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Liu L, Wang B, Ma Y, Sun K, Wang P, Li M, Dong J, Qin M, Li M, Wei C, Tan Y, He J, Guo K, Yu XA. A review of Phyllanthus urinaria L. in the treatment of liver disease: viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1443667. [PMID: 39185304 PMCID: PMC11341462 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1443667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the pathological production of liver disease in utility particularly complexity, the morbidity and mortality of liver disease including viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rapidly increasing worldwide. Considering its insidious onset, rapid progression and drug resistance, finding an effective therapy is particularly worthwhile. Phyllanthus urinaria L. (P. urinaria), an ethnic medicine, can be applied at the stages of viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and HCC, which demonstrates great potential in the treatment of liver disease. Currently, there are numerous reports on the application of P. urinaria in treating liver diseases, but a detailed analysis of its metabolites and a complete summary of its pharmacological mechanism are still scarce. In this review, the phytochemical metabolites and ethnopharmacological applications of P. urinaria are summarized. Briefly, P. urinaria mainly contains flavonoids, lignans, tannins, phenolic acids, terpenoids and other metabolites. The mechanisms of P. urinaria are mainly reflected in reducing surface antigen secretion and interfering with DNA polymerase synthesis for anti-viral hepatitis activity, reducing hepatic stellate cells activity, inflammation and oxidative stress for anti-liver fibrosis/cirrhosis activity, as well as preventing tumor proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis for anti-HCC activity via relevant signaling pathways. Accordingly, this review provides insights into the future application of natural products in the trilogy of liver diseases and will provide a scientific basis for further research and rational utilization of P. urinaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen lnternational Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yibo Ma
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunhui Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meifang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlin Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meirong Qin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingshun Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunshan Wei
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen lnternational Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Keying Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong-Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, China
| | - Xie-an Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
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Adeosun WB, Loots DT. Medicinal Plants against Viral Infections: A Review of Metabolomics Evidence for the Antiviral Properties and Potentials in Plant Sources. Viruses 2024; 16:218. [PMID: 38399995 PMCID: PMC10892737 DOI: 10.3390/v16020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Most plants have developed unique mechanisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions to compensate for their lack of mobility. A key part of their coping mechanisms is the synthesis of secondary metabolites. In addition to their role in plants' defense against pathogens, they also possess therapeutic properties against diseases, and their use by humans predates written history. Viruses are a unique class of submicroscopic agents, incapable of independent existence outside a living host. Pathogenic viruses continue to pose a significant threat to global health, leading to innumerable fatalities on a yearly basis. The use of medicinal plants as a natural source of antiviral agents has been widely reported in literature in the past decades. Metabolomics is a powerful research tool for the identification of plant metabolites with antiviral potentials. It can be used to isolate compounds with antiviral capacities in plants and study the biosynthetic pathways involved in viral disease progression. This review discusses the use of medicinal plants as antiviral agents, with a special focus on the metabolomics evidence supporting their efficacy. Suggestions are made for the optimization of various metabolomics methods of characterizing the bioactive compounds in plants and subsequently understanding the mechanisms of their operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Bamise Adeosun
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa;
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Mohanty SS, Sahoo CR, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN. Role of phytocompounds as the potential anti-viral agent: an overview. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2311-2329. [PMID: 37160482 PMCID: PMC10169142 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are the most notorious infective agent(s) causing morbidity and mortality in every nook and corner for ages; viruses are active in host cells, and specific anti-virus medicines' developments remain uncanny. In this century of the biological era, human viruses act predominantly as versatile spreaders. The infection of the present COVID-19 virus is up in the air; blithely, the integument of medicinal chemistry approaches, particularly bioactive derived phytocompounds could be helpful to control those human viruses, recognized in the last 100 years. Indeed, natural products are being used for various therapeutic purposes. The major bioactive phytocompounds are chemically containing coumarin, thiosulfonate, steroid, polysaccharide, tannin, lignin, proanthocyanidin, terpene, quinone, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and polyphenol, that are documented for inhibitory action against several viral infections. Mostly, about 20-30% of plants from tropical or temperate regions are known to have some antiviral activity. This comprehensive analysis of bioactive-derived phytocompounds would represent a significant impact and might be helpful for antiviral research and the current state of viral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sucharita Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | - Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
- Present Address: Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, 751023 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
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4
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Mandal A, Hazra B. Medicinal plant molecules against hepatitis C virus: Current status and future prospect. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4353-4374. [PMID: 37439007 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a global malady, causes acute and chronic hepatitis leading to permanent liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. Modern anti-HCV therapies are efficient, but mostly inaccessible for residents of underdeveloped regions. To innovate more effective treatments at affordable cost, medicinal plant-based products need to be explored. The aim of this article is to review plant constituents in the light of putative anti-HCV mechanisms of action, and discuss existing problems, challenges, and future directions for their potential application in therapeutic settings. One hundred sixty literatures were collected by using appropriate search strings via scientific search engines: Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Bibliography was prepared using Mendeley desktop software. We found a substantial number of plants that were reported to inhibit different stages of HCV life cycle. Traditional medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. and Thonn., Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., and Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile exhibited strong anti-HCV activities. Again, several phytochemicals such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honokilol, punicalagin, and quercetin have shown broad-spectrum anti-HCV effect. We have presented promising phytochemicals like silymarin, curcumin, glycyrrhizin, and camptothecin for nanoparticle-based hepatocyte-targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, only a few animal studies have been performed to validate the anti-HCV effect of these plant products. Again, insufficient clinical evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of herbal medications remain a problem. Selected plants products could be developed as novel therapeutics for HCV patients only after scrupulous evaluation of their safety and efficacy in a clinical set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith, Birati, Kolkata, India
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Lun TL, Tojo S, Teruya T, Kato-Noguchi H. Allelopathic Activity of the Invasive Plant Polygonum chinense Linn. and Its Allelopathic Substances. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2968. [PMID: 37631179 PMCID: PMC10459323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum chinense Linn., belonging to the Polygonaceae family, is distributed mostly in northern temperate climates. This species is a high-risk invasive plant and is thought to possess allelopathic potential. This study aimed to isolate and identify the allelopathic substances from P. chinense. Aqueous methanol extracts of P. chinense significantly inhibited the growth of alfalfa and Italian ryegrass seedlings in a species- and concentration-dependent manner. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active compounds: dehydrovomifoliol and loliolide. A cress bioassay was used to determine the biological activity of dehydrovomifoliol, and cress, alfalfa, and Italian ryegrass were used to determine loliolide. Dehydrovomifoliol significantly suppressed the seedling growth of cress at the concentration of 1 mM, and the concentrations necessary for 50% growth inhibition (I50 values) of the roots and shoots were 1.2 and 2 mM, respectively. Loliolide significantly suppressed the shoot growth of cress, alfalfa, and Italian ryegrass at the concentration of 1 mM, and the concentrations necessary for I50 values of the shoots and roots were 0.15 to 2.33 and 0.33 to 2.23 mM, respectively. The findings of our study suggest the extracts of P. chinense might have growth-inhibitory potential and that dehydrovomifoliol and loliolide might contribute as allelopathic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang Lam Lun
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Kagawa, Japan;
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shunya Tojo
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan;
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Okinawa, Japan;
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Kagawa, Japan;
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8566, Ehime, Japan
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Upadhyay R, Tiwari KN. The antiviral potential of Phyllanthus species: a systematic review. Arch Virol 2023; 168:177. [PMID: 37310509 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections and diseases caused by viruses are worldwide problems. According to a WHO report, three to five million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) each year globally. Since some viruses mutate very quickly, developing antiviral drugs can be a daunting task. Moreover, currently used synthetic drugs are toxic and associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a need to search for alternative natural remedies that have low toxicity, a new mechanism of action, and no major side effects. Phyllanthus plants have traditionally been used to treat viral hepatitis and liver damage in many tropical and subtropical countries worldwide. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Phyllanthus spp. against HBV, HCV, HIV, herpes simplex virus, and SARS-CoV-2. The inferences from in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials validate the use of Phyllanthus in antiviral remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Upadhyay
- Department of Botany, Mihir Bhoj PG College, Dadri, G.B. Nagar, 203207, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Peralta-Moreno MN, Anton-Muñoz V, Ortega-Alarcon D, Jimenez-Alesanco A, Vega S, Abian O, Velazquez-Campoy A, Thomson TM, Granadino-Roldán JM, Machicado C, Rubio-Martinez J. Autochthonous Peruvian Natural Plants as Potential SARS-CoV-2 M pro Main Protease Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040585. [PMID: 37111342 PMCID: PMC10146424 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 750 million cases of COVID-19, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been reported since the onset of the global outbreak. The need for effective treatments has spurred intensive research for therapeutic agents based on pharmaceutical repositioning or natural products. In light of prior studies asserting the bioactivity of natural compounds of the autochthonous Peruvian flora, the present study focuses on the identification SARS-CoV-2 Mpro main protease dimer inhibitors. To this end, a target-based virtual screening was performed over a representative set of Peruvian flora-derived natural compounds. The best poses obtained from the ensemble molecular docking process were selected. These structures were subjected to extensive molecular dynamics steps for the computation of binding free energies along the trajectory and evaluation of the stability of the complexes. The compounds exhibiting the best free energy behaviors were selected for in vitro testing, confirming the inhibitory activity of Hyperoside against Mpro, with a Ki value lower than 20 µM, presumably through allosteric modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nuria Peralta-Moreno
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, and the Institut de Recerca en Quimica Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Anton-Muñoz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - David Ortega-Alarcon
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Jimenez-Alesanco
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Vega
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Abian
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragon), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy M Thomson
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía-LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - José Manuel Granadino-Roldán
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas" s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Claudia Machicado
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional y Biología Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía-LID, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Jaime Rubio-Martinez
- Department of Materials Science and Physical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, and the Institut de Recerca en Quimica Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Paul A, Chakraborty N, Sarkar A, Acharya K, Ranjan A, Chauhan A, Srivastava S, Singh AK, Rai AK, Mubeen I, Prasad R. Ethnopharmacological Potential of Phytochemicals and Phytogenic Products against Human RNA Viral Diseases as Preventive Therapeutics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1977602. [PMID: 36860811 PMCID: PMC9970710 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1977602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses have been the most destructive due to their transmissibility and lack of control measures. Developments of vaccines for RNA viruses are very tough or almost impossible as viruses are highly mutable. For the last few decades, most of the epidemic and pandemic viral diseases have wreaked huge devastation with innumerable fatalities. To combat this threat to mankind, plant-derived novel antiviral products may contribute as reliable alternatives. They are assumed to be nontoxic, less hazardous, and safe compounds that have been in uses in the beginning of human civilization. In this growing COVID-19 pandemic, the present review amalgamates and depicts the role of various plant products in curing viral diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Paul
- Department of Botany, Scottish Church College, Kolkata 700006, India
| | | | - Anik Sarkar
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki 194/1, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environment Toxicology and Safety Management, Amity University, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401 Bihar, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqra Mubeen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, 845401 Bihar, India
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Mukherjee S, Sharma D, Sharma AK, Jaiswal S, Sharma N, Borah S, Kaur G. Flavan-based phytoconstituents inhibit Mpro, a SARS-COV-2 molecular target, in silico. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11545-11559. [PMID: 34348081 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1960196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A well-validated in-silico approach can provide promising drug candidates for the treatment of the ongoing CoVID19 pandemic. In this study, we have screened 32 phytochemical constituents (PCCs) with Mpro binding site (PDB:6W63) based on which we identified three possible candidates that are likely to be effective against CoVID19-viz., licoleafol (binding energy: -8.1 kcal/mol), epicatechin gallate (-8.5 kcal/mol) and silibinin (-8.4 kcal/mol) that result in higher binding affinity than the known inhibitor, X77 (-7.7 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of PCCs-Mpro complex confirmed molecular docking results with high structural and dynamical stability. The selected compounds were found to exhibit low mean squared displacements (licoleafol: 2.25 ± 0.43 Å, epicatechin gallate: 1.93 ± 0.35 Å, and silibinin: 1.39 ± 0.19 Å) and overall low fluctuations of the binding complexes (root mean squared fluctuations below 2 Å). Visualization of the MD trajectories and structural analyses revealed that they remain confined to the initial binding region, with mean fluctuations lower than 3 Å. To access the collective motion of the atoms, we performed principal component analysis demonstrating that the first 10 principal components are the major contributors (approximate contribution of 80%) and are responsible for the overall PCCs motion. Considering that the three selected PCCs share the same flavan backbone and exhibit antiviral activity against hepatitis C, we opine that licoleafol, epi-catechin gallate, and silibinin can be promising anti-CoVID19 drug candidates. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Mukherjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India.,Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Shreya Jaiswal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Nancy Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Sangkha Borah
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Gurjot Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
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Tian R, Zhu H, Lu Y, Shi X, Tu P, Li H, Huang H, Chen D. Therapeutic Potential of 2-Methylquinazolin-4(3H)-one as an Antiviral Agent against Influenza A Virus-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227857. [PMID: 36431955 PMCID: PMC9697438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Qingdai-Mabo (QM), a traditional Chinese herbal formula composed of medicinal herb and fungus, has been used for treatment of cough and viral pneumonia. However, the underlying mechanism and bioactive components against anti-influenza A virus remain unclear. In the present study, ethyl acetate (EA) extract of QM decoctions was tested for its biological activity against acute lung injury (ALI) and its main components were identified using UPLC-MS/MS. In total, 18 bioactive components were identified, including 2-Methylquinaozlin-4(3H)-one (C1), which showed significant antiviral activity in vitro with an IC50 of 23.8 μg/mL. Furthermore, we validated the efficacy of C1 in ameliorating ALI lesions and inflammation in influenza A virus-infected mice. The results showed that C1 significantly reduced the lung index, downregulated neuraminidase (NA) and nucleoprotein (NP), and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules IFN-α, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8; however, they enhanced levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in lung homogenate from mice infected by influenza A virus. In addition, C1 inhibited the recruitment of macrophages. These in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the significant anti-influenza A virus activity contributed to its curative effect on lesions and inflammation of viral pneumonia in mice. Given its potential antiviral activity against influenza A virus, C1 is determined to be a main active component in the EA extract of QM. Taken together, the antiviral activity of C1 suggests its potential as an effective treatment against viral pneumonia via the inhibition of virus replication, but the mechanism C1 on antiviral research needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunlong Shi
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Tu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, No. 3728, Jin Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.C.)
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11
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Iraci N, Corsaro C, Giofrè SV, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Vacalebre M, Speciale A, Saija A, Cimino F, Fazio E. Nanoscale Technologies in the Fight against COVID-19: From Innovative Nanomaterials to Computer-Aided Discovery of Potential Antiviral Plant-Derived Drugs. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1060. [PMID: 36008954 PMCID: PMC9405735 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few years have increasingly emphasized the need to develop new active antiviral products obtained from artificial synthesis processes using nanomaterials, but also derived from natural matrices. At the same time, advanced computational approaches have found themselves fundamental in the repurposing of active therapeutics or for reducing the very long developing phases of new drugs discovery, which represents a real limitation, especially in the case of pandemics. The first part of the review is focused on the most innovative nanomaterials promising both in the field of therapeutic agents, as well as measures to control virus spread (i.e., innovative antiviral textiles). The second part of the review aims to show how computer-aided technologies can allow us to identify, in a rapid and therefore constantly updated way, plant-derived molecules (i.e., those included in terpenoids) potentially able to efficiently interact with SARS-CoV-2 cell penetration pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Salvatore V. Giofrè
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Martina Vacalebre
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (N.I.); (S.V.G.); (G.N.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.V.); (E.F.)
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12
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An integrative approach to harnessing the potential of Traditional Indian Medicinal plants for acute viral infections. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Reinaldo RCPDS, Santoro FR, Albuquerque UP, de Medeiros PM. Taste and chemical composition as drives for utilitarian redundancy and equivalence: a case study in local medical systems in Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2022; 18:4. [PMID: 35078497 PMCID: PMC8787910 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-022-00503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to verify whether the taste and chemical composition influence the selection of plants in each medicinal category, whether within a socio-ecological system or between different socio-ecological systems. To this end, we use the theoretical bases of the Utilitarian Redundancy Model and the Utilitarian Equivalence Model. We studied the local medical systems of four rural communities in northeastern Brazil, used as models to test our assumptions. METHODS The data on medicinal plants and local therapeutic function were obtained from semi-structured interviews associated with the free-listing method, allowing to generate indexes of similarity of therapeutic use between the plants cited in each region. During the interviews, each informer was also asked to report the tastes of the plants cited. Subsequently, we classified each plant in each region according to the most cited taste. The data about the chemical composition of each plant were obtained from a systematic review, using Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases. RESULTS Pairs of plants with similar tastes are 1.46 times more likely to have the same therapeutic function within a local medical system (redundancy), but not between medical systems (equivalence). We also find that chemical compounds are not primarily responsible for utilitarian redundancy and equivalence. However, there was a tendency for alkaloids to be doubly present with greater expressiveness in pairs of equivalent plants. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that each social group can create its means of using the organoleptic characteristics as clues to select new species as medicinal. Furthermore, this study corroborates the main prediction of the Utilitarian Equivalence Model, that people in different environments choose plants with traits in common for the same functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Corrêa Prota Dos Santos Reinaldo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Rosa Santoro
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, 52171-900, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Thomas E, Stewart LE, Darley BA, Pham AM, Esteban I, Panda SS. Plant-Based Natural Products and Extracts: Potential Source to Develop New Antiviral Drug Candidates. Molecules 2021; 26:6197. [PMID: 34684782 PMCID: PMC8537559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are among the most complex medical problems and have been a major threat to the economy and global health. Several epidemics and pandemics have occurred due to viruses, which has led to a significant increase in mortality and morbidity rates. Natural products have always been an inspiration and source for new drug development because of their various uses. Among all-natural sources, plant sources are the most dominant for the discovery of new therapeutic agents due to their chemical and structural diversity. Despite the traditional use and potential source for drug development, natural products have gained little attention from large pharmaceutical industries. Several plant extracts and isolated compounds have been extensively studied and explored for antiviral properties against different strains of viruses. In this review, we have compiled antiviral plant extracts and natural products isolated from plants reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.T.); (L.E.S.); (B.A.D.); (A.M.P.); (I.E.)
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15
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The Methanolic Extract of Perilla frutescens Robustly Restricts Ebola Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Entry. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091793. [PMID: 34578374 PMCID: PMC8473196 DOI: 10.3390/v13091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), one of the most infectious human viruses and a leading cause of viral hemorrhagic fever, imposes a potential public health threat with several recent outbreaks. Despite the difficulties associated with working with this pathogen in biosafety level-4 containment, a protective vaccine and antiviral therapeutic were recently approved. However, the high mortality rate of EBOV infection underscores the necessity to continuously identify novel antiviral strategies to help expand the scope of prophylaxis/therapeutic management against future outbreaks. This includes identifying antiviral agents that target EBOV entry, which could improve the management of EBOV infection. Herein, using EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-pseudotyped particles, we screened a panel of natural medicinal extracts, and identified the methanolic extract of Perilla frutescens (PFME) as a robust inhibitor of EBOV entry. We show that PFME dose-dependently impeded EBOV GP-mediated infection at non-cytotoxic concentrations, and exerted the most significant antiviral activity when both the extract and the pseudoparticles are concurrently present on the host cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that PFME could block viral attachment and neutralize the cell-free viral particles. Our results, therefore, identified PFME as a potent inhibitor of EBOV entry, which merits further evaluation for development as a therapeutic strategy against EBOV infection.
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16
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Abstract
Abstract The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has put the entire globe into unrest, primarily due to unavailability of specific drug against the viral proteins. In the last two decades the world has withstood many contagious disease crashes. SARS-CoV-2 has put the world and the mankind in danger. It is spreading unstoppably all over the world. The virus is evolving and thus the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 strains has been different and making it difficult to develop a broad-spectrum anti-viral molecule that would be effective against all the SARS-CoV-2 variants. This imperative situation demands development of molecules for effective treatment against SARS-CoV-2. The phytomolecules or the bioactive molecules of plants could be a great alternative to combat SARS-CoV-2. The bioactive molecules with their antiviral properties and the secondary metabolites may effectively deactivate the functioning of viral proteins. The structural configuration of 2019-nCoV proteins and genomic information are available, thus contributing immensely for fast molecular docking studies and hence, enables screening of numerous accessible phytomolecules. In the current study, we have essentially highlighted common phytomolecules against the known viral proteins and described the mode of action of few plant-derived molecules which have the potential to suppress the activity of the viral proteins. Graphic abstract ![]()
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17
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Reynolds D, Huesemann M, Edmundson S, Sims A, Hurst B, Cady S, Beirne N, Freeman J, Berger A, Gao S. Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis. ALGAL RES 2021; 57:102331. [PMID: 34026476 PMCID: PMC8128986 DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are abiotic obligate parasites utilizing complex mechanisms to hijack cellular machinery and reproduce, causing multiple harmful effects in the process. Viruses represent a growing global health concern; at the time of writing, COVID-19 has killed at least two million people around the world and devastated global economies. Lingering concern regarding the virus' prevalence yet hampers return to normalcy. While catastrophic in and of itself, COVID-19 further heralds in a new era of human-disease interaction characterized by the emergence of novel viruses from natural sources with heretofore unseen frequency. Due to deforestation, population growth, and climate change, we are encountering more viruses that can infect larger groups of people with greater ease and increasingly severe outcomes. The devastation of COVID-19 and forecasts of future human/disease interactions call for a creative reconsideration of global response to infectious disease. There is an urgent need for accessible, cost-effective antiviral (AV) drugs that can be mass-produced and widely distributed to large populations. Development of AV drugs should be informed by a thorough understanding of viral structure and function as well as human biology. To maximize efficacy, minimize cost, and reduce development of drug-resistance, these drugs would ideally operate through a varied set of mechanisms at multiple stages throughout the course of infection. Due to their abundance and diversity, natural compounds are ideal for such comprehensive therapeutic interventions. Promising sources of such drugs are found throughout nature; especially remarkable are the algae, a polyphyletic grouping of phototrophs that produce diverse bioactive compounds. While not much literature has been published on the subject, studies have shown that these compounds exert antiviral effects at different stages of viral pathogenesis. In this review, we follow the course of viral infection in the human body and evaluate the AV effects of algae-derived compounds at each stage. Specifically, we examine the AV activities of algae-derived compounds at the entry of viruses into the body, transport through the body via the lymph and blood, infection of target cells, and immune response. We discuss what is known about algae-derived compounds that may interfere with the infection pathways of SARS-CoV-2; and review which algae are promising sources for AV agents or AV precursors that, with further investigation, may yield life-saving drugs due to their diversity of mechanisms and exceptional pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daman Reynolds
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Michael Huesemann
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Scott Edmundson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Amy Sims
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett Hurst
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sherry Cady
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Nathan Beirne
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Freeman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Adam Berger
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine and Coastal Research Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
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18
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Chi H, Qi X, Wang X, Wang Y, Han X, Wang J, Wang H. Preparative separation and purification of loliolide and epiloliolide from Ascophyllum nodosum using amine-based microporous organic polymer for solid phase extraction coupled with macroporous resin and prep-HPLC. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1939-1944. [PMID: 33913944 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00186h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a novel approach for the preparative separation and purification of loliolide and epiloliolide from Ascophyllum nodosum. An amine-based microporous organic polymer (MOP) was used for the pretreatment of the nodosum extract via solid-phase extraction (SPE). The obtained extract was further purified using macroporous resin chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). The loading and elution parameters of the MOP were evaluated using standard loliolide, and the optimized conditions were used during the SPE of the nodosum extract (37.5 g). After the pretreatment with MOP, the extract (2.79 g) was obtained and further purified using a D101 resin column followed by prep-HPLC. A pair of epimers were isolated and identified as loliolide (5.83 mg) and epiloliolide (2.50 mg) using high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS), 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This study demonstrates the potential of MOPs in the separation and purification of monoterpenoids from complex plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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19
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Ali SI, Sheikh WM, Rather MA, Venkatesalu V, Muzamil Bashir S, Nabi SU. Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3447-3483. [PMID: 33590931 PMCID: PMC8013762 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of viral diseases like novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) prompted the scientific world to examine antiviral bioactive compounds rather than nucleic acid analogous, protease inhibitors, or other toxic synthetic molecules. The emerging viral infections significantly associated with 2019-nCoV have challenged humanity's survival. Further, there is a constant emergence of new resistant viral strains that demand novel antiviral agents with fewer side effects and cell toxicity. Despite significant progress made in immunization and regenerative medicine, numerous viruses still lack prophylactic vaccines and specific antiviral treatments that are so often influenced by the generation of viral escape mutants. Of importance, medicinal herbs offer a wide variety of therapeutic antiviral chemotypes that can inhibit viral replication by preventing viral adsorption, adhering to cell receptors, inhibiting virus penetration in the host cell, and competing for pathways of activation of intracellular signals. The present review will comprehensively summarize the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules. Furthermore, it will elucidate their mechanism of action and possible implications in the treatment/prevention of viral diseases even when their mechanism of action is not fully understood, which could serve as the base for the future development of novel or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
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20
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Lee HG, Kim HS, Je JG, Hwang J, Sanjeewa KKA, Lee DS, Song KM, Choi YS, Kang MC, Jeon YJ. Lipid Inhibitory Effect of (-)-loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Inhibitory Mechanism of Adipose-Specific Proteins. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:96. [PMID: 33567534 PMCID: PMC7915803 DOI: 10.3390/md19020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) is a well-known brown seaweed widely distributed worldwide. Several biological activities of S. horneri have been reported. However, its effects on lipid metabolism and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effect of the active compound "(-)-loliolide ((6S,7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(4H)-one (HTT))" from S. horneri extract on lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. MTT assays demonstrated that (-)-loliolide is not toxic to 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a range of concentrations. (-)-loliolide significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiated phase of 3T3-L1 adipocytes as shown by Oil Red O staining. Western blot analysis revealed that (-)-loliolide increased the expression of lipolytic protein phospho-hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL) and thermogenic protein peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1). Additionally, (-)-loliolide decreased expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results indicate that (-)-loliolide from S. horneri could suppress lipid accumulation via regulation of antiadipogenic and prolipolytic mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells. Considering the multifunctional effect of (-)-loliolide, it can be useful as a lipid-lowering agent in the management of patients who suffer from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Jin Hwang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101-gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33362, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (D.-S.L.)
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.-M.S.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-G.L.); (J.-G.J.); (J.H.); (K.K.A.S.)
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21
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Malarz J, Michalska K, Stojakowska A. Stem Lettuce and Its Metabolites: Does the Variety Make Any Difference? Foods 2020; 10:E59. [PMID: 33383824 PMCID: PMC7824169 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize chemical composition of hitherto unexamined aerial parts of Lactuca sativa var. angustana cv. Grüner Stern. In contrast to leafy and head varieties of the lettuces, asparagus lettuce grown in Europe is much less studied. Fractionation of a methanolic extract from leaves of L. sativa cv. Grüner Stern, supported with HPLC/DAD and 1H NMR analysis, led to the isolation and/or identification of numerous terpenoid and phenolic compounds, including five apocarotenoids-(-)-loliolide, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, blumenol A, (6S,9S)-vomifoliol, and corchoionoside C; three sesquiterpene lactones; two lignans-((+)-syringaresinol and its 4-O-β-glucoside); five caffeic acid derivatives; and three flavonoids. Some of the compounds, to the best of our knowledge, have never been isolated from L. sativa before. Moreover, monolignols, phenolic acids and a tryptophan-derived alkaloid were found in the analyzed plant material. Stems, leaves and shoot tips of the asparagus lettuce were examined to assess their phenolics and sesquiterpene lactone content as well as DPPH scavenging activity. Another stem lettuce-L. sativa var. angustana cv. Karola, two cultivars of leafy lettuces and one species of wild lettuce-L. serriola, were also examined as a reference material using HPLC/DAD. The results have been discussed regarding our previous studies and the literature data available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Phytochemistry, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.); (K.M.)
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22
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Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Activities of Monoterpene Hydroxy Lactones Isolated from the Marine Microalga Tisochrysis Lutea. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110567. [PMID: 33227960 PMCID: PMC7699183 DOI: 10.3390/md18110567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tisochrysis lutea is a marine haptophyte rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin). Because of the nutraceutical applications of these compounds, this microalga is being used in aquaculture to feed oyster and shrimp larvae. In our earlier report, T. lutea organic crude extracts exhibited in vitro cytotoxic activity against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. However, so far, the compound(s) accountable for the observed bioactivity have not been identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and identify the chemical component(s) responsible for the bioactivity observed. Bioassay-guided fractionation through a combination of silica-gel column chromatography, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC), led to the isolation of two diastereomers of a monoterpenoid lactone, namely, loliolide (1) and epi-loliolide (2), isolated for the first time in this species. The structural elucidation of both compounds was carried out by GC-MS and 1D (1H and 13C APT) and 2D (COSY, HMBC, HSQC-ed, and NOESY) NMR analysis. Both compounds significantly reduced the viability of HepG2 cells and were considerably less toxic towards a non-tumoral murine stromal (S17) cell line, although epi-loliolide was found to be more active than loliolide.
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Roumy V, Ruiz L, Ruiz Macedo JC, Gutierrez-Choquevilca AL, Samaillie J, Encinas LA, Mesia WR, Ricopa Cotrina HE, Rivière C, Sahpaz S, Bordage S, Garçon G, Dubuisson J, Anthérieu S, Seron K, Hennebelle T. Viral hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon: Ethnomedical context and phytomedical resource. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112735. [PMID: 32147478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An extensive ethnopharmacological survey was carried out in the Peruvian Amazonian district of Loreto with informants of various cultural origins from the surroundings of Iquitos (capital city of Loreto) and from 15 isolated riverine Quechua communities of the Pastaza River. A close attention was paid to the medical context and plant therapy, leading to the selection of 35 plant species (45 extracts). The extracts were tested for antiviral activity against HCV with counting of Huh-7 cellular death in case of toxicity, and cytotoxicity was evaluated in HepG2 cells. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to inventory the plants used against hepatitis in Loreto, then to evaluate their antiviral activity and to suggest a way to improve local therapeutic strategy against viral hepatitis, which is a fatal disease that is still increasing in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnographic survey was carried out using "participant-observation" methodology and focusing on plant therapy against hepatitis including associated remedies. 45 parts of plant were extracted with methanol and tested in vitro for anti-HCV activity in 96-well plate, using HCV cell culture system with immunofluorescent detection assisted by automated confocal microscopy. Toxicity of plant extracts was also evaluated in microplates on hepatic cells by immunofluorescent detection, for the Huh-7 nuclei viability, and by UV-absorbance measurement of MTT formazan for cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. RESULTS In vitro assay revealed interesting activity of 18 extracts (50% infection inhibition at 25 μg/mL) with low cytotoxicity for 15 of them. Result analysis showed that at least 30% of HCV virus were inhibited at 25 μg/mL for 60% of the plant extracts. Moreover, the ethnomedical survey showed that remedies used with low and accurate dosing as targeted therapy against hepatitis are usually more active than species indicated with more flexible dosing to alleviate symptoms of hepatic diseases. CONCLUSION Together with bibliographic data analysis, this study supported the traditional medicinal uses of many plants and contributed to a better understanding of the local medical system. It also permitted to refine the therapeutic plant indications regarding patients' liver injuries and vulnerability. Only 2 of the 15 most active plant species have already been studied for antiviral activity against hepatitis suggesting new avenues to be followed for the 13 other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roumy
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Lastenia Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Juan Celidonio Ruiz Macedo
- Herbarium de la Amazonía Peruana Amazonense de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Nanay con Pevas, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Andrea-Luz Gutierrez-Choquevilca
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE PSL, Laboratoire d'anthropologie sociale (UMR 7130, Collège de France, 75005, Paris France)
| | - Jennifer Samaillie
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Leonor Arévalo Encinas
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Wilfredo Ruiz Mesia
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Hivelli Ericka Ricopa Cotrina
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Céline Rivière
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sevser Sahpaz
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Simon Bordage
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000, Lille France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Anthérieu
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483-IMPECS-IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine, F-59000, Lille France
| | - Karin Seron
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thierry Hennebelle
- Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France
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25
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Abbass H, El-Hela A, Hegazy M, Abu Bakr M. Profiling of antiviral and antioxidant phytochemicals of Pterocephalus frutescens hochist. using high-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_558_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Choi E, Yi YS, Lee J, Park SH, Kim S, Hossain MA, Jang S, Choi YI, Park KJ, Kim DS, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Edible Fresh Water Algae Prasiola japonica in UVB-Irradiated Skin Keratinocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1853-1868. [PMID: 31786945 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the outer tissue layer and is a barrier protecting the body from various external stresses. The fresh water green edible algae Prasiola japonica has antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties; however, few studies of its effects on skin-protection have been reported. In this study, Prasiola japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE) was prepared, and its skin-protective properties were investigated in skin keratinocytes. Pj-EE inhibited ROS production in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells without cytotoxicity. Pj-EE also suppressed the apoptotic death of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells by decreasing the generation of apoptotic bodies and the proteolytic activation of apoptosis caspase-3, -8, and -9. Moreover, Pj-EE downregulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and the tissue remodeling genes matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, and -9. The Pj-EE-induced anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Pj-EE exerts skin-protective effects through anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokGu Jang
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Im Choi
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Park
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sam Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Kim SY, Lee JY, Jhin C, Shin JM, Kim M, Ahn HR, Yoo G, Son YJ, Jung SH, Nho CW. Reduction of Hepatic Lipogenesis by Loliolide and Pinoresinol from Lysimachia vulgaris via Degrading Liver X Receptors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12419-12427. [PMID: 31610126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXRs) are major regulators of lipogenesis, and their reduced activation by an inhibitor could be a treatment strategy for fatty liver disease. Small molecules originating from dietary food are considered suitable and attractive drug candidates for humans in terms of safety. In this study, an edible plant, Lysimachia vulgaris (LV), used as a traditional and medicinal food in East Asia was evaluated for lipogenesis decreasing effects. Activity-guided fractionation was performed, and the isolated compounds were identified using spectroscopic methods. We conducted in vitro real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting as well as histological and biochemical analyses following in vivo treatments. Using a high-fat diet animal model, we confirmed that LV extracts (LVE) decreased lipogenic metabolism and restored liver function to control levels. To identify active components, we conducted activity-guided fractionation and then isolated compounds. Two compounds, loliolide and pinoresinol, were identified in the dichloromethane fraction, and they significantly attenuated the expression levels of lipogenic factors including sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Importantly, loliolide and pinoresinol significantly accelerated the protein degradation of LXRs by enhanced ubiquitination, which inhibited lipogenesis. These results suggest that loliolide and pinoresinol might be potential candidate supplementary treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by reducing lipogenesis through increased ubiquitination of LXRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Natural Products Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Jhin
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ruyl Ahn
- Natural Products Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Gyhye Yoo
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Products Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Gangneung 25451 , Republic of Korea
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28
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Mazur M, Gładkowski W, Pawlak A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Maciejewska G, Wawrzeńczyk C. Microbial Asymmetric Functionalization of β-Cyclocitral-Derived Tetramethyl-Substituted γ-Lactone. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040666. [PMID: 30781874 PMCID: PMC6412764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for the new anticancer compounds we prepared three new β-cyclocitral-derived hydroxyl-γ-lactones by microbial hydroxylation of tetramethyl-substituted bicyclic γ-lactone. The substrate was transformed by the enzymatic system of filamentous fungi. Three out of fifteen strains were selected as effective biocatalysts (Fusarium culmorum AM10, Armillaria mellea AM296, Trametes versicolor AM536). The hydroxylation processes were not only regioselective but also stereoselective. The hydroxylation products of each secondary carbon atom in the cyclohexane ring were obtained by the application of the selected fungal strains. The Fusarium culmorum AM10 introduced the hydroxy function at C-3 and C-4, Armillaria mellea AM296 incorporated the hydroxy function at C-3 and C-5 and Trametes versicolor AM536 transformed the substrate to the mixture of C-3, C-4 and C-5 hydroxylactones. The hydroxylactones obtained were enantiomericaly enriched (ee values in the range 17–99%). The in vitro antiproliferative activities of the functionalization products were also evaluated. Regardless of the hydroxy substituent location all tested lactones exhibited similar, significant activity towards selected cancer cell lines (IC50 in the range 22.8–33.9 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Mazur
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Central Laboratory of the Instrumental Analysis, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Methanolic Extract of Rhizoma Coptidis Inhibits the Early Viral Entry Steps of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120669. [PMID: 30486350 PMCID: PMC6315547 DOI: 10.3390/v10120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) remains an important public health threat with approximately 170 million carriers worldwide who are at risk of developing hepatitis C-associated end-stage liver diseases. Despite improvement of HCV treatment using the novel direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting viral replication, there is a lack of prophylactic measures for protection against HCV infection. Identifying novel antivirals such as those that target viral entry could help broaden the therapeutic arsenal against HCV. Herein, we investigated the anti-HCV activity of the methanolic extract from Rhizoma coptidis (RC), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine documented by the WHO and experimentally reported to possess several pharmacological functions including antiviral effects. Using the cell culture-derived HCV system, we demonstrated that RC dose-dependently inhibited HCV infection of Huh-7.5 cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In particular, RC blocked HCV attachment and entry/fusion into the host cells without exerting any significant effect on the cell-free viral particles or modulating key host cell entry factors to HCV. Moreover, RC robustly suppressed HCV pseudoparticles infection of Huh-7.5 cells and impeded infection by several HCV genotypes. Collectively, our results identified RC as a potent antagonist to HCV entry with potential pan-genotypic properties, which deserves further evaluation for use as an anti-HCV agent.
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30
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Kamei H, Noguchi K, Matsuda H, Murata K. Screening of Euphorbiaceae Plant Extracts for Anti-5α-reductase. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1307-1310. [PMID: 30068884 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our research program to find novel agents for alopecia from natural plant resources, we screened Euphorbiaceae plant extracts using an anti-5α-reductase assay. Among the samples tested, the extract of Phyllanthus urinaria showed the most potent activity with 24.3 and 64.6% inhibition at 50 and 200 µg/mL against the enzyme, respectively. The extract also suppressed the androgen activity of dihydrotestosterone in LNCaP cell line. These results show that the extract of P. urinaria may be a multi-potent agent for androgen-derived alopecia. We tested for activity on a hair regrowth model using mice. The extract of P. urinaria showed hair regrowth activity at 5 mg/mouse/d administration. Furthermore, the active principle for anti-5α-reductase activity was determined as stigmasterol glucoside from activity-guided fractionation and the IC50 was 27.2 µM. These results suggest that extract of P. urinaria may be a promising candidate anti-alopecia agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazuya Murata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University.,Antiaging Center, Kindai University
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31
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Nisar MF, He J, Ahmed A, Yang Y, Li M, Wan C. Chemical Components and Biological Activities of the Genus Phyllanthus: A Review of the Recent Literature. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102567. [PMID: 30297661 PMCID: PMC6222918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have served humans since prehistoric times to treat various ailments. Both developed and underdeveloped countries rely on traditional systems of medication using natural sources from plants. Phyllanthus is one of the largest genus in the family Phyllanthaceae, comprising over 700 well known species cosmopolitan in distribution mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Phyllanthus species are being in constant used in traditional medications to cure an array of human diseases (constipation, inhalation related, arthritis, loss of appetite, injuries, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea, running nose, common cold, malaria, blennorrhagia, colic, diabetes mellitus, dysentery, indigestion, fever, gout, gonorrheal diseases of males and females, skin itching, jaundice, hepatic disorders, leucorrhea, vaginitis, menstrual irregularities, obesity, stomach pains, and tumors), confectionaries, food industry, and in some pesticides. Phyllanthus species are rich in diversity of phytochemicals e.g., tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, glycosidic compounds, saponins, and flavones etc. More in depth studies are a direly needed to identify more compounds with specific cellular functions to treat various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Junwei He
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Arsalan Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Mingxi Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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32
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Geethangili M, Ding ST. A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Phyllanthus urinaria L. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1109. [PMID: 30327602 PMCID: PMC6174540 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Phyllanthus (L.) is one of the most important groups of plants belonging to the Phyllantaceae family. Phyllanthus urinaria (L.) is an annual perennial herbal species found in tropical Asia, America, China, and the Indian Ocean islands. P. urinaria is used in folk medicine as a cure to treat jaundice, diabetes, malaria, and liver diseases. This review provides traditional knowledge, phytochemistry, and biological activities of P. urinaria. The literature reviewed for this article was obtained from the Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar journal papers published prior to December 2017. Phytochemical investigations reveal that the plant is a rich source of lignans, tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and other secondary metabolites. Pharmacological activities include anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective effects. Thus, this present review summarizes the phytochemical constituents and their biological activities including biological studies on various crude extracts and fractions both in vitro and in vivo, and on clinical trial information about P. urinaria. This review compiles 93 naturally occurring compounds from P. urinaria along with their structures and pharmacological activities. The review is expected to stimulate further research on P. urinaria, and its pharmacological potential to yield novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Park SH, Choi E, Kim S, Kim DS, Kim JH, Chang S, Choi JS, Park KJ, Roh KB, Lee J, Yoo BC, Cho JY. Oxidative Stress-Protective and Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Loliolide and Ethanol Extract from Fresh Water Green Algae, Prasiola japonica. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092825. [PMID: 30231594 PMCID: PMC6164637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loliolide is a monoterpenoid hydroxylactone found in many algae, including fresh water green algae, Prasiola japonica. To date, loliolide and compounds in P. japonica have not been studied systematically with respect to skin pharmacology. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress-protective and anti-melanogenic effects of loliolide and P. japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE), known to contain loliolide, in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cells. Loliolide suppressed the transcription of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS), which were induced in HaCaT cells by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment. Loliolide and Pj-EE not only reduced the melanin secretion and content in B16F10 cells but also increased the expression of the antioxidant proteins nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in HaCaT cells subjected to H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, loliolide and Pj-EE decreased expression of the anti-melanogenic protein microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in B16F10 cells subjected to α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) treatment. Our findings demonstrate that loliolide and Pj-EE have antioxidant and anti-melanogenic effects on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Eunju Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Dong Sam Kim
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Korea.
| | - SeokGu Chang
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Korea.
| | - Jae Seok Choi
- Environmental Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Kyung Ja Park
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Korea.
| | | | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Biomarker Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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(4R,6S)-2-Dihydromenisdaurilide is a Butenolide that Efficiently Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29969. [PMID: 27426693 PMCID: PMC4947960 DOI: 10.1038/srep29969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Without a vaccine, hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a significant threat, putting 170–300 million carriers worldwide at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the direct-acting antivirals targeting HCV replication have revolutionized the treatment of hepatitis C, several obstacles persist, including resistance development, potential side-effects, and the prohibitive cost that limits their availability. Furthermore, treatment of HCV re-infection in liver transplantation remains a significant challenge. Developing novel antivirals that target viral entry could help expand the scope of HCV therapeutics and treatment strategies. Herein, we report (4R,6S)-2-dihydromenisdaurilide (DHMD), a natural butenolide, as an efficient inhibitor of HCV entry. Specifically, DHMD potently inhibited HCV infection at non-cytotoxic concentration. Examination on the viral life cycle demonstrated that DHMD selectively targeted the early steps of infection while leaving viral replication/translation and assembly/release unaffected. Furthermore, DHMD did not induce an antiviral interferon response. Mechanistic dissection of HCV entry revealed that DHMD could inactivate cell-free virus, abrogate viral attachment, and inhibit viral entry/fusion, with the most pronounced effect observed against the viral adsorption phase as validated using ELISA and confocal microscopy. Due to its potency, DHMD may be of value for further development as an entry inhibitor against HCV, particularly for application in transplant setting.
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