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Kainulainen MH, Harmon JR, Whitesell AN, Bergeron É, Karaaslan E, Cossaboom CM, Malenfant JH, Kofman A, Montgomery JM, Choi MJ, Albariño CG, Spiropoulou CF. Recombinant Sudan virus and evaluation of humoral cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after infection or rVSV-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2265660. [PMID: 37787119 PMCID: PMC10623891 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2265660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Ebola disease outbreaks are major public health events because of human-to-human transmission and high mortality. These outbreaks are most often caused by Ebola virus, but at least three related viruses can also cause the disease. In 2022, Sudan virus re-emerged causing more than 160 confirmed and probable cases. This report describes generation of a recombinant Sudan virus and demonstrates its utility by quantifying antibody cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after human infection or vaccination with a licensed Ebola virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H. Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica R. Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy N. Whitesell
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elif Karaaslan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin M. Cossaboom
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason H. Malenfant
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron Kofman
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary J. Choi
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Jain S, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Flint M, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Development of reverse genetic tools to study Chapare and Machupo viruses. Virology 2023; 588:109888. [PMID: 37774602 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Arenaviruses are highly pathogenic viruses that pose a serious public health threat. Chapare virus (CHAV) and Machupo virus (MACV), two New World arenaviruses, cause hemorrhagic fevers with case fatality rates of up to 45%. Research on therapeutic drug targets and vaccines for these viruses is limited because biosafety level 4 containment is required for handling them. In this study, we developed reverse genetics systems, including minigenomes and recombinant viruses, that will facilitate the study of these pathogens. The minigenome system is based on the S segment of CHAV or MACV genomes expressing the fluorescent reporter gene ZsGreen (ZsG). We also generated recombinant CHAV and MACV with and without the ZsG reporter gene. As a proof-of-concept study, we used both minigenomes and recombinant viruses to test the inhibitory effects of previously reported antiviral compounds. The new reverse genetics system described here will facilitate future therapeutic studies for these two life-threatening arenaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Jain S, Lo MK, Kainulainen MH, Welch SR, Spengler JR, Satter SM, Rahman MZ, Hossain ME, Chiang CF, Klena JD, Bergeron É, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Development of a neutralization assay using a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Nipah virus glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. Virology 2023; 587:109858. [PMID: 37544045 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus with a high case fatality rate. Due to its high pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of therapeutics or approved vaccines, its study requires biosafety level 4 (BSL4) containment. In this report, we developed a novel neutralization assay for use in biosafety level 2 laboratories. The assay uses a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing NiV glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. The recombinant virus propagates as a replication-competent virus in a cell line constitutively expressing NiV fusion protein, but it is restricted to a single round of replication in wild-type cells. We used this system to evaluate the neutralization activity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, plasma from NiV-infected hamsters, and serum from human patients. Therefore, this recombinant virus could be used as a surrogate for using pathogenic NiV and may constitute a powerful tool to develop therapeutics in low containment laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Markus H Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Syed M Satter
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Enayet Hossain
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Cheng-Feng Chiang
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - John D Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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Parrington HM, Kose N, Armstrong E, Handal LS, Diaz S, Reidy J, Dong J, Stewart-Jones GB, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Jain S, Albariño CG, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE. Potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against the zoonotic pararubulavirus Sosuga virus. JCI Insight 2023; 8:166811. [PMID: 36853802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sosuga virus (SOSV) is a recently discovered paramyxovirus with a single known human case of disease. There has been little laboratory research on SOSV pathogenesis or immunity, and no approved therapeutics or vaccines are available. Here, we report the discovery of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the circulating memory B cells of the only known human case and survivor of SOSV infection. We isolated six mAbs recognizing the functional attachment protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and 18 mAbs against the fusion (F) protein. The anti-HN mAbs all target the globular head of the HN protein and can be organized into 4 competition-binding groups that exhibit epitope diversity. The anti-F mAbs can be divided into pre- or postfusion conformation-specific categories and further into 8 competition-binding groups. The only antibody in the panel that did not display neutralization activity was the single, postfusion-specific anti-F mAb. Most of the anti-HN mAbs were more potently neutralizing than the anti-F mAbs, with mAbs in one of the HN competition-binding groups possessing ultra-potent (<1 ng/mL) half maximal inhibitory (IC50) virus neutralization values. These findings provide insight into the molecular basis for human antibody recognition of paramyxovirus surface proteins and the mechanisms of SOSV neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Parrington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Erica Armstrong
- Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Laura S Handal
- Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Summer Diaz
- Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Joseph Reidy
- Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - Jinhui Dong
- Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | | | - Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States of America
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Welch SR, Ritter JM, Schuh AJ, Genzer SC, Sorvillo TE, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Jain S, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Seixas JN, Estetter LB, Fair PS, Towner JS, Montgomery JM, Albariño CG, Spiropoulou CF, Spengler JR. Tissue replication and mucosal swab detection of Sosuga virus in Syrian hamsters in the absence of overt tissue pathology and clinical disease. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105490. [PMID: 36521633 PMCID: PMC10999129 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human infection with Sosuga virus (SOSV), a recently discovered pathogenic paramyxovirus, has been reported in one individual to date. No animal models of disease are currently available for SOSV. Here, we describe initial characterization of experimental infection in Syrian hamsters, including kinetics of virus dissemination and replication, and the corresponding clinical parameters, immunological responses, and histopathology. We demonstrate susceptibility of hamsters to infection in the absence of clinical signs or significant histopathologic findings in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Amy J Schuh
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Sarah C Genzer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Teresa E Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shilpi Jain
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Josilene Nascimento Seixas
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Lindsey B Estetter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Pamela S Fair
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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Kainulainen MH, Spengler JR, Welch SR, Coleman-McCray JD, Harmon JR, Scholte FEM, Goldsmith CS, Nichol ST, Albariño CG, Spiropoulou CF. Protection From Lethal Lassa Disease Can Be Achieved Both Before and After Virus Exposure by Administration of Single-Cycle Replicating Lassa Virus Replicon Particles. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1281-1289. [PMID: 31152662 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever is a frequently severe human disease that is endemic to several countries in West Africa. To date, no licensed vaccines are available to prevent Lassa virus (LASV) infection, even though Lassa fever is thought to be an important disease contributing to mortality and both acute and chronic morbidity. We have previously described a vaccine candidate composed of single-cycle LASV replicon particles (VRPs) and a stable cell line for their production. Here, we refine the genetic composition of the VRPs and demonstrate the ability to reproducibly purify them with high yields. Studies in the guinea pig model confirm efficacy of the vaccine candidate, demonstrate that single-cycle replication is necessary for complete protection by the VRP vaccine, and show that postexposure vaccination can confer protection from lethal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Amman BR, Schuh AJ, Sealy TK, Spengler JR, Welch SR, Kirejczyk SGM, Albariño CG, Nichol ST, Towner JS. Experimental infection of Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Sosuga virus demonstrates potential transmission routes for a bat-borne human pathogenic paramyxovirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008092. [PMID: 32119657 PMCID: PMC7067492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In August 2012, a wildlife biologist became severely ill after becoming infected with a novel paramyxovirus, termed Sosuga virus. In the weeks prior to illness, the patient worked with multiple species of bats in South Sudan and Uganda, including Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs: Rousettus aegyptiacus). A follow-up study of Ugandan bats found multiple wild-caught ERBs to test positive for SOSV in liver and spleen. To determine the competency of these bats to act as a natural reservoir host for SOSV capable of infecting humans, captive-bred ERBs were inoculated with a recombinant SOSV, representative of the patient's virus sequence. The bats were inoculated subcutaneously, sampled daily (blood, urine, fecal, oral and rectal swabs) and serially euthanized at predetermined time points. All inoculated bats became infected with SOSV in multiple tissues and blood, urine, oral, rectal and fecal swabs tested positive for SOSV RNA. No evidence of overt morbidity or mortality were observed in infected ERBs, although histopathological examination showed subclinical disease in a subset of tissues. Importantly, SOSV was isolated from oral/rectal swabs, urine and feces, demonstrating shedding of infectious virus concomitant with systemic infection. All bats euthanized at 21 days post-inoculation (DPI) seroconverted to SOSV between 16 and 21 DPI. These results are consistent with ERBs being competent reservoir hosts for SOSV with spillover potential to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Amman
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Amy J. Schuh
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tara K. Sealy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shannon G. M. Kirejczyk
- Emory University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Yadav PD, Mauldin MR, Nyayanit DA, Albariño CG, Sarkale P, Shete A, Guerrero LW, Nakazawa Y, Nichol ST, Mourya DT. Isolation and phylogenomic analysis of buffalopox virus from human and buffaloes in India. Virus Res 2019; 277:197836. [PMID: 31821842 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Three genome sequences of Buffalopox virus (BPVX) were retrieved from a human and two buffaloes scab samples. Phylogenomic analysis of the BPXV indicates that it shares a most recent common ancestor with Lister and closely related vaccine strains when compared to potential wild-type VACV strains (like Horsepox virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Maximum Containment Facility, Microbial Containment Complex, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - Matthew R Mauldin
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens, National Centre for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dimpal A Nyayanit
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Maximum Containment Facility, Microbial Containment Complex, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - César G Albariño
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens, National Centre for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Prasad Sarkale
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Maximum Containment Facility, Microbial Containment Complex, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - Anita Shete
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Maximum Containment Facility, Microbial Containment Complex, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India
| | - Lisa W Guerrero
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens, National Centre for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nakazawa
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens, National Centre for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens, National Centre for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Devendra T Mourya
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Maximum Containment Facility, Microbial Containment Complex, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411021, India.
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Wiley MR, Fakoli L, Letizia AG, Welch SR, Ladner JT, Prieto K, Reyes D, Espy N, Chitty JA, Pratt CB, Di Paola N, Taweh F, Williams D, Saindon J, Davis WG, Patel K, Holland M, Negrón D, Ströher U, Nichol ST, Sozhamannan S, Rollin PE, Dogba J, Nyenswah T, Bolay F, Albariño CG, Fallah M, Palacios G. Lassa virus circulating in Liberia: a retrospective genomic characterisation. Lancet Infect Dis 2019; 19:1371-1378. [PMID: 31588039 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An alarming rise in reported Lassa fever cases continues in west Africa. Liberia has the largest reported per capita incidence of Lassa fever cases in the region, but genomic information on the circulating strains is scarce. The aim of this study was to substantially increase the available pool of data to help foster the generation of targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. METHODS Clinical serum samples collected from 17 positive Lassa fever cases originating from Liberia (16 cases) and Guinea (one case) within the past decade were processed at the Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research using a targeted-enrichment sequencing approach, producing 17 near-complete genomes. An additional 17 Lassa virus sequences (two from Guinea, seven from Liberia, four from Nigeria, and four from Sierra Leone) were generated from viral stocks at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA) from samples originating from the Mano River Union (Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) region and Nigeria. Sequences were compared with existing Lassa virus genomes and published Lassa virus assays. FINDINGS The 23 new Liberian Lassa virus genomes grouped within two clades (IV.A and IV.B) and were genetically divergent from those circulating elsewhere in west Africa. A time-calibrated phylogeographic analysis incorporating the new genomes suggests Liberia was the entry point of Lassa virus into the Mano River Union region and estimates the introduction to have occurred between 300-350 years ago. A high level of diversity exists between the Liberian Lassa virus genomes. Nucleotide percent difference between Liberian Lassa virus genomes ranged up to 27% in the L segment and 18% in the S segment. The commonly used Lassa Josiah-MGB assay was up to 25% divergent across the target sites when aligned to the Liberian Lassa virus genomes. INTERPRETATION The large amount of novel genomic diversity of Lassa virus observed in the Liberian cases emphasises the need to match deployed diagnostic capabilities with locally circulating strains and underscores the importance of evaluating cross-lineage protection in the development of vaccines and therapeutics. FUNDING Defense Biological Product Assurance Office of the US Department of Defense and the Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch and its Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response Section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wiley
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Fakoli
- National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Andrew G Letizia
- Naval Medical Research Unit Three Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana
| | - Stephen R Welch
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason T Ladner
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA; Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Karla Prieto
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Reyes
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Espy
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joseph A Chitty
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Catherine B Pratt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Fahn Taweh
- National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Desmond Williams
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Jon Saindon
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William G Davis
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Ute Ströher
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shanmuga Sozhamannan
- Defense Biological Product Assurance Office, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (CBRND)-Joint Project Lead, CBRND Enabling Biotechnologies, Frederick, MD, USA; Logistics Management Institute, Tysons, VA, USA
| | - Pierre E Rollin
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John Dogba
- National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Fatorma Bolay
- National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - Mosoka Fallah
- National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA.
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10
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Kainulainen MH, Spengler JR, Welch SR, Coleman-McCray JD, Harmon JR, Klena JD, Nichol ST, Albariño CG, Spiropoulou CF. Use of a Scalable Replicon-Particle Vaccine to Protect Against Lethal Lassa Virus Infection in the Guinea Pig Model. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1957-1966. [PMID: 29800368 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever is a viral zoonosis that can be transmitted from person to person, especially in the hospital setting. The disease is endemic to several countries in West Africa and can be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in affected areas. There are no approved vaccines to prevent Lassa virus infection. In this work, we present a vaccine candidate that combines the scalability and efficacy benefits of a live vaccine with the safety benefits of single-cycle replication. The system consists of Lassa virus replicon particles devoid of the virus essential glycoprotein gene, and a cell line that expresses the glycoprotein products, enabling efficient vaccine propagation. Guinea pigs vaccinated with these particles showed no clinical reaction to the inoculum and were protected against fever, weight loss, and lethality after infection with Lassa virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica R Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John D Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Kulkarni PA, Chew D, Youssef-Bessler M, Hamdi HA, Montoya LA, Cervantes KB, Mazur NL, Lucas D, Wells JW, Cennimo D, Sutherland A, Di Domenico LM, Miller LP, Pierre-Louis F, Rokosz G, Nazir A, de Perio MA, Lowe L, Manning C, Mead KR, Christensen BE, Albariño CG, Ströher U, Glover M, Lifshitz EI, Tan CG, Rollin PE, Semple S. Case Report: Imported Case of Lassa Fever - New Jersey, May 2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 99:1062-1065. [PMID: 30062993 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a fatal case of Lassa fever diagnosed in the United States in a Liberian traveler. We describe infection control protocols and public health response. One contact at high risk became symptomatic, but her samples tested negative for Lassa virus; no secondary cases occurred among health care, family, and community contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathit A Kulkarni
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Debra Chew
- University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Hanaa A Hamdi
- Newark Department of Health and Community Wellness, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Lindsay A Montoya
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Kimberly B Cervantes
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Nicole L Mazur
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Diana Lucas
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Julia W Wells
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - David Cennimo
- University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Anne Sutherland
- University Hospital, Newark, New Jersey.,Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Atif Nazir
- Newark Department of Health and Community Wellness, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Luis Lowe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig Manning
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth R Mead
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Ute Ströher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maleeka Glover
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Edward I Lifshitz
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Christina G Tan
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
| | - Pierre E Rollin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shereen Semple
- Communicable Disease Service, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey
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12
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Davis CW, Jackson KJL, McElroy AK, Halfmann P, Huang J, Chennareddy C, Piper AE, Leung Y, Albariño CG, Crozier I, Ellebedy AH, Sidney J, Sette A, Yu T, Nielsen SCA, Goff AJ, Spiropoulou CF, Saphire EO, Cavet G, Kawaoka Y, Mehta AK, Glass PJ, Boyd SD, Ahmed R. Longitudinal Analysis of the Human B Cell Response to Ebola Virus Infection. Cell 2019; 177:1566-1582.e17. [PMID: 31104840 PMCID: PMC6908968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) remains a public health threat. We performed a longitudinal study of B cell responses to EBOV in four survivors of the 2014 West African outbreak. Infection induced lasting EBOV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, but their subclass composition changed over time, with IgG1 persisting, IgG3 rapidly declining, and IgG4 appearing late. Striking changes occurred in the immunoglobulin repertoire, with massive recruitment of naive B cells that subsequently underwent hypermutation. We characterized a large panel of EBOV glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Only a small subset of mAbs that bound glycoprotein by ELISA recognized cell-surface glycoprotein. However, this subset contained all neutralizing mAbs. Several mAbs protected against EBOV disease in animals, including one mAb that targeted an epitope under evolutionary selection during the 2014 outbreak. Convergent antibody evolution was seen across multiple donors, particularly among VH3-13 neutralizing antibodies specific for the GP1 core. Our study provides a benchmark for assessing EBOV vaccine-induced immunity. Ebola virus infection causes massive recruitment of naive B cells Virus-specific antibodies continue to class-switch and mutate for months after acute infection Protective antibodies can be neutralizing or non-neutralizing and can appear early Convergent, protective antibody rearrangements are seen in multiple donors
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine J L Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica Huang
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chakravarthy Chennareddy
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashley E Piper
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | | | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institutes, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Arthur J Goff
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica Ollman Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aneesh K Mehta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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13
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Abstract
A virus isolated from a sick horse from India in 2008 was confirmed by next-generation sequencing analysis to be equine encephalosis virus (EEV). EEV in India is concerning because several species of Culicoides midge, which play a major role in EEV natural maintenance and transmission, are present in this country.
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14
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Albariño CG, Wiggleton Guerrero L, Chakrabarti AK, Nichol ST. Transcriptional analysis of viral mRNAs reveals common transcription patterns in cells infected by five different filoviruses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201827. [PMID: 30071116 PMCID: PMC6072132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses are notorious viral pathogens responsible for high-consequence diseases in humans and non-human primates. Transcription of filovirus mRNA shares several common features with transcription in other non-segmented negative-strand viruses, including differential expression of genes located across the viral genome. Transcriptional patterns of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) have been previously described using traditional, laborious methods, such as northern blots and in vivo labeling of viral mRNAs. More recently, however, the availability of the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology has offered a more straightforward approach to assess transcriptional patterns. In this report, we analyzed the transcription patterns of four ebolaviruses—EBOV, Sudan (SUDV), Bundibugyo (BDBV), and Reston (RESTV) viruses—in two different cell lines using standard NGS library preparation and sequencing protocols. In agreement with previous reports mainly focused on EBOV and MARV, the remaining filoviruses used in this study also showed a consistent transcription pattern, with only minor variations between the different viruses. We have also analyzed the proportions of the three mRNAs transcribed from the GP gene, which are characteristic of the genus Ebolavirus and encode the glycoprotein (GP), the soluble GP (sGP), and the small soluble GP (ssGP). In addition, we used NGS methodology to analyze the transcription pattern of two previously described recombinant MARV. This analysis allowed us to correct our construction design, and to make an improved version of the original MARV expressing reporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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15
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Welch SR, Scholte FEM, Albariño CG, Kainulainen MH, Coleman-McCray JD, Guerrero LW, Chakrabarti AK, Klena JD, Nichol ST, Spengler JR, Spiropoulou CF. The S Genome Segment Is Sufficient to Maintain Pathogenicity in Intra-Clade Lassa Virus Reassortants in a Guinea Pig Model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:240. [PMID: 30050872 PMCID: PMC6050391 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome reassortment in Lassa virus (LASV) has been reported in nature, but phenotypic consequences of this phenomenon are not well described. Here we characterize, both in vitro and in vivo, reassortment between 2 LASV strains: the prototypic 1976 Josiah strain and a more recently isolated 2015 Liberian strain. In vitro analysis showed that although cis- and trans-acting elements of viral RNA synthesis were compatible between strains, reassortants demonstrated different levels of viral replication. These differences were also apparent in vivo, as reassortants varied in pathogenicity in the guinea pig model of LASV infection. The reassortant variant containing the Josiah S segment retained the virulence of the parental Josiah strain, but the reassortant variant containing the S segment of the Liberian isolate was highly attenuated compared to both parental strains. Contrary to observations in reassortants between LASV and other arenavirus species, which suggest that L segment-encoded factors are responsible for virulence, these studies highlight a role for S segment-encoded virulence factors in disease, and also suggest that inefficient interactions between proteins of heterologous strains may limit the prevalence of reassortant LASV variants in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Florine E M Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Markus H Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - JoAnn D Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John D Klena
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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16
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Smith DR, Johnston SC, Piper A, Botto M, Donnelly G, Shamblin J, Albariño CG, Hensley LE, Schmaljohn C, Nichol ST, Bird BH. Attenuation and efficacy of live-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine candidates in non-human primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006474. [PMID: 29742102 PMCID: PMC5962102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne veterinary and human pathogen that has caused large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Currently, no licensed vaccine or therapeutics exists to treat this potentially deadly disease. The explosive nature of RVFV outbreaks and the severe consequences of its accidental or intentional introduction into RVFV-free areas provide the impetus for the development of novel vaccine candidates for use in both livestock and humans. Rationally designed vaccine candidates using reverse genetics have been used to develop deletion mutants of two known RVFV virulence factors, the NSs and NSm genes. These recombinant viruses were demonstrated to be protective and immunogenic in rats, mice, and sheep, without producing clinical illness in these animals. Here, we expand upon those findings and evaluate the single deletion mutant (ΔNSs rRVFV) and double deletion mutant (ΔNSs-ΔNSm rRVFV) vaccine candidates in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a non-human primate (NHP) model resembling severe human RVF disease. We demonstrate that both the ΔNSs and ΔNSs-ΔNSm rRVFV vaccine candidates were found to be safe and immunogenic in the current study. The vaccinated animals received a single dose of vaccine that led to the development of a robust antibody response. No vaccine-induced adverse reactions, signs of clinical illness or infectious virus were detected in the vaccinated marmosets. All vaccinated animals that were subsequently challenged with RVFV were protected against viremia and liver disease. In summary, our results provide the basis for further development of the ΔNSs and ΔNSs-ΔNSm rRVFV as safe and effective human RVFV vaccines for this significant public health threat. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important neglected tropical disease that has caused severe epidemics and epizootics throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Severe outbreaks have involved tens of thousands of both human and livestock cases for which no effective, commercially available human vaccines are available. Vaccine candidates have been developed based on the complete deletion of two known RVF virus virulence factors, the NSs and NSm genes. These vaccines were previously demonstrated to be protective in rats, mice, and sheep. In this study, we expand upon those results and evaluate the vaccine candidates in a non-human primate model for RVF. The animals received a single dose of vaccine that led to the development of a robust immune response. No vaccine-induced adverse reactions, signs of clinical illness or infectious virus were detected in the vaccinated animals. All vaccinated animals that were subsequently challenged with RVF virus were protected against viremia and liver disease. These results demonstrate that the vaccines are safe and effective in non-human primates, which provides the impetus for further development of these candidates for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci R. Smith
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sara C. Johnston
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Ashley Piper
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Miriam Botto
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Ginger Donnelly
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Joshua Shamblin
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lisa E. Hensley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Bird
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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17
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Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Flint M, Bergeron É, McElroy AK, Chatterjee P, Albariño CG, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Statins Suppress Ebola Virus Infectivity by Interfering with Glycoprotein Processing. mBio 2018; 9:e00660-18. [PMID: 29717011 PMCID: PMC5930306 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00660-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is a major public health concern due to high fatality rates and limited effective treatments. Statins, widely used cholesterol-lowering drugs, have pleiotropic mechanisms of action and were suggested as potential adjunct therapy for Ebola virus disease (EVD) during the 2013-2016 outbreak in West Africa. Here, we evaluated the antiviral effects of statin (lovastatin) on EBOV infection in vitro Statin treatment decreased infectious EBOV production in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and in the hepatic cell line Huh7. Statin treatment did not interfere with viral entry, but the viral particles released from treated cells showed reduced infectivity due to inhibition of viral glycoprotein processing, as evidenced by decreased ratios of the mature glycoprotein form to precursor form. Statin-induced inhibition of infectious virus production and glycoprotein processing was reversed by exogenous mevalonate, the rate-limiting product of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, but not by low-density lipoprotein. Finally, statin-treated cells produced EBOV particles devoid of the surface glycoproteins required for virus infectivity. Our findings demonstrate that statin treatment inhibits EBOV infection and suggest that the efficacy of statin treatment should be evaluated in appropriate animal models of EVD.IMPORTANCE Treatments targeting Ebola virus disease (EVD) are experimental, expensive, and scarce. Statins are inexpensive generic drugs that have been used for many years for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and have a favorable safety profile. Here, we show the antiviral effects of statins on infectious Ebola virus (EBOV) production. Our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism in which statin regulates EBOV particle infectivity by preventing glycoprotein processing and incorporation into virus particles. Additionally, statins have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Since inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system are characteristic features of EVD, statins could be explored as part of EVD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anita K McElroy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Welch SR, Chakrabarti AK, Wiggleton Guerrero L, Jenks HM, Lo MK, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Development of a reverse genetics system for Sosuga virus allows rapid screening of antiviral compounds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018. [PMID: 29522528 PMCID: PMC5862516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sosuga virus (SOSV) is a recently discovered zoonotic paramyxovirus isolated from a single human case in 2012; it has been ecologically and epidemiologically associated with transmission by the Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). Bats have long been recognized as sources of novel zoonotic pathogens, including highly lethal paramyxoviruses like Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). The ability of SOSV to cause severe human disease supports the need for studies on SOSV pathogenesis to better understand the potential impact of this virus and to identify effective treatments. Here we describe a reverse genetics system for SOSV comprising a minigenome-based assay and a replication-competent infectious recombinant reporter SOSV that expresses the fluorescent protein ZsGreen1 in infected cells. First, we used the minigenome assay to rapidly screen for compounds inhibiting SOSV replication at biosafety level 2 (BSL-2). The antiviral activity of candidate compounds was then tested against authentic viral replication using the reporter SOSV at BSL-3. We identified several compounds with anti-SOSV activity, several of which also inhibit NiV and HeV. Alongside its utility in screening for potential SOSV therapeutics, the reverse genetics system described here is a powerful tool for analyzing mechanisms of SOSV pathogenesis, which will facilitate our understanding of how to combat the potential public health threats posed by emerging bat-borne paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Harley M. Jenks
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kainulainen MH, Nichol ST, Albariño CG, Spiropoulou CF. Rapid Determination of Ebolavirus Infectivity in Clinical Samples Using a Novel Reporter Cell Line. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1380-1385. [PMID: 29029133 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern ebolavirus diagnostics rely primarily on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), a sensitive method to detect viral genetic material in the acute phase of the disease. However, qRT-PCR does not confirm presence of infectious virus, presenting limitations in patient and outbreak management. Attempts to isolate infectious virus rely on in vivo or basic cell culture approaches, which prohibit rapid results and screening. In this study, we present a novel reporter cell line capable of detecting live ebolaviruses. These cells permit sensitive, large-scale screening and titration of infectious virus in experimental and clinical samples, independent of ebolavirus species and variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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20
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Zivcec M, Guerrero LIW, Albariño CG, Bergeron É, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:112-120. [PMID: 28842265 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the serious public health impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), the efficacy of antivirals targeting the causative agent, CCHF virus (CCHFV), remains debatable. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting the CCHFV glycoprotein Gc have been reported to protect mice against challenge with the prototype CCHFV strain, IbAr10200. However, due to extensive sequence diversity of CCHFV glycoproteins, it is unknown whether these MAbs neutralize other CCHFV strains. We initially used a CCHF virus-like particle (VLP) system to generate 11 VLP moieties, each possessing a glycoprotein from a genetically diverse CCHFV strain isolated in either Africa, Asia, the Middle East, or southeastern Europe. We used these VLPs in biosafety level 2 conditions to efficiently screen MAb cross-neutralization potency. Of the 16 MAbs tested, 3 (8A1, 11E7, and 30F7) demonstrated cross-neutralization activity with most CCHF VLPs, with 8A1 neutralizing all VLPs tested. Although binding studies suggest that none of the MAbs compete for the same epitope, combining 11E7, 30F7, or both 11E7 and 30F7 with 8A1 had no additive effect on increasing neutralization in this system. To confirm our findings from the VLP system, the 3 MAbs capable of strain cross-neutralization were confirmed to effectively neutralize 5 diverse CCHFV strains in vitro. Passaging CCHFV strains in the presence of sub-neutralizing concentrations of MAbs did not generate escape mutants resistant to subsequent neutralization. This study demonstrates the utility of the VLP system for screening neutralizing MAbs against multiple CCHFV strains, and provides the first evidence that a single MAb can effectively neutralize a number of diverse CCHFV strains in vitro, which may lead to development of future CCHF therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa I W Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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21
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Albariño CG, Wiggleton Guerrero L, Jenks HM, Chakrabarti AK, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Nichol ST. Insights into Reston virus spillovers and adaption from virus whole genome sequences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178224. [PMID: 28542463 PMCID: PMC5444788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reston virus (family Filoviridae) is unique among the viruses of the Ebolavirus genus in that it is considered non-pathogenic in humans, in contrast to the other members which are highly virulent. The virus has however, been associated with several outbreaks of highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in non-human primates (NHPs), specifically cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) originating in the Philippines. In addition, Reston virus has been isolated from domestic pigs in the Philippines. To better understand virus spillover events and potential adaption to new hosts, the whole genome sequences of representative Reston virus isolates were obtained using a next generation sequencing (NGS) approach and comparative genomic analysis and virus fitness analyses were performed. Nine virus genome sequences were completed for novel and previously described isolates obtained from a variety of hosts including a human case, non-human primates and pigs. Results of phylogenetic analysis of the sequence differences are consistent with multiple independent introductions of RESTV from a still unknown natural reservoir into non-human primates and swine farming operations. No consistent virus genetic markers were found specific for viruses associated with primate or pig infections, but similar to what had been seen with some Ebola viruses detected in the large Western Africa outbreak in 2014–2016, a truncated version of VP30 was identified in a subgroup of Reston viruses obtained from an outbreak in pigs 2008–2009. Finally, the genetic comparison of two closely related viruses, one isolated from a human case and one from an NHP, showed amino acid differences in the viral polymerase and detectable differences were found in competitive growth assays on human and NHP cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G. Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Harley M. Jenks
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Ksiazek
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Pierre E. Rollin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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22
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Guito JC, Albariño CG, Chakrabarti AK, Towner JS. Novel activities by ebolavirus and marburgvirus interferon antagonists revealed using a standardized in vitro reporter system. Virology 2016; 501:147-165. [PMID: 27930961 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Filoviruses are highly lethal in humans and nonhuman primates, likely due to potent antagonism of host interferon (IFN) responses early in infection. Filoviral protein VP35 is implicated as the major IFN induction antagonist, while Ebola virus (EBOV) VP24 or Marburg virus (MARV) VP40 are known to block downstream IFN signaling. Despite progress elucidating EBOV and MARV antagonist function, those for most other filoviruses, including Reston (RESTV), Sudan (SUDV), Taï Forest (TAFV), Bundibugyo (BDBV) and Ravn (RAVV) viruses, remain largely neglected. Thus, using standardized vectors and reporter assays, we characterized activities by each IFN antagonist from all known ebolavirus and marburgvirus species side-by-side. We uncover noncanonical suppression of IFN induction by ebolavirus VP24, differing potencies by MARV and RAVV proteins, and intriguingly, weaker antagonism by VP24 of RESTV. These underlying molecular explanations for differential virulence in humans could guide future investigations of more-neglected filoviruses as well as treatment and vaccine studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Guito
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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23
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Welch SR, Guerrero LW, Chakrabarti AK, McMullan LK, Flint M, Bluemling GR, Painter GR, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG. Lassa and Ebola virus inhibitors identified using minigenome and recombinant virus reporter systems. Antiviral Res 2016; 136:9-18. [PMID: 27771389 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) infections are important global health issues resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. While several promising drug and vaccine trials for EBOV are ongoing, options for LASV infection are currently limited to ribavirin treatment. A major factor impeding the development of antiviral compounds to treat these infections is the need to manipulate the virus under BSL-4 containment, limiting research to a few institutes worldwide. Here we describe the development of a novel LASV minigenome assay based on the ambisense LASV S segment genome, with authentic terminal untranslated regions flanking a ZsGreen (ZsG) fluorescent reporter protein and a Gaussia princeps luciferase (gLuc) reporter gene. This assay, along with a similar previously established EBOV minigenome, was optimized for high-throughput screening (HTS) of potential antiviral compounds under BSL-2 containment. In addition, we rescued a recombinant LASV expressing ZsG, which, in conjunction with a recombinant EBOV reporter virus, was used to confirm any potential antiviral hits in vitro. Combining an initial screen to identify potential antiviral compounds at BSL-2 containment before progressing to HTS with infectious virus will reduce the amount of expensive and technically challenging BSL-4 containment research. Using these assays, we identified 6-azauridine as having anti-LASV activity, and demonstrated its anti-EBOV activity in human cells. We further identified 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine as having potent anti-LASV activity, with an EC50 value 10 times lower than that of ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | | | - George R Painter
- Emory Institute for Drug Development, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MG G-14, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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24
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Albariño CG, Guerrero LW, Chakrabarti AK, Kainulainen MH, Whitmer SLM, Welch SR, Nichol ST. Virus fitness differences observed between two naturally occurring isolates of Ebola virus Makona variant using a reverse genetics approach. Virology 2016; 496:237-243. [PMID: 27366976 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the large outbreak of Ebola virus disease that occurred in Western Africa from late 2013 to early 2016, several hundred Ebola virus (EBOV) genomes have been sequenced and the virus genetic drift analyzed. In a previous report, we described an efficient reverse genetics system designed to generate recombinant EBOV based on a Makona variant isolate obtained in 2014. Using this system, we characterized the replication and fitness of 2 isolates of the Makona variant. These virus isolates are nearly identical at the genetic level, but have single amino acid differences in the VP30 and L proteins. The potential effects of these differences were tested using minigenomes and recombinant viruses. The results obtained with this approach are consistent with the role of VP30 and L as components of the EBOV RNA replication machinery. Moreover, the 2 isolates exhibited clear fitness differences in competitive growth assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | | - Ayan K Chakrabarti
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Shannon L M Whitmer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen R Welch
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Crowe SJ, Maenner MJ, Kuah S, Erickson BR, Coffee M, Knust B, Klena J, Foday J, Hertz D, Hermans V, Achar J, Caleo GM, Van Herp M, Albariño CG, Amman B, Basile AJ, Bearden S, Belser JA, Bergeron E, Blau D, Brault AC, Campbell S, Flint M, Gibbons A, Goodman C, McMullan L, Paddock C, Russell B, Salzer JS, Sanchez A, Sealy T, Wang D, Saffa G, Turay A, Nichol ST, Towner JS. Prognostic Indicators for Ebola Patient Survival. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:217-23. [PMID: 26812579 PMCID: PMC4734506 DOI: 10.3201/eid2202.151250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether 2 readily available indicators predicted survival among patients with Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone, we evaluated information for 216 of the 227 patients in Bo District during a 4-month period. The indicators were time from symptom onset to healthcare facility admission and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold (Ct), a surrogate for viral load, in first Ebola virus-positive blood sample tested. Of these patients, 151 were alive when detected and had reported healthcare facility admission dates and Ct values available. Time from symptom onset to healthcare facility admission was not associated with survival, but viral load in the first Ebola virus-positive blood sample was inversely associated with survival: 52 (87%) of 60 patients with a Ct of >24 survived and 20 (22%) of 91 with a Ct of <24 survived. Ct values may be useful for clinicians making treatment decisions or managing patient or family expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Solomon Kuah
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Bobbie Rae Erickson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Megan Coffee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Barbara Knust
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - John Klena
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Joyce Foday
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Darren Hertz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Veerle Hermans
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Jay Achar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Grazia M. Caleo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Michel Van Herp
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - César G. Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Brian Amman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Alison Jane Basile
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Scott Bearden
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Jessica A. Belser
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Eric Bergeron
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Dianna Blau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Aaron C. Brault
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Shelley Campbell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Mike Flint
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Aridth Gibbons
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Christin Goodman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Laura McMullan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Christopher Paddock
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Brandy Russell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Johanna S. Salzer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Angela Sanchez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Tara Sealy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - David Wang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Gbessay Saffa
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Alhajie Turay
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S.J. Crowe, M.J. Maenner, B.R. Erickson, B. Knust, J. Klena, C.G. Albariño, B. Amman, J.A. Belser, E. Bergeron, D. Blau, S. Campbell, M. Flint, A. Gibbons, L. McMullan, C. Paddock, J.S. Salzer, A. Sanchez, T. Sealy, D. Wang, S.T. Nichol, J.S. Towner)
- International Rescue Committee, New York, New York, USA (S. Kuah, M. Coffee, D. Hertz)
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Bo Town, Sierra Leone (J. Foday, G. Saffa, A. Turay)
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium (V. Hermans, M. Van Herp); Médecins Sans Frontières, London, UK (J. Achar, G.M. Caleo)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (A.J. Basile, S. Bearden, A.C. Brault, C. Goodman, B. Russell)
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Zivcec M, Metcalfe MG, Albariño CG, Guerrero LW, Pegan SD, Spiropoulou CF, Bergeron É. Assessment of Inhibitors of Pathogenic Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Strains Using Virus-Like Particles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004259. [PMID: 26625182 PMCID: PMC4666410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often lethal, acute inflammatory illness that affects a large geographic area. The disease is caused by infection with CCHF virus (CCHFV), a nairovirus from the Bunyaviridae family. Basic research on CCHFV has been severely hampered by biosafety requirements and lack of available strains and molecular tools. We report the development of a CCHF transcription- and entry-competent virus-like particle (tecVLP) system that can be used to study cell entry and viral transcription/replication over a broad dynamic range (~4 orders of magnitude). The tecVLPs are morphologically similar to authentic CCHFV. Incubation of immortalized and primary human cells with tecVLPs results in a strong reporter signal that is sensitive to treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and by small molecule inhibitors of CCHFV. We used glycoproteins and minigenomes from divergent CCHFV strains to generate tecVLPs, and in doing so, we identified a monoclonal antibody that can prevent cell entry of tecVLPs containing glycoproteins from 3 pathogenic CCHFV strains. In addition, our data suggest that different glycoprotein moieties confer different cellular entry efficiencies, and that glycoproteins from the commonly used strain IbAr10200 have up to 100-fold lower ability to enter primary human cells compared to glycoproteins from pathogenic CCHFV strains.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Genes, Reporter
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/isolation & purification
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/physiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/physiology
- Virion/ultrastructure
- Virus Internalization/drug effects
- Virus Replication/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maureen G. Metcalfe
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa W. Guerrero
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott D. Pegan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Liddell AM, Davey RT, Mehta AK, Varkey JB, Kraft CS, Tseggay GK, Badidi O, Faust AC, Brown KV, Suffredini AF, Barrett K, Wolcott MJ, Marconi VC, Lyon GM, Weinstein GL, Weinmeister K, Sutton S, Hazbun M, Albariño CG, Reed Z, Cannon D, Ströher U, Feldman M, Ribner BS, Lane HC, Fauci AS, Uyeki TM. Characteristics and Clinical Management of a Cluster of 3 Patients With Ebola Virus Disease, Including the First Domestically Acquired Cases in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2015; 163:81-90. [PMID: 25961438 PMCID: PMC4724427 DOI: 10.7326/m15-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 26,000 cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in western Africa, with high mortality. Several patients have been medically evacuated to hospitals in the United States and Europe. Detailed clinical data are limited on the clinical course and management of patients with EVD outside western Africa. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical characteristics and management of a cluster of patients with EVD, including the first cases of Ebola virus (EBOV) infection acquired in the United States. DESIGN Retrospective clinical case series. SETTING Three U.S. hospitals in September and October 2014. PATIENTS First imported EVD case identified in the United States and 2 secondary EVD cases acquired in the United States in critical care nurses who cared for the index case patient. MEASUREMENTS Clinical recovery, EBOV RNA level, resolution of Ebola viremia, survival with discharge from hospital, or death. RESULTS The index patient had high EBOV RNA levels, developed respiratory and renal failure requiring critical care support, and died. Both patients with secondary EBOV infection had nonspecific signs and symptoms and developed moderate illness; EBOV RNA levels were moderate, and both patients recovered. LIMITATION Both surviving patients received uncontrolled treatment with multiple investigational agents, including convalescent plasma, which limits generalizability of the results. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis, prompt initiation of supportive medical care, and moderate clinical illness likely contributed to successful outcomes in both survivors. The inability to determine the potential benefit of investigational therapies and the effect of patient-specific factors that may have contributed to less severe illness highlight the need for controlled clinical studies of these interventions, especially in the setting of a high level of supportive medical care. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Liddell
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Richard T. Davey
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Aneesh K. Mehta
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jay B. Varkey
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Colleen S. Kraft
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gebre K. Tseggay
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Oghenetega Badidi
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrew C. Faust
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Katia V. Brown
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anthony F. Suffredini
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kevin Barrett
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mark J. Wolcott
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - G. Marshall Lyon
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Gary L. Weinstein
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Kenney Weinmeister
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Shelby Sutton
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Munir Hazbun
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - César G. Albariño
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Zachary Reed
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Debi Cannon
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ute Ströher
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mark Feldman
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bruce S. Ribner
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - H. Clifford Lane
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Anthony S. Fauci
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Timothy M. Uyeki
- From Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas; National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; Emory University School of Medicine and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; and U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
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28
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Mohr EL, McMullan LK, Lo MK, Spengler JR, Bergeron É, Albariño CG, Shrivastava-Ranjan P, Chiang CF, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Flint M. Inhibitors of cellular kinases with broad-spectrum antiviral activity for hemorrhagic fever viruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:40-7. [PMID: 25986249 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Host cell kinases are important for the replication of a number of hemorrhagic fever viruses. We tested a panel of kinase inhibitors for their ability to block the replication of multiple hemorrhagic fever viruses. OSU-03012 inhibited the replication of Lassa, Ebola, Marburg and Nipah viruses, whereas BIBX 1382 dihydrochloride inhibited Lassa, Ebola and Marburg viruses. BIBX 1382 blocked both Lassa and Ebola virus glycoprotein-dependent cell entry. These compounds may be used as tools to understand conserved virus-host interactions, and implicate host cell kinases that may be targets for broad spectrum therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Mohr
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Emory-Children's Center, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Cheng-Feng Chiang
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
| | - Mike Flint
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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29
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Bergeron É, Zivcec M, Chakrabarti AK, Nichol ST, Albariño CG, Spiropoulou CF. Recovery of Recombinant Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Reveals a Function for Non-structural Glycoproteins Cleavage by Furin. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004879. [PMID: 25933376 PMCID: PMC4416775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a negative-strand RNA virus of the family Bunyaviridae (genus: Nairovirus). In humans, CCHFV causes fever, hemorrhage, severe thrombocytopenia, and high fatality. A major impediment in precisely determining the basis of CCHFV’s high pathogenicity has been the lack of methodology to produce recombinant CCHFV. We developed a reverse genetics system based on transfecting plasmids into BSR-T7/5 and Huh7 cells. In our system, bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase produced complementary RNA copies of the viral S, M, and L segments that were encapsidated with the support, in trans, of CCHFV nucleoprotein and L polymerase. The system was optimized to systematically recover high yields of infectious CCHFV. Additionally, we tested the ability of the system to produce specifically designed CCHFV mutants. The M segment encodes a polyprotein that is processed by host proprotein convertases (PCs), including the site-1 protease (S1P) and furin-like PCs. S1P and furin cleavages are necessary for producing the non-structural glycoprotein GP38, while S1P cleavage yields structural Gn. We studied the role of furin cleavage by rescuing a recombinant CCHFV encoding a virus glycoprotein precursor lacking a functional furin cleavage motif (RSKR mutated to ASKA). The ASKA mutation blocked glycoprotein precursor’s maturation to GP38, and Gn precursor’s maturation to Gn was slightly diminished. Furin cleavage was not essential for replication, as blocking furin cleavage resulted only in transient reduction of CCHFV titers, suggesting that either GP38 and/or decreased Gn maturation accounted for the reduced virion production. Our data demonstrate that nairoviruses can be produced by reverse genetics, and the utility of our system uncovered a function for furin cleavage. This viral rescue system could be further used to study the CCHFV replication cycle and facilitate the development of efficacious vaccines to counter this biological and public health threat. Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe viral disease characterized by rapid-onset fever, hemorrhage, and high case fatality rates. CCHF virus (CCHFV), the causative agent of CCHF, is a negative-strand RNA virus of the family Bunyaviridae (genus Nairovirus). No specific treatments or efficacious vaccines exist to combat CCHF. To investigate molecular determinants of nairovirus pathogenesis and biology, we developed a reverse genetics system capable of generating CCHFV variants with genome sequences defined by the plasmids transfected into cells for virus recovery. Our system is the first to demonstrate that a nairovirus can be efficiently recovered from the simple transfection of plasmid DNA, paving the way for specifically editing genomes of CCHFV and other nairoviruses. Using this system, we engineered mutations blocking the cleavage of CCHFV’s non-structural glycoproteins at a motif recognized by the host protease furin. Using this furin-resistant CCHFV variant, we demonstrate that direct cleavage of the viral glycoprotein by furin results in a lag in virion production, revealing a function of these glycoproteins in efficient CCHFV replication. Our experiments highlight the utility of a reverse genetics system for developing viral variants for investigating CCHFV protein function and for rationally designing vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marko Zivcec
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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30
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Núñez JJ, Fritz CL, Knust B, Buttke D, Enge B, Novak MG, Kramer V, Osadebe L, Messenger S, Albariño CG, Ströher U, Niemela M, Amman BR, Wong D, Manning CR, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Xia D, Watt JP, Vugia DJ. Hantavirus infections among overnight visitors to Yosemite National Park, California, USA, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:386-93. [PMID: 24565589 PMCID: PMC3944872 DOI: 10.3201/eid2003.131581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TOC summary: A rare hantavirus outbreak reaffirms the need for control of deer mice and public awareness of the risks posed by contact with them. In summer 2012, an outbreak of hantavirus infections occurred among overnight visitors to Yosemite National Park in California, USA. An investigation encompassing clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory, and environmental factors identified 10 cases among residents of 3 states. Eight case-patients experienced hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, of whom 5 required intensive care with ventilatory support and 3 died. Staying overnight in a signature tent cabin (9 case-patients) was significantly associated with becoming infected with hantavirus (p<0.001). Rodent nests and tunnels were observed in the foam insulation of the cabin walls. Rodent trapping in the implicated area resulted in high trap success rate (51%), and antibodies reactive to Sin Nombre virus were detected in 10 (14%) of 73 captured deer mice. All signature tent cabins were closed and subsequently dismantled. Continuous public awareness and rodent control and exclusion are key measures in minimizing the risk for hantavirus infection in areas inhabited by deer mice.
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Albariño CG, Wiggleton Guerrero L, Spengler JR, Uebelhoer LS, Chakrabarti AK, Nichol ST, Towner JS. Recombinant Marburg viruses containing mutations in the IID region of VP35 prevent inhibition of Host immune responses. Virology 2014; 476:85-91. [PMID: 25531184 PMCID: PMC6461211 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that Ebola and Marburg virus (EBOV and MARV) VP35 antagonize the host cell immune response. Moreover, specific mutations in the IFN inhibitory domain (IID) of EBOV and MARV VP35 that abrogate their interaction with virus-derived dsRNA, lack the ability to inhibit the host immune response. To investigate the role of MARV VP35 in the context of infectious virus, we used our reverse genetics system to generate two recombinant MARVs carrying specific mutations in the IID region of VP35. Our data show that wild-type and mutant viruses grow to similar titers in interferon deficient cells, but exhibit attenuated growth in interferon-competent cells. Furthermore, in contrast to wild-type virus, both MARV mutants were unable to inhibit expression of various antiviral genes. The MARV VP35 mutants exhibit similar phenotypes to those previously described for EBOV, suggesting the existence of a shared immune-modulatory strategy between filoviruses.
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32
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Knust B, Ströher U, Edison L, Albariño CG, Lovejoy J, Armeanu E, House J, Cory D, Horton C, Fowler KL, Austin J, Poe J, Humbaugh KE, Guerrero L, Campbell S, Gibbons A, Reed Z, Cannon D, Manning C, Petersen B, Metcalf D, Marsh B, Nichol ST, Rollin PE. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in employees and mice at multipremises feeder-rodent operation, United States, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:240-7. [PMID: 24447605 PMCID: PMC3901486 DOI: 10.3201/eid2002.130860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks can be prevented with strict biosecurity and microbiological monitoring. We investigated the extent of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in employees and rodents at 3 commercial breeding facilities. Of 97 employees tested, 31 (32%) had IgM and/or IgG to LCMV, and aseptic meningitis was diagnosed in 4 employees. Of 1,820 rodents tested in 1 facility, 382 (21%) mice (Mus musculus) had detectable IgG, and 13 (0.7%) were positive by reverse transcription PCR; LCMV was isolated from 8. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were not found to be infected. S-segment RNA sequence was similar to strains previously isolated in North America. Contact by wild mice with colony mice was the likely source for LCMV, and shipments of infected mice among facilities spread the infection. The breeding colonies were depopulated to prevent further human infections. Future outbreaks can be prevented with monitoring and management, and employees should be made aware of LCMV risks and prevention.
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Albariño CG, Foltzer M, Towner JS, Rowe LA, Campbell S, Jaramillo CM, Bird BH, Reeder DM, Vodzak ME, Rota P, Metcalfe MG, Spiropoulou CF, Knust B, Vincent JP, Frace MA, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ströher U. Novel paramyxovirus associated with severe acute febrile disease, South Sudan and Uganda, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:211-6. [PMID: 24447466 PMCID: PMC3901491 DOI: 10.3201/eid2002.131620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, a female wildlife biologist experienced fever, malaise, headache, generalized myalgia and arthralgia, neck stiffness, and a sore throat shortly after returning to the United States from a 6-week field expedition to South Sudan and Uganda. She was hospitalized, after which a maculopapular rash developed and became confluent. When the patient was discharged from the hospital on day 14, arthralgia and myalgia had improved, oropharynx ulcerations had healed, the rash had resolved without desquamation, and blood counts and hepatic enzyme levels were returning to reference levels. After several known suspect pathogens were ruled out as the cause of her illness, deep sequencing and metagenomics analysis revealed a novel paramyxovirus related to rubula-like viruses isolated from fruit bats.
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Uebelhoer LS, Albariño CG, McMullan LK, Chakrabarti AK, Vincent JP, Nichol ST, Towner JS. High-throughput, luciferase-based reverse genetics systems for identifying inhibitors of Marburg and Ebola viruses. Antiviral Res 2014; 106:86-94. [PMID: 24713118 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV), members of the family Filoviridae, represent a significant challenge to global public health. Currently, no licensed therapies exist to treat filovirus infections, which cause up to 90% mortality in human cases. To facilitate development of antivirals against these viruses, we established two distinct screening platforms based on MARV and EBOV reverse genetics systems that express secreted Gaussia luciferase (gLuc). The first platform is a mini-genome replicon to screen viral replication inhibitors using gLuc quantification in a BSL-2 setting. The second platform is complementary to the first and expresses gLuc as a reporter gene product encoded in recombinant infectious MARV and EBOV, thereby allowing for rapid quantification of viral growth during treatment with antiviral compounds. We characterized these viruses by comparing luciferase activity to virus production, and validated luciferase activity as an authentic real-time measure of viral growth. As proof of concept, we adapt both mini-genome and infectious virus platforms to high-throughput formats, and demonstrate efficacy of several antiviral compounds. We anticipate that both approaches will prove highly useful in the development of anti-filovirus therapies, as well as in basic research on the filovirus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joel P Vincent
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Albariño CG, Uebelhoer LS, Vincent JP, Khristova ML, Chakrabarti AK, McElroy A, Nichol ST, Towner JS. Development of a reverse genetics system to generate recombinant Marburg virus derived from a bat isolate. Virology 2013; 446:230-7. [PMID: 24074586 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations have shown the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) to be a natural reservoir for marburgviruses. To better understand the life cycle of these viruses in the natural host, a new reverse genetics system was developed for the reliable rescue of a Marburg virus (MARV) originally isolated directly from a R. aegyptiacus bat (371Bat). To develop this system, the exact terminal sequences were first determined by 5' and 3' RACE, followed by the cloning of viral proteins NP, VP35, VP30 and L into expression plasmids. Novel conditions were then developed to efficiently replicate virus mini-genomes followed by the construction of full-length genomic clones from which recombinant wild type and GFP-containing MARVs were rescued. Surprisingly, when these recombinant MARVs were propagated in primary human macrophages, a dramatic difference was found in their ability to grow and to elicit anti-viral cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Albariño CG, Shoemaker T, Khristova ML, Wamala JF, Muyembe JJ, Balinandi S, Tumusiime A, Campbell S, Cannon D, Gibbons A, Bergeron E, Bird B, Dodd K, Spiropoulou C, Erickson BR, Guerrero L, Knust B, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ströher U. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 2013; 442:97-100. [PMID: 23711383 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, an unprecedented number of four distinct, partially overlapping filovirus-associated viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks were detected in equatorial Africa. Analysis of complete virus genome sequences confirmed the reemergence of Sudan virus and Marburg virus in Uganda, and the first emergence of Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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McMullan LK, Folk SM, Kelly AJ, MacNeil A, Goldsmith CS, Metcalfe MG, Batten BC, Albariño CG, Zaki SR, Rollin PE, Nicholson WL, Nichol ST. A new phlebovirus associated with severe febrile illness in Missouri. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:834-41. [PMID: 22931317 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1203378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two men from northwestern Missouri independently presented to a medical facility with fever, fatigue, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, and both had been bitten by ticks 5 to 7 days before the onset of illness. Ehrlichia chaffeensis was suspected as the causal agent but was not found on serologic analysis, polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, or cell culture. Electron microscopy revealed viruses consistent with members of the Bunyaviridae family. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the viruses as novel members of the phlebovirus genus. Although Koch's postulates have not been completely fulfilled, we believe that this phlebovirus, which is novel in the Americas, is the cause of this clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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38
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Bird BH, Dodd KA, Erickson BR, Albariño CG, Chakrabarti AK, McMullan LK, Bergeron E, Ströeher U, Cannon D, Martin B, Coleman-McCray JD, Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF. Severe hemorrhagic fever in strain 13/N guinea pigs infected with Lujo virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1801. [PMID: 22953019 PMCID: PMC3429401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lujo virus (LUJV) is a novel member of the Arenaviridae family that was first identified in 2008 after an outbreak of severe hemorrhagic fever (HF). In what was a small but rapidly progressing outbreak, this previously unknown virus was transmitted from the critically ill index patient to 4 attending healthcare workers. Four persons died during this outbreak, for a total case fatality of 80% (4/5). The suspected rodent source of the initial exposure to LUJV remains a mystery. Because of the ease of transmission, high case fatality, and novel nature of LUJV, we sought to establish an animal model of LUJV HF. Initial attempts in mice failed, but infection of inbred strain 13/N guinea pigs resulted in lethal disease. A total of 41 adult strain 13/N guinea pigs were infected with either wild-type LUJV or a full-length recombinant LUJV. Results demonstrated that strain 13/N guinea pigs provide an excellent model of severe and lethal LUJV HF that closely resembles what is known of the human disease. All infected animals experienced consistent weight loss (3–5% per day) and clinical illness characterized by ocular discharge, ruffled fur, hunched posture, and lethargy. Uniform lethality occurred by 11–16 days post-infection. All animals developed disseminated LUJV infection in various organs (liver, spleen, lung, and kidney), and leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, and elevated transaminase levels. Serial euthanasia studies revealed a temporal pattern of virus dissemination and increasing severity of disease, primarily targeting the liver, spleen, lungs, and lower gastrointestinal tract. Establishing an animal LUJV model is an important first step towards understanding the high pathogenicity of LUJV and developing vaccines and antiviral therapeutic drugs for this highly transmissible and lethal emerging pathogen. The pathogenic arenaviruses are a diverse group of human pathogens capable of causing a wide range of human illness ranging from encephalitis to severe hemorrhagic fever throughout the New and Old World. In 2008, a previously unknown virus (now named Lujo virus) caused a high case fatality outbreak (80%) in southern Africa. Limited data available from these patients indicated that LUJV HF was characterized by thrombocytopenia, elevated liver transaminases, coagulopathy, viral antigen in multiple tissues, neurological symptoms in some cases, and eventual death. The source of exposure of the index patient remains unknown. Due to the unusually high lethality and rapid human to human spread, we sought to develop an animal model of Lujo hemorrhagic fever. We report here that after infection with Lujo virus, Strain 13/N guinea pigs develop a hemorrhagic fever syndrome similar to the disease observed in human patients. This animal model of severe Lujo hemorrhagic fever is a critical first step to increase our understanding of this highly pathogenic virus, and to develop anti-viral therapeutics or experimental vaccines for this new and unique threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Bird
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BHB); (CFS)
| | - Kimberly A. Dodd
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bobbie R. Erickson
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ayan K. Chakrabarti
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Laura K. McMullan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ute Ströeher
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deborah Cannon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brock Martin
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BHB); (CFS)
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Dodd KA, Bird BH, Khristova ML, Albariño CG, Carroll SA, Comer JA, Erickson BR, Rollin PE, Nichol ST. Ancient ancestry of KFDV and AHFV revealed by complete genome analyses of viruses isolated from ticks and mammalian hosts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1352. [PMID: 21991403 PMCID: PMC3186760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) and Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) cause significant human disease and mortality in Saudi Arabia and India, respectively. Despite their distinct geographic ranges, AHFV and KFDV share a remarkably high sequence identity. Given its emergence decades after KFDV, AHFV has since been considered a variant of KFDV and thought to have arisen from an introduction of KFDV to Saudi Arabia from India. To gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history of AHFV and KFDV, we analyzed the full length genomes of 16 AHFV and 3 KFDV isolates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Viral genomes were sequenced and compared to two AHFV sequences available in GenBank. Sequence analyses revealed higher genetic diversity within AHFVs isolated from ticks than human AHFV isolates. A Bayesian coalescent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated an ancient divergence of AHFV and KFDV of approximately 700 years ago. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The high sequence diversity within tick populations and the presence of competent tick vectors in the surrounding regions, coupled with the recent identification of AHFV in Egypt, indicate possible viral range expansion or a larger geographic range than previously thought. The divergence of AHFV from KFDV nearly 700 years ago suggests other AHFV/KFDV-like viruses might exist in the regions between Saudi Arabia and India. Given the human morbidity and mortality associated with these viruses, these results emphasize the importance of more focused study of these significant public health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Dodd
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Bird
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marina L. Khristova
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Serena A. Carroll
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James A. Comer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bobbie R. Erickson
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pierre E. Rollin
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Albariño CG, Bird BH, Chakrabarti AK, Dodd KA, Erickson BR, Nichol ST. Efficient rescue of recombinant Lassa virus reveals the influence of S segment noncoding regions on virus replication and virulence. J Virol 2011; 85:4020-4. [PMID: 21307206 PMCID: PMC3126145 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02556-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV), is a significant cause of severe, often fatal, hemorrhagic fever in humans throughout western Africa, with an estimated 100,000 infections each year. No vaccines are commercially available. We report the development of an efficient reverse genetics system to rescue recombinant LASV and to investigate the contributions of the long 5' and 3' noncoding regions (NCRs) of the S genomic segment to in vitro growth and in vivo virulence. This work demonstrates that deletions of large portions of these NCRs confer an attenuated phenotype and are a first step toward further insights into the high virulence of LASV.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Albariño
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G14, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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McElroy AK, Albariño CG, Nichol ST. Development of a RVFV ELISA that can distinguish infected from vaccinated animals. Virol J 2009; 6:125. [PMID: 19678951 PMCID: PMC2733132 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rift Valley Fever Virus is a pathogen of humans and livestock that causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout Africa and the Middle East. A vaccine that would protect animals from disease would be very beneficial to the human population because prevention of the amplification cycle in livestock would greatly reduce the risk of human infection by preventing livestock epizootics. A mutant virus, constructed through the use of reverse genetics, is protective in laboratory animal models and thus shows promise as a potential vaccine. However, the ability to distinguish infected from vaccinated animals is important for vaccine acceptance by national and international authorities, given regulations restricting movement and export of infected animals. Results In this study, we describe the development of a simple assay that can be used to distinguish naturally infected animals from ones that have been vaccinated with a mutant virus. We describe the cloning, expression and purification of two viral proteins, and the development of side by side ELISAs using the two viral proteins. Conclusion A side by side ELISA can be used to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals. This assay can be done without the use of biocontainment facilities and has potential for use in both human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K McElroy
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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42
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Spiropoulou CF, Ranjan P, Pearce MB, Sealy TK, Albariño CG, Gangappa S, Fujita T, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Ksiazek TG, Sambhara S. RIG-I activation inhibits ebolavirus replication. Virology 2009; 392:11-5. [PMID: 19628240 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever viruses are associated with rapidly progressing severe disease with high case fatality, making them of public health and biothreat importance. Effective antivirals are not available for most of the members of this diverse group of viruses. A broad spectrum strategy for antiviral development would be very advantageous. Perhaps the most challenging target would be the highly immunosuppressive filoviruses, ebolavirus and marburgvirus, associated with aerosol infectivity and case fatalities in the 80-90% range. Here we report that activation of evolutionarily conserved cytosolic viral nucleic acid sensor, RIG-I can cause severe inhibition of ebolavirus replication. These findings indicate that RIG-I-based therapies may provide an attractive approach for antivirals against Ebola hemorrhagic fever, and possibly other HF viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Spiropoulou
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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43
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Abraham J, Kwong JA, Albariño CG, Lu JG, Radoshitzky SR, Salazar-Bravo J, Farzan M, Spiropoulou CF, Choe H. Host-species transferrin receptor 1 orthologs are cellular receptors for nonpathogenic new world clade B arenaviruses. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000358. [PMID: 19343214 PMCID: PMC2658809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a New World (NW) clade B arenavirus to enter cells using human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) strictly correlates with its ability to cause hemorrhagic fever. Amapari (AMAV) and Tacaribe (TCRV), two nonpathogenic NW clade B arenaviruses that do not use human TfR1, are closely related to the NW arenaviruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers. Here we show that pseudotyped viruses bearing the surface glycoprotein (GP) of AMAV or TCRV can infect cells using the TfR1 orthologs of several mammalian species, including those of their respective natural hosts, the small rodent Neacomys spinosus and the fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis. Mutation of one residue in human TfR1 makes it a functional receptor for TCRV, and mutation of four residues makes it a functional receptor for AMAV. Our data support an in vivo role for TfR1 in the replication of most, if not all, NW clade B arenaviruses, and suggest that with modest changes in their GPs the nonpathogenic arenaviruses could use human TfR1 and emerge as human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jo Ann Kwong
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jiajie G. Lu
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jorge Salazar-Bravo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hyeryun Choe
- Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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44
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Towner JS, Sealy TK, Khristova ML, Albariño CG, Conlan S, Reeder SA, Quan PL, Lipkin WI, Downing R, Tappero JW, Okware S, Lutwama J, Bakamutumaho B, Kayiwa J, Comer JA, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST. Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000212. [PMID: 19023410 PMCID: PMC2581435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, Zaire and Sudan ebolaviruses have been responsible for large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with case fatalities ranging from 53% to 90%, while a third species, Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus, caused a single non-fatal HF case. In November 2007, HF cases were reported in Bundibugyo District, Western Uganda. Laboratory investigation of the initial 29 suspect-case blood specimens by classic methods (antigen capture, IgM and IgG ELISA) and a recently developed random-primed pyrosequencing approach quickly identified this to be an Ebola HF outbreak associated with a newly discovered ebolavirus species (Bundibugyo ebolavirus) distantly related to the Côte d'Ivoire ebolavirus found in western Africa. Due to the sequence divergence of this new virus relative to all previously recognized ebolaviruses, these findings have important implications for design of future diagnostic assays to monitor Ebola HF disease in humans and animals, and ongoing efforts to develop effective antivirals and vaccines. In this report we describe a newly discovered ebolavirus species which caused a large hemorrhagic fever outbreak in western Uganda. The virus is genetically distinct, differing by more than 30% at the genome level from all other known ebolavirus species. The unique nature of this virus created challenges for traditional filovirus molecular based diagnostic assays and genome sequencing approaches. Instead, we quickly determined over 70% of the virus genome using a recently developed random-primed pyrosequencing approach that allowed the rapid development of a molecular detection assay that was deployed in the disease outbreak response. This draft sequence allowed easy completion of the whole genome sequence using a traditional primer walking approach and prompt confirmation that this virus represented a new ebolavirus species. Current efforts to design effective diagnostics, antivirals and vaccines will need to take into account the distinct nature of this important new member of the filovirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Towner
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tara K. Sealy
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marina L. Khristova
- Scientific Resources Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - César G. Albariño
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sean Conlan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Serena A. Reeder
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Phenix-Lan Quan
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Downing
- Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jordan W. Tappero
- Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Samuel Okware
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - John Kayiwa
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - James A. Comer
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pierre E. Rollin
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thomas G. Ksiazek
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bird BH, Albariño CG, Hartman AL, Erickson BR, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST. Rift valley fever virus lacking the NSs and NSm genes is highly attenuated, confers protective immunity from virulent virus challenge, and allows for differential identification of infected and vaccinated animals. J Virol 2008; 82:2681-91. [PMID: 18199647 PMCID: PMC2258974 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02501-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is a mosquito-borne human and veterinary pathogen associated with large outbreaks of severe disease throughout Africa and more recently the Arabian peninsula. Infection of livestock can result in sweeping "abortion storms" and high mortality among young animals. Human infection results in self-limiting febrile disease that in approximately 1 to 2% of patients progresses to more serious complications including hepatitis, encephalitis, and retinitis or a hemorrhagic syndrome with high fatality. The virus S segment-encoded NSs and the M segment-encoded NSm proteins are important virulence factors. The development of safe, effective vaccines and tools to screen and evaluate antiviral compounds is critical for future control strategies. Here, we report the successful reverse genetics generation of multiple recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged RVF viruses containing either the full-length, complete virus genome or precise deletions of the NSs gene alone or the NSs/NSm genes in combination, thus creating attenuating deletions on multiple virus genome segments. These viruses were highly attenuated, with no detectable viremia or clinical illness observed with high challenge dosages (1.0 x 10(4) PFU) in the rat lethal disease model. A single-dose immunization regimen induced robust anti-RVF virus immunoglobulin G antibodies (titer, approximately 1:6,400) by day 26 postvaccination. All vaccinated animals that were subsequently challenged with a high dose of virulent RVF virus survived infection and could be serologically differentiated from naïve, experimentally infected animals by the lack of NSs antibodies. These rationally designed marker RVF vaccine viruses will be useful tools for in vitro screening of therapeutic compounds and will provide a basis for further development of RVF virus marker vaccines for use in endemic regions or following the natural or intentional introduction of the virus into previously unaffected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Bird
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Towner JS, Pourrut X, Albariño CG, Nkogue CN, Bird BH, Grard G, Ksiazek TG, Gonzalez JP, Nichol ST, Leroy EM. Marburg virus infection detected in a common African bat. PLoS One 2007; 2:e764. [PMID: 17712412 PMCID: PMC1942080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg and Ebola viruses can cause large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with high case fatality (80–90%) in human and great apes. Identification of the natural reservoir of these viruses is one of the most important topics in this field and a fundamental key to understanding their natural history. Despite the discovery of this virus family almost 40 years ago, the search for the natural reservoir of these lethal pathogens remains an enigma despite numerous ecological studies. Here, we report the discovery of Marburg virus in a common species of fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Gabon as shown by finding virus-specific RNA and IgG antibody in individual bats. These Marburg virus positive bats represent the first naturally infected non-primate animals identified. Furthermore, this is the first report of Marburg virus being present in this area of Africa, thus extending the known range of the virus. These data imply that more areas are at risk for MHF outbreaks than previously realized and correspond well with a recently published report in which three species of fruit bats were demonstrated to be likely reservoirs for Ebola virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Towner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xavier Pourrut
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR178, Franceville, Gabon
| | - César G. Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chimène Nze Nkogue
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Brian H. Bird
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gilda Grard
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Thomas G. Ksiazek
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR178, Nakhonpathom, Thaïland
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR178, Franceville, Gabon
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Bird BH, Albariño CG, Nichol ST. Rift Valley fever virus lacking NSm proteins retains high virulence in vivo and may provide a model of human delayed onset neurologic disease. Virology 2007; 362:10-5. [PMID: 17412386 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus is a significant human and veterinary pathogen responsible for explosive outbreaks throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Severe acute disease in humans includes rapid onset hepatic disease and hemorrhagic fever or delayed onset encephalitis. A highly efficient reverse genetics system was developed which allowed generation of recombinant RVF viruses to assess the role of NSm protein in virulence in a rat model in which wild-type RVF virus strain ZH501 (wt-ZH501) results in 100% lethal hepatic disease 2-3 days post infection. While extensive genomic analysis indicates conservation of the NSm coding capability of diverse RVF viruses, and viruses deficient in NSs proteins are completely attenuated in vivo, comparison of wt-ZH501, a reverse genetics generated wt-ZH501 virus (R-ZH501), and R-ZH501 virus lacking the NSm proteins (R-DeltaNSm-ZH501) demonstrated that the NSm proteins were nonessential for in vivo virulence and lethality. Surprisingly, while 44% of R-DeltaNSm-ZH501 infected animals quickly developed lethal hepatic disease similar to wt- and R-ZH501, 17% developed delayed onset neurologic disease (lethargy, head tremors, and ataxia) at 13 days post infection. Such infections may provide the basis for study of both RVF acute hepatic disease and delayed onset encephalitic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Bird
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Albariño CG, Bird BH, Nichol ST. A shared transcription termination signal on negative and ambisense RNA genome segments of Rift Valley fever, sandfly fever Sicilian, and Toscana viruses. J Virol 2007; 81:5246-56. [PMID: 17329326 PMCID: PMC1900212 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02778-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Phlebovirus genus (family Bunyaviridae) is composed of a diverse group of arboviruses that cause disease syndromes ranging from mild febrile illness to hemorrhagic fever with high fatality. Although antigenically similar, these viruses differ by approximately 25% at the genome level, and their ecologies, including geographic ranges, preferred vector species, and hosts, vary considerably. In contrast to other ambisense viruses, where RNA hairpin structures which serve as transcription termination signals are frequently found separating the opposite-sense open reading frames, no evidence of predicted high-energy hairpin structures was found at the ambisense junctions of phlebovirus S RNA segments. However, a conserved sequence motif was identified on both negative and ambisense genome segments that functions as a transcription termination signal for the N, NSs, and GPC mRNAs in three diverse phleboviruses, namely, Rift Valley fever, sandfly Sicilian, and Toscana viruses. The exact termination of nascent virus mRNA molecules was determined by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Surprisingly, analysis of the termini of mRNAs from both S and M segments of these three viruses revealed that transcription termination occurred immediately upstream of a conserved sequence motif with the general features 3'-C(1-3)GUCG/A-5'. In contrast, no corresponding sequence motif was found in the L segments, and analysis indicated a "runoff" transcript approach to L mRNA termination. The absolute requirement of the identified transcription termination motif was demonstrated by using a highly efficient Rift Valley fever virus reverse genetics system to generate live recombinant viruses with S segments lacking the termination signal motif for the NP or NSs mRNA and showing that these recombinant viruses generated mRNAs that failed to terminate correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Albariño
- Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Spiropoulou CF, Albariño CG, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE. Andes and Prospect Hill hantaviruses differ in early induction of interferon although both can downregulate interferon signaling. J Virol 2007; 81:2769-76. [PMID: 17202220 PMCID: PMC1866013 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02402-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe respiratory disease which is thought to result from a dysregulated immune response to infection with pathogenic hantaviruses, such as Sin Nombre virus or Andes virus (ANDV). Other New World hantaviruses, such as Prospect Hill virus (PHV), have not been associated with human disease. Activation of an antiviral state and cell signaling in response to hantavirus infection were examined using human primary lung endothelial cells, the main target cell infected in HPS patients. PHV, but not ANDV, was found to induce a robust beta interferon (IFN-beta) response early after infection of primary lung endothelial cells. The level of IFN induction correlated with IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) activation, in that IRF-3 dimerization and nuclear translocation were detected in PHV but not ANDV infection. In addition, phosphorylated Stat-1/2 levels were significantly lower in the ANDV-infected cells relative to PHV. Presumably, this reflects the lower level of IRF-3 activation and initial IFN induced by ANDV relative to PHV. To determine whether, in addition, ANDV interference with IFN signaling also contributed to the low Stat-1/2 activation seen in ANDV infection, the levels of exogenous IFN-beta-induced Stat-1/2 activation detectable in uninfected versus ANDV- or PHV-infected Vero-E6 cells were examined. Surprisingly, both viruses were found to downregulate IFN-induced Stat-1/2 activation. Analysis of cells transiently expressing only ANDV or PHV glycoproteins implicated these proteins in this downregulation. In conclusion, while both viruses can interfere with IFN signaling, there is a major difference in the initial interferon induction via IRF-3 activation between ANDV and PHV in infected primary endothelial cells, and this correlates with the reported differences in pathogenicity of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Spiropoulou
- Special Pathogens Branch, G-14, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Abstract
The nodavirus Flock House virus has a bipartite genome composed of RNAs 1 and 2, which encode the catalytic component of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the capsid protein precursor, respectively. In addition to catalyzing replication of the viral genome, the RdRp also transcribes from RNA1 a subgenomic RNA3, which is both required for and suppressed by RNA2 replication. Here, we show that in the absence of RNA1 replication, FHV RdRp replicated positive-sense RNA3 transcripts fully and copied negative-sense RNA3 transcripts into positive strands. The two nonstructural proteins encoded by RNA3 were dispensable for replication, but sequences in the 3'-terminal 58 nucleotides were required. RNA3 variants that failed to replicate also failed to transactivate RNA2. These results imply that RNA3 is naturally produced both by transcription from RNA1 and by subsequent RNA1-independent replication and that RNA3 replication may be necessary for transactivation of RNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance D Eckerle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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