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Suzuki T, Fujino M, Murai K, Iwai T, Sawada K, Matama H, Miura H, Honda S, Yoneda S, Takagi K, Otsuka F, Asaumi Y, Kataoka Y, Tahara Y, Ogata S, Nishimura K, Tsujita K, Noguchi T. Urinary catheterization prior to PCI worsens clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2023; 81:373-377. [PMID: 36565996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indwelling urethral catheters (IUCs) are used to measure urine volume, keep patients on bed rest, or keep the groin area clean in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the association between IUC use and in-hospital urinary-related complications is unknown. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 303 patients admitted to our hospital in 2018-2020 who had AMI without cardiogenic shock. An IUC was inserted in the emergency room upon initiation of invasive catheter treatment and removed as soon as possible. The primary outcome was in-hospital adverse urinary event (IHAUE), which consisted of in-hospital urinary tract infection and in-hospital gross hematuria. RESULTS Of 303 patients, 243 patients (80.2 %) underwent IUC insertion. A lower proportion of patients with IUCs were male (72 % vs. 85 %, p = 0.044). A higher proportion had Killip classification 2 or 3 (13 % vs. 0 %, p = 0.003) or ST-elevation myocardial infarction (65 % vs. 32 %, p < 0.001). IHAUEs occurred significantly more commonly in patients with IUCs than without IUCs (11 % vs. 2 %, p = 0.023). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that IHAUEs occurred more frequently in patients with IUCs than patients without IUCs (log-rank test p = 0.033). Furthermore, IUC use longer than the median of 2 days was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) for IHAUE when compared with those without IUC use (OR, 3.65; 95 % confidence interval, 1.28-10.4; p = 0.015). There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality by IUC status. CONCLUSIONS IUC use is associated with a higher risk of IHAUEs in patients with uncomplicated AMI. Routine IUC use might not be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kota Murai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamasa Iwai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Matama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Honda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yoneda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Takagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Xu W, Song Q, Wang X, Zhao Z, Meng X, Xia C, Xie Y, Yang C, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang F. Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio and in-hospital mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: insights from a large cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:217. [PMID: 36261839 PMCID: PMC9580448 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress hyperglycemia is strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently, the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) has been proposed to represent relative hyperglycemia. Studies regarding the relationship between SHR and mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) are limited. This study aimed to clarify the association between SHR and in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD. Methods A total of 19,929 patients with CAD who were hospitalized in Beijing Hospital were enrolled in this study. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min, cancer, or missing blood glucose/HbA1c data were excluded; therefore, 8,196 patients were included in the final analysis. The patients were divided into three groups based on tertiles of SHR: T1 group (SHR < 0.725, n = 2,732), T2 group (0.725 ≤ SHR < 0.832, n = 2,730), and T3 group (SHR ≥ 0.832, n = 2,734). The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Results The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 0.91% (n = 74). After adjusting for covariates, SHR was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD [odds ratio (OR) = 17.038; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.668–30.027; P < 0.001], and the T3 group had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 4.901; 95% CI = 2.583–9.297; P < 0.001) compared with T1 group. In the subgroup analysis, the T3 group had an increased risk of mortality among patients with pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM) (OR = 9.670; 95% CI = 1.886–49.571; P = 0.007) and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 5.023; 95% CI = 2.371–10.640; P < 0.001) after adjustments for covariates. The relationship between SHR and in-hospital mortality among patients with ACS and chronic coronary syndrome was consistent with the main finding. SHR and in-hospital mortality exhibited a dose-response relationship, and the risk of in-hospital mortality increased when the SHR index was above 1.20. Moreover, the area under the curve of SHR for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD was 0.741. Conclusion SHR is significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD. SHR may be an effective predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with CAD, especially for those with pre-DM and DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01645-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Emergency Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Qirui Song
- Hypertension Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zinan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Xie
- Department of Information Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yatong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application (Beijing Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Luo J, Xu S, Li H, Li Z, Gong M, Qin X, Zhang X, Hao C, Liu X, Zhang W, Xu W, Liu B, Wei Y. Prognostic impact of stress hyperglycemia ratio in acute myocardial infarction patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2356-2366. [PMID: 35965248 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is associated with increased in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to investigate the impact of stress "hyperglycemia" on long-term mortality after AMI in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS AND RESULTS We included 2089 patients with AMI between February 2014 and March 2018. SHR was measured with the fasting glucose divided by the estimated average glucose derived from glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Of 2 089 patients (mean age: 65.7 ± 12.4, 76.7% were men) analyzed, 796 (38.1%) had DM. Over a median follow-up of 2.7 years, 141 (6.7%) and 150 (7.2%) all-cause deaths occurred in the diabetic and nondiabetic cohorts, respectively. Compared with participants with low SHR (<1.24 in DM; <1.14 in non-DM), the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for those with high SHR (≥1.24 in DM; ≥1.14 in non-DM) for all-cause mortality were 2.23 (1.54-3.23) and 1.79 (1.15-2.78); for cardiovascular mortality were 2.42 (1.63-3.59) and 2.10 (1.32-3.35) in DM and non-DM subjects, respectively. The mortality prediction was improved in the diabetic individuals with the incorporation of SHR into the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, showing an increase in a continuous net reclassification index of 0.184 (95%CI: 0.003-0.365) and an absolute integrated discrimination improvement of 0.014 (95%CI: 0.002-0.025). CONCLUSION The improvement in the prediction of long-term mortality beyond the GRACE score indicates the potential of SHR as a biomarker for post-MI risk stratification among patients with DM. REGISTRATION NUMBER FOR CLINICAL TRIALS NCT03533543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siling Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanzhen Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Brennan S, Esposito S, Abdelaziz MIM, Martin CA, Makwana S, Sims MW, Squire IB, Sharma P, Chadwick AE, Rainbow RD. Selective protein kinase C inhibition switches time-dependent glucose cardiotoxicity to cardioprotection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:997013. [PMID: 36158799 PMCID: PMC9489859 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.997013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia at the time of myocardial infarction has an adverse effect on prognosis irrespective of a prior diagnosis of diabetes, suggesting glucose is the damaging factor. In ex vivo models of ischaemia, we demonstrated that deleterious effects of acutely elevated glucose are PKCα/β-dependent, and providing PKCα/β are inhibited, elevated glucose confers cardioprotection. Short pre-treatments with high glucose were used to investigate time-dependent glucose cardiotoxicity, with PKCα/β inhibition investigated as a potential mechanism to reverse the toxicity. Freshly isolated non-diabetic rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to elevated glucose to investigate the time-dependence toxic effects. High glucose challenge for >7.5 min was cardiotoxic, proarrhythmic and lead to contractile failure, whilst cardiomyocytes exposed to metabolic inhibition following 5-min high glucose, displayed a time-dependent protection lasting ∼15 min. This protection was further enhanced with PKCα/β inhibition. Cardioprotection was measured as a delay in contractile failure and KATP channel activation, improved contractile and Ca2+ transient recovery and increased cell survival. Finally, the effects of pre-ischaemic treatment with high glucose in a whole-heart coronary ligation protocol, where protection was evident with PKCα/β inhibition. Selective PKCα/β inhibition enhances protection suggesting glycaemic control with PKC inhibition as a potential cardioprotective therapeutics in myocardial infarction and elective cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Brennan
- Department of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sean Brennan,
| | - Simona Esposito
- Department of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad I. M. Abdelaziz
- Department of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Martin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Samir Makwana
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Sims
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Iain B. Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E. Chadwick
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Rainbow
- Department of Cardiovascular, Metabolic Medicine and Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Richard D. Rainbow,
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Yang J, Zheng Y, Li C, Gao J, Meng X, Zhang K, Wang W, Shao C, Tang YD. The Impact of the Stress Hyperglycemia Ratio on Short-term and Long-term Poor Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insight From a Large Cohort Study in Asia. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:947-956. [PMID: 35045167 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, some studies have indicated that a novel marker described as the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) can reflect true acute hyperglycemic status and is associated with the short-term poor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In the current study we evaluated the association of SHR with adverse cardiovascular events among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We consecutively enrolled 5,562 ACS patients who underwent drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. All subjects were divided into five groups according to SHR, which was determined by the following formula: ABG / [(28.7 × HbA1c %) - 46.7], where ABG is admission blood glucose level. The primary end point was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at the 2-year follow-up, and the secondary end point included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 2-year follow-up, cardiac death, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 2-year follow-up and in-hospital cardiac death and nonfatal MI. RESULTS A total of 643 MACCE were recorded during a median follow-up of 28.3 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the lowest MACCE incidence in quintile 3 (P < 0.001). Moreover, the outcomes of restricted cubic spline analysis suggested that there was a U-shaped or J-shaped association between the SHR and early and late cardiovascular outcomes even after adjustment for other confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS There were U-shaped associations of SHR with MACCE rate and MACE rate at 2-year follow-ups and J-shaped associations of SHR with in-hospital cardiac death and MI and that at 2-year follow-up in ACS patients who underwent DES implantation, and the inflection point of SHR for poor prognosis was 0.78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yitian Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbin Meng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Shao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Da Tang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Prognostic Value of the Acute-to-Chronic Glycemic Ratio at Admission in Heart Failure: A Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010006. [PMID: 35011747 PMCID: PMC8745704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hyperglycemia has been associated with worse prognosis in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). Nevertheless, studies evaluating the impact of glycemic control on long-term prognosis have shown conflicting results. Our aim was to assess the relationship between acute-to-chronic (A/C) glycemic ratio and 4-year mortality in a cohort of subjects hospitalized for acute HF. A total of 1062 subjects were consecutively included. We measured glycaemia at admission and estimated average chronic glucose levels and the A/C glycemic ratio were calculated. Subjects were stratified into groups according to the A/C glycemic ratio tertiles. The primary endpoint was 4-year mortality. Subjects with diabetes had higher risk for mortality compared to those without (HR 1.35 [95% CI: 1.10–1.65]; p = 0.004). A U-shape curve association was found between glucose at admission and mortality, with a HR of 1.60 [95% CI: 1.22–2.11]; p = 0.001, and a HR of 1.29 [95% CI: 0.97–1.70]; p = 0.078 for the first and the third tertile, respectively, in subjects with diabetes. Additionally, the A/C glycemic ratio was negatively associated with mortality (HR 0.76 [95% CI: 0.58–0.99]; p = 0.046 and HR 0.68 [95% CI: 0.52–0.89]; p = 0.005 for the second and third tertile, respectively). In multivariable analysis, the A/C glycemic ratio remained an independent predictor. In conclusion, in subjects hospitalized for acute HF, the A/C glycemic ratio is significantly associated with mortality, improving the ability to predict mortality compared with glucose levels at admission or average chronic glucose concentrations, especially in subjects with diabetes.
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7
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Okadome Y, Morinaga J, Fukami H, Hori K, Ito T, Sato M, Miyata K, Kuwabara T, Mukoyama M, Suzuki R, Tsunoda R, Oike Y. Hyperglycemia and Thrombocytopenia - Combinatorially Increase the Risk of Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Circ Rep 2021; 3:707-715. [PMID: 34950796 PMCID: PMC8651472 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-21-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
Patients with cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can rapidly undergo veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) therapy to recover cardiac output and decrease mortality. However, the clinical indicators predictive of mortality in these patients remain unknown. Methods and Results:
We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study targeting AMI patients undergoing VA-ECMO. All 63 patients undergoing VA-ECMO for AMI at the Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2020 were enrolled. An exploratory analysis was conducted using a survival tree model and variables selected in a univariate Cox proportional hazard model. The median survival time from the start of VA-ECMO was 6.3 days, and 77.8% (n=49) of patients died. Survival analysis divided patients into 3 groups based on 2 parameters at the initial medical examination: Group 1, patients with neither hyperglycemia (blood glucose ≥213 mg/dL) nor thrombocytopenia (platelets ≤145,100/μL); Group 2, patients with hyperglycemia; and Group 3, patients with hyperglycemia plus thrombocytopenia. Relative to Group 1, the risk of in-hospital mortality was significantly increased in Group 2 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–4.46), and that risk further increased in Group 3 (HR 7.60; 95% CI 3.21–17.95). Conclusions:
Hyperglycemia plus thrombocytopenia on initial medical examination combinatorially increase the risk of mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock due to AMI undergoing VA-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okadome
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hirotaka Fukami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kota Hori
- Department of Emergency, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Teruhiko Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ryusuke Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ryusuke Tsunoda
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
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8
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Li M, Gao Y, Guo K, Wu Z, Lao Y, Li J, Huang X, Feng L, Dong J, Yuan Y. Association Between Fasting Hyperglycemia and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and the Impact on Short- and Long-Term Prognosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:667527. [PMID: 34277729 PMCID: PMC8280294 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.667527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between fasting hyperglycemia (FHG) and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear, and whether their co-occurrence is associated with a worse in-hospital and long-term prognosis than FHG or AF alone is unknown. Objective: To explore the correlation between FHG and new-onset AF in patients with AMI, and their impact on in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study comprising 563 AMI patients. The patients were divided into the FHG group and the NFHG group. The incidence of new-onset AF during hospitalization was compared between the two groups and sub-groups under different Killip grades. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between FHG and new-onset AF. In-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality were compared among patients with FHG, AF, and with both FHG and AF according to 10 years of follow-up information. Results: New-onset AF occurred more frequently in the FHG group than in the NFHG group (21.6 vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001). This trend was observed for Killip grade I (16.6 vs. 6.5%, p = 0.002) and Grade II (17.1 vs. 6.9%, p = 0.005), but not for Killip grade III–IV (40 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.761). Logistic regression showed FHG independently correlated with new-onset AF (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.53–4.30; P < 0.001), and 1 mmol/L increased in fasting glucose was associated with a 5% higher rate of new-onset AF, after adjustment for traditional AF risk factors. AMI patients complicated with both fasting hyperglycemia and AF showed the highest in-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality during an average of 11.2 years of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression showed FHG combined with AF independently correlated with long-term all-cause mortality after adjustment for other traditional risk factors (OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.64–5.96, p = 0.001), compared with the group with neither FHG nor new-onset AF. Conclusion: FHG was an independent risk factor for new-onset AF in patients with AMI. AMI patients complicated with both FHG and new-onset AF showed worse in-hospital and long-term all-cause mortality than with FHG or AF alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zidi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yi Lao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jiewen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xuansheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Jianting Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
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9
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Mamadjanov T, Volaklis K, Heier M, Freuer D, Amann U, Peters A, Kuch B, Thilo C, Linseisen J, Meisinger C. Admission glucose level and short-term mortality in older patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the KORA Myocardial Infarction Registry. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046641. [PMID: 34083341 PMCID: PMC8183232 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between admission blood glucose levels and 28-day mortality as well as in-hospital complications in older patients with incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing modern treatment. METHODS From a German population-based regional MI registry, 5530 patients (2016 women), aged 65-84 years, hospitalised with an incident AMI between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2016 were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between admission blood glucose and 28-day mortality as well as in-hospital complications after AMI. Analyses stratified according to age, diabetes and type of infarction (ST-elevation MI (STEMI)/non-STEMI) were conducted. RESULTS The adjusted ORs for the association between admission blood glucose and 28-day mortality in young-old (65-74 years) and old (75-84 years) patients with AMI were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.21 to 1.62) and 1.21 (95% CI: 0.98 to 1.50) per 1 SD increase in admission blood glucose, respectively. Furthermore, higher admission blood glucose was related to case fatality irrespective of the diabetes status and type of infarction only in the under-75 group. For the patients aged 75-84 years, it was only true for those without diabetes and STEMI. Admission blood glucose was also associated with major cardiac complications in both age groups. CONCLUSION Admission blood glucose was significantly associated with 28-day case fatality in patients with AMI aged 65-74 years but not 75-84 years; furthermore, in both age groups there was an increased risk of major complications. It seems that admission glucose may play a rather minor role in terms of case fatality in higher aged patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temur Mamadjanov
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Volaklis
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg, Germany
- KORA Study Centre, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ute Amann
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Kuch
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Hospital of Nördlingen, Nördlingen, Germany
| | - Christian Thilo
- Department of Cardiology, Respiratory Medicine and Intensive Care, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
- Independent Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Health and Environment, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Augsburg, Germany
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10
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24-hr observation unit is safe location for rapid glucose control in uncomplicated severe hyperglycaemia. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:66. [PMID: 34053434 PMCID: PMC8166021 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncomplicated hyperglycaemia is a common presentation in the emergency department (ED). Rapid glucose control is associated with the risk of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia. We sought to determine the safety of a rapid glucose control protocol delivered in a 24-h emergency department observation unit (OU). Methods This is a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to the OU for hyperglycaemia where the assessing clinician deemed there was no other reason for medical admission apart from hyperglycaemia; and that the patient could be safely discharged provided their hyperglycaemia was adequately treated. The rapid glucose control protocol consists of 4–6 hourly glucose monitoring and insulin injections according to a sliding scale. We report the demographics, reduction in glucose values and the incidence of hypoglycaemia in the OU. We also determine the rate of discharge from OU and the rate of hospital admission at 30 days. Results We included 101 patients. The mean age was 53.5 years (95% CI 50.4–56.6) and 64% of patients were male. The mean HbA1c value was 12.8% (95% CI 12.3–13.3). The mean admission and discharge glucose values were 27.2 (95% CI 26.3–28.1) and 13.9 (95% CI 13.2–14.6) mmols/l respectively. There was no incidence of hypoglycaemia in the OU. We successfully discharged 90.1% of the patients from the OU, of which 3 (3.3%) patients were admitted to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. Conclusion ED OU is a safe location to deliver effective management for patients presented with uncomplicated severe hyperglycaemia.
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11
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Kitahara S, Fujino M, Honda S, Asaumi Y, Kataoka Y, Otsuka F, Nakanishi M, Tahara Y, Ogata S, Onozuka D, Nishimura K, Fujita T, Tsujita K, Ogawa H, Noguchi T. COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mechanical complications in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Open Heart 2021; 8:e001497. [PMID: 33547221 PMCID: PMC7871043 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there are regional reports that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a reduction in acute myocardial infarction presentations and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures, little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mechanical complications resulting from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and mortality. METHODS This single-centre retrospective cohort study analysed presentations, incidence of mechanical complications, and mortality in patients with STEMI before and after a state of emergency was declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic by the Japanese government on 7 April 2020. RESULTS We analysed 359 patients with STEMI hospitalised before the declaration and 63 patients hospitalised after the declaration. The proportion of patients with late presentation was significantly higher after the declaration than before (25.4% vs 14.2%, p=0.03). The incidence of late presentation was significantly higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 2.41; 95% CI, 1.37 to 4.05; p=0.001, even after adjusting for month (IRR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.33 to 5.13; p<0.01). Primary PCI was performed significantly less often after the declaration than before (68.3% vs 82.5%, p=0.009). The mechanical complication resulting from STEMI occurred in 13 of 359 (3.6%) patients before the declaration and 9 of 63 (14.3%) patients after the declaration (p<0.001). However, the incidence of in-hospital death (before, 6.2% vs after, 6.4%, p=0.95) was comparable. CONCLUSIONS Following the COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of mechanical complications resulting from STEMI was observed. Instructing people to stay at home, without effectively educating them to immediately seek medical attention when suffering symptoms of a heart attack, may worsen outcomes in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kitahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Honda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Watanabe T, Sugawara H, Saito K, Ishii A, Fukuchi T, Omoto K. Predicting 72-h mortality in patients with extremely high random plasma glucose levels: A case-controlled cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24510. [PMID: 33530277 PMCID: PMC7850777 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk factors associated with 72-hours mortality in patients with extremely high levels of random plasma glucose (RPG) remain unclear.To explore the risk factors predictive of 72-hours mortality in patients with extremely high RPG under heterogenos pathophysiological conditions.Retrospective, single-center, case-controlled cross-sectional study.University teaching hospital.Adults over age 18 were selected from the medical records of patients at the Saitama Medical Center, Japan, from 2004 to 2013.Extremely high RPG (≥500 mg/dl).Mortality at 72 hours following the RPG test, regardless of hospitalization or in an outpatient setting. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and RPG level. The final prediction model was built using the logistic regression model with a higher C-statistic, specificity, and sensitivity.A total of 351 patients with RPG ≥500 mg/dl were identified within the 10-year period. The 72-hours mortality rate was 16/351 (4.6%). The C-statistics of the 72-hours mortality prediction model with serum albumin (ALB) and creatine kinase (CK) was 0.856. The probability of 72-hours mortality was calculated as follows: 1/[1 + exp (-5.142 + 0.901log (CK) -1.087 (ALB) + 0.293 (presence (1) or absence (0) of metastatic solid tumor)]. The sensitivity and specificity of this model was 75.5%.The independent risk factors associated with 72-hours mortality in patients with RPG ≥500 mg/dl are hypoalbuminemia, elevated CK, and presence of a metastatic solid tumour. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and possible interventions to prevent mortality associated with extremely high RPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamami Watanabe
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama
| | - Hitoshi Sugawara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama
| | - Kai Saito
- Medical Student, Nara Medical University, Nara
| | - Akira Ishii
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama
| | - Takahiko Fukuchi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama
| | - Kiyoka Omoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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13
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Koraćević G, Mićić S, Stojanović M, Tomašević M, Kostić T, Koraćević M, Janković I. Single prognostic cut-off value for admission glycemia in acute myocardial infarction has been used although high-risk stems from hyperglycemia as well as from hypoglycemia (a narrative review). Prim Care Diabetes 2020; 14:594-604. [PMID: 32988774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
All original articles and meta-analysis use the single cut-off value to distinguish high-risk hyperglycemic from other acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The mortality rate is 3.9 times higher in non-diabetic AMI patients with admission glycemia ≥6.1mmol compared to normoglycemic non-diabetic AMI patients. On the other hand, admission hypoglycemia in AMI is an important predictor of mortality. Because both admission hypo- and hyperglycemia correspond to higher in-hospital mortality, this graph is recognized as "J or U shaped curve". The review suggests two cut-off values for admission glycemia for risk assessment in AMI instead of single one because hypoglycemia as well as hyperglycemia represents a high-risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Koraćević
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center Niš, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
| | | | | | - Miloje Tomašević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tomislav Kostić
- Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center Niš, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Maja Koraćević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia; Innovation Center, University of Niš, Serbia
| | - Irena Janković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia; Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Clinical Center Niš, Serbia
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14
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Prognostic value of fasting glucose on the risk of heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in non-diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Front Med 2020; 15:70-78. [PMID: 32519296 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that acute blood glucose elevation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) suggests a poor prognosis. To investigate the effect of fasting blood glucose (FBG) on the risk of heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in non-diabetic patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute STEMI, we retrospectively recruited consecutive non-diabetic patients who underwent primary PCI for STEMI in our hospital from February 2003 to March 2015. The patients were divided into two groups according to the FBG level. A total of 623 patients were recruited with an age of 61.3 ± 12.9 years, of whom 514 (82.5%) were male. The HF risk (odds ratio 3.401, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.144-5.395, P < 0.001) was significantly increased in patients with elevated FBG than those with normal FBG. Elevated FBG was also independently related to LVSD (β 1.513, 95%CI 1.282-1.785, P < 0.001) in a multiple logistics regression analysis. In conclusion, elevated FBG was independently associated with 30-day HF and LVSD risk in non-diabetic patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI.
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15
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Shahid M, Zarif HMA, Farid MS, Abid MS, Akhtar B, Khan MR. Prognostic Value of Hyperglycemia on Admission on In-hospital Outcomes in Patients Presenting with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction. Cureus 2020; 12:e7024. [PMID: 32211260 PMCID: PMC7081956 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with acute coronary syndrome, and elevated blood glucose levels on hospital admission may influence outcomes in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). We conducted this study to determine the prognostic outcome of hyperglycemia at admission on in-hospital outcomes of STEMI patients with and without T2DM. Methods This prospective study was conducted from June 13, 2018, to October 12, 2019, and included patients older than 18 years diagnosed with STEMI. For our purposes, hyperglycemia was defined as blood glucose levels >140 mg/dl. Hypertension was considered as systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic pressure > 90 mmHg. The predictive value of glycemia on admission for outcomes was assessed via patient mortality following thrombolysis or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Results Our study included 256 patients (196 men, 76.5%; 60 women, 23.5%) with a mean age of 55 ± 11 years. A total of 92 patients (35.9%) were admitted with known T2DM diagnoses: 72 of them had hyperglycemia and 20 patients had euglycemia (p = 0.0001). Post-PCI mortality was six (18.8%) in the hyperglycemic group and one (2.2%) in the euglycemic group (p = 0.03). In-hospital mortality was higher in the hyperglycemic group (n = 12, 12.5%) compared to the euglycemic group (n = 6, 3.7%; p = 0.015). Significant risk factors of mortality for STEMI patients with hyperglycemia on admission were age 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 5.63 [1.54-20.58]; p = 0.007), heart failure on admission (OR, 6.84 [1.85-25.22)]; p = 0.003), T2DM (OR, 4.14 [0.50-33.96]; p = 0.05), and presenting with renal failure (OR, 6.78 [1.74-26.42]; p = 0.009). Conclusion Thrombolysis and PCI are effective and safe treatments in STEMI patients. Hyperglycemia has a great adverse impact on hospital outcomes in patients with or without T2DM. STEMI patients with hyperglycemia on hospital admission have higher mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Cardiology, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan, PAK
| | | | | | | | - Burhan Akhtar
- Cardiology, Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan, PAK
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16
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Pan W, Lu H, Lian B, Liao P, Guo L, Zhang M. Prognostic value of HbA1c for in-hospital and short-term mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:169. [PMID: 31829179 PMCID: PMC6905004 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HbA1c, the most commonly used indicator of chronic glucose metabolism, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between HbA1c and the mortality of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients has not been elucidated yet. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review assessing the effect of HbA1c on in-hospital and short-term mortality in ACS patients. Methods Relevant studies reported before July 2019 were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Embase, and Central. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the predictive value of HbA1c for the in-hospital mortality and short-term mortality. Results Data from 25 studies involving 304,253 ACS patients was included in systematic review. The pooled RR of in-hospital mortality was 1.246 (95% CI 1.113–1.396, p: 0.000, I2 = 48.6%, n = 14) after sensitivity analysis in studies reporting HbA1c as categorial valuable. The pooled RR was 1.042 (95% CI 0.904–1.202, p: 0.57, I2 = 82.7%, n = 4) in random-effects model for studies reporting it as continuous valuable. Subgroup analysis by diabetic status showed that elevated HbA1c is associated increased short-term mortality in ACS patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) history and without DM (RR: 2.31, 95% CI (1.81–2.94), p = 0.000, I2 = 0.0%, n = 5; RR: 2.56, 95% CI 1.38–4.74, p = 0.003, I2 = 0.0%, n = 2, respectively), which was not the case for patients with DM and patients from studies incorporating DM and non-DM individuals (RR: 1.16, 95% CI 0.79–1.69, p = 0.451, I2 = 31.9%, n = 3; RR: 1.10, 95% CI 0.51–2.38), p = 0.809, I2 = 47.4%, n = 4, respectively). Conclusions Higher HbA1c is a potential indicator for in-hospital death in ACS patients as well as a predictor for short-term mortality in ACS patients without known DM and without DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Pan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haining Lu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Baotao Lian
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.,The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Pengda Liao
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liheng Guo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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17
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Brennan S, Chen S, Makwana S, Martin CA, Sims MW, Alonazi ASA, Willets JM, Squire IB, Rainbow RD. A novel form of glycolytic metabolism-dependent cardioprotection revealed by PKCα and β inhibition. J Physiol 2019; 597:4481-4501. [PMID: 31241168 DOI: 10.1113/jp278332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Acute hyperglycaemia at the time of a heart attack worsens the outcome for the patient. Acute hyperglycaemia is not limited to diabetic patients and can be due to a stress response in non-diabetics. This study suggests that the damaging cardiac effects of hyperglycaemia can be reversed by selective PKC inhibition. If PKCα/β isoforms are inhibited, then high glucose itself becomes protective against ischaemic damage. Selective PKC inhibition may therefore be a useful therapeutic tool to limit the damage that can occur during a heart attack by stress-induced hyperglycaemia. ABSTRACT Hyperglycaemia has a powerful association with adverse prognosis for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Previous work shows that high glucose prevents ischaemic preconditioning and causes electrical and mechanical disruption via protein kinase C α/β (PKCα/β) activation. The present study aimed to: (i) determine whether the adverse clinical association of hyperglycaemia in ACS can be replicated in preclinical cellular models of ACS and (ii) determine the importance of PKCα/β activation to the deleterious effect of glucose. Freshly isolated rat, guinea pig or rabbit cardiomyocytes were exposed to simulated ischaemia after incubation in the presence of normal (5 mm) or high (20 mm) glucose in the absence or presence of small molecule or tat-peptide-linked PKCαβ inhibitors. In each of the four conditions, the following hallmarks of cardioprotection were recorded using electrophysiology or fluorescence imaging: cardiomyocyte contraction and survival, action potential stability and time to failure, intracellular calcium and ATP, mitochondrial depolarization, ischaemia-sensitive leak current, and time to Kir 6.2 opening. High glucose alone resulted in decreased cardiomyocyte contraction and survival; however, it also imparted cardioprotection in the presence of PKCα/β inhibitors. This cardioprotective phenotype displayed improvements in all of the measured parameters and decreased myocardium damage during whole heart coronary ligation experiments. High glucose is deleterious to cellular and whole-heart models of simulated ischaemia, in keeping with the clinical association of hyperglycaemia with an adverse outcome in ACS. PKCαβ inhibition revealed high glucose to show a cardioprotective phenotype in this setting. The results of the present study suggest the potential for the therapeutic application of PKCαβ inhibition in ACS associated with hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Brennan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Samir Makwana
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher A Martin
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Mark W Sims
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Asma S A Alonazi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan M Willets
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Iain B Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard D Rainbow
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, UK
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Koracevic GP. Should Target Glycemic Range Be Exactly the Same for Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Versus Without Diabetes? J Emerg Med 2019; 57:250-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ding XS, Wu SS, Chen H, Zhao XQ, Li HW. High admission glucose levels predict worse short-term clinical outcome in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infraction: a retrospective observational study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:163. [PMID: 31272376 PMCID: PMC6610988 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) often accompanied by admission hyperglycemia, which usually predicts a poor clinical outcomes for non-diabetes mellitus. Appropriate cut-point to identify high risk individuals in these patients remains controversial. METHODS One thousand six hundred ninety-eight non-diabetes AMI patients in this retrospective study were divided into 3 groups according to admission glucose levels (euglycemia group≤140 mg/dL, moderate hyperglycemia group 141-179 mg/dL, severe hyperglycemia group≥180 mg/dL). The primary endpoint of this study was all-cause in-hospital mortality rate. In-hospital motality related risk factors was analyzed by multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS All myocardial necrosis markers and Log NT-proBNP in severe hyperglycemia group were significantly higher than those in the other 2 groups. Logistic regression showed that independent predictors of the in-hospital mortality rate in non-diabetic patients with AMI were age (OR = 1.057, 95% CI 1.024-1.091, P < 0.001), logarithm of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (OR = 7.697, 95% CI 3.810-15.550, P < 0.001), insufficient myocardial reperfusion (OR = 7.654, 95% CI 2.109-27.779, P < 0.001), percutaneous coronary intervention (OR = 0.221, 95% CI 0.108-0.452, P < 0.001) and admission glucose (as categorical variable). Patients with moderate hyperglycemia (OR = 1.186, 95% CI 0.585-2.408, P = .636) and severe hyperglycemia (OR = 4.595, 95% CI 1.942-10.873, P = 0.001) had a higher all-cause in-hospital mortality rate compared with those with euglycemia after AMI in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS The all-cause in-hospital mortality risk increases remarkably as admission glucose levels elevated in non-diabetic patients with AMI, especially in patients with admission glucose levels ≥180 mg/dL. Severe admission hyperglycemia could be regarded as prospective high-risk marker for non-diabetic AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Song Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiao Zhao
- Clinical Atherosclerosis Research Lab, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Hong Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100050 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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Serum potassium and glucose levels, and mortality in acute myocardial infarction; fact or myth? Int J Cardiol 2019; 287:50-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Orellana-Barrios MA, Fries JW, Nugent K, Shurmur S. Glycated hemoglobin, admission blood glucose delta, and associated mortality in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2019; 32:325-330. [PMID: 31384180 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2019.1606614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of glucose metabolism in patients with acute coronary syndrome has been increasingly recognized. We conducted a retrospective study of the associations between prior glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, admission glucose values, HbA1c-derived estimated average glucose levels (eAG), admission glucose delta (admission glucose - eAG), and mortality in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A total of 676 and 566 patients were included in the in-hospital and 12-month mortality models, respectively. Mean admission blood glucose values were higher in the in-hospital and 12-month mortality groups in patients with no prior diagnosis of diabetes (P < 0.001). Pre, post, and admission HbA1c levels and eAG levels were not associated with in-hospital or 12-month all-cause mortality. The admission glucose delta was higher in patients with in-hospital mortality (87.3 ± 122.7 mg/dL) than in patients who survived (35.88 ± 81.23 mg/dL; P = 0.040). The in-hospital death rate was significantly higher (17% vs 4%, P = 0.017) for patients with admission glucose delta ≥140 mg/dL compared to lower values. In conclusion, HbA1c-derived admission glucose delta is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The mechanisms for the association of acute hyperglycemia with increased acute coronary syndrome mortality are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph W Fries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTexas
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTexas
| | - Scott Shurmur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTexas
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Jomaa W, El Mhamdi S, Ben Ali I, Azaiez MA, El Hraiech A, Ben Hamda K, Maatouk F. Prognostic value of hyperglycemia on-admission in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Tunisia. Indian Heart J 2018; 70:772-776. [PMID: 30580843 PMCID: PMC6306357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia on-admission is a powerful predictor of adverse events in patients presenting for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). AIM In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic value of hyperglycemia on-admission in Tunisian patients presenting with STEMI according to their diabetic status. METHODS Patients presenting to our center between January 1998 and September 2014 were enrolled. Hyperglycemia was defined as a glucose level ≥11mmol/L. In-hospital prognosis was studied in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The predictive value for mortality of glycemia level on-admission was assessed by mean of the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve calculation. RESULTS A total of 1289 patients were included. Mean age was 60.39±12.8years and 977 (77.3%) patients were male. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 70.2% and 15.2% in patients presenting with and without hyperglycemia, respectively (p<0.001). In univariate analysis, hyperglycemia was associated to in-hospital death in diabetic (OR: 8.85, 95% CI: 2.11-37.12, p<0.001) and non-diabetic patients (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.39-4.74, p=0.002). In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was independently predictive of in-hospital death in diabetic patients (OR: 9.6, 95% CI: 2.18-42.22, p=0.003) but not in non-diabetic patients (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 0.97-3.86, p=0.06). Area under ROC curve of glycemia as a predictor of in-hospital death was 0.792 in diabetic and 0.676 in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION In patients presenting with STEMI, hyperglycemia was associated to hospital death in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, hyperglycemia was independently associated to in-hospital death in diabetic but not in non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Jomaa
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Sana El Mhamdi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Ali
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed A Azaiez
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Aymen El Hraiech
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Khaldoun Ben Hamda
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Maatouk
- Cardiology B Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital and University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Qi Y, Wang W, Zhang K, An S, Wang S, Zheng J, Tang YD. Development and validation of Women Acute Myocardial Infarction in-Hospital Mortality Score (WAMI Score). Int J Cardiol 2018; 259:31-39. [PMID: 29579607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of risk models have been developed to predict acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in-hospital mortality risk. As a distinct, higher-risk population, women with AMI have different risk profiles from their men counterparts. Published researches have indicated that the interaction between variables in these models for in-hospital mortality and gender are significant. Due to the interaction and gender differences, the predicting value of these risk models for women could be controversial. METHODS Databases from the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (China PEACE) Retrospective AMI Study were utilized for model derivation (n=16,100, women were 4896) and databases from the China PEACE Prospective AMI Study for model validation (n=6207, women were 2090). A multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression was used to examine correlates of in-hospital mortality, and the variables were subsequently weighted and integrated into a scoring system. RESULTS We constructed a novel risk-predicting tool to estimate the baseline risk of in-hospital mortality among women with AMI. The risk score includes 8 variables [age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum glucose, Killip class, cardiac arrest, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF)]. The prognostic discriminatory capacity of the Women Acute Myocardial Infarction in-Hospital Mortality (WAMI) risk score was excellent (c statistic 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83 to 0.86, p<0.001). External validation of the model showed better prognostic capacity (c statistic 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84 to 0.90, p<0.001) than the GRACE risk score (0.77, 95% CI 0.72-0.82, p<0.001) and TIMI risk score (0.72, 95% CI 0.68-0.77, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The WAMI Score is a simple robust tool for predicting the in-hospital mortality risk of women with AMI. TRIAL REGISTRATION "China PEACE-Retrospective AMI Study", NCT01624883, retrospectively registered: April 2012. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: June 17, 2012. "China PEACE-Prospective AMI Study", NCT01624909, prospectively registered: December 2012. Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: June 17, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilin Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Da Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Coronary Heart Disease Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Carrasco-Sánchez F, Carretero-Gómez J, Gómez-Huelgas R, Garcia-Ordoñez M, Pardo-Ortega M, de Escalante-Yanguela B, Mateos-Polo L, Formiga F, Ena J. Hiperglucemia inducida por estrés en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados no críticos. Rev Clin Esp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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25
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Carrasco-Sánchez FJ, Carretero-Gómez J, Gómez-Huelgas R, Garcia-Ordoñez MA, Pardo-Ortega MV, de Escalante-Yanguela B, Mateos-Polo L, Formiga F, Ena J. Stress-induced hyperglycemia on complications in non-critically elderly hospitalized patients. Rev Clin Esp 2018; 218:223-231. [PMID: 29661504 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hospital complications and hyperglycemia are common in elderly patients during hospitalization. Our aim was to analyze the relationship between hyperglycemia and hospital complications in an ageing population. METHODS We conducted an observational study to evaluate the association between maximum blood glucose (MBG) levels and hospital complications. Patients were stratified according to the quartiles of MBG levels. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was determined by patient history and/or admission glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥6.5%. Hyperglycemia in patients without DM was defined as stress-induced hyperglycemia (SH). The composite primary end-point included frequent complications and/or all-cause hospital mortality. RESULTS Among 461 patients, mean age 80±7.5years, 238 (51.6%) patients had DM, 20 had undiagnosed DM, and 162 (35.1%) developed hospital complications. Patients with complications had higher mean daily BG levels (215±84 vs 195±85mg/dl, P<.01). The incidence of complications was directly associated with severity of hyperglycemia according to the quartiles of MBG levels in patients without DM, namely SH (<140 mg/dl, 22.2%; 140-185mg/dl, 40%; 186-250mg/dl, 47%; >250mg/dl, 60%; P=.002), but not in patients with DM (<140mg/dl, 26.3%; 140-185mg/dl, 40.4%; 186-250mg/dl, 35.6%; >250mg/dl, 37.4%; P=.748). In the multivariate analyses, SH was independently associated with complications: OR 2.60 (CI95%: 1.2-5.6), 2.82 (CI95%: 1.2-6.5), 5.50 (CI95%: 1.4-20.8) for the second, third and fourth quartile respectively (P=.01), as compared to the first quartile. We found no association with readmissions and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS SH in elderly patients is associated with hospital complications, but not with all-cause mortality, compared to patients with diabetes or normoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Carretero-Gómez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Zafra, Zafra, Badajoz, España
| | - R Gómez-Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, España; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, España
| | | | | | | | | | - F Formiga
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - J Ena
- Hospital de la Marina Baixa, la Vila Joiosa, Alicante, España
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Marenzi G, Cosentino N, Milazzo V, De Metrio M, Cecere M, Mosca S, Rubino M, Campodonico J, Moltrasio M, Marana I, Grazi M, Lauri G, Bonomi A, Veglia F, Manfrini R, Bartorelli AL. Prognostic Value of the Acute-to-Chronic Glycemic Ratio at Admission in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Study. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:847-853. [PMID: 29382659 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute hyperglycemia is a powerful predictor of poor prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), particularly in patients without diabetes. This emphasizes the importance of an acute glycemic rise rather than glycemia level at admission alone. We investigated in AMI whether the combined evaluation of acute and chronic glycemic levels, as compared with admission glycemia alone, may have a better prognostic value. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We prospectively measured admission glycemia and estimated average chronic glucose levels (mg/dL) by the following formula: [(28.7 × glycosylated hemoglobin %) - 46.7], and calculated the acute-to-chronic (A/C) glycemic ratio in 1,553 consecutive AMI patients (mean ± SD age 67 ± 13 years). The primary end point was the combination of in-hospital mortality, acute pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. RESULTS The primary end point rate increased in parallel with A/C glycemic ratio tertiles (5%, 8%, and 20%, respectively; P for trend <0.0001). A parallel increase was observed in troponin I peak value (15 ± 34 ng/mL, 34 ± 66 ng/mL, and 68 ± 131 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). At multivariable analysis, A/C glycemic ratio remained an independent predictor of the primary end point and of troponin I peak value, even after adjustment for major confounders. At reclassification analyses, A/C glycemic ratio showed the best prognostic power in predicting the primary end point as compared with glycemia at admission in the entire population (net reclassification improvement 12% [95% CI 4-20]; P = 0.003) and, particularly, in patients with diabetes (27% [95% CI 14-40]; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In AMI patients with diabetes, A/C glycemic ratio is a better predictor of in-hospital morbidity and mortality than glycemia at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Cosentino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Milazzo
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica De Metrio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Cecere
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Mosca
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Rubino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeness Campodonico
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Moltrasio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Marana
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Grazi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Lauri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Manfrini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio L Bartorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Perez de la Hoz RA, Swieszkowski SP, Cintora FM, Aladio JM, Papini CM, Matsudo M, Scazziota AS. Neuroendocrine System Regulatory Mechanisms: Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stress Hyperglycaemia. Eur Cardiol 2018; 13:29-34. [PMID: 30310467 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2017:19:3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurohormonal systems are activated in the early phase of acute coronary syndromes to preserve circulatory homeostasis, but prolonged action of these stress hormones might be deleterious. Cortisol reaches its peak at 8 hours after the onset of symptoms, and individuals who have continued elevated levels present a worse prognosis. Catecholamines reach 100-1,000-fold their normal plasma concentration within 30 minutes of ischaemia, therefore inducing the propagation of myocardial damage. Stress hyperglycaemia induces inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and also has procoagulant and prothrombotic effects. Patients with hyperglycaemia and no diabetes elevated in-hospital and 12-month mortality rates. Hyperglycaemia in patients without diabetes has been shown to be an appropriate independent mortality prognostic factor in this type of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maia Matsudo
- School of Medicine, Buenos Aires University Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lee TF, Burt MG, Heilbronn LK, Mangoni AA, Wong VW, McLean M, Cheung NW. Relative hyperglycemia is associated with complications following an acute myocardial infarction: a post-hoc analysis of HI-5 data. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:157. [PMID: 29233143 PMCID: PMC5725905 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated whether complications after AMI are associated with absolute or relative glycemia. Methods A total of 192 patients with AMI were randomized to intensive or conventional insulin therapy. Absolute glycemia was defined as mean blood glucose level (BGL) during the first 24 h following randomization. Relative glycemia was defined by the stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), calculated as mean BGL divided by average glucose concentration over the prior 3 months estimated from glycosylated haemoglobin. The primary endpoint was a “complicated AMI”, defined as an AMI complicated by death, congestive cardiac failure, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, reinfarction, cardiogenic shock, inotrope use or emergency revascularization. Results There was not a significant association between mean BGL and complicated AMI (odds ratio (OR) 1.05 per mmol/L glucose increment, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.93–1.19). In contrast, SHR was positively associated with a complicated myocardial infarction (OR 1.22 per 0.1 SHR increment, 95% CI 1.06–1.42), and individual complications of death (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.11), congestive cardiac failure (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.54), arrhythmia (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.54) and cardiogenic shock (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.97). The relationship between SHR and a complicated AMI was independent of diabetic status, intensive insulin therapy, sex and hypoglycemia. Conclusions Relative, but not absolute, glycemia during insulin treatment is independently associated with complications after an AMI. Future studies should investigate whether basing therapeutic glycaemic targets on relative glycemia improves patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien F Lee
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. .,Southern Adelaide Diabetes & Endocrine Services, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, Adelaide, SA, 5041, Australia.
| | - Morton G Burt
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.,Southern Adelaide Diabetes & Endocrine Services, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, Adelaide, SA, 5041, Australia
| | | | | | - Vincent W Wong
- Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark McLean
- Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - N Wah Cheung
- Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Kim EJ, Jeong MH, Kim JH, Ahn TH, Seung KB, Oh DJ, Kim HS, Gwon HC, Seong IW, Hwang KK, Chae SC, Kim KB, Kim YJ, Cha KS, Oh SK, Chae JK. Clinical impact of admission hyperglycemia on in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:9-15. [PMID: 28126258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia on admission is common in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients regardless of diabetic status, and is known as one of prognostic factors. However, the effect of hyperglycemia on non-diabetic patients is still on debate. METHODS A total of 12,625 AMI patients (64.0±12.6years, 26.1% female) who were enrolled in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institute of Health between November 2011 and December 2015, were classified into 4367 diabetes (65.4±11.6years, 30.4% female) and 8228 non-diabetes (63.3±13years, 23.9% female). Patients were analyzed for in-hospital clinical outcome according to admission hyperglycemic status. RESULTS In diabetic patients, independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were old age, high HbA1C, pre-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 0, left ventricle ejection fraction<40%, cardiogenic shock and ventricular tachycardia. In non-diabetic patients, independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were old age, high admission glucose (≥200mg/dL), pre TIMI flow 0, failed percutaneous coronary intervention, low left ventricle ejection fraction<40%, cardiogenic shock, stent thrombosis and decreased Hb≥5g/dL. In hospital mortality was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients (5.0% vs. 3.4%, p<0.001). However, non-diabetic patients with hyperglycemia have significantly higher mortality compared to diabetic patients (17.4% vs. 7.2%, p<0.001). Comorbidity including cardiogenic shock (p<0.001), cerebral hemorrhage (p=0.012), decreased Hb≥5g/dL (p=0.013), atrioventricular block (p<0.001) and ventricular tachycardia (p=0.007) was higher in non-diabetic with hyperglycemia than in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore clinical significance of admission hyperglycemia on in-hospital mortality in non-diabetic AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Ahn
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bae Seung
- The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Joo Oh
- Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Gwon
- Sungkyunkwan Universtiy Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Whan Seong
- Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Kuk Hwang
- Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Bae Kim
- Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jo Kim
- Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Cha
- Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kyu Oh
- Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei Keon Chae
- Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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An Elevated Glycemic Gap is Associated with Adverse Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27770. [PMID: 27291987 PMCID: PMC4904212 DOI: 10.1038/srep27770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hyperglycemia is a frequent finding in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The prognostic role of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients with AMI remains controversial. We retrospectively reviewed patients' medical records to obtain demographic data, clinical presentation, major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), several clinical scores and laboratory data, including the plasma glucose level at initial presentation and HbA1c levels. The glycemic gap, which represents changes in serum glucose levels during the index event, was calculated from the glucose level upon ED admission minus the HbA1c-derived average glucose (ADAG). We enrolled 331 patients after the review of medical records. An elevated glycemic gap between admission serum glucose levels and ADAG were associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients. The glycemic gap showed superior discriminative power regarding the development of MACEs when compared with the admission glucose level. The calculation of the glycemic gap may increase the discriminative powers of established clinical scoring systems in diabetic patients presenting to the ED with AMI. In conclusion, the glycemic gap could be used as an adjunct parameter to assess the severity and prognosis of diabetic patients presenting with AMI. However, the usefulness of the glycemic gap should be further explored in prospective longitudinal studies.
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Koracevic GP. Proposal of a New Approach to Study and Categorize Stress Hyperglycemia in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Emerg Med 2016; 51:31-6. [PMID: 27041491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is a valid prognosticator of in-hospital complications and mortality in the intensive care unit, and is universally available, simple, and cost-effective. Even small refinements of SH can improve the risk stratification of patients with one of the most important diseases today-acute myocardial infarction (AMI). OBJECTIVE The aim of the review was to analyze whether SH nomenclature and methodology have been consistent in the medical literature in order to identify possible methodological faults and to suggest possible solutions. DISCUSSION SH nomenclature and glycemic targets have been relatively uniform in recent years, but there has been a pronounced variability in the methodology. Recent meta-analysis showed that AMI patients with new hyperglycemia had a 3.6-fold increased risk of mortality during hospitalization in comparison to those who were normoglycemic. Four SH methodological mistakes were identified. First, using one cutoff value for SH instead of two different values (one for patients with diabetes mellitus [DM] and one for patients without DM). Second, analyzing, for example, either tertiles or quintiles without dividing AMI patients into subgroups according to their DM status. Third, studying only two subgroups (with SH and without SH), without determining the presence of DM, when DM is not analyzed. Fourth, failure to measure glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS The same admission blood glucose (BG) is a marker of different mortality risks in diabetic compared to nondiabetic AMI patients. For example, when admission BG is 108-126 mg/dL (6-7 mmol/L), then the risk of in-hospital mortality is higher in DM patients; however, with an admission BG of 162-180 mg/dL (9-10 mmol/L), the risk is lower in diabetic patients. We can improve the clinical utility of the admission BG in AMI if we analyze four groups of patients (those with and without previously diagnosed DM, and above and below the admission glycemia cutoff values for in-hospital mortality). Those cutoffs should be calculated separately for diabetic and nondiabetic AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran P Koracevic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center and Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Eppinga RN, Hartman MHT, van Veldhuisen DJ, Lexis CPH, Connelly MA, Lipsic E, van der Horst ICC, van der Harst P, Dullaart RPF. Effect of Metformin Treatment on Lipoprotein Subfractions in Non-Diabetic Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Glycometabolic Intervention as Adjunct to Primary Coronary Intervention in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (GIPS-III) Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145719. [PMID: 26808474 PMCID: PMC4726568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Metformin affects low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density (HDL) subfractions in the context of impaired glucose tolerance, but its effects in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are unknown. We determined whether metformin administration affects lipoprotein subfractions 4 months after ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI). Second, we assessed associations of lipoprotein subfractions with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and infarct size 4 months after STEMI. Methods 371 participants without known diabetes participating in the GIPS-III trial, a placebo controlled, double-blind randomized trial studying the effect of metformin (500 mg bid) during 4 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI were included of whom 317 completed follow-up (clinicaltrial.gov Identifier: NCT01217307). Lipoprotein subfractions were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at presentation, 24 hours and 4 months after STEMI. (Apo)lipoprotein measures were obtained during acute STEMI and 4 months post-STEMI. LVEF and infarct size were measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Results Metformin treatment slightly decreased LDL cholesterol levels (adjusted P = 0.01), whereas apoB remained unchanged. Large LDL particles and LDL size were also decreased after metformin treatment (adjusted P<0.001). After adjustment for covariates, increased small HDL particles at 24 hours after STEMI predicted higher LVEF (P = 0.005). In addition, increased medium-sized VLDL particles at the same time point predicted a smaller infarct size (P<0.001). Conclusion LDL cholesterol and large LDL particles were decreased during 4 months treatment with metformin started early after MI. Higher small HDL and medium VLDL particle concentrations are associated with favorable LVEF and infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben N. Eppinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Minke H. T. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chris P. H. Lexis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Lipsic
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iwan C. C. van der Horst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Critical Care, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Department of Endocrinology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Chen PC, Liao WI, Wang YC, Chang WC, Hsu CW, Chen YH, Tsai SH. An Elevated Glycemic Gap is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Diabetic Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1456. [PMID: 26313809 PMCID: PMC4602897 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies argue against the association between admission hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes in infected diabetic patients. When investigating the association, it is necessary to consider preexisting hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to assess whether stress-induced hyperglycemia, determined by the glycemic gap between admission glucose levels and A1c-derived average glucose levels adversely affects outcomes in diabetic patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).We retrospectively analyzed the glycemic gap and adverse outcomes of diabetic patients hospitalized because of CAP from June 1, 2007 to August 31, 2012 in single medical center in Taiwan.A total of 203 patients admitted with principal diagnosis of CAP and available data of glycemic gap.Patients with glycemic gaps ≥40 mg/dL had greater AUROC values for the development of adverse outcomes compared with acute hyperglycemia and long-term glycemic controls. Patients with an elevated glycemic gap had an odds ratio of 3.84 for the incidence of combined adverse outcomes. Incorporation of the glycemic gap into pneumonia severity index, CURB-65 or SMART-COP scores, increased the discriminative performance of predicting the development of adverse outcomes.Glycemic gaps were associated with adverse outcomes of diabetic CAP patients. The discriminative performance of the calculated glycemic gaps was comparable with those of current clinical scoring systems and may further increase the AUROC of each system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chuan Chen
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine (PCC, WIL, YHC, SHT); Department of Family Medicine (YCW); Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center (WCC); and Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (CWH)
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