1
|
Prommachart R, Phupaboon S, Matra M, Totakul P, Wanapat M. Interaction of a source rich in phytonutrients (fruits peel pellets) and polyunsaturated oil (Tung oil) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production, and nutrient digestibility. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32885. [PMID: 38975132 PMCID: PMC11225827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical fruit peels from mangosteen, rambutan, and banana are rich in phytonutrients. Several studies reported that the phytonutrients improved rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the combination of phytonutrients and essential fatty acids on rumen fermentation have not yet been investigated. Hence, the aim of this research was to investigate the influence of fruit peel pellets (mangosteen, rambutan, and banana peel; MARABAC) containing phytonutrients and tung oil supplementation on rumen fermentation and the degradability of nutrients. Four levels of MARABAC (0, 2, 4, and 6 %) and four levels of tung oil (0, 2, 4, and 6 %) were supplemented with concentrate according to a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). Rumen fermentation parameters, including gas production, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), nutrient degradability (IVDMD and IVOMD), and in vitro methane (CH4) production were determined. The results showed that there were no interactions between MARABAC and Tung oil treatments for all terms of kinetic gas and cumulative gas, IVDMD and IVOMD, and in vitro ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N). However, when combining MARABAC and tung oil beyond the 4 % level, VFA and in vitro CH4 production was severely affected. The supplementation of MARABAC and tung oil decreased gas production and rumen nutrient degradability (p < 0.05). Acetate (C2) and propionate (C3) production were significantly affected by the level of MARABAC supplementation. NH3-N was dropped when levels of MARABAC and tung oil supplementation were increased. There were interactions between MARABAC and tung oil on total VFA and in vitro CH4 production at 8 h (h). In addition, in vitro CH4 production decreased (p < 0.05) with higher levels of MARABAC supplementation. It could be concluded that MARABAC and tung oil supplementation significantly contributed to improving the production of gas and could be applied to decrease rumen CH4 production, thereby reducing the emission of greenhouse gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnachai Prommachart
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology, Tawan-Ok, Chonburi, 20110, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Totakul
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12130, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wanapat M, Prachumchai R, Dagaew G, Matra M, Phupaboon S, Sommai S, Suriyapha C. Potential use of seaweed as a dietary supplement to mitigate enteric methane emission in ruminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:173015. [PMID: 38710388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweeds or marine algae exhibit diverse morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical compositions, encompassing various species, including red, green, and brown seaweeds. Several seaweeds have received increased research attention and application in animal feeding investigations, particularly in ruminant livestock, due to their higher yield and convenient harvestability at present. Recent endeavors encompassing both in vitro and in vivo experiments have indicated that many seaweeds, particularly red seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis and Asparagopsis armata), contain plant secondary compounds, such as halogenated compounds and phlorotannins, with the potential to reduce enteric ruminal methane (CH4) emissions by up to 99 % when integrated into ruminant diets. This review provides an encompassing exploration of the existing body of knowledge concerning seaweeds and their impact on rumen fermentation, the toxicity of ruminal microbes, the health of animals, animal performance, and enteric ruminal CH4 emissions in both in vitro and in vivo settings among ruminants. By attaining a deeper comprehension of the implications of seaweed supplementation on rumen fermentation, animal productivity, and ruminal CH4 emissions, we could lay the groundwork for devising innovative strategies. These strategies aim to simultaneously achieve environmental benefits, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance animal efficiency, and develop aquaculture and seaweed production systems, ensuring a high-quality and consistent supply chain. Nevertheless, future research is essential to elucidate the extent of the effect and gain insight into the mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand
| | - Gamonmas Dagaew
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaichana Suriyapha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu T, Yan R, Xin X, Zhang X, Yin G. Simulation of the nutritional requirements and energy balance of adult cows in a northern temperate grassland. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1414096. [PMID: 38962709 PMCID: PMC11220270 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1414096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The forage-livestock balance is an important component of natural grassland management, and realizing a balance between the nutrient energy demand of domestic animals and the energy supply of grasslands is the core challenge in forage-livestock management. This study was performed at the Xieertala Ranch in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia. Using the GRAZPLAN and GrazFeed models, we examined the forage-livestock energy balance during different grazing periods and physiological stages of livestock growth under natural grazing conditions. Data on pasture conditions, climatic factors, supplemental feeding, and livestock characteristics, were used to analyze the metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm), and total metabolizable energy intake (MEItotal) of grazing livestock. The results showed that the energy balance between forage and animals differed for adult cows at different physiological stages. In the early lactation period, although the MEItotal was greater than MEm, it did not meet the requirement for ME. MEItotal was greater than ME during mid-lactation, but there was still an energy imbalance in the early and late lactation periods. In the late lactation period, MEItotal could meet ME requirements from April-September. Adult gestational lactating cows with or without calves were unable to meet their ME requirement, especially in the dry period, even though MEItotal was greater than MEm. Adult cows at different physiological stages exhibited differences in daily forage intake and rumen microbial crude protein (MCP) metabolism, and the forage intake by nonpregnant cows decreased as follows: early lactation > mid-lactation > late lactation, pregnant cows' lactation > dry period. For the degradation, digestion and synthesis of rumen MCP, early-lactation cows were similar to those in the mid-lactation group, but both were higher than those in the late-lactation group, while pregnant cows had greater degradation, digestion, and synthesis of MCP in the lactation period relative to the dry period. For lactating cows, especially those with calves, grazing energy requirements, methane emission metabolism and heat production were highest in August, with increased energy expenditure in winter. Overall, grazing energy, methane emissions and heat production by dry cows were low. In the context of global climate change and grassland degradation, managers must adopt different strategies according to the physiological stages of livestock to ensure a forage-livestock balance and the sustainable utilization and development of grasslands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruirui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Hulun Buir Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hailar, China
| | - Guomei Yin
- Grassland Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang C, Jiang X, Wu S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li Z, Yao J. Dietary fat and carbohydrate-balancing the lactation performance and methane emissions in the dairy cow industry: A meta-analysis. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:347-357. [PMID: 38800741 PMCID: PMC11127094 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
For the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate (starch, neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and host energy utilization. However, the relationships among diet, lactation performance, and methane emissions need to be further determined to assist dairy farms to adjust diet formulations and feeding strategies for environmental and production management. A meta-analysis was conducted in the current study to explore quantitative patterns of dietary fat and carbohydrate at different levels in balancing lactation performance and environment sustainability of dairy cows, and to establish a methane emission prediction model using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the regression relationship between dietary fat, carbohydrate and methane emissions could be shown by the following models: methane = 106.78 + (14.86 × DMI), R2 = 0.80; methane = 443.17 - (46.41 × starch/NDF), R2 = 0.76; and methane = 388.91 + (31.40 × fat) - (5.42 × fat2), R2 = 0.80. The regression relationships between dietary fat, carbohydrate and lactation performance could be shown by the following models: milk fat yield = 1.08 + (0.43 × starch/NDF) - [0.34 × (starch/NDF)2], R2 = 0.79; milk protein yield = 0.68 + (0.15 × fat) - (0.016 × fat2), R2 = 0.82. In the structural equation model, we found that when formulating dietary carbohydrates and fats, it was necessary to balance the relationship between methane emissions and lactation performance. Specifically, dietary starch/NDF was lower than 0.63 (extremum point) and dietary fat was between 2.89% and 4.69% (extremum point), it could ensure that the aim of methane emission reduction (methane emissions decrease with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat) was achieved without losing lactation performance of dairy cows (lactation performance increase with increasing dietary starch/NDF and fat). Finally, we established the ANN model to predict methane emissions (training set: R2 = 0.62; validation set: R2 = 0.61).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Verma S, Akpensuen TT, Wolffram S, Salminen JP, Taube F, Blank R, Kluß C, Malisch CS. Investigating the efficacy of purified tannin extracts from underutilized temperate forages in reducing enteric methane emissions in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12578. [PMID: 38822060 PMCID: PMC11143233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated how the concentration and composition of purified tannin extracts, at various inclusion rates, affect the ruminal in vitro fermentation parameters. Tannin extracts were isolated from four different forage species: birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), sulla (Hedysarum coronarium), big trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), and salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor). Plants extracts were purified by Sephadex LH-20 gel chromatography and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results showed a large variation among the extracts from different species in terms of tannin composition and structural features. The extracts from salad burnet were dominated by hydrolysable tannins, comprising mainly ellagitannins. The extracts derived from sulla and big trefoil contained predominantly proanthocyanidins (PA), primarily composed of prodelphinidins with high mean degree of polymerisation (mDP). Birdsfoot trefoil extracts comprised procyanidin-rich PAs with low mDP. To determine whether the combined presence of tannins and flavonoid together lead to synergistic or antagonistic effects, the tannin extracts were incubated both with or without rutin at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 g/kg DM, using a base substrate of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, control). In general, all the tannin extracts decreased methane (CH4) production compared to the control, while no significant effect of rutin was observed on both gas (GP) and CH4 production, neither pure, nor in the simultaneous presence of tannins. The highest CH4 reduction (15%, at 30 g/kg DM) was observed from sulla and big trefoil extracts compared to control, but this was also supplemented with a concomitant reduction in GP (11%) indicating a reduction in feed digestibility. The extracts from birdsfoot trefoil and salad burnet reduced CH4 by up to 12% without significantly reducing GP, indicating the importance of tannin composition on ruminal fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Verma
- Grass and Forage Science / Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, E24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - T T Akpensuen
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, EX20 2SD, UK
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jos, P.M.B 2084, Jos, Nigeria
| | - S Wolffram
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, E24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - J-P Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, University of Turku, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - F Taube
- Grass and Forage Science / Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, E24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Blank
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, E24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Kluß
- Grass and Forage Science / Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, E24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - C S Malisch
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng Z, Fujino M, Anand M, Uyeno Y. Feeding Astragalus membranaceus Root Improves the Rumen Fermentation Rate in Housed Goats through the Alteration of the Rumen Community Composition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1067. [PMID: 38930452 PMCID: PMC11205705 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Astragalus membranaceus root (AMR) has been noted as an ingredient in ruminant feed, the impacts of AMR feeding on rumen fermentation and the microbial community structure within the rumen are yet to be evaluated. This study investigated the effects of AMR supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial community structures in goats. In two sets of feeding experiments, four Japanese native goats were fed AMR (10 g/kg DM/day/head) for three weeks per experiment. The rumen fluid samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography for fermentation products and next-generation sequencing for microbial analysis. The rumen fluid samples in the second experiment were also subject to an in vitro anaerobic fermentation test. The results indicated a significant modification, with a higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) content in the rumen fluid of goats in the feeding period than before feeding (p < 0.01). The microbial analysis revealed a significant increase in community diversity (p < 0.05) following AMR feeding, and the rumen bacterial community increased in two families belonging to the order Oscillospirales in Firmicutes (p < 0.05). The phylum Verrucomicrobiota was observed to be significantly less abundant after AMR feeding than during the control period (p < 0.05). Notably, the linear discriminant analysis revealed that the families with largely unknown functions in the rumen (Oscillospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Muribaculaceae, and vadinBB97) were the determinants of the community split between control and AMR feeding. Increased fermentation rate by AMR feeding was also supported by an in vitro culture experiment, which resulted in faster VFA production without affecting methane production in total gas production. The study demonstrated that AMR can significantly facilitate change in the bacterial community structure in the goat rumen involving a shift of the favoring fibrolytic bacteria towards VFA production. The long-term effects of AMR supplementation and its applicability across different ruminant species, with potential benefits for animal health and productivity, should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Peng
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4598, Japan
| | - Mizuki Fujino
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4598, Japan
| | - Mukul Anand
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura 281001, India;
| | - Yutaka Uyeno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 399-4598, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caradus JR, Chapman DF, Rowarth JS. Improving Human Diets and Welfare through Using Herbivore-Based Foods: 2. Environmental Consequences and Mitigations. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1353. [PMID: 38731357 PMCID: PMC11083977 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-sourced foods are important for human nutrition and health, but they can have a negative impact on the environment. These impacts can result in land use tensions associated with population growth and the loss of native forests and wetlands during agricultural expansion. Increased greenhouse gas emissions, and high water use but poor water quality outcomes can also be associated. Life cycle analysis from cradle-to-distribution has shown that novel plant-based meat alternatives can have an environmental footprint lower than that of beef finished in feedlots, but higher than for beef raised on well-managed grazed pastures. However, several technologies and practices can be used to mitigate impacts. These include ensuring that grazing occurs when feed quality is high, the use of dietary additives, breeding of animals with higher growth rates and increased fecundity, rumen microbial manipulations through the use of vaccines, soil management to reduce nitrous oxide emission, management systems to improve carbon sequestration, improved nutrient use efficacy throughout the food chain, incorporating maize silage along with grasslands, use of cover crops, low-emission composting barns, covered manure storages, and direct injection of animal slurry into soil. The technologies and systems that help mitigate or actually provide solutions to the environmental impact are under constant refinement to enable ever-more efficient production systems to allow for the provision of animal-sourced foods to an ever-increasing population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Caradus
- Grasslanz Technology Ltd., PB 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Jacqueline S. Rowarth
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, 85084 Ellesmere Junction Road, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niu X, Xing Y, Wang J, Bai L, Xie Y, Zhu S, Sun M, Yang J, Li D, Liu Y. Effects of Caragana korshinskii tannin on fermentation, methane emission, community of methanogens, and metabolome of rumen in sheep. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1334045. [PMID: 38426060 PMCID: PMC10902071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1334045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation of Caragana korshinskii tannin (CKT) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, methanogen community and metabolome in rumen of sheep. A total of 15 crossbred sheep of the Dumont breed with similar body conditions, were divided into three groups (n = 5), which were fed with CKT addition at 0, 2 and 4%/kg DM. The study spanned a total of 74 days, with a 14-day period dedicated to adaptation and a subsequent 60-day period for conducting treatments. The results indicated that the levels of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and acetate were reduced (p < 0.05) in rumen sheep fed with 2 and 4% CKT; The crude protein (CP) digestibility of sheep in 2 and 4% CKT groups was decreased(p < 0.05); while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was increased (p < 0.05) in 4% CKT group. Furthermore, the supplementation of CKT resulted in a decrease (p < 0.05) in daily CH4 emissions from sheep by reducing the richness and diversity of ruminal methanogens community, meanwhile decreasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of tyramine that contribute to methane synthesis and increasing (p < 0.05) concentrations of N-methy-L-glutamic acid that do not contribute to CH4 synthesis. However, CH4 production of DMI, OMI, NDFI and metabolic weight did not differ significantly across the various treatments. To sum up, the addition of 4% CKT appeared to be a viable approach for reducing CH4 emissions from sheep without no negative effects. These findings suggest that CKT hold promise in mitigating methane emissions of ruminant. Further investigation is required to evaluate it effectiveness in practical feeding strategies for livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyaun Xing
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lili Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shouqian Zhu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dabiao Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sobanaa M, Prathiviraj R, Selvin J, Prathaban M. A comprehensive review on methane's dual role: effects in climate change and potential as a carbon-neutral energy source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:10379-10394. [PMID: 37884720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The unprecedented population and anthropogenic activity rise have challenged the future look up for shifts in global temperature and climate patterns. Anthropogenic activities such as land fillings, building dams, wetlands converting to lands, combustion of biomass, deforestation, mining, and the gas and coal industries have directly or indirectly increased catastrophic methane (CH4) emissions at an alarming rate. Methane is 25 times more potent trapping heat when compared to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. A rise in atmospheric methane, on a 20-year time scale, has an impact of 80 times greater than that of CO2. With increased population growth, waste generation is rising and is predicted to reach 6 Mt by 2025. CH4 emitted from landfills is a significant source that accounts for 40% of overall global methane emissions. Various mitigation and emissions reduction strategies could significantly reduce the global CH4 burden at a cost comparable to the parallel and necessary CO2 reduction measures, reversing the CH4 burden to pathways that achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. CH4 mitigation directly benefits climate change, has collateral impacts on the economy, human health, and agriculture, and considerably supports CO2 mitigation. Utilizing the CO2 from the environment, methanogens produce methane and lower their carbon footprint. NGOs and the general public should act on time to overcome atmospheric methane emissions by utilizing the raw source for producing carbon-neutral fuel. However, more research potential is required for green energy production and to consider investigating the untapped potential of methanogens for dependable energy generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sobanaa
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | | | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Munisamy Prathaban
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeng X, Chen Y, Li W, Liu S. Application of fenugreek in ruminant feed: implications for methane emissions and productivity. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16842. [PMID: 38313019 PMCID: PMC10838068 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human demand for meat and dairy products will increase as a result of economic development and population growth, and the farming of ruminants, such as cattle and sheep, will also increase. Methane (CH4) emission from the enteric fermentation of ruminant livestock is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a significant contributor to global warming. Meanwhile, growth performance is often limited and animals are more vulnerable to diseases in high-density, intensive farming, greatly reducing livestock productivity, so developing ways to reduce CH4 emissions and improve ruminant productivity has become a research hotspot. Studies have reported that fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) as feed additives have the potential to reduce ruminant methane and improve the productivity. However, systematic reviews of such studies are lacking. Methodology In this review, databases of Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct were used for the literature search. The initial keywords search was fenugreek or Trigonella foenum-graecum L. For more focused search, we added terms such as methane, rumen fermentation, growth, milk production and antioxidants. All were done for ruminants. The literature that conforms to the theme of this article is selected, summarized, and finally completed this article. Results By regulating the rumen microbiome (suppressing protozoans, methanogenic bacteria, and fungi), fenugreek can lower CH4 emissions according to many in vitro anaerobic fermentation experiments. Fenugreek secondary metabolites (saponins and tannins) are responsible for this impact, but it is still unclear exactly how they work. Therefore, more long-term in vivo experiments are needed to verify its efficacy. Fenugreek is also rich in alkaloids, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic acids. These compounds have been shown to have beneficial effects on ruminant growth, lactation, and total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, fenugreek has a great opportunity to develop into a new green feed additive. Conclusions This review provides a summary of the effect of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and production performance by ruminants. In addition, based on the available data, the possible biochemical pathway of fenugreek to reduce CH4 emissions in ruminants was described. Overall, the livestock feed industry has the opportunity to develop natural, environmentally-friendly feed additives based on fenugreek.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbiao Zeng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijun Liu
- Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McGurrin A, Maguire J, Tiwari BK, Garcia-Vaquero M. Anti-methanogenic potential of seaweeds and seaweed-derived compounds in ruminant feed: current perspectives, risks and future prospects. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:145. [PMID: 38041152 PMCID: PMC10693045 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17% of total methane emissions worldwide, there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector. One of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome, reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce methane. Recently, seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo, with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis (attributed to the bromoform content of this species). From the literature analysis in this study, levels of up to 99% reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed, although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal feed. This review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives, as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these effects. The effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed, as well as the future challenges when considering the large-scale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ailbhe McGurrin
- Section of Food and Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland
- TEAGASC, Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Julie Maguire
- Bantry Marine Research Station Ltd, Bantry, Co. Cork, P75 AX07, Gearhies, Ireland
| | | | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- Section of Food and Nutrition, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bleke CA, Gese EM, Roberts SB, Villalba JJ. Seasonal shifts in pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) diets under a new lens: Examining diet composition using a molecular technique. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292725. [PMID: 37819912 PMCID: PMC10566741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Foraging is one of the most fundamental activities contributing to the maximization of an animal's fitness, and thus herbivores must optimize their diet selection and intake to meet their nutrient demands for survival, growth, and reproduction. Using plant DNA barcoding, we determined diet composition of five subpopulations of adult female pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) grazing rangelands in southern and southeastern Idaho, USA. Fecal samples were collected for two years (2018-2019), and across metabolically-important adult female life history stages (late gestation, early lactation, breeding season). Plant DNA barcoding yielded 137 detected species within pronghorn diets across subpopulations and sampling periods with forbs being the most abundant. Pronghorn dietary functional group composition ranged from 52.2-60.3% from forbs followed by shrubs (22.6-28.2%), graminoids (8.7-15.7%), and legumes (5.5-9.6%). Dietary protein intake was also highest from forbs and ranged from 32.4-62.4% followed by graminoids (1.2-43.1%), shrubs (18.7-21.3%), and legumes (2.6-7.4%). We found significant intra- and interannual differences in the mean number of genera-based plant detections in pronghorn diets. Dietary protein intake of cultivated legumes (e.g., alfalfa [Medicago sativa] and sainfoin [Onobrychis viciifolia]) was lower than expected, ranging from <1.0-30.8%, suggesting that even within an agricultural-dominated landscape, factors other than plant nutritional composition contributed to pronghorn diets. Although the plant DNA barcoding technique exhibits limitations, it demonstrated potential for elucidating pronghorn dietary species richness, particularly for plants consumed in small proportions, as well as for observing temporal fluctuations in functional group composition and dietary protein intake explained through the interplay between environmental factors, plant chemical composition, and the animals' physiological needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cole A. Bleke
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Gese
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Utah Field Station, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Shane B. Roberts
- Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Boise, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Juan J. Villalba
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nørskov NP, Battelli M, Curtasu MV, Olijhoek DW, Chassé É, Nielsen MO. Methane reduction by quercetin, tannic and salicylic acids: influence of molecular structures on methane formation and fermentation in vitro. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16023. [PMID: 37749362 PMCID: PMC10519955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43041-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) can potentially reduce ruminal methane formation. However, related to differences in their molecular structures, it is not yet clear what causes an anti-methanogenic effect. In an in vitro system simulating rumen fermentation, we investigated the impact of eight compounds with distinct chemical characteristics (gallic and salicylic acids, tannic acid, catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, rutin, and salicin) when added to a basal feed (maize silage) at a concentration of 12% of the feed dry matter. After 48 h of incubation in buffered rumen fluid, methane production was significantly lowered by quercetin (43%), tannic acid (39%) and salicylic acid (34%) compared to the control (maize silage alone) and without changes in total volatile fatty acid production during fermentation. No other PSM reduced methane formation as compared to control but induced significant differences on total volatile fatty acid production. The observed differences were related to lipophilicity, the presence of double bond and carbonyl group, sugar moieties, and polymerization of the compounds. Our results indicate the importance of distinct molecular structures of PSMs and chemical characteristics for methane lowering properties and volatile fatty acid formation. Further systematic screening studies to establish the structure-function relationship between PSMs and methane reduction are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalja P Nørskov
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mihai V Curtasu
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Dana W Olijhoek
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Élisabeth Chassé
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Budel JCDC, de Castro VCG, de Souza SM, Nahúm BDS, Barbosa AVC, Rodrigues LS, Berndt A, Rennó LN, de Morais E, da Silva JAR, Rodrigues TCGDC, Silva AGME, Lourenço-Junior JDB. Methane emission, intake, digestibility, performance and blood metabolites in sheep supplemented with cupuassu and tucuma cake in the eastern Amazon. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1106619. [PMID: 37180068 PMCID: PMC10167019 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of co-products as a feed supplement for ruminants makes livestock sustainable and optimizes the use of available areas and animal performance. Furthermore, when cakes are used, the residual fat composition can influence ruminal metabolism and methane (CH4) production. This study aimed to assess the effects of a diet containing cupuassu (CUP; Theobroma grandiflorum) and tucuma (TUC; Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) cakes on intake, digestibility, serum metabolites, performance, and CH4 emissions in confined sheep in the Amazon. Approximately 28 animals, Dorper-Santa Inês, castrated, with an average initial live weight (ILW) of 35 ± 2.3 kg, were distributed in metabolic cages, in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and seven replications: (1) Control (C40), without the addition of Amazonian cake and with 40 g of ether extract (EE)/kg of dietary dry matter (DM); (2) CUP, the inclusion of the CUP cake and 70 g of EE/kg; (3) TUC, the inclusion of the TUC cake and 70 g of EE/kg; and (4) Control (C80), without the addition of Amazonian cake and with 80 g of EE/kg of dietary DM, with roughage to concentrate ratio of 40:60. The use of the TUC cake as a feed supplement reduced the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), and EE compared to the inclusion of the CUP cake (p < 0.05); however, it increased the intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by 32% (p < 0.01). The highest averages of DM (732 g/kg) and CP (743 g/kg) digestibility were presented in C40, while the highest digestibility of NDF was presented in TUC (590 g/kg). Albumin levels stayed above and protein levels were below the reference values, and the C40 diet also obtained below results for cholesterol, triglycerides and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (P < 0.05). Sheep fed CUP (91 g) and TUC (45 g) had lower daily weight gains (DWGs) than those fed with diets without the inclusion of cakes (C40 = 119 g; C80 = 148 g), and feed efficiency (FE) was also lower in CUP (84) and TUC (60) diets than in C40 (119) and C80 (137) diets. CH4 emissions were lower in animals fed TUC (26 L/day) and higher in C40 (35 L/day); however, TUC resulted in higher CH4 emissions in grams/body live weight (BW) gain/day (353 g/BW/day) vs. 183 g/BW/day (C40), 157 g/BW/day (C80), and 221 g/BW/day (CUP). The supplementation with cakes did not improve intake, digestibility and performance, did not compromise blood metabolites and did not reduce the enteric CH4 emission in confined sheep in the Amazon; however, the use of CUP cake showed similar results to the control treatments and did not increase CH4 emissions, as occurred with the inclusion of TUC cake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Costa Gomes de Castro
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laurena Silva Rodrigues
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Pará, Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eziquiel de Morais
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Institute of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Junior
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tretola M, Bee G, Dohme-Meier F, Silacci P. Review: Harmonised in vitro digestion and the Ussing chamber for investigating the effects of polyphenols on intestinal physiology in monogastrics and ruminants. Animal 2023; 17:100785. [PMID: 37060748 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the relevant effects of plant-derived polyphenols (PPs) on monogastrics and ruminants' nutrition, emissions and performance, an increasing number of in vivo and in vitro studies are being performed to better understand the mechanisms of action of polyphenols at both the ruminal and intestinal levels. The biological properties of these phenolic compounds strongly depend on their degradation, absorption and metabolism. The harmonised in vitro digestion method (INFOGEST) is one of the most reliable in vitro methods used to assess the bioaccessibility and or antioxidant activity of PP contained in different matrixes, as well as the interactions of PP and their degradation products with other feed ingredients. The effects of PP released from their matrix after in vitro digestion on different intestinal physiological parameters, such as epithelium integrity, can be further evaluated by the use of ex vivo models such as the Ussing chamber. This review aims to describe the combination of the INFOGEST method, coupled with the Ussing chamber as a valuable model for the digestion and subsequent effects and absorption of phenolic compounds in monogastrics and potentially in ruminants. The advances, challenges and limits of this approach are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Tretola
- Agroscope, Animal Biology Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swine Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Agroscope, Ruminant Research Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - G Bee
- Agroscope, Swine Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - F Dohme-Meier
- Agroscope, Ruminant Research Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - P Silacci
- Agroscope, Animal Biology Group, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu S, Li L, Zhao H, Tu Y, Liu M, Jiang L, Zhao Y. Characterization of the Dynamic Changes of Ruminal Microbiota Colonizing Citrus Pomace Waste during Rumen Incubation for Volatile Fatty Acid Production. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0351722. [PMID: 36862010 PMCID: PMC10101060 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03517-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumen microorganisms are promising for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biofuels and industrially relevant products. Investigating the dynamic changes of the rumen microbial community colonizing citrus pomace (CtP) will advance our understanding of the utilization of citrus processing waste by rumen fluid. Citrus pomace in nylon bags was incubated in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. Results showed that total volatile fatty acids concentrations and proportions of valerate and isovalerate were increased over time during the first 12 h. Three major cellulose enzymes attached to CtP rose initially and then decreased during the 48-h incubation. Primary colonization happened during the initial hours of CtP incubation, and microbes compete to attach CtP for degrading easily digestible components and/or utilizing the waste. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing data revealed the diversity and structure of microbiota adhered to CtP were distinctly different at each time point. The increased abundance of Fibrobacterota, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Butyrivibrio may explain the elevated volatile fatty acids concentrations. This study highlighted key metabolically active microbial taxa colonizing citrus pomace in a 48-h in situ rumen incubation, which could have implications for promoting the biotechnological process of CtP. IMPORTANCE As a natural fermentation system, the rumen ecosystem of ruminants can efficiently degrade plant cellulose, indicating that the rumen microbiome offers an opportunity for anaerobic digestion to utilize biomass wastes containing cellulose. Knowledge of the response of the in situ microbial community to citrus pomace during anaerobic fermentation will help improve the current understanding of citrus biomass waste utilization. Our results demonstrated that a highly diverse rumen bacterial community colonized citrus pomace rapidly and continuously changed during a 48-h incubation period. These findings may provide a deep understanding of constructing, manipulating, and enriching rumen microorganisms to improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of citrus pomace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Liuxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Beinong Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Comparison of the Effects between Tannins Extracted from Different Natural Plants on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Flora of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020441. [PMID: 36829999 PMCID: PMC9952188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four plant tannins, including AT (Acacia mearnsii tannin, 68%), CT (Castanea sativa tannin, 60%), QT (Schinopsis lorenzii tannin, 73%) and TT (Caesalpinia spinosa tannin, 50%) were added to broiler diets for 42 days to evaluate and compare their effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance and gut microbiota in broilers. The results showed that the supplementation of five tannins could increase the production of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT and reduce the production of MDA in the serum of broilers (p < 0.01), but the antioxidant effect of the AT group was lower than that of the other three groups (p < 0.01). All four tannins decreased the level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01). CT, QT and TT decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01), while AT and CT increased the level of IL-2 in serum (p < 0.01). Supplementation with four tannins also increased the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and sIgA in serum (p < 0.01) and the levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin in the jejunum (p < 0.01). The detection results of ALT and AST showed that CT, QT and TT decreased the concentrations of ALT and AST in serum (p < 0.01). The results of the gut microbiota showed that the abundance of Clostridia and Subdoligranulum increased, and the abundance of Oscillospiraceae decreased, compared to the control group after adding the four tannins to the diets (p > 0.05). In addition, CT, QT and TT decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the abundance of Bacteroides compared to the control group, while AT showed the opposite result (p > 0.05). Overall, our study shows that tannins derived from different plants have their own unique effects on broilers. AT and CT can promote broilers' growth better than other tannins, CT has the best ability to improve immune and antioxidant properties, and QT and TT have the best effect on broilers' liver protection.
Collapse
|
18
|
Magnani E, Silva TH, Sakamoto L, Manella MQ, Dias FMGN, Mercadante ME, Henry D, Marcatto JOS, Paula EM, Branco RH. Tannin-based product in feedlot diet as a strategy to reduce enteric methane emissions of Nellore cattle finished under tropical conditions. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad048. [PMID: 37256191 PMCID: PMC10226682 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 120 Nellore bulls, [initial body weight (BW) = 307 ± 11.6 kg and 12 mo of age] were allocated into 12 collective pens (10 bulls per pen) in a commercial feedlot to evaluate the effects of a specific blend of tannin and saponins on enteric methane (CH4) emissions. The study was a completely randomized design, in which pens were considered the experimental units (N = 6 pens per treatment) and were randomly allocated into one of two treatments: 1) Control (CON), a basal diet with monensin supplementation (25 mg/kg dry matter [DM]; Rumensin, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN, USA), or 2) Control + a specific blend of tannin and saponins (TAN; 7 g/kg DM; composed of quebracho and chestnut tannin extracts along with carriers from cereals rich in saponins; SilvaFeed BX, Silvateam, San Michele Mondovi, CN, Italy). After the adaptation period (20 d), the experiment was divided into two phases: growing phase (21 to 53 d; total of 33 d) and fattening phase (54 to 139 d; total of 86 d). Enteric methane emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. Interactions between treatment and period (growing vs. fattening) were detected for daily CH4 emissions, in which animals fed TAN reduced CH4 emissions by 17.3% during the fattening period compared to bulls fed CON (P = 0.05). In addition, bulls fed TAN had lower CH4 emissions expressed by dry matter intake (DMI) during the fattening period compared to bulls fed CON (P = 0.06). The findings presented herein indicate that a specific blend of tannin and saponins can be used as a strategy to reduce enteric CH4 emissions and its intensity of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot systems under tropical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Magnani
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, SP 14160-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Silva
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, SP 14160-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro Sakamoto
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, SP 14160-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q Manella
- Division of Research and Development, Silva Team Brasil, Estância Velha, RS 93600-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio M G N Dias
- Division of Research and Development, JBS Friboi, São Paulo, SP 05118-100, Brazil
| | - Maria E Mercadante
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, SP 14160-970, Brazil
| | - Darren Henry
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-89557, USA
| | - Juliana O S Marcatto
- Department of Global Climate Change and Agriculture, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariuna, SP 13820, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Paula
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, SP 14160-970, Brazil
| | - Renata H Branco
- Institute of Animal Science, Beef Cattle Research Center, Sertãozinho, SP 14160-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leitanthem VK, Chaudhary P, Maiti S, Mohini M, Mondal G. Impact of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Nutrient Utilization, Enteric Methane Emissions, and Performance of Goat Kids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 36611706 PMCID: PMC9817938 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of different innovative feed resources for livestock is important to provide the essential nutrients and diminish the emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the response of replacing concentrate with Moringa oleifera leaves in terms of the nutrient intake, digestibility, enteric methane emissions, and performance of goat kids with a berseem-fodder-based diet under different roughage (R)-to-concentrate (C) ratios. Twenty-four goat kids (3 months of age) were distributed into four groups of six animals each, using a randomized block design (RBD). Kids of Group I (control) were fed a basal diet with 70R:30C without any tree leaf supplementation. Group II kids were fed with 60R:40C, where 10% of the concentrate mix was replaced with Moringa leaf (ML powder). In Group III, kids were fed with 70R:30C with 20% ML replacement. In Group IV, kids were fed with 80R:20C with 20% ML replacement. A metabolic trial was conducted after 180 days of feeding to assess the impact of ML on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, immunity parameters, and enteric methane emissions. The results revealed that dry matter digestibility, organic matter, and NDF were better (p < 0.05) in ML-treated kids (GII and GIII) compared to GI. Feed conversion and average daily gain were also enhanced (p < 0.05) in the treated groups as compared to controls. Total blood protein and albumin were increased in GII and GIII kids compared to GI. Plasma cholesterol levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in GII, GIII, and GIV as compared to GI. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were also enhanced in GII, GIII, and GIV compared to controls. ML supplementation improved cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity responses in goat kids. Enteric methane emissions decreased in the treated groups as compared to the controls. Moringa oleifera leaf may be used up to the level of 10−20% in concentrate mixes to improve digestibility, blood biochemical parameters, immunity status, and antioxidant activity in goat kids. Supplementation of ML not only enhanced the digestion and health of goat kids, but also decreased their methane emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Chaudhary
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjit Maiti
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Mohini
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Goutam Mondal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Palangi V, Lackner M. Management of Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants Using Feed Additives: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243452. [PMID: 36552373 PMCID: PMC9774182 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminants' metabolism, a surplus of hydrogen is removed from the reduction reaction of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) by the formation of methane by methanogenic bacteria and archaea methanogens. The balance of calculations between VFA (volatile fatty acids), CO2, and CH4 indicates that acetate and butyrate play a role in methane production, while the formation of propionate maintains hydrogen and therefore reduces methane production. CH4 formation in ruminant livestock is not desired because it reduces feed efficiency and contributes to global warming. Therefore, numerous strategies have been investigated to mitigate methane production in ruminants. This review focuses on feed additives which have the capability of reducing methane emissions in ruminants. Due to the environmental importance of methane emissions, such studies are needed to make milk and meat production more sustainable. Additionally, the additives which have no adverse effects on rumen microbial population and where the reduction effects are a result of their hydrogen sink property, are the best reduction methods. Methane inhibitors have shown such a property in most cases. More work is needed to bring methane-reducing agents in ruminant diets to full market maturity, so that farmers can reap feed cost savings and simultaneously achieve environmental benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Maximilian Lackner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Hoechstaedtplatz 6, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Circe Biotechnologie GmbH, Kerpengasse 125, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gut Microbiome Studies in Livestock: Achievements, Challenges, and Perspectives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233375. [PMID: 36496896 PMCID: PMC9736591 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety and makeup of the gut microbiome are frequently regarded as the primary determinants of health and production performances in domestic animals. High-throughput DNA/RNA sequencing techniques (NGS) have recently gained popularity and permitted previously unheard-of advancements in the study of gut microbiota, particularly for determining the taxonomic composition of such complex communities. Here, we summarize the existing body of knowledge on livestock gut microbiome, discuss the state-of-the-art in sequencing techniques, and offer predictions for next research. We found that the enormous volumes of available data are biased toward a small number of globally distributed and carefully chosen varieties, while local breeds (or populations) are frequently overlooked despite their demonstrated resistance to harsh environmental circumstances. Furthermore, the bulk of this research has mostly focused on bacteria, whereas other microbial components such as protists, fungi, and viruses have received far less attention. The majority of these data were gathered utilizing traditional metabarcoding techniques that taxonomically identify the gut microbiota by analyzing small portions of their genome (less than 1000 base pairs). However, to extend the coverage of microbial genomes for a more precise and thorough characterization of microbial communities, a variety of increasingly practical and economical shotgun techniques are currently available.
Collapse
|
22
|
Besharati M, Maggiolino A, Palangi V, Kaya A, Jabbar M, Eseceli H, De Palo P, Lorenzo JM. Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review. Molecules 2022; 27:8273. [PMID: 36500366 PMCID: PMC9738529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants are able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins and their digestion can decrease. Tannins can be classified into two groups: hydrolysable tannins and condensed tannins. Tannins are polyphenols, which can directly or indirectly affect intake and digestion. Their ability to bind molecules and form complexes depends on the structure of polyphenols and on the macromolecule involved. Tannins have long been known to be an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric and poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped the researchers observe positive effects on the intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, and animal production. Plant tannins are used as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics, and many factors have been described by researchers which contribute to the variability in their efficiencies. The objective of this study was to review the literature about tannins, their effects and use in ruminant nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maghsoud Besharati
- Department of Animal Science, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar 5451785354, Iran
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Adem Kaya
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Jabbar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hüseyin Eseceli
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir 10200, Turkey
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pena-Bermudez YA, Vincenzi R, Meo-Filho P, Sakamoto LS, Lobo R, Benetel G, Lobo A, Matos C, Benetel V, Lima CG, Berndt A, Cardenas LM, Bueno ICS. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2997. [PMID: 36359122 PMCID: PMC9658154 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH4), and total apparent digestibility (p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3-N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased (p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid (p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli A. Pena-Bermudez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vincenzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | | | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Matos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa–Southeast Livestock, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Cardenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Condensed and Hydrolyzable Tannins for Reducing Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Dairy Manure-A Laboratory Incubation Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202876. [PMID: 36290258 PMCID: PMC9598578 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the effects of plant condensed (CT) and hydrolyzable tannin (HT) extracts on CH4 and N2O emissions; (2) identify the reactions responsible for manure-derived GHG emissions, and (3) examine accompanying microbial community changes in fresh dairy manure. Five treatments were applied in triplicate to the freshly collected dairy manure, including 4% CT, 8% CT, 4% HT, 8% HT (V/V), and control (no tannin addition). Fresh dairy manure was placed into 710 mL glass incubation chambers. In vitro composted dairy manure samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 336 h after the start of incubation. Fluxes of N2O and CH4 were measured for 5-min/h for 14 d at a constant ambient incubation temperature of 39 °C. The addition of quebracho CT significantly decreased the CH4 flux rates compared to the tannin-free controls (215.9 mg/m2/h), with peaks of 75.6 and 89.6 mg/m2/h for 4 and 8% CT inclusion rates, respectively. Furthermore, CT significantly reduced cumulative CH4 emission by 68.2 and 57.3% at 4 and 8% CT addition, respectively. The HT treatments failed to affect CH4 reduction. However, both CT and HT reduced (p < 0.001) cumulative and flux rates of N2O emissions. The decrease in CH4 flux with CT was associated with a reduction in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria.
Collapse
|
25
|
Enteric Methane Emission, Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Profiles of Meat-Master Lambs Supplemented with Barley Fodder Sprouts. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of barley sprout on the ruminal fermentation characteristics, enteric methane emission and microbiome profiles of meat-master lambs. Twelve uncastrated lambs aged 3 months were used. They were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: Eragrostis curvula hay as a control diet (T1), grass hay plus 25% barley sprouts (T2) and grass hay plus 50% barley sprouts (T3). Animals were fed the diet for 61 days, including 10 days of adaptation. Four animals per treatment were used to collect methane and rumen fluid. Methane emission was recorded for nine consecutive days, from day 52 to 60, using a hand-held laser detector. Rumen fluid was collected on day 61 using an esophageal stomach tube for volatile fatty acid and DNA sequencing. The sprout supplementation had significant (p < 0.05) effects on methane emission and ruminal fermentation. Significant effects on rumen fermentation were observed with regards to ammonia–nitrogen (NH3-N), acetic acid and a tendency (p < 0.0536) to increase propionic acid. Barley sprouts reduced methane gas emission, ammonia–nitrogen and the enhanced body weight of the animals. The bacteria Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were predominant among the identified phyla. In addition, there was a shift in the relative abundance of phylum among the treatments. The principal coordinate analysis showed a clear difference in microbiome among animals in T1 and those in T2 and T3. The sprout supplementation improves feed utilization efficiency by the animals. In conclusion, barley sprouts may be strategically used as a climate-smart feed resource for ruminants.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wangui JC, Millner JP, Kenyon PR, Tozer PR, Morel PCH, Pain SJ. In Vitro Fermentation of Browsable Native Shrubs in New Zealand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2085. [PMID: 36015390 PMCID: PMC9416311 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Information on the nutritive value and in vitro fermentation characteristics of native shrubs in New Zealand is scant. This is despite their potential as alternatives to exotic trees and shrubs for supplementary fodder, and their mitigation of greenhouse gases and soil erosion on hill-country sheep and beef farms. The objectives of this study were to measure the in vitro fermentation gas production, predict the parameters of the in vitro fermentation kinetics, and estimate the in vitro fermentation of volatile fatty acids (VFA), microbial biomass (MBM), and greenhouse gases of four native shrubs (Coprosma robusta, Griselinia littoralis, Hoheria populnea, and Pittosporum crassifolium) and an exotic fodder tree species, Salix schwerinii. The total in vitro gas production was higher (p < 0.05) for the natives than for the S. schwerinii. A prediction using the single-pool model resulted in biologically incorrect negative in vitro total gas production from the immediately soluble fraction of the native shrubs. However, the dual pool model better predicted the in vitro total gas production and was in alignment with the measured in vitro fermentation end products. The in vitro VFA and greenhouse gas production from the fermentation of leaf and stem material was higher (p < 0.05), and the MBM lower (p < 0.05), for the native shrubs compared to the S. schwerinii. The lower in vitro total gas production, VFA, and greenhouse gases production and higher MBM of the S. schwerinii may be explained by the presence of condensed tannins (CT), although this was not measured and requires further study. In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that when consumed by ruminant livestock, browsable native shrubs can provide adequate energy and microbial protein, and that greenhouse-gas production from these species is within the ranges reported for typical New Zealand pastures.
Collapse
|
27
|
Verma S, Wolffram S, Salminen JP, Hasler M, Susenbeth A, Blank R, Taube F, Kluß C, Malisch CS. Linking metabolites in eight bioactive forage species to their in vitro methane reduction potential across several cultivars and harvests. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10454. [PMID: 35729249 PMCID: PMC9213545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vitro Hohenheim gas test was conducted to analyze the fermentation end-products from 17 cultivars of eight polyphenol containing forage species. The polyphenol composition and proanthocyanidin (PA) structural features of all the cultivars were analyzed with UPLC-MS/MS in leaves of vegetative or generative plants. The samples were incubated with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG, a tannin-binding agent) to separate the tannin-effect on methane (CH4, ml/200 mg DM) production from that of forage quality. Sulla and big trefoil, two particularly PA rich species, were found to have the highest CH4 reduction potential of up to 47% when compared to the samples without PEG. However, concomitant reduction in gas production (GP, ml/200 mg DM) of up to 44% was also observed. An increase in both GP and CH4 production under PEG treatments, confirms the role of tannins in CH4 reduction. Moreover, PA structural features and concentration were found to be an important source of variation for CH4 production from PA containing species. Despite having low polyphenol concentrations, chicory and plantain were found to reduce CH4 production without reducing GP. Additionally, interspecies variability was found to be higher than intraspecies variability, and these results were consistent across growth stages, indicating the findings' representativeness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Verma
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Mario Hasler
- Department of Statistics, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Susenbeth
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Blank
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Taube
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Grass Based Dairy Systems, Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University (WUR), 6700, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christof Kluß
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Stefan Malisch
- Institute of Plant Production and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Kiel University (CAU), 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ciampi F, Gandy J, Ciliberti MG, Sevi A, Albenzio M, Santillo A. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) By-Product Extract Influences the Oxylipids Profile in Primary Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells in a Model of Oxidative Stress. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.837279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic metabolism produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a natural by-product that can play a significant role in cell signaling and homeostasis. Excessive and uncontrolled production of ROS, however, can lead to oxidative stress that causes damage to immune cells and is related to several diseases in dairy cattle. Endothelial cells are essential for optimal immune and inflammatory responses but are especially sensitive to the damaging effects of ROS. Accordingly, investigating antioxidant strategies that can mitigate the detrimental impact of ROS on endothelial functions could impact compromised host defenses that lead to increased disease susceptibility. The objective of this study was to test the antioxidant effect of different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 μg/ml) of pomegranate by-product extract (PBE) on bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). A model of oxidative stress was developed using in vitro exposure of BAEC to 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) to induce the formation of ROS. The BAEC were then analyzed for cell viability, ROS production, fatty acids profile, and oxylipids formation. The BAECs viability did not change after different concentrations of PBE and remained up to 80% over control; whereas, intracellular ROS showed a reduction passing from 20 to 50% with increasing PBE concentration from 20 to 80 μg/ml, respectively. The PBE extract clearly demonstrated efficacy in reducing the concentrations of pro-inflammatory oxylipids with a concomitant enhancement of anti-inflammatory oxylipids. In particular, the pro-inflammatory 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and its derived anti-inflammatory 13-hydroperoxoctadecaienoic acid were found lower and higher, respectively, in PBE+AAPH treated cells than AAPH treatment. Data from the present study support in vivo future experimental use of pomegranate by-product extract to study its potential beneficial effect against oxidative stress conditions in dairy cattle.
Collapse
|
29
|
Production and chemical composition of pasture forbs with high bioactive compounds in a low input production system in the Pacific Northwest. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Min BR, Lee S, Jung H, Miller DN, Chen R. Enteric Methane Emissions and Animal Performance in Dairy and Beef Cattle Production: Strategies, Opportunities, and Impact of Reducing Emissions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:948. [PMID: 35454195 PMCID: PMC9030782 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric methane (CH4) emissions produced by microbial fermentation in the rumen resulting in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. The GHG emissions reduction from the livestock industry can be attained by increasing production efficiency and improving feed efficiency, by lowering the emission intensity of production, or by combining the two. In this work, information was compiled from peer-reviewed studies to analyze CH4 emissions calculated per unit of milk production, energy-corrected milk (ECM), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), and gross energy intake (GEI), and related emissions to rumen fermentation profiles (volatile fatty acids [VFA], hydrogen [H2]) and microflora activities in the rumen of beef and dairy cattle. For dairy cattle, there was a positive correlation (p < 0.001) between CH4 emissions and DMI (R2 = 0.44), milk production (R2 = 0.37; p < 0.001), ECM (R2 = 0.46), GEI (R2 = 0.50), and acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio (R2 = 0.45). For beef cattle, CH4 emissions were positively correlated (p < 0.05−0.001) with DMI (R2 = 0.37) and GEI (R2 = 0.74). Additionally, the ADG (R2 = 0.19; p < 0.01) and A/P ratio (R2 = 0.15; p < 0.05) were significantly associated with CH4 emission in beef steers. This information may lead to cost-effective methods to reduce enteric CH4 production from cattle. We conclude that enteric CH4 emissions per unit of ECM, GEI, and ADG, as well as rumen fermentation profiles, show great potential for estimating enteric CH4 emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeng-Ryel Min
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| | - Seul Lee
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (S.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Daniel N. Miller
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, USDA/ARS, 354 Filly Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang X, Liu X, Chang S, Zhang C, Du W, Hou F. Effect of Cistanche deserticola on Rumen Microbiota and Rumen Function in Grazing Sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:840725. [PMID: 35432287 PMCID: PMC9009397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, veterinary drugs and chemical additives have been widely used in livestock and poultry breeding to improve production performance. However, problems such as drug residues in food are causing serious concerns. The use of functional plants and their extracts to improve production performance is becoming increasingly popular. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Cistanche deserticola in sheep feed on rumen flora and to analyze the causes to provide a theoretical basis for the future use of Cistanche deserticola as a functional substance to improve sheep production performance. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted using 24 six-month-old sheep males divided into four groups (six animals in each group) which were fed a basic diet composed of alfalfa and tall fescue grass. The C. deserticola feed was provided to sheep at different levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%) as experimental treatments. On the last day (Day 75), ruminal fluid was collected through a rumen tube for evaluating changes in rumen flora. The test results showed that Prevotella_1, Lactobacillus, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were the dominant species at the genus level in all samples. Lactobacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Butyrivibrio_2, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group differed significantly in relative abundance among the treatment groups. The polysaccharides in C. deserticola was the major factor influencing the alteration in rumen flora abundance, and had the functions of improving rumen fermentation environment and regulating rumen flora structure, etc. Hence, C. deserticola can be used to regulate rumen fermentation in grazing sheep to improve production efficiency.
Collapse
|
32
|
Thanh LP, Kha PTT, Loor JJ, Hang TTT. Grape seed tannin extract and polyunsaturated fatty acids affect in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6524055. [PMID: 35137104 PMCID: PMC8919818 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT), one of the most ubiquitous compounds in the plant kingdom, can modulate ruminal nutrient metabolism. Objectives were to study potential interactions of CT and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on ruminal fermentation, biohydrogenation (BH), and methane production. Ruminal fluid obtained from lactating Holstein Friesian cows was used. All experiments were carried out as a completely randomized design with the same mixed diet: control (60:40 forage:concentrate) without supplement (CON), 2.5% soybean oil (SBO), and SBO + grape seed tannin extract (GSTE) at 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, or 0.8% dietary DM (ST0.2, ST0.4, ST0.6, and ST0.8, respectively). Compared with CON (84.7 mM), total VFA concentration was not affected by SBO, but decreased (P < 0.001) with ST0.8 vs. ST0.6 (75.3 vs. 78.3 mM). Relative to CON, methane production was depressed (P < 0.001) by 17.7% and 28.0% in ST0.4 and ST0.8. The highest (P < 0.001) mean concentrations of c9,t11 CLA and C18:1 t11 were observed with ST0.4 compared with CON, but there was no difference between SBO and CT-containing diets. Disappearance of C18:2 c9,c12 was 49.1% vs. 50.3% in CON vs. SBO, whereas it ranged from 39.9% to 46.3% in CT-containing diets after 2 h incubation (P < 0.001). Concentrations of c9,t11 CLA with supplemental SBO and ST0.8 nearly peaked (P < 0.001) at 2 h incubation, but this fatty acid peaked (P > 0.05) at 6 h incubation and remained higher (P < 0.001; 15.9-17.0 µg/mL) at 24 h incubation with ST0.2, ST0.4, and ST0.6 compared with other diets (13.5-14.5 µg/mL). Compared with CON (50.6 µg/mL), concentration of C18:1 t11 with SBO and CT-containing diets reached a peak (P < 0.001; 241-265 µg/mL) at 12 h incubation. Concentration of C18:0 was 171%-231% higher (P < 0.001) with SBO and CT relative to CON at 24 h incubation. Overall, these results demonstrated that PUFA in SBO are more effective in modulating ruminal BH and CH4 production when combined with CT. However, high doses of added CT can reduce ruminal VFA concentration. Thus, a level of 0.4% GSTE added to diets containing 2.5% PUFA from plant origin might be suitable for optimizing ruminal fermentation and BH of C18:2 c9,c12 to fatty acid intermediates that could have beneficial effects to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam,Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Corresponding authors:
| | - Pham Truong Thoai Kha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Can Tho University, Phung Hiep, Hau Giang 95000, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Roldan MB, Cousins G, Muetzel S, Zeller WE, Fraser K, Salminen JP, Blanc A, Kaur R, Richardson K, Maher D, Jahufer Z, Woodfield DR, Caradus JR, Voisey CR. Condensed Tannins in White Clover ( Trifolium repens) Foliar Tissues Expressing the Transcription Factor TaMYB14-1 Bind to Forage Protein and Reduce Ammonia and Methane Emissions in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:777354. [PMID: 35069633 PMCID: PMC8774771 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Grazing ruminants contribute to global climate change through enteric methane and nitrous oxide emissions. However, animal consumption of the plant polyphenolics, proanthocyanidins, or condensed tannins (CTs) can decrease both methane emissions and urine nitrogen levels, leading to reduced nitrous oxide emissions, and concomitantly increase animal health and production. CTs are largely absent in the foliage of important temperate pasture legumes, such as white clover (Trifolium repens), but found in flowers and seed coats. Attempts at enhancing levels of CT expression in white clover leaves by mutagenesis and breeding have not been successful. However, the transformation of white clover with the TaMYB14-1 transcription factor from Trifolium arvense has resulted in the production of CTs in leaves up to 1.2% of dry matter (DM). In this study, two generations of breeding elevated foliar CTs to >2% of DM. The CTs consisted predominantly of prodelphinidins (PD, 75-93%) and procyanidins (PC, 17-25%) and had a mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of approximately 10 flavan-3-ol subunits. In vitro studies showed that foliar CTs were bound to bovine serum albumin and white clover proteins at pH 6.5 and were released at pH 2.-2.5. Using rumen in vitro assays, white clover leaves containing soluble CTs of 1.6-2.4% of DM significantly reduced methane production by 19% (p ≤0.01) and ammonia production by 60% (p ≤ 0.01) relative to non-transformed wild type (WT) controls after 6 h of incubation. These results provide valuable information for further studies using CT expressing white clover leaves for bloat prevention and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B. Roldan
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Greig Cousins
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Muetzel
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wayne E. Zeller
- ARS-USDA, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Karl Fraser
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Alexia Blanc
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- AgroParis Tech, Paris, France
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- PGG Wrightson Seeds Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kim Richardson
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Dorothy Maher
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Zulfi Jahufer
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Battacone G, Lunesu MF, Rassu SPG, Nudda A, Pulina G. Effect of Suckling Management and Ewe Concentrate Level on Methane-Related Carbon Footprint of Lamb Meat in Sardinian Dairy Sheep Farming. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123605. [PMID: 34944379 PMCID: PMC8698036 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Suckling lamb meat is the secondary product of the Mediterranean traditional dairy sheep industry. Similar to the main production, i.e., milk, lamb meat contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), whose main portion is represented by enteric methane produced by the lamb dams. Such an emission, although limited in quantitative terms, should be mitigated by appropriate feeding or compensation techniques. Among all the sources of variation of meat lamb emissions, sex of the lamb and type of lambing (single or twins) showed the largest effect. Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the methane-linked carbon footprint (CF) of the suckling lamb meat of Mediterranean dairy sheep. Ninety-six Sarda dairy ewes, divided into four groups of 24 animals each, were assigned to 2 × 2 factorial design. The experiment included the suckling lamb feeding system: traditional (TS), in which lambs followed their mothers on pasture during grazing time, vs. separated (SS), in which lambs remained indoors, separated from their mothers during the grazing time. Each group was divided into high (HS) and low (LS) supplemented ewes (600 g/d vs. 200 g/d of concentrate). The estimated CH4 emission of the ewes, calculated per kg of body weight (BW) gain of the lamb during the suckling period, was then converted to CO2eq with multiplying factor of 25. The TS lambs showed lower methane-linked emissions than SS ones (p < 0.05). The sex of lambs affected their methane-linked CF, with males having lower (p < 0.05) values than females. Twins displayed much lower methane-linked CF than singles (4.56 vs. 7.30 kg of CO2eq per kg of BW gained), whereas the level of supplementation did not affect greenhouse gases (GHG) emission. Interaction displayed lower and not-different GHG emissions for both indoor- and outdoor-reared twins. In conclusion, the methane-linked CF of the suckling lamb meat can be reduced by maintaining the traditional lamb rearing system and by improving flock prolificacy.
Collapse
|
35
|
Durmic Z, Black JL, Martin GB, Vercoe PE. Harnessing plant bioactivity for enteric methane mitigation in Australia. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides examples of the utilisation of plant bioactivity to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from the Australian ruminant production systems. Potential plant-based mitigation strategies that reduce CH4 without major impacts on forage digestibility include the following: (i) low methanogenic tropical and temperate grass, legume and shrub forage species, which offer renewable and sustainable solutions and are easy to adopt, but may have restricted geographical distribution or relatively high costs of establishment and maintenance; (ii) plant-based agricultural by-products including grape marc, olive leaves and fruit, and distiller’s grains that can mitigate CH4 and provide relatively cheap high-nutrient supplements, while offsetting the impact of agricultural waste, but their use may be limited due to unfavourable characteristics such as high protein and water content or cost of transport; (iii) plant extracts, essential oils and pure compounds that are abundant in Australian flora and offer exciting opportunities on the basis of in vitro findings, but require verification in ruminant production systems. The greatest CH4 mitigation potential based on in vitro assays come from the Australian shrubs Eremophila species, Jasminum didymium and Lotus australis (>80% CH4 reduction), tropical forages Desmanthus leptophyllus, Hetropogon contortus and Leucaena leucocephala (~40% CH4 reduction), temperate forages Biserrula pelecinus (70–90% CH4 reduction), perennial ryegrass and white clover (~20% CH4 reduction), and plant extracts or essential oils from Melaleuca ericifolia, B. pelecinus and Leptospermum petersonii (up to 80% CH4 reduction). Further research is required to confirm effectiveness of these plant-based strategies in vivo, determine optimal doses, practical modes of delivery to livestock, analyse benefit–cost ratios and develop pathways to adoption.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yu G, Beauchemin KA, Dong R. A Review of 3-Nitrooxypropanol for Enteric Methane Mitigation from Ruminant Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3540. [PMID: 34944313 PMCID: PMC8697901 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation accounts for 3 to 5% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Cost-effective strategies are needed to reduce feed energy losses as enteric CH4 while improving ruminant production efficiency. Mitigation strategies need to be environmentally friendly, easily adopted by producers and accepted by consumers. However, few sustainable CH4 mitigation approaches are available. Recent studies show that the chemically synthesized CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol is one of the most effective approaches for enteric CH4 abatement. 3-nitrooxypropanol specifically targets the methyl-coenzyme M reductase and inhibits the final catalytic step in methanogenesis in rumen archaea. Providing 3-nitrooxypropanol to dairy and beef cattle in research studies has consistently decreased enteric CH4 production by 30% on average, with reductions as high as 82% in some cases. Efficacy is positively related to 3-NOP dose and negatively affected by neutral detergent fiber concentration of the diet, with greater responses in dairy compared with beef cattle when compared at the same dose. This review collates the current literature on 3-nitrooxypropanol and examines the overall findings of meta-analyses and individual studies to provide a synthesis of science-based information on the use of 3-nitrooxypropanol for CH4 abatement. The intent is to help guide commercial adoption at the farm level in the future. There is a significant body of peer-reviewed scientific literature to indicate that 3-nitrooxypropanol is effective and safe when incorporated into total mixed rations, but further research is required to fully understand the long-term effects and the interactions with other CH4 mitigating compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Karen A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Ruilan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Min BR, Parker D, Brauer D, Waldrip H, Lockard C, Hales K, Akbay A, Augyte S. The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: Challenges and opportunities. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1371-1387. [PMID: 34786510 PMCID: PMC8581222 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds are macroalgae, which can be of many different morphologies, sizes, colors, and chemical profiles. They include brown, red, and green seaweeds. Brown seaweeds have been more investigated and exploited in comparison to other seaweed types for their use in animal feeding studies due to their large sizes and ease of harvesting. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that plant secondary compound-containing seaweeds (e.g., halogenated compounds, phlorotannins, etc.) have the potential to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants when added to the diets of beef and dairy cattle. Red seaweeds including Asparagopsis spp. are rich in crude protein and halogenated compounds compared to brown and green seaweeds. When halogenated-containing red seaweeds are used as the active ingredient in ruminant diets, bromoform concentration can be used as an indicator of anti-methanogenic properties. Phlorotannin-containing brown seaweed has also the potential to decrease CH4 production. However, numerous studies examined the possible anti-methanogenic effects of marine seaweeds with inconsistent results. This work reviews existing data associated with seaweeds and in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation, animal performance, and enteric CH4 emissions in ruminants. Increased understanding of the seaweed supplementation related to rumen fermentation and its effect on animal performance and CH4 emissions in ruminants may lead to novel strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving animal productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeng R. Min
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - David Parker
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - David Brauer
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Heidi Waldrip
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Catherine Lockard
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), 2300 Experiment Station Dr., Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | - Kristin Hales
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ribeiro L, Puchala R, Goetsch A. Effects of an array of dietary treatments and length of feeding on ruminal methane emission and other variables in hair sheep. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
39
|
Cardoso-Gutierrez E, Aranda-Aguirre E, Robles-Jimenez LE, Castelán-Ortega OA, Chay-Canul AJ, Foggi G, Angeles-Hernandez JC, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, González-Ronquillo M. Effect of tannins from tropical plants on methane production from ruminants: A systematic review. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100214. [PMID: 34841126 PMCID: PMC8606516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A negative relationship was observed between the level of tannin inclusion and CH4 emission. The effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Sub-group analysis revealed differences of tannins supplementation response according to CH4 emission measurements techniques.
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas generated during the feed fermentation processes in the rumen. However, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the capacity of plant secondary metabolites to enhance ruminal fermentation and decrease CH4 production, especially those plants rich in tannins. This review conducted a descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of the use of tannin-rich plants in tropical regions to mitigate CH4 production from livestock. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of tannins supplementation in tropical plants on CH4 production in ruminants using a meta-analytic approach and the effect on microbial population. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using a meta-regression analysis. Final database was integrated by a total of 14 trials. The ‘meta’ package in R statistical software was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The covariates defined a priori in the current meta-regression were inclusion level, species (sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and cross-bred heifers) and plant. Results showed that supplementation with tropical plants with tannin contents have the greatest effects on CH4 mitigation . A negative relationship was observed between the level of inclusion and CH4 emission (−0.09), which means that the effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Therefore, less CH4 production will be obtained when supplementing tropical plants in the diet with a high dose of tannins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Cardoso-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - E Aranda-Aguirre
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - L E Robles-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - O A Castelán-Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A, la Huasteca 2ª Sección, CP 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - G Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Angeles-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo México, 43600 Mexico
| | - E Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M González-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wang M, Chen M, Bai J, Zhang J, Su R, Franco M, Ding Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo X. Ensiling characteristics, in vitro rumen fermentation profile, methane emission and archaeal and protozoal community of silage prepared with alfalfa, sainfoin and their mixture. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
41
|
In Vitro Screening of Plant Materials to Reduce Ruminal Protozoal Population and Mitigate Ammonia and Methane Emissions. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative feed sources can be utilized to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions, a major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of tropical plants to improve digestibility, reduce protozoal populations, improve rumen fermentation, and minimize methane emissions from ruminants. The plants considered herein grow in tropical climates, are easily accessible in large quantities, and are directly related to human food production. Nine plants that grow naturally in tropical climates were assessed. Plant supplementation substantially enhanced accumulative gas production at 24 h (p < 0.05). The apparent organic matter digestibility (AOMDvt) of the diet was not affected by five of the nine plants. With the addition of the plant material, ammonia nitrogen concentrations were reduced by up to 47% and methane concentrations were reduced by 54%. Five of the nine plant materials reduced methane production in terms of CH4/dry matter and CH4/digestibility of the organic matter by 15–35% and 8–24%, respectively. In conclusion, supplementation with plants with high tannin contents was shown to be a viable strategy for improving rumen fermentation, reducing protozoal populations, and limiting methane emissions. In this regard, the leaves of Piper sarmentosum, Acmella oleracea, Careya arborea, and Anacardium occidentale were especially promising.
Collapse
|
42
|
Effects of Condensed Tannins Supplementation on Animal Performance, Phylogenetic Microbial Changes, and In Vitro Methane Emissions in Steers Grazing Winter Wheat. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082391. [PMID: 34438848 PMCID: PMC8388732 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Grazing wheat pasture is a common practice throughout the southeastern and south-central United States; however, the practice is limited by concerns regarding the occurrence of bloat. In addition, there are few reports concerning methane production by cattle grazing wheat pasture. Naturally occurring plant secondary compounds, including condensed tannins (CT), saponins, and essential oils, are extensively evaluated as natural alternatives to control bloat and to mitigate methane production. However, the effects of CT supplementation on ruminal gas production, rumen microflora community changes, and animal performance in stocker cattle grazing wheat forage are not fully defined. Supplementation with CT induced changes in ruminal bacteria, reduced methane emissions, and increased animal performance. These data indicate that CT supplementation may benefit stocker producers grazing wheat pasture by decreasing the incidence of bloat and increasing animal performance by changing rumen fermentation. Abstract Eighteen growing rumen-cannulated steers, with initial body weight (BW) of 167.4 ± 7.10 kg, were randomly allocated to one of three treatments that included a control (0% CT) and two CT treatment levels (0.05% and 0.07% condensed tannins (CT)/kg BW) with two replicates each. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, final BW and average daily gain were greater (p < 0.05) for the 0.07% CT treatment compared to either 0.05% CT or control groups. Rumen bacterial populations in steers fed winter wheat in the absence of CT represented large proportions of the moderate-guanines and cytosines (GC) containing bacterial clusters with similarity coefficient (SC) ranging from 64% to 92% In the presence of CT on day 0, day 20, and day 60, however, the SC was 60% or greater (90% SC) with multiple bacterial band clusters as shown by the denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis banding patterns. In Exp. 2, in vitro total gas, potential gas, and CH4 productions decreased (p < 0.01) as CT supplementation increased in steers grazing wheat forage. These results suggested that the administration of CT improved BW gain and induced bacterial community changes in the rumen of steers grazing wheat forage.
Collapse
|
43
|
Sultana N, Das NG, Kabir MA, Deb GK, Islam MT. Metabolic Benefit of Bulls Being Fed Moringa Leaves Twigs and Branches as a Major Concentrate Ingredient. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.712919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate nutrient metabolism and semen quality of bulls fed with moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves, twigs, and branches as a major concentrate ingredient. Twenty-one Red Chittagong bulls of about 204 (±50) kg initial live weight (LW) were randomly divided into three equal LW groups. They were fed maize silage as a basal feedstuff for 65 days with the supplementation of concentrate mixtures at 1% of LW, consisting of either 0, 25, or 50% moringa mash on a fresh basis. Moringa mash was a sun-dried ground preparation of leaves, twigs, and branches of moringa. The results indicated that different levels of moringa in concentrate mixtures (0, 25, and 50%) did not change daily DM intake, digestibility, and LW gain of bulls (p > 0.05). However, increasing dietary moringa (up to 203 g/kg DM) significantly decreased production cost of methane (CH4) (methane emission [kg/kg gain] = 1.6422—[0.0059 × moringa intake, g/kg DM], n = 12, R2 = 0.384, P = 0.032) in a similar metabolizable energy intake level (0.21 ± 0.01 MJ/kg LW). Also, higher dietary moringa significantly reduced urinary nitrogen loss (urinary nitrogen [% digested nitrogen] = 43.0 – 0.069 × moringa intake [g/kg DM]; R2 = 0.3712, P = 0.034). Thus, increasing moringa by 1 g/kg DM decreased CH4 emission by 6 g/kg gain and absorbed nitrogen loss by 0.069 %. Also, progressive motility of sperm increased significantly (33.0, 51.0, and 60.1%, respectively; p = 0.03) in bulls fed with concentrate mixtures containing moringa at 0, 25, or 50%. It may be concluded that feeding moringa mash at 203 g/kg DM may decrease energy loss as methane and urinary nitrogen loss without impacting the production of beef cattle. Feeding moringa mash to beef cattle may abate dietary energy and nitrogen loss and consequently decrease the environmental pollution.
Collapse
|
44
|
Moorby JM, Fraser MD. Review: New feeds and new feeding systems in intensive and semi-intensive forage-fed ruminant livestock systems. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100297. [PMID: 34312094 PMCID: PMC8664714 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions that ruminant livestock make to greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions are well documented and of considerable policy and public concern. At the same time, livestock production continues to play an important role in providing nutrient-rich foodstuffs for many people, particularly in less developed countries. They also offer a means by which plants that cannot be digested by humans, e.g. grass, can be converted into human-edible protein. In this review, we consider opportunities to improve nutrient capture by ruminant livestock through new feeds and feeding systems concentrating on intensive and semi-intensive systems, which we define as those in which animals are given diets that are designed and managed to be used as efficiently as possible. We consider alternative metrics for quantifying efficiency, taking into account resource use at a range of scales. Mechanisms for improving the performance and efficiencies of both individual animals and production systems are highlighted. We then go on to map these to potential changes in feeds and feeding systems. Particular attention is given to improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing enteric methane production. There is significant potential for the use of home-grown crops or novel feedstuffs such as insects and macroalgae to act as alternative sources of key amino acids and reduce reliance on unsustainably grown soybeans. We conclude by highlighting the extent to which climate change could impact forage-based livestock production and the need to begin work on developing appropriate adaptation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Moorby
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - M D Fraser
- Pwllpeiran Upland Research Centre, Aberystwyth University, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth SY23 4AB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Effects of Dietary Tannins’ Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle: A Meta-Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The environmental sustainability of beef production is a significant concern within the food production system. Tannins (TANs) can be used to minimize the environmental impact of ruminant production because they can improve ruminal fermentation and ruminants’ lifetime performances and mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with TANs as sustainable natural alternative to reduce the environmental impact on growth performance, rumen fermentation, enteric CH4 emissions, and nitrogen (N) use efficiency of beef cattle through a meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of studies published in scientific journals that investigated the effects of TANs’ supplementation on the variables of interest was performed using the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The data analyzed were extracted from 32 peer-reviewed publications. The effects of TANs were assessed using random-effects statistical models to examine the standardized mean difference (SMD) between TANs’ treatments and control (non-TANs). The heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis was performed for the covariates that were significant. TANs’ supplementation did not affect weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, or N use efficiency (p > 0.05). However, it reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in rumen (SMD = −0.508, p < 0.001), CH4 emissions per day (SMD = −0.474, p < 0.01) and per unit dry matter intake (SMD = −0.408, p < 0.01), urinary N excretion (SMD = −0.338, p < 0.05), and dry matter digestibility (SMD = −0.589, p < 0.001). Ruminal propionate (SMD = 0.250) and butyrate (SMD = 0.198) concentrations and fecal N excretion (SMD = 0.860) improved in response to TANs’ supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it is possible to use TANs as a CH4 mitigation strategy without affecting cattle growth rate. In addition, the shift from urinary to fecal N may be beneficial for environment preservation, as urinary N induces more harmful emissions than fecal N. Therefore, the addition of tannins in the diet of beef cattle could be used as a sustainable natural alternative to reduce the environmental impact of beef production.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lean IJ, Moate PJ. Cattle, climate and complexity: food security, quality and sustainability of the Australian cattle industries. Aust Vet J 2021; 99:293-308. [PMID: 33973228 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marked increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations are largely associated with the release of sequestered carbon in fossil fuels. While emissions of green-house gasses (GHG) from cattle have significant global warming potential, these are biogenic sources and substantially involve carbon in natural cycles, rather than fossil fuel. Cattle use human inedible feeds and by-products of human food production to produce nutrient-dense foods of great value to humans. INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE GHG PRODUCTION Reductions in land clearing and burning of grasslands and increased carbon sequestration in soils and trees have potential to substantially reduce GHG emissions. Increased efficiencies of production through intensified feeding and enteric modification have markedly reduced intensity of GHG emissions for cattle in Australia. Genetic selection for lower emissions has modest, but cumulative potential to reduce GHG (mostly CH4 ) emissions and intensity. Improved reproductive performance can reduce intensity of GHG emissions, especially in beef production. Feeds and technologies that reduce GHG production and intensity include improved pastures, grain feeding, dietary lipids, nitrates, ionophores, seaweed, 3-NOP, hormonal growth promotants in beef, and improved diets for peri-parturient dairy cattle. There is considerable potential to further reduce emissions from cattle using the technologies reviewed. INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE HEAT STRESS Cattle are susceptible to heat stress and ameliorating interventions include tree and shelter belts, shade, housing, cooling with fans and water and dietary manipulations. CONCLUSIONS Numerous interventions can reduce GHG emissions and intensity from cattle. There are opportunities to increase carbon capture and maintain biodiversity in Australia's extensive rangelands, but these require quantification and application. We can reduce the intensity of CH4 emissions for cattle in Australia and simultaneously improve their well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I J Lean
- Scibus and University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - P J Moate
- Agriculture Victoria, Ellinbank, Victoria, 3821, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Examining the Variables Leading to Apparent Incongruity between Antimethanogenic Potential of Tannins and Their Observed Effects in Ruminants—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several secondary plant metabolites have been identified that possess antimethanogenic properties. Tannin-rich forages have the potential to reduce methane emissions in ruminants while also increasing their nutrient use efficiency and promoting overall animal health. However, results have been highly inconclusive to date, with their antimethanogenic potential and effects on both animal performance and nutrition being highly variable even within a plant species. This variability is attributed to the structural characteristics of the tannins, many of which have been linked to an increased antimethanogenic potential. However, these characteristics are seldom considered in ruminant nutrition studies—often because the analytical techniques are inadequate to identify tannin structure and the focus is mostly on total tannin concentrations. Hence, in this article, we (i) review previous research that illustrate the variability of the antimethanogenic potential of forages; (ii) identify the source of inconsistencies behind these results; and (iii) discuss how these could be optimized to generate comparable and repeatable results. By adhering to this roadmap, we propose that there are clear links between plant metabolome and physiology and their antimethanogenic potential that can be established with the ultimate goal of improving the sustainable intensification of livestock.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hassan FU, Arshad MA, Ebeid HM, Rehman MSU, Khan MS, Shahid S, Yang C. Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet-Microbe Interaction. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:575801. [PMID: 33263013 PMCID: PMC7688522 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.575801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants inhabit the consortia of gut microbes that play a critical functional role in their maintenance and nourishment by enabling them to use cellulosic and non-cellulosic feed material. These gut microbes perform major physiological activities, including digestion and metabolism of dietary components, to derive energy to meet major protein (65-85%) and energy (ca 80%) requirements of the host. Owing to their contribution to digestive physiology, rumen microbes are considered one of the crucial factors affecting feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Any change in the rumen microbiome has an imperative effect on animal physiology. Ruminal microbes are fundamentally anaerobic and produce various compounds during rumen fermentation, which are directly used by the host or other microbes. Methane (CH4) is produced by methanogens through utilizing metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. Maximizing the flow of metabolic hydrogen in the rumen away from CH4 and toward volatile fatty acids (VFA) would increase the efficiency of ruminant production and decrease its environmental impact. Understanding of microbial diversity and rumen dynamics is not only crucial for the optimization of host efficiency but also required to mediate emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ruminants. There are various strategies to modulate the rumen microbiome, mainly including dietary interventions and the use of different feed additives. Phytogenic feed additives, mainly plant secondary compounds, have been shown to modulate rumen microflora and change rumen fermentation dynamics leading to enhanced animal performance. Many in vitro and in vivo studies aimed to evaluate the use of plant secondary metabolites in ruminants have been conducted using different plants or their extract or essential oils. This review specifically aims to provide insights into dietary interactions of rumen microbes and their subsequent consequences on rumen fermentation. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the modulation of rumen microbiome by using phytogenic compounds (essential oils, saponins, and tannins) for manipulating rumen dynamics to mediate CH4 emanation from livestock is presented. We have also discussed the pros and cons of each strategy along with future prospective of dietary modulation of rumen microbiome to improve the performance of ruminants while decreasing GHG emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hossam M. Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehryaar Shahid
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|