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Saha S, Namai F, Nishiyama K, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Role of immunomodulatory probiotics in alleviating bacterial diarrhea in piglets: a systematic review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:112. [PMID: 39129013 PMCID: PMC11318305 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a common enteric disease in piglets that leads to high mortality and economic losses in swine production worldwide. Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent or treat diarrhea in piglets. However, irrational antibiotic use contributes to the development of resistance in bacteria and antibiotic residues in animal products, threatening public health, while causing gut microbiota dysbiosis and antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in piglets. Therefore, the quest for alternative products (such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, enzymes, essential oils, medium-chain fatty acids, zinc, and plant extracts) has recently been clearly emphasized through the increase in regulations regarding antibiotic use in livestock production. These antibiotic alternatives could lower the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and meet consumer demand for antibiotic-free food. Several antibiotic alternatives have been proposed, including immunomodulatory probiotics, as candidates to reduce the need for antimicrobial therapy. Many studies have revealed that probiotics can avert and cure bacterial diarrhea by regulating the gut function and immune system of piglets. In this review, we focus on the major pathogenic bacteria causing piglet diarrhea, the research status of using probiotics to prevent and treat diarrhea, their possible mechanisms, and the safety issues related to the use of probiotics. Supplementation with probiotics is a possible alternative to antibiotics for the prevention or treatment of bacterial diarrhea in piglets. Furthermore, probiotics exert beneficial effects on feed efficiency and growth performance of piglets. Therefore, appropriate selection and strategies for the use of probiotics may have a positive effect on growth performance and also reduce diarrhea in piglets. This review provides useful information on probiotics for researchers, pig nutritionists, and the additive industry to support their use against bacterial diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeb Saha
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Fu Namai
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), 4000, Tucuman, CP, Argentina.
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8572, Japan.
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
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Yoon KN, Lee HG, Yeom SJ, Kim SS, Park JH, Song BS, Yi SW, Do YJ, Oh B, Oh SI, Eun JB, Park SH, Lee JH, Kim HB, Lee JH, Hur TY, Kim JK. Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 alleviates salmonellosis and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15466. [PMID: 38965336 PMCID: PMC11224356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis AGMB00912 (LA) in reducing Salmonella Typhimurium infection in weaned piglets. The investigation focused on the influence of LA on the gut microbiota composition, growth performance, and Salmonella fecal shedding. The results indicated that LA supplementation significantly improved average daily gain and reduced the prevalence and severity of diarrhea. Fecal analysis revealed reduced Salmonella shedding in the LA-supplemented group. Furthermore, LA notably altered the composition of the gut microbiota, increasing the levels of beneficial Bacillus and decreasing those of harmful Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes. Histopathological examination showed less intestinal damage in LA-treated piglets than in the controls. The study also observed that LA affected metabolic functions related to carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, thereby enhancing gut health and resilience against infection. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the feces were higher in the LA group, suggesting improved gut microbial activity. LA supplementation enriched the population of beneficial bacteria, including Streptococcus, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the number of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia and Campylobacter. These findings indicate the potential of LA as a probiotic alternative for swine nutrition, offering protective effects to the gut microbiota against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Nam Yoon
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Joon Yeom
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Su Kim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heum Park
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Song
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Won Yi
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Huck Lee
- Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases and Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Kyung Kim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Liu HY, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yuan L, Li S, Gu F, Hu P, Chen S, Cai D. Alternatives to antibiotics in pig production: looking through the lens of immunophysiology. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1. [PMID: 38163818 PMCID: PMC10758383 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the livestock production system, the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of "The Hygiene Hypothesis" in humans. I.e., improved hygiene conditions, reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life, and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants. It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs. In the current review, we first described porcine mucosal immunity, followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage. Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed. It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Elbaz AM, Farrag B, Mesalam NM, Basuony HA, Badran AMM, Abdel-Moneim AME. Growth performance, digestive function, thyroid activity, and immunity of growing rabbits fed olive cake with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae or citric acid. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:376. [PMID: 37878115 PMCID: PMC10600033 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03794-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of dietary inclusion of olive cakes (OC) with or without Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and citric acid (CA) on growth, digestive function, thyroid activity, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal architecture of growing rabbits. One hundred forty 35-day-old male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into seven experimental groups with five replicates each, as follows: control (CN), fed the basal diet; OC20 and OC25, fed diets with 20 and 25% OC; OS20 and OS25, fed diets containing 20 and 25% OC with S. cerevisiae at 5 g/kg diet; OA20 and OA25, fed diets supplemented with 20 and 25% OC with 1.0% citric acid. No differences in live body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass traits were noticed among experimental groups, while body weight gain and carcass (%) were increased (P < 0.05) in OS20 compared to the control. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients and activities of amylase, cellulose, and trypsin did not differ in treated groups compared to the control except for OS20, which recorded enhancement in nutrient digestibility. Plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine were elevated (P < 0.05), while triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced (P < 0.05) in OS20 compared to CN. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin M and G and superoxide dismutase were increased in treated groups compared to the control. Dietary inclusion of SC and CA improved rabbits' intestinal health, as the cecal Lactobacillus count was increased, E. coli count was decreased, and villus height was elevated in SC- and CA-treated groups. In conclusion, dietary incorporation of SC or CA enhanced the nutritional value of OC and improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, thyroid activity, antioxidative status, and gut health of growing rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noura M Mesalam
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamdy A Basuony
- Biological Applications Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aml M M Badran
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Matthews C, Walsh AM, Gordon SV, Markey B, Cotter PD, O' Mahony J. Differences in Faecal Microbiome Taxonomy, Diversity and Functional Potential in a Bovine Cohort Experimentally Challenged with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101652. [PMID: 37238082 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease in ruminants, a chronic enteritis which results in emaciation and eventual loss of the animal. Recent advances in metagenomics have allowed a more in-depth study of complex microbiomes, including that of gastrointestinal tracts, and have the potential to provide insights into consequences of the exposure of an animal to MAP or other pathogens. This study aimed to investigate taxonomic diversity and compositional changes of the faecal microbiome of cattle experimentally challenged with MAP compared to an unexposed control group. Faecal swab samples were collected from a total of 55 animals [exposed group (n = 35) and a control group (n = 20)], across three time points (months 3, 6 and 9 post-inoculation). The composition and functional potential of the faecal microbiota differed across time and between the groups (p < 0.05), with the primary differences, from both a taxonomic and functional perspective, occurring at 3 months post inoculation. These included significant differences in the relative abundance of the genera Methanobrevibacter and Bifidobacterium and also of 11 other species (4 at a higher relative abundance in the exposed group and 7 at a higher relative abundance in the control group). Correlations were made between microbiome data and immunopathology measurements and it was noted that changes in the microbial composition correlated with miRNA-155, miR-146b and IFN-ɣ. In summary, this study illustrates the impact of exposure to MAP on the ruminant faecal microbiome with a number of species that may have relevance in veterinary medicine for tracking exposure to MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Matthews
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Aaron M Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bryan Markey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jim O' Mahony
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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6
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Feed additives of bacterial origin as an immunoprotective or imunostimulating factor. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Since January 2006 when using antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed have been banned scientists are looking for the best resolution to apply alternative substances. Extensive research into the health-promoting properties of probiotics and prebiotics has led to significant interest in the mechanisms of action of the combined administration of these feed additives as a synbiotic. Subsequent research has led to the development of new products. Among the most important health benefits of additives are, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the GI tract, maintenance of homeostasis, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and increase in immunity. Specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of action are not well understood and the effect is not always positive, though there are no reports of adverse effects of these substances found in the literature. For this reason, research is still being conducted on their proper application. However, due to the difficulties of carrying out research on humans, evidence of the beneficial effect of these additives comes mainly from experiments on animals. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, as well as new additives including postbiotics, proteobiotics, nutribiotics, and pharmabiotics, on specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of action, increase in immunity, the reduction of a broad spectrum of diseases.
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Konieczka P, Ferenc K, Jørgensen JN, Hansen LH, Zabielski R, Olszewski J, Gajewski Z, Mazur-Kuśnirek M, Szkopek D, Szyryńska N, Lipiński K. Feeding Bacillus-based probiotics to gestating and lactating sows is an efficient method for improving immunity, gut functional status and biofilm formation by probiotic bacteria in piglets at weaning. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Sarkar VK, De UK, Kala A, Verma AK, Chauhan A, Paul BR, Soni S, Gandhar JS, Chaudhuri P, Patra MK, Eregowda CG, Gaur GK. Early-Life Intervention of Lactoferrin and Probiotic in Suckling Piglets: Effects on Immunoglobulins, Intestinal Integrity, and Neonatal Mortality. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:149-159. [PMID: 35793035 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of early-life bovine lactoferrin and host specific probiotic interventions on growth performance, mortality, and concentrations of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G and transforming growth factor beta 1 (a marker of intestinal integrity) in serum of neonatal piglets. A total of eight piglet litters from parity matched sows were randomly divided into four groups and assigned to one of the four interventions: control (sterile normal saline), bovine lactoferrin (100 mg bovine lactoferrin), probiotic (1 × 109 colony forming unit (cfu) of swine origin Pediococcus acidilactici FT28 probiotic), and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic (100 mg bovine lactoferrin and 1 × 109 CFU of P. acidilactici FT28 probiotic). All the interventions were given once daily through oral route for first 7 days of life. The average daily gain (p = 0.0004) and weaning weight (p < 0.0001) were significantly improved in the probiotic group. The piglet survivability was significantly higher in bovine lactoferrin and probiotic groups than control group in Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A on day 21 in bovine lactoferrin, probiotic, and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic groups increased significantly (p < 0.05). Immunoglobulin G concentrations on day 7 and 15 in bovine lactoferrin and bovine lactoferrin + probiotic groups and on day 15 in probiotic group were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated, whereas, the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 was significantly (p < 0.05) increased from day 7 to 21 in all the supplemented groups. In conclusion, the early-life bovine lactoferrin and P. acidilactici FT28 probiotic interventions reduced the mortality in the suckling piglets by promoting the systemic immunity and enhancing the intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kumar Sarkar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Ujjwal Kumar De
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India.
| | - Anju Kala
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Ashok Kumar Verma
- Division of Animal Nutrition, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Babul Rudra Paul
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Srishti Soni
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Jitendra Singh Gandhar
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Manas Kumar Patra
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
| | - Chethan Gollahalli Eregowda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agriculture University, Selesih, Aizawl, 796014, Mizoram, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 (UP), India
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Upadhaya SD, Kim IH. Maintenance of gut microbiome stability for optimum intestinal health in pigs - a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:140. [PMID: 36474259 PMCID: PMC9727896 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are exposed to various challenges such as weaning, environmental stressors, unhealthy diet, diseases and infections during their lifetime which adversely affects the gut microbiome. The inability of the pig microbiome to return to the pre-challenge baseline may lead to dysbiosis resulting in the outbreak of diseases. Therefore, the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity, robustness and stability has been influential for optimum intestinal health after perturbations. Nowadays human and animal researches have focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a robust gut microbiota that provides protection against pathogens and improves the digestive physiology and the immune system. In this review, we present an overview of the swine gut microbiota, factors affecting the gut microbiome and the importance of microbial stability in promoting optimal intestinal health. Additionally, we discussed the current understanding of nutritional interventions using fibers and pre/probiotics supplementation as non-antibiotic alternatives to maintain microbiota resilience to replace diminished species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, 31116 Choongnam South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- grid.411982.70000 0001 0705 4288Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, No.29 Anseodong, Cheonan, 31116 Choongnam South Korea
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Chaudhari K, Mohan M, Saudagar P, Sable C, Shinde S, Bedade D. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of probiotic potential and safety assessment of Bacillus coagulans SKB LAB-19 (MCC 0554) in humans and animal healthcare. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105218. [PMID: 35793725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans is Gram positive, spore forming and high lactic acid producing bacteria; however, probiotic and safety assessment of the isolated strain need to be investigated for commercial applications. Current study aimed to screen SKB LAB-19 for potential probiotic characteristics viz. enzyme production, antimicrobial properties, pH/bile salt tolerance, temperature stability, antidiarrheal activity in Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats; and acute oral toxicity in mice. The results showed that, SKB LAB-19 produces eight potential enzymes, effective against E. coli and C. perfringensis, tolerant to bile salt (0.3%)/gastric pH (2.5), stable at 40-90 °C and nontoxic to cells. SKB LAB-19 was found to be safe and displayed promising results to reverse E. coli and castor oil induced diarrhoea. Histopathological studies showed repair to damaged mucosal epithelium cells and improves integrity of the goblet cells of colon. SKB LAB-19 showed immunomodulatory effects with increased immunoglobulins in blood and augmented weight of spleen and thymus. In addition, SKB LAB-19 showed significant in-vitro antioxidant activity (82.93%), reducing capacity and ascorbate auto-oxidation inhibition effect (94.62%). These preliminary results suggested that, SKB LAB-19 was found to be safe and has the potential to be used as effective probiotic and anti-diarrhoeal agent in humans and animal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology, MGV's Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nasik, 422003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Mohan
- Department of Pharmacology, MGV's Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nasik, 422003, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag Saudagar
- S K Biobiz Pvt. Ltd. Hall I-2, Sancheti Warehousing Complex, 10th Mile, Mumbai Agra Road, Jaulke, Tal. Dindori, Nasik, 422206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetna Sable
- S K Biobiz Pvt. Ltd. Hall I-2, Sancheti Warehousing Complex, 10th Mile, Mumbai Agra Road, Jaulke, Tal. Dindori, Nasik, 422206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sominath Shinde
- S K Biobiz Pvt. Ltd. Hall I-2, Sancheti Warehousing Complex, 10th Mile, Mumbai Agra Road, Jaulke, Tal. Dindori, Nasik, 422206, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dattatray Bedade
- S K Biobiz Pvt. Ltd. Hall I-2, Sancheti Warehousing Complex, 10th Mile, Mumbai Agra Road, Jaulke, Tal. Dindori, Nasik, 422206, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Beneficial effects of probiotics on the pig production cycle: an overview of clinical impacts and performance. Vet Microbiol 2022; 269:109431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sampath V, Park JH, Kim IH. Inclusion of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) in high- and low-nutrient-density diets reveals a positive result on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, and blood profile in growing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A total of 160 growing pigs (24.69 ± 1.89 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two different levels of nutrient density diet with or without 0.3% probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum). Each treatment had eight replicates with five pigs (three gilts and two barrows) per pen. At the end of the trial, pigs fed 0.3% probiotic supplement had significantly increased body weight, whereas the average daily gain and gain to feed ratio was significantly increased in both probiotic and high-nutrient density (HD) diet. The nutrient digestibility of dry matter was significantly increased in pigs fed HD diet, whereas nitrogen and gross energy digestibility and blood characters immunoglobulin and lymphocyte counts were significantly increased in both HD and probiotic groups. Inclusion of HD diet with 0.3% probiotic significantly decreased NH3 and H2S gas emission. Moreover, nitrogen and energy showed a significant interaction between probiotic and density diet. In summary, dietary probiotics with HD diet increased the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and reduced gas emission. We suggest that 0.3% probiotic with HD diet could serve as an alternative feed additive to enhance the growth performance of growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetriselvi Sampath
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Śliżewska K, Chlebicz-Wójcik A, Nowak A. Probiotic Properties of New Lactobacillus Strains Intended to Be Used as Feed Additives for Monogastric Animals. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:146-162. [PMID: 32577907 PMCID: PMC7904557 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the safety and probiotic properties of selected Lactobacillus strains, which are intended to be fed to monogastric animals. The Lactobacillus spp. appeared to be safe since they did not degrade mucus and did not exhibit β-haemolysis. Moreover, the survival of Caco-2 cells in the presence of metabolites of the selected strains was high, which also indicated their safety. The analysed strains showed moderate or strong antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, which was tested with the usage of the agar slab method. Furthermore, the strains showed high survivability in an acidic environment and the presence of bile salts (~90%). High resistivity or moderate susceptibility to antibiotics was also observed, as a result of the disc diffusion method. The strains were mostly moderately hydrophilic (hydrophobicity: 10.43–41.14%); nevertheless, their auto-aggregation capability exceeded 50% and their co-aggregation with pathogens varied between 12.12 and 85.45%. The ability of the selected strains to adhere to Caco-2 cells was also analysed; they were found to be moderately adhesive (85.09–95.05%) and able to hinder pathogens attaching to the cells (up to 62.58%). The analysed strains exhibit probiotic properties, such as high survivability and adherence to epithelial cells; therefore, they are suitable for administration to monogastric animals. Since the overuse of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and accumulation of chemotherapeutic residues in food of animal origin, it is of vital importance to introduce alternative feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Chlebicz-Wójcik
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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Dell’Anno M, Callegari ML, Reggi S, Caprarulo V, Giromini C, Spalletta A, Coranelli S, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Rossi L. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061766. [PMID: 34204784 PMCID: PMC8231520 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global concern. Effective alternatives that could replace and reduce antimicrobial treatments in farming have therefore become crucial for animal, human and environmental health. In swine farming, weaning is a stressful phase where piglets can develop multifactorial enteric disorders that require antibiotic treatments. Functional nutrition could thus represent a valuable alternative to reduce and tackle antibiotic resistance. This study assesses the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on in-feed supplementation in weaned piglets. After weaning, piglets were allotted to four experimental groups fed a basal diet (CTRL) and a basal diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA), L. reuteri and a combination of the two strains (P+R) for 28 days. Zootechnical performance and diarrhoea occurrence were recorded. Microbiological and serum metabolism analyses of faeces and blood samples were performed. Supplemented groups with lactobacilli showed a lower occurrence of diarrhoea and improved faecal consistency compared to the control. The PLA group registered the lowest diarrhoea frequency during the 28-day experimental period. The results suggest that dietary administration of L. plantarum and L. reuteri could prevent the occurrence of diarrhoea in weaned piglets. Abstract The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri and their combination were assessed in weaned piglets. Three hundred and fifty weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White), balanced in terms of weight and sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (25 pens, 14 piglets/pen). Piglets were fed a basal control diet (CTRL, six pens) and a treatment diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA, 6 pens), 2 × 108 CFU/g L. reuteri (REU, six pens) and the combination of both bacterial strains (1 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum combined with 1 × 108 CFU/g of L. reuteri, P+R, 7 pens) for 28 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea occurrence was assessed weekly by the faecal score (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets per pen for microbiological analyses and serum samples were collected from two piglets per pen for serum metabolic profiling. Treatments significantly reduced diarrhoea occurrence and decreased the average faecal score (0.94 ± 0.08 CTRL, 0.31 ± 0.08 PLA, 0.45 ± 0.08 REU, 0.27 ± 0.08 P+R; p < 0.05). The PLA group registered the lowest number of diarrhoea cases compared to other groups (20 cases CTRL, 5 cases PLA, 8 cases REU, 10 cases P+R; p < 0.01). After 28 days, the globulin serum level increased in PLA compared to the other groups (24.91 ± 1.09 g/L CTRL, 28.89 ± 1.03 g/L PLA, 25.91 ± 1.03 g/L REU, 25.31 ± 1.03 g/L P+R; p < 0.05). L. plantarum and L. reuteri could thus be considered as interesting functional additives to prevent diarrhoea occurrence in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Luisa Callegari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Serena Reggi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Valentina Caprarulo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | - Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
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Rodríguez-Sorrento A, Castillejos L, López-Colom P, Cifuentes-Orjuela G, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Martín-Orúe SM. Effects of Bifidobacterium longum Subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, Combined or Not With Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin, on Weaned Pigs Orally Challenged With Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2012. [PMID: 32973728 PMCID: PMC7472873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a common causative agent of enteric disease and is developing mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Probiotics, such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and prebiotic fibers are a potential alternative to counteract this pathogen as they have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing its adhesion, reducing intestinal damage, and enhancing the host immune system. Furthermore, the benefits are expected to be potentiated when these compounds are administered together. A trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of two probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (Laboratorios Ordesa S.L.) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, combined or not with a prebiotic containing oligofructose-enriched inulin, against Salmonella Typhimurium. Ninety-six piglets (28 days old) were distributed into 32 pens assigned to 5 treatments: one non-challenged (control diet, CTR+) and four challenged: control diet (CTR−) or supplemented with probiotics (>3 × 1010 cfu/kg each strain, PRO), prebiotic (5%, PRE), or their combination (SYN). After 1 week of adaptation, animals were orally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Feed intake, weight, and clinical signs were recorded. On days 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI), one animal per pen was euthanized, and samples from blood, digestive content, and ileal tissues were collected to determine Salmonella counts, fermentation products, ileal histomorphology, and serum TNF-α and Pig-MAP concentrations. The effect of the oral challenge was evidenced by animal performance, fecal consistency, and intestinal architecture. Regarding the experimental treatments, animals belonging to the PRO group experienced a faster clearance of the pathogen, with more pigs being negative to its excretion at the end of the study and recovering the impaired ileal villi/crypt ratio more rapidly. Animals receiving the PRE diet showed a lower intestinal colonization by Salmonella, with no countable levels (<3 cfu/g) in any of the analyzed samples, and an augmented immune response suggested by serum Pig-MAP concentrations. Treatments including the prebiotic (PRE and SYN) showed similar changes in the fermentation pattern, with an increase in the molar percentage of valeric acid concentration in the colon. The SYN group, however, did not show any of the outcomes registered for PRO and PRE in Salmonella colonization or in immunity markers, suggesting the lack of synbiotic action in this animal model. Further research is needed to better understand the complex mechanisms behind these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paola López-Colom
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Susana María Martín-Orúe
- Servicio de Nutrición y Bienestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Patil Y, Gooneratne R, Ju XH. Interactions between host and gut microbiota in domestic pigs: a review. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:310-334. [PMID: 31760878 PMCID: PMC7524349 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1690363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that pig gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis as well as in a myriad of physiological, neurological and immunological functions; including protection from pathogens and digestion of food materials - some of which would be otherwise indigestible by the pig. A rich and diverse gut microbial ecosystem (balanced microbiota) is the hallmark of good health; while qualitative and quantitative perturbations in the microbial composition can lead to development of various diseases. Alternatively, diseases caused by stressors or other factors have been shown to negatively impact the microbiota. This review focuses primarily on how commensal microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs influence biochemical, physiological, immunological, and metabolic processes within the host animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadnyavalkya Patil
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Wine, Food, and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
- Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Wine, Food, and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Xiang-Hong Ju
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
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Development of Swine's Digestive Tract Microbiota and Its Relation to Production Indices-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030527. [PMID: 32245217 PMCID: PMC7143181 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Proper cooperation between digestive system microbiota and the host is an important issue in maintaining proper health condition, and—in the case of farm animals—production indices. In the case of pigs, microbiota significantly affect production parameters such as meat quality, growth rate or improvement of immune response to infections. Understanding of pig digestive system microbiota and factors affecting this is an important issue. This may enable improvement of animal performance and stabilization of microbiota during their growth, reducing the risk of metabolic or systemic diseases. Abstract The development of research methods and tools related to microbiome investigation, as well as widened knowledge and awareness concerning the significance of microorganisms inhabiting mammalian organisms, has led to an increasing popularity of studies in this field. This review paper presents some issues related to the swine microbiome, its development starting from an early age of life and its status in adult animals, as well as factors affecting the microbiome in pigs. Attention is paid to the role of probiotics and prebiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in the context of post-weaning diarrhea treatment, and to the role of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract of pigs in performance indices formation. In veterinary and pork production practice, understanding of the swine microbiome and its relationships with the host organism may be useful in the prevention of some diseases and also in improvement of performance results of animals.
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Lépine AFP, Konstanti P, Borewicz K, Resink JW, de Wit NJ, Vos PD, Smidt H, Mes JJ. Combined dietary supplementation of long chain inulin and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 supports oral vaccination efficacy against Salmonella Typhimurium in piglets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18017. [PMID: 31784576 PMCID: PMC6884548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine use of antibiotics in livestock animals strongly contributed to the creation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains (STM). Vaccination is an alternative to the use of antibiotics but often suffers from low efficacy. The present study investigated whether long-chain inulin (lcITF) and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 (LaW37) can support vaccination efficacy against STM and if the interventions influence possible gut microbiota changes. Piglets received daily supplementation until sacrifice. Animals were vaccinated on day 25 after birth, one day after weaning, and were challenged with STM on days 52–54. Dietary intervention with lcITF/LaW37 enhanced vaccination efficacy by 2-fold during challenge and resulted in higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and lower relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in faeces. Although strongest microbial effects were observed post STM challenge on day 55, transient effects of the lcITF/LaW37 intervention were also detected on day 10 after birth, and post-weaning on day 30 where increased relative abundance of faecal lactobacilli was correlated with higher faecal consistency. LcITF treatment increased post-weaning feed efficiency and faecal consistency but did not support vaccination efficacy. Vaccination in immune-immature young animals can be enhanced with functional additives which can simultaneously promote health in an ingredient-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia F P Lépine
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Resink
- Trouw Nutrition Research & Development, Stationsstraat 77, 3811 MH, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole J de Wit
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Khan S, Chousalkar KK. Short-term feeding of probiotics and synbiotics modulates caecal microbiota during Salmonella Typhimurium infection but does not reduce shedding and invasion in chickens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:319-334. [PMID: 31758235 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Positive modulation of gut microbiota in laying chickens may offer a strategy for reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium shedding and production of safer poultry products. In the current study, the caecal luminal microbiota of laying chicks was studied using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on DNA obtained from the chicks that were offered supplementation with commercial probiotics, synbiotics and/or Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. The load of Salmonella Typhimurium in various organs was quantified. Irrespective of the probiotics and synbiotics supplementation and Salmonella Typhimurium challenge, caecal microbiota was dominated by 22 distinct bacterial genera and 14 families that clustered into Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum level. Taken together, probiotics and synbiotics supplementation increased (false discovery rate; FDR < 0.05) the abundance of Ruminococcus, Trabulsiella, Bifidobacterium, Holdemania and Oscillospira, indicating their role in maintaining gut health through lowering luminal pH and digestion of complex polysaccharides. Salmonella Typhimurium challenge decreased the abundance of Trabulsiella, Oscillospira, Holdemania, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and increased Klebsiella and Escherichia, indicating its role in caecal dysbiosis. Although probiotics and synbiotics supplementation positively modulated the caecal microbiota, they were not effective in significantly (P > 0.05) reducing Salmonella Typhimurium load in caecal tissue and invasion into vital organs such as liver and spleen. The early colonisation of laying chick caeca by probiotics and synbiotics had the potential to positively influence luminal microbiota; however, the microbial abundance and diversity were not sufficient to significantly reduce the shedding of Salmonella Typhimurium in faeces or invasion into internal organs during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - Kapil K Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia.
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Wang J, Wang S, Liu H, Zhang D, Wang Y, Ji H. Effects of oligosaccharides on the growth and stress tolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 in vitro, and the potential synbiotic effects of L. plantarum ZLP001 and fructo-oligosaccharide in post-weaning piglets1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4588-4597. [PMID: 31410455 PMCID: PMC6827270 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of seven oligosaccharides on the growth rate and stress tolerance of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 in vitro, and the potential synbiotic effects of the most effective oligosaccharide [fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS)] and L. plantarum ZLP001 on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, and serum immune index in weaning piglets. Most oligosaccharides were utilized as carbohydrate sources by L. plantarum ZLP001, but we observed obvious differences in the bacterial growth depending on oligosaccharide type and concentration. Oligosaccharides and glucose significantly alleviated the decrease in L. plantarum ZLP001 viability in artificial gastric fluid, whereas none of the sugars affected viability in artificial intestinal fluid. FOS and galacto-oligosaccharide significantly improved the viability of L. plantarum ZLP001 under heat stress (65 °C for 15 and 30 min). FOS and soybean oligosaccharide significantly increased the viability of L. plantarum ZLP001 in response to cold stress (4 °C for 30 and 60 days). On the basis of the findings of in vitro experiments, we selected FOS for in vivo studies. Eighty-four weaned piglets were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control (basal diet, no additives), freeze-dried L. plantarum ZLP001 (4.2 × 109 CFU/g, 2 g/kg diet), FOS (5 g/kg diet), and combination (0.2% L. plantarum ZLP001 + 0.5% FOS). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded for determinations of the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed-to-gain ratio (F/G). On day 28, fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbiota, and serum samples were collected to determine the immune status. L. plantarum ZLP001 plus FOS significantly increased ADG and decreased the F/G ratio compared with the no-additive control. The combination treatment also increased the apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. Compared with the control and single supplementation, the combination treatment had a significant regulatory effect on the intestinal microbiota, as evidenced by increases in Lactobacillus spp. and a decrease in Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, the combination treatment increased the concentrations of serum IFN-γ and immunoglobulin G. In conclusion, FOS can be utilized well by L. plantarum ZLP001 and can be combined with it as a potential synbiotic that shows synergistic effects in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Barba-Vidal E, Martín-Orúe SM, Castillejos L. Practical aspects of the use of probiotics in pig production: A review. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Vieco-Saiz N, Belguesmia Y, Raspoet R, Auclair E, Gancel F, Kempf I, Drider D. Benefits and Inputs From Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters During Food-Animal Production. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30804896 PMCID: PMC6378274 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is escalating and threatening humans and animals worldwide. Different countries have legislated or promoted the ban of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture to reduce this phenomenon. Therefore, to improve animal growth and reproduction performance and to control multiple bacterial infections, there is a potential to use probiotics as non-antibiotic growth promoters. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offer various advantages as potential probiotics and can be considered as alternatives to antibiotics during food-animal production. LAB are safe microorganisms with abilities to produce different inhibitory compounds such as bacteriocins, organic acids as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, and carbon dioxide. LAB can inhibit harmful microorganisms with their arsenal, or through competitive exclusion mechanism based on competition for binding sites and nutrients. LAB endowed with specific enzymatic functions (amylase, protease…) can improve nutrients acquisition as well as animal immune system stimulation. This review aimed at underlining the benefits and inputs from LAB as potential alternatives to antibiotics in poultry, pigs, ruminants, and aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vieco-Saiz
- EA7394-ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, Université de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Yanath Belguesmia
- EA7394-ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, Université de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Ruth Raspoet
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Eric Auclair
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Barœul, France
| | - Frédérique Gancel
- EA7394-ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, Université de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Kempf
- Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
- Université Bretagne Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- EA7394-ICV, Institut Charles Viollette, Université de Lille, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
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Chen Y, Li R, Chang Q, Dong Z, Yang H, Xu C. Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Lactobacillus rhamnosus Suppresses NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Protects against AFB₁-Induced Hepatitis: A Novel Potential Preventive Strategy for Aflatoxicosis? Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E17. [PMID: 30621122 PMCID: PMC6356522 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a mycotoxin found in food and feed, is immunotoxic to animals and poses significant threat to the food industry and animal production. The primary target of AFB₁ is the liver. To overcome aflatoxin toxicity, probiotic-mediated detoxification has been proposed. In the present study, to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Lactobacillus rhamnosus against liver inflammatory responses to AFB₁, mice were administered with AFB₁ (300 μg/kg) and/or Lactobacillus intragastrically for 8 weeks. AML12 cells were cultured and treated with AFB₁, BAY 11-7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor), and different concentrations of L. bulgaricus or L. rhamnosus. The body weight, liver index, histopathological changes, biochemical indices, cytokines, cytotoxicity, and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were measured. AFB₁ exposure caused changes in liver histopathology and biochemical functions, altered inflammatory response, and activated the NF-κB pathway. Supplementation of L. bulgaricus or L. rhamnosus significantly prevented AFB₁-induced liver injury and alleviated histopathological changes and inflammatory response by decreasing NF-κB p65 expression. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that L.rhamnosus evidently protected against AFB₁-induced inflammatory response and decreased NF-κB p65 expression when compared with L. bulgaricus. These findings indicated that AFB₁ exposure can cause inflammatory response by inducing hepatic injury, and supplementation of L. bulgaricus or L. rhamnosus can produce significant protective effect against AFB₁-induced liver damage and inflammatory response by regulating the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Ruirui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Qiaocheng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Zhihao Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Huanmin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China.
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25
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Chen F, Gao SS, Zhu LQ, Qin SY, Qiu HL. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus CF supplementation on growth, meat quality, and microenvironment in specific pathogen-free chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:118-123. [PMID: 29077943 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain CF (Chen Fu) on growth performance, meat quality, and microenvironment in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were investigated and compared with Enterococcus faecium. One-hundred-eighty 7-day-old SPF chickens were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 3 replicate pens of 20 chickens each. Group 1 served as a control that was fed a basal diet without probiotics supplementation. Groups 2 and 3 were fed the basal diet supplemented with L. rhamnosus CF and E. faecium, respectively. On d 12 and 24, BW, ADG, feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressing percentage (DP), and apparent digestibility of crude protein (AD-CP) were calculated. Meat color, fat content, shear force, water content, and pH value of breast and thigh muscles; ammonia, urea nitrogen, and uric acid content in plasma; pH value, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and E. coli in ceca; and ammonia emission were determined. Compared with group 1, group 2 exhibited higher BW, ADG, AD-CP, DP, cecal Lactobacilli, and muscle fat content (P < 0.05) as well as lower FCR, muscle water content, plasma ammonia, pH value, E. coli, and Enterococcus in ceca, and ammonia emission (P < 0.05), and group 3 exhibited higher BW, ADG, AD-CP, DP, and muscle fat content (P < 0.05), as well as lower FCR, meat color, plasma ammonia, E. coli and Enterococcus in ceca, and ammonia emission (d 24) (P < 0.05). Compared with group 3, group 2 exhibited lower plasma ammonia level, E. coli, and pH value in ceca and ammonia emission (P < 0.05) and higher AD-CP, meat color, pH value in thigh muscles, fat content in breast muscles, and number of Lactobacillus in ceca (P < 0.05). Thus, L. rhamnosus CF improves growth performance, meat quality, and microenvironment and is a potential probiotic additive in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - S S Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - L Q Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - S Y Qin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - H L Qiu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, 265200, China
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26
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Liu Y, Espinosa CD, Abelilla JJ, Casas GA, Lagos LV, Lee SA, Kwon WB, Mathai JK, Navarro DM, Jaworski NW, Stein HH. Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:113-125. [PMID: 30140751 PMCID: PMC6103469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges. The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts. Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs. It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | - Gloria A. Casas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Production, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - L. Vanessa Lagos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Su A. Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Woong B. Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John K. Mathai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Hans H. Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Abstract
Intensive farming may involve the use of diets, environments or management practices that impose physiological and psychological stressors on the animals. In particular, early weaning is nowadays a common practice to increase the productive yield of pig farms. Still, it is considered one of the most critical periods in swine production, where piglet performance can be seriously affected and where they are predisposed to the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Pig producers nowadays face the challenge to overcome this situation in a context of increasing restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal production. Great efforts are being made to find strategies to help piglets overcome the challenges of early weaning. Among them, a nutritional strategy that has received increasing attention in the last few years is the use of probiotics. It has been extensively documented that probiotics can reduce digestive disorders and improve productive parameters. Still, research in probiotics so far has also been characterized as being inconsistent and with low reproducibility from farm to farm. Scientific literature related to probiotic effects against gastrointestinal pathogens will be critically examined in this review. Moreover, the actual practical approach when using probiotics in these animals, and potential strategies to increase consistency in probiotic effects, will be discussed. Thus, considering the boost in probiotic research observed in recent years, this paper aims to provide a much-needed, in-depth review of the scientific data published to-date. Furthermore, it aims to be useful to swine nutritionists, researchers and the additive industry to critically consider their approach when developing or using probiotic strategies in weaning piglets.
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28
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Interventions to reduce non-typhoidal Salmonella in pigs during transport to slaughter and lairage: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and research synthesis based infection models in support of assessment of effectiveness. Prev Vet Med 2017; 145:133-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Wang W, Chen J, Zhou H, Wang L, Ding S, Wang Y, Song D, Li A. Effects of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance, blood immune parameters, and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1360254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Palaniyandi SA, Damodharan K, Suh JW, Yang SH. In Vitro Characterization of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains with Inhibitory Activity on Enteropathogens for Use as Potential Animal Probiotics. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:201-210. [PMID: 28611498 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the probiotic properties of three Lactobacillus plantarum strains MJM60319, MJM60298, and MJM60399 possessing antimicrobial activity against animal enteric pathogens. The three strains did not show bioamine production, mucinolytic and hemolytic activity and were susceptible to common antibiotics. The L. plantarum strains survived well in the simulated orogastrointestinal transit condition and showed adherence to Caco-2 cells in vitro. The L. plantarum strains showed strong antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Choleraesuis and Gallinarum compared to the commercial probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of the L. plantarum strains appeared to be by the production of lactic acid. Furthermore, the L. plantarum strains tolerated freeze-drying and maintained higher viability in the presence of cryoprotectants than without cryoprotectants. Finally, the three L. plantarum strains tolerated NaCl up to 8% and maintained >60% growth. These characteristics of the three L. plantarum strains indicate that they could be applied as animal probiotic after appropriate in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar Arunachalam Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Mepco Nagar, Mepco Engineering College Post, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu 626005 India
| | - Karthiyaini Damodharan
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058 Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do 17058 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626 Republic of Korea
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31
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Sandes S, Alvim L, Silva B, Acurcio L, Santos C, Campos M, Santos C, Nicoli J, Neumann E, Nunes Á. Selection of new lactic acid bacteria strains bearing probiotic features from mucosal microbiota of healthy calves: Looking for immunobiotics through in vitro and in vivo approaches for immunoprophylaxis applications. Microbiol Res 2017; 200:1-13. [PMID: 28527759 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
From the birth, since their mucosal microbiota and immune system are not fully developed, newborn calves are susceptible to several mucosal pathogenic microorganisms. Operating through humoral and non-humoral mechanisms in the host, several lactic acid bacteria strains bearing probiotic features are often employed in livestock as food supplement, improving animal production performance, promoting health and reducing the severity of mucosal infections. Accordingly, we isolated, species-level identified and screened for their probiotic potentials seventy lactic acid bacteria strains from upper airway, vaginal and intestinal mucosa of healthy calves. Based on in vitro approaches, we selected three strains: Lactobacillus fermentum V3B-08 isolated from upper airway mucosa, Weissella hellenica V1V-30 isolated from vaginal mucosa and Lactobacillus farciminis B4F-06 isolated from intestinal mucosa were used to mono-colonize germ-free mice in the same site in which these strains were isolated, aiming to characterize their immunomodulatory features. These strains were able to colonize germ-free mice mucosa and trigger sIgA synthesis at a local level, in addition to stimulating, in different ways, adaptive immune responses at a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio Sandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luige Alvim
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Acurcio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cinara Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Campos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Preliminary assessment on potentials of probiotic B. subtilis RX7 and B. methylotrophicus C14 strains as an immune modulator in Salmonella-challenged weaned pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1065-1070. [PMID: 28326485 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 40 crossbred weaned piglets (28 days old; [Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) were used for preliminary assessment on potentials of Bacillus-based probiotics as an immune modulator in a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge model in a 3-week experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted to four experimental diets according to their initial body weight (9.21 ± 1.1 kg) and sex (10 pigs per treatment; 5 barrows and 5 gilts). The dietary treatments were basal diet (CON), basal diet + oral administration of Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium at the dosage of 1 mL containing 1 × 1011 cfu/mL of viable cell concentrations at day 21 (SC), SC + Bacillus subtilis (BS), and SC+ Bacillus methylotrophicus (BM). After 12 h of Salmonella challenge, the red blood cell (RBC), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) whereas haptoglobin and cortisol levels were greater (P < 0.05) in SC compared with CON. However, the concentrations of RBC, IgG, and IgM were increased whereas haptoglobin and cortisol levels were reduced in BS and BM compared with SC. The probiotic-treated groups showed reduced (P < 0.05) IgM levels and increased (P < 0.05) WBC and cortisol levels compared with CON. The supplementation of probiotics showed increased (P < 0.05) fecal Lactobacillus counts and reduced Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts in piglets though there was no biological relevance compared with SC. Thus, in our preliminary study, Bacillus-based probiotic has shown some positive immunomodulatory effects in Salmonella-challenged pigs which provided a base for further studies.
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Chen H, Velayudhan D, Li A, Feng Z, Liu D, Yin Y, Nyachoti C. Growth performance, gastrointestinal microbial activity, and immunological response of piglets receiving microencapsulatedEnterococcus faecalisCG1.0007 and enzyme complex after an oral challenge withEscherichia coli(K88). CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine effects of dietary microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 probiotic and multienzyme complex (MC) in Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) challenged piglets. Thirty-six, 21-d-old weanling pigs were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: a wheat–barley based negative control (NC), NC + MC, NC + probiotic, and NC + MC + probiotic. After 7-d acclimatization to treatments, pigs were weighed, blood was sampled, and then the pigs were orally challenged with an ETEC inoculum. After the challenge, blood was sampled at different time points; performance measures and fecal consistency scores were recorded; and on day 14, all pigs were killed to obtain intestinal tissue samples. During prechallenge, pigs receiving enzyme, probiotic, and a combination of both showed a significant improvement in daily gain (P = 0.03) and feed efficiency (P = 0.04) compared with control. During the postchallenge period, a greater (P = 0.05) ileal villus height was observed for diets supplemented with probiotic alone. Overall, pigs fed diets with probiotic alone also showed less incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.04) compared with control. In summary, the results indicate that dietary supplementation with microencapsulated Enterococcus faecalis CG1.0007 in weaned piglets challenged with ETEC was effective in controlling diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, China
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - D.E. Velayudhan
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - A. Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, China
| | - Z. Feng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, China
| | - D. Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin, China
| | - Y.L. Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - C.M. Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Mapping B-cell responses to Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis in chickens for the discrimination of infected from vaccinated animals. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31186. [PMID: 27510219 PMCID: PMC4980624 DOI: 10.1038/srep31186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological surveillance and vaccination are important strategies for controlling infectious diseases of food production animals. However, the compatibility of these strategies is limited by a lack of assays capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA tests) for established killed or attenuated vaccines. Here, we used next generation phage-display (NGPD) and a 2-proportion Z score analysis to identify peptides that were preferentially bound by IgY from chickens infected with Salmonella Typhimurium or S. Enteritidis compared to IgY from vaccinates, for both an attenuated and an inactivated commercial vaccine. Peptides that were highly enriched against IgY from at least 4 out of 10 infected chickens were selected: 18 and 12 peptides for the killed and attenuated vaccines, respectively. The ten most discriminatory peptides for each vaccine were identified in an ELISA using a training set of IgY samples. These peptides were then used in multi-peptide assays that, when analysing a wider set of samples from infected and vaccinated animals, diagnosed infection with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The data describes a method for the development of DIVA assays for conventional attenuated and killed vaccines.
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35
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Fouhse J, Zijlstra R, Willing B. The role of gut microbiota in the health and disease of pigs. Anim Front 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Fouhse
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - R.T. Zijlstra
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - B.P. Willing
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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36
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Mapping polyclonal antibody responses to bacterial infection using next generation phage display. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24232. [PMID: 27072017 PMCID: PMC4829855 DOI: 10.1038/srep24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping polyclonal antibody responses to infectious diseases to identify individual epitopes has the potential to underpin the development of novel serological assays and vaccines. Here, phage-peptide library panning coupled with screening using next generation sequencing was used to map antibody responses to bacterial infections. In the first instance, pigs experimentally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was investigated. IgG samples from twelve infected pigs were probed in parallel and phage binding compared to that with equivalent IgG from pre-infected animals. Seventy-seven peptide mimotopes were enriched specifically against sera from multiple infected animals. Twenty-seven of these peptides were tested in ELISA and twenty-two were highly discriminatory for sera taken from pigs post-infection (P < 0.05) indicating that these peptides are mimicking epitopes from the bacteria. In order to further test this methodology, it was applied to differentiate antibody responses in poultry to infections with distinct serovars of Salmonella enterica. Twenty-seven peptides were identified as being enriched specifically against IgY from multiple animals infected with S. Enteritidis compared to those infected with S. Hadar. Nine of fifteen peptides tested in ELISA were highly discriminatory for IgY following S. Enteritidis infection (p < 0.05) compared to infections with S. Hadar or S. Typhimurium.
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Callegari M, Dalto D, Silva CD. A Review of Prevention and Control Methods of Salmonella species in Swine Production and the Role of Dietary Non-Nutritional Additives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.803.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Calik A, Ergün A. Effect of lactulose supplementation on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and short-chain fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2173-82. [PMID: 26188035 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary lactulose supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, cecal microflora, and cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. A total of 245 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments, with 7 replicates including 7 birds each. The birds received the same basal diet based on corn--soybean meal, and lactulose was included in the diet at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% at the expense of corn and/or soybean meal. The body weight gain (linear, P=0.027) and feed conversion (linear, P=0.003) from 0 to 21 d showed significant improvement as dietary lactulose was increased from 0.2 to 0.8%. However, dietary lactulose did not affect broiler performance at the end of the experiment (42 d). Furthermore, intestinal measurements and the goblet cell count of broilers fed a lactulose-containing diet differed from those of birds fed a diet that did not contain lactulose. In addition, a significant quadratic response in the Lactobacillus count (P≤0.001) was observed at 42 d on increasing the level of lactulose. The cecal coliform bacterial population was not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation with lactulose significantly increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA measured on d 7 and d 42. In conclusion, inclusion of lactulose in the diet can enhance broiler performance and intestinal morphology by selectively stimulating intestinal microflora and increasing cecal SCFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Calik
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ergün
- Department of Animal Nutrition & Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Turkey
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