1
|
Marin-Tun CG, Torres-Acosta JFDJ, Capetillo-Leal CM, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H, Borges-Argáez R, Mancilla-Montelongo MG. The in vitro rumen exsheathment test for studying the effect of plant extracts on the exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110184. [PMID: 38643645 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
This study applied the in vitro rumen exsheathment test (IVRET) to evaluate the exsheathment kinetics of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) incubated in ruminal liquor (RL) containing acetone:water extracts of Acacia pennatula (AP), Gymnopodium floribundum (GF), Havardia albicans (HA) or Lysiloma latisiliquum (LL). The role of polyphenols in the biological activity of the evaluated extracts was also determined. Larvae were incubated in RL either alone or added with a different plant extract (AP, GF, HA, or LL) at 1200 μg/mL. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to block polyphenols in each treatment (RL+PEG, AP+PEG, GF+PEG, HA+PEG, and LL+PEG). After incubation times of 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 24 h, the exsheathment process was stopped to count the number of ensheathed and exsheathed L3. A Log-Logistic model was used to determine the L3 exsheathment kinetics in the different RL treatments. The inflection point of the respective kinetic curves, which indicates the time to reach 50 % exsheathed L3 (T50), was the only parameter that differed when comparing the exsheathment models (99 % probability of difference). The T50 values obtained for GF, HA, and LL treatments (T50 = 7.11 - 7.58 h) were higher in comparison to the T50 of RL (5.72 h) (≥ 70 % probability of difference). The L3 incubated in RL added with GF, HA, and LL extracts delayed their exsheathment at 3 and 6 h of incubation (28.71 - 48.06 % exsheathment reduction) compared to the RL treatment. The T50 value for AP, AP+PEG, GF+PEG, HA+PEG, and LL+PEG were similar to RL and RL+PEG (T50 = 5.34 - 6.97 h). In conclusion, the IVRET can be used to identify plants with the potential to delay the exsheathment of H. contortus L3 in the ruminal liquor. The acetone:water extracts of G. floribundum, H. albicans, and L. latisiliquum delayed the T50 of H. contortus exsheathment, which was evident at 3 and 6 h of incubation in ruminal liquor. The observed exsheathment delay was attributed to the polyphenol content of the extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Goretti Marin-Tun
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97315, Mexico
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97315, Mexico
| | - Concepción Manuela Capetillo-Leal
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97315, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97315, Mexico
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRAE UMR 1225 Interactions Hôte Agents Pathogènes, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F31076, France
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97200, Mexico
| | - María Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONAHCYT - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mérida C.P. 97315, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Production and meat quality attributes of lambs fed varying levels of Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal as replacement for Triticum aestivum bran. Meat Sci 2022; 196:109042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Effects of feeding sainfoin proanthocyanidins to lactating ewes on intake, milk production and plasma metabolites. Animal 2022; 16:100438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
4
|
Xie B, Yang X, Yang L, Wen X, Zhao G. Adding polyethylene glycol to steer ration containing sorghum tannins increases crude protein digestibility and shifts nitrogen excretion from feces to urine. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:779-786. [PMID: 34466682 PMCID: PMC8384769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the experiment were to study the effects of adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to steer ration containing high sorghum tannins on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) balance and plasma biochemical parameters. Eight growing steers at 16 months of age were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 treatments and 4 periods (19 d each). Polyethylene glycol at 0, 1.75, 3.50 and 7.00 g/kg dry matter (DM) were added to a basal ration containing 27.82% DM of sorghum grain (total tannins 3.3 g/kg DM) as the treatments. The results indicated that adding PEG quadratically increased the ruminal pH (P = 0.049), tended to linearly increase the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.070), increased the molar proportion of acetate (P = 0.016), linearly decreased the molar proportion of butyrate (P = 0.015), and tended to increase the molar proportion of iso-valerate (P = 0.061) and the ruminal concentration of ammonia N (P = 0.092). Adding PEG tended to quadratically decrease the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea (P = 0.082), linearly decreased the relative abundance of Fibrobacter succinogenes (P = 0.008) and decreased the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (P = 0.048) at 7.00 g/kg DM. Dietary addition with PEG increased the crude protein (CP) digestibility (P < 0.001) and tended to increase the neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.066) in a linear manner. Adding PEG to basal ration also increased the plasma globulin concentration (P = 0.029) and tended to linearly increase the plasma total protein concentration (P = 0.069). Adding PEG linearly decreased the fecal N excretion (P < 0.001) and the fecal N-to-total N excretion ratio (P = 0.004) and increased the urinary N-to-total N excretion ratio (P = 0.004) and urinary urea excretion (P = 0.010) without affecting the urinary N and total N excretions (P > 0.05). It was concluded that adding PEG effectively improved the CP digestibility of the ration containing high sorghum tannins but increased the urinary urea excretion without improving the N retention and N retention rate in steers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 030600, Jinzhong, China
| | - Xianjiang Wen
- Sorghum Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 030600, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de S. Costa E, Ribiero C, Silva T, Ribeiro R, Vieira J, de O. Lima A, Barbosa A, Silva Júnior JD, Bezerra L, Oliveira R. Intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, serum metabolites and growth performance of lambs supplemented with Acacia mearnsii condensed tannin extract. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Raw or technologically treated proteaginous seeds as alternatives to soybean meal for dairy cows: Comparative evaluation by meta-analysis of in situ and in vivo digestive parameters, nitrogen partition and dairy performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Silveira Pimentel PR, Barcellos de Pellegrini C, Meira Galvão J, Santos Brant LM, Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro C, Mariniello Silva T, Barbosa AM, Miguel da Silva Júnior J, Rocha Bezerra L, Lopes Oliveira R. Performance, digestibility, nitrogen balance and ingestive behaviour of goat kids fed diets supplemented with condensed tannins from Acacia mearnsii extract. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an19317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Tannins are phenolic compounds derived from secondary plant metabolism that at moderate levels can limit the excessive degradation of the protein in the rumen and provide greater amino acids availability in the small intestine.
Aims
Two experiments were performed to determine the best level of inclusion of condensed tannins (CT) from Acacia mearnsii extract in the diet of goat kids. An experiment was performed with 32 castrated crossbreed Boer goat kids, with a mean age of 4 months and mean bodyweight (BW) of 19.7 ± 2.05 kg, to measure nutrient intake and performance, and another experiment was developed with 20 Boer goat kids, at 5 months of age and 29.0 ± 2.45 kg BW, in which the digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, microbial protein synthesis, ingestive behaviour and blood urea N were determined. In both experiments, a completely randomised design was used, including CT levels at 0, 16, 32 and 48 g/kg DM.
Results
DM; crude protein; ether extract; neutral detergent fibre (NDF); non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients intakes, ether extract digestibility; time spent on ruminating, idling or chewing; number of chews per bolus; eating and ruminating rate of DM and NDF; N intake and retained, blood urea N and loin eye area were not affected (P > 0.05) by the addition of CT from A. mearnsii extract in the goat kid diets. However, the NDF g/kg BW and BW0.75 intakes and N faecal excretion showed a linear increase (P < 0.05). There was a linear increase trend (P < 0.1) in time spent eating, and a linear decrease on N urinary excretion by CT from A. mearnsii extract inclusion. The digestibility of DM, crude protein, NDF, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients exhibited a linear decrease (P < 0.05) by CT from A. mearnsii extract inclusion. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in synthesis and microbial efficiency, final BW, average daily gain, total gain, gain:feed ratio, and hot and cold carcass weights and yields.
Conclusion
The inclusion of CT from A. mearnsii extract up to 17.7 g/kg DM is recommended, as it improves the synthesis and efficiency of microbial production, increasing the gain:feed ratio and performance of goat kids.
Implications
The use of condensed tannins from A. mearnsii does not affect the nutrient intakes on goat kids’ diet and also improves performance and carcass trait of these animals.
Collapse
|
8
|
Buffa G, Mangia NP, Cesarani A, Licastro D, Sorbolini S, Pulina G, Nudda A. Agroindustrial by-products from tomato, grape and myrtle given at low dosage to lactating dairy ewes: effects on rumen parameters and microbiota. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1848465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Buffa
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - N. P. Mangia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Cesarani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - D. Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome sequencing, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Sorbolini
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G. Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lagrange S, Beauchemin KA, MacAdam J, Villalba JJ. Grazing diverse combinations of tanniferous and non-tanniferous legumes: Implications for beef cattle performance and environmental impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140788. [PMID: 32758982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We tested the effect of increasingly diverse combinations of tanniferous legumes (birdsfoot trefoil-BFT, sainfoin-SF) and alfalfa (ALF) on cattle performance, methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) balance. Pairs of heifers (401 ± 49.6 kg) grazed three spatial replications of 7 treatments (n = 3/treatment): monocultures (BFT, SF, ALF) and all possible 2- and 3-way choices among strips of these legumes in a completely randomized block design of two 15-d periods during 2 consecutive years. Average daily gains (ADG) of heifers grazing the tanniferous legumes (1.05 kg/d) were 40% greater (p < 0.10) than of heifers grazing ALF (0.74 kg/d) during the first year. Heifers grazing the 3-way choice had greater intakes (10.4 vs 7.8 kg/d; p = 0.064) and ADG (1.21 vs. 0.95 kg/d, p = 0.054) than those grazing monocultures, suggesting a nutritional synergism among legumes. The average CH4 emissions for legume monocultures vs. 2- and 3- way choices was 222 vs. 202 and 162 g/kg BW gain (p > 0.10), respectively. For heifers grazing SF and BFT compared with ALF, blood urea N was less (14.3 and 16.8 vs 20.8 mg/dL; p < 0.05) as were urinary N concentrations (3.7 and 3.5 vs 6.0 g/L; p < 0.05), but fecal N concentrations were greater (34.5 and 35.5 vs 30.5 g/kg, respectively; p < 0.05). Combining both tanniferous legumes (SF-BFT) led to the greatest declines in urinary N (2.24 g/L) and urea-N (1.71 g/L) concentration, suggesting that different types of tannins in different legumes result in associative effects that enhance N economy. In addition, heifers grazing 3-way choices partitioned less N into urine (40.7 vs 50.6%; p = 0.037) and retained more N (36.1 vs 25.2%, p = 0.046) than heifers grazing monocultures. In summary, combinations of tanniferous legumes with alfalfa improved animal performance and reduced environmental impacts relative to monocultures, resulting in a more sustainable approach to beef production in pasture-based finishing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lagrange
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Bordenave, Buenos Aires 8187, Argentina.
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1K 4H3, Canada
| | - Jennifer MacAdam
- Department of Plant, Soil & Climate, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Juan J Villalba
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Distel RA, Arroquy JI, Lagrange S, Villalba JJ. Designing Diverse Agricultural Pastures for Improving Ruminant Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.596869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
11
|
Roca-Fernández AI, Dillard SL, Soder KJ. Ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production of legumes containing condensed tannins fed in continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7028-7038. [PMID: 32475672 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A continuous-culture fermentor study was conducted to assess nutrient digestibilities, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, microbial protein synthesis, bacterial nitrogen (N) efficiency, and enteric methane (CH4) production of four 50:50 grass-legume diets, randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Four legumes with different concentrations of condensed tannins (CT) were tested: alfalfa [ALF; Medicago sativa L., non-CT legume]; birdsfoot trefoil [BFT; Lotus corniculatus L., low-CT legume]; crown vetch [CV; Securigera varia (L.) Lassen, moderate-CT legume]; and sericea lespedeza [SL; Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, high-CT legume]. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was the common forage used in all diets. Four fermentors were evaluated over four 10-d periods by feeding 82 g of dry matter (DM)/d in 4 equal feedings. Methane output was recorded every 10 min. Effluent samples were collected during the last 3 d of the experiment, composited by fermentor and period, and analyzed for pH and VFA, as well as DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber for determination of apparent and true nutrient digestibilities. Microbial protein synthesis and bacterial efficiency were estimated by analysis of N flows and purines. The CT concentrations were 3, 21, 38 and 76 g/kg of DM for ALF, BFT, CV, and SL diets, respectively. The SL diet had decreased fiber digestibilities and total VFA concentrations compared with the other diets. This resulted in the least total CH4 production in the SL diet. Bacterial N efficiency per kilogram of organic matter truly digested was lower in the SL diet than in the BFT and CV diets. The lowest CH4 production per unit of digestible nutrients was also found in the SL diet. Further work should be conducted to find optimal diets (by testing other legumes, rations, and sources of CT) for reducing CH4 emissions without negatively affecting ruminal digestion to maintain or improve productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Roca-Fernández
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702
| | - S Leanne Dillard
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702
| | - Kathy J Soder
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802-3702.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Potential Effect of Dietary Tannins on Enteric Methane Emission and Ruminant Production, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Feed Additives – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic growth promoters in livestock nutrition cause microbial resistance which produces threats to human health. Therefore, tannins have been considered as natural alternative antibiotic feed additives which possess various biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. Additionally, these plants also have antiparasitic and anti-bloat characteristics which contribute to inhibit the enteric methane emission in order to improve nutrient digestibility, milk and meat quality, fatty acids composition and ruminant production. Antibiotic growth promoters have been practiced in animals feeding to increase feed intake, growth rate, weight gain as well as reduce metabolic disorders and energy losses in the rumen. In 2006, the European Union banned the usage of antibiotic growth promoters in the feeding of livestock. This antibiotic resistance issue has increased demand to explore the natural feed additives that might be useful for animal production system. Consequently, natural forages have been categorized as potential feed additives in animal production since it improves nutritive value, protein digestibility, increase amino acid absorption and growth rate. But, some plant materials are usually rich in tannins known as anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, the application of tannin-rich plants in ruminant nutrition needs great precaution due to its possible injurious effects (dose dependent) on animal health such as metabolic disorders. Hence, there is need to give attention to the usage of tannins in ruminant nutrition as an alternative to antibiotics feed additives to investigate its effects on enteric methane emissions and ruminants production. In addition, safety and risk associated with tannins feeding have also been briefly discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tseu RJ, Perna Junior F, Carvalho RF, Sene GA, Tropaldi CB, Peres AH, Rodrigues PHM. Effect of tannins and monensin on feeding behaviour, feed intake, digestive parameters and microbial efficiency of nellore cows. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1729667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramos Jorge Tseu
- Department of Animal Production, Veterinary College, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Flavio Perna Junior
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ferreira Carvalho
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Acácio Sene
- Department of Animal Science of the College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Barbosa Tropaldi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Alice Helena Peres
- Department of Animal Science of the College of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), of University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of Dried Leaves of Leucaena leucocephala on Rumen Fermentation, Rumen Microbial Population, and Enteric Methane Production in Crossbred Heifers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020300. [PMID: 32069951 PMCID: PMC7070482 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of dried Leucaena leucocephala leaves (DLL) on nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters, microbial rumen population, and production of enteric methane (CH4) in crossbred heifers were evaluated. Four heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four periods and four levels of inclusion of DLL: 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% of dry matter (DM) intake. Results showed that DM intake (DMI), organic matter intake, and gross energy intake (GEI) were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and energy decreased with increasing levels of DLL in the ration (p < 0.05). In contrast, digestible crude protein (CP) was higher (p < 0.05) in treatments with 12% and 24% DM of DLL. The inclusion of DLL did not affect (p > 0.05) rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids. Rumen microbial community was not affected (p > 0.05) by treatment. There was a linear reduction (p < 0.05) in CH4 emissions as the levels of DLL in the ration were increased. Results of this study suggest that an inclusion of 12% DM of ration as DLL enhances digestible CP and reduces daily production of enteric CH4 without adversely affecting DMI, rumen microbial population, and fermentation parameters.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakinah N, Prangdimurti E, Palupi NS. KANDUNGAN GIZI DAN MUTU PROTEIN TEPUNG BIJI KELOR TERFERMENTASI. JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN INDUSTRI PANGAN 2019. [DOI: 10.6066/jtip.2019.30.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
16
|
Lagrange S, Villalba JJ. Tannin-containing legumes and forage diversity influence foraging behavior, diet digestibility, and nitrogen excretion by lambs1,2. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:3994-4009. [PMID: 31372657 PMCID: PMC6735941 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse combinations of forages with different nutrient profiles and plant secondary compounds may improve intake and nutrient utilization by ruminants. We tested the influence of diverse dietary combinations of tannin- (sainfoin-Onobrichis viciifolia; birdsfoot trefoil-Lotus corniculatus) and non-tannin- (alfalfa-Medicago sativa L.) containing legumes on intake and diet digestibility in lambs. Freshly cut birdsfoot trefoil, alfalfa, and sainfoin were offered in ad libitum amounts to 42 lambs in individual pens assigned to 7 treatments (6 animals/treatment): 1) single forage species (sainfoin [SF], birdsfoot trefoil [BFT], and alfalfa [ALF]), 2) all possible 2-way choices of the 3 forage species (alfalfa-sainfoin [ALF-SF], alfalfa-birdsfoot trefoil [ALF-BFT], and sainfoin-birdsfoot trefoil [SF-BFT]), or 3) a choice of all 3 forages (alfalfa-sainfoin-birdsfoot trefoil [ALF-SF-BFT]). Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater in ALF than in BFT (P = 0.002), and DMI in SF tended to be greater than in BFT (P = 0.053). However, when alfalfa was offered in a choice with either of the tannin-containing legumes (ALF-SF; ALF-BFT), DMI did not differ from ALF, whereas DMI in SF-BFT did not differ from SF (P > 0.10). When lambs were allowed to choose between 2 or 3 legume species, DMI was greater (36.6 vs. 33.2 g/kg BW; P = 0.038) or tended to be greater (37.4 vs. 33.2 g/kg BW; P = 0.067) than when lambs were fed single species, respectively. Intake did not differ between 2- or 3-way choice treatments (P = 0.723). Lambs preferred alfalfa over the tannin-containing legumes in a 70:30 ratio for 2-way choices, and alfalfa > sainfoin > birdsfoot trefoil in a 53:33:14 ratio for the 3-way choice. In vivo digestibility (DMD) was SF > BFT (72.0% vs. 67.7%; P = 0.012) and DMD in BFT tended to be greater than in ALF (64.6%; P = 0.061). Nevertheless, when alfalfa was offered in a choice with either sainfoin or birdsfoot trefoil (ALF-SF; ALF-BFT), DMD was greater than ALF (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively), suggesting positive associative effects. The SF treatment had lower blood urea nitrogen and greater fecal N/N intake ratios than the ALF, BFT, or ALF-BFT treatments (P < 0.05), implying a shift in the site of N excretion from urine to feces. In conclusion, offering diverse combinations of legumes to sheep enhanced intake and diet digestibility relative to feeding single species, while allowing for the incorporation of beneficial bioactive compounds like condensed tannins into the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lagrange
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Bordenave, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Villalba
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gas production kinetics and in vitro degradability of tannin-containing legumes, alfalfa and their mixtures. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Effects of feeding UFA-rich cold-pressed oilseed cakes and sainfoin on dairy ewes’ milk fatty acid profile and curd sensory properties. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
19
|
Nudda A, Buffa G, Atzori A, Cappai M, Caboni P, Fais G, Pulina G. Small amounts of agro-industrial byproducts in dairy ewes diets affects milk production traits and hematological parameters. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
Nizioł J, Misiorek M, Ruman T. Mass spectrometry imaging of low molecular weight metabolites in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cv. Primoris with 109Ag nanoparticle enhanced target. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 159:11-19. [PMID: 30551117 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch., Rosaceae) is the subject of many research studies due to its numerous features such as unique taste, aroma and health qualities. The distribution of low molecular weight metabolites belonging to aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, organic acids, phenolics, amino acids and sugars classes within strawberry fruit cross-section was studied using mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) method with 109Ag nanoparticle enhanced target (109AgNPET). Correlation of distribution of over thirty compounds found in cross-section of strawberry with their biological function is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nizioł
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Maria Misiorek
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
dos Santos NJA, Barbosa AM, Voltolini TV, Menezes DR, Souza CM, Bezerra LR, Lanna DPD, Ribeiro CVDM, Oliveira RL. Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the meat of lambs fed cassava silage and dry tamarind (Tamarindus indica). ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of the addition of dry tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) residue to cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) silage on the carcass traits, quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat. Forty 6-month-old (±2 days) castrated lambs (crossbred Santa Ines × mixed breed) with initial bodyweights of 22.1 ± 3.0 kg were used in a completely randomised design with four treatments (0, 100, 200 or 300 g/kg of DM of dry tamarind residue) and 10 replicates (animals). There was a significant increase in hot carcass weight (P < 0.001) and loin weight (P = 0.04); however, there were no effects on final bodyweight, average daily weight gain, slaughter weight, weights of other commercial cuts, shear force, lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*), lipid profile, ash content, initial and final pH value and cooking weight loss. There was a significant (P < 0.001) quadratic reduction in water-holding capacity with an increasing tamarind residue content. The addition of tamarind residue to cassava silage linearly decreased the lauric (C12:0; P = 0.01) and stearic (C18:0; P = 0.01) fatty acid concentrations (total saturated fatty acids, ΣSFA) (P = 0.03) and the ratio of ΣSFA to unsaturated fatty acids (ΣSFA:ΣUFA; P = 0.04). However, there were linear increases in the C18:2 cis9, cis12 concentration (P = 0.04), polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6 concentration (P = 0.05), ΣUFA (P = 0.03) and the Σn-6:Σn-3 ratio (P = 0.01) in the lamb meat. Dry tamarind can be added to cassava up to a level of 300 g/kg of DM without any negative effects on the performance or meat quality, and it increases the yield of the loin cut, polyunsaturated fatty acid n–6 and ΣUFA, which makes the lamb meat healthier.
Collapse
|
22
|
Silva Soares SC, de Lima GC, Carlos Laurentiz A, Féboli A, dos Anjos LA, de Paula Carlis MS, da Silva Filardi R, da Silva de Laurentiz R. In vitro anthelmintic activity of grape pomace extract against gastrointestinal nematodes of naturally infected sheep. Int J Vet Sci Med 2018; 6:243-247. [PMID: 30564603 PMCID: PMC6286422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace obtained as a byproduct of industrial processing of grapes retains nutrients and substances with anthelmintic potential such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Therefore, this study evaluated the in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of hydroalcoholic grape pomace extract against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. The anthelmintic evaluation was performed by in vitro assays with eggs and larvae of nematodes obtained from naturally infected donor sheep. The grape pomace extract showed high in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity with LD50 values of 0.30 mg/mL for egg hatching inhibition, 1.01 mg/mL for larval development inhibition and 100% efficacy in larval migration inhibition assays at all concentrations evaluated. The effect of tannins was evaluated by the addition of 50 mg/mL polyvinyl polypyrrolidone to grape pomace extract at the concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. The in vitro ovicidal activity of grape pomace was reduced by only 15% after polyvinyl polypyrrolidone addition, indicating that other phytochemicals also contribute to the ovicidal activity displayed by the extract. Our results demonstrate that grape pomace exhibits in vitro anthelmintic activity, suggesting that, beyond its nutritional potential, this pomace can also be an ally for gastrointestinal nematode control in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Carolina Silva Soares
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Cotrin de Lima
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Laurentiz
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Féboli
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Luciano Alves dos Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Souza de Paula Carlis
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rosimeire da Silva Filardi
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rosangela da Silva de Laurentiz
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of feeding Lespedeza cuneata pellets with Medicago sativa hay to sheep: Nutritional impact, characterization and degradation of condensed tannin during digestion. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
24
|
Vissers AM, Pellikaan WF, Bouwhuis A, Vincken JP, Gruppen H, Hendriks WH. Laminaria digitata phlorotannins decrease protein degradation and methanogenesis during in vitro ruminal fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:3644-3650. [PMID: 29250785 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlorotannins (PhTs) are marine tannins consisting of phloroglucinol subunits connected via carbon-carbon and ether linkages. These have non-covalent protein binding properties and are, therefore, expected to be beneficial in protecting protein from hydrolysis during ruminal fermentation. In this study, the effectiveness of a methanolic PhTs extract from Laminaria digitata (10, 20, 40, 50, 75 and 100 g kg-1 tannin-free grass silage, with or without addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), was investigated in vitro on protection of dietary protein and reduction of methane (CH4 ) in ruminal fluid. RESULTS Addition of PhTs had linear (P < 0.0001) and quadratic (P = 0.0003) effects on gas and CH4 production, respectively. Optimal dosage of PhTs was 40 g kg-1 as at this point CH4 decreased (P < 0.0001) from 24.5 to 15.2 mL g-1 organic matter (OM), without affecting gas production (P = 0.3115) and total volatile fatty acids (P = 1.000). Ammonia trended (P = 0.0903) to decrease from 0.49 to 0.39 mmol g-1 OM, indicating protection of protein. Addition of PEG inhibited the effect of tannins at all dosage levels, and none of the fermentation parameters differed from the control. CONCLUSION PhTs effectively protected protein from fermentation and reduced ruminal methanogenesis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Vissers
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert F Pellikaan
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Bouwhuis
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Wageningen University and Research, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Bornse Weilanden, WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Peng K, Huang Q, Xu Z, McAllister TA, Acharya S, Mueller-Harvey I, Drake C, Cao J, Huang Y, Sun Y, Wang S, Wang Y. Characterization of Condensed Tannins from Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.) Conserved as either Freeze-Dried Forage, Sun-Cured Hay or Silage. Molecules 2018; 23:E586. [PMID: 29509678 PMCID: PMC6017389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation methods have been shown to affect forage nutrient composition and value, but little information is available about the effect of forage conservation on plant condensed tannins (CT). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of conservation method on the concentration, chemical composition and biological activity of CT. Whole-plant purple prairie clover (PPC, Dalea purpurea Vent.) was harvested at full flower and conserved as freeze-dried forage (FD), hay (HAY) or silage (SIL). Concentration of CT in conserved PPC was determined by the butanol-HCl-acetone method. Structural composition, protein-precipitation capacity and anti-bacterial activity of CT isolated from conserved forage were determined by in situ thiolytic degradation followed by HPLC-MS analysis, a protein precipitation assay using bovine serum albumin and ribulose 1,5-disphosphate carboxylase as model proteins and by an Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth test, respectively. Conservation method had no effect on concentration of total CT, but ensiling decreased (p < 0.001) extractable CT and increased (p < 0.001) protein- and fiber-bound CT. In contrast, hay-making only increased (p < 0.01) protein-bound CT. Regardless of conservation method, epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C) and epicatechin (EC) were the major flavan-3-ol units, and gallocatechin (GC) was absent from both terminal and extension units of PPC CT. The SIL CT had the lowest (p < 0.001) EGC, but the highest (p < 0.01) EC in the extension units. Similarly, SIL CT exhibited a lower (p < 0.001) mean degree of polymerization (mDP), but higher (p < 0.001) procyanidins (PC) than FD or HAY CT. The protein-precipitating capacity of CT in conserved PPC ranked (p < 0.001) as FD > HAY > SIL. E. coli growth n M9 medium was inhibited by 25-100 µg/mL of CT isolated from FD, HAY and SIL (p < 0.05), but preservation method had no effect on the ability of CT to inhibit bacterial growth. The results demonstrated that ensiling decreased the extractability and protein-precipitating capacity of CT by increasing the proportions of PC. Purple prairie clover conserved as hay retained more biologically active CT than if it was conserved as silage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
- College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zhongjun Xu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Surya Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, UK.
| | - Christopher Drake
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AT, UK.
| | - Junming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yuping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shunxi Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Singer SD, Weselake RJ, Acharya S. Molecular Enhancement of Alfalfa: Improving Quality Traits for Superior Livestock Performance and Reduced Environmental Impact. CROP SCIENCE 2018; 58:55-71. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2017.07.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Lethbridge AB Canada T1J 4B1
| | - Randall J. Weselake
- Dep. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Surya Acharya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Lethbridge Research and Development Centre; Lethbridge AB Canada T1J 4B1
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lambs fed cassava silage with added tamarind residue: Silage quality, intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, growth performance and carcass quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
28
|
Dal Pizzol J, Ribeiro-Filho H, Quereuil A, Le Morvan A, Niderkorn V. Complementarities between grasses and forage legumes from temperate and subtropical areas on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
29
|
Jonker A, Yu P. The Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Molecular Structure of Proanthocyanidins and Their Effects on Legume Forage Protein Precipitation, Digestion and Absorption in the Ruminant Digestive Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1105. [PMID: 28531145 PMCID: PMC5455013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forages grown in temperate regions, such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and white clover (Trefolium repens L.), typically have a high nutritional value when fed to ruminants. Their high protein content and degradation rate result, however, in poor utilization of protein from the forage resulting in excessive excretion of nitrogen into the environment by the animal. Proanthocyanindins (also known as condensed tannins) found in some forage legumes such as birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), bind to dietary protein and can improve protein utilization in the animal. This review will focus on (1) the occurrence of proanthocyanidins; (2) biosynthesis and structure of proanthocyanidins; (3) effects of proanthocyanidins on protein metabolism; (4) protein precipitating capacity of proanthocyanidins and their effects on true intestinal protein adsorption by ruminants; and (5) effect on animal health, animal performance and environmental emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Jonker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Villalba JJ, Spackman C, Goff BM, Klotz JL, Griggs T, MacAdam JW. Interaction between a tannin-containing legume and endophyte-infected tall fescue seed on lambs' feeding behavior and physiology. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:845-57. [PMID: 27065155 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It was hypothesized that a tannin-rich legume such as sainfoin attenuates the negative postingestive effects of ergot alkaloids in tall fescue. Thirty-two 4-mo-old lambs were individually penned and randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 legume species, sainfoin (SAN; 2.9% condensed tannins) or cicer milkvetch (CIC; without tannins) and a mixed ration containing tall fescue seed (50:30:20 seed:beet pulp:alfalfa) with 2 levels of endophyte infection (endophyte-infected tall fescue seed [E+; 3,150 ug/L ergovaline] or endophyte-free tall fescue seed [E-]). For a 10-d baseline period, half of the lambs were fed SAN and half were fed CIC and all lambs had ad libitum amounts of E-. In an ensuing 10-d experimental period, the protocol was the same except half of the lambs fed SAN or CIC received E+ instead of E-. Subsequently, all lambs could choose between their respective legume and seed-containing ration and between E+ and E-. Finally, an in vitro radial diffusion assay was conducted to determine whether tannins isolated from SAN would bind to alkaloids isolated from E+. All groups consumed similar amounts of E- during baseline period ( > 0.10), but lambs ate more E- than E+ during the experimental period ( < 0.05) and lambs offered SAN ate more E+ than lambs offered CIC ( < 0.05). Groups fed E- during the baseline and experimental periods had similar rectal temperatures ( > 0.10), but lambs fed E+ had lower rectal temperatures per gram of feed ingested when supplemented with SAN than with CIC ( < 0.05). Lambs fed E+ had greater concentrations of hemoglobin and more red blood cells than lambs fed E- ( < 0.05), but plasmatic concentrations of cortisol and prolactin did not differ among treatments ( > 0.10). All lambs preferred their treatment ration over their treatment legume, but lambs in the SAN and E+ treatment ate more legume + ration than lambs in the CIC and E+ (CIC-E+; < 0.05) treatment. All lambs preferred E- over E+, but lambs in the CIC-E+ treatment ate the least amount of E+ ( < 0.05). Binding of isolated SAN tannins to protein was reduced by the E+ isolate ( < 0.05), suggesting a tannin-alkaloid complexation but only from tannins extracted from SAN fed early in the experimental period. In summary, SAN supplementation increased intake of and preference for E+ and reduced rectal temperatures relative to CIC supplementation. Our results suggest that these effects were mediated by the condensed tannins in SAN through alkaloid inactivation, an interaction that declined with plant maturity.
Collapse
|
31
|
Karamian R, Asadbegy M. Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Three Onobrychis Species from Iran. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
32
|
Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Orlandi T, Kozloski G, Alves T, Mesquita F, Ávila S. Digestibility, ruminal fermentation and duodenal flux of amino acids in steers fed grass forage plus concentrate containing increasing levels of Acacia mearnsii tannin extract. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
34
|
Hixson JL, Bindon KA, Smith PA. Evaluation of direct phloroglucinolysis and colorimetric depolymerization assays and their applicability for determining condensed tannins in grape marc. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9954-9962. [PMID: 26551987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine the optimum methods for determining condensed tannin (CT) content in grape marc, butanol-hydrochloric acid assays and phloroglucinolysis were adapted for use, applied to a range of grape marc types, and the methods compared. Porter's assay (butanol-HCl) was found to give unreliable results due to nonlinear color responses to grape skin and seed tannin concentrations, whereas the modification to include acetone (Grabber's assay) overcame this. Differences between skin and seed tannin responses highlighted the need to adequately select the correct grape tannin standard, and the formation of pH-dependent color was accounted for through acidification of blank samples. For phloroglucinolysis, the inability to remove highly bound tannins from cell wall material was highlighted, although a measure of tannins remaining post-phloroglucinolysis (Grabber's assay) showed a trend with the level of exposure to oxidative storage or processing conditions. The comparison of CT concentrations from phloroglucinolysis and Grabber's assay gave poor correlation coefficients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh L Hixson
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Keren A Bindon
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Paul A Smith
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development (CMBD) and Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University , Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhong RZ, Li HY, Fang Y, Sun HX, Zhou DW. Effects of dietary supplementation with green tea polyphenols on digestion and meat quality in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus. Meat Sci 2015; 105:1-7. [PMID: 25746574 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ujumqin sheep are susceptible to infection by the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus, which reduces productivity and total meat yield in sheep. Thus, the effects of green tea polyphenol (GTP) supplements (0, 2, 4, or 6g of GTP/kg feed) on dietary nutrient digestibility and meat quality in lambs infected with H. contortus were examined; control lambs were not infected. H. contortus infections did not affect digestion but the apparent digestibilities of nutrients were decreased by dietary 2g of GTP/kg feed supplementation. There was an interaction between treatment and sampling time on plasma total protein, urea nitrogen, and amino acid concentrations. The antioxidant activity and meat color of INFGTP0 lambs decreased. In conclusion, H. contortus infections in lambs decreased meat quality, but appropriate levels of dietary GTP supplementation diminished these negative effects though lower dose of GTP supplement showed negative effects on digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Z Zhong
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - H Y Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China
| | - Y Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China
| | - H X Sun
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China
| | - D W Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Effect of fall-grazed sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on gastrointestinal nematode infections of growing goats. Vet Parasitol 2014; 204:221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Digestion, ruminal fermentation and microbial nitrogen supply in sheep fed soybean meal treated with Cistus ladanifer L. tannins. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Hammerbacher A, Paetz C, Wright LP, Fischer TC, Bohlmann J, Davis AJ, Fenning TM, Gershenzon J, Schmidt A. Flavan-3-ols in Norway spruce: biosynthesis, accumulation, and function in response to attack by the bark beetle-associated fungus Ceratocystis polonica. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:2107-22. [PMID: 24550241 PMCID: PMC3982766 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.232389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are common polyphenolic polymers of plants found in foliage, fruit, bark, roots, rhizomes, and seed coats that consist of flavan-3-ol units such as 2,3-trans-(+)-catechin and 2,3-cis-(-)-epicatechin. Although the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols has been studied in angiosperms, little is known about their biosynthesis and ecological roles in gymnosperms. In this study, the genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase, a branch point enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of 2,3-trans-(+)-flavan-3-ols, were identified and functionally characterized in Norway spruce (Picea abies), the most widespread and economically important conifer in Europe. In addition, the accumulation of flavan-3-ols and PAs was investigated in Norway spruce saplings after wounding or inoculation with the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis polonica, which is vectored by bark beetles (Ips typographus) and is usually present during fatal beetle attacks. Monomeric and dimeric flavan-3-ols were analyzed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, while the size and subunit composition of larger PAs were characterized using a novel acid hydrolysis method and normal phase chromatography. Only flavan-3-ol monomers with 2,3-trans stereochemistry were detected in spruce bark; dimeric and larger PAs contained flavan-3-ols with both 2,3-trans and 2,3-cis stereochemistry. Levels of monomers as well as PAs with a higher degree of polymerization increased dramatically in spruce bark after infection by C. polonica. In accordance with their role in the biosynthesis of 2,3-trans-(+)-flavan-3-ols, transcript abundance of Norway spruce LEUCOANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE genes also increased significantly during fungal infection. Bioassays with C. polonica revealed that the levels of 2,3-trans-(+)-catechin and PAs that are produced in the tree in response to fungal infection inhibit C. polonica growth and can therefore be considered chemical defense compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almuth Hammerbacher
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| | - Louwrance P. Wright
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| | - Thilo C. Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| | - Andrew J. Davis
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| | | | | | - Axel Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (A.H., C.P., L.P.W., A.J.D., T.M.F., J.G., A.S.)
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 82152 Munich, Germany (T.C.F.); and
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1ZA (J.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Screening of plants from diversified natural grasslands for their potential to combine high digestibility, and low methane and ammonia production. Animal 2014; 8:1797-806. [PMID: 25046582 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
40
|
Towards an agroecological assessment of dairy systems: proposal for a set of criteria suited to mountain farming. Animal 2014; 8:1349-60. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
41
|
Chung YH, Mc Geough EJ, Acharya S, McAllister TA, McGinn SM, Harstad OM, Beauchemin KA. Enteric methane emission, diet digestibility, and nitrogen excretion from beef heifers fed sainfoin or alfalfa1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4861-74. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Chung
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - E. J. Mc Geough
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S. Acharya
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - T. A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - S. M. McGinn
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - O. M. Harstad
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway NO-1432 Aas
| | - K. A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Azuhnwi BN, Boller B, Dohme-Meier F, Hess HD, Kreuzer M, Stringano E, Mueller-Harvey I. Exploring variation in proanthocyanidin composition and content of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2102-2109. [PMID: 23450773 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To maximise the potential benefits to ruminants from sainfoin, plant breeding should focus on developing varieties with predictable condensed tannin (CT) profiles. Little is known about whether and to what extent accession and environment influence sainfoin CT structures. We sought to investigate the likely extent of accession and environment effects on CT characteristics of sainfoin. Four single-flowering (Communis) accessions and two multiple-flowering (Bifera) accessions, grown at three sites and collected at two harvest times were used. Sainfoin CTs were characterised by thiolytic degradation and by high-performance liquid chromatography-gel permeation chromatography (HPLC-GPC). Also, CT concentration measured earlier by the HCl-butanol method was compared with that from thiolysis. RESULTS Thiolysis revealed that accession and harvest influenced most CT structural attributes. Bifera CTs eluted as single peaks (Mp < 6220 Da) in HPLC-GPC across the two harvests and two sites, whereas Communis generated two to three CT peaks, which included a peak (Mp ≤ 9066 Da) in the second harvest. A discrepancy was observed in CT concentrations measured by the two methods. CONCLUSION CTs from Bifera accessions had more stable and predictable characteristics across harvests and sites and this could be of interest when breeding sainfoin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blasius N Azuhnwi
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Azuhnwi BN, Hertzberg H, Arrigo Y, Gutzwiller A, Hess HD, Mueller-Harvey I, Torgerson PR, Kreuzer M, Dohme-Meier F. Investigation of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) cultivar differences on nitrogen balance and fecal egg count in artificially infected lambs1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2343-54. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. N. Azuhnwi
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H. Hertzberg
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Y. Arrigo
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - A. Gutzwiller
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - H. D. Hess
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - I. Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom; and
| | - P. R. Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Kreuzer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F. Dohme-Meier
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Research Station ALP, Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Synergistic effects of mixing cocksfoot and sainfoin on in vitro rumen fermentation. Role of condensed tannins. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
45
|
Azuhnwi B, Thomann B, Arrigo Y, Boller B, Hess H, Kreuzer M, Dohme-Meier F. Ruminal dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of five sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) accessions differing in condensed tannin content and obtained from different harvests. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
46
|
Thill J, Regos I, Farag MA, Ahmad AF, Kusek J, Castro A, Schlangen K, Carbonero CH, Gadjev IZ, Smith LMJ, Halbwirth H, Treutter D, Stich K. Polyphenol metabolism provides a screening tool for beneficial effects of Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 82:67-80. [PMID: 22818525 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) is a traditional fodder legume showing multiple benefits for the environment, animal health and productivity but weaker agronomic performance in comparison to other legumes. Benefits can be mainly ascribed to the presence of polyphenols. The polyphenol metabolism in O. viciifolia was studied at the level of gene expression, enzyme activity, polyphenol accumulation and antioxidant activity. A screening of 37 accessions regarding each of these characters showed a huge variability between individual samples. Principal component analysis revealed that flavonols and flavan 3-ols are the most relevant variables for discrimination of the accessions. The determination of the activities of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and flavonol synthase provides a suitable screening tool for the estimation of the ratio of flavonols to flavan 3-ols and can be used for the selection of samples from those varieties that have a specific optimal ratio of these compounds for further breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Thill
- Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stringano E, Hayot Carbonero C, Smith LMJ, Brown RH, Mueller-Harvey I. Proanthocyanidin diversity in the EU 'HealthyHay' sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) germplasm collection. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 77:197-208. [PMID: 22313998 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated 37 diverse sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) accessions from the EU 'HealthyHay' germplasm collection for proanthocyanidin (PA) content and composition. Accessions displayed a wide range of differences: PA contents varied from 0.57 to 2.80 g/100 g sainfoin; the mean degree of polymerisation from 12 to 84; the proportion of prodelphinidin tannins from 53% to 95%, and the proportion of trans-flavanol units from 12% to 34%. A positive correlation was found between PA contents (thiolytic versus acid-butanol degradation; P<0.001; R(2)=0.49). A negative correlation existed between PA content (thiolysis) and mDP (P<0.05; R(2)=-0.30), which suggested that accessions with high PA contents had smaller PA polymers. Cluster analysis revealed that European accessions clustered into two main groups: Western Europe and Eastern Europe/Asia. In addition, accessions from USA, Canada and Armenia tended to cluster together. Overall, there was broad agreement between tannin clusters and clusters that were based on morphological and agronomic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stringano
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Food Production and Quality Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Effects of condensed tannins in wrapped silage bales of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on in vivo and in situ digestion in sheep. Animal 2012; 6:245-53. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111001510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
49
|
Theodoridou K, Aufrère J, Niderkorn V, Andueza D, Le Morvan A, Picard F, Baumont R. In vitro study of the effects of condensed tannins in sainfoin on the digestive process in the rumen at two vegetation cycles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Jayanegara A, Marquardt S, Kreuzer M, Leiber F. Nutrient and energy content, in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methanogenic potential of alpine forage plant species during early summer. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1863-1870. [PMID: 21480269 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants growing on alpine meadows are reported to be rich in phenols. Such compounds may affect ruminal fermentation and reduce the plants' methanogenic potential, making alpine grazing advantageous in this respect. The objective of this study was to quantify nutrients and phenols in Alpine forage grasses, herbs and trees collected over 2 years and, in a 24 h in vitro incubation, their effects on ruminal fermentation parameters. RESULTS The highest in vitro gas production, resulting in metabolisable energy values around 10 MJ kg⁻¹, were found with Alchemilla xanthochlora and Crepis aurea (herbaceous species) and with Sambucus nigra leaves and flowers (tree species). Related to the amount of total gas production, methane formation was highest with Nardus stricta, and lowest with S. nigra and A. xanthochlora. In addition, Castanea sativa leaves led to an exceptional low methane production, but this was accompanied by severely impaired ruminal fermentation. When the data were analysed by principal component analysis, phenol concentrations were negatively related with methane proportion in total gas. CONCLUSION Variation in methane production potential across the investigated forages was small. The two goals of limited methane production potential and high nutritive value for ruminants were met best by A. xanthochlora and S. nigra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuraga Jayanegara
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|