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Yuan M, Ceylan AF, Gao R, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Ren J. Selective inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome protects against acute ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity in an FBXL2-dependent manner. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1972-1986. [PMID: 37994158 PMCID: PMC10753364 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking exerts cardiac toxicity through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasomes possess both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties, although the role of NLRP3 in ethanol-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. This study is designed to examine the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in acute ethanol cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of action. Nine- to twelve-week-old adult male C57BL/6 mice are administered with ethanol (1.5 g/kg, twice daily, i.p.) for 3 days. A cohort of control and ethanol-challenged mice are treated with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 (10 mg/kg/day, i.p., days 1 and 3). Myocardial geometry and function are monitored using echocardiography and cardiomyocyte edge-detection techniques. Levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, mitophagy and apoptosis are evaluated by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence techniques. Acute ethanol challenge results in abnormally higher cardiac systolic function, in conjunction with deteriorated cardiac diastolic function and cardiomyocyte contractile function. Levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis are elevated, and mitophagy flux is blocked (elevated Pink1-Parkin and LC3B along with diminished p62 and Rab7) in mice receiving acute ethanol challenge. Although MCC950 does not elicit a notable effect on myocardial function, apoptosis or inflammasome activation in the absence of ethanol exposure, it effectively rescues acute ethanol cardiotoxicity, as manifested by restored myocardial and cardiomyocyte functional homeostasis, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis, and improved mitophagy flux. Our data further suggest that FBXL2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase associated with mitochondrial homeostasis and mitophagy, is destabilized due to proteasomal degradation of caspase-1 by ethanol-induced hyperactivation of NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome signaling, resulting in mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. These findings denote a role for NLRP3 inflammasome in acute ethanol exposure-induced cardiotoxicity in an FBXL2-dependent manner and the therapeutic promise of targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for acute ethanol cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghai200032China
| | - Asli F. Ceylan
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Medical PharmacologyBilkentAnkaraTurkey
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Department of CardiologyThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310009China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institutes for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai200123China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghai200032China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- Clinical Research Center for Interventional MedicineShanghai200032China
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Daka B, Bennet L, Råstam L, Hellgren MI, Li Y, Magnusson M, Lindblad U. Association between self-reported alcohol consumption and diastolic dysfunction: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069937. [PMID: 37821143 PMCID: PMC10583109 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While alcohol consumption is associated with common risk factors for diastolic dysfunction the independent impact of low levels of alcohol consumption on this condition in a community setting is still unclear.Thus, the aim of this study was to explore this association in a representative population sample employing optimal echocardiographic techniques. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study in community-based population. SETTINGS, PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants between 30 and 75 years of age were consecutively invited to a physical examination, interview, conventional echocardiography, including Tissue Velocity Imaging. Diastolic dysfunction was defined according to the European Society of Cardiology criteria, excluding subjects with ejection fraction <45%, self-reported history of heart failure or atrial fibrillation on ECG. Self-reported alcohol intake using a validated questionnaire was categorised as no intake, low and medium-high intake. RESULTS In total, 500 men and 538 women (mean age 55.4±13) were successfully examined. Diastolic dysfunction was identified in 16% (79/500) of the men and 13% (58/538) of the women. The multivariable adjusted model revealed a strong and independent association between alcohol intake and diastolic dysfunction. In fact, using no alcohol intake as reference, diastolic dysfunction was independently associated with alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent fashion; low consumption, OR 2.3 (95% CI 1.3 to 4.0) and medium-high consumption OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.6 to 6.2), respectively. CONCLUSION There was a significant association between alcohol consumption and diastolic dysfunction starting already at low levels that was supported by a dose-dependent pattern. These results need confirmatory studies and are important in public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bledar Daka
- Medicine, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Louise Bennet
- Family Medicine, Deaprtment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Lennart Råstam
- Family Medicine, Deaprtment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | - Ying Li
- Medicine, Sahlgrenska Akademy, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Lindblad
- Family Medicine, Deaprtment of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
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Chen Y, Cui X, Jiang L, Xu X, Huang C, Wang Q. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognostic analyses of coronary small vessel disease: a retrospective cohort study of 986 patients. Postgrad Med 2023; 135:569-577. [PMID: 37259582 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2023.2221110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Coronary small vessel disease (CSVD) is often associated with significant percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) related complications, complex lesions, complex PCI, and poor long-term prognosis. We designed this retrospective study to clarify the characteristics, risk factors, and prognostic analyses of CSVD in Chinese populations. METHODS A total of 986 patients who underwent coronary angiography and stent implantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were evaluated. Patients were grouped into CSVD or non-small vessel disease (non-CSVD) according to stent diameter. Clinical data, coronary angiography, and long-term follow-up were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression, the Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank Test, and Cox regression model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Alcohol consumption (OR = 0.420, 95% CI: 0.299-0.588, P < 0.001) was implicated as a negative CSVD correlation factor. CSVD was more likely to be associated with multi-vessel lesions (79.2% vs. 49.4%, P < 0.001), bifurcation lesions (24.0% vs. 12.4%, P < 0.001), chronic total obstruction lesions (29.5% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001), and long lesions (55.2% vs. 35.7%, P < 0.001), which reduced the efficacy of revascularization (70.1% vs. 85.1%, P < 0.001). In the follow-ups, cardiac death (2.3% vs. 0.4%, P = 0.008), stroke (1.9% vs. 0.3%, P = 0.007), target lesion revascularization (5.8% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.029), target vessel revascularization (6.8% vs. 3.4%, P = 0.016), and non-target vessel revascularization (7.8% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.012) were all substantially higher in CSVD patients. Troponin I level (OR = 1.008, 95% CI: 1.004-1.012, P < 0.001), complete revascularization (OR = 0.292, 95% CI: 0.160-0.531, P < 0.001), and aspirin administration (OR = 0.041, 95% CI: 0.013-0.131, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of MACE events of all patients. CONCLUSION Compared to non-CSVD, CSVD was associated with more complex lesions, had worse revascularization efficacy, and a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Xue ES, Su HZ, Li ZY, Hong LC, Lin WJ, Chen C, Guo J, Fang ZY. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging: Novel Method for the Evaluation of Chronic Alcohol-Induced Testicular Damage. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023:S0301-5629(23)00165-5. [PMID: 37271681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were to determine whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging could be used for assessment of chronic alcohol-induced testicular damage (CAITD) and to explore the relationships between the laboratory and pathological findings of CAITD and the quantitative parameters of CEUS. METHODS Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into a chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) group and negative control (NC) group, which were further randomly divided into six groups with equal numbers of rabbits by period of exposure (30 d, 60 d, 90 d). All rabbits underwent conventional US and CEUS imaging at the end of the induction period. Blood and histological specimens were collected for laboratory and pathological examination. RESULTS The peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) for the CEUS parameters decreased as CAITD progressed (p < 0.05). Both PI and AUC were positively correlated with the Johnsen score (r= 0.945 and 0.898, respectively, all p values <0.001) and the mean epithelium thickness of the seminiferous tubule (METST) (r= 0.927 and 0.881, respectively, all p values <0.001) of the testis, and negatively correlated with the serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) (r = -0.940 and -0.899, respectively, all p values <0.001) and nitric oxide (NO) (r = -0.894 and -0.954, respectively, all p values <0.001), as well as the testicular tissue content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (r = -0.894 and -0.945, respectively, all p values <0.001). CONCLUSION CEUS imaging can be used for monitoring organ perfusion of the testis to quantify the development of CAITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Sheng Xue
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Huan-Zhong Su
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Cheng Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Jin Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC. The Effect of Alcohol on Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:42. [PMID: 34762198 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the acute and chronic effects of alcohol on blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of hypertension. We discuss the most current understanding of the mechanisms underlining these effects and their associations with the putative cardioprotective effects of consumption of low-to-moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages. RECENT FINDINGS A recent meta-analysis confirmed findings of experimental studies, demonstrating an acute biphasic effect of ethanol on BP, decreasing up to 12 h of ingestion and increasing after that. This effect is mediated by vagal inhibition and sympathetic activation. A meta-analysis found that chronic consumption of alcoholic beverages was associated with a high incidence of hypertension in men and women; it also found that, in women, the risk begins at moderate alcohol consumption. The risks of alcohol consumption are higher in Blacks than in Asians or Caucasians. The mechanism underlying the chronic effects of alcohol on BP, and particularly the differential effect on Blacks, is still unknown. Short-term trials showed that alcohol withdrawal promotes BP reduction; however, the long-term effectiveness of interventions that aim to lower BP through the restriction of alcohol consumption has not been demonstrated. The harmful effects of alcohol on BP do not support the putative cardioprotective effect of low-to-moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. The absence of a tangible mechanism of protection, and the possibility that this beneficial effect is biased by socioeconomic and other characteristics of drinkers and abstainers, calls into question the hypothesis that consuming low amounts of alcoholic beverages improves cardiovascular health. The evidence from investigations with various designs converge regarding the acute biphasic effect of ethanol on BP and the risk of chronic consumption on the incidence of hypertension, particularly for Blacks. These effects do not support the putative cardioprotective effect of consumption of low-to-moderate amounts of alcoholic beverages. Mechanisms of chronic BP increase and the demonstration of long-term benefits of reducing alcohol intake as a means to treat hypertension remain open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Danni Fuchs
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-900, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Costa Fuchs
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lim C, Kim TH, Yu HT, Lee SR, Cha MJ, Lee JM, Park J, Park JK, Kang KW, Shim J, Uhm JS, Kim J, Park HW, Choi EK, Kim JB, Lee YS, Joung B. Effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of adverse events in atrial fibrillation: from the COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF) registry. Europace 2021; 23:548-556. [PMID: 33227134 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation (AF)-related adverse events in the AF population. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 9411 patients with nonvalvular AF in a prospective observational registry were categorized into four groups according to the amount of alcohol consumption-abstainer-rare, light (<100 g/week), moderate (100-200 g/week), and heavy (≥200 g/week). Data on adverse events (ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, systemic embolic event, or AF hospitalization including for AF rate or rhythm control and heart failure management) were collected for 17.4 ± 7.3 months. A Cox proportional hazard models was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), and propensity score matching was conducted to validate the results. The heavy alcohol consumption group showed an increased risk of composite adverse outcomes [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.66] compared with the reference group (abstainer-rare group). However, no significant increased risk for adverse outcomes was observed in the light (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.68-1.13) and moderate (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63-1.33) groups. In subgroup analyses, adverse effect of heavy alcohol consumption was significant, especially among patients with low CHA2DS2-VASc score, without hypertension, and in whom β-blocker were not prescribed. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of adverse events in patients with AF, whereas light or moderate alcohol consumption does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chewan Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Myung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbeom Park
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Cardiology, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Woon Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Shim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sun Uhm
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Bae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Chen X, Yang J, Du L, Zhou Y, Li K. Meta-analysis of alcohol consumption and venous thromboembolism. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:477-498. [PMID: 33824981 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of alcohol consumption and venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been investigated widely, but the conclusions were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To summarize the relationship of alcohol consumption and VTE. METHODS This study has been registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020164567). We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 2019 and reviewed the reference list of relevant articles to identify studies assessing the association between alcohol consumption and risk of VTE. RESULTS Fourteen cohorts and four case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with non-drinkers, the risk of VTE was decreased (RR: 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.88-0.99) for alcohol drinkers. The pooled RRs of VTE were 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.99) for low to moderate alcohol intake (0.1-14.0 drinks/week) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.78-1.06) for high alcohol intake (>14.0 drinks/week) compared with non-drinker. Subgroup analysis showed liquor intake might slightly increase the risk of VTE (1.01; 95% CI 0.85-1.21) although the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption in low to moderate was associated with a lower risk of VTE. However, precautions are needed when providing personal drinking advice considering the potential harm of alcohol. Further studies are warranted to determine whether moderate alcohol consumption has a causal role in VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Zhang
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinrong Chen
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Du
- Chinese Evidence-based Medicine/Cochrane Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ka Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pardo-Garcia I, Amo-Saus E, Moya-Martinez P. Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors Related to Cost and Frequency of Hospitalization in European Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062833. [PMID: 33802180 PMCID: PMC7998278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals' lifestyles play an important role in healthcare costs. A large part of these costs is derived from hospitalizations. With the aim of determine the relationship between lifestyle and the likelihood of hospitalization and associate costs in older adults, this study used the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe. Generalized regression models for panel data were developed and adjusted hospitalization costs derived from the length of hospital stay were also estimated. The average adjusted cost of hospitalization was I$ 9901.50 and the analyses showed that performing weekly physical activity significantly reduces the probability of hospitalization (OR: 0.624) and its costs (I$ 2594.5 less per person per year than subjects who never performed physical activity). Muscle strength plays an important role in this relationship and eating habits are not of great significance. Furthermore, we found interesting differences in the frequency and costs of hospitalization between subjects by country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pardo-Garcia
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- Sociosanitary Research Center, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;
- Research Group of Economy, Food and Society, Castilla La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Elisa Amo-Saus
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), 02071 Albacete, Spain;
- Research Group of Economy, Food and Society, Castilla La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-902-204-100 (ext. 2333)
| | - Pablo Moya-Martinez
- Sociosanitary Research Center, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;
- Research Group of Economy, Food and Society, Castilla La Mancha University, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- School of Social Sciences, Castilla- La Mancha University (UCLM), 16071 Cuenca, Spain
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Deltsidou A, Zarikas V, Mastrogiannis D, Kapreli E, Bourdas D, Raftopoulos V, Noula M, Lykeridou K. Data on advanced glycation end-products concentrations and haemodynamic parameters following caffeine and nicotine consumption in nursing students. Data Brief 2020; 32:106063. [PMID: 32793773 PMCID: PMC7412759 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents data from a non-invasive interventional trial investigating the early effects of caffeine and nicotine on both the concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and haemodynamic parameters in 178 healthy nursing students aged between 18 and 40. These students were allocated into four groups (A, B, C and D) and the concentrations of AGEs as well as haemodynamic parameters were measured non-invasively using the AgeReader and the Finometer devices, respectively. The haemodynamic parameters that were measured included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, inter-beat interval, stroke volume, cardiac output, ventricular ejection time, total peripheral resistance, ascending aorta impedance and total arterial compliance. According to our protocol, each beverage contained 100 mg of caffeine each cigarette contained 1.5 mg of nicotine. The present data reveal the combined effect of smoke and caffeine consumption to several hemodynamic parameters that may be related to the onset of elevated blood pressure during smoking and following caffeine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Deltsidou
- Midwifery Department, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Zarikas
- General Department, University of Thessaly, Greece.,School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Eleni Kapreli
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Noula
- Nursing Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Gonzalez-Sanchez J, Garcia-Ortiz L, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, Tamayo-Morales O, Lugones-Sanchez C, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Gomez-Marcos MA. The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption With Vascular Structure and Arterial Stiffness in the Spanish Population: EVA Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1816-1824. [PMID: 32623750 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the way alcohol use is associated with vascular structure and arterial stiffness parameters. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption with vascular structure and arterial stiffness in an adult population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study. Five hundred and one participants were recruited by random sampling from an urban population of 43,946 individuals aged 35 to 75 years, assigned from 5 healthcare centers located in Salamanca, Spain. This was a subanalysis of the EVA study. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) with the VaSera VS-1500® device, and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) with the Sphygmocor® . Vascular structure was evaluated by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) with a Sonosite Micromax® ultrasound. Alcohol consumption was calculated using a standardized questionnaire and quantified in g/wk. RESULTS In the multiple regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, and systolic blood pressure, the c-IMT and cf-PWV values of individuals drinking > 70 g/wk were higher than those of the reference group (nondrinkers) by 0.02 mm (p = 0.030) and 0.42 m/s (p = 0.021), respectively. The association between alcohol consumption with vascular structure and arterial stiffness only attains statistical significance for cf-PWV (p = 0.039) and c-IMT (p = 0.019), showing an association which suggests a J-shaped association. This association was not statistically significant for ba-PWV and CAVI (p = 0.446 and p = 0.141, respectively), although a similar trend was observed with ba-PWV. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that heavy alcohol consumption (>70 g/wk) is associated with increased c-IMT and cf-PWV. Moreover, we found a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and c-IMT and cf-PWV values as markers of vascular structure and arterial stiffness, with no association with ba-PWV and CAVI being observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Gonzalez-Sanchez
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy (JG, JIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Ortiz
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences (LG), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Iberian Network on Arterial Structure (LG, ER, MAG), Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Iberian Network on Arterial Structure (LG, ER, MAG), Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine (ER, MAG), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose A Maderuelo-Fernandez
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Lugones-Sanchez
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose I Recio-Rodriguez
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy (JG, JIR), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gomez-Marcos
- From the, Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), (JG, LG, ER, JAM, OT, CL, JIR, MAG), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Iberian Network on Arterial Structure (LG, ER, MAG), Central Hemodynamics and Neurocognition, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Medicine (ER, MAG), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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11
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Xia Y, Yang J, Sanyal AJ, Shah VH, Chalasani NP, Yu Q, Zheng X, Li W. Persistent Hyperactivation of Endothelial Cells in Patients with Alcoholic Hepatitis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1075-1087. [PMID: 32246771 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe inflammatory liver disease that develops in some heavy drinkers. AH patients have intense hepatic infiltration of leukocytes. Up-regulation of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) upon endothelial cell (EC) activation plays an important role in leukocyte transendothelial migration. CAMs can shed from EC surface and accumulate in the blood, serving as soluble markers for EC activation. In this study, we examined the impact of heavy drinking on expression of soluble forms of EC activation markers (CD146, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A) and the effect of alcohol abstinence on the reversal of these abnormalities in heavy drinkers with and without AH. METHODS ELISA and multiplex immunoassays were used to measure soluble EC activation markers in plasma samples from 79 AH patients, 66 heavy drinkers without overt liver disease (HDC), and 44 healthy controls (HC) at baseline, 31 AH patients and 30 HDC at 6-month follow-up, and 18 AH patients and 25 HDC at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, the 4 soluble markers were significantly up-regulated in AH patients compared with HDC and HC, whereas only sVCAM-1 was elevated in HDC relative to HC. At follow-ups, plasma levels of CD146, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A remained higher in AH patients, even for those who stopped drinking. These dysregulated markers correlated with AH disease severity, clinical parameters, and several soluble inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS The levels of soluble CD146, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and VEGF-A were highly elevated in AH patients, and alcohol abstinence did not completely reverse these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112833. [PMID: 31752333 PMCID: PMC6893438 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.
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13
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Le Daré B, Lagente V, Gicquel T. Ethanol and its metabolites: update on toxicity, benefits, and focus on immunomodulatory effects. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:545-561. [PMID: 31646907 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1679169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the toxic and beneficial effects of ethanol and its metabolites (acetaldehyde), and focuses on their immunomodulatory effects. The section dealing with the toxic effects of alcohol focuses on its chronic toxicity (liver disorders, carcinogenic effects, cardiovascular disorders, neuropsychic disorders, addiction and withdrawal syndrome, hematologic disorders, reprotoxicity, osteoporosis) although acute toxicity is considered. The role of oxidative metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 2E1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, as well as the impact of genetic polymorphism in its physiopathology are also highlighted. The section dealing with the beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption (on cardiovascular system, diabetes, the nervous system and sensory organs, autoimmune diseases, and rheumatology) highlights the importance of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in these observations. This knowledge, enriched by a focus on the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol and its metabolites, in particular on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, might facilitate the development of treatments that can reduce ethanol's harmful effects or accentuate its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Le Daré
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.,Pharmacy Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.,Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lagente
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.,Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
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14
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Alcohol intake and brain white matter in middle aged men: Microscopic and macroscopic differences. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:390-398. [PMID: 29487796 PMCID: PMC5816025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with deleterious changes in the brain but associations of moderate alcohol intake are not well understood. We examined the association of alcohol consumption with brain white matter health in 377 middle-aged men (56-66 years old; mean 61.8 ± 2.6 years) who were participants in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). T1-, T2-, proton density-, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were obtained. Diffusion measures were quantified from 12 major white matter tracts. Global white matter lesion (WML) burden was also quantified. Mixed effects linear models examined differences in diffusivity and WMLs by amount of alcohol intake. Analyses adjusted for numerous demographic, health, and lifestyle variables. An inverted-U association was found between alcohol intake and fractional anisotropy (FA) in several tracts, including the inferior-frontal-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, the forceps minor and the anterior thalamic radiations. In these tracts, FA increased with increasing alcohol intake, peaking with moderate alcohol intake (9-28 drinks in 14 days), and declining with heavier intake. Associations remained significant after exclusion of individuals with diabetes or hypertension. There was a U-shaped association in WML burden with highest burden among never drinkers and heavy drinkers (>28 drinks in 14 days). This association was no longer significant after exclusion of individuals with hypertension, since WML burden among heavy drinkers no longer differed from that of other drinkers. This suggests that hypertension related to heavy alcohol intake may contribute to WML burden observed among heavy drinkers. Together, these correlational results suggest that among middle-aged men, moderate drinking may be associated with metrics of better white matter health, particularly microstructural measures, whereas drinking beyond recommended guidelines may be associated with both microstructural and macrostructural white matter damage.
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15
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Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Buckman JF, Heiss S, Singh G, Bates ME. Early signs of cardiovascular dysregulation in young adult binge drinkers. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13036. [PMID: 29193139 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is widespread on American college campuses, but its effects on the cardiovascular system are poorly understood. This study sought evidence of preclinical cardiovascular changes in binge drinking young adults (n = 24) compared to nondrinking (n = 24) and social drinking (n = 23) peers during baseline, paced sighing (0.033 Hz), and paced breathing (0.1 Hz) tasks. Binge drinkers showed consistent but often statistically nonsignificant evidence of greater sympathetic activation and reduced baroreflex sensitivity. Interestingly, the structure of group-averaged baseline heart rate spectra was considerably different between groups in the low frequency range (0.05-0.15 Hz). In particular, the binge drinking group-averaged spectra showed several spectral peaks not evident in the other groups, possibly indicating two functionally distinct subranges (0.05-0.08 and 0.08-0.15 Hz) that reflect vascular tone baroreflex activity and heart rate baroreflex activity, respectively. Vascular tone baroreflex gain and power in two peaks in the 0.05-0.08 Hz range were associated with years of drinking in the binge drinking group. Vascular dysfunction may be an early indicator of drinking-related change in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sydney Heiss
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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16
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Can A, Castro VM, Ozdemir YH, Dagen S, Dligach D, Finan S, Yu S, Gainer V, Shadick NA, Savova G, Murphy S, Cai T, Weiss ST, Du R. Alcohol Consumption and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:13-19. [PMID: 28752411 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption may be a modifiable risk factor for rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Our aim is to evaluate the association between ruptured aneurysms and alcohol consumption, intensity, and cessation. The medical records of 4701 patients with 6411 radiographically confirmed intracranial aneurysms diagnosed at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital between 1990 and 2016 were reviewed. Individuals were divided into cases with ruptured aneurysms and controls with unruptured aneurysms. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between alcohol consumption and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. In multivariable analysis, current alcohol use (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.58) was associated with rupture status compared with never drinkers, whereas former alcohol use was not significant (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.92-1.63). In addition, the number of alcoholic beverages per day among current alcohol users (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23) was significantly associated with rupture status, whereas alcohol use intensity was not significant among former users (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.11). Current alcohol use and intensity are significantly associated with intracranial aneurysm rupture. However, this increased risk does not persist in former alcohol users, emphasizing the potential importance of alcohol cessation in patients harboring unruptured aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Can
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Victor M Castro
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yildirim H Ozdemir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarajune Dagen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dmitriy Dligach
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Finan
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Vivian Gainer
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy A Shadick
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guergana Savova
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn Murphy
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Ormond G, Murphy R. An investigation into the effect of alcohol consumption on health status and health care utilization in Ireland. Alcohol 2017; 59:53-67. [PMID: 28262187 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a study of the effect of alcohol consumption on individual health status and health care utilization in Ireland using the 2007 Slán National Health and Lifestyle Survey, while accounting for the endogenous relationship between alcohol and health. Drinkers are categorized as those who never drank, non-drinkers, moderate drinkers, or heavy drinkers, based on national recommended weekly drinking levels in Ireland. The drinking-status equation is estimated using an ordered probit model. Predicted values for the inverse mills ratio are generated, which are then included in the health and health-care utilization equations. Differences in health status for each category of drinker are examined, and the relationship between both alcohol consumption and health with a host of other personal and socio-economic variables is also identified. Given that the measure of health status available is self-assessed, the effect of alcohol consumption on health-care utilization is also analyzed as an alternative measure of health. Findings show that in Ireland, moderate drinkers enjoy the best health status. More moderate drinkers report having very good or excellent health compared with heavy drinkers, non-drinkers, or those who never drank. While heavy drinkers do not report having as good a health status as moderate drinkers, they are better off in terms of health when compared with non-drinkers and those who are lifetime abstainers.
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18
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Dinc N, Lescher S, Quick-Weller J, Berkefeld J, Platz J, Senft C, Seifert V, Konczalla J. Outcome, Prognostic Factors, and Follow-Up Results After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms. World Neurosurg 2017; 99:566-571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Luo R, Shen J, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Li G. Evaluation of the brachial artery endothelial function in chronic alcohol consumption among males by high-frequency ultrasonography. Echocardiography 2016; 34:226-231. [PMID: 28032358 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is evidence suggesting that different volumes of chronic alcohol consumption have different effects on the endothelium. Therefore, using high-frequency ultrasonography, we evaluate the effects of the different volume and duration of alcohol intake on brachial artery endothelial function in chronic drinkers. METHODS Ninety-two male chronic episodic alcoholics were grouped by alcohol intake amount and duration: mild (group B, n=30); ≤90 mg ethanol daily, 3-5 days/wk for 5-8 years; moderate (group C, n=30); 90-150 mg ethanol daily, 3-5 days/wk for 9-20 years; and severe (group D, n=32); ≥150 mg ethanol daily, 6-7 days/wk for more than 10 years. Thirty male nondrinkers were recruited as the control group A. High-frequency ultrasonography was used to measure brachial artery diameter during rest, during reactive hyperemia and following the administration of nitroglycerin. Endothelial-dependent brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelial-independent brachial artery nitrate-mediated dilatation (NMD) were calculated. RESULTS Flow-mediated dilatation values for group C and D were significantly lower than those for group A and B (VC =7.63±0.22, VD =5.85±0.23 vs VA =13.35±0.35, VB =12.81±0.36, P<.01). The FMD of group D was significantly lower than that of group C (P<.01). Meanwhile, the NMD of group D was significantly lower than that of the other groups (VD =17.33±6.21 vs VA =25.35±7.42, VB =24.52±8.30, VC =23.35±7.27, P<.01). CONCLUSIONS Chronic moderate-to-heavy alcohol consumption caused endothelial dysfunction, even damaging vascular smooth muscle cells in cases of heavy alcohol consumption, while abstinence and chronic mild alcoholics caused no effect on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlan Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangsen Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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Ormond G, Murphy R. The effect of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland. Alcohol 2016; 56:39-49. [PMID: 27814793 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on household income in Ireland using the Slán National Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007 dataset, accounting for endogeneity and selection bias. Drinkers are categorised into one of four categories based on the recommended weekly drinking levels by the Irish Health Promotion Unit; those who never drank, non-drinkers, moderate and heavy drinkers. A multinomial logit OLS Two Step Estimate is used to explain individual's choice of drinking status and to correct for selection bias which would result in the selection into a particular category of drinking being endogenous. Endogeneity which may arise through the simultaneity of drinking status and income either due to the reverse causation between the two variables, income affecting alcohol consumption or alcohol consumption affecting income, or due to unobserved heterogeneity, is addressed. This paper finds that the household income of drinkers is higher than that of non-drinkers and of those who never drank. There is very little difference between the household income of moderate and heavy drinkers, with heavy drinkers earning slightly more. Weekly household income for those who never drank is €454.20, non-drinkers is €506.26, compared with €683.36 per week for moderate drinkers and €694.18 for heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Ormond
- Department of Accounting and Economics, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland.
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21
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Oosthuizen W, Malan L, Scheepers JD, Cockeran M, Malan NT. The defense response and alcohol intake: A coronary artery disease risk? The SABPA Study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:526-32. [PMID: 27399032 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2016.1163372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woudri Oosthuizen
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Leoné Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus D. Scheepers
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marike Cockeran
- Medicine Usage in South Africa (MUSA), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Nicolaas T. Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), School of Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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22
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Joseph N, B A, Faizan Thouseef M, Devi M U, Abna A, Juneja I. A multicenter review of epidemiology and management of varicose veins for national guidance. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016; 8:21-7. [PMID: 27257482 PMCID: PMC4878844 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicose vein is a common surgical problems in India. This study was done to assess the clinico-epidemiological profile, risk factors and management practices in varicose veins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 170 varicose vein cases admitted in tertiary care hospitals in Mangalore between May 2011 to April 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Majority of cases 53(31.2%) were of the age group 41-50 years. Majority were males 127(74.7%) and majority were unskilled workers 101(59.4%). Superficial veins were involved in 123(72.4%) cases. Perforator followed by great saphenous vein were most frequently involved. Veins on the left side were more involved than on the right. Common symptoms at the time of presentation was ulceration 98(57.6%) followed by pain in the legs 96(56.5%). Ulceration was seen significantly more among females (p = 0.027) and among house wives (p = 0.004). Complications like eczema 46(27.1%), non-healing ulcers 21(12.3%) and deep vein thrombosis 10(5.9%) were reported among cases. Eczema was present significantly more among elderly patients aged above 60 years (p = 0.019). Risk factors like prolonged standing was observed in 86(50.6%) cases. This history was significantly seen among males (p = 0.001) and among those involved in unskilled occupations (p < 0.001). Recurrence of varicose vein was reported in 23(13.5%) cases. It was associated with patients of the age group 21-30 years (p = 0.021). Doppler ultrasound was the most common 120(70.6%) investigation done. Micronized purified flavonoid fraction was used in management in 15(8.8%) cases. Conservative management methods like limb elevation 50(29.4%) and compression stocking 36(21.2%) was advised to patients. Saphenous vein stripping was the most common surgical procedure 40(23.5%) performed. CONCLUSION The high risk groups identified in this study need to be made aware of risk of developing varicose veins. Use of compression stocking at work place added with newer procedure in management could help in betterment in their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Joseph
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Abhishai B
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Uma Devi M
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ayesha Abna
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
| | - Isha Juneja
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
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Qu B, Qu T, Liu Y, Jia Y, Han X, Su J, Wang H, Liu L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Pan J, Ren G. Risk Factors Associated With Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a Male Population With Chronic Alcohol Consumption: A Prospective Observational Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3322. [PMID: 27082578 PMCID: PMC4839822 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a relationship between alcohol consumption and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). However, the exact associations between different severities of CIMT and dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, inflammatory immune markers, and oxidative markers associated with chronic alcohol consumption remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether there are associations between different severities of CIMT and dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, inflammatory immune markers, and oxidative markers associated with chronic alcohol consumption. We enrolled 173 males with chronic alcohol consumption and categorized them into 2 groups: 104 chronic alcohol consumers with normal CIMT (group A) and 69 chronic alcohol consumers with increased CIMT (group B). Nonparametric statistics showed that age, body mass index (BMI), and serum TC, TG, Apo A1, and ApoB levels were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P = 0.002, 0.019, 0.021, 0.023, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). Additionally, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and HSP70 serum levels were significantly lower in group B than in group A (P = 0.023 and 0.017, respectively). A binary logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.077, 95% CI: 1.024-1.13, P = 0.004), ApoB (OR: 6.828, 95% CI: 1.506-30.956, P = 0.013), and TNF-α (OR: 0.999, 95% CI: 0.998-1.00) were independent risk factors associated with CIMT. The present study demonstrated that age, ApoB, and TNFα are independent risk factors associated with CIMT. Thus, older subjects with increased serum ApoB levels are more likely to present with increased CIMT, suggesting that age and ApoB promote such thickening and that TNFα downregulation might play a protective role against the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with chronic alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoge Qu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital of Shandong Province; Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong (BQ, YL, YJ, XH, JS, HW, LL, ZW, YW, JP, GR); and Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (TQ)
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Effect of Folic Acid, Betaine, Vitamin B₆, and Vitamin B12 on Homocysteine and Dimethylglycine Levels in Middle-Aged Men Drinking White Wine. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010034. [PMID: 26771632 PMCID: PMC4728648 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate regular consumption of alcoholic beverages is believed to protect against atherosclerosis but can also increase homocysteine or dimethylglycine, which are putative risk factors for atherosclerosis. We aimed (1) to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on vitamins and several metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism; and (2) to find the most effective way of decreasing homocysteine during moderate alcohol consumption. Methods: Male volunteers (n = 117) were randomly divided into five groups: the wine-only group (control, 375 mL of white wine daily for one month) and four groups combining wine consumption with one of the supplemented substances (folic acid, betaine, and vitamins B12 or B6). Significant lowering of homocysteine concentration after the drinking period was found in subjects with concurrent folate and betaine supplementation. Vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 supplementation did not lead to a statistically significant change in homocysteine. According to a multiple linear regression model, the homocysteine change in the wine-only group was mainly determined by the interaction between the higher baseline homocysteine concentration and the change in dimethylglycine levels. Folate and betaine can attenuate possible adverse effects of moderate alcohol consumption. Dimethylglycine should be interpreted together with data on alcohol consumption and homocysteine concentration.
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Abstract
The consumption of ethanol can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the function of the heart and cardiovascular system, depending on the amount consumed. Low-to-moderate amounts of ethanol intake are associated with improvements in cardiac function and vascular health. On the other hand, ethanol chronically consumed in large amounts acts as a toxin to the heart and vasculature. The cardiac injury produced by chronic alcohol abuse can progress to heart failure and eventual death. Furthermore, alcohol abuse may exacerbate preexisting heart conditions, such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of both the beneficial and detrimental cardiac effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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26
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Spożywanie piwa i alkoholu etylowego a poziom wybranych interleukin w osoczu u młodych szczurów Wistar. ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ADDICTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.alkona.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Molina PE, Amedee AM, Winsauer P, Nelson S, Bagby G, Simon L. Behavioral, Metabolic, and Immune Consequences of Chronic Alcohol or Cannabinoids on HIV/AIDs: Studies in the Non-Human Primate SIV Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:217-32. [PMID: 25795088 PMCID: PMC4470723 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated mortality has been significantly reduced with antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV infection has become a chronic disease that frequently coexists with many disorders, including substance abuse (Azar et al. Drug Alcohol Depend 112:178-193, 2010; Phillips et al. J Gen Int Med 16:165, 2001). Alcohol and drugs of abuse may modify host-pathogen interactions at various levels including behavioral, metabolic, and immune consequences of HIV infection, as well as the ability of the virus to integrate into the genome and replicate in host cells. Identifying mechanisms responsible for these interactions is complicated by many factors, such as the tissue specific responses to viral infection, multiple cellular mechanisms involved in inflammatory responses, neuroendocrine and localized responses to infection, and kinetics of viral replication. An integrated physiological analysis of the biomedical consequences of chronic alcohol and drug use or abuse on disease progression is possible using rhesus macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a relevant model of HIV infection. This review will provide an overview of the data gathered using this model to show that chronic administration of two of the most commonly abused substances, alcohol and cannabinoids (Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol; THC), affect host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA,
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28
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van Bussel BCT, Henry RMA, Ferreira I, van Greevenbroek MMJ, van der Kallen CJH, Twisk JWR, Feskens EJM, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. A healthy diet is associated with less endothelial dysfunction and less low-grade inflammation over a 7-year period in adults at risk of cardiovascular disease. J Nutr 2015; 145:532-40. [PMID: 25733469 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.201236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy diet rich in fish, fruit, and vegetables, but moderate in alcohol and low in dairy products and meat, has been associated with a lower rate of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation play important roles in CVD. A healthy diet might modify these phenomena. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between the above food groups and overall biomarker scores of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in a 7-y longitudinal study. METHODS Using longitudinal data from 557 participants at increased CVD risk from the CODAM (Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht) Study, we assessed diet intake by food-frequency questionnaire and measured plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction [von Willebrand factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble endothelial selectin, soluble thrombomodulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1)] and low-grade inflammation [C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α, and sICAM-1]. At baseline, participants were aged 59.6 ± 6.9 y. Measurements were performed then and after 7 y. Biomarkers were combined into overall scores (sum of z scores; higher scores indicating worse function). Longitudinal data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations and adjusted for sex, age, glucose metabolism, energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. RESULTS Higher consumption of fish (per 100 g/wk), but not total consumption of vegetables, fruit, alcohol-containing beverages, dairy products, or meat, was associated with a lower overall endothelial dysfunction score over 7 y (β: -0.027; 95% CI: -0.051, -0.004). No associations were observed with the overall low-grade inflammation score. Further food component analyses indicated that consumption of more lean fish (per 100 g/wk) and raw vegetables (per 100 g/d), and fewer high-fat dairy products (per 100 g/d) was associated with less endothelial dysfunction [(β: -0.038; 95% CI: -0.072, -0.005), (β: -0.095; 95% CI: -0.191, 0.000), and (β: -0.070; 95% CI: -0.131, -0.009), respectively]. Consumption of more fresh fruit (per 100 g/d), wine (per 100 mL/wk), and poultry (per 100 g/d), and fewer high-fat dairy products (per 100 g/d) was associated with less low-grade inflammation [(β: -0.074; 95% CI: -0.133, -0.015), (β:-0.006; 95% CI: -0.013, 0.001), (β:-0.247; 95% CI: -0.479, -0.014), and (β:-0.100; 95% CI: -0.182, -0.019), respectively]. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the dietary modification of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, processes that are important in atherothrombosis, is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas C T van Bussel
- Department of Medicine School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht School for Public Health and Primary Care, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jos W R Twisk
- The Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sasaki S, Yoshioka E, Saijo Y, Kita T, Okada E, Tamakoshi A, Kishi R. Relation between alcohol consumption and arterial stiffness: A cross-sectional study of middle-aged Japanese women and men. Alcohol 2013; 47:643-9. [PMID: 24239150 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate the existence of a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular mobility and mortality. However, studies assessing the relationship between alcohol consumption and pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a marker of arterial stiffness have provided inconsistent results. In addition, data regarding the effect of alcohol on arterial stiffness in women has been limited. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between alcohol consumption and PWV among female and male workers in Japan. Study participants were local government employees in Hokkaido, Japan, who underwent annual health check-ups. All data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The average daily alcohol consumption of the previous month, based on the alcohol concentration of each beverage type (g/day, ethanol equivalent), was estimated according to the frequency and amount of consumption. Data from 3893 participants (812 women and 3081 men) were analyzed. In women, non-drinkers had significantly higher PWV than women who consumed <10 g/day of alcohol. In men, compared with those who reportedly drank 20-39 g/day, non-drinkers and those who drank <20 g/day and ≥60 g/day had significantly higher PWV. Alcohol consumption showed a J-shaped association with PWV in men (p for quadratic term < 0.036) and marginally in women (p < 0.056). The results of stratified analyses by age groups showed a significant J-shaped association, which was most notable for men ≥45 years (p < 0.005). In middle-aged Japanese women and men, light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower PWV, which in turn correlates with a reduction in vascular stiffness.
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Andreasen TH, Bartek J, Andresen M, Springborg JB, Romner B. Modifiable Risk Factors for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Stroke 2013; 44:3607-12. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trine H. Andreasen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.H.A., J.B., M.A., J.B.S., B.R.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.B.)
| | - Jiri Bartek
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.H.A., J.B., M.A., J.B.S., B.R.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.B.)
| | - Morten Andresen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.H.A., J.B., M.A., J.B.S., B.R.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.B.)
| | - Jacob B. Springborg
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.H.A., J.B., M.A., J.B.S., B.R.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.B.)
| | - Bertil Romner
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (T.H.A., J.B., M.A., J.B.S., B.R.); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (J.B.)
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Loyke HF. Five Phases of Blood Pressure in Alcoholics. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013; 15:699. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert F. Loyke
- Cardiovascular Division; Department of Medicine; St. Vincent Charity Hospital; Cleveland OH
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Waszkiewicz N, Szulc A, Zwierz K. Binge drinking-induced subtle myocardial injury. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:1261-3. [PMID: 23800345 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the clinical, histopathological, and biochemical studies consider the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication on myocardial injury. Much less attention has been paid to acute alcohol (binge drinking)-induced cardiotoxicity, even though alcohol binging is much more common than alcohol dependence. METHODS We briefly present some of the binge drinking-induced "holiday heart" effects. The literature was searched to find effects of alcohol on heart. RESULTS In binge drinking, the literature has demonstrated transient myocardial subtle changes in cardiac magnetic resonance, increased serological markers of myocardial injury and inflammation, abnormal cardiac rhythm, changes in other biochemical and ultrastructural indices of myocardial dysfunction, as well as changes in metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate, thrombosis/fibrinolysis processes, and coronary vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS Although acute low alcohol exposure has widely proven positive effect on myocardial function, heavy acute drinking frequent events are related to adverse cardiovascular effects.
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Chiva-Blanch G, Arranz S, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Effects of wine, alcohol and polyphenols on cardiovascular disease risk factors: evidences from human studies. Alcohol Alcohol 2013; 48:270-7. [PMID: 23408240 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agt007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this review was to focus on the knowledge of the cardiovascular benefits of moderate alcohol consumption, as well as to analyze the effects of the different types of alcoholic beverages. METHODS Systematic revision of human clinical studies and meta-analyses related to moderate alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 2000 to 2012. RESULTS Heavy or binge alcohol consumption unquestionably leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, moderate alcohol consumption, especially alcoholic beverages rich in polyphenols, such as wine and beer, seems to confer cardiovascular protective effects in patients with documented CVD and even in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, wine and beer (but especially red wine) seem to confer greater cardiovascular protection than spirits because of their polyphenolic content. However, caution should be taken when making recommendations related to alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Shirpoor A, Salami S, Khadem-Ansari MH, Heshmatian B, Ilkhanizadeh B. Long-term ethanol consumption initiates atherosclerosis in rat aorta through inflammatory stress and endothelial dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:72-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
These review discusses the effects of ethanol on lipoprotein levels and function as related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), with special emphasis on recent publications. Ethanol's effects on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and other CVD risk factors recently have been explored. Other new data address genetic and demographic predictors and mechanisms of these responses. Not surprisingly, the results of some recent studies corroborate, whereas others differ from, earlier seemingly well-established findings. Prior and recent evidence shows favorable changes in HDL, other CVD risk factors, and CVD event rates with moderate, regular ethanol intake, and recent publications have explored the mechanisms of this relationship. Application of these findings in clinical practice remains problematic, however, due to the lack of randomized, controlled clinical trials of ethanol and due to the potential hazards of ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot A Brinton
- Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Ojeda M, Barrero M, Nogales F, Murillo M, Carreras O. Oxidative Effects of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on the Functions of Heart and Kidney: Folic Acid Supplementation. Alcohol Alcohol 2012; 47:404-12. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Alcohol and cardiovascular disease--modulation of vascular cell function. Nutrients 2012; 4:297-318. [PMID: 22606372 PMCID: PMC3347010 DOI: 10.3390/nu4040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is a commonly used drug worldwide. Epidemiological studies have identified alcohol consumption as a factor that may either positively or negatively influence many diseases including cardiovascular disease, certain cancers and dementia. Often there seems to be a differential effect of various drinking patterns, with frequent moderate consumption of alcohol being salutary and binge drinking or chronic abuse being deleterious to one’s health. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the many effects of alcohol consumption is beginning to emerge, as well as a clearer picture as to whether these effects are due to the direct actions of alcohol itself, or caused in part by its metabolites, e.g., acetaldehyde, or by incidental components present in the alcoholic beverage (e.g., polyphenols in red wine). This review will discuss evidence to date as to how alcohol (ethanol) might affect atherosclerosis that underlies cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and the putative mechanisms involved, focusing on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland;
| | - Eileen M. Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-585-275-2870
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Huisman HW, Schutte R, Schutte AE, van Rooyen JM, Malan NT, Fourie CMT, Glyn MC, Malan L. The Usefulness of γ-Glutamyltransferase as a Marker of Cardiovascular Function in Africans and Caucasians: The SABPA Study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011; 34:8-16. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2011.628727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Grigorakis D, Bountziouka V, Kalogeropoulos N. Alcohol Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Cheers, Tears, or Both? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.563394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bau PF, Moraes RS, Bau CH, Ferlin EL, Rosito GA, Fuchs FD. Acute ingestion of alcohol and cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy volunteers. Alcohol 2011; 45:123-9. [PMID: 21131160 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol may be intermediated by its effects over heart rate variability (HRV). Most studies about the effects of alcohol over HRV were observational and did not explore the temporal influence of alcohol ingestion over autonomic modulation. The aim of this study was to verify if an acute ingestion of alcohol has a time-dependent influence over time-domain indices of HRV. The effect of the ingestion of 60 g of ethanol or placebo over autonomic modulation was compared in healthy men (35 per group), with 18-25 years of age, before and during 17 h after ingestion. Alcohol promoted a fall in the standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and percentage of pairs of adjacent R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms and in two indices of the three-dimensional return map, by a period up to 10 h after the ingestion of alcohol, accompanied by an increase in heart rate. The indices returned to values similar of the control group 10 h after ingestion. The effects over HRV indices were attenuated by adjustment for heart rate. The ingestion of alcohol induces a broad cardiovascular adaptation secondary to vagal withdrawal and sympathetic activation that may be responsible for arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol ingestion.
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Divergent anti-inflammatory effects of different oil acute consumption on healthy individuals. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65:514-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Recently, we collected many large-scale datasets for alcohol dependence and EtOH response in five organisms and deposited them in our EtOH-related gene resource database (ERGR, http://bioinfo.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ERGR/). Based on multidimensional evidence among these datasets, we prioritized 57 EtOH-related candidate genes. To explore their biological roles, and the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence, we examined the features of these genes by the Gene Ontology (GO) term-enrichment test and network/pathway analysis. Our analysis revealed that these candidate genes were highly enriched in alcohol dependence/alcoholism and highly expressed in brain or liver tissues. All the significantly enriched GO terms were related to neurotransmitter systems or EtOH metabolic processes. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis system, we found that these genes were involved in networks of neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory response, and small molecular metabolism. Many key genes in signaling pathways were in the central position of these networks. Furthermore, our protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis suggested some novel candidate genes which also had evidence in the ERGR database. This study demonstrated that our candidate gene selection is effective and our network/pathway analysis is useful for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of EtOH response and alcohol dependence. This approach can be applied to study the features of candidate genes of other complex traits/phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews published studies regarding effects of ethanol intake on lipoprotein levels and function as they relate to atherosclerosis, with special emphasis on recent publications in the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Some recent studies have explored novel mechanisms of ethanol on atherogenesis via effects on HDL composition and function. Other studies have focused on changes in levels of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, and other factors such as inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2). Other areas of emphasis have been the effects within specific populations and between genders, as well as contributions of genetic polymorphisms in prediction of response to ethanol. Surprisingly, results of recent studies are often at odds with prior, seemingly well established findings. SUMMARY The association between moderate ethanol consumption and favorable changes in lipoproteins and lipoprotein-related factors in atherosclerosis continues to become better established with the publication of new studies in this field. Continued progress is being achieved in understanding the well established link between moderate intake and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, it remains difficult to implement these findings in clinical practice due to the ongoing lack of randomized, blinded clinical trial data, and the well known hazards of excess ethanol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot A Brinton
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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Abstract
A mérsékelt alkoholfogyasztás csökkenti a cardiovascularis és 2-es típusú diabetes kockázatát. Ennek az epidemiológiai megfigyelésnek a magyarázata azonban még nem pontosan ismert. Az alkohol emeli a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) koleszterin szintjét. Felmerültek egyéb mechanizmusok is, úgymint a gyulladás- és thrombosisgátló hatások. A mérsékelt alkoholfogyasztás és inzulinérzékenység közötti kapcsolat még vitatott. A lehetséges mechanizmusok közé tartoznak az adiponektinszint emelése, a C-reaktív protein csökkentése és a szabad zsírsav zsírszövetből történő kiáramlásának csökkentése is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjána Ábel
- 1 Állami Egészségügyi Központ Szakrendelő Intézet Budapest Róbert K. krt. 44. 1134
| | - János Fehér
- 2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar II. Belgyógyászati Klinika Budapest
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Sönmez MF, Narin F, Balcioğlu E. Melatonin and Vitamin C Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Aorta. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:410-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Muntoni S, Atzori L, Mereu R, Manca A, Satta G, Gentilini A, Bianco P, Baule A, Baule GM, Muntoni S. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Sardinia from 1978 to 2001: a comparative study with Italian mainland. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:373-7. [PMID: 19524177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a survey of cardiovascular risk factors in Sardinia in the years 1999-2001 and allows us to update previously observed trends of such factors and to compare them with those in the Italian mainland. METHODS Random samples of free living population of the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy, were collected. Overall, 6818 subjects, 50% of each sex, and aged 20-80+ years constituted the sample. Personal and family data were collected using a semiquantitative questionnaire of frequencies. Blood biochemical variables related to risk for atherosclerosis were measured. In particular, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo A-1, Apo B, Lp(a), uric acid, blood glucose and plasma homocysteine were analyzed in each subject enrolled. RESULTS In the age classes 20-59 years, during a 30 year period, prevalence of smoking among males continued to decrease from 58 to 24% (p for trend <0.001), and, for the first time, prevalence of smoking among females decreased as well: from 31% in 1995 to 20% in 2001 (p for trend <0.001). In contrast, a steady increase in TC (mg/dl) (189, 206, 215, 216, p for trend <0.05 in males and 184 197, 212, 217, p for trend <0.05 in females), and LDL-C (136, 143, 138, 144, p for tend <0.05 in males and 127, 139, 136, 135, p for trend <0.05 in females) was observed. HDL-C showed a steady increase (p for trend <0.01 in males and females). Lp(a) values were high in both sexes, a finding linked to the ethnic influence on them. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values (mm Hg) increased with age. In the present survey (population aged 20-80+ years, current smokers were 17.5% among males and 13.8% among females. Total and HDL-cholesterol were higher than in other parts of Italy (209 vs 205 in males, and 211 vs 204 in females), while systolic and diastolic blood pressure were lower. CONCLUSION Overall, total- and LDL-cholesterol showed an increasing trend, while blood pressure and smoking habits had a decreasing tendency. The increase in blood cholesterol follows the trend in other areas of the world, mainly due to changing dietary habits. Therefore, a campaign of eating information and education (population strategy) could favourably modify cardiovascular risk, as occurred in Sardinia during the past decade with the Regional ATS-Sardegna Campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Muntoni
- Department of Toxicology, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University School of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Current world literature. Addictive disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009; 22:331-6. [PMID: 19365188 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e32832ae253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Wine intake, ABO phenotype, and risk of ischemic heart disease and all-cause mortality: the Copenhagen Male Study--a 16-year follow-up. Alcohol 2008; 42:575-82. [PMID: 18789630 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The association of alcohol intake with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and all-cause mortality may depend on ABO phenotype. We tested this hypothesis in a 16-year follow-up of 3,022 Caucasian men aged 53-74 years without overt cardiovascular disease. Potential risk factors and confounders included were ABO phenotypes, alcohol intake (wine, beer, and spirits), tobacco smoking history, leisure-time physical activity, social class, and age. During 16 years, 1985-1986 to end of 2001, 197 subjects (6.5%) died due to IHD, and 1,204 (39.8%) from all causes. Among non-O phenotypes (A, B, and AB) significantly fewer men who died due to IHD were wine consumers, 43.9% versus 55.7%, P<.01; with respect to all-cause mortality corresponding figures were 47.0% versus 60.1%, P<.001. No difference was found among men with phenotype O. Among men with phenotype A, compared to alcohol abstainers, in Cox analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence limit) for men drinking up to 8 beverages/wk was 0.5 (0.3-1.02), and among men consuming >8 beverages/wk (the highest quintile) the HR was 0.3 (0.2-0.8), P<.01. Among men with phenotype O, the association of wine intake with IHD mortality was slightly and not significantly U-shaped. The difference in the predictive role of wine intake between phenotype O and phenotype A men was supported in a statistical test for interaction. A similar association was found for all-cause mortality. The results suggest that the effect of wine intake on IHD and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly men may depend on ABO phenotypes.
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Abstract
Compromised heart function is regularly seen in patients with chronic alcohol ingestion and is often manifested as cardiomegaly, reduced myocardial contractility (with concomitant reductions in ejection fraction and stroke volume), myocardial fibrosis, enhanced risk of stroke and hypertension, and disruptions in the myofibrillary structure. A number of mechanisms including oxidative damage, deposition of triglycerides, altered fatty acid extraction, decreased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, and impaired protein synthesis have been proposed for the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism(s) has not been delineated. Several alcohol metabolites have been identified as specific toxins of myocardial tissue, including ethanol, its first and major metabolic product--acetaldehyde--and fatty acid ethyl esters. Acetaldehyde directly impairs cardiac contractile function, disrupts cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and promotes oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. Unfortunately, the most direct approach to studying this (direct administration of acetaldehyde) is impossible, since direct intake of acetaldehyde is highly toxic and unsuitable for chronic studies. In order to overcome this obstacle, transgenic mice have recently been produced to artificially alter ethanol/acetaldehyde metabolism, resulting in elevated acetaldehyde levels after ethanol ingestion. This review will summarize some of the postulated mechanisms for alcoholic cardiomyopathy, with special emphasis on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Pelkonen O, Hakkola J. Cytochromes P450, induction and cholesterol—what are the connections? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64:837-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-008-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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