5, play major roles in regulating inflammatory responses, thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, the interplay between these TRP channels and oxidative stress in MS is discussed in the light of novel therapies to treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizael C. Araújo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Suzany H. S. Soczek
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline P. Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 565085-080, MA, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo A. C. Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Gabriela S. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís 65075-120, MA, Brazil; (M.C.A.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gisele Simão
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Laryssa R. Bueno
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maria-Ferreira
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. Muscará
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (L.A.C.M.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Elizabeth S. Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, PR, Brazil; (S.H.S.S.); (G.S.); (L.R.B.); (D.M.-F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Aplicada à Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80230-020, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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6
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Heinrich L, Booijink R, Khurana A, Weiskirchen R, Bansal R. Lipoxygenases in chronic liver diseases: current insights and future perspectives. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 43:188-205. [PMID: 34961619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) caused by viral infections, alcohol/drug abuse, or metabolic disorders affect millions of people globally and have increased mortality owing to the lack of approved therapies. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of multifaceted enzymes that are responsible for the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders including liver diseases. This review describes the three main LOX signaling pathways - 5-, 12-, and 15-LOX - and their involvement in CLDs. We also provide recent insights and future perspectives on LOX-related hepatic pathophysiology, and discuss the potential of LOXs and LOX-derived metabolites as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Heinrich
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Richell Booijink
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Khurana
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Translational Liver Research, Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Kang H, Kim MB, Park YK, Lee JY. A mouse model of the regression of alcoholic hepatitis: Monitoring the regression of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and NAD + metabolism upon alcohol withdrawal. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108852. [PMID: 34525389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a well-characterized mouse model of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) regression. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli (LD) control diet or LD containing 5% ethanol for ten days followed by one binge, which is the chronic-binge model of AH developed by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. To determine AH regression, mice previously exposed to ethanol were put on LD control diet and metabolic and inflammatory features were monitored weekly for three weeks. Serum alcohol, total cholesterol, and alanine transaminase levels were increased in ethanol-fed mice, which declined to those of no ethanol controls within one and three weeks after ethanol withdrawal, respectively. Serum malondialdehyde was increased with ethanol feeding, but it was restored to no ethanol control levels within one week. Ethanol-induced changes in the hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, ethanol metabolism, and antioxidant response were restored to those of no ethanol controls after 3 weeks of ethanol withdrawal. Also, ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation was gradually decreased during the 3 weeks of ethanol withdrawal. Hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and the expression of enzymes involved in the NAD+ salvage pathway were decreased by ethanol feeding, which was mitigated after ethanol withdrawal. Ethanol significantly lowered hepatic sirtuin 1 expression, but its levels were restored with ethanol cessation. This study established a mouse model of AH regression, which can be used as a preclinical model to study the potential of dietary bioactives or therapeutic agents on AH regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
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Liang N, Hennebelle M, Gaul S, Johnson CD, Zhang Z, Kirpich IA, McClain CJ, Feldstein AE, Ramsden CE, Taha AY. Feeding mice a diet high in oxidized linoleic acid metabolites does not alter liver oxylipin concentrations. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 172:102316. [PMID: 34403987 PMCID: PMC9157566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of dietary linoleic acid (LA) produces oxidized LA metabolites (OXLAMs) known to regulate multiple signaling pathways in vivo. Recently, we reported that feeding OXLAMs to mice resulted in liver inflammation and apoptosis. However, it is not known whether this is due to a direct effect of OXLAMs accumulating in the liver, or to their degradation into bioactive shorter chain molecules (e.g. aldehydes) that can provoke inflammation and related cascades. To address this question, mice were fed a low or high LA diet low in OXLAMs, or a low LA diet supplemented with OXLAMs from heated corn oil (high OXLAM diet). Unesterified oxidized fatty acids (i.e. oxylipins), including OXLAMs, were measured in liver after 8 weeks of dietary intervention using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass-spectrometry. The high OXLAM diet did not alter liver oxylipin concentrations compared to the low LA diet low in OXLAMs. Significant increases in several omega-6 derived oxylipins and reductions in omega-3 derived oxylipins were observed in the high LA dietary group compared to the low LA group. Our findings suggest that dietary OXLAMs do not accumulate in liver, and likely exert pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects via downstream secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, Unites States
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, Unites States
| | - Susanne Gaul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Unites States; Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Casey D Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Unites States
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, Unites States
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and University of Louisville Alcohol Center
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and University of Louisville Alcohol Center; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; and Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, Unites States
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, Unites States; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, Unites States.
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Israelsen M, Kim M, Suvitaival T, Madsen BS, Hansen CD, Torp N, Trost K, Thiele M, Hansen T, Legido-Quigley C, Krag A. Comprehensive lipidomics reveals phenotypic differences in hepatic lipid turnover in ALD and NAFLD during alcohol intoxication. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100325. [PMID: 34401690 PMCID: PMC8350545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims In experimental models, alcohol induces acute changes in lipid metabolism that cause hepatocyte lipoapoptosis and inflammation. Here we study human hepatic lipid turnover during controlled alcohol intoxication. Methods We studied 39 participants with 3 distinct hepatic phenotypes: alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and healthy controls. Alcohol was administrated via nasogastric tube over 30 min. Hepatic and systemic venous blood was sampled simultaneously at 3 time points: baseline, 60, and 180 min after alcohol intervention. Liver biopsies were sampled 240 min after alcohol intervention. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry to measure levels of more than 250 lipid species from the blood and liver samples. Results After alcohol intervention, the levels of blood free fatty acid (FFA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) decreased, while triglyceride (TG) increased. FFA was the only lipid class to decrease in NAFLD after alcohol intervention, whereas LPC and FFA decreased and TG increased after intervention in ALD and healthy controls. Fatty acid chain uptake preference in FFAs and LPCs were oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. Hepatic venous blood FFA and LPC levels were lower when compared with systemic venous blood levels throughout the intervention. After alcohol intoxication, liver lipidome in ALD was similar to that in NAFLD. Conclusions Alcohol intoxication induces rapid changes in circulating lipids including hepatic turnaround from FFA and LPC, potentially leading to lipoapoptosis and steatohepatitis. TG clearance was suppressed in NAFLD, possibly explaining why alcohol and NAFLD are synergistic risk factors for disease progression. These effects may be central to the pathogenesis of ALD. Clinical Trials Registration The study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03018990). Lay summary We report that alcohol induces hepatic extraction of free unsaturated fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholines, hepatotoxic lipids which have not been previously associated with alcohol-induced liver injury. We also found that individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have reduced lipid turnover during alcohol intoxication when compared with people with alcohol-related fatty liver disease. This may explain why alcohol is particularly more harmful in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver and why elevated BMI and alcohol have a synergistic effect on the risk of liver-related death. Alcohol intoxication induces rapid changes in the profile of circulating lipids. Alcohol has a profound effect on monosaturated fatty acids. Triglyceride clearance is suppressed in NAFLD during alcohol intoxication. Hepatic lipid turnover differentiates ALD and NAFLD during alcohol intoxication. A suppressed metabolic response may explain why alcohol is particularly harmful in NAFLD.
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Key Words
- ALD, alcohol-related liver disease
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, asparagine aminotransferase
- Alcohol
- CTL, healthy control
- Cer, ceramide
- DG, diglyceride
- Ethanol
- FFA, free fatty acid
- Fatty acids
- GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
- Heavy drinking
- HexCer, hexosylceramide
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- LacCer, lactosylceramides
- Lipidomics
- Liver disease
- Lysophosphatidylcholines
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- P-glucose, plasma glucose
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- QC, quality control
- SHexCer, sulfatides hexosylceramide
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TE, transient elastography
- TG, triglyceride
- Triglycerides
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Israelsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- OPEN Open Patient data Explorative Network, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Bjørn Stæhr Madsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Camilla Dalby Hansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Torp
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kajetan Trost
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Address: Odense Liver Research Centre, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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10
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Zirnheld KH, Warner DR, Warner JB, Hardesty JE, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Ramsden CE, Hennebelle M, Schuster S, Keyes GS, Johnson CD, Kirpich IA, Dahlen JE, Horowitz MS, Zamora D, Feldstein AE, McClain CJ, Muhlhausler BS, Makrides M, Gibson RA, Taha AY. Effects of diets enriched in linoleic acid and its peroxidation products on brain fatty acids, oxylipins, and aldehydes in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1206-1213. [PMID: 30053599 PMCID: PMC6180905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid (LA) is abundant in modern industrialized diets. Oxidized LA metabolites (OXLAMs) and reactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), are present in heated vegetable oils and can be endogenously synthesized following consumption of dietary LA. OXLAMs have been implicated in cerebellar degeneration in chicks; 4-HNE is linked to neurodegenerative conditions in mammals. It unknown whether increasing dietary LA or OXLAMs alters the levels of oxidized fatty acids (oxylipins), precursor fatty acids, or 4-HNE in mammalian brain. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of increases in dietary OXLAMs and dietary LA, on levels of fatty acids, oxylipins, and 4-HNE in mouse brain tissues. METHODS Mice (n = 8 per group) were fed one of three controlled diets for 8 weeks: (1) a low LA diet, (2) a high LA diet, or (3) the low LA diet with added OXLAMs. Brain fatty acids, oxylipins, and 4-HNE were quantified in mouse cerebellum and cerebral cortex by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and immunoblot, respectively. RESULTS Increasing dietary LA significantly increased omega-6 fatty acids, decreased omega-3 fatty acids, and increased OXLAMs in brain. Dietary OXLAMs had minimal effect on oxidized lipids but did decrease both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Neither dietary LA nor OXLAMs altered 4-HNE levels. CONCLUSION Brain fatty acids are modulated by both dietary LA and OXLAMs, while brain OXLAMs are regulated by endogenous synthesis from LA, rather than incorporation of preformed OXLAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; FOODplus Research Center, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Marie Hennebelle
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Schuster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Keyes
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Casey D Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jeff E Dahlen
- Neurobiology Section, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Mark S Horowitz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Beverly S Muhlhausler
- FOODplus Research Center, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- FOODplus Research Center, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Reactive metabolites of acetaminophen activate and sensitize the capsaicin receptor TRPV1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12775. [PMID: 28986540 PMCID: PMC5630573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The irritant receptor TRPA1 was suggested to mediate analgesic, antipyretic but also pro-inflammatory effects of the non-opioid analgesic acetaminophen, presumably due to channel activation by the reactive metabolites parabenzoquinone (pBQ) and N-acetyl-parabenzoquinonimine (NAPQI). Here we explored the effects of these metabolites on the capsaicin receptor TRPV1, another redox-sensitive ion channel expressed in sensory neurons. Both pBQ and NAPQI, but not acetaminophen irreversibly activated and sensitized recombinant human and rodent TRPV1 channels expressed in HEK 293 cells. The reducing agents dithiothreitol and N-acetylcysteine abolished these effects when co-applied with the metabolites, and both pBQ and NAPQI failed to gate TRPV1 following substitution of the intracellular cysteines 158, 391 and 767. NAPQI evoked a TRPV1-dependent increase in intracellular calcium and a potentiation of heat-evoked currents in mouse spinal sensory neurons. Although TRPV1 is expressed in mouse hepatocytes, inhibition of TRPV1 did not alleviate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Finally, intracutaneously applied NAPQI evoked burning pain and neurogenic inflammation in human volunteers. Our data demonstrate that pBQ and NAQPI activate and sensitize TRPV1 by interacting with intracellular cysteines. While TRPV1 does not seem to mediate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, our data identify TRPV1 as a target of acetaminophen with a potential relevance for acetaminophen-induced analgesia, antipyresia and inflammation.
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13
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Warner DR, Liu H, Miller ME, Ramsden CE, Gao B, Feldstein AE, Schuster S, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Dietary Linoleic Acid and Its Oxidized Metabolites Exacerbate Liver Injury Caused by Ethanol via Induction of Hepatic Proinflammatory Response in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2232-2245. [PMID: 28923202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is a major human health problem leading to significant morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. Dietary fat plays an important role in alcoholic liver disease pathogenesis. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that a combination of ethanol and a diet rich in linoleic acid (LA) leads to the increased production of oxidized LA metabolites (OXLAMs), specifically 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), which contribute to a hepatic proinflammatory response exacerbating liver injury. Mice were fed unsaturated (with a high LA content) or saturated fat diets (USF and SF, respectively) with or without ethanol for 10 days, followed by a single binge of ethanol. Compared to SF+ethanol, mice fed USF+ethanol had elevated plasma alanine transaminase levels, enhanced hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Plasma and liver levels of 9- and 13-HODEs were increased in response to USF+ethanol feeding. We demonstrated that primarily 9-HODE, but not 13-HODE, induced the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines in vitro in RAW264.7 macrophages. Finally, deficiency of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, a major enzyme involved in LA oxidation and OXLAM production, attenuated liver injury and inflammation caused by USF+ethanol feeding but had no effect on hepatic steatosis. This study demonstrates that OXLAM-mediated induction of a proinflammatory response in macrophages is one of the potential mechanisms underlying the progression from alcohol-induced steatosis to alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Huilin Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Matthew E Miller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Susanne Schuster
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Craig J McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
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14
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Gao B, Xu MJ, Bertola A, Wang H, Zhou Z, Liangpunsakul S. Animal Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Relevance. Gene Expr 2017; 17:173-186. [PMID: 28411363 PMCID: PMC5500917 DOI: 10.3727/105221617x695519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a leading cause of chronic liver injury worldwide, comprises a range of disorders including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Over the last five decades, many animal models for the study of ALD pathogenesis have been developed. Recently, a chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding model was reported. This model induces significant steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. A clinically relevant model of high-fat diet feeding plus binge ethanol was also developed, which highlights the risk of excessive binge drinking in obese/overweight individuals. All of these models recapitulate some features of the different stages of ALD and have been widely used by many investigators to study the pathogenesis of ALD and to test for therapeutic drugs/components. However, these models are somewhat variable, depending on mouse genetic background, ethanol dose, and animal facility environment. This review focuses on these models and discusses these variations and some methods to improve the feeding protocol. The pathogenesis, clinical relevance, and translational studies of these models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adeline Bertola
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- †Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Hua Wang
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ‡Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- *Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- §Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- ¶Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Paul AM, Acharya D, Duty L, Thompson EA, Le L, Stokic DS, Leis AA, Bai F. Osteopontin facilitates West Nile virus neuroinvasion via neutrophil "Trojan horse" transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4722. [PMID: 28680095 PMCID: PMC5498593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) can cause severe human neurological diseases including encephalitis and meningitis. The mechanisms by which WNV enters the central nervous system (CNS) and host-factors that are involved in WNV neuroinvasion are not completely understood. The proinflammatory chemokine osteopontin (OPN) is induced in multiple neuroinflammatory diseases and is responsible for leukocyte recruitment to sites of its expression. In this study, we found that WNV infection induced OPN expression in both human and mouse cells. Interestingly, WNV-infected OPN deficient (Opn -/-) mice exhibited a higher survival rate (70%) than wild type (WT) control mice (30%), suggesting OPN plays a deleterious role in WNV infection. Despite comparable levels of viral load in circulating blood cells and peripheral organs in the two groups, WNV-infected polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and viral burden in brain of Opn -/- mice were significantly lower than in WT mice. Importantly, intracerebral administration of recombinant OPN into the brains of Opn -/- mice resulted in increased WNV-infected PMN infiltration and viral burden in the brain, which was coupled to increased mortality. The overall results suggest that OPN facilitates WNV neuroinvasion by recruiting WNV-infected PMNs into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Dhiraj Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Laurel Duty
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - E Ashley Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Linda Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Dobrivoje S Stokic
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurological Recovery, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - A Arturo Leis
- Center for Neuroscience and Neurological Recovery, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.
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16
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Avila DV, Barker DF, Zhang J, McClain CJ, Barve S, Gobejishvili L. Dysregulation of hepatic cAMP levels via altered Pde4b expression plays a critical role in alcohol-induced steatosis. J Pathol 2017; 240:96-107. [PMID: 27287961 DOI: 10.1002/path.4760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis is a significant risk factor for progressive liver disease. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling has been shown to significantly regulate lipid metabolism; however, the role of altered cAMP homeostasis in alcohol-mediated hepatic steatosis has never been studied. Our previous work demonstrated that increased expression of hepatic phosphodiesterase 4 (Pde4), which specifically hydrolyses and decreases cAMP levels, plays a pathogenic role in the development of liver inflammation/injury. The aim of this study was to examine the role of PDE4 in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6 wild-type and Pde4b knockout (Pde4b(-/-) ) mice were pair-fed control or ethanol liquid diets. One group of wild-type mice received rolipram, a PDE4-specific inhibitor, during alcohol feeding. We demonstrate for the first time that an early increase in PDE4 enzyme expression and a resultant decrease in hepatic cAMP levels are associated with the significant reduction in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a) expression. Notably, alcohol-fed (AF) Pde4b(-/-) mice and AF wild-type mice treated with rolipram had significantly lower hepatic free fatty acid content compared with AF wild-type mice. Importantly, PDE4 inhibition in alcohol-fed mice prevented the decrease in hepatic Cpt1a expression via the Pparα/Sirt1/Pgc1α pathway. These results demonstrate that the alcohol- induced increase in hepatic Pde4, specifically Pde4b expression, and compromised cAMP signalling predispose the liver to impaired fatty acid oxidation and the development of steatosis. Moreover, these data also suggest that hepatic PDE4 may be a clinically relevant therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana V Avila
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David F Barker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - JingWen Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Leila Gobejishvili
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Guardiola JJ, Beier JI, Falkner KC, Wheeler B, McClain CJ, Cave M. Occupational exposures at a polyvinyl chloride production facility are associated with significant changes to the plasma metabolome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:47-56. [PMID: 27765658 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational vinyl chloride (VC) exposures have been associated with toxicant-associated steatohepatitis and liver cancer. Metabolomics has been used to clarify mode of action in drug-induced liver injury but has not been performed following VC exposures. METHODS Plasma samples from 17 highly exposed VC workers without liver cancer and 27 unexposed healthy volunteers were obtained for metabolite extraction and GC/MS and LC/MS2 analysis. Following ion identification/quantification, Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed. RESULTS 613 unique named metabolites were identified. Of these, 189 metabolites were increased in the VC exposure group while 94 metabolites were decreased. Random Forest analysis indicated that the metabolite signature could separate the groups with 94% accuracy. VC exposures were associated with increased long chain (including arachidonic acid) and essential (including linoleic acid) fatty acids. Occupational exposure increased lipid peroxidation products including monohydroxy fatty acids (including 13-HODE); fatty acid dicarboxylates; and oxidized arachidonic acid products (including 5,9, and 15-HETE). Carnitine and carnitine esters were decreased, suggesting peroxisomal/mitochondrial dysfunction and alternate modes of lipid oxidation. Differentially regulated metabolites were shown to interact with extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), Akt, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The top canonical pathways affected by occupational exposure included tRNA charging, nucleotide degradation, amino acid synthesis/degradation and urea cycle. Methionine and homocysteine was increased with decreased cysteine, suggesting altered 1-carbon metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure generated a distinct plasma metabolome with markedly altered lipid and amino acid metabolites. ERK1/2, Akt, AMPK, and NMDA were identified as protein targets for vinyl chloride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Guardiola
- University of Louisville Department of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Juliane I Beier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - K Cameron Falkner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Benjamin Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Craig James McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA; The Kentucky One Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Matt Cave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Louisville, KY 40206, USA; The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY, 40206, USA; The Kentucky One Health Jewish Hospital Liver Transplant Program, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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18
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Osna NA, Carter WG, Ganesan M, Kirpich IA, McClain CJ, Petersen DR, Shearn CT, Tomasi ML, Kharbanda KK. Aberrant post-translational protein modifications in the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6192-6200. [PMID: 27468209 PMCID: PMC4945978 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational modification, be it enzymatic or non-enzymatic. These modified protein(s) regulate activity, localization and interaction with other cellular molecules thereby maintaining cellular hemostasis. Alcohol exposure significantly alters several of these post-translational modifications leading to impairments of many essential physiological processes. Here, we present new insights into novel modifications following ethanol exposure and their role in the initiation and progression of liver injury. This critical review condenses the proceedings of a symposium at the European Society for the Biomedical Research on Alcoholism Meeting held September 12-15, 2015, in Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Majchrzak-Hong S, Faurot KR, Broste SK, Frantz RP, Davis JM, Ringel A, Suchindran CM, Hibbeln JR. Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73). BMJ 2016; 353:i1246. [PMID: 27071971 PMCID: PMC4836695 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the traditional diet-heart hypothesis through recovery and analysis of previously unpublished data from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment (MCE) and to put findings in the context of existing diet-heart randomized controlled trials through a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN The MCE (1968-73) is a double blind randomized controlled trial designed to test whether replacement of saturated fat with vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid reduces coronary heart disease and death by lowering serum cholesterol. Recovered MCE unpublished documents and raw data were analyzed according to hypotheses prespecified by original investigators. Further, a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials that lowered serum cholesterol by providing vegetable oil rich in linoleic acid in place of saturated fat without confounding by concomitant interventions was conducted. SETTING One nursing home and six state mental hospitals in Minnesota, United States. PARTICIPANTS Unpublished documents with completed analyses for the randomized cohort of 9423 women and men aged 20-97; longitudinal data on serum cholesterol for the 2355 participants exposed to the study diets for a year or more; 149 completed autopsy files. INTERVENTIONS Serum cholesterol lowering diet that replaced saturated fat with linoleic acid (from corn oil and corn oil polyunsaturated margarine). Control diet was high in saturated fat from animal fats, common margarines, and shortenings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Death from all causes; association between changes in serum cholesterol and death; and coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarcts detected at autopsy. RESULTS The intervention group had significant reduction in serum cholesterol compared with controls (mean change from baseline -13.8%v-1.0%; P<0.001). Kaplan Meier graphs showed no mortality benefit for the intervention group in the full randomized cohort or for any prespecified subgroup. There was a 22% higher risk of death for each 30 mg/dL (0.78 mmol/L) reduction in serum cholesterol in covariate adjusted Cox regression models (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.32; P<0.001). There was no evidence of benefit in the intervention group for coronary atherosclerosis or myocardial infarcts. Systematic review identified five randomized controlled trials for inclusion (n=10,808). In meta-analyses, these cholesterol lowering interventions showed no evidence of benefit on mortality from coronary heart disease (1.13, 0.83 to 1.54) or all cause mortality (1.07, 0.90 to 1.27). CONCLUSIONS Available evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that replacement of saturated fat in the diet with linoleic acid effectively lowers serum cholesterol but does not support the hypothesis that this translates to a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease or all causes. Findings from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment add to growing evidence that incomplete publication has contributed to overestimation of the benefits of replacing saturated fat with vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Majchrzak-Hong
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert P Frantz
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit Ringel
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chirayath M Suchindran
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Alcoholic Liver Disease: Update on the Role of Dietary Fat. Biomolecules 2016; 6:1. [PMID: 26751488 PMCID: PMC4808795 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) spans a spectrum of liver pathology, including fatty liver, alcoholic steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary factors, including dietary fat, as well as alcohol, play critical roles in the pathogenesis of ALD. The protective effects of dietary saturated fat (SF) and deleterious effects of dietary unsaturated fat (USF) on alcohol-induced liver pathology are well recognized and documented in experimental animal models of ALD. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in an epidemiological study of alcoholic cirrhosis that dietary intake of SF was associated with a lower mortality rates, whereas dietary intake of USF was associated with a higher mortality. In addition, oxidized lipids (dietary and in vivo generated) may play a role in liver pathology. The understanding of how dietary fat contributes to the ALD pathogenesis will enhance our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of ALD development and progression, and may result in the development of novel diet-based therapeutic strategies for ALD management. This review explores the relevant scientific literature and provides a current understanding of recent advances regarding the role of dietary lipids in ALD pathogenesis.
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