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Mielke GI, Ding D, Keating SE, Nunes BP, Brady R, Brown WJ. Physical activity volume, frequency, and intensity: Associations with hypertension and obesity over 21 years in Australian women. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:631-641. [PMID: 38735532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal patterns of accrual of recommended levels of physical activity (PA) for prevention of hypertension and obesity are not known. The overall aim of this study was to investigate whether different patterns of accumulation of PA are differentially associated with hypertension and obesity in Australian women over 21 years. Specifically, we investigated whether, for the same weekly volume of PA, the number of sessions (frequency) and vigorousness of PA (intensity) were associated with a reduction in the occurrence of hypertension and obesity in women. METHODS Data from the 1973-1978 and 1946-1951 cohorts of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analyzed (n = 20,588; 12%-16% with a Bachelor's or higher degree). Self-reported PA, hypertension, height, and weight were collected using mail surveys every 3 years from 1998/2000 to 2019/2021. Generalized Estimating Equation models with a 3-year lag model were used to investigate the association of PA volume (metabolic equivalent min/week) (none; 33-499; 500-999; ≥1000, weekly frequency (none; 1-2 times; 3-4 times; 5-7 times; ≥8 times), and the proportion of vigorous PA to total volume of PA (none; 0%; 1%-33%; 34%-66%; 67%-100%) with odds of hypertension and obesity from 2000 to 2021. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 6% in the 1973-1978 and 23% in the 1946-1951 cohort; 27% of women in the 1973-1978; and 15% in the 1946-1951 cohort developed obesity over the period. Overall, a higher volume of PA was associated with reduced odds of hypertension and obesity. When the volume of PA was considered, the odds of hypertension did not vary according to the frequency or intensity of PA. However, increased proportion of vigorous PA to the total volume of PA was associated with a small additional reduction in the risk of obesity. CONCLUSION PA volume appears to be more important than the pattern of accumulation for the prevention of hypertension and obesity. Incorporating more sessions, particularly of vigorous-intensity PA, may provide extra benefits for the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregore I Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Ding Ding
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shelley E Keating
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bruno P Nunes
- School of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-610, Brazil
| | - Ruth Brady
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia
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Moore AR, Butler BAS. Immersive Virtual Reality Decreases Work Rate and Manipulates Attentional Focus During Self-Regulated Vigorous Exercise. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38941624 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
To determine the effect of immersive virtual reality use on finishing time of a vigorous-intensity self-regulated exercise task, and on relevant psychological variables. Healthy untrained adults (N = 21; 10 men/11 women; age = 22.9 ± 7.2 years; BMI = 24.0 ± 4.5 kg/m2) completed 1500-m exercise bouts on a rowing ergometer in a counterbalanced and randomized order, with and without use of a headset-delivered virtual reality fitness program. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and attentional focus were collected every 300 m, in addition to finishing time. Data were analyzed with repeated measures as appropriate. Intensity of both exercise bouts was considered vigorous according to heart rate results (>77% maximal heart rate). Finishing time was faster in the control condition (449.57 ± 82.39 s) than in the virtual reality condition (463.00 ± 91.78 s), p = .007. Compared to the control condition, the virtual reality condition was characterized by a more external attentional focus (52.38 ± 18.22 vs. 38.76 ± 17.81, p < .001). No differences were observed for remaining variables as a result of condition (p > .05 for all). When a headset-delivered VR program was used during a self-regulated vigorous-intensity exercise task, participants were 13.6 seconds (~3%) slower than in a control condition. Attentional focus was manipulated to be more external with VR use, which may have ultimately distracted from the exercise objective. Recommendations for selecting an appropriate virtual reality experience for a given exercise task are discussed.
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Ma D, Sun Y, Chen G, Hao S, Jiang Z, Wang R, Hao S. The association between physical activity intensity and frailty risk among older adults across different age groups and genders: Evidence from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305346. [PMID: 38861565 PMCID: PMC11166314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
"Exercise is the best medicine" is well known, but the optimal dose of physical activity (PA) for males and females across different age groups is still unknown. This study, using data from the four waves of CHARLS, aimed to determine the optimal PA dose that reduces frailty risks among older adults across various age groups and both sexes. We created a frailty index score using 63 health-related variables and used 0.21 as the frailty cut point. Binary logistic regression was used to compare the effect of vigorous, moderate, and light intensity PA under IPAQ criteria on frailty risk. The study found that regardless of whether males or females, the optimal effect of vigorous-intensity PA in reducing the risk of frailty is consistently observed throughout the entire old age career. Moreover, the age groups at which moderate-intensity PA reduces the risk of frailty were from age 70 for males and from age 80 for females. And light-intensity PA had no effect on reducing the risk of frailty. Moderate and vigorous intensity of PA in older adults should be promoted, but guidelines and recommendations must account for optimal associations with PA dose across genders and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Guoyang Chen
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Siwei Hao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Zhenping Jiang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Shuaipeng Hao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Sports & Arts, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea
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Govindasamy K, Gogoi H, Jebabli N, Bediri SM, Aljahni M, Parpa K, Clark CCT, Granacher U, Zouhal H. The effects of kettlebell training versus resistance training using the own body mass on physical fitness and physiological adaptations in obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:106. [PMID: 38715134 PMCID: PMC11077891 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of resistance training using kettlebells versus the own body mass, in comparison to a passive control, on key physical fitness and physiological parameters in young, obese adults. METHODS Data from 60 sedentary, obese male college students, aged 17-26, were used for final analyses. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (CG, n = 20, no training), a kettlebell resistance training group (KRTG, n = 20), or a bodyweight resistance training group (BWRTG, n = 20). Selected measures of physical fitness were tested using the 12-minutes run test, the push-up test, the sit-up test, and the sit-and-reach test. Physiological measures included vital capacity, resting and maximum heart rate (HRmax), mean arterial blood pressure, breath holding time, and respiratory rate. Biochemical variables were measured in the morning, in a fasted state, and comprised high and low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The 12-weeks progressive KRTG and BWRTG were specifically tailored using sets, repetitions, and intensity levels. RESULTS Notable findings include significant body fat reductions in BWRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.53) and KRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.43), and a substantial increase in VO2max for BWRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.32) and KRTG (p < 0.001; d = 1.34) compared to CG. KRTG also showed significant improvements in vital capacity (p < 0.001; d = 1.61) and reductions in resting heart rate (p = 0.024, d = 1.05) and respiratory rate (p = 0.001, d = 1.55), with BWRTG showing similar trends (resting heart rate: p = 0.041, d = 1.35; respiratory rate: p = 0.001, d = 1.98). Both intervention groups significantly improved breath holding time (KRTG: p = 0.001, d = 1.58; BWRTG: p < 0.001, d = 1.98) and reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels compared to CG. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that both KRTG and BWRTG are effective in improving body composition and selected fitness and physiological measures. Thus, resistance training using kettlebells or bodyweight training are recommended if the goal is to improve body composition and fitness in obese male adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF, September, 28th 2023. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z6Y9Gosf.io/2mb98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppasamy Govindasamy
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Hemantajit Gogoi
- Department of Physical Education, Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791112, India
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- Research Unit: Sport Sciences, Health and Movement, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, Kef, 7100, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohammed Aljahni
- College of Arts and Humanities, Department of Educational Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Koulla Parpa
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, UCLan University of Cyprus, Pyla, Cyprus
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
- College of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, B15 3TN, UK
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg Sandfangweg 4, 79102, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), EA 1274, Rennes, F-35000, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2IS), Irodouer, 35850, France.
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Xia T, Li J, Chen L. Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00134-X. [PMID: 38648906 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leisure-time physical activity decreases allostatic load, a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational physical activity is unknown. This study examined associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load among workers in the U.S. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6,944 U.S. workers aged 20-64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Allostatic load was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems. Associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were examined using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023. RESULTS Vigorous leisure-time physical activity inversely associated with allostatic load among all workers (count ratio=0.68, 95% CI=0.62, 0.76) and in each sex- and age-stratified group as well as in each race/ethnicity-stratified group. Vigorous occupational physical activity positively associated with allostatic load only among females aged 20-44 years (1.38, 95% CI=1.10, 1.73). Inverse associations of vigorous leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were similar in young females with high or low vigorous occupational physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing vigorous leisure-time physical activity associates with a lower allostatic load for all workers, whereas increasing vigorous occupational physical activity associates with a higher allostatic load only in young females. Promoting vigorous leisure-time physical activity reduces allostatic load among young females with either low or high vigorous occupational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Cheng J, Wu Y, Wang X, Yu H. Objectively measured the impact of ambient air pollution on physical activity for older adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:821. [PMID: 38491436 PMCID: PMC10941607 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution poses a significant health risk to the human population, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, potentially discouraging their engagement in physical activity. However, there is a lack of sufficient objective and longitudinal data in current research on how air pollution affects physical activity among older adults. With these gaps, we aimed to explore the relationship between air pollution and objective measurement-based physical activity among older adults by engaging in a longitudinal study design. METHODS A total of 184 older adults were recruited from three cities with varying levels of air quality. Mean daily minutes of physical activity were measured with 7 consecutive days of accelerometer monitoring (ActiGraph GT3X-BT). Corresponding air pollution data including daily PM2.5 (µg/m3), PM10 (µg/m3) and air quality index (AQI) were sourced from the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre at monitor locations close to older adults' addresses. Associations between air quality and physical activity were estimated using a fixed effect model, adjusting for average daytime temperature, rain, age and weight. RESULTS AQI and PM2.5 were observed to exhibit significant, inverse, and linear associations with mean daily walk steps, minutes of light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the single variable models. A one-level increase in AQI corresponded to a decline in 550.04 steps (95% [CI] = -858.97, -241.10; p < 0.001), 10.43 min (95% [CI] = -17.07, -3.79; p < 0.001), 4.03 min (95% [CI] = -7.48, -0.59; p < 0.001) and 4.16 min (95% [CI] = -7.77, -0.56; p < 0.001) in daily walking steps, LPA, MPA, and MVPA, respectively. A one-level increase in PM2.5 correlated with a decline in daily walk steps, LPA, MPA and MVPA by 361.85 steps (95% [CI] = -516.53, -207.16; p < 0.001), 8.97 min (95% [CI] = -12.28, -5.66; p < 0.001), 3.73 min (95% [CI] = -5.46, -2.01; p < 0.001,) and 3.79 min (95% [CI] = -5.59, -1.98; p < 0.001), respectively. However, PM10 displayed a significant negative association exclusively with LPA, with one-level increase in PM10 resulting in a 3.7-minute reduction in LPA (95% [CI] = -6.81, -0.59, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Air pollution demonstrates an inverse association with physical activity levels among older adults, potentially discouraging their engagement in physical activity. Different air quality indicators may exert varying impacts on physical activity. Future studies are warranted to enhance policy interventions aimed at reducing air pollution and promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Cheng
- Faculty of Public Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yin Wu
- The Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, 100032, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Yuan Str, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Yuan Str, 100084, Beijing, China.
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Huang YC, Hsu CC, Fu TC, Wang JS. Interval aerobic/resistance exercise training depresses adrenergic-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes in sedentary males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:837-848. [PMID: 37712975 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenergic stimulation affects lymphocyte autophagy and apoptosis by activating β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK-2) downstream signaling. This study investigated how combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on the interval or continuous pattern influences aerobic/muscular fitness and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling, and corresponding apoptosis/autophagy of lymphocytes in sedentary males. METHODS Thirty-four sedentary males were randomized into interval training (IT, age = 22.5 ± 0.6 years, fitness level = 47.5 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg, body mass index (BMI) = 22.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2, n = 17) and continuous training (CT, age = 21.6 ± 0.4 years, fitness level = 45.2 ± 1.0 mL/min/kg, BMI = 22.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, n = 17) groups. These subjects performed IT (bicycle exercise at alternating 40% and 80%VO2 reserve (VO2R) and isokinetic exercise at alternating 60°/s and 180°/s) or CT (bicycle exercise at continuously 60%VO2R and isokinetic exercise at continuously 120°/s) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Aerobic capacity and muscular strength/endurance were determined by the graded exercise test (GXT) and isokinetic strength test, respectively. Blood lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Both IT and CT groups increased isokinetic strengths at various angular velocities, whereas only IT significantly enhanced muscle endurance, indicated by lowered fatigue index from 47.0 ± 1.3% to 41.8 ± 1.6% (P < 0.05). Moreover, the IT group (143 ± 7%) revealed a higher improvement in VO2peak than CT group (132 ± 6%) (P < 0.05). Acute GXT augmented (i) GRK-2 and protein kinase A expressions, (ii) LAMP-2 upregulation and acridine orange staining, (iii) mitochondrial transmembrane potential diminishing, caspase-3 activation, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure caused by epinephrine in blood lymphocytes. However, the degree of epinephrine-induced lymphocyte PS exposure potentiated by GXT was suppressed from 65.2 ± 5.2% to 47.4 ± 6.5% following 6 weeks of the IT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The IT may be considered more beneficial than CT in terms of improving aerobic/muscular fitness and simultaneously ameliorating apoptosis of blood lymphocyte evoked by intense exercise or adrenergic stimulation in sedentary males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1St Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Wei J, Fan L, Xia F, Zhu X, Chen L, Wang T. Association of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among adults with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort of US adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102975. [PMID: 38492549 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and muscle strengthening activity (MSA), independently and jointly, with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIAL AND METHODS This cohort study included 47,538 adults with T2D and 561,963 adults without T2D from the National Health Interview Survey 1997-2018 who provided data on self-reported physical activity (PA). Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index through 2019. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS In analyses mutually adjusted, versus no MPA adults with T2D, performing the recommendations of MPA (150-299 min/week) associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78), CVD mortality (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.79), and non-CVD mortality (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.65-0.79). Similar benefits were observed in those meeting recommendations for VPA and MSA. Higher levels of PA beyond current recommendations may provide a few additional benefits without adverse effects on mortality risk, regardless of diabetes onset age, duration of diabetes, and medication status. The joint analysis indicates that combining MSA with aerobic PA could further lower mortality risk, and lowest all-cause mortality was observed among individuals engaging in either 75-150 min/week of VPA and 1 time/week of MSA (HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.13-0.70) or 150-299 min/week of MPA and 1 time/week of MSA (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20-0.55). CONCLUSION Our study supports the current PA guidelines and suggests that there may be limited benefits gained from exercising beyond recommended levels in adults with T2D, combining recommended levels of aerobic and resistance exercises could yield the greatest benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Luying Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Xidi Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Stroke Biological Recovery Laboratory, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, The Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Zhao Y, Soh KG, Saad HA, Liu C, Ding C. Effects of active video games on physical activity among overweight and obese college students: a systematic review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1320112. [PMID: 38420024 PMCID: PMC10901111 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to critically review the existing literature on the effects of active video games (AVGs) on physical activity in overweight and obese college students to determine whether AVGs can promote and achieve recommended levels of physical activity. The results should provide constructive input for future research. Methods A total of five international databases including PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, and EBSCOhost were searched with keywords related to "active video games," "physical activity," and "obese college students" from July 2022. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines and randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. Furthermore, the quality assessment of the studies was measured using the PEDro scale. Results One thousand and twenty-three articles were retrieved, of which eight randomised controlled trial studies met the inclusion criteria. AVGs can reduce sedentary behaviour and positively affect physical activity, time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), positive psychological factors, and game attendance rate. Combining AVGs with other assistive devices (such as mini-trampolines and stationary bikes) can enhance the effects of AVGs and provide greater physiological stimulation. Different types of AVGs and game modes can achieve different emotional responses, physiological stimulation, and physical activity levels. Conclusion The research findings prove that AVGs can be a viable intervention to increase physical activity in overweight or obese college students, ultimately reaching the recommended physical activity level(PAL). Physical activity can be further increased by incorporating assistive devices or using features supported by self-determination theory (SDT). As a new modality, AVGs could be a potential alternative to traditional physical activity.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier: CRD42022363993.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazizi Abu Saad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chunqing Liu
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cong Ding
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Department of Sports Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Farkas GJ, Caldera LJ, Nash MS. Assessing the efficacy of duration and intensity prescription for physical activity in mitigating cardiometabolic risk after spinal cord injury. Curr Opin Neurol 2023; 36:531-540. [PMID: 37865846 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spinal cord injury (SCI) heightens susceptibility to cardiometabolic risk (CMR), predisposing individuals to cardiovascular disease. This monograph aims to assess the optimal duration and intensity of physical activity (PA) for managing CMR factors, particularly obesity, after SCI and provide modality-specific PA durations for optimal energy expenditure. RECENT FINDINGS PA guidelines recommend at least 150 min/week of moderate-intensity activity. However, non-SCI literature supports the effectiveness of engaging in vigorous-intensity PA (≥6 METs) and dedicating 250-300 min/week (≈2000 kcal/week) to reduce CMR factors. Engaging in this volume of PA has shown a dose-response relationship, wherein increased activity results in decreased obesity and other CMR factors in persons without SCI. SUMMARY To optimize cardiometabolic health, individuals with SCI require a longer duration and higher intensity of PA to achieve energy expenditures comparable to individuals without SCI. Therefore, individuals with SCI who can engage in or approach vigorous-intensity PA should prioritize doing so for at least 150 min/wk. At the same time, those unable to reach such intensities should engage in at least 250-300 min/week of PA at a challenging yet comfortable intensity, aiming to achieve an optimal intensity level based on their abilities. Given the potential to decrease CMR after SCI, increasing PA duration and intensity merits careful consideration in future SCI PA directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary J Farkas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
| | - Lizeth J Caldera
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
| | - Mark S Nash
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami
- Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Ekkekakis P, Swinton P, Tiller NB. Extraordinary Claims in the Literature on High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): I. Bonafide Scientific Revolution or a Looming Crisis of Replication and Credibility? Sports Med 2023; 53:1865-1890. [PMID: 37561389 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) contains claims that, if true, could revolutionize the science and practice of exercise. This critical analysis examines two varieties of claims: (i) HIIT is effective in improving various indices of fitness and health, and (ii) HIIT is as effective as more time-consuming moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Using data from two recent systematic reviews as working examples, we show that studies in both categories exhibit considerable weaknesses when judged through the prism of fundamental statistical principles. Predominantly, small-to-medium effects are investigated in severely underpowered studies, thus greatly increasing the risk of both type I and type II errors of statistical inference. Studies in the first category combine the volatility of estimates associated with small samples with numerous dependent variables analyzed without consideration of the inflation of the type I error rate. Studies in the second category inappropriately use the p > 0.05 criterion from small studies to support claims of 'similar' or 'comparable' effects. It is concluded that the situation in the HIIT literature is reminiscent of the research climate that led to the replication crisis in psychology. As in psychology, this could be an opportunity to reform statistical practices in exercise science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panteleimon Ekkekakis
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W Circle Dr #134, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Nicholas B Tiller
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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12
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Ahmadi MN, Hamer M, Gill JMR, Murphy M, Sanders JP, Doherty A, Stamatakis E. Brief bouts of device-measured intermittent lifestyle physical activity and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in people who do not exercise: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e800-e810. [PMID: 37777289 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines emphasise the health benefits of bouts of physical activity of any duration. However, the associations of intermittent lifestyle physical activity accumulated through non-exercise with mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remain unclear. We aimed to examine the associations of bouts of moderate-to-vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (MV-ILPA) and the proportion of vigorous activity contributing within these bouts with mortality and MACE. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we used data from the UK Biobank on adults who do not exercise (ie, those who did not report leisure-time exercise) who had wrist-worn accelerometry data available. Participants were followed up until Nov 30, 2022, with the outcome of interest of all-cause mortality obtained through linkage with NHS Digital of England and Wales, and the NHS Central Register and National Records of Scotland, and MACE obtained from inpatient hospitalisation data provided by the Hospital Episode Statistics for England, the Patient Episode Database for Wales, and the Scottish Morbidity Record for Scotland. MV-ILPA bouts were derived using a two-level Random Forest classifier and grouped as short (<1 min), medium (1 to <3 min; 3 to <5 min), and long (5 to <10 min). We further examined the dose-response relationship of the proportion of vigorous physical activity contributing to the MV-ILPA bout. FINDINGS Between June 1, 2013, and Dec 23, 2015, 103 684 Biobank participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist. 25 241 adults (mean age 61·8 years [SD 7·6]), of whom 14 178 (56·2%) were women, were included in our analysis of all-cause mortality. During a mean follow-up duration of 7·9 years (SD 0·9), 824 MACE and 1111 deaths occurred. Compared with bouts of less than 1 min, mortality risk was lower for bouts of 1 min to less than 3 min (hazard ratio [HR] 0·66 [0·53-0·81]), 3 min to less than 5 min (HR 0·56 [0·46-0·69]), and 5 to less than 10 min (HR 0·48 [0·39-0·59]). Similarly, compared with bouts of less than 1 min, risk of MACE was lower for bouts of 1 min to less than 3 min (HR 0·71 [0·54-0·93]), 3 min to less than 5 min (0·62 [0·48-0·81]), and 5 min to less than 10 min (0·59 [0·46-0·76]). Short bouts (<1 min) were associated with lower MACE risk only when bouts were comprised of at least 15% vigorous activity. INTERPRETATION Intermittent non-exercise physical activity was associated with lower mortality and MACE. Our results support the promotion of short intermittent bouts of non-exercise physical activity of moderate-to-vigorous intensity to improve longevity and cardiovascular health among adults who do not habitually exercise in their leisure time. FUNDING Australian National Health, Medical Research Council, and Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Ahmadi
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jason M R Gill
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marie Murphy
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - James P Sanders
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Aiden Doherty
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Park H, Yang PS, Sung JH, Jin MN, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B. Association Between the Combined Effects of Physical Activity Intensity and Particulate Matter and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:1153-1163. [PMID: 37422738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the combined effects of physical activity (PA) intensity and particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10) and mortality in older adults. METHODS This nationwide cohort study included older adults without chronic heart or lung disease who engaged in regular PA. Physical activity was assessed by a standardized, self-reported questionnaire that asked the usual frequency of PA sessions with low (LPA), moderate (MPA), or vigorous intensity (VPA). Each participant's annual average cumulative PM10 was categorized as low to moderate and high PM10 on the basis of a cutoff value of 90th percentile. RESULTS A total of 81,326 participants (median follow-up, 45 months) were included. For participants engaged in MPA or VPA sessions, every 10% increase in the proportion of VPA to total PA sessions resulted in a 4.9% (95% CI, 1.0% to 9.0%; P=.014) increased and 2.8% (95% CI, -5.0% to -0.5%; P=.018) decreased risk of mortality for those exposed to high and low to moderate PM10, respectively (Pinteraction, <.001). For participants engaged only in LPA or MPA sessions, every 10% increase in the proportion of MPA to total PA sessions resulted in a 4.8% (95% CI, -8.9% to -0.4%; P=.031) and 2.3% (95% CI, -4.2% to -0.3%; P=.023) decreased risk of mortality for those exposed to high and low to moderate PM10, respectively (Pinteraction, .096). CONCLUSION We found that for the same level of total PA, MPA was associated with delayed mortality whereas VPA was associated with hastened mortality of older adults in high levels of PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjin Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Sung Yang
- Division of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sung
- Division of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Nyun Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsun Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Nam Pak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hyoung Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Joung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Frimpong E, Mograss M, Zvionow T, Paez A, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bherer L, Pepin V, Robertson EM, Dang-Vu TT. Acute evening high-intensity interval training may attenuate the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on long-term declarative memory. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad119. [PMID: 37084788 PMCID: PMC10334486 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that a nap and acute exercise synergistically enhanced memory. Additionally, human-based cross-sectional studies and animal experiments suggest that physical exercise may mitigate the cognitive impairments of poor sleep quality and sleep restriction, respectively. We evaluated whether acute exercise may offset sleep restriction's impairment of long-term declarative memory compared to average sleep alone. A total of 92 (82% females) healthy young adults (24.6 ± 4.2 years) were randomly allocated to one of four evening groups: sleep restriction only (S5, 5-6 h/night), average sleep only (S8, 8-9 h/night), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) before restricted sleep (HIITS5), or HIIT before average sleep (HIITS8). Groups either followed a 15-min remote HIIT video or rest period in the evening (7:00 p.m.) prior to encoding 80 face-name pairs. Participants completed an immediate retrieval task in the evening. The next morning a delayed retrieval task was given after their subjectively documented sleep opportunities. Long-term declarative memory performance was assessed with the discriminability index (d') during the recall tasks. While our results showed that the d' of S8 (0.58 ± 1.37) was not significantly different from those of HIITS5 (-0.03 ± 1.64, p = 0.176) and HIITS8 (-0.20 ± 1.28, p = 0.092), there was a difference in d' compared to S5 (-0.35 ± 1.64, p = 0.038) at the delayed retrieval. These results suggest that the acute evening HIIT partially reduced the detrimental effects of sleep restriction on long-term declarative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Frimpong
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melodee Mograss
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tehila Zvionow
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arsenio Paez
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département des Sciences de l’activité physique, GRAPA, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Centre de recherche de l’Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Pepin
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche, CIUSSS du Nord-de l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Edwin M Robertson
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- PERFORM Center, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Zhao Y, Sim YJ. Effects of muscle damage indicators and antioxidant capacity after interval training on the 800-m records of adolescent middle-distance runners. J Exerc Rehabil 2023; 19:181-186. [PMID: 37435592 PMCID: PMC10331139 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2346212.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine the effect of 10-week interval training (IT) at varying intensities on serum muscle damage indicators and antioxidant capacity and determine its effect on the 800-m records of adolescent middle-distance runners. Twenty male high-school middle-distance runners were randomized between the high-intensity IT (HIIT; n=10) and the medium-intensity IT (MIIT; n=10) groups. Three sessions/week for 10 weeks (total of 30 sessions) were performed; one session of IT was for 60 min. The high and medium exercise intensities were set at 90%-95% and 60%-70% heart rate reserve (HRR), respectively. Intensity at rest was 40% HRR for both groups. Weight training was performed at 60%-70% of one repetition maximum for two sessions/week. The changes in serum muscle damage indicators and antioxidant capacity in the two groups were measured, and their effects on the 800-m records were analyzed. The 10-week training reduced serum muscle damage indicators in middle-distance runners, but only the HIIT group displayed a decrease in creatine kinase. For the change in antioxidant capacity, the two groups demonstrated no significant change in malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas the HIIT group exhibited a significant increase in super-oxide dismutase (SOD). IT also reduced the 800-m records in middle-distance running, and the effect was stronger in the HIIT group. In conclusion, 10-week HIIT can have a positive effect on muscle damage indicators, showed a significant increase in SOD as a key indicator of anti-oxidant capacity, and improved the 800-m records in middle-distance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Handan University, Handan,
China
| | - Young-Je Sim
- Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University, Gunsan,
Korea
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16
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Thapa S, Selvaraj BS, Davis PN, Smith B, Givan AH, Perez-Rivera JA, Woodard P, Klingensmith JD, Fernandez-del-Valle M. Vigorous-intensity exercise as a modulator of cardiac adipose tissue in women with obesity: a cross-sectional and randomized pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1104441. [PMID: 37223011 PMCID: PMC10200876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac adipose tissue (CAT) has become an important target for the reduction of disease risk. Supervised exercise programs have shown potential to "significantly" reduce CAT; however, the impact of different exercise modalities is not clear, and the relationships between CAT, physical activity (PA) levels and fitness (PFit) remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between CAT, PA and PFit, and to explore the effects of different exercise modalities in a group of women with obesity. A total of 26 women (age: 23.41 ± 5.78 years-old) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, body composition and CAT were evaluated. The pilot intervention included 16 women randomized to a control (CON, n=5), high intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 5) and high-intensity circuit training (HICT, n=6) groups. Statistical analysis showed negative correlations between CAT and vigorous PA (VPA) (r s=-0.41, p=0.037); and between percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM), and all PA levels (r s=-0.41- -0.68, p<0.05); while muscle mass was positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous PA, and upper-body lean mass with all PA levels (r s =0.40-0.53, p<0.05). The HICT intervention showed significant improvements (p<0.05) in %BF, FM, fat free mass, and whole-body and lower extremities lean mass and strength after three weeks; however, only leg strength and upper extremities' FM improved significantly compared to CON and HICT. In conclusion, although all types of PA showed a positive influence on body fat content, only VPA significantly impacted on CAT volume. Moreover, three weeks of HICT induced positive changes in PFit in women with obesity. Further research is needed to explore VPA levels and high-intensity exercise interventions for short- and long-term CAT management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumsen Thapa
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Bharath S. Selvaraj
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
- Iowa Digestive Disease Center, Heartland Medical Research, Inc., Clive, IA, United States
| | - Paige N. Davis
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Charleston Area Medical Center (CAMC) Memorial Hospital at West Virginia, Charleston, WV, United States
| | - Bryan Smith
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Amy H. Givan
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jose A. Perez-Rivera
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, Isabel, Spain
| | - Pamela K. Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jon D. Klingensmith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Maria Fernandez-del-Valle
- Department of Applied Health, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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17
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Rozanski A. New principles, the benefits, and practices for fostering a physically active lifestyle. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:37-49. [PMID: 37030619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The modern environment has led to an increased risk and incidence of sedentary lifestyles. When physical activity (PA) becomes insufficient, pathophysiological pathways are invoked and the future risk for chronic diseases and premature mortality increases. As a consequence, since the 1970s governmental agencies and medical societies have published guidelines to promote PA. The 2018 Guidelines for Physical Activity for Americans contain important updated guidelines, but many of these guidelines are not yet sufficiently known by the public or health providers. In addition, to make use of these guidelines, they need to be integrated with optimal behavioral interventions. Accordingly, this narrative review critically assesses five tenets that stem from the 2018 Guidelines and illustrates how these tenets can be integrated with tools and techniques for motivating individuals to initiate and maintain a more physically active lifestyle. The first tenet indicates that there is no lower threshold of PA that must be obtained before health benefits begin to accrue. Second, it is no longer required that PA be obtained in bouts of 10 min or more to "count". Bouts of lesser duration also count. Pending further study, new accelerometry data suggest that vigorous intermittent PA of just 1-2 min may also benefit health, such as that acquired by stair climbing or carrying heavy groceries. This has led to a new concept of promoting "lifestyle physical activity". Third, excessive sitting is health damaging if it is not accompanied by sufficient daily life PA or accrues over long uninterrupted bouts. Fourth, it is essential to incorporate resistance exercises for optimal health and to promote successful aging. Fifth, a wealth of new evidence indicates that PA strongly protects and promotes all aspects of brain health and may improve cognition even after a single bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
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18
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Kaplan DM, Palitsky R, Dunsiger SI, Wu WC, Parker AG, Troubh JK, Whitworth JW, Bock BC. Biological and psychological predictors of heart rate patterns during physical activity. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 65:102346. [PMID: 36532613 PMCID: PMC9757757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective Latent class modeling (LCM) offers a promising approach for examining correlates of heart rate (HR) patterns over multiple exercise sessions. This research examined biological and psychological variables associated with different patterns of HR response to physical activity (PA). Methods In a three-arm randomized controlled trial (exercise video games vs. standard exercise vs. non-exercise control), HR was recorded during PA sessions over a 12-week period. LCM identified three patterns of HR during PA across 189 participants in active arms: 1) high HR across sessions with low variability within sessions, 2) linear increase in HR across sessions with low variability within sessions, and 3) high variability in HR across all sessions. Associations with biological (resting heart rate, blood pressure, BMI, age, cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c) and psychological (depression, motivations for PA, PA-induced feelings) predictors of latent class membership were iteratively tested. Results Psychological variables played as important a role in the final model as biological variables for predicting latent class membership. Few differences were found between LC1 and LC2, but LC3 differed from the other two groups in that participants were likelier to report that feel revitalized after PA (vs. LC1 and LC2), to be less motivated for PA (vs. LC1), reported greater depression (vs. LC1 and LC2), and were younger (vs. LC1). Conclusions These findings demonstrate the potential of LCM to identify biological and psychological factors associated with chronotropic responses to PA, and advance understanding of the role of psychological factors in chronotropic PA outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Kaplan
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Roman Palitsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | | | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Amira G. Parker
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University
| | | | - James. W. Whitworth
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Beth C. Bock
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University
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19
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Effects of exergame and bicycle exercise intervention on blood pressure and executive function in older adults with hypertension: A three-group randomized controlled study. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112099. [PMID: 36681131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Management of hypertension and prevention of cognitive decline are challenging public health problems. However, the effects of exergame intervention on blood pressure (BP) remain to be explored, and whether exergame intervention is an effective alternative to traditional physical exercise intervention for older adults with hypertension remains to be demonstrated. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of moderate-intensity exergame intervention and bicycle exercise training on BP and executive function in older hypertensive patients. A total of 128 participants were randomly assigned to the exergame intervention group (n = 41), bicycle exercise intervention group (n = 44), and control group (n = 43). The intervention groups exercised for 60 min, 3 times per week, for 16 weeks, while the control group maintained their normal lifestyle. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between two intervention groups and control group in systolic BP and diastolic BP changes (ps > 0.05). Both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in working memory when compared with control group (exergame intervention group: -461.9 ms, p = 0.025; bicycle exercise intervention group: -470.1 ms, p = 0.021). There were no significant differences in systolic BP, diastolic BP, or working memory between the two intervention groups after 16 weeks of training (ps > 0.05). No difference in inhibition or cognitive flexibility was observed between the intervention and control groups (ps > 0.05). The current results showed that moderate-intensity exergame intervention did not produce significant benefits in reducing BP, but yielded similar beneficial effects in working memory to that of bicycle exercise intervention. More studies are needed on whether exergame intervention has the potential to be a promising supplemental therapeutic tool for older adults with hypertension.
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Haynes A, McVeigh J, Lester L, Eastwood PR, Straker L, Mori TA, Beilin L, Green DJ. Relationship between TV watching during childhood and adolescence and fitness in adulthood in the Raine Study cohort. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:423-431. [PMID: 34989319 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.2023659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To investigate: (1) whether TV watching habits throughout childhood and adolescence, a proxy of sedentary behaviour, impacted cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adulthood, and (2) whether any potential impact of TV watching in childhood and adolescence on CRF in adulthood was changed by adult physical activity (PA) levels. A longitudinal study with questionnaire data available regarding TV watching collected at ages 5, 8, 10, 14, 17 and 20 yrs, allowed trajectories of TV watching to be developed. At age 28 yrs, participants completed a V̇O2peak test and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. General linear models tested for differences in CRF (time to exhaustion TTE and V̇O2peak mL·kg-1·min-1) between TV watching trajectories. The secondary analysis tested the potential effect current PA levels has on the relationship between TV trajectory and fitness. In total, 449 participants [male n = 255 (56.8%), 28.3 ± 0.5 yrs; female n = 194 (43.2%), 28.2 ± 0.4 yrs] were included in the study. Three distinct trajectories of TV watching were identified: High TV, Increasing TV and Low TV. CRF was lowest in the High TV watching trajectory and increased progressively from High to Increasing TV and Increasing to Low TV (all P < .05). Within each of the TV trajectories, those engaging in high levels of current PA had greater CRF than those engaging in low and moderate PA. TV watching in childhood and adolescence negatively impacts upon adult fitness at the age of 28 years. However, this negative impact of historical TV watching on CRF can largely be attenuated by engaging in higher levels of PA in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haynes
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Joanne McVeigh
- Movement Physiology Laboratory, School of Physiology University of Witwatersr and, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lawrence Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel J Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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21
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Clinical Impacts of Interventions for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041631. [PMID: 36836165 PMCID: PMC9963889 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, physical activity has increasingly become the focus in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD) because it is a strong predictor of COPD-related mortality. In addition, sedentary behavior, which is included as a category of physical inactivity including such behaviors as sitting or lying down, has an independent clinical impact on COPD patients. The present review examines clinical data related to physical activity, focusing on the definition, associated factors, beneficial effects, and biological mechanisms in patients with COPD and with respect to human health regardless of COPD. The data related to how sedentary behavior is associated with human health and COPD outcomes are also examined. Lastly, possible interventions to improve physical activity or sedentary behavior, such as bronchodilators and pulmonary rehabilitation with behavior modification, to ameliorate the pathophysiology of COPD patients are described. A better understanding of the clinical impact of physical activity or sedentary behavior may lead to the planning of a future intervention study to establish high-level evidence.
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Kojouri M, Pinto R, Mustafa R, Huang J, Gao H, Elliott P, Tzoulaki I, Dehghan A. Metabolome-wide association study on physical activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2374. [PMID: 36759570 PMCID: PMC9911764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms linking physical activity to better health are not fully understood. Here we examined the associations between physical activity and small circulatory molecules, the metabolome, to highlight relevant biological pathways. We examined plasma metabolites associated with self-reported physical activity among 2217 participants from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. Metabolic profiling was conducted using the mass spectrometry-based Metabolon platform (LC/GC-MS), measuring 828 known metabolites. We replicated our findings in an independent subset of the study (n = 2971) using untargeted LC-MS. Mendelian randomisation was carried out to investigate potential causal associations between physical activity, body mass index, and metabolites. Higher vigorous physical activity was associated (P < 0.05/828 = 6.03 × 10-5) with circulatory levels of 28 metabolites adjusted for age, sex and body mass index. The association was inverse for glutamate and diacylglycerol lipids, and direct for 3-4-hydroxyphenyllactate, phenyl lactate (PLA), alpha-hydroxy isovalerate, tiglylcarnitine, alpha-hydroxyisocaproate, 2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate, isobutyrylcarnitine, imidazole lactate, methionine sulfone, indole lactate, plasmalogen lipids, pristanate and fumarate. In the replication panel, we found 23 untargeted LC-MS features annotated to the identified metabolites, for which we found nominal associations with the same direction of effect for three features annotated to 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:1), 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:2), 1-stearoyl-2-dihomo-linolenoyl-GPC (18:0/20:3n3 or 6). Using Mendelian randomisation, we showed a potential causal relationship between body mass index and three identified metabolites. Circulatory metabolites are associated with physical activity and may play a role in mediating its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Kojouri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Rui Pinto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Rima Mustafa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Franklin BA, Wedig IJ, Sallis RE, Lavie CJ, Elmer SJ. Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Modulators of Health Outcomes: A Compelling Research-Based Case Presented to the Medical Community. Mayo Clin Proc 2023; 98:316-331. [PMID: 36737120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial health effects and prognostic significance of regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), or both are often underappreciated by the medical community and the patients they serve. Individuals with low CRF have higher annual health care costs, higher rates of surgical complications, and are two to three times more likely to die prematurely than their fitter counterparts when matched for risk factor profile or coronary calcium score. Increased levels of habitual PA before hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes are also associated with better short-term cardiovascular outcomes. Accordingly, this review examines these relations and the potential underlying mechanisms of benefit (eg, exercise preconditioning), with specific reference to the incidence of cardiovascular, cancer, and coronavirus diseases, and the prescriptive implications and exercise thresholds for optimizing health outcomes. To assess the evidence supporting or refuting the benefits of PA and CRF, we performed a literature search (PubMed) and critically reviewed the evidence to date. In aggregate, these data are presented in the context of clarifying the impact that regular PA and/or increased CRF have on preventing and treating chronic and infectious diseases, with reference to evidence-based exercise thresholds that the medical community can embrace and promote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA; Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Isaac J Wedig
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Robert E Sallis
- Department of Family and Sports Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Steven J Elmer
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, and Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
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Franklin B, H. Eijsvogels T. A narrative review on exercise and cardiovascular disease: Physical activity thresholds for optimizing health outcomes. HEART AND MIND 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/hm.hm_1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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Mu X, Liu S, Fu M, Luo M, Ding D, Chen L, Yu K. Associations of physical activity intensity with incident cardiovascular diseases and mortality among 366,566 UK adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:151. [PMID: 36514169 PMCID: PMC9745930 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations of the proportion of vigorous physical activity (VPA) to moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality are unclear. METHODS The present study included 366,566 participants (aged 40-69 years) without baseline CVD from the UK biobank during 2006 to 2010. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risks of outcomes. RESULTS During a median 11.8 years of follow-up, among 366,566 participants (mean age [SD]: 56.0 [8.1]), 31,894 incident CVD and 19,823 total deaths were documented. Compared with no VPA, 0%-30% of VPA to MVPA was associated with 12% and 19% lower risks of incident CVD (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.86-0.91]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.78-0.84]), respectively. Furthermore, we found that the maximum reduction of risks of incident CVD and all-cause mortality occurred at performing approximately 30% of VPA to MVPA (P < 0.001). Compared with participants reporting the lowest levels of MVPA (moderate physical activity [MPA], 0-150 min/week; VPA, 0-75 min/week), those performing 150-300 min/week of MPA and ≥ 150 min/week of VPA experienced the lowest risk of incident CVD (HR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.79-0.95]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.63-0.80]). Interestingly, we found that smokers yielded more cardiovascular benefits than non-smokers by performing a higher volume of VPA. CONCLUSIONS Comparing with UK adults reporting no VPA, engaging in 30% of VPA was associated with the lowest risk of incident CVD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Mu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Shuangyan Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Mingjian Fu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Mengyun Luo
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XCharles Perkins Center, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Ding
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XCharles Perkins Center, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Liangkai Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Kuai Yu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
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26
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Wright E, Chester V, Kuruganti U. Identifying the Optimal Parameters to Express the Capacity-Activity Interrelationship of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9648. [PMID: 36560016 PMCID: PMC9788492 DOI: 10.3390/s22249648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mobility is the primary indicator of quality of life among older adults. Physical capacity (PC) and physical activity (PA) are two determinants of mobility; however, PC and PA are complex constructs represented by numerous parameters. This research sought to identify the optimal parameters that may be used to represent PC and PA of older adults, while exploring the interrelationship of these two constructs. Participants were 76 community-dwelling older adults (M age = 74.05 ± 5.15 yrs.). The McRoberts MoveTest was used to objectively measure PC in the laboratory with the following tests: the Short Physical Performance Battery, the Sway test, Sit to Stands, and the Timed Up and Go. PA was then measured at home for one week using the McRoberts USB Dynaport. Correlation analyses resulted in 55% and 65% reductions of PC and PA parameters, respectively. Clustering identified five representative PC parameters and five representative PA parameters. Canonical correlation analysis identified a non-significant correlation between the two sets of parameters. A novel approach was used to define PC and PA by systematically reducing these constructs into representative parameters that provide clinically relevant information, suggesting that they are an accurate representation of one's PC and PA. A non-significant correlation between PC and PA suggests that there is no relationship between the two in this sample of community-dwelling older adults. The research provided insight into two important determinants of older adult mobility, and how they influence each other.
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Association of life–course severe sleep apnoea with the risk of all-cause mortality: the offset effect of physical activity. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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28
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Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TM, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the American Society for Preventive Cardiology Part II: Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, minimum and goal intensities for exercise training, prescriptive methods, and special patient populations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100425. [PMID: 36281325 PMCID: PMC9586849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prescription of exercise for individuals with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be scientifically-based yet adapted to the patient. This scientific statement reviews the clinical and physiologic basis for the prescription of exercise, with specific reference to the volume of physical activity (PA) and level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) that confer significant and optimal cardioprotective benefits. Recommendations are provided regarding the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration of training; the concept of MET-minutes per week; critical components of the exercise session (warm-up, conditioning phase, cool-down); methodologies for establishing the training intensity, including oxygen uptake reserve (V̇O2R), target heart rate derivation and rating perceived exertion; minimum and goal intensities for exercise training; and, types of training activities, including resistance training, adjunctive lifestyle PA, marathon/triathlon training, and high-intensity interval training. In addition, we discuss the rationale for and value of exercise training programs for patients with peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A. Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John Quindry
- Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- International Heart Institute – St. Patrick's Hospital, Providence Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Franklin BA, Eijsvogels TM, Pandey A, Quindry J, Toth PP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular health: A clinical practice statement of the ASPC Part I: Bioenergetics, contemporary physical activity recommendations, benefits, risks, extreme exercise regimens, potential maladaptations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2022; 12:100424. [PMID: 36281324 PMCID: PMC9586848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and increased levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) or aerobic capacity are widely promoted as cardioprotective measures in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). Nevertheless, physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors remain a worldwide concern. The continuing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has been especially devastating to patients with known or occult CVD since sitting time and recreational PA have been reported to increase and decrease by 28% and 33%, respectively. Herein, in this first of a 2-part series, we discuss foundational factors in exercise programming, with specific reference to energy metabolism, contemporary PA recommendations, the dose-response relationship of exercise as medicine, the benefits of regular exercise training, including the exercise preconditioning cardioprotective phenotype, as well as the CV risks of PA. Finally, we discuss the 'extreme exercise hypothesis,' specifically the potential maladaptations resulting from high-volume, high-intensity training programs, including accelerated coronary artery calcification and incident atrial fibrillation. The latter is commonly depicted by a reverse J-shaped or U-shaped curve. On the other hand, longevity data argue against this relationship, as elite endurance athletes live 3-6 years longer than the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A. Franklin
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
- Professor, Internal Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ambarish Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine at UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, Michigan, USA
| | - John Quindry
- Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana and International Heart Institute – St. Patrick's Hospital, Providence Medical Center, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Huang WC, Chiu PC, Ho CH. The Sprint-Interval Exercise Using a Spinning Bike Improves Physical Fitness and Ameliorates Primary Dysmenorrhea Symptoms Through Hormone and Inflammation Modulations: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:595-607. [PMID: 36523895 PMCID: PMC9741723 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea with high prevalence has been categorized as primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and secondary dysmenorrhea due to differences in pathogenesis. A significant number of reproductive females suffering from monthly menstruation have to deal with negative impacts on their quality of life, work/study productivity, activities, and social relationships. In addition to medical treatment, exercise has been recognized as a complementary and alternative strategy for disease prevention, alleviation, and rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of exercise on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea, physiological modulation, and physical fitness. Participants consisted of university students who were enrolled in the study and divided into a non-PD (Control) and a PD group based on recruiting criteria, the latter being randomly assigned to either an untreated dysmenorrhea group or a dysmenorrhea group that underwent 10 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise (Dysmen and DysmenHIIT, respectively). The DysmenHIIT group used spinning bikes and the training intensity was validated by heart rate monitors and BORG rating of perceived exertion. Forms containing participant information (premenstrual symptoms, menstrual distress, and a Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire) as well as physical fitness, biochemical variables, hormone and prostaglandin (PGE2 and PGF2α) levels were assessed before and after the exercise intervention. After intervention, premenstrual symptoms (anger, anxiety, depression, activity level, fatigue, etc.), menstrual distress symptoms (cramps, aches, swelling, etc.), and pain severity were shown to be significantly mitigated, possibly through hormone (estradiol, prolactin, progesterone, and cortisol) modulation. Furthermore, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), PGE2 and PGF2α levels were also down-regulated, resulting in the amelioration of uterine contraction and inflammation. Participants' physical fitness, including cardiovascular endurance and explosive force, was significantly improved after HIIT. The 10-week HIIT spinning bike exercise used in this study could be employed as a potential and complementary treatment for PD symptoms alleviation and considered as part of an educational health plan for promoting women's health. However, the effects of HIIT utilizing different exercise methods and accounting for different age populations and secondary PD warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan, Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences; No.365, Ming-te Road, Peitou District, Taipei City 112303, Taiwan
| | - Pei Chi Chiu
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taiwan
| | - Chi Hong Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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Liu Q, Huang K, Liang F, Yang X, Li J, Chen J, Liu X, Cao J, Shen C, Yu L, Zhao Y, Deng Y, Li Y, Hu D, Lu X, Liu Y, Gu D, Liu F, Huang J. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter modifies the association between physical activity and hypertension incidence. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:708-715. [PMID: 35065296 PMCID: PMC9729921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trade-off between the benefits of regular physical activity (PA) and the potentially detrimental effects of augmented exposure to air pollution in highly polluted regions remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure modified the impacts of PA volume and intensity on hypertension risk. METHODS We included 54,797 participants without hypertension at baseline in a nationwide cohort of the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. PA volume and intensity were assessed by questionnaire, and high-resolution (1 km ×1 km) PM2.5 estimates were generated using a satellite-based model. RESULTS During 413,516 person-years of follow-up, 12,100 incident hypertension cases were identified. PM2.5 significantly modified the relationship between PA and hypertension incidence (pinteraction < 0.001). Increased PA volume was negatively associated with incident hypertension in the low PM2.5 stratum (<59.8 μg/m3, ptrend < 0.001), with a hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.74-0.88) when comparing the fourth with the first quartile of PA volume. However, the health benefits were not observed in the high PM2.5 stratum (≥59.8 μg/m3, ptrend = 0.370). Moreover, compared with light PA intensity, vigorous intensity was related to a 20% (95%CI: 9%-29%) decreased risk of hypertension for participants exposed to low PM2.5, but a 17% (95%CI: 4%-33%) increased risk for those with high PM2.5 levels. CONCLUSION PA was associated with a reduced risk of hypertension only among participants with low PM2.5 exposure. Our findings recommended regular PA to prevent hypertension in less polluted regions and reinforced the importance of air quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.
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Loe H, Mosti MP, Wisløff U, Haberstroh C, Flemmen G. Cardiopulmonary and muscular effects of different doses of high-intensity physical training in substance use disorder patients: study protocol for a block allocated controlled endurance and strength training trial in an inpatient setting. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061014. [PMID: 36167363 PMCID: PMC9516060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) have high prevalence of lifestyle-related comorbidities. Physical exercise is known to yield substantial prophylactic impact on disease and premature mortality, and there seems to be an inverse association between physical fitness and adverse health outcomes. High-intensity training is regarded as most effective for improving physical fitness, but less is known concerning the ideal training dose necessary to achieve clinically relevant effects in these patients. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of low-dose and high-dose, high-intensity training, on physical fitness in patients diagnosed with SUD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will recruit 40 in-patients of mixed genders, aged 18-70 years. Participants will be block allocated to low-dose or high-dose training, encompassing 24 high-intensity interval and maximal strength training sessions (3/week × 8 weeks). After a 10 min warm-up, the low-dose group will perform 1×4 min intervals at ⁓90% of maximal heart rate and 2×4 repetitions strength training at ⁓90% of 1 repetition maximum. The high-dose group will perform 4×4 min intervals at ⁓90% of maximal heart rate and 4×4 repetitions strength training at ⁓90% of 1 repetition maximum. Clinical measurements and physical tests will be conducted at baseline, midway and on completion and a questionnaire on physical activity will be administered at baseline. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol is in accordance with the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials statement. All participants will sign a written informed consent. The Regional Committee of Medical Research Ethics, Norway has approved the study. A study of this kind is warranted, and the results will be published in an open access journal to ensure public access, and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04065334.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Loe
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance use and Addicition Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mats Peder Mosti
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance use and Addicition Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Carolin Haberstroh
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance use and Addicition Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grete Flemmen
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance use and Addicition Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Janicijevic D, Miras-Moreno S, Pérez Castilla A, Vera J, Redondo B, Jiménez R, García-Ramos A. Association of military-specific reaction time performance with physical fitness and visual skills. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14007. [PMID: 36068867 PMCID: PMC9441139 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to explore whether military-specific reaction time (RT) test performance is affected by individuals' physical and visual skills. Method In a single testing session, the military-specific Simple and Go, No-Go RT, aerobic power (20-m Multistage Shuttle Run test), maximal upper- and lower-body mechanical capacities (bench press and squat against different loads), and visual skills (multiple object tracking and dynamic visual acuity) of 30 young men (15 active-duty military personnel and 15 sport science students) were evaluated. Results The main findings revealed that the Simple RT and Go, No-Go RT presented (1) with aerobic power non-significant small correlations in military personnel (r = -0.39 and -0.35, respectively) and non-significant negligible correlations in sport science students (r = -0.10 and 0.06, respectively), (2) inconsistent and generally non-significant correlations with the maximal mechanical capacities of the upper- and lower-body muscles (r range = -0.10, 0.67 and -0.27, 0.48, respectively), (3) non-significant correlations with visual skills (r magnitude ≥ 0.58) with the only exception of the Go, No-Go RT that was significantly correlated to all visual variables in the group of students (i.e., students who achieved better results during visual tests had shorter RT; r magnitude ≥ 0.58), and (4) none of the physical and visual variables significantly predicted the Simple RT or Go, No-Go RT. Conclusion Altogether, these results indicate that military-specific RT performance is generally independent of physical and visual skills in both military personnel and active university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergio Miras-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Vera
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Redondo
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Pani J, Eikenes L, Reitlo LS, Stensvold D, Wisløff U, Håberg AK. Effects of a 5-Year Exercise Intervention on White Matter Microstructural Organization in Older Adults. A Generation 100 Substudy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:859383. [PMID: 35847676 PMCID: PMC9278017 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.859383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic fitness and exercise could preserve white matter (WM) integrity in older adults. This study investigated the effect on WM microstructural organization of 5 years of exercise intervention with either supervised moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or following the national physical activity guidelines. A total of 105 participants (70–77 years at baseline), participating in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study, volunteered to take part in this longitudinal 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. The HIIT group (n = 33) exercised for four intervals of 4 min at 90% of peak heart rate two times a week, the MICT group (n = 24) exercised continuously for 50 min at 70% peak heart rate two times a week, and the control group (n = 48) followed the national guidelines of ≥30 min of physical activity almost every day. At baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were performed, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) with ergospirometry, and information on exercise habits was collected. There was no group*time or group effect on any of the DTI indices at any time point during the intervention. Across all groups, CRF was positively associated with fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AxD) at the follow-ups, and the effect became smaller with time. Exercise intensity was associated with mean diffusivity (MD)/FA, with the greatest effect at 1-year and no effect at 5-year follow-up. There was an association between exercise duration and FA and radial diffusivity (RD) only after 1 year. Despite the lack of group*time interaction or group effect, both higher CRF and exercise intensity was associated with better WM microstructural organization throughout the intervention, but the effect became attenuated over time. Different aspects of exercising affected the WM metrics and WM tracts differently with the greatest and most overlapping effects in the corpus callosum. The current study indicates not only that high CRF and exercise intensity are associated with WM microstructural organization in aging but also that exercise’s positive effects on WM may decline with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Pani
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Live Eikenes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Line S Reitlo
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Lehtonen E, Gagnon D, Eklund D, Kaseva K, Peltonen JE. Hierarchical framework to improve individualised exercise prescription in adults: a critical review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001339. [PMID: 35722045 PMCID: PMC9185660 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) guidelines for the general population are designed to mitigate the rise of chronic and debilitating diseases brought by inactivity and sedentariness. Although essential, they are insufficient as rates of cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, metabolic and other devastating and life-long diseases remain on the rise. This systemic failure supports the need for an improved exercise prescription approach that targets the individual. Significant interindividual variability of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) responses to exercise are partly explained by biological and methodological factors, and the modulation of exercise volume and intensity seem to be key in improving prescription guidelines. The use of physiological thresholds, such as lactate, ventilation, as well as critical power, have demonstrated excellent results to improve CRF in those struggling to respond to the current homogenous prescription of exercise. However, assessing physiological thresholds requires laboratory resources and expertise and is incompatible for a general population approach. A case must be made that balances the effectiveness of an exercise programme to improve CRF and accessibility of resources. A population-wide approach of exercise prescription guidelines should include free and accessible self-assessed threshold tools, such as rate of perceived exertion, where the homeostatic perturbation induced by exercise reflects physiological thresholds. The present critical review outlines factors for individuals exercise prescription and proposes a new theoretical hierarchal framework to help shape PA guidelines based on accessibility and effectiveness as part of a personalised exercise prescription that targets the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Lehtonen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dominique Gagnon
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.,School of Kinesiology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Research in Occupational Health and Safety, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Eklund
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Kaseva
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Evert Peltonen
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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Stanton KM, Kienzle V, Dinnes DLM, Kotchetkov I, Jessup W, Kritharides L, Celermajer DS, Rye KA. Moderate- and High-Intensity Exercise Improves Lipoprotein Profile and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Healthy Young Men. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023386. [PMID: 35699182 PMCID: PMC9238648 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels are thought to contribute to these benefits, but much of the research in this area has been limited by lack of well‐controlled subject selection and exercise interventions. We sought to study the effect of moderate and high‐intensity exercise on HDL function, lipid/lipoprotein profile, and other cardiometabolic parameters in a homogeneous population where exercise, daily routine, sleep patterns, and living conditions were carefully controlled. Methods and Results Male Army recruits (n=115, age 22±0.3 years) completed a 12‐week moderate‐intensity exercise program. A subset of 51 subsequently completed a 15‐week high‐intensity exercise program. Fitness increased and body fat decreased after moderate‐ and high‐intensity exercise (P<0.001). Moderate‐intensity exercise increased HDL‐C and apolipoprotein A‐I levels (6.6%, 11.6% respectively), and decreased low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels (7.2%, 4.9% respectively) (all P<0.01). HDL‐C and apolipoprotein A‐I levels further increased by 8.2% (P<0.001) and 6.3% (P<0.05) after high‐intensity exercise. Moderate‐intensity exercise increased ABCA‐1 (ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1) mediated cholesterol efflux by 13.5% (P<0.001), which was sustained after high‐intensity exercise. In a selected subset the ability of HDLs to inhibit ICAM‐1 (intercellular adhesion molecule‐1) expression decreased after the high (P<0.001) but not the moderate‐intensity exercise program. Conclusions When controlling for exercise patterns, diet, and sleep, moderate‐intensity exercise improved HDL function, lipid/lipoprotein profile, fitness, and body composition. A sequential moderate followed by high‐intensity exercise program showed sustained or incremental benefits in these parameters. Improved HDL function may be part of the mechanism by which exercise reduces cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Stanton
- Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia.,The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Herston Queensland Australia
| | - Vivian Kienzle
- Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | | | | | - Wendy Jessup
- The ANZAC Research Institute Concord New South Wales Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia.,The ANZAC Research Institute Concord New South Wales Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- Heart Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia.,The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Tangen EM, Gjestvang C, Stensrud T, Haakstad LAH. Is there an association between total physical activity level and VO 2max among fitness club members? A cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:109. [PMID: 35715819 PMCID: PMC9206379 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Since cardiorespiratory fitness is an important predictor for all-cause mortality, it is of interest to know if meeting the physical activity (PA) recommendations is associated with higher levels of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). We aimed to investigate the association between total PA level given as counts per minute (cpm) and minutes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and VO2max in new fitness club members.
Methods A total of 62 men and 63 women (≥ 18 years), defined as healthy (no disease considered to hinder PA) participated in this study. VO2max (mL kg−1 min−1) was measured with a cardiopulmonary exercise (modified Balke protocol), and total PA level was measured with ActiGraph GT1M for seven consecutive days. All participants accumulating ≥ 10 h of activity recordings ≥ 4 days were included in the data analysis. To examine associations between PA level and VO2max, a Pearson correlation and a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for covariates were used. Results VO2max (mL kg−1 min−1) was 40.5 ± 7.2 in men and 35.1 ± 6.0 in women. Total PA level (cpm) and MVPA (min) were 352.4 ± 123.4 and 260.0 ± 132.6 in men and 361.4 ± 103.8 and 273.2 ± 137.0 in women. Total PA level (men: r = 0.346, p < 0.01, women: r = 0.267 p < 0.01) and MVPA (men: r = 0.359, p = < 0.01, women: r = 0.236, p = 0.03) was associated with VO2max. When adjusting for age and body fat percentage, total PA level and MVPA were no longer associated with VO2max (men: p = 0.11 and p = 0.79, women: p = 0.40 and p = 0.61). In men, age (β = − 0.469 p < 0.01) and body fat percentage (β = − 0.483, p < 0.01) were the strongest predictor for VO2max. For women, body fat percentage was the strongest predictor for VO2max (β = − 0.483, p < 0.01). Conclusions Total PA level and MVPA were associated with VO2max, but the association was low and diminished when adjusted for age and body fat percentage. Body fat percentage (men and women) and age (men) were more strongly associated with VO2max than total PA level and MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elene Mauseth Tangen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, P.O Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Gjestvang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, P.O Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, P.O Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene A H Haakstad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, P.O Box 4014, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Fu L, Zhang W, Ao Y, Zheng Z, Hu H. Efficacy of aerobic and resistance exercises in improving visceral adipose in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:1644-1658. [PMID: 35636454 PMCID: PMC9661875 DOI: 10.1055/a-1742-4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic disease
that can cause liver deterioration if insufficiently diagnosed and untreated. The
verification of whether exercise interventions improve liver enzymes and lipid and glucose
parameters is scant. Aim We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the efficacy
of aerobic and resistance exercise interventions in patients with NAFLD. Methods We searched the related studies in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library,
and Web of Science databases. We screened 1129 articles published before September 1,
2021, based on the inclusion and exclusion standards, after which 17 articles with a total
of 1168 participants were finally included. The indices of liver enzymes and lipid and
glucose metabolism were gathered and examined by Stata SE. Results The outcomes suggested that aerobic and resistance exercise can markedly
improve the parameters of liver enzymes, blood lipids, and glucose, and especially
visceral adipose tissue (weighted mean different [WMD] = −8.3 at 95% CI [−11.59 to −5.00],
p < 0.0001), in patients with NAFLD. Conclusion This study demonstrated that aerobic and resistance exercises positively
affect NAFLD treatment. To further quantify the effects on patients with NAFLD, a more
specific and uniform exercise program should be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yupei Ao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongling Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaidong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Peñailillo L, Diaz-Reiher M, Gurovich A, Flores-Opazo M. A Short-Term Eccentric HIIT Induced Greater Reduction in Cardio-Metabolic Risk Markers in Comparison With Concentric HIIT in Sedentary Overweight Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35439422 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.2022087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Steady-state eccentric exercise training improves cardiometabolic risk (CMR) despite lesser cardiovascular demands compared with load-matched concentric training. Whether a high-intensity interval eccentric training is also effective reducing CMR is unknown. Aim: To compare the effects of a short-term high-intensity interval eccentric training (ECC-HIIT) with high-intensity interval concentric training (CONC-HIIT) on CMR in sedentary overweight men. Methods: Twenty men (age: 27.9 ± 5.3y, body massindex: 29.1 ± 3.1 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned to ECC-HIIT (n = 10) or CONC-HIIT (n = 10) delivered as six sessions, including 4 x 5:2 min work-to-rest ratio, at 80% peak concentric power output. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness weremonitored during training sessions. Training effects on lipid profile, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition, thigh circumference, isometric knee extensors maximal strength, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were determined. Results: Average training HR and RPE were -29%and -50%lower in ECC-HIIT in comparison with CONC-HIIT. Muscle soreness was initially greater after ECC-HIIT compared with CONC-HIIT. Significant changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-7.0 ± 8.7%; p = .02 and -6.3 ± 14.4%; p = .03), SBP (-9.8 ± 7.8%; p = .002), and maximal thigh circumference (+2.5 ± 3.1%; p = .02) were observed following ECC-HIIT. No changes in any CMR marker were observed after CONC-HIIT. Moderate-to-large training effect sizes were obtained in thigh circumference, SBP, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in response to ECC-HIIT. Conclusion: A two-week ECC-HIIT was well-tolerated and induced rapid onset improvements in cholesterol and blood pressure compared to conventional CONC-HIIT in sedentary overweight men.
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Longitudinal study of the effect of a 5-year exercise intervention on structural brain complexity in older adults. A Generation 100 substudy. Neuroimage 2022; 256:119226. [PMID: 35447353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity has been identified as an important risk factor for dementia. High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have been shown to reduce the risk of dementia. However, the mechanism by which exercise affects brain health is still debated. Fractal dimension (FD) is an index that quantifies the structural complexity of the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 5-year exercise intervention on the structural complexity of the brain, measured through the FD, in a subset of 105 healthy older adults participating in the randomized controlled trial Generation 100 Study. The subjects were randomized into control, moderate intensity continuous training, and high intensity interval training groups. Both brain MRI and CRF were acquired at baseline and at 1-, 3- and 5-years follow-ups. Cortical thickness and volume data were extracted with FreeSurfer, and FD of the cortical lobes, cerebral and cerebellar gray and white matter were computed. CRF was measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) using ergospirometry during graded maximal exercise testing. Linear mixed models were used to investigate exercise group differences and possible CRF effects on the brain's structural complexity. Associations between change over time in CRF and FD were performed if there was a significant association between CRF and FD. There were no effects of group membership on the structural complexity. However, we found a positive association between CRF and the cerebral gray matter FD (p < 0.001) and the temporal lobe gray matter FD (p < 0.001). This effect was not present for cortical thickness, suggesting that FD is a more sensitive index of structural changes. The change over time in CRF was associated with the change in temporal lobe gray matter FD from baseline to 5-year follow-up (p < 0.05). No association of the change was found between CRF and cerebral gray matter FD. These results demonstrated that entering old age with high and preserved CRF levels protected against loss of structural complexity in areas sensitive to aging and age-related pathology.
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Nauman J, Franklin BA, Nes BM, Sallis RE, Sawada SS, Marinović J, Stensvold D, Lavie CJ, Tari AR, Wisløff U. Association Between Personal Activity Intelligence and Mortality: Population-Based China Kadoorie Biobank Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:668-681. [PMID: 34865822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate the association between personal activity intelligence (PAI) - a novel metabolic metric which translates heart rate during physical activity into a simple weekly score - and mortality in relatively healthy participants in China whose levels and patterns of physical activity in addition to other lifestyle factors are different from those in high-income countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS From the population-based China Kadoorie Biobank study, 443,792 healthy adults were recruited between June 2004 and July 2008. Participant's weekly PAI score was estimated and divided into four groups (PAI scores of 0, ≤50, 51-99, or ≥100). Using Cox proportional hazard analyses, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality related to PAI scores. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.2 (interquartile range, 7.3 to 9.1) years, there were 21,901 deaths, including 9466 CVD deaths. Compared with the inactive group (0 PAI score), a baseline weekly PAI score greater than or equal to 100 was associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality, an AHR of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.94) in men, and an AHR of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.92) in women, after adjusting for multiple confounders. Participants with a weekly PAI score greater than or equal to 100 also had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (AHR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.97 in men, and AHR, 0.93; 95%, 0.88 to 0.98 in women). Moreover, this subgroup gained 2.7 (95% CI, 2.4 to 3.0) years of life, compared with the inactive cohort. CONCLUSION Among relatively healthy Chinese adults, the PAI metric was inversely associated with CVD and all-cause mortality, highlighting the generalizability of the score in different races, ethnicities, and socioeconomic strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Nauman
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Barry A Franklin
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, and Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Bjarne M Nes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert E Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Susumu S Sawada
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jasna Marinović
- Department of Physiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Dorthe Stensvold
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Atefe R Tari
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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Martini AD, Dalleck LC, Mejuto G, Larwood T, Weatherwax RM, Ramos JS. Changes in the Second Ventilatory Threshold Following Individualised versus Standardised Exercise Prescription among Physically Inactive Adults: A Randomised Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073962. [PMID: 35409646 PMCID: PMC8997390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The second ventilatory threshold (VT2) is established as an important indicator of exercise intensity tolerance. A higher VT2 allows for greater duration of higher intensity exercise participation and subsequently greater reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of standardised and individualised exercise prescription on VT2 among physically inactive adults. Forty-nine physically inactive male and female participants (48.6 ± 11.5 years) were recruited and randomised into a 12-week standardised (n = 25) or individualised (n = 24) exercise prescription intervention. The exercise intensity for the standardised and individualised groups was prescribed as a percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR) or relative to the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) and VT2, respectively. Participants were required to complete a maximal graded exercise test at pre-and post-intervention to determine VT1 and VT2. Participants were categorised as responders to the intervention if an absolute VT2 change of at least 1.9% was attained. Thirty-eight participants were included in the analysis. A significant difference in VT2 change was found between individualised (pre vs. post: 70.6% vs. 78.7% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max)) and standardised (pre vs. post: 72.5% vs. 72.3% VO2max) exercise groups. Individualised exercise prescription was significantly more efficacious (p = 0.04) in eliciting a positive response in VT2 (15/19, 79%) when compared to the standardised exercise group (9/19, 47%). Individualised exercise prescription appears to be more efficacious than standardised exercise prescription in eliciting a positive VT2 change among physically inactive adults. Increasing VT2 allows for greater tolerance to higher exercise intensities and therefore greater cardiovascular health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D. Martini
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Lance C. Dalleck
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
- Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA
| | - Gaizka Mejuto
- Faculty of Education, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Trent Larwood
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
| | - Ryan M. Weatherwax
- Health and Kinesiology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Joyce S. Ramos
- SHAPE Research Centre, Caring Futures Institute, Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (A.D.M.); (L.C.D.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu J, Zhang L, Yang H, Lu C, Jiang L, Chen Y. The Effect of Music Tempo on Fatigue Perception at Different Exercise Intensities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073869. [PMID: 35409552 PMCID: PMC8997730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to clarify the effect of music tempo on runners’ perception of fatigue at different exercise intensities and while listening to music of different tempos through running experiments. Methods: This study used a within-subject two-factor experimental design with music tempo (fast music, slow music, no music) and exercise intensity (high intensity, low intensity) as independent variables and the time to fatigue perception (TFP), the difference in heart rate (HR) and the difference in the median frequency (MF) of surface electromyography (sEMG) signals as observation indexes. Eighteen participants completed a total of 108 sets of running experiments. Results: (1) The main effect of music tempo on the TFP was significant (p < 0.001). (2) The main effect of exercise intensity on the TFP was significant (p < 0.001), and the main effect on the difference in HR was significant (p < 0.001). (3) The interaction effect of music tempo and exercise intensity on the TFP was significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Exercisers’ subjective perception of fatigue was affected by music tempo and the interaction between music tempo and exercise intensity, and exercisers’ objective fatigue perception was influenced mostly by exercise intensity. The findings of this study provide guidance for runners’ choice of music at different intensities of exercise. Whether it is low-intensity exercise or high-intensity exercise, listening to fast music while exercising can help runners perform better mentally and physically during their runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wu
- Industrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- School of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hongchun Yang
- Industrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Chunfu Lu
- Industrial Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (J.W.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lu Jiang
- School of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuyun Chen
- School of Design and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (Y.C.)
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Yue T, Wang Y, Liu H, Kong Z, Qi F. Effects of High-Intensity Interval vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845225. [PMID: 35282360 PMCID: PMC8904881 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for increasing peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. To our knowledge, previously published systematic reviews have neither compared different HIIT models with MICT nor investigated intervention frequencies of HIIT vs. MICT for purposes of improving cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with CVD. Objective The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of different training models, intervention frequencies and weeks of HIIT vs. MICT on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness during cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods A systematic search was carried out for research articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indexed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases for the period up to December 2021. We searched for RCTs that compared the effect of HIIT vs. MICT on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with CVD. Results Twenty-two studies with 949 participants (HIIT: 476, MICT: 473) met the inclusion criteria. Sensitivity analysis revealed that HIIT increased VO2peak more than MICT (MD = 1.35). In the training models and durations, there was a greater increase in VO2peak with medium-interval HIIT (MD = 4.02) and more than 12 weeks duration (MD = 2.35) than with MICT. There were significant improvements in VO2peak with a HIIT frequency of 3 times/week (MD = 1.28). Overall, one minor cardiovascular and four non-cardiovascular adverse events were reported in the HIIT group, while six non-cardiovascular adverse events were reported in the MICT group. Conclusion HIIT is safe and appears to be more effective than MICT for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with CVD. Medium-interval HIIT 3 times/week for more than 12 weeks resulted in the largest improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness during CR. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021245810, identifier: CRD42021245810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yue
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Fengxue Qi
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Schleifer G, Solinsky R, Hamner JW, Picard G, Taylor A. Hybrid Functional Electrical Stimulation improves anaerobic threshold in first three years following spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1050-1056. [PMID: 35232233 PMCID: PMC9347388 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the effects of whole-body exercise on anaerobic threshold in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT) were measured before and after 6 months of hybrid functional electrical stimulation row training in 47 participants with SCI aged 19-63, neurological levels of injury C4-L1, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades A-D, and time since injury at enrollment from 3 months to 40 years. Changes in VO2max differed with time since injury, with greater increases earlier post injury. The early chronic group (<3 years since injury; n=31) increased VO2max from 1.65 ± 0.54 L/min at baseline to 1.83 ± 0.66 L/min at 6 months (p<0.05), while the late chronic group (>3 years since injury; n=16) did not change (1.42 ± 0.44 at baseline to 1.47 ± 0.41 L/min at 6 months, p=0.36). Consistent with VO2max changes, AT increased in the early chronic group (1.03 ± 0.31 to 1.20 ± 0.40 L/min, p<0.05) and did not change in the late chronic group (0.99 ± 0.31 to 0.99 ± 0.26 L/min, p=0.92). Cumulative duration of exercise training was positively correlated to change in VO2max (r=0.475, p<0.05) but not to change in AT. Hybrid functional electrical stimulation row training is effective for increasing aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold in individuals with spinal cord injury; however, these fitness benefits are only significant in individuals initiating the exercise intervention within three years of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Schleifer
- Harvard Medical School, 1811, 107 Ave Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115;
| | - Ryan Solinsky
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cambridge, United States;
| | - Jason W Hamner
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Glen Picard
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 24498, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 24498, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Cambridge, United States;
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Jung I, Kwon H, Park SE, Han KD, Park YG, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Changes in Patterns of Physical Activity and Risk of Heart Failure in Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:327-336. [PMID: 34814381 PMCID: PMC8987691 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is recommended for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients to prevent cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of physical activity (PA) for reducing the risk of heart failure (HF) has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to assess the effect of changes in patterns of PA on incident HF, especially in newly diagnosed diabetic patients. METHODS We examined health examination data and claims records of 294,528 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012 and were newly diagnosed with T2DM. Participants were classified into the four groups according to changes in PA between before and after the diagnosis of T2DM: continuously inactive, inactive to active, active to inactive, and continuously active. The development of HF was analyzed until 2017. RESULTS As compared with those who were continuously inactive, those who became physically active after diagnosis showed a reduced risk for HF (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.93). Those who were continuously active had the lowest risk for HF (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.96). As compared with those who were inactive, those who exercised regularly, either performing vigorous or moderate PA, had a lower HF risk (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.91). CONCLUSION Among individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM, the risk of HF was reduced in those with higher levels of PA after diagnosis was made. Our results suggest either increasing or maintaining the frequency of PA after the diagnosis of T2DM may lower the risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inha Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding authors: Eun-Jung Rhee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-7758 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea E-mail:
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Won-Young Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-7592 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea E-mail:
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Lin Y, Fan R, Hao Z, Li J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Xia Y. The Association Between Physical Activity and Insulin Level Under Different Levels of Lipid Indices and Serum Uric Acid. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809669. [PMID: 35185617 PMCID: PMC8847671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insulin resistance (IR) has been shown to play important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is an intricate interplay between IR, dyslipidemia, and serum uric acid (SUA) in people with and without diabetes. Physical activity has a positive impact on insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant populations. However, the effect of different intensities of physical activity on insulin levels under different lipid indices and SUA levels is unclear. Methods To explore the association between physical activity and insulin, we enrolled 12,982 participants aged above 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2009 and 2018. Next, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses, generated fitted smoothing curves, and visualized the data using generalized additive models. Results Increased intensities of physical activity can significantly reduce insulin levels. The association between physical activity and insulin persisted even after adjusting for confounding factors, with β value (95% CI) = −17.10 (−21.64, −12.56) in moderate group, β value (95% CI) = −28.60 (−33.08, −24.11) in high group, respectively. High-intensity physical activity significantly lowered insulin levels in the lower and higher SUA tertiles, and three tertiles of LDL-c, HDL-c, and TG. Moreover, the link between physical activity and insulin was stronger in male individuals. Conclusion This study shows that physical activity can significantly lower insulin levels, and high-intensity physical activity still has additional potential benefits for insulin levels, even in the condition of dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia.
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Langeskov‐Christensen M, Hvid LG, Jensen HB, Nielsen HH, Petersen T, Stenager E, Dalgas U. Efficacy of high-intensity aerobic exercise on common multiple sclerosis symptoms. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 145:229-238. [PMID: 34687036 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fatigue and walking impairment are disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the effects of progressive aerobic exercise (PAE) on fatigue, walking, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max), and quality of life in people with MS (pwMS). MATERIALS & METHODS Randomized controlled trial (1:1 ratio, stratified by sex) with a 24-week crossover follow-up and intention-to-treat analysis. Allocation to an exercise (24 weeks of PAE followed by self-guided physical activity) and a waitlist (24 weeks of habitual lifestyle followed by PAE) group. PAE comprised two supervised sessions per week; 30-60 min, 65-95% of maximum heart rate. Fatigue impact (Modified Fatigue Impact Scale; MFIS) and severity (Fatigue Severity Scale; FSS), walking ability (12-item MS Walking Scale; MSWS-12) and capacity (Six-Minute Walk Test; 6MWT, Six Spot Step Test; SSST), quality of life (Short Form 36 health survey; SF-36), and VO2 max were measured at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks. RESULTS Eighty-six pwMS were enrolled. Following PAE between-group differences showed reductions in MFIStotal (-5.3 [95% CI: -10.9;0.4], point estimate >clinical relevance), MFISphysical subscore (-2.8 [-5.6;-0.1]), and MFISpsychosocial subscore (-0.9 [-1.6;-0.2]), and an increase in VO2 max (+3.5 ml O2 /min/kg [2.0;5.1]). MSWS-12 (-5.9 [-11.9; 0.2]) and 6MWT (+14 m [-5;33]) differences suggested potential small walking improvements. No changes observed in FSS, SSST, or SF-36. CONCLUSIONS In a representative sample of pwMS, PAE induced a clinically relevant reduction in fatigue impact, whereas small and no effects were seen for walking and quality of life, respectively. The results need confirmation in a future trial due to the study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Grøndahl Hvid
- Exercise Biology Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Henrik Boye Jensen
- Brain and Nerve Diseases Lillebaelt Hospital Kolding Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Helle Hvilsted Nielsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
- Department of Neurology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
- BRIDGE ‐ Brain Research ‐ Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Thor Petersen
- The Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Egon Stenager
- Department of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology Department of Public Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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49
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Lai CC, Tang CY, Fu SK, Tseng WC, Tseng KW. Effects of swimming training on myocardial protection in rats. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:19. [PMID: 35251606 PMCID: PMC8850963 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Swimming is important for promoting and maintaining health, as it can increase the efficiency of the cardiovascular system and decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to examine whether swimming training could decrease myocardial injury in rats caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups, namely the Sham, coronary artery occlusion, swimming training and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) groups. Myocardial I/R was induced in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats by a 40-min occlusion followed by a 3-h reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were sacrificed after surgery and their hearts were examined. The results demonstrated that the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei and degree of caspase-3 activation were both significantly increased in the myocardium following myocardial I/R in rats, indicating increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. On the other hand, swimming training decreased the serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin I, and was associated with reduced histological damage and myocardial infarct size. Furthermore, swimming training also reduced TNF-α levels, caspase-3 activation and enhanced Bcl-2 activation, which decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the myocardium. The findings of the present study showed that swimming training and IPC could similarly decrease myocardial injury following myocardial I/R, and may therefore be used as exercise training to effectively prevent myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- Department of Physical Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Szu-Kai Fu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chin Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, R.O.C
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50
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Galbraith MK, DeWolfe CEJ, Bartel S, Olthuis JV, Watt MC, Stewart SH. Do anxiety sensitivity and impulsivity interact in predicting exercise involvement in emerging adult drinkers and cannabis users? Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 51:243-256. [PMID: 35080192 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.1998211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS; i.e. fear of arousal-related sensations) and impulsivity (i.e. tendency to act quickly without regard for longer-term consequences) represent risks for low physical activity participation. Theoretically, higher impulsivity may exacerbate the negative exercise behaviours of high AS individuals given the tendency of impulsive individuals to favour immediate (e.g. watching TV) over delayed rewards (e.g. the benefits of exercise). Our goal was to investigate the main and interactive effects of AS and impulsivity on physical activity levels at varying exercise intensities. Participants were 178 emerging adults (Mean age = 21.9; 68.8% women). Higher AS was associated with less engagement in vigorous intensity exercise. Moderator analyses revealed an AS x impulsivity interaction: high AS predicted significantly less engagement in moderate intensity exercise at low impulsivity levels and marginally more engagement in moderate intensity exercise at high impulsivity levels. Finally, higher impulsivity was associated with more time spent walking. Cognitive behavioural therapy for high AS, or teaching individuals with high AS to focus on immediate, external rewards of exercise, may help them engage in more physical activity. Given the wide-ranging physical and mental health benefits of exercise involvement, developing effective strategies to increase such involvement in high AS individuals is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Galbraith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Sara Bartel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janine V Olthuis
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Margo C Watt
- Department of Psychology, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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