1
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Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad DM, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A pan-respiratory antiviral chemotype targeting a transient host multi-protein complex. Open Biol 2024; 14:230363. [PMID: 38889796 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a novel small molecule antiviral chemotype that was identified by an unconventional cell-free protein synthesis and assembly-based phenotypic screen for modulation of viral capsid assembly. Activity of PAV-431, a representative compound from the series, has been validated against infectious viruses in multiple cell culture models for all six families of viruses causing most respiratory diseases in humans. In animals, this chemotype has been demonstrated efficacious for porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (a coronavirus) and respiratory syncytial virus (a paramyxovirus). PAV-431 is shown to bind to the protein 14-3-3, a known allosteric modulator. However, it only appears to target the small subset of 14-3-3 which is present in a dynamic multi-protein complex whose components include proteins implicated in viral life cycles and in innate immunity. The composition of this target multi-protein complex appears to be modified upon viral infection and largely restored by PAV-431 treatment. An advanced analog, PAV-104, is shown to be selective for the virally modified target, thereby avoiding host toxicity. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding, and drugging, the host-virus interface, which leads to a new clinical therapeutic strategy for treatment of respiratory viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Broce
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, 28130 USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | | | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jim Lin
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Brown
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Lau
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Segal
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shi Hong
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaisri R Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Homer Boushey
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Greenland
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Satish Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118-4417 USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carsten Korth
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
| | | | | | - Vishwanath R Lingappa
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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2
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Michon M, Müller-Schiffmann A, Lingappa AF, Yu SF, Du L, Deiter F, Broce S, Mallesh S, Crabtree J, Lingappa UF, Macieik A, Müller L, Ostermann PN, Andrée M, Adams O, Schaal H, Hogan RJ, Tripp RA, Appaiah U, Anand SK, Campi TW, Ford MJ, Reed JC, Lin J, Akintunde O, Copeland K, Nichols C, Petrouski E, Moreira AR, Jiang IT, DeYarman N, Brown I, Lau S, Segal I, Goldsmith D, Hong S, Asundi V, Briggs EM, Phyo NS, Froehlich M, Onisko B, Matlack K, Dey D, Lingappa JR, Prasad MD, Kitaygorodskyy A, Solas D, Boushey H, Greenland J, Pillai S, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Korth C, Selvarajah S, Paulvannan K, Lingappa VR. A Pan-Respiratory Antiviral Chemotype Targeting a Host Multi-Protein Complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2021.01.17.426875. [PMID: 34931190 PMCID: PMC8687465 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.17.426875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel small molecule antiviral chemotype that was identified by an unconventional cell-free protein synthesis and assembly-based phenotypic screen for modulation of viral capsid assembly. Activity of PAV-431, a representative compound from the series, has been validated against infectious virus in multiple cell culture models for all six families of viruses causing most respiratory disease in humans. In animals this chemotype has been demonstrated efficacious for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (a coronavirus) and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (a paramyxovirus). PAV-431 is shown to bind to the protein 14-3-3, a known allosteric modulator. However, it only appears to target the small subset of 14-3-3 which is present in a dynamic multi-protein complex whose components include proteins implicated in viral lifecycles and in innate immunity. The composition of this target multi-protein complex appears to be modified upon viral infection and largely restored by PAV-431 treatment. Our findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding, and drugging, the host-virus interface, which leads to a new clinical therapeutic strategy for treatment of respiratory viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Michon
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Li Du
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fred Deiter
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean Broce
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Marcel Andrée
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heiner Schaal
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- University of Georgia, Animal Health Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan C. Reed
- Dept. of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jim Lin
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Brown
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Lau
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Segal
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Shi Hong
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Greenland
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satish Pillai
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Vishwanath R. Lingappa
- Prosetta Biosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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McMillan RE, Lo MK, Zhang XQ, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Garretson AF, Clark AE, Freshman JE, Murphy J, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY, Carlin AF. Enhanced broad spectrum in vitro antiviral efficacy of 3-F-4-MeO-Bn, 3-CN, and 4-CN derivatives of lipid remdesivir nucleoside monophosphate prodrugs. Antiviral Res 2023; 219:105718. [PMID: 37758067 PMCID: PMC10790242 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Broad spectrum oral antivirals are urgently needed for the early treatment of many RNA viruses of clinical concern. We previously described the synthesis of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-benzyl-glycero-3-phospho-RVn (V2043), an orally bioavailable lipid prodrug of remdesivir nucleoside (RVn, GS-441524) with broad spectrum antiviral activity against viruses with pandemic potential. Here we compared the relative activity of V2043 with new RVn lipid prodrugs containing sn-1 alkyl ether or sn-2 glycerol modifications. We found that 3-F-4-MeO-Bn, 3-CN-Bn, and 4-CN-Bn sn-2 glycerol modifications improved antiviral activity compared to V2043 when tested in vitro against clinically important RNA viruses from 5 virus families. These results support the continued development of V2043 and sn-2 glycerol modified RVn lipid prodrugs for the treatment of a broad range of RNA viruses for which there are limited therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E McMillan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, CA, USA
| | - Xing-Quan Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James R Beadle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadejda Valiaeva
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jon E Freshman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joyce Murphy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, CA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karl Y Hostetler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Jain S, Lo MK, Kainulainen MH, Welch SR, Spengler JR, Satter SM, Rahman MZ, Hossain ME, Chiang CF, Klena JD, Bergeron É, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Development of a neutralization assay using a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Nipah virus glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. Virology 2023; 587:109858. [PMID: 37544045 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus with a high case fatality rate. Due to its high pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of therapeutics or approved vaccines, its study requires biosafety level 4 (BSL4) containment. In this report, we developed a novel neutralization assay for use in biosafety level 2 laboratories. The assay uses a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing NiV glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. The recombinant virus propagates as a replication-competent virus in a cell line constitutively expressing NiV fusion protein, but it is restricted to a single round of replication in wild-type cells. We used this system to evaluate the neutralization activity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, plasma from NiV-infected hamsters, and serum from human patients. Therefore, this recombinant virus could be used as a surrogate for using pathogenic NiV and may constitute a powerful tool to develop therapeutics in low containment laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Markus H Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Syed M Satter
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Cheng-Feng Chiang
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - John D Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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5
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Johnson K, Juelich T, Smith J, Lee B, Freiberg AN. In Vivo Imaging of Nipah Virus Infection in Small Animal Rodent Models. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:149-157. [PMID: 37610580 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging system (IVIS) is a powerful tool for the study of infectious diseases, providing the ability to non-invasively follow viral infection in an individual animal over time. Recombinant henipaviruses expressing bioluminescent or fluorescent reporter proteins can be used both to monitor the spatial and temporal progression of Nipah virus (NiV) infection in vivo as well as in ex vivo tissues. Virally produced luciferases react with systemically administered substrate to produce bioluminescence that can then be detected via IVIS imaging, while fluorescent reporters inherently generate detectable fluorescence without a substrate. Here we describe protocols applying bioluminescent or fluorescent reporter expressing recombinant viruses to in vivo or ex vivo imaging of NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Terry Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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6
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Lo MK. Utilizing Recombinant Reporter Henipaviruses to Conduct Antiviral Screening. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:87-92. [PMID: 37610575 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Spillovers of Nipah virus (NiV) from its pteropid bat reservoir into the human population continue to cause near-annual outbreaks of fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in Bangladesh and India since its emergence in Malaysia over 20 years ago. The current lack of effective antiviral therapeutics against NiV merits further testing of compound libraries against NiV using rapid quantitative antiviral assays. The development of recombinant henipaviruses expressing reporter fluorescence and/or luminescence proteins has facilitated the screening of such libraries. In this chapter, we provide a basic protocol for both types of reporter viruses. Utilizing these live NiV-based reporter assays requires modest instrumentation and sidesteps the labor-intensive steps associated with traditional cytopathic effect or viral antigen-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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7
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Exploring inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, Ebola, Lassa, and Nipah viruses on N95 and KN95 respirator material using photoactivated methylene blue to enable reuse. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:863-870. [PMID: 35908824 PMCID: PMC9329093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a worldwide shortage of N95 respirators, prompting the development of decontamination methods to enable limited reuse. Countries lacking reliable supply chains would also benefit from the ability to safely reuse PPE. Methylene blue (MB) is a light-activated dye with demonstrated antimicrobial activity used to sterilize blood plasma. Decontamination of respirators using photoactivated MB requires no specialized equipment, making it attractive for use in the field during outbreaks. Methods We examined decontamination of N95 and KN95 respirators using photoactivated MB and 3 variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19; and 4 World Health Organization priority pathogens: Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Lassa virus. Virus inactivation by pretreating respirator material was also tested. Results Photoactivated MB inactivated all tested viruses on respirator material, albeit with varying efficiency. Virus applied to respirator material pre-treated with MB was also inactivated, thus MB pretreatment may potentially protect respirator wearers from virus exposure in real-time. Conclusions These results demonstrate that photoactivated MB represents a cost-effective, rapid, and widely deployable method to decontaminate N95 respirators for reuse during supply shortages.
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8
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Lo MK, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Chatterjee P, Flint M, Beadle JR, Valiaeva N, Schooley RT, Hostetler KY, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou C. Broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn: an orally-available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34401879 PMCID: PMC8366795 DOI: 10.1101/2021.08.06.455494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The intravenous administration of remdesivir for COVID-19 confines its utility to hospitalized patients. We evaluated the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of ODBG-P-RVn, an orally available, lipid-modified monophosphate prodrug of the remdesivir parent nucleoside (GS-441524) against viruses that cause diseases of human public health concern, including SARS-CoV-2. ODBG-P-RVn showed 20-fold greater antiviral activity than GS-441524 and had near-equivalent activity to remdesivir in primary-like human small airway epithelial cells. Our results warrant investigation of ODBG-P-RVn efficacy in vivo.
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9
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Zhang X, Huang W, Lu X, Liu S, Feng H, Yang W, Ye J, Li F, Ke S, Wei D. Identification of Carbazole Alkaloid Derivatives with Acylhydrazone as Novel Anti-TMV Agents with the Guidance of a Digital Fluorescence Visual Screening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7458-7466. [PMID: 34165977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Difficulty in preventing crops from plant viruses urges to discover novel efficient antiviral chemicals, which is sped up by precise screening methods. Fluorescence-based methods have recently been applied as innovative and rapid tools for visually monitoring the replication of viruses and screening of antivirals, whereas the quantification of fluorescence signals mainly depends on manually calculating the fluorescent spots, which is time-consuming and imprecise. In the present work, the fluorescence spots were automatically identified, and the fluorescence area was directly quantified by a program developed in our group, which avoided subjective errors from the operators. We further employed this digital and visual screening assay to identify antivirals using the tobacco mosaic virus-green fluorescence protein (TMV-GFP) construct, in which the expression of GFP intuitively reflected the efficacy of antivirals. The accuracy of this assay was validated by quantifying the activities of the commercial antiviral inhibitors ribavirin and ningnanmycin and then was applied to evaluate the subtle activity differences of a series of newly synthesized carbazole and β-carboline alkaloid derivatives. Among them, compounds 5 (76%) and 11 (63%) exhibited anti-TMV activities comparable to that of ningnanmycin (65%) at 50 μM, and they delayed the multiplication of TMV in the early stage of infection without phytotoxicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the digital and visual TMV-GFP screening method was competent to test the antiviral activities of compounds with subtle modifications and facilitated the discovery of novel antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P. R. China
| | - Xu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Liu
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Junli Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P. R. China
| | - Dengguo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
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10
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Haviernik J, Eyer L, Yoshii K, Kobayashi S, Cerny J, Nougairède A, Driouich JS, Volf J, Palus M, de Lamballerie X, Gould EA, Ruzek D. Development and characterization of recombinant tick-borne encephalitis virus expressing mCherry reporter protein: A new tool for high-throughput screening of antiviral compounds, and neutralizing antibody assays. Antiviral Res 2021; 185:104968. [PMID: 33157129 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The flavivirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks and may cause severe and potentially lethal neurological tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans. Studying TBEV requires the use of secondary methodologies to detect the virus in infected cells. To overcome this problem, we rationally designed and constructed a recombinant reporter TBEV that stably expressed the mCherry reporter protein. The resulting TBEV reporter virus (named mCherry-TBEV) and wild-type parental TBEV exhibited similar growth kinetics in cultured cells; however, the mCherry-TBEV virus produced smaller plaques. The magnitude of mCherry expression correlated well with progeny virus production but remained stable over <4 passages in cell culture. Using well-characterized antiviral compounds known to inhibit TBEV, 2'-C-methyladenosine and 2'-deoxy-2'-β-hydroxy-4'-azidocytidine (RO-9187), we demonstrated that mCherry-TBEV is suitable for high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. Serum samples from a TBEV-vaccinated human and a TBEV-infected dog were used to evaluate the mCherry-based neutralization test. Collectively, recombinant mCherry-TBEV reporter virus described here provides a powerful tool to facilitate the identification of potential antiviral agents, and to measure levels of neutralizing antibodies in human and animal sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Haviernik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kentaro Yoshii
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City 852-8523, Japan; Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Antoine Nougairède
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sélim Driouich
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Palus
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Ernest A Gould
- Unité des Virus Émergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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11
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Lo MK, Spengler JR, Krumpe LRH, Welch SR, Chattopadhyay A, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Scholte FEM, Hotard AL, Fuqua JL, Rose JK, Nichol ST, Palmer KE, O'Keefe BR, Spiropoulou CF. Griffithsin Inhibits Nipah Virus Entry and Fusion and Can Protect Syrian Golden Hamsters From Lethal Nipah Virus Challenge. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S480-S492. [PMID: 32037447 PMCID: PMC7199786 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans. There is currently no approved therapeutic for human use against NiV infection. Griffithsin (GRFT) is high-mannose oligosaccharide binding lectin that has shown in vivo broad-spectrum activity against viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activities of GRFT and its synthetic trimeric tandemer (3mG) against NiV and other viruses from 4 virus families. The 3mG had comparatively greater potency than GRFT against NiV due to its enhanced ability to block NiV glycoprotein-induced syncytia formation. Our initial in vivo prophylactic evaluation of an oxidation-resistant GRFT (Q-GRFT) showed significant protection against lethal NiV challenge in Syrian golden hamsters. Our results warrant further development of Q-GRFT and 3mG as potential NiV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren R H Krumpe
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne L Hotard
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joshua L Fuqua
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John K Rose
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth E Palmer
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Welch SR, Scholte FEM, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Lo MK, Montgomery JM, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Spengler JR. In Situ Imaging of Fluorescent Nipah Virus Respiratory and Neurological Tissue Tropism in the Syrian Hamster Model. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S448-S453. [PMID: 31665342 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a recombinant Nipah virus expressing a fluorescent protein (ZsG), we visualized virus tropism in the Syrian hamster model. We found that anatomical localization of fluorescence correlated to clinical signs; signal was primarily visualized in the respiratory tract in animals with acute-onset terminal disease, whereas central nervous system localization was seen in animals that succumbed with delayed disease onset. While polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection corresponded well to ZsG signal, virus was only isolated from some lung, brain, liver, and kidney samples that were ZsG and/or PCR positive, and only from animals euthanized on or before 15 days post infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Welch SR, Tilston NL, Lo MK, Whitmer SLM, Harmon JR, Scholte FEM, Spengler JR, Duprex WP, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Inhibition of Nipah Virus by Defective Interfering Particles. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S460-S470. [PMID: 32108876 PMCID: PMC11034736 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The error-prone nature of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases drives the diversity of RNA virus populations. Arising within this diversity is a subset of defective viral genomes that retain replication competency, termed defective interfering (DI) genomes. These defects are caused by aberrant viral polymerase reinitiation on the same viral RNA template (deletion DI species) or the nascent RNA strand (copyback DI species). DI genomes have previously been shown to alter the dynamics of a viral population by interfering with normal virus replication and/or by stimulating the innate immune response. In this study, we investigated the ability of artificially produced DI genomes to inhibit Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic biosafety level 4 paramyxovirus. High multiplicity of infection passaging of both NiV clinical isolates and recombinant NiV in Vero cells generated an extensive DI population from which individual DIs were identified using next-generation sequencing techniques. Assays were established to generate and purify both naturally occurring and in silico-designed DIs as fully encapsidated, infectious virus-like particles termed defective interfering particles (DIPs). We demonstrate that several of these NiV DIP candidates reduced NiV titers by up to 4 logs in vitro. These data represent a proof-of-principle that a therapeutic application of DIPs to combat NiV infections may be an alternative source of antiviral control for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Natasha L. Tilston
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shannon L. M. Whitmer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R. Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Florine E. M. Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Liu F, Huang Y, Wang Q, Shan H. Construction of eGFP-Tagged Senecavirus A for Facilitating Virus Neutralization Test and Antiviral Assay. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030283. [PMID: 32150804 PMCID: PMC7150990 DOI: 10.3390/v12030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is an emerging virus that causes vesicular disease in pigs. This virus belongs to the genus Senecavirus in the family Picornaviridae. The SVA CH-LX-01-2016 was isolated from Guangdong Province of China in 2016. In this study, a recombinant SVA CH-LX-01-2016 was constructed using reverse genetics, and proven to be able to express efficiently an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in vitro. This eGFP-tagged recombinant SVA (rSVA-eGFP) exhibited a high capacity for viral replication. Its fluorescence-tracked characteristics greatly facilitated both virus neutralization test (VNT) and antiviral assay. The rSVA-eGFP-based VNT was used to detect eight porcine serum samples, out of which four were determined to be neutralization titer-positive. Subsequently, two antiviral drugs, ribavirin and apigenin, were assayed for evaluating both effects against the rSVA-eGFP in vitro. The result showed that only the ribavirin exhibited an anti-SVA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Qingdao Research Center for Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Yilan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (Y.H.); (Q.W.)
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of New Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (H.S.)
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15
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Lo MK, Amblard F, Flint M, Chatterjee P, Kasthuri M, Li C, Russell O, Verma K, Bassit L, Schinazi RF, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Potent in vitro activity of β-D-4'-chloromethyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine against Nipah virus. Antiviral Res 2020; 175:104712. [PMID: 31935422 PMCID: PMC7054849 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that continues to cause outbreaks in humans characterized by high mortality and significant clinical sequelae in survivors. Currently, no therapeutics are approved for use in humans against NiV infection. Here, we report that 4'-chloromethyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine (ALS-8112) inhibits NiV. ALS-8112 is the parent nucleoside of lumicitabine, which has been evaluated in phase I and II clinical trials to treat pediatric and adult respiratory syncytial virus infection. In this study, we tested ALS-8112 against NiV and other major human respiratory pneumo- and paramyxoviruses in 2 human lung epithelial cell lines, and demonstrated the ability of ALS-8112 to reduce infectious wild-type NiV yield by over 6 orders of magnitude with no apparent cytotoxicity. However, further cytotoxicity testing in primary cells and bone marrow progenitor cells indicated cytotoxicity at higher concentrations of ALS-8112. Our results warrant the evaluation of lumicitabine against NiV infection in relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Franck Amblard
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mahesh Kasthuri
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chengwei Li
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Olivia Russell
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kiran Verma
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Leda Bassit
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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16
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Griffin BD, Leung A, Chan M, Warner BM, Ranadheera C, Tierney K, Audet J, Frost KL, Safronetz D, Embury-Hyatt C, Booth SA, Kobasa D. Establishment of an RNA polymerase II-driven reverse genetics system for Nipah virus strains from Malaysia and Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11171. [PMID: 31371748 PMCID: PMC6671980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) has emerged as a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that is capable of causing a febrile encephalitis and/or respiratory disease in humans for which no vaccines or licensed treatments are currently available. There are two genetically and geographically distinct lineages of NiV: NiV-Malaysia (NiV-M), the strain that caused the initial outbreak in Malaysia, and NiV-Bangladesh (NiV-B), the strain that has been implicated in subsequent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh. NiV-B appears to be both more lethal and have a greater propensity for person-to-person transmission than NiV-M. Here we describe the generation and characterization of stable RNA polymerase II-driven infectious cDNA clones of NiV-M and NiV-B. In vitro, reverse genetics-derived NiV-M and NiV-B were indistinguishable from a wildtype isolate of NiV-M, and both viruses were pathogenic in the Syrian hamster model of NiV infection. We also describe recombinant NiV-M and NiV-B with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) inserted between the G and L genes that enable rapid and sensitive detection of NiV infection in vitro. This panel of molecular clones will enable studies to investigate the virologic determinants of henipavirus pathogenesis, including the pathogenic differences between NiV-M and NiV-B, and the high-throughput screening of candidate therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Anders Leung
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Mable Chan
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Charlene Ranadheera
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kathy L Frost
- Molecular Pathobiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Booth
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada.,Molecular Pathobiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, R3E 3R2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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17
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Rajput A, Kumar A, Kumar M. Computational Identification of Inhibitors Using QSAR Approach Against Nipah Virus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:71. [PMID: 30809147 PMCID: PMC6379726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) caused several outbreaks in Asian countries including the latest one from Kerala state of India. There is no drug available against NiV till now, despite its urgent requirement. In the current study, we have provided a computational one-stop solution for NiV inhibitors. We have developed the first “anti-Nipah” web resource, which comprising of a data repository, prediction method, and data visualization module. The database contains of 313 (181 unique) chemicals extracted from research articles and patents, which were tested for different strains of NiV isolated from various outbreaks. Moreover, the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) based regression predictors were developed using chemicals having half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Predictive models were accomplished using support vector machine employing 10-fold cross validation technique. The overall predictor showed the Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.82 on training/testing dataset. Likewise, it also performed equally well on the independent validation dataset. The robustness of the predictive model was confirmed by applicability domain (William's plot) and scatter plot between actual and predicted efficiencies. Further, the data visualization module from chemical clustering analysis displayed the diversity in the NiV inhibitors. Therefore, this web platform would be of immense help to the researchers working in developing effective inhibitors against NiV. The user-friendly web server is freely available on URL: http://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/antinipah/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Rajput
- Virology Discovery Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Archit Kumar
- Virology Discovery Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Discovery Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
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18
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Flint M, Chatterjee P, Lin DL, McMullan LK, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Bergeron É, Lo MK, Welch SR, Nichol ST, Tai AW, Spiropoulou CF. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase as a potential antiviral target for Ebola virus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:285. [PMID: 30655525 PMCID: PMC6336797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no approved therapies for Ebola virus infection. Here, to find potential therapeutic targets, we perform a screen for genes essential for Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. We identify GNPTAB, which encodes the α and β subunits of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase. We show that EBOV infection of a GNPTAB knockout cell line is impaired, and that this is reversed by reconstituting GNPTAB expression. Fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis II, a disorder associated with mutations in GNPTAB, are refractory to EBOV, whereas cells from their healthy parents support infection. Impaired infection correlates with loss of the expression of cathepsin B, known to be essential for EBOV entry. GNPTAB activity is dependent upon proteolytic cleavage by the SKI-1/S1P protease. Inhibiting this protease with the small-molecule PF-429242 blocks EBOV entry and infection. Disruption of GNPTAB function may represent a strategy for a host-targeted therapy for EBOV. Genetic screens are important tools to identify host factors associated with viral infections. Here, Flint et al. perform a genome-wide CRISPR screen using infectious Ebola virus (EBOV) and show that the host transferase GNPTAB is required for EBOV infection and a potential target for antiviral therapies
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - David L Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Andrew W Tai
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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19
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Shapshak P, Balaji S, Kangueane P, Chiappelli F, Somboonwit C, Menezes LJ, Sinnott JT. Innovative Technologies for Advancement of WHO Risk Group 4 Pathogens Research. GLOBAL VIROLOGY III: VIROLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29022-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Seetharaman Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | | | - Francesco Chiappelli
- Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, UCLA School of Dentistry Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Lynette J. Menezes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - John T. Sinnott
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
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20
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A Mechanism Underlying Attenuation of Recombinant Influenza A Viruses Carrying Reporter Genes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120679. [PMID: 30513620 PMCID: PMC6316390 DOI: 10.3390/v10120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) carrying reporter genes provide a powerful tool to study viral infection and pathogenesis in vivo, however, incorporating a non-essential gene into the IAV genome often results in virus attenuation and genetic instability. Very few studies have systematically compared different reporter IAVs, and most optimization attempts seem to lack authentic directions. In this study, we evaluated the ratio of genome copies to the number of infectious unit of two reporter IAVs, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc. As a result, PR8-NS1-Gluc and PR8-PB2-Gluc produced 41.4 and 3.8 genomes containing noninfectious particles respectively for every such particle produced by parental PR8 virus. RdRp assay demonstrated that modification of segment NS by inserting reporter genes can interfere with the replication competitive property of the corresponding vRNAs, and the balance of the 8 segments of the reporter IAVs were drastically impaired in infected cells. As a consequence, large amounts of NS-null noninfectious particles were produced during the PR8-NS1-Gluc packaging. In summary, we unravel a mechanism underlying attenuation of reporter IAVs, which suggests a new approach to restore infectivity and virulence by introducing extra mutations compensating for the impaired replication property of corresponding segments.
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21
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Feng S, Su J, Lin L, Tu J. Development of a reverse genetics system for snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV). Virology 2018; 526:32-37. [PMID: 30336336 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) is a new rhabdovirus isolated from diseased hybrid snakehead fish (Channa maculate ♀ x Channa argus ♂) and has caused serious economic losses in snakehead fish culture in China. To better understand the pathogenicity of SHVV, we developed a reverse genetics system for SHVV by using human and fish cells. In detail, human 293T cells were co-transfected with four plasmids encoding the full-length SHVV antigenomic RNA or the supporting proteins including nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), and large polymerase (L), followed by the cultivation in Channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells. We also rescued a recombinant SHVV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), which was inserted into the 3' non-coding region (NCR) of the glycoprotein (G) gene of SHVV. Our study provides a potential tool for unveiling the pathogenicity of SHVV and a template for the rescue of other fish viruses by using both human 293T and fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Feng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Jiagang Tu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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22
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Albariño CG, Wiggleton Guerrero L, Chakrabarti AK, Nichol ST. Transcriptional analysis of viral mRNAs reveals common transcription patterns in cells infected by five different filoviruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201827. [PMID: 30071116 PMCID: PMC6072132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses are notorious viral pathogens responsible for high-consequence diseases in humans and non-human primates. Transcription of filovirus mRNA shares several common features with transcription in other non-segmented negative-strand viruses, including differential expression of genes located across the viral genome. Transcriptional patterns of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) have been previously described using traditional, laborious methods, such as northern blots and in vivo labeling of viral mRNAs. More recently, however, the availability of the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has offered a more straightforward approach to assess transcriptional patterns. In this report, we analyzed the transcription patterns of four ebolaviruses—EBOV, Sudan (SUDV), Bundibugyo (BDBV), and Reston (RESTV) viruses—in two different cell lines using standard NGS library preparation and sequencing protocols. In agreement with previous reports mainly focused on EBOV and MARV, the remaining filoviruses used in this study also showed a consistent transcription pattern, with only minor variations between the different viruses. We have also analyzed the proportions of the three mRNAs transcribed from the GP gene, which are characteristic of the genus Ebolavirus and encode the glycoprotein (GP), the soluble GP (sGP), and the small soluble GP (ssGP). In addition, we used NGS methodology to analyze the transcription pattern of two previously described recombinant MARV. This analysis allowed us to correct our construction design, and to make an improved version of the original MARV expressing reporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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23
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Lo MK, Jordan PC, Stevens S, Tam Y, Deval J, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Susceptibility of paramyxoviruses and filoviruses to inhibition by 2'-monofluoro- and 2'-difluoro-4'-azidocytidine analogs. Antiviral Res 2018; 153:101-113. [PMID: 29601894 PMCID: PMC6066796 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ebolaviruses, marburgviruses, and henipaviruses are zoonotic pathogens belonging to the Filoviridae and Paramyxoviridae families. They exemplify viruses that continue to spill over into the human population, causing outbreaks characterized by high mortality and significant clinical sequelae in survivors of infection. There are currently no approved small molecule therapeutics for use in humans against these viruses. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the nucleoside analog 4'-azidocytidine (4'N3-C, R1479) and its 2'-monofluoro- and 2'-difluoro-modified analogs (2'F-4'N3-C and 2'diF-4'N3-C) against representative paramyxoviruses (Nipah virus, Hendra virus, measles virus, and human parainfluenza virus 3) and filoviruses (Ebola virus, Sudan virus, and Ravn virus). We observed enhanced antiviral activity against paramyxoviruses with both 2'diF-4'N3-C and 2'F-4'N3-C compared to R1479. On the other hand, while R1479 and 2'diF-4'N3-C inhibited filoviruses similarly to paramyxoviruses, we observed 10-fold lower filovirus inhibition by 2'F-4'N3-C. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the susceptibility of paramyxoviruses and filoviruses to R1479 and its 2'-fluoro-modified analogs. The activity of these compounds against negative-strand RNA viruses endorses the development of 4'-modified nucleoside analogs as broad-spectrum therapeutics against zoonotic viruses of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lo
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Paul C Jordan
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stevens
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuen Tam
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Deval
- Alios BioPharma, Inc., a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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24
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Welch SR, Chakrabarti AK, Wiggleton Guerrero L, Jenks HM, Lo MK, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Development of a reverse genetics system for Sosuga virus allows rapid screening of antiviral compounds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018. [PMID: 29522528 PMCID: PMC5862516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sosuga virus (SOSV) is a recently discovered zoonotic paramyxovirus isolated from a single human case in 2012; it has been ecologically and epidemiologically associated with transmission by the Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Bats have long been recognized as sources of novel zoonotic pathogens, including highly lethal paramyxoviruses like Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). The ability of SOSV to cause severe human disease supports the need for studies on SOSV pathogenesis to better understand the potential impact of this virus and to identify effective treatments. Here we describe a reverse genetics system for SOSV comprising a minigenome-based assay and a replication-competent infectious recombinant reporter SOSV that expresses the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1 in infected cells. First, we used the minigenome assay to rapidly screen for compounds inhibiting SOSV replication at biosafety level 2 (BSL-2). The antiviral activity of candidate compounds was then tested against authentic viral replication using the reporter SOSV at BSL-3. We identified several compounds with anti-SOSV activity, several of which also inhibit NiV and HeV. Alongside its utility in screening for potential SOSV therapeutics, the reverse genetics system described here is a powerful tool for analyzing mechanisms of SOSV pathogenesis, which will facilitate our understanding of how to combat the potential public health threats posed by emerging bat-borne paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Harley M. Jenks
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Hotard AL, He B, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Lo MK. 4'-Azidocytidine (R1479) inhibits henipaviruses and other paramyxoviruses with high potency. Antiviral Res 2017. [PMID: 28629988 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The henipaviruses Nipah virus and Hendra virus are highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxoviruses which have caused fatal outbreaks of encephalitis and respiratory disease in humans. Despite the availability of a licensed equine Hendra virus vaccine and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody shown to be efficacious against henipavirus infections in non-human primates, there remains no approved therapeutics or vaccines for human use. To explore the possibility of developing small-molecule nucleoside inhibitors against henipaviruses, we evaluated the antiviral activity of 4'-azidocytidine (R1479), a drug previously identified to inhibit flaviviruses, against henipaviruses along with other representative members of the family Paramyxoviridae. We observed similar levels of R1479 antiviral activity across the family, regardless of virus genus. Our brief study expands the documented range of viruses susceptible to R1479, and provides the basis for future investigation and development of 4'-modified nucleoside analogs as potential broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics across both positive and negative-sense RNA virus families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Hotard
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Biao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43395. [PMID: 28262699 PMCID: PMC5338263 DOI: 10.1038/srep43395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GS-5734 is a monophosphate prodrug of an adenosine nucleoside analog that showed therapeutic efficacy in a non-human primate model of Ebola virus infection. It has been administered under compassionate use to two Ebola patients, both of whom survived, and is currently in Phase 2 clinical development for treatment of Ebola virus disease. Here we report the antiviral activities of GS-5734 and the parent nucleoside analog across multiple virus families, providing evidence to support new indications for this compound against human viruses of significant public health concern.
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27
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Welch SR, Guerrero LW, Chakrabarti AK, McMullan LK, Flint M, Bluemling GR, Painter GR, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Lassa and Ebola virus inhibitors identified using minigenome and recombinant virus reporter systems. Antiviral Res 2016; 136:9-18. [PMID: 27771389 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are important global health issues resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. While several promising drug and vaccine trials for EBOV are ongoing, options for LASV infection are currently limited to ribavirin treatment. A major factor impeding the development of antiviral compounds to treat these infections is the need to manipulate the virus under BSL-4 containment, limiting research to a few institutes worldwide. Here we describe the development of a novel LASV minigenome assay based on the ambisense LASV S segment genome, with authentic terminal untranslated regions flanking a ZsGreen (ZsG) fluorescent reporter protein and a Gaussia princeps luciferase (gLuc) reporter gene. This assay, along with a similar previously established EBOV minigenome, was optimized for high-throughput screening (HTS) of potential antiviral compounds under BSL-2 containment. In addition, we rescued a recombinant LASV expressing ZsG, which, in conjunction with a recombinant EBOV reporter virus, was used to confirm any potential antiviral hits in vitro. Combining an initial screen to identify potential antiviral compounds at BSL-2 containment before progressing to HTS with infectious virus will reduce the amount of expensive and technically challenging BSL-4 containment research. Using these assays, we identified 6-azauridine as having anti-LASV activity, and demonstrated its anti-EBOV activity in human cells. We further identified 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine as having potent anti-LASV activity, with an EC50 value 10 times lower than that of ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | | | - George R Painter
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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28
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Fluorescent and Bioluminescent Reporter Myxoviruses. Viruses 2016; 8:v8080214. [PMID: 27527209 PMCID: PMC4997576 DOI: 10.3390/v8080214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of virus reverse genetics has enabled the incorporation of genetically encoded reporter proteins into replication-competent viruses. These reporters include fluorescent proteins which have intrinsic chromophores that absorb light and re-emit it at lower wavelengths, and bioluminescent proteins which are luciferase enzymes that react with substrates to produce visible light. The incorporation of these reporters into replication-competent viruses has revolutionized our understanding of molecular virology and aspects of viral tropism and transmission. Reporter viruses have also enabled the development of high-throughput assays to screen antiviral compounds and antibodies and to perform neutralization assays. However, there remain technical challenges with the design of replication-competent reporter viruses, and each reporter has unique advantages and disadvantages for specific applications. This review describes currently available reporters, design strategies for incorporating reporters into replication-competent paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses, and the variety of applications for which these tools can be utilized both in vitro and in vivo.
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29
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Van den Hoecke S, Verhelst J, Saelens X. Illumina MiSeq sequencing disfavours a sequence motif in the GFP reporter gene. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26314. [PMID: 27193250 PMCID: PMC4872057 DOI: 10.1038/srep26314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is one of the most used reporter genes. We have used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse the genetic diversity of a recombinant influenza A virus that expresses GFP and found a remarkable coverage dip in the GFP coding sequence. This coverage dip was present when virus-derived RT-PCR product or the parental plasmid DNA was used as starting material for NGS and regardless of whether Nextera XT transposase or Covaris shearing was used for DNA fragmentation. Therefore, the sequence coverage dip in the GFP coding sequence was not the result of emerging GFP mutant viruses or a bias introduced by Nextera XT fragmentation. Instead, we found that the Illumina MiSeq sequencing method disfavours the 'CCCGCC' motif in the GFP coding sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie Van den Hoecke
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Judith Verhelst
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
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Park A, Yun T, Hill TE, Ikegami T, Juelich TL, Smith JK, Zhang L, Freiberg AN, Lee B. Optimized P2A for reporter gene insertion into Nipah virus results in efficient ribosomal skipping and wild-type lethality. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:839-843. [PMID: 26781134 PMCID: PMC4854364 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of reporter genes within virus genomes is an indispensable tool for interrogation of virus biology and pathogenesis. In previous work, we incorporated a fluorophore into a viral ORF by attaching it to the viral gene via a P2A ribosomal skipping sequence. This recombinant Nipah virus, however, was attenuated in vitro relative to WT virus. In this work, we determined that inefficient ribosomal skipping was a major contributing factor to this attenuation. Inserting a GSG linker before the P2A sequence resulted in essentially complete skipping, significantly improved growth in vitro, and WT lethality in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first time a recombinant virus of Mononegavirales with integration of a reporter into a viral ORF has been compared with the WT virus in vivo. Incorporating the GSG linker for improved skipping efficiency whenever functionally important is a critical consideration for recombinant virus design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana Yun
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Terence E. Hill
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Terry L. Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander N. Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Development of a reverse genetics system to generate a recombinant Ebola virus Makona expressing a green fluorescent protein. Virology 2015; 484:259-264. [PMID: 26122472 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the potential application of reverse genetics technology in studying a broad range of aspects of viral biology, including gene regulation, protein function, cell entry, and pathogenesis. Here, we describe a highly efficient reverse genetics system used to generate recombinant Ebola virus (EBOV) based on a recent isolate from a human patient infected during the 2014-2015 outbreak in Western Africa. We also rescued a recombinant EBOV expressing a fluorescent reporter protein from a cleaved VP40 protein fusion. Using this virus and an inexpensive method to quantitate the expression of the foreign gene, we demonstrate its potential usefulness as a tool for screening antiviral compounds and measuring neutralizing antibodies.
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Mohr EL, McMullan LK, Lo MK, Spengler JR, Bergeron É, Albariño CG, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Chiang CF, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Flint M. Inhibitors of cellular kinases with broad-spectrum antiviral activity for hemorrhagic fever viruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:40-7. [PMID: 25986249 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Host cell kinases are important for the replication of a number of hemorrhagic fever viruses. We tested a panel of kinase inhibitors for their ability to block the replication of multiple hemorrhagic fever viruses. OSU-03012 inhibited the replication of Lassa, Ebola, Marburg and Nipah viruses, whereas BIBX 1382 dihydrochloride inhibited Lassa, Ebola and Marburg viruses. BIBX 1382 blocked both Lassa and Ebola virus glycoprotein-dependent cell entry. These compounds may be used as tools to understand conserved virus-host interactions, and implicate host cell kinases that may be targets for broad spectrum therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Mohr
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Emory-Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Cheng-Feng Chiang
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Wall KP, Dillon R, Knowles MK. Fluorescence quantum yield measurements of fluorescent proteins: a laboratory experiment for a biochemistry or molecular biophysics laboratory course. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 43:52-9. [PMID: 25395254 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins are commonly used in cell biology to assess where proteins are within a cell as a function of time and provide insight into intracellular protein function. However, the usefulness of a fluorescent protein depends directly on the quantum yield. The quantum yield relates the efficiency at which a fluorescent molecule converts absorbed photons into emitted photons and it is necessary to know for assessing what fluorescent protein is the most appropriate for a particular application. In this work, we have designed an upper-level, biochemistry laboratory experiment where students measure the fluorescence quantum yields of fluorescent proteins relative to a standard organic dye. Four fluorescent protein variants, enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP), enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), mCitrine, and mCherry, were used, however the methods described are useful for the characterization of any fluorescent protein or could be expanded to fluorescent quantum yield measurements of organic dye molecules. The laboratory is designed as a guided inquiry project and takes two, 4 hr laboratory periods. During the first day students design the experiment by selecting the excitation wavelength, choosing the standard, and determining the concentration needed for the quantum yield experiment that takes place in the second laboratory period. Overall, this laboratory provides students with a guided inquiry learning experience and introduces concepts of fluorescence biophysics into a biochemistry laboratory curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Wall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Colorado, 80208
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