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Feng L, Aryal N, Li Y, Horn SJ, Ward AJ. Developing a biogas centralised circular bioeconomy using agricultural residues - Challenges and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161656. [PMID: 36669668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) can be used as a stand-alone process or integrated as part of a larger biorefining process to produce biofuels, biochemicals and fertiliser, and has the potential to play a central role in the emerging circular bioeconomy (CBE). Agricultural residues, such as animal slurry, straw, and grass silage, represent an important resource and have a huge potential to boost biogas and methane yields. Under the CBE concept, there is a need to assess the long-term impact and investigate the potential accumulation of specific unwanted substances. Thus, a comprehensive literature review to summarise the benefits and environmental impacts of using agricultural residues for AD is needed. This review analyses the benefits and potential adverse effects related to developing biogas-centred CBE. The identified potential risks/challenges for developing biogas CBE include GHG emission, nutrient management, pollutants, etc. In general, the environmental risks are highly dependent on the input feedstocks and resulting digestate. Integrated treatment processes should be developed as these could both minimise risks and improve the economic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Nabin Aryal
- Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, Borre, Norway
| | - Yeqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum Beijing (CUPB), Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Alastair James Ward
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Ozlu E, Arriaga FJ, Bilen S, Gozukara G, Babur E. Carbon Footprint Management by Agricultural Practices. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101453. [PMID: 36290357 PMCID: PMC9598751 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Global attention to climate change issues, especially air temperature changes, has drastically increased over the last half-century. Along with population growth, greater surface temperature, and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, there are growing concerns for ecosystem sustainability and other human existence on earth. The contribution of agriculture to GHG emissions indicates a level of 18% of total GHGs, mainly from carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Thus, minimizing the effects of climate change by reducing GHG emissions is crucial and can be accomplished by truly understanding the carbon footprint (CF) phenomenon. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to improve understanding of CF alteration due to agricultural management and fertility practices. CF is a popular concept in agro-environmental sciences due to its role in the environmental impact assessments related to alternative solutions and global climate change. Soil moisture content, soil temperature, porosity, and water-filled pore space are some of the soil properties directly related to GHG emissions. These properties raise the role of soil structure and soil health in the CF approach. These properties and GHG emissions are also affected by different land-use changes, soil types, and agricultural management practices. Soil management practices globally have the potential to alter atmospheric GHG emissions. Therefore, the relations between photosynthesis and GHG emissions as impacted by agricultural management practices, especially focusing on soil and related systems, must be considered. We conclude that environmental factors, land use, and agricultural practices should be considered in the management of CF when maximizing crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Ozlu
- Vernon G. James Research Center-Tidewater Research Station, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 207 Research Station, Plymouth, NC 27962, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Serdar Bilen
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25100, Turkey
| | - Gafur Gozukara
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26250, Turkey
| | - Emre Babur
- Department of Soil Science and Ecology, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş 46050, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Lamolinara B, Pérez-Martínez A, Guardado-Yordi E, Guillén Fiallos C, Diéguez-Santana K, Ruiz-Mercado GJ. Anaerobic digestate management, environmental impacts, and techno-economic challenges. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 140:14-30. [PMID: 35032793 PMCID: PMC10466263 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Digestate is a nutrient-rich by-product from organic waste anaerobic digestion but can contribute to nutrient pollution without comprehensive management strategies. Some nutrient pollution impacts include harmful algal blooms, hypoxia, and eutrophication. This contribution explores current productive uses of digestate by analyzing its feedstocks, processing technologies, economics, product quality, impurities, incentive policies, and regulations. The analyzed studies found that feedstock, processing technology, and process operating conditions highly influence the digestate product characteristics. Also, incentive policies and regulations for managing organic waste by anaerobic digestion and producing digestate as a valuable product promote economic benefits. However, there are not many governmental and industry-led quality assurance certification systems for supporting commercializing digestate products. The sustainable and safe use of digestate in different applications needs further development of technologies and processes. Also, incentives for digestate use, quality regulation, and social awareness are essential to promote digestate product commercialization as part of the organic waste circular economy paradigm. Therefore, future studies about circular business models and standardized international regulations for digestate products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lamolinara
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Rua de Portugal - Zona Industrial, Marinha Grande 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Amaury Pérez-Martínez
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Estela Guardado-Yordi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Christian Guillén Fiallos
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Karel Diéguez-Santana
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, km. 2. 1/2 vía Puyo a Tena (Paso Lateral), Puyo, Pastaza 160150, Ecuador
| | - Gerardo J Ruiz-Mercado
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 26 W. Martin L. King Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 080007, Colombia.
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Esperschuetz J, Bloomberg M. The Potential for Temporary Stand-Off Pads Integrated With Poplar and Willow Silvopastoral Systems for Managing Nitrogen Leaching. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.780890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive pastoral farming has been linked to adverse environmental effects such as soil degradation and increased fluxes of nitrogen, phosphorus, sediments, and pathogens into waterways, resulting in their degradation. Stand-off pads are engineered structures covered with bedding materials, available for occupation by stock to minimise those adverse effects to soil and water bodies. Wood chips are ideal for bedding due to their low cost, high water holding capacity, and stock preference as resting areas. While they reduce the mobility of both nutrients and pathogens, their effectiveness depends on the type of wood, size of the chips, pH, pad design, and feeding management used. Dissolved organic carbon, present in wood residue, may slow nitrogen mineralisation thereby decreasing loss via leachate. This effect depends on plant tannins and nutrients already stored within the plant tissue. Poplar and willow have high concentrations of tannins in leaves and bark with potential nitrification-inhibiting properties. When grown on-farm, these deep-rooted trees also reduce nitrogen leaching and prevent soil erosion. This review addresses the use of temporary stand-off pads within poplar or willow silvopastoral systems. Harvested trees can provide suitable wood chips for constructing the stand-off pad, while the deep rooting systems of the trees will reduce the moisture content of the pad, preventing waterlogging. A key objective is to discuss the feasibility and establishment of multiple temporary stand-off pads that allow for stock rotation from pad to pad, and subsequent on-site composting of wood-wastes into fertiliser, reducing both nutrient inputs and losses in agricultural systems. The review highlights the potential suitability of poplar and willow tree species for such a system.
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Torrisi B, Allegra M, Amenta M, Gentile F, Rapisarda P, Fabroni S, Ferlito F. Physico-chemical and multielemental traits of anaerobic digestate from Mediterranean agro-industrial wastes and assessment as fertiliser for citrus nurseries. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 131:201-213. [PMID: 34167040 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous researches have demonstrated the bioenergetic potential of agri-food Mediterranean wastes showing that anaerobic co-digestion is a valuable solution for Mediterranean areas. This implies a great interest for anaerobic digestates use in agriculture to replace fertilizers. The present study aimed at: i) producing knowledge on continuous anaerobic co-digestion of feedstock mixture composed by different Mediterranean agri-food wastes in terms of multielemental characterization and ii) assessing the agronomic value of industrial anaerobic digestate (AD) based on the potential as fertiliser in nursery condition for the citrus seedlings. Results have demonstrated that agro-industrial biomasses have great potentiality to be converted by anaerobic digestion in biofertilizer to be used in citrus nurseries as sustainable alternative to mineral fertilisers. Multielemental traits of the tested AD were valuable in terms of nutritional supply for the growth and development of the plant. AD was useful to replace the mineral fertilizers in terms of total N content (10.81 ± 0.32 %TS) and organic matter (43.32 ± 0.80 %TS). The seedlings nutritive status showed that no need for supplemental of nutrients was requested. Volkamer lemon highly benefited from the administration of liquid digestate, increasing the total chlorophyll level (2.97 ± 0.31 mg g-1 FW) presumably due to the higher ammonium content of the AD (59 ± 0.08 %TKN). Besides providing useful tools for citrus nurseries for conceiving new sustainable fertilization strategies, this study is a starting point for further in-depth works on physiological status and traits of citrus plants fertilized by using agro-industrial anaerobic digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Torrisi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Maria Allegra
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Margherita Amenta
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Fausto Gentile
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Paolo Rapisarda
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy.
| | - Filippo Ferlito
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Centro di ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale (CT), Italy
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Holatko J, Hammerschmiedt T, Kintl A, Danish S, Skarpa P, Latal O, Baltazar T, Fahad S, Akça H, Taban S, Kobzova E, Datta R, Malicek O, Hussain GS, Brtnicky M. Effect of carbon-enriched digestate on the microbial soil activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252262. [PMID: 34214110 PMCID: PMC8253426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a liquid organic fertilizer used in agriculture, digestate is rich in many nutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, potassium); their utilization may be however less efficient in soils poor in organic carbon (due to low carbon:nitrogen ratio). In order to solve the disadvantages, digestate enrichment with carbon-rich amendments biochar or humic acids (Humac) was tested. METHODS Soil variants amended with enriched digestate: digestate + biochar, digestate + Humac, and digestate + combined biochar and humic acids-were compared to control with untreated digestate in their effect on total soil carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration and soil enzymatic activities in a pot experiment. Yield of the test crop lettuce was also determined for all variants. RESULTS Soil respiration was the most significantly increased property, positively affected by digestate + Humac. Both digestate + biochar and digestate + Humac significantly increased microbial biomass carbon. Significant negative effect of digestate + biochar (compared to the control digestate) on particular enzyme activities was alleviated by the addition of humic acids. No significant differences among the tested variants were found in the above-ground and root plant biomass. CONCLUSIONS The tested organic supplements improved the digestate effect on some determined soil properties. We deduced from the results (carbon:nitrogen ratio, microbial biomass and activity) that the assimilation of nutrients by plants increased; however, the most desired positive effect on the yield of crop biomass was not demonstrated. We assume that the digestate enrichment with organic amendments may be more beneficial in a long time-scaled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Petr Skarpa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Latal
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tivadar Baltazar
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, the University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hanife Akça
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Taban
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eliska Kobzova
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ghulam Sabir Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Geology and Soil Science, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Martens M, Karlsson NPE, Ehde PM, Mattsson M, Weisner SEB. The greenhouse gas emission effects of rewetting drained peatlands and growing wetland plants for biogas fuel production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111391. [PMID: 33049611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are receiving increased attention among governmental and commercial actors. In recent years, the interest in paludiculture, i.e. the use of rewetted peatlands, has grown because of its potential to reduce GHG emissions by stopping soil decomposition. Moreover, cultivating wetland plants on rewetted peatlands for bioenergy production that replaces fossil fuels in the transport sector, can contribute to additional GHG emission reductions. In this study, an analysis of literature data was conducted to obtain data on GHG emissions (CO2 and CH4) and biomass production from rewetted peatlands cultivated with two different wetland plant species: Phragmites australis (Pa) and Typha latifolia (Tl). In addition, a biogas experiment was carried out to investigate the biomethane yield of Pa and Tl biomass, and the reduction of global warming potential (GWP) by using biomethane as vehicle fuel. The results show that peatland rewetting can be an important measure to mitigate the GWP as it reduces GHG emissions from the soil, particularly on a 100-year timescale but also to some extent on a 20-year timescale. More specifically, rewetting of 1 km2 of peatland can result in a GWP reduction corresponding to the emissions from ±2600 average sized petrol cars annually. Growing Pa on rewetted peatlands reduces soil GHG emissions more than growing Tl, but Pa and Tl produced similar amounts of biomass and biomethane per land area. Our study concludes that Pa, because of a more pronounced GWP reduction, is the most suitable wetland plant to cultivate after peatland rewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Martens
- Water Technology Group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, the Netherlands
| | - Niklas P E Karlsson
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Per Magnus Ehde
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Marie Mattsson
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Stefan E B Weisner
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
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“What a Waste”—Can We Improve Sustainability of Food Animal Production Systems by Recycling Food Waste Streams into Animal Feed in an Era of Health, Climate, and Economic Crises? SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12177071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Food waste has been a major barrier to achieving global food security and environmental sustainability for many decades. Unfortunately, food waste has become an even bigger problem in many countries because of supply chain disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic and African Swine Fever epidemic. Although Japan and South Korea have been leaders in recycling food waste into animal feed, countries that produce much greater amounts of food waste, such as the United States and the European Union, have lagged far behind. Concerns about the risk of transmission of bacteria, prions, parasites, and viruses have been the main obstacles limiting the recycling of food waste streams containing animal-derived tissues into animal feed and have led to government regulations restricting this practice in the U.S. and EU. However, adequate thermal processing is effective for inactivating all biological agents of concern, perhaps except for prions from infected ruminant tissues. The tremendous opportunity for nitrogen and phosphorus resource recovery along with several other environmental benefits from recycling food waste streams and rendered animal by-products into animal feed have not been fully appreciated for their substantial contribution toward solving our climate crisis. It is time to revisit our global approach to improving economic and environmental sustainability by more efficiently utilizing the abundant supply of food waste and animal tissues to a greater extent in animal feed while protecting human and animal health in food animal production systems.
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Sustainable Development in the Agri-Food Sector in Terms of the Carbon Footprint: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of sustainable development is increasingly important in the agri-food sector and global economy. International activities are undertaken to improve the efficiency of industry by reducing its negative impact on the environment. To help determine harmful human activity, the environmental footprints of products and services are calculated using the LCA (life cycle assessment) method. The purpose of this article was to explain topics of sustainable development and environmental footprints, especially the carbon footprint in the agri-food sector, based on the latest literature. The agri-food industry consumes around 30% of global energy demand. It is also a source of emissions of a significant part of greenhouse gases released into the environment. The carbon footprint of food products is determined by many factors associated with their production. Food of animal origin is more harmful and has higher carbon footprints than plant-based products. GHG emission reduction is possible due to the use of renewable energy sources and the abandonment of the use of artificial fertilizers and plant protection products.
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Theuerl S, Klang J, Hülsemann B, Mächtig T, Hassa J. Microbiome Diversity and Community-Level Change Points within Manure-based small Biogas Plants. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081169. [PMID: 32752188 PMCID: PMC7464807 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to integrate biogas plants into bioeconomy concepts will lead to an expansion of manure-based (small) biogas plants, while their operation is challenging due to critical characteristics of some types of livestock manure. For a better process understanding, in this study, three manure-based small biogas plants were investigated with emphasis on microbiome diversity. Due to varying digester types, feedstocks, and process conditions, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed differences in the taxonomic composition. Dynamic variations of each investigated biogas plant microbiome over time were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP), whereby nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed two well-running systems, one of them with a high share of chicken manure, and one unstable system. By using Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN), community-level change points at ammonium and ammonia concentrations of 2.25 g L-1 and 193 mg L-1 or volatile fatty acid concentrations of 0.75 g L-1were reliably identified which are lower than the commonly reported thresholds for critical process stages based on chemical parameters. Although a change in the microbiome structure does not necessarily indicate an upcoming critical process stage, the recorded community-level change points might be a first indication to carefully observe the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Theuerl
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (J.K.); or (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-331-5699-900
| | - Johanna Klang
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (J.K.); or (J.H.)
| | - Benedikt Hülsemann
- University of Hohenheim, The State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Torsten Mächtig
- Kiel University, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, 24098 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Julia Hassa
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; (J.K.); or (J.H.)
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Li X, Guo L, Liu Y, Wang Y, She Z, Gao M, Zhao Y. Enhancing swine wastewater hydrolysis with thermophilic bacteria and assisted pretreatments. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:954-958. [PMID: 31916302 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Slow degradation rate of swine wastewater, which is mainly caused by particulate and refractory organic matters, is the main drawback of anaerobic digestion. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the hydrolysis of swine wastewater. In this study, different pretreatments were used to hydrolyze swine wastewater, including thermophilic bacteria (TB), alkali, acid, ultrasound (UL), and ultrasonic-combined thermophilic bacteria (UL-TB) pretreatment. The hydrolysis effect was investigated by analyzing the changes of pretreated soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), soluble protein, and carbohydrate. The experimental results showed that effect of different pretreatments on swine wastewater hydrolysis had the following order: TB = alkali>UL-TB > UL>acid. Alkali pretreatment was effective for the release of protein from swine wastewater, and TB pretreatment was advantageous for carbohydrate release during hydrolysis. The results could provide valuable information for the disposition of swine wastewater as well as the application of TB-related pretreatments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: TB and alkali pretreatment exhibited the highest hydrolysis ability. The release of carbohydrate by TB was higher than other pretreatments. Ultrasonic assistance generated inhibition on the hydrolysis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhou Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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12
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Technical, Economic, and Environmental Assessment of a Collective Integrated Treatment System for Energy Recovery and Nutrient Removal from Livestock Manure. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12072756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this 5-year study was to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental performances of a collective-based integrated treatment system for bioenergy production and nutrients removal to improve the utilization efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of land applied livestock manure. The study involved 12 livestock production units located in an intensive livestock area designated as nitrate vulnerable zone with large N surplus. The treatment system consisted of an anaerobic digestion unit, a solid–liquid separation system, and a biological N removal process. Atmospheric emissions and nutrient losses in water and soil were examined for the environmental assessment, while estimated crop removal and nutrient utilization efficiencies were used for the agronomic assessment. The integrated treatment system achieved 49% removal efficiency for total solids (TS), 40% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and 41% for total phosphorous (TP). A surplus of 58kWh/t of treated manure was achieved considering the electricity produced by the biogas plant and consumed by the treatment plant and during transportation of raw and treated manure. A profit of 1.61 €/t manure treated and an average reduction of global warming potential by 70% was also achieved. The acidification potential was reduced by almost 50%. The agronomic use of treated manure eliminated the TKN surplus and reduced the TP surplus by 94%. This collective integrated treatment system can be an environmentally and economically sustainable solution for farms to reduce N surplus in intensive livestock production areas.
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13
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Abstract
Sound has the potential to increase biogas yields and enhance wastewater degradation in anaerobic digesters. To assess this potential, two pilot-scale digestion systems were operated, with one exposed to sound at less than 10 kHz and with one acting as a control. Sounds used were sine waves, broadband noise, and orchestral compositions. Weekly biogas production from sound-treated digesters was 18,900 L, more than twice that of the control digester. The sound-treated digesters were primarily exposed to orchestral compositions, because this made cavitational events easier to identify and because harmonic and amplitude shifts in music seem to induce more cavitation. Background recordings from the sound-treated digester were louder and had more cavitational events than those of the control digester, which we ascribe to enhanced microbial growth and the resulting accelerated sludge breakdown. Acoustic cavitation, vibrational energy imparted to wastewater and sludge, and mixing due to a release of bubbles from the sludge may all act in concert to accelerate wastewater degradation and boost biogas production.
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14
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Leveraging anaerobic fungi for biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 59:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Lin Y, Chen A, Peng L, Luo S, Zeng Q, Shao J. Physiological characteristics and toxin production of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacterium) in response to DOM in anaerobic digestion effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:902-910. [PMID: 31247437 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ecological implications of livestock production intensification have received sustained attention across the globe. Anaerobic digestion is the main process for livestock waste treatment. However, the ecological consequences of dissolved organic matter originating from anaerobic digestion (AD-DOM) in eutrophic water bodies remain elusive. In this study, the physiological responses of a bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa, to AD-DOM were investigated. Moreover, the composition of AD-DOM was identified by using thermochemolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The growth of M. aeruginosa FACHB905 was not sensitive to low levels (0.625-1.25%, V/V) of AD-DOM but was inhibited by high levels (2.5-5%, V/V) of AD-DOM, resulting from photoinhibition damage to photosystem II (PSII). The main target of AD-DOM in PSII was the electron accepting side (ψ0) or the electron donor side (φ P0), depending on time variables. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level showed a positive correlation with AD-DOM addition; however, it was higher than that of the control for 3.75-5% AD-DOM on the 6th day. The intracellular microcystin contents (including MC-LR and Dha7-MC-LR) decreased in response to AD-DOM addition, but extracellular microcystin increased after 6 days of exposure. In addition, GC-MS detection showed that AD-DOM is mainly composed of lignin-derived aromatic compounds, alkanes/alkene, nitrogen-containing compounds, and sterols. The results presented in this study suggested that AD-DOM released from the livestock industry may play a subtle role in affecting harmful algal blooms through level-dependent variables. In addition, the ecological consequences of microcystin released by toxin-producing species under AD-DOM stress are still worth considering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lin
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Si Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China.
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16
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Golroudbary SR, El Wali M, Kraslawski A. Environmental sustainability of phosphorus recycling from wastewater, manure and solid wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 672:515-524. [PMID: 30974352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important critical material essential for crops cultivation and animal husbandry. Effective phosphorous recycling is considered one of the most significant factors in alleviating its criticality. However, despite the importance of phosphorous recycling, its sustainability is not studied extensively. This paper aims to answer the question if recycling of phosphorus is an environmentally sustainable option. To address this problem, two issues are analyzed in this paper: energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in phosphorous recycling. The analysis was performed by simulating mass and energy flows in the global phosphorus supply chain (from mining to recycling) in order to understand and analyze its environmental impact in 2000-2050. The results of simulation show that around 82% of recycled phosphorous originates from manure. Moreover, the calculations indicate that about 70% of total GHG emissions from phosphorous recycling is caused by wastewater processing. In addition, the results show that phosphorous obtained from recycled wastewater constitutes only 2% of the whole amount recovered in the recycling process. Therefore, the obtained results show a clear need for a detailed analysis of the sustainability of phosphorous recycling processes. Moreover, the analysis of scenarios of phosphorus consumption indicates that GHG emissions increase slowly in the mining phase and grow exponentially in the recycling stage. The main finding of this paper contradicts the general opinion about environmental friendliness of recycling. It shows that phosphorus recycling is not a sustainable solution in a longer perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rahimpour Golroudbary
- School of Engineering Science, Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), LUT University, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
| | - Mohammad El Wali
- School of Engineering Science, Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), LUT University, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Andrzej Kraslawski
- School of Engineering Science, Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM), LUT University, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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17
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He W, Smith WN, Grant BB, VanderZaag AC, Schwager EA, Qi Z, Reynolds D, Wagner-Riddle C. Understanding the Fertilizer Management Impacts on Water and Nitrogen Dynamics for a Corn Silage Tile-Drained System in Canada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:1016-1028. [PMID: 31589678 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.11.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of dairy manure is important to minimize N losses from cropping systems, maximize profitability, and enhance environmental sustainability. The objectives of this study were (i) to calibrate and validate the DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model using measurements of silage corn ( L.) biomass, N uptake, soil temperature, tile drain flow, NO leaching, NO emissions, and soil mineral N in eastern Canada, and (ii) to investigate the long-term impacts of manure management under climate variability. The treatments investigated included a zero-fertilizer control, inorganic fertilizer, and dairy manure amendments (raw and digested). The DNDC model overall demonstrated statistically "good" performance when simulating silage corn yield and N uptake based on normalized RMSE (nRMSE) < 10%, index of agreement () > 0.9, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) > 0.5. In addition, DNDC, with its inclusion of a tile drainage mechanism, demonstrated "good" predictions for cumulative drainage (nRMSE < 20%, > 0.8, and NSE > 0.5). The model did, however, underestimate daily drainage flux during spring thaw for both organic and inorganic amendments. This was attributed to an underestimation of soil temperature and soil water under frequent soil freezing and thawing during the 2013-2014 overwinter period. Long-term simulations under climate variability indicated that spring applied manure resulted in less NO leaching and NO emissions than fall application when manure rates were managed based on crop N requirements. Overall, this study helped highlight the challenges in discerning the short-term climate interactions on fertilizer-induced N losses compared with the long-term dynamics under climate variability.
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18
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Nolan S, Waters NR, Brennan F, Auer A, Fenton O, Richards K, Bolton DJ, Pritchard L, O'Flaherty V, Abram F. Toward Assessing Farm-Based Anaerobic Digestate Public Health Risks: Comparative Investigation With Slurry, Effect of Pasteurization Treatments, and Use of Miniature Bioreactors as Proxies for Pathogen Spiking Trials. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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19
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Sánchez-Rodríguez AR, Carswell AM, Shaw R, Hunt J, Saunders K, Cotton J, Chadwick DR, Jones DL, Misselbrook TH. Advanced Processing of Food Waste Based Digestate for Mitigating Nitrogen Losses in a Winter Wheat Crop. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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20
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Petersen SO. Greenhouse gas emissions from liquid dairy manure: Prediction and mitigation. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6642-6654. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Venanzi S, Pezzolla D, Cecchini L, Pauselli M, Ricci A, Sordi A, Torquati B, Gigliotti G. Use of agricultural by-products in the development of an agro-energy chain: A case study from the Umbria region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:494-505. [PMID: 29426172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Use of agricultural and livestock by-products for anaerobic digestion (AD), in total or partial substitution of the maize silage was evaluated from an environmental and economical point of view. The evaluation process included three methodological interdependent and consequential steps: the chemical stage at laboratory and plant level, the environmental and economic steps developing the Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing jointly. The laboratory test showed that the two mixtures prepared with by-products, in partial (MIX A) and total (MIX B) substitution of maize silage, did not show differences in bio-methane production compared to a reference mixture with the 33% of maize silage. All mixtures tested at full-scale plant, showed the same performances, resulting in a similar energy production. Environmentally, MIX B increased greenhouse gas credits derived from the avoided production of mineral fertiliser for the energetic crops, resulting also in better economic performances. The break-even transport distances follow the positive environmental pattern result, in contrast to what was found for the break-even transport distances from the economic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Venanzi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Pezzolla
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| | - L Cecchini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Pauselli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Ricci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Sordi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - B Torquati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Gigliotti
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
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22
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Ozlu E, Kumar S. Response of surface GHG fluxes to long-term manure and inorganic fertilizer application in corn and soybean rotation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:817-825. [PMID: 29898556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer on soil surface greenhouse gases (GHG) [carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4)] fluxes from soils managed under corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. The experiment was established on a silty loam soil, and the treatments included three manure application rates [phosphorus based recommended rate (low manure, LM), nitrogen based recommended rate (medium manure, MM) and two times recommended nitrogen rate (high manure, HM)], two inorganic fertilizer levels [recommended fertilizer (medium fertilizer, MF) and high rate of fertilizer (HF)], and control (CK) replicated four times. Soil GHG fluxes were monitored once a week during the growing season for 2015 and 2016. Data from this study showed that there were not any significant impacts from manure and inorganic fertilizer applications on the annual CH4 fluxes in 2015 and 2016. However, annual soil surface CO2 fluxes were increased by manure treatments compared to inorganic fertilizer treatments in both the years. In contrast, manure treatments decreased N2O fluxes, but significantly increased net GWP than the fertilizer treatments in 2016. In general, higher manure and fertilizer rates resulted in higher annual GHG emissions compared to lower manure and fertilizer rates in both years. Data from this study showed that HF application in crops can be detrimental for the environment by emitting higher GHG emissions, therefore, improved application strategies for manure and fertilizer management need to be explored to avoid any negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem Ozlu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Soil Science, Madison, WI 53006, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- South Dakota State University, Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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23
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Aponte-Morales VE, Payne KA, Cunningham JA, Ergas SJ. Bioregeneration of Chabazite During Nitrification of Centrate from Anaerobically Digested Livestock Waste: Experimental and Modeling Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4090-4098. [PMID: 29505257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification of high total ammonia nitrogen-strength wastewaters is challenging due to free ammonia (FA) inhibition of nitrification. FA inhibition can potentially be alleviated by temporarily adsorbing ammonium (NH4+) to natural zeolite, such as chabazite, followed by direct zeolite bioregeneration via nitrification. In this research, the effectiveness of chabazite addition for reducing nitrification inhibition during treatment of centrate from anaerobic digestion of swine waste was quantified. A mathematical model was developed that accounts for ion exchange of NH4+ and sodium at the chabazite surface, surface diffusion of adsorbed NH4+ within the chabazite grains, sequential nitrification of aqueous NH4+ to nitrite and nitrate, and inhibition of nitritation and nitratation rates by NH4+. The model was calibrated using results of abiotic ion exchange and nitrification studies. Subsequently, nitrification tests were carried out with synthetic wastewater with a NH4+-N concentration of 1000 mg L-1, with and without chabazite. A chabazite dose of 150 g L-1 decreased the FA concentration to below the inhibitory level and increased the nitrification rate from 0.16 to 0.36 mg-N (g-VSS)-1 h-1. Following calibration, the model could predict the experimental data with no additional fitting parameters or parameter adjustment, in both the presence and absence of chabazite. The results suggest that the mathematical model provides a theoretically sound conceptual understanding of ion exchange assisted nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica E Aponte-Morales
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Karl A Payne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Jeffrey A Cunningham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
| | - Sarina J Ergas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida 33620 , United States
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24
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Mohankumar Sajeev EP, Winiwarter W, Amon B. Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:30-41. [PMID: 29415114 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.05.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Farm livestock manure is an important source of ammonia and greenhouse gases. Concerns over the environmental impact of emissions from manure management have resulted in research efforts focusing on emission abatement. However, questions regarding the successful abatement of manure-related emissions remain. This study uses a meta-analytical approach comprising 89 peer-reviewed studies to quantify emission reduction potentials of abatement options for liquid manure management chains from cattle and pigs. Analyses of emission reductions highlight the importance of accounting for interactions between emissions. Only three out of the eight abatement options considered (frequent removal of manure, anaerobic digesters, and manure acidification) reduced ammonia (3-60%), nitrous oxide (21-55%), and methane (29-74%) emissions simultaneously, whereas in all other cases, tradeoffs were identified. The results demonstrate that a shift from single-stage emission abatement options towards a whole-chain perspective is vital in reducing overall emissions along the manure management chain. The study also identifies some key elements like proper clustering, reporting of influencing factors, and explicitly describing assumptions associated with abatement options that can reduce variability in emission reduction estimates. Prioritization of abatement options according to their functioning can help to determine low-risk emission reduction options, specifically options that alter manure characteristics (e.g., reduced protein diets, anaerobic digestion, or slurry acidification). These insights supported by comprehensive emission measurement studies can help improve the effectiveness of emission abatement and harmonize strategies aimed at reducing air pollution and climate change simultaneously.
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25
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Anaerobic digestion of pig manure supernatant at high ammonia concentrations characterized by high abundances of Methanosaeta and non-euryarchaeotal archaea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15077. [PMID: 29118356 PMCID: PMC5678120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of ammonium and temperature on methane production in high rate upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors treating pig manure supernatant. We operated four reactors at two ammonium concentrations (‘low’ at 1.9, ‘high’ at 3.7 g L−1, termed LA and HA reactors, respectively) and at variable temperatures over 358 days. Archaeal and bacterial communities were characterized by Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. Ammonium was a major selective factor for bacterial and archaeal community structure. After ~200 days of adaptation to high ammonium levels, acetate and propionate removal and methane production improved substantially in HA reactors. Aceticlastic Methanosaeta was abundant and positively correlated to methane yield in the HA reactors, whereas Methanosarcina was more abundant in LA reactors. Furthermore, a group of monophyletic OTUs that was related to Thaumarchaeota in phylogenetic analysis was highly abundant in the archaeal communities, particularly in the HA reactors. The most abundant bacterial OTU in LA reactors, representing Syntrophomonadaceae, was also positively correlated to methane yield in the HA reactors, indicating its importance in methane production under ammonia stress. In conclusion, efficient methane production, involving aceticlastic methanogenesis by Methanosaeta took place in the reactors at free ammonia concentrations as high as 1 g L−1.
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26
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Rico C, Montes JA, Rico JL. Evaluation of different types of anaerobic seed sludge for the high rate anaerobic digestion of pig slurry in UASB reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:147-156. [PMID: 28433902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three different types of anaerobic sludge (granular, thickened digestate and anaerobic sewage) were evaluated as seed inoculum sources for the high rate anaerobic digestion of pig slurry in UASB reactors. Granular sludge performance was optimal, allowing a high efficiency process yielding a volumetric methane production rate of 4.1LCH4L-1d-1 at 1.5days HRT (0.248LCH4g-1COD) at an organic loading rate of 16.4gCODL-1d-1. The thickened digestate sludge experimented flotation problems, thus resulting inappropriate for the UASB process. The anaerobic sewage sludge reactor experimented biomass wash-out, but allowed high process efficiency operation at 3days HRT, yielding a volumetric methane production rate of 1.7LCH4L-1d-1 (0.236LCH4g-1COD) at an organic loading rate of 7.2gCODL-1d-1. To guarantee the success of the UASB process, the settleable solids of the slurry must be previously removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rico
- Department of Water and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Jesús A Montes
- Department of Water and Environmental Science and Technologies, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - José Luis Rico
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Resources, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
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27
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Mainali B, Emran SB, Silveira S. Greenhouse gas mitigation using poultry litter management techniques in Bangladesh. ENERGY 2017; 127:155-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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28
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Zeng Z, Zheng P, Ding A, Zhang M, Abbas G, Li W. Source analysis of organic matter in swine wastewater after anaerobic digestion with EEM-PARAFAC. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:6770-6778. [PMID: 28091994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Swine wastewater is one of the most serious pollution sources, and it has attracted a great public concern in China. Anaerobic digestion technology is extensively used in swine wastewater treatment. However, the anaerobic digestion effluents are difficult to meet the discharge standard. The results from batch experiments showed that plenty of refractory organic matter remained in the effluents after mesophilic anaerobic digestion for 30 days. The effluent total COD (tCOD) and soluble COD (sCOD) were 483 and 324 mg/L, respectively, with the sCOD/tCOD ratio of 0.671. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed that the dissolved organic matter in the effluents was tryptophan-like substance, humic acid substance, and fulvic acid substance. Based on the appearance time during anaerobic digestion, tryptophan-like substance and humic acid substance were inferred to originate from the raw swine wastewater, and the fulvic acid substance was inferred to be formed in the anaerobic digestion. This work has revealed the source of residual organic matter in anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater and has provided some valuable information for the post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aqiang Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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29
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Walker M, Theaker H, Yaman R, Poggio D, Nimmo W, Bywater A, Blanch G, Pourkashanian M. Assessment of micro-scale anaerobic digestion for management of urban organic waste: A case study in London, UK. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:258-268. [PMID: 28185851 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the analysis of an AD plant that is novel in that it is located in an urban environment, built on a micro-scale, fed on food and catering waste, and operates as a purposeful system. The plant was built in 2013 and continues to operate to date, processing urban food waste and generating biogas for use in a community café. The plant was monitored for a period of 319days during 2014, during which the operational parameters, biological stability and energy requirements of the plant were assessed. The plant processed 4574kg of food waste during this time, producing 1008m3 of biogas at average 60.6% methane. The results showed that the plant was capable of stable operation despite large fluctuations in the rate and type of feed. Another innovative aspect of the plant was that it was equipped with a pre-digester tank and automated feeding, which reduced the effect of feedstock variations on the digestion process. Towards the end of the testing period, a rise in the concentration of volatile fatty acids and ammonia was detected in the digestate, indicating biological instability, and this was successfully remedied by adding trace elements. The energy balance and coefficient of performance (COP) of the system were calculated, which concluded that the system used 49% less heat energy by being housed in a greenhouse, achieved a net positive energy balance and potential COP of 3.16 and 5.55 based on electrical and heat energy, respectively. Greenhouse gas emissions analysis concluded that the most important contribution of the plant to the mitigation of greenhouse gases was the avoidance of on-site fossil fuel use, followed by the diversion of food waste from landfill and that the plant could result in carbon reduction of 2.95kg CO2eq kWh-1 electricity production or 0.741kg CO2eq kg-1 waste treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Walker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - H Theaker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - R Yaman
- Community by Design, 193 Downham Way, London BR1 5EL, UK.
| | - D Poggio
- Centre for Research in Social Simulation (CRESS), Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - W Nimmo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - A Bywater
- University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - G Blanch
- GBBD Ltd., The Bothy, Uley, Gloucestershire GL11 5BW, UK.
| | - M Pourkashanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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Pardo G, Moral R, Del Prado A. SIMS WASTE-AD - A modelling framework for the environmental assessment of agricultural waste management strategies: Anaerobic digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:806-817. [PMID: 27664767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
On-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) has been promoted due to its improved environmental performance, which is based on a number of life cycle assessments (LCA). However, the influence of site-specific conditions and practices on AD performance is rarely captured in LCA studies and the effects on C and N cycles are often overlooked. In this paper, a new model for AD (SIMSWASTE-AD) is described in full and tested against a selection of available measured data. Good agreement between modelled and measured values was obtained, reflecting the model capability to predict biogas production (r2=0.84) and N mineralization (r2=0.85) under a range of substrate mixtures and operational conditions. SIMSWASTE-AD was also used to simulate C and N flows and GHG emissions for a set of scenarios exploring different AD technology levels, feedstock mixtures and climate conditions. The importance of post-digestion emissions and its relationship with the AD performance have been stressed as crucial factors to reduce the net GHG emissions (-75%) but also to enhance digestate fertilizer potential (15%). Gas tight digestate storage with residual biogas collection is highly recommended (especially in temperate to warm climates), as well as those operational conditions that can improve the process efficiency on degrading VS (e.g. thermophilic range, longer hydraulic retention time). Beyond the effects on the manure management stage, SIMSWASTE-AD also aims to help account for potential effects of AD on other stages by providing the C and nutrient flows. While primarily designed to be applied within the SIMSDAIRY modelling framework, it can also interact with other models implemented in integrated approaches. Such system scope assessments are essential for stakeholders and policy makers in order to develop effective strategies for reducing GHG emissions and environmental issues in the agriculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Pardo
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N° 1, Planta 1ª, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Moral
- Miguel Hernandez University, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra Beniel Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Agustín Del Prado
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Edificio Sede N° 1, Planta 1ª, Parque Científico de UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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31
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Dennehy C, Lawlor PG, Croize T, Jiang Y, Morrison L, Gardiner GE, Zhan X. Synergism and effect of high initial volatile fatty acid concentrations during food waste and pig manure anaerobic co-digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:173-180. [PMID: 27389859 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and pig manure (PM) was undertaken in batch mode at 37°C in order to identify and quantify the synergistic effects of co-digestion on the specific methane yield (SMY) and reaction kinetics. The effects of the high initial volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in PM on synergy observed during co-digestion, and on kinetic modelling were investigated. PM to FW mixing ratios of 1/0, 4/1, 3/2, 2/3, 1/4 and 0/1 (VS basis) were examined. No VFA or ammonia inhibition was observed. The highest SMY of 521±29ml CH4/gVS was achieved at a PM/FW mixing ratio of 1/4. Synergy in terms of both reaction kinetics and SMY occurred at PM/FW mixing ratios of 3/2, 2/3 and 1/4. Initial VFA concentrations did not explain the synergy observed. Throughout the study the conversion of butyric acid was inhibited. Due to the high initial VFA content of PM, conventional first order and Gompertz models were inappropriate for determining reaction kinetics. A dual pooled first order model was found to provide the best fit for the data generated in this study. The optimal mixing ratio in terms of both reaction kinetics and SMY was found at a PM/FW mixing ratio of 1/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Dennehy
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas Croize
- Agro Paris Tech, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yan Jiang
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gillian E Gardiner
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering & Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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32
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Jayasundara S, Ranga Niroshan Appuhamy J, Kebreab E, Wagner-Riddle C. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian dairy farms and mitigation options: An updated review. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review examined methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation strategies for Canadian dairy farms. The primary focus was research conducted in Canada and cold climatic regions with similar dairy systems. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the impact of a given strategy when sufficient data were available. Results indicated that options to reduce enteric CH4from dairy cows were increasing the dietary starch content and dietary lipid supplementation. Replacing barley or alfalfa silage with corn silage with higher starch content decreased enteric CH4per unit of milk by 6%. Increasing dietary lipids from 3% to 6% of dry matter (DM) reduced enteric CH4yield by 9%. Strategies such as nitrate supplementation and 3-nitrooxypropanol additive indicated potential for reducing enteric CH4by about 30% but require extensive research on toxicology and consumer acceptance. Strategies to reduce emissions from manure are anaerobic digestion, composting, solid–liquid separation, covering slurry storage and flaring CH4, and reducing methanogen inoculum by complete emptying of slurry storage at spring application. These strategies have potential to reduce emissions from manure by up to 50%. An integrated approach of combining strategies through diet and manure management is necessary for significant GHG mitigation and lowering carbon footprint of milk produced in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susantha Jayasundara
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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33
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Review: Comparison of 3 alternatives for large-scale processing of animal carcasses and meat by-products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15232/pas.2015-01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gómez-Brandón M, Juárez MFD, Zangerle M, Insam H. Effects of digestate on soil chemical and microbiological properties: A comparative study with compost and vermicompost. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:267-274. [PMID: 26476314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion has become increasingly popular as an alternative for recycling wastes from different origins. Consequently, biogas residues, most of them with unknown chemical and biological composition, accrue in large quantities and their application into soil has become a widespread agricultural practise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of digestate application on the chemical and microbiological properties of an arable soil in comparison with untreated manure, compost and vermicompost. Once in the soil matrix either the addition of compost or digestate led to an increased nitrification rate, relative to unamended and manure-treated soil, after 15 and 60 days of incubation. Faecal coliform and E. coli colony forming units (CFUs) were not detected in any of the amended soils after 60 days. The highest number of Clostridium perfringens CFUs was recorded in manure-amended soil at the beginning of the experiment and after 15 days; whilst after 60 days the lowest CFU number was registered in digestate-treated soil. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns also showed that besides the treatment the date of sampling could have contributed to modifications in the soil ammonia-oxidising bacteria community, thereby indicating that the soil itself may influence the community diversity more strongly than the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Brandón
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Matthias Zangerle
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Insam
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstrasse 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Machovina B, Feeley KJ, Ripple WJ. Biodiversity conservation: The key is reducing meat consumption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 536:419-431. [PMID: 26231772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of animal-sourced food products by humans is one of the most powerful negative forces affecting the conservation of terrestrial ecosystems and biological diversity. Livestock production is the single largest driver of habitat loss, and both livestock and feedstock production are increasing in developing tropical countries where the majority of biological diversity resides. Bushmeat consumption in Africa and southeastern Asia, as well as the high growth-rate of per capita livestock consumption in China are of special concern. The projected land base required by 2050 to support livestock production in several megadiverse countries exceeds 30-50% of their current agricultural areas. Livestock production is also a leading cause of climate change, soil loss, water and nutrient pollution, and decreases of apex predators and wild herbivores, compounding pressures on ecosystems and biodiversity. It is possible to greatly reduce the impacts of animal product consumption by humans on natural ecosystems and biodiversity while meeting nutritional needs of people, including the projected 2-3 billion people to be added to human population. We suggest that impacts can be remediated through several solutions: (1) reducing demand for animal-based food products and increasing proportions of plant-based foods in diets, the latter ideally to a global average of 90% of food consumed; (2) replacing ecologically-inefficient ruminants (e.g. cattle, goats, sheep) and bushmeat with monogastrics (e.g. poultry, pigs), integrated aquaculture, and other more-efficient protein sources; and (3) reintegrating livestock production away from single-product, intensive, fossil-fuel based systems into diverse, coupled systems designed more closely around the structure and functions of ecosystems that conserve energy and nutrients. Such efforts would also impart positive impacts on human health through reduction of diseases of nutritional extravagance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Machovina
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables FL 33156, USA.
| | - Kenneth J Feeley
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables FL 33156, USA
| | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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36
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Arikan OA, Mulbry W, Lansing S. Effect of temperature on methane production from field-scale anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 43:108-113. [PMID: 26101200 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical factor affecting anaerobic digestion because it influences both system heating requirements and methane production. Temperatures of 35-37°C are typically suggested for manure digestion. In temperate climates, digesters require a considerable amount of additional heat energy to maintain temperatures at these levels. In this study, the effects of lower digestion temperatures (22 and 28°C), on the methane production from dairy digesters were evaluated and compared with 35°C using duplicate replicates of field-scale (FS) digesters with a 17-day hydraulic retention time. After acclimation, the FS digesters were operated for 12weeks using solids-separated manure at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.4kgVSm(-3)d(-1) and then for 8weeks using separated manure amended with manure solids at an OLR of 2.6kgVSm(-3)d(-1). Methane production values of the FS digesters at 22 and 28°C were about 70% and 87%, respectively, of the values from FS digesters at 35°C. The results suggest that anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure at 28°C were nearly as efficient as digesters operated at 35°C, with 70% of total methane achievable at 22°C. These results are relevant to small farms interested in anaerobic digestion for methane reduction without heat recovery from generators or for methane recovery from covered lagoon digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman A Arikan
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; University of Maryland, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Istanbul Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Walter Mulbry
- USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Stephanie Lansing
- University of Maryland, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Kaufmann T. Sustainable livestock production: Low emission farm - The innovative combination of nutrient, emission and waste management with special emphasis on Chinese pig production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:104-112. [PMID: 29767170 PMCID: PMC5945937 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Global livestock production is going to be more and more sophisticated in order to improve efficiency needed to supply the rising demand for animal protein of a growing, more urban and affluent population. To cope with the rising public importance of sustainability is a big challenge for all animal farmers and more industrialized operations especially. Confined animal farming operations (CAFO) are seen very critical by many consumers with regard to their sustainability performance, however, the need to improve the sustainability performance especially in the ecological and social dimension exists at both ends of the intensity, i.e., also for the small holder and family owned animal farming models. As in livestock operations, feed and manure contribute the majority to the three most critical environmental impact categories global warming potential (GWP), acidification (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP) any effort for improvement should start there. Intelligent combination of nutrient-, emission- and waste management in an integrated low emission farm (LEF) concept not only significantly reduces the environmental footprint in the ecological dimension of sustainability, but by producing renewable energy (heat, electricity, biomethane) with animal manure as major feedstock in an anaerobic digester also the economic dimension can be improved. Model calculations using new software show the ecological improvement potential of low protein diets using more supplemented amino acids for the Chinese pig production. The ecological impact of producing biogas or upgraded biomethane, of further treatment of the digestate and producing defined fertilizers is discussed. Finally, the LEF concept allows the integration of an insect protein plant module which offers additional ecological and economical sustainability improvement potential in the future. Active stakeholder communication about implementation steps of LEF examples improves also the social aspect of sustainability.
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38
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Bergland WH, Dinamarca C, Toradzadegan M, Nordgård ASR, Bakke I, Bakke R. High rate manure supernatant digestion. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 76:1-9. [PMID: 25776915 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The study shows that high rate anaerobic digestion may be an efficient way to obtain sustainable energy recovery from slurries such as pig manure. High process capacity and robustness to 5% daily load increases are observed in the 370 mL sludge bed AD reactors investigated. The supernatant from partly settled, stored pig manure was fed at rates giving hydraulic retention times, HRT, gradually decreased from 42 to 1.7 h imposing a maximum organic load of 400 g COD L(-1) reactor d(-1). The reactors reached a biogas production rate of 97 g COD L(-1) reactor d(-1) at the highest load at which process stress signs were apparent. The yield was ∼0.47 g COD methane g(-1) CODT feed at HRT above 17 h, gradually decreasing to 0.24 at the lowest HRT (0.166 NL CH4 g(-1) CODT feed decreasing to 0.086). Reactor pH was innately stable at 8.0 ± 0.1 at all HRTs with alkalinity between 9 and 11 g L(-1). The first stress symptom occurred as reduced methane yield when HRT dropped below 17 h. When HRT dropped below 4 h the propionate removal stopped. The yield from acetate removal was constant at 0.17 g COD acetate removed per g CODT substrate. This robust methanogenesis implies that pig manure supernatant, and probably other similar slurries, can be digested for methane production in compact and effective sludge bed reactors. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated a relatively fast adaptation of the microbial communities to manure and implies that non-adapted granular sludge can be used to start such sludge bed bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Dinamarca
- Telemark University College, Kjølnes Ring 56, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway
| | | | - Anna Synnøve Røstad Nordgård
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Bakke
- Telemark University College, Kjølnes Ring 56, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway
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39
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Miranda ND, Tuomisto HL, McCulloch MD. Meta-analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from anaerobic digestion processes in dairy farms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5211-5219. [PMID: 25790272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis quantifies the changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy farms, caused by anaerobically digesting (AD) cattle manure. As this is a novel quantifiable synthesis of the literature, a database of GHG emissions from dairy farms is created. Each case in the database consists of a baseline (reference with no AD system) and an AD scenario. To enable interstudy comparison, emissions are normalized by calculating relative changes (RCs). The distributions of RCs are reported by specific GHGs and operation units. Nonparametric tests are applied to the RCs in order to identify a statistical difference of AD with respect to baseline scenarios (Wilcoxon rank test), correlations (Spearman test), and best estimation for changes in emissions (Kernel density distribution estimator). From 749 studies identified, 30 papers yield 89 independent cases. The median reductions in emissions from the baseline scenarios, according to operation units, are -43.2% (n.s.) for storage, -6.3% for field application of slurries, -11.0% for offset of energy from fossil fuel, and +0.4% (n.s.) for offset of inorganic fertilizers. The leaks from digesters are found to significantly increase the emissions from baseline scenarios (median = +1.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Miranda
- †Energy and Power Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire OX5 1PF, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna L Tuomisto
- ‡European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JCR), Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra, Varese, Italy
| | - Malcolm D McCulloch
- †Energy and Power Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Begbroke Science Park, Begbroke, Oxfordshire OX5 1PF, United Kingdom
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40
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Owen JJ, Silver WL. Greenhouse gas emissions from dairy manure management: a review of field-based studies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:550-65. [PMID: 25044806 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure management accounts for almost 10% of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture globally, and contributes an equal proportion to the US methane emission inventory. Current emissions inventories use emissions factors determined from small-scale laboratory experiments that have not been compared to field-scale measurements. We compiled published data on field-scale measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from working and research dairies and compared these to rates predicted by the IPCC Tier 2 modeling approach. Anaerobic lagoons were the largest source of methane (368 ± 193 kg CH4 hd(-1) yr(-1)), more than three times that from enteric fermentation (~120 kg CH4 hd(-1) yr(-1)). Corrals and solid manure piles were large sources of nitrous oxide (1.5 ± 0.8 and 1.1 ± 0.7 kg N2O hd(-1) yr(-1), respectively). Nitrous oxide emissions from anaerobic lagoons (0.9 ± 0.5 kg N2O hd(-1) yr(-1)) and barns (10 ± 6 kg N2O hd(-1) yr(-1)) were unexpectedly large. Modeled methane emissions underestimated field measurement means for most manure management practices. Modeled nitrous oxide emissions underestimated field measurement means for anaerobic lagoons and manure piles, but overestimated emissions from slurry storage. Revised emissions factors nearly doubled slurry CH4 emissions for Europe and increased N2O emissions from solid piles and lagoons in the United States by an order of magnitude. Our results suggest that current greenhouse gas emission factors generally underestimate emissions from dairy manure and highlight liquid manure systems as promising target areas for greenhouse gas mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine J Owen
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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41
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Marcilhac C, Sialve B, Pourcher AM, Ziebal C, Bernet N, Béline F. Digestate color and light intensity affect nutrient removal and competition phenomena in a microalgal-bacterial ecosystem. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 64:278-287. [PMID: 25078443 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During anaerobic digestion, nutrients are mineralized and may require post-treatment for optimum valorization. The cultivation of autotrophic microalgae using the digestate supernatant is a promising solution; however the dark color of the influent poses a serious problem. First, the color of the digestates was studied and the results obtained using three different digestates demonstrated a strong heterogeneity although their color remained rather constant over time. The digestates absorbed light over the whole visible spectrum and remained colored even after a ten-fold dilution. Secondly, the impact of light and of substrate color on the growth of Scenedesmus sp. and on nitrogen removal were assessed. These experiments led to the construction of a model for predicting the impact of influent color and light intensity on N removal. Maximum N removal (8.5 mgN- [Formula: see text] L(-1) d(-1)) was observed with an initial optical density of 0.221 and 244 μmolE m(-)² s(-1) light and the model allows to determine N removal between 15.9 and 22.7 mgN- [Formula: see text] L(-1) d(-1) in real conditions according to the dilution level of the influent and related color. Changes in the microalgae community were monitored and revealed the advantage of Chlorella over Scenedesmus under light-limitation. Additionally microalgae outcompeted nitrifying bacteria and experiments showed how microalgae become better competitors for nutrients when phosphorus is limiting. Furthermore, nitrification was limited by microalgae growth, even when P was not limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Marcilhac
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Sialve
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Anne-Marie Pourcher
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Christine Ziebal
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Bernet
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Fabrice Béline
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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42
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Effects of psychrophilic storage on manures as substrate for anaerobic digestion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:712197. [PMID: 25165712 PMCID: PMC4139018 DOI: 10.1155/2014/712197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The idea that storage can enhance manure quality as substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD) to recover more methane is evaluated by studying storage time and temperature effects on manure composition. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total dissolved organics (CODs) were measured in full scale pig manure storage for a year and in multiple flasks at fixed temperatures, mainly relevant for colder climates. The CODs generation, influenced by the source of the pig manure, was highest initially (0.3 g COD L−1d−1) gradually dropping for 3 months towards a level of COD loss by methane production at 15°C. Methane emission was low (<0.01 g COD L−1d−1) after a brief initial peak. Significant CODs generation was obtained during the warmer season (T > 10°C) in the full scale storage and almost no generation at lower temperatures (4–6°C). CODs consisted mainly of VFA, especially acetate. All VFAs were present at almost constant ratios. The naturally separated manure middle layer without sediment and coarser particles is suitable for sludge bed AD and improved further during an optimal storage time of 1–3 month(s). This implies that high rate AD can be integrated with regular manure slurry handling systems to obtain efficient biogas generation.
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43
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Estevez MM, Sapci Z, Linjordet R, Schnürer A, Morken J. Semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and steam-exploded Salix with recirculation of liquid digestate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 136:9-15. [PMID: 24534902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of recirculating the liquid fraction of the digestate during mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of steam-exploded Salix and cow manure were investigated in laboratory-scale continuously stirred tank reactors. An average organic loading rate of 2.6 g VS L(-1) d(-1) and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days were employed. Co-digestion of Salix and manure gave better methane yields than digestion of manure alone. Also, a 16% increase in the methane yield was achieved when digestate was recirculated and used instead of water to dilute the feedstock (1:1 dilution ratio). The reactor in which the larger fraction of digestate was recirculated (1:3 dilution ratio) gave the highest methane yields. Ammonia and volatile fatty acids did not reach inhibitory levels, and some potentially inhibitory compounds released during steam explosion (i.e., furfural and 5-hydroxy methyl furfural) were only detected at trace levels throughout the entire study period. However, accumulation of solids, which was more pronounced in the recycling reactors, led to decreased methane yields in those systems after three HRTs. Refraining from the use of fresh water to dilute biomass with a high-solids content and obtaining a final digestate with increased dry matter content might offer important economic benefits in full-scale processes. To ensure long-term stability in such an approach, it would be necessary to optimize separation of the fraction of digestate to be recirculated and also perform proper monitoring to avoid accumulation of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Estevez
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Zehra Sapci
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Environmental Engineering, Bitlis Eren University, 13000 Bitlis, Turkey
| | - Roar Linjordet
- Bioforsk, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Microbiology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7025, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Morken
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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44
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Jaxybayeva A, Yangin-Gomec C, Cetecioglu Z, Ozbayram EG, Yilmaz F, Ince O. Bioenergy production from diluted poultry manure and microbial consortium inside Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor at sub-mesophilic conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:775-785. [PMID: 25065830 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.929911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anaerobic treatability of diluted chicken manure (with an influent feed ratio of 1 kg of fresh chicken manure to 6 L of tap water) was investigated in a lab-scale anaerobic sludge bed (ASB) reactor inoculated with granular seed sludge. The ASB reactor was operated at ambient temperature (17-25°C) in order to avoid the need of external heating up to higher operating temperatures (e.g., up to 35°C for mesophilic digestion). Since heat requirement for raising the temperature of incoming feed for digestion is eliminated, energy recovery from anaerobic treatment of chicken manure could be realized with less operating costs. Average biogas production rates were calculated ca. 210 and 242 L per kg of organic matter removed from the ASB reactor at average hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 13 and 8.6 days, respectively. Moreover, average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of ca. 89% was observed with suspended solids removal more than 97% from the effluent of the ASB reactor. Influent ammonia, on the other hand, did not indicate any free ammonia inhibition due to dilution of the raw manure while pH and alkalinity results showed stability during the study. Microbial quantification results indicated that as the number of bacterial community decreased, the amount of Archaea increased through the effective digestion volume of the ASB reactor. Moreover, the number of methanogens displayed an uptrend like archaeal community and a strong correlation (-0.645) was found between methanogenic community and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration especially acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Jaxybayeva
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Istanbul Technical University , Maslak , Istanbul , Turkey
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45
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Montes F, Meinen R, Dell C, Rotz A, Hristov AN, Oh J, Waghorn G, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Makkar HPS, Dijkstra J. SPECIAL TOPICS — Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: II. A review of manure management mitigation options1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5070-94. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Montes
- Plant Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - R. Meinen
- Animal Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - C. Dell
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A. Rotz
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A. N. Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J. Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | | | - P. J. Gerber
- Agriculture and Consumer protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Henderson
- Agriculture and Consumer protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - H. P. S. Makkar
- Agriculture and Consumer protection Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - J. Dijkstra
- Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Camarillo MK, Stringfellow WT, Spier CL, Hanlon JS, Domen JK. Impact of co-digestion on existing salt and nutrient mass balances for a full-scale dairy energy project. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 128:233-242. [PMID: 23747374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of manure and other agricultural waste streams with subsequent energy production can result in more sustainable dairy operations; however, importation of digester feedstocks onto dairy farms alters previously established carbon, nutrient, and salinity mass balances. Salt and nutrient mass balance must be maintained to avoid groundwater contamination and salination. To better understand salt and nutrient contributions of imported methane-producing substrates, a mass balance for a full-scale dairy biomass energy project was developed for solids, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, chloride, and potassium. Digester feedstocks, consisting of thickened manure flush-water slurry, screened manure solids, sudan grass silage, and feed-waste, were tracked separately in the mass balance. The error in mass balance closure for most elements was less than 5%. Manure contributed 69.2% of influent dry matter while contributing 77.7% of nitrogen, 90.9% of sulfur, and 73.4% of phosphorus. Sudan grass silage contributed high quantities of chloride and potassium, 33.3% and 43.4%, respectively, relative to the dry matter contribution of 22.3%. Five potential off-site co-digestates (egg waste, grape pomace, milk waste, pasta waste, whey wastewater) were evaluated for anaerobic digestion based on salt and nutrient content in addition to bio-methane potential. Egg waste and wine grape pomace appeared the most promising co-digestates due to their high methane potentials relative to bulk volume. Increasing power production from the current rate of 369 kW to the design value of 710 kW would require co-digestion with either 26800 L d(-1) egg waste or 60900 kg d(-1) grape pomace. However, importation of egg waste would more than double nitrogen loading, resulting in an increase of 172% above the baseline while co-digestion with grape pomace would increase potassium by 279%. Careful selection of imported co-digestates and management of digester effluent is required to manage salt and nutrient mass loadings and reduce groundwater impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kay Camarillo
- Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering & Computer Science, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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Massé DI, Gilbert Y, Saady NMC, Liu C. Low-temperature anaerobic digestion of swine manure in a plug-flow reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2617-2624. [PMID: 24527623 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.781229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature (25 degrees C) anaerobic eight-compartment (PF01 to PF08) cascade reactor simulating a plug-flow reactor (PFR) treating pig manure was monitored for a year. The bioreactor was fed at an average loading rate of 2.4 +/- 0.2 g of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) per litre of reactor per day for a theoretical hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 67 +/- 7 d. An average of 79% of TCOD was removed from pig manure (converted into biogas and in sediments), whereas specific methane yields ranging from 397 to 482 NL CH4 kg(-1) VS (148.6 to 171.4 NL CH4 kg(-1) TCOD) were obtained. After 150 d, fluctuating performances of the process were observed, associated with solids accumulation in the upstream compartments, preventing the complete anaerobic digestion of swine manure in the compartments PF01 to PF04. Low-temperature anaerobic PFR represents an interesting alternative for the treatment of pig manure and recovery of green energy. Further investigations regarding a modified design, with better accumulating solids management, are needed to optimize the performance of this low-temperature PFR treating pig manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Massé
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Yan Gilbert
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - N M C Saady
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada
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48
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Linke B, Muha I, Wittum G, Plogsties V. Mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure and biogas crops in full scale German biogas plants: a model for calculating the effect of hydraulic retention time and VS crop proportion in the mixture on methane yield from digester and from digestate storage at different temperatures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:689-695. [PMID: 23334028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Data from 24 full scale biogas plants in Germany digesting cow manure and crops were evaluated. Special emphasis was given to the effect of hydraulic retention time HRT and proportion of crops in the mixture (VS basis) p(VS,Crops)(Inp) on the methane yield from the digester [Formula: see text] and the storage tank [Formula: see text] at 37 and 22°C. The evaluation has shown model parameters for maximal methane yield of manure and crops [Formula: see text] at 270 and 420 Lkg(-1), respectively. For example, at HRT of 60days, maximum methane yield result to 249 and 388 Lkg(-1) for a crop proportion in the input of 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The calculation of [Formula: see text] considers first order reaction rates and a temperature term f(T). Hence, at any arbitrary temperature in the range of 12°C<T<37°C the values of [Formula: see text] in the course of time can be calculated, which correspond to methane emissions for uncovered storage tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Linke
- Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik, Potsdam-Bornim e.V. Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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49
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Raju CS, Sutaryo S, Ward AJ, Møller HB. Effects of high-temperature isochoric pre-treatment on the methane yields of cattle, pig and chicken manure. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:239-244. [PMID: 23530336 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.689482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cattle manure, dewatered pig manure and chicken manure were pre-treated in a high-temperature reactor under isochoric conditions for 15 min at temperatures between 100 and 225 degrees C with 25 degrees C intervals to study the effect on their methane yield. After 27 days of batch incubation, cattle manure showed a significant improvement in its biochemical methane potential (BMP) of 13% at 175 degrees C and 21% at 200 degrees C. Pig manure showed improvements at temperatures of 125 degrees C and above, with a maximum 29% increase in yield at 200 degrees C. The BMP of chicken manure was reduced by 18% at 225 degrees C, but at lower temperatures there were no significant changes. It was found that this method of pre-treatment could be feasible if sufficient surplus energy was available or if the energy used in the pre-treatment could be recovered.
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50
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Möller K, Müller T. Effects of anaerobic digestion on digestate nutrient availability and crop growth: A review. Eng Life Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 716] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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