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Danchin A. Artificial intelligence-based prediction of pathogen emergence and evolution in the world of synthetic biology. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e70014. [PMID: 39364593 PMCID: PMC11450380 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new techniques in both microbial biotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) is opening up a completely new field for monitoring and sometimes even controlling the evolution of pathogens. However, the now famous generative AI extracts and reorganizes prior knowledge from large datasets, making it poorly suited to making predictions in an unreliable future. In contrast, an unfamiliar perspective can help us identify key issues related to the emergence of new technologies, such as those arising from synthetic biology, whilst revisiting old views of AI or including generative AI as a generator of abduction as a resource. This could enable us to identify dangerous situations that are bound to emerge in the not-too-distant future, and prepare ourselves to anticipate when and where they will occur. Here, we emphasize the fact that amongst the many causes of pathogen outbreaks, often driven by the explosion of the human population, laboratory accidents are a major cause of epidemics. This review, limited to animal pathogens, concludes with a discussion of potential epidemic origins based on unusual organisms or associations of organisms that have rarely been highlighted or studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Danchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li KaShing Faculty of MedicineHong Kong UniversityPokfulamSAR Hong KongChina
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2
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Mehta SK, Pradhan RB. Phytochemicals in antiviral drug development against human respiratory viruses. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104107. [PMID: 39032810 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the potential antiviral properties of various plant-based compounds, including polyphenols, phytochemicals, and terpenoids. It emphasizes the diverse functionalities of compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), quercetin, griffithsin (GRFT,) resveratrol, linalool, and carvacrol in the context of respiratory virus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Emphasizing their effectiveness in modulating immune responses, disrupting viral envelopes, and influencing cellular signaling pathways, the review underlines the imperative for thorough research to establish safety and efficacy. Additionally, the review underscores the necessity of well-designed clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these compounds as potential antiviral agents. This approach would establish a robust framework for future drug development efforts focused on bolstering host defense mechanisms against human respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Kant Mehta
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, PIN 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ran Bahadur Pradhan
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, PIN 796004, Mizoram, India
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Febbo J, Revels J, Ketai L. Viral Pneumonias. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2024; 38:163-182. [PMID: 38280762 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is usually community acquired and caused by influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus. Many of these infections are airway centric and chest imaging demonstrates bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia, With the exception of adenovirus infections, the presence of lobar consolidation usually suggests bacterial coinfection. Community-acquired viral pathogens can cause more severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts, who are also susceptible to CMV and varicella infection. These latter 2 pathogens are less likely to manifest the striking airway-centric pattern. Airway-centric pattern is distinctly uncommon in Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, a rare environmentally acquired infection with high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Febbo
- University of New Mexico, 2211 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Jonathan Revels
- University of New Mexico, 2211 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Loren Ketai
- Department of Radiology, MSC 10 5530, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
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4
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Li Z, Li B, Liu M, Chen Z, Li P, Du R, Su M, Anirudhan V, Achi JG, Tian J, Rong L, Cui Q. Development of a virus-based affinity ultrafiltration method for screening virus-surface-protein-targeted compounds from complex matrixes: Herbal medicines as a case study. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29517. [PMID: 38476091 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Herbal medicines (HMs) are one of the main sources for the development of lead antiviral compounds. However, due to the complex composition of HMs, the screening of active compounds within these is inefficient and requires a significant time investment. We report a novel and efficient virus-based screening method for antiviral active compounds in HMs. This method involves the centrifugal ultrafiltration of viruses, known as the virus-based affinity ultrafiltration method (VAUM). This method is suitable to identify virus specific active compounds from complex matrices such as HMs. The effectiveness of the VAUM was evaluated using influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1. Using this method, four compounds that bind to the surface protein of H1N1 were identified from dried fruits of Terminalia chebula (TC). Through competitive inhibition assays, the influenza surface protein, neuraminidase (NA), was identified as the target protein of these four TC-derived compounds. Three compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and their anti-H1N1 activities were verified by examining the cytopathic effect (CPE) and by performing a virus yield reduction assay. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that these three compounds directly bind to NA and inhibit its activity. In summary, we describe here a VAUM that we designed, one that can be used to accurately screen antiviral active compounds in HMs and also help improve the efficiency of screening antiviral drugs found in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baohong Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zinuo Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruikun Du
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Su
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Varada Anirudhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jazmin G Achi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Innovative Institute of Chinse Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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5
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Kilduff S, Steinman B, Xie Y, Kiss-Farengo T, Foca M, Hayde N. Pet safety guidelines for pediatric transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14527. [PMID: 37550270 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% (90.5 million) of United States (US) households own at least one pet. Dogs are the most common, making up about 38% of all household pets, followed by cats, which make up 25%. Other pets such as fish, birds, reptiles, and small animals such as hamsters, gerbils, and rabbits are less common household members. Pets are often considered a part of the family and there are significant medical and psychosocial benefits to pet ownership; however, the possibility of disease transmission exists related to the type of animal and infectious organism, and specific human risk factors. Immunocompromised individuals may be at increased risk of serious illness from zoonotic infections. During the transplant evaluation and routinely posttransplant, the multidisciplinary team should inquire about pet ownership and animal exposures to guide on potential risks. This review discusses the most common diseases seen in various household pets including dogs, cats, birds, fish, and some farm animals. We will also present guidelines for pet safety and include strategies to decrease the risk of infection while supporting the benefits of pet ownership after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kilduff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Steinman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yuping Xie
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tomas Kiss-Farengo
- Department of Social Work, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Marc Foca
- Divison of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Hayde
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
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Fauziah I, Nugroho HA, Yanthi ND, Tiffarent R, Saputra S. Potential zoonotic spillover at the human-animal interface: A mini-review. Vet World 2024; 17:289-302. [PMID: 38595670 PMCID: PMC11000462 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.289-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildlife markets and wet wildlife markets, a type of human-animal interface, are commonly trading centers for wild-caught and captive-exotic animals as well as their products. These markets provide an ideal environment for spillovers of zoonotic and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). These conditions may raise serious concerns, particularly in relation to wildlife species that frequently interact with humans and domestic animals. EIDs pose a significant risk to humans, ecosystems, and public health, as demonstrated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, and other previous outbreaks, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. Even though it seems appears impossible to eliminate EIDs, we may still be able to minimalize the risks and take several measures to prevent new EIDs originated from animals. The aim of this study was to review several types of human-animal interfaces with a high risk of zoonotic spillover, infectious agents, and animal hosts or reservoirs. Identifying those factors will support the development of interventions and effective disease control in human-animal interface settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ima Fauziah
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Herjuno Ari Nugroho
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nova Dilla Yanthi
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rida Tiffarent
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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El-Kafrawy SA, Alsayed SM, Faizo AA, Bajrai LH, Uthman NA, Alsaeed MS, Hassan AM, Alquthami KM, Alandijany TA, Zumla A, Azhar EI. Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23027. [PMID: 38163192 PMCID: PMC10755270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of transmission of respiratory tract infections is considerably enhanced at mass gathering (MG) religious events. Hajj is an annual Islamic MG event with approximately 3 million Muslim pilgrims from over 180 countries concentrated in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of influenza viruses circulating among pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage. We performed a cross-sectional analytical study where nasopharyngeal swabs (NPs) from pilgrims with respiratory tract illnesses presenting to healthcare facilities during the 2019 Hajj were screened for influenza viruses. Influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages were determined by multiplex RT-PCR for positive influenza samples. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the hemagglutination (HA) gene. Out of 185 nasopharyngeal samples, 54 were positive for the human influenza virus. Of these, 27 were influenza A H1N1 and 19 H3N2, 4 were untypable influenza A, and 4 were influenza B. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H1N1 and H3N2 strains differentiated into different and independent genetic groups and formed close clusters with selected strains of influenza viruses from various locations. To conclude, this study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of circulating influenza A subtypes among pilgrims during the Hajj Season. There is a need for further larger studies to investigate in-depth the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses during Hajj seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M. Alsayed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Uthman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneerah S. Alsaeed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London Royal Free Campus, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sameni M, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Dadashkhan S, Ghani S, Abbasi M, Noori E, Zali H. COVID-19: A novel holistic systems biology approach to predict its molecular mechanisms (in vitro) and repurpose drugs. Daru 2023; 31:155-171. [PMID: 37597114 PMCID: PMC10624792 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 strangely kills some youth with no history of physical weakness, and in addition to the lungs, it may even directly harm other organs. Its complex mechanism has led to the loss of any significantly effective drug, and some patients with severe forms still die daily. Common methods for identifying disease mechanisms and drug design are often time-consuming or reductionist. Here, we use a novel holistic systems biology approach to predict its molecular mechanisms (in vitro), significant molecular relations with SARS, and repurpose drugs. METHODS We have utilized its relative phylogenic similarity to SARS. Using the available omics data for SARS and the fewer data for COVID-19 to decode the mechanisms and their significant relations, We applied the Cytoscape analyzer, MCODE, STRING, and DAVID tools to predict the topographically crucial molecules, clusters, protein interaction mappings, and functional analysis. We also applied a novel approach to identify the significant relations between the two infections using the Fischer exact test for MCODE clusters. We then constructed and analyzed a drug-gene network using PharmGKB and DrugBank (retrieved using the dgidb). RESULTS Some of the shared identified crucial molecules, BPs and pathways included Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, Influenza A, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Besides, our identified crucial molecules specific to host response against SARS-CoV-2 included FGA, BMP4, PRPF40A, and IFI16. CONCLUSION We also introduced seven new repurposed candidate drugs based on the drug-gene network analysis for the identified crucial molecules. Therefore, we suggest that our newly recommended repurposed drugs be further investigated in Vitro and in Vivo against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dadashkhan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sepideh Ghani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Zhino-Gene Research Services Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Noori
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kang Y, Shi Y, Xu S. Arbidol: The current demand, strategies, and antiviral mechanisms. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e984. [PMID: 37647451 PMCID: PMC10461429 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High morbidity and mortality of influenza virus infection have made it become one of the most lethal diseases threatening public health; the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against virus strains exacerbates the problem. METHODS Two independent researchers searched relevant studies using Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases from its inception to December 2022. RESULTS Based on the different antiviral mechanisms, current antiviral strategies can be mainly classified into virus-targeting approaches such as neuraminidase inhibitors, matrix protein 2 ion channel inhibitors, polymerase acidic protein inhibitors and other host-targeting antivirals. However, highly viral gene mutation has underscored the necessity of novel antiviral drug development. Arbidol (ARB) is a Russian-made indole-derivative small molecule licensed in Russia and China for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other respiratory viral infections. ARB also has inhibitory effects on many other viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Coxsackie virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Hantaan virus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. ARB is a promising drug which can not only exert activity against virus at different steps of virus replication cycle, but also directly target on hosts before infection to prevent virus invasion. CONCLUSION ARB is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that inhibits several viruses in vivo and in vitro, with high safety profile and low resistance; the antiviral mechanisms of ARB deserve to be further explored and more high-quality clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and safety of ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of NeurodegenerationSchool of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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10
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Golagana V, Venkataraman R, Mani AK, Rajan ER, Ramakrishnan N, Vidyasagar DD. Epidemiology and Outcomes of HIN1 Pneumonia in ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023; 27:470-474. [PMID: 37502296 PMCID: PMC10369317 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pandemic influenza H1N1/09 emerged for the first time in April 2009 and has spread widely across India since then. The number of cases have increased over time with the increasing need for respiratory support, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the clinical course and outcomes of patients infected with Influenza A (H1N1) admitted to three multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICU) in Chennai. Materials and methods We performed a combined retrospective and prospective observational study of all patients admitted with H1N1 pneumonia at three multidisciplinary ICUs in Chennai from October 1, 2018, to January 31, 2019. Data including demographics, risk factors, and clinical courses were recorded. Outcome data including mortality was tracked up to 28 days. Results A total of 167 patients were admitted during the study period of which 154 were included in this analysis. The mean age of presentation was 58.2 ± 15.6 years and 59.1% of them were males. The mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) IV and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were 62.8 ± 23.2 and 5.8 ± 3.9 respectively. Oxygen delivery devices were required in 25.3% for a mean duration of 26.5 ± 5.7 hours. Non-invasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was needed in 33.1% of patients for 59.9 ± 64.5 hours. The proportion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation was 41.6%. Rescue measures in the form of proning, use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) were initiated for refractory hypoxemia in 26.6%, 14.1%, and 6.3% respectively. The mean duration of ventilator support was 8.5 ± 8 days. Tracheostomy was required in 20.3% of patients and 7.8% were ventilator dependent at 28 days. The mean ICU and Hospital length of stay were 8.3 ± 10.3 and 12.2 ± 14.1 days respectively and overall 28-day mortality was 20.1%. Conclusion A significant proportion of H1N1 patients admitted to the ICU required high-level respiratory support including non-invasive ventilation (NIV), HFNC, or invasive ventilation. Deployment of rescue therapies was common and the overall mortality rate was similar to those reported from Western countries. How to cite this article Golagana V, Venkataraman R, Mani AK, Rajan ER, Ramakrishnan N, Vidyasagar DD. Epidemiology and Outcomes of HIN1 Pneumonia in ICU. Indian J Crit Care Med 2023;27(7):470-474.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinya Golagana
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramesh Venkataraman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashwin K Mani
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo First Med Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ebenezer Rabindra Rajan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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ul Haq Z, Mehmood U, Tariq S, Hanif A, Nawaz H. Role of meteorological parameters with the spread of Covid-19 in Pakistan: application of autoregressive distributed lag approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2023; 21:1-22. [PMID: 37360555 PMCID: PMC10249560 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-023-04997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the impacts of different meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and evapotranspiration) on the transmission of Covid-19 in the administrative regions and provinces of Pakistan, i.e., Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad, Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan from June 10, 2020, to August 31, 2021. This study analyzes the relation between Covid-19-confirmed cases and the meteorological parameters with the help of the autoregressive distributed lag model. In this research, additional tools (t-statistics, f-statistics, and time series analysis) are used for the motive of examining the linear relationship, the productivity of the model, and for the significant association between dependent and independent variables, lnccc and lnevp, lnhum, lnrain, lntemp, respectively. Values of t-statistics and f-statistics reveal that variables have a connection and individual significance for the model exist. Time series display that the Covid-19 spread increased from June 10, 2020, to August 31, 2021, in Pakistan. Temperature positively influenced the Covid-19-confirmed cases in all provinces of Pakistan in the long run. Evapotranspiration and rainfall influenced positively, while specific humidity influenced negatively on the confirmed Covid-19 cases in Azad Jammu Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Punjab. Specific humidity had a positive impact, while evapotranspiration and rainfall had the negative impact on the Covid-19-confirmed cases in Sindh and Balochistan. Evapotranspiration and specific humidity influenced positively, while rainfall influenced the Covid-19-confirmed cases negatively in Gilgit Baltistan. Evapotranspiration influenced positively, while specific humidity and rainfall influenced negatively on the Covid-19-confirmed cases in Islamabad. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-023-04997-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. ul Haq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - U. Mehmood
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of political science, University of management and technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S. Tariq
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A. Hanif
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Department of Space Science, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H. Nawaz
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab, National Center of GIS and Space Applications, Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, New-Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Chan-Zapata I, Borges-Argáez R, Ayora-Talavera G. Quinones as Promising Compounds against Respiratory Viruses: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:1981. [PMID: 36838969 PMCID: PMC9967002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a world public health problem, giving rise to annual seasonal epidemics and several pandemics caused by some of these viruses, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, which continues to date. Some antiviral drugs have been licensed for the treatment of influenza, but they cause side effects and lead to resistant viral strains. Likewise, aerosolized ribavirin is the only drug approved for the therapy of infections by the respiratory syncytial virus, but it possesses various limitations. On the other hand, no specific drugs are licensed to treat other viral respiratory diseases. In this sense, natural products and their derivatives have appeared as promising alternatives in searching for new compounds with antiviral activity. Besides their chemical properties, quinones have demonstrated interesting biological activities, including activity against respiratory viruses. This review summarizes the activity against respiratory viruses and their molecular targets by the different types of quinones (both natural and synthetic). Thus, the present work offers a general overview of the importance of quinones as an option for the future pharmacological treatment of viral respiratory infections, subject to additional studies that support their effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chan-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Departamento de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Paseo de Las Fuentes, Merida 97225, Mexico
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13
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Fadaei A. Study of solid waste (municipal and medical) management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a review study. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:559-566. [PMID: 34529904 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a global emergency crisis and created waste management challenges worldwide. Such a critical point has changed solid waste (municipal and medical) management prospects and posed fact challenges to the health decision-makers and policy-makers to make decisions to ensure sustainable management of the environment. One of the most negative prospects of COVID-19 pandemic is the increased waste generation, especially plastic waste in developing and developed countries. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and municipal waste, and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in several countries. The results show that the highest and lowest quality of final disposal is observed in Finland with 75% recycling and in India with 90% open dumping, respectively. In many countries, the medical waste showed an increase by 350-500%.The pandemic has brought particular problems to the disposal capacity of municipal waste and medical waste across the world. We think that this point of view study provides valuable data for scientists, policy makers, health decision-makers, consultants, medical staff, medical supplies, those working in public health sector, and field engineers responsible for solid waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Fadaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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14
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Zhu H, Li X, Chen H, Qian P. Genetic characterization and pathogenicity of a Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza reassortant virus. Virol J 2022; 19:205. [PMID: 36461007 PMCID: PMC9716174 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine influenza viruses (SIV), considered the "mixing vessels" of influenza viruses, posed a significant threat to global health systems and are dangerous pathogens. Eurasian avian-like H1N1(EA-H1N1) viruses have become predominant in swine populations in China since 2016. METHODS Lung tissue samples were obtained from pregnant sows with miscarriage and respiratory disease in Heilongjiang province, and pathogens were detected by Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PCR. The nucleic acid of isolates was extracted to detect SIV by RT-PCR. Then, SIV-positive samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs. After successive generations, the isolates were identified by RT-PCR, IFA, WB and TEM. The genetic evolution and pathogenicity to mice of A/swine/Heilongjiang/GN/2020 were analyzed. RESULTS The major pathogens were influenza virus (31%), Simbu orthobunyavirus (15%) and Jingmen tick virus (8%) by NGS, while the pathogen that can cause miscarriage and respiratory disease was influenza virus. The SIV(A/swine/Heilongjiang/GN/2020) with hemagglutination activity was isolated from lung samples and was successfully identified by RT-PCR, IFA, WB and TEM. Homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that A/swine/Heilongjiang/GN/2020 is most closely related to A/swine/Henan/SN/10/2018 and belonged to EA-H1N1. Pathogenicity in mice showed that the EA-H1N1 could cause lethal or exhibit extrapulmonary virus spread and cause severe damage to respiratory tracts effectively proliferating in lung and trachea. CONCLUSION A/swine/Heilongjiang/GN/2020 (EA-H1N1) virus was isolated from pregnant sows with miscarriage and respiratory disease in Heilongjiang province, China. Clinical signs associated with influenza infection were observed during 14 days with A/swine/Heilongjiang/GN/2020 infected mice. These data suggest that A/swine/Heilongjiang/GN/2020 (EA-H1N1) had high pathogenicity and could be systemic spread in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechao Zhu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Ping Qian
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
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15
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Chavda V, Bezbaruah R, Kalita T, Sarma A, Devi JR, Bania R, Apostolopoulos V. Variant influenza: connecting the missing dots. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1567-1585. [PMID: 36346383 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2144231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared a new pandemic, the 2009 swine influenza pandemic (swine flu). The symptoms of the swine flu pandemic causing strain were comparable to most of the symptoms noted by seasonal influenza. AREA COVERED Zoonotic viruses that caused the swine flu pandemic and its preventive measures. EXPERT OPINION As per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the clinical manifestations in humans produced by the 2009 H1N1 'swine flu' virus were equivalent to the manifestations caused by related flu strains. The H1N1 vaccination was the most successful prophylactic measure since it prevented the virus from spreading and reduced the intensity and consequences of the pandemic. Despite the availability of therapeutics, the ongoing evolution and appearance of new strains have made it difficult to develop effective vaccines and therapies. Currently, the CDC recommends yearly flu immunization for those aged 6 months and above. The lessons learned from the A/2009/H1N1 pandemic in 2009 indicated that readiness of mankind toward new illnesses caused by mutant viral subtypes that leap from animals to people must be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Tutumoni Kalita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Regional College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RIPT Group of Institution, Sonapur, Guwahati, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Hatkhowapara, Azara, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Juti Rani Devi
- NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, Guwahati, India
| | - Ratnali Bania
- Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, India
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16
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Pharmacological Potential of Flavonoids against Neurotropic Viruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091149. [PMID: 36145370 PMCID: PMC9502241 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a group of natural compounds that have been described in the literature as having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective compounds. Although they are considered versatile molecules, little has been discussed about their antiviral activities for neurotropic viruses. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological potential of flavonoids in the face of viruses that can affect the central nervous system (CNS). We carried out research from 2011 to 2021 using the Pubmed platform. The following were excluded: articles not in the English language, letters to editors, review articles and papers that did not include any experimental or clinical tests, and papers that showed antiviral activities against viruses that do not infect human beings. The inclusion criteria were in silico predictions and preclinical pharmacological studies, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, and clinical studies with flavonoids, flavonoid fractions and extracts that were active against neurotropic viruses. The search resulted in 205 articles that were sorted per virus type and discussed, considering the most cited antiviral activities. Our investigation shows the latest relevant data about flavonoids that have presented a wide range of actions against viruses that affect the CNS, mainly influenza, hepatitis C and others, such as the coronavirus, enterovirus, and arbovirus. Considering that these molecules present well-known anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities, using flavonoids that have demonstrated both neuroprotective and antiviral effects could be viewed as an alternative for therapy in the course of CNS infections.
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Ngashangva L, Hemdan BA, El-Liethy MA, Bachu V, Minteer SD, Goswami P. Emerging Bioanalytical Devices and Platforms for Rapid Detection of Pathogens in Environmental Samples. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071083. [PMID: 35888900 PMCID: PMC9321031 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of robust bioanalytical devices and biosensors for infectious pathogens is progressing well with the advent of new materials, concepts, and technology. The progress is also stepping towards developing high throughput screening technologies that can quickly identify, differentiate, and determine the concentration of harmful pathogens, facilitating the decision-making process for their elimination and therapeutic interventions in large-scale operations. Recently, much effort has been focused on upgrading these analytical devices to an intelligent technological platform by integrating them with modern communication systems, such as the internet of things (IoT) and machine learning (ML), to expand their application horizon. This review outlines the recent development and applications of bioanalytical devices and biosensors to detect pathogenic microbes in environmental samples. First, the nature of the recent outbreaks of pathogenic microbes such as foodborne, waterborne, and airborne pathogens and microbial toxins are discussed to understand the severity of the problems. Next, the discussion focuses on the detection systems chronologically, starting with the conventional methods, advanced techniques, and emerging technologies, such as biosensors and other portable devices and detection platforms for pathogens. Finally, the progress on multiplex assays, wearable devices, and integration of smartphone technologies to facilitate pathogen detection systems for wider applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lightson Ngashangva
- Transdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala 695014, India;
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (B.A.H.); (V.B.)
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Azab El-Liethy
- Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt;
| | - Vinay Bachu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (B.A.H.); (V.B.)
| | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (P.G.)
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India; (B.A.H.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.M.); (P.G.)
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18
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Shanina E, Kuhaudomlarp S, Siebs E, Fuchsberger FF, Denis M, da Silva Figueiredo Celestino Gomes P, Clausen MH, Seeberger PH, Rognan D, Titz A, Imberty A, Rademacher C. Targeting undruggable carbohydrate recognition sites through focused fragment library design. Commun Chem 2022; 5:64. [PMID: 36697615 PMCID: PMC9814205 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-protein interactions are key for cell-cell and host-pathogen recognition and thus, emerged as viable therapeutic targets. However, their hydrophilic nature poses major limitations to the conventional development of drug-like inhibitors. To address this shortcoming, four fragment libraries were screened to identify metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs) as novel scaffolds for inhibition of Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate-protein interactions. Here, we show the effect of MBPs on the clinically relevant lectins DC-SIGN, Langerin, LecA and LecB. Detailed structural and biochemical investigations revealed the specificity of MBPs for different Ca2+-dependent lectins. Exploring the structure-activity relationships of several fragments uncovered the functional groups in the MBPs suitable for modification to further improve lectin binding and selectivity. Selected inhibitors bound efficiently to DC-SIGN-expressing cells. Altogether, the discovery of MBPs as a promising class of Ca2+-dependent lectin inhibitors creates a foundation for fragment-based ligand design for future drug discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shanina
- grid.419564.b0000 0004 0491 9719Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sakonwan Kuhaudomlarp
- grid.450307.50000 0001 0944 2786University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eike Siebs
- grid.461899.bChemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Saarland University, Department of Chemistry, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Felix F. Fuchsberger
- grid.419564.b0000 0004 0491 9719Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Berutz Labs, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maxime Denis
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Berutz Labs, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Priscila da Silva Figueiredo Celestino Gomes
- grid.503326.10000 0004 0367 4780Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France ,grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753Department of Physics, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, 36849 Auburn, AL USA
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- grid.419564.b0000 0004 0491 9719Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Didier Rognan
- grid.503326.10000 0004 0367 4780Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Alexander Titz
- grid.461899.bChemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.11749.3a0000 0001 2167 7588Saarland University, Department of Chemistry, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Imberty
- grid.450307.50000 0001 0944 2786University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, Grenoble, France
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- grid.419564.b0000 0004 0491 9719Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Berutz Labs, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Schmalz G, Feindt L, Tanneberger F, Haak R, El Wahed AA, Truyen U, Ziebolz D. The role of toothbrush in the transmission of corona- and influenza viruses - results of an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5741-5749. [PMID: 35538330 PMCID: PMC9090306 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate viruses’ stabilities on manual toothbrushes using feline coronavirus (FeCoV) as representative of coronaviruses and an Avian influenza A virus H1N1 for influenza viruses. Material and methods Two viruses, FeCoV (Strain Munich; titer 107.5 TCID50/ml) and H1N1 (RE 230/90; titer 106.5 TCID50/ml), were used in this study. Manual toothbrushes were disassembled into bristles, bristle fixation, and back of the toothbrush head, contaminated with the viruses and air-dried for 24 h. In a second experiment, whole toothbrush heads were contaminated, rinsed with water (5 ml for 15 s) and then air-dried. Results For FeCoV, immediately after contamination, the following average titers were recovered: fixation: 106.41, back of head: 106.81 and bristles: 106.63 TCID50/ml. Following air-drying of 12 (fixation) and 24 h, titers of ≤ 102.5, 103.75, and 102.72 TCID50/ml were found in the respective groups, with a detection limit of 102.5 TCID50/ml. For H1N1, immediately after contamination, the following average titers could be recovered: fixation: 105.53, back of head: 105.97 and bristles: 105.75 TCID50/ml. Following air-drying of 8 (fixation) and 24 h, titers were ≤ 102.5, 103.63, and 103.53 TCID50/ml in the respective group, again with 102.5 TCID50/ml being the detection limit. In case of water rinse, no infectious virus could be recovered after 12 h. Conclusion Viral load of both viruses is reduced by air-drying, especially following water rinsing. Clinical relevance The toothbrush itself plays an insignificant role in the self-transmission of coronavirus and influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Feindt
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Abd El Wahed
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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20
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Febbo J, Revels J, Ketai L. Viral Pneumonias. Radiol Clin North Am 2022; 60:383-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Role of Time Scales in the Coupled Epidemic-Opinion Dynamics on Multiplex Networks. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24010105. [PMID: 35052131 PMCID: PMC8774805 DOI: 10.3390/e24010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Modelling the epidemic’s spread on multiplex networks, considering complex human behaviours, has recently gained the attention of many scientists. In this work, we study the interplay between epidemic spreading and opinion dynamics on multiplex networks. An agent in the epidemic layer could remain in one of five distinct states, resulting in the SIRQD model. The agent’s attitude towards respecting the restrictions of the pandemic plays a crucial role in its prevalence. In our model, the agent’s point of view could be altered by either conformism mechanism, social pressure, or independent actions. As the underlying opinion model, we leverage the q-voter model. The entire system constitutes a coupled opinion–dynamic model where two distinct processes occur. The question arises of how to properly align these dynamics, i.e., whether they should possess equal or disparate timescales. This paper highlights the impact of different timescales of opinion dynamics on epidemic spreading, focusing on the time and the infection’s peak.
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22
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Sabir MT, Shoukat A. Effect of Pandemic on Women Entrepreneur Sustainability and Post Pandemic Opportunity on SMEs: Case Study of South Punjab. SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS AND SOCIETY IN EMERGING ECONOMIES 2021; 3:531-544. [DOI: 10.26710/sbsee.v3i4.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The pandemic posed a major challenge to entrepreneurs around the world. Women entrepreneurs contribute significantly to economic growth. The recent pandemic situation impacted their reach to some extent, but women entrepreneurs, with their strong dedication against the crisis, succeeded during this process. Effect of pandemic on women entrepreneur sustainability is examined in this study. Design/Methodology/Approach: Entrepreneurship, Institutional and Social learning theories were used in this study. For conducting this research, the data is gathered from 309 respondents. SPSS is used for descriptive analysis and inferential analysis using the software Smart PLS 3. The provided hypothesis was analyzed in two-step approach using partial least squares structural equation modeling (Smart-PLS 3). Findings: The results show a significant link between the variables. While the pandemic as a moderator showed an insignificant relationship between women's entrepreneur orientation and women's entrepreneur sustainability in SMEs, the moderating role has significant moderation on the relationship between SMEs' growth and women's entrepreneur sustainability in SMEs. Implications/Originality/Value: Increases in women's entrepreneur orientation and SME growth resulted in increases in women's entrepreneur sustainability in SMEs, but the novelty of this study is to describe how pandemics play as moderator roles in women's entrepreneur orientation, SME growth, and women's entrepreneur sustainability in SMEs.
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Multidrug resistance crisis during COVID-19 pandemic: Role of anti-microbial peptides as next-generation therapeutics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112303. [PMID: 34952285 PMCID: PMC8685351 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decreasing effectiveness of conventional drugs due to multidrug-resistance is a major challenge for the scientific community, necessitating development of novel antimicrobial agents. In the present era of coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients are being widely exposed to antimicrobial drugs and hence the problem of multidrug-resistance shall be aggravated in the days to come. Consequently, revisiting the phenomena of multidrug resistance leading to formulation of effective antimicrobial agents is the need of the hour. As a result, this review sheds light on the looming crisis of multidrug resistance in wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the problem, significance and approaches for tackling microbial resistance with special emphasis on anti-microbial peptides as next-generation therapeutics against multidrug resistance associated diseases. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit exceptional mechanism of action enabling rapid killing of microbes at low concentration, antibiofilm activity, immunomodulatory properties along with a low tendency for resistance development providing them an edge over conventional antibiotics. The review is unique as it discusses the mode of action, pharmacodynamic properties and application of antimicrobial peptides in areas ranging from therapeutics to agriculture.
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Elebeedy D, Badawy I, Elmaaty AA, Saleh MM, Kandeil A, Ghanem A, Kutkat O, Alnajjar R, Abd El Maksoud AI, Al-Karmalawy AA. In vitro and computational insights revealing the potential inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA against influenza A virus. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105149. [PMID: 34953359 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal human influenza is a serious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses that can be found all over the world. Type A influenza is a contagious viral infection that, if left untreated, can lead to life-threatening consequences. Fortunately, the plant kingdom has many potent medicines with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Herein, six plant constituents, namely Tanshinone IIA 1, Carnosic acid 2, Rosmarinic acid 3, Glycyrrhetinic acid 4, Baicalein 5, and Salvianolic acid B 6, were screened for their antiviral activities against H1N1 virus using in vitro and in silico approaches. Hence, their anti-influenza activities were tested in vitro to determine inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values after measuring their CC50 values using MTT assay on MDCK cells. Interestingly, Tanshinone IIA (TAN) 1 was the most promising member with CC50 = 9.678 μg/ml. Moreover, the plaque reduction assay carried on TAN 1 revealed promising viral inhibition percentages of 97.9%, 95.8%, 94.4%, and 91.7% using concentrations 0.05 μg/μl, 0.025 μg/μl, 0.0125 μg/μl, and 0.006 μg/μl, respectively. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking disclosed the superior affinities of Salvianolic acid B (SAL) 6 towards both surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus (namely, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)). The docked complexes of both SAL and TAN inside HA and NA receptor pockets were selected for 100 ns MD simulations followed by MM-GBSA binding free energy calculation to confirm the docking results and give more insights regarding the stability of both compounds inside influenza mentioned receptors, respectively. The selection criteria of the previously mentioned complexes were based on the fact that SAL showed the highest docking scores on both viral HA and NA glycoproteins whereas TAN achieved the best inhibitory activity on the other hand. Finally, we urge more advanced preclinical and clinical research, particularly for TAN, which could be used to treat the human influenza A virus effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Elebeedy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ingy Badawy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, 42526, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Ahmed I Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
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25
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Sustainability Performance Evaluation of Faceshield Bracket Manufacturing by Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Faceshield brackets were among highly relevant products manufactured in various workshops, including Sigma Clermont, during the outbreak of COVID-19 to tackle acute shortages of personal protective equipment. However, many of these products are yet to be checked for appropriateness in design, quality, safety, comfort, and overall sustainability performance which might lead to unknown damages to human health and the environment. Thus, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the sustainable performance of Faceshield bracket manufacturing. Appropriate data are collected from designers, machine operators, and supplementary data are utilized from experts’ opinions and literature. A total of 38 carefully selected indicator sets are utilized while applying multicriteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the sustainability performance of these manufacturing processes. Evaluation is performed to examine the processes’ sustainability performance and associated indicator contribution based on the three dimensions. Results disclosed that 3D printing (score = 0.108) showed better performance for the environment, and injection molding showed better economic and social performance, with scores of 0.1922 and 0.160, respectively. A detailed contribution of each subcriteria for each sustainability dimension and each of the three processes as well as major contributing indicators are identified and discussed. Finally, overall performance was assessed using the total sum approach, and Borda count methodology and injection molding showed better sustainability performance in the manufacturing of Faceshield brackets considered with scores of 43 and 87, respectively. The authors believe that indicator selection approaches and overall methodology followed for this study will be relevant for future sustainability evaluation of engineering products.
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26
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Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on Society, Environment, Economy, and Education. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic changes across the globe, affecting all areas of life. This paper provides a comprehensive study on the influence of COVID-19 in various fields such as the economy, education, society, the environment, and globalization. In this study, both the positive and negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on education are studied. Modern technologies are combined with conventional teaching to improve the communication between instructors and learners. COVID-19 also greatly affected people with disabilities and those who are older, with these persons experiencing more complications in their normal routine activities. Additionally, COVID-19 provided negative impacts on world economies, greatly affecting the business, agriculture, entertainment, tourism, and service sectors. The impact of COVID-19 on these sectors is also investigated in this study, and this study provides some meaningful insights and suggestions for revitalizing the tourism sector. The association between globalization and travel restrictions is studied. In addition to economic and human health concerns, the influence of a lockdown on environmental health is also investigated. During periods of lockdown, the amount of pollutants in the air, soil, and water was significantly reduced. This study motivates researchers to investigate the positive and negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in various unexplored areas.
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27
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Suo L, Yu X, Hu Y, Cao H, Zou X, Wang P, Xu T, Zhou X, Wu Y, Ren L, Liu B, Cao B. Sirolimus combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid treatment for a puerpera with severe pneumonia caused by 2009 pandemic H1N1: A case report. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021; 3:343-350. [PMID: 34805966 PMCID: PMC8590738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe pneumonia in patients infected with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus was partially attributed to excessive immune response. Anti-virus treatment for these patients was insufficient. Here we reported the therapy effect of sirolimus, an immunosuppressor, combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid for a puerpera with severe pneumonia caused by pH1N1 virus. This patient has infected with the pH1N1 virus in late pregnancy, and antiviral therapy was not implemented timely. She developed severe pneumonia and ARDS rapidly and need receive a cesarean section on the 39th week after pregnancy. After giving birth to a healthy baby, she received a combination of oseltamivir, sirolimus and corticosteroid, and improved in the following days. Moreover, the cytokines in serum and viral loads in BALF decreased significantly. She recovered without infectious symptoms and was discharged. Sirolimus combined with oseltamivir and corticosteroid is likely responsible for lowering the viral loads, reducing the patient's cytokine level, and further improving her clinical outcomes. It provides evidence that adjuvant treatment was beneficial to patients with severe pneumonia induced by the pH1N1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Suo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology & Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology & Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo 255400, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongyun Cao
- Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology & Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo 255400, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peiquan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Yexin Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China.,Zibo City Key Laboratory of Respiratory Infection and Clinical Microbiology & Zibo City Engineering Technology Research Center of Etiology Molecular Diagnosis, Zibo 255400, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo 255400, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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The mechanisms and clinical application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Lianhua-Qingwen capsule. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111998. [PMID: 34385103 PMCID: PMC8352581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lianhua-Qingwen capsule (LQC) is a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in China and has 11 herb components. The main active ingredient can target specific molecules and perform many clinic treatment roles. LQC has been authorized by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003, type A influenza virus HIN1 pandemic in 2009, H7N9, H3N2 and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) in 2020. It is also widely used to treat common cold with wind-heat syndrome, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), amygdalitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This article summarizes the advanced research progress of LQC in clinical application, mechanisms and provides new clues in the clinical application of LQC.
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29
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Reply to Zhang and Zhu "MicroRNA Mimics or Inhibitors as Antiviral Therapeutic Approaches Against COVID-19". Drugs 2021; 81:1693-1695. [PMID: 34453691 PMCID: PMC8397847 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Jakovljevic B, Stojanovic K, Nikolic Turnic T, Jakovljevic VL. Burnout of Physicians, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serbian Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168728. [PMID: 34444476 PMCID: PMC8392171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 128 health workers in the central part of the Republic of Serbia. The study surveyed health workers (physicians, pharmacists and nurses) who worked during peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia in June and November 2020. The Maslach Burnout Survey for Medical Personnel addresses three scales: (a) emotional exhaustion (EE) measures feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one’s work; (b) depersonalization (DP) measures an unfeeling and impersonal response toward recipients of one’s service, care treatment, or instruction; and (c) personal accomplishment (PA) measures feelings of competence and successful achievement in one’s work. Linear regression and the chi-square test were used to test a relationship between the input variables (x) and the single output variable (y). We can conclude that most health workers had a high degree of emotional exhaustion, but also a low degree of depersonalization and a high degree of sense of personal achievement. Nurses and physicians had similar answers on the pandemic during their work, but pharmacists had different answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Jakovljevic
- Academy for Applied Studies, The College of Health Studies, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 8 Trubetskaya Street 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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A Fragile Balance: Does Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Drive Pulmonary Disease Progression? Cells 2021; 10:cells10081932. [PMID: 34440701 PMCID: PMC8394734 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils act as the first line of defense during infection and inflammation. Once activated, they are able to fulfil numerous tasks to fight inflammatory insults while keeping a balanced immune response. Besides well-known functions, such as phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are also able to release "neutrophil extracellular traps" (NETs). In response to most stimuli, the neutrophils release decondensed chromatin in a NADPH oxidase-dependent manner decorated with histones and granule proteins, such as neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cathelicidins. Although primarily supposed to prevent microbial dissemination and fight infections, there is increasing evidence that an overwhelming NET response correlates with poor outcome in many diseases. Lung-related diseases especially, such as bacterial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aspergillosis, influenza, and COVID-19, are often affected by massive NET formation. Highly vascularized areas as in the lung are susceptible to immunothrombotic events promoted by chromatin fibers. Keeping this fragile equilibrium seems to be the key for an appropriate immune response. Therapies targeting dysregulated NET formation might positively influence many disease progressions. This review highlights recent findings on the pathophysiological influence of NET formation in different bacterial, viral, and non-infectious lung diseases and summarizes medical treatment strategies.
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Abstract
Summary
A global society, including developed countries, continues to struggle with fatal diseases that are difficult to treat with Western medicine. A variety of infectious diseases have existed for ages, but in Africa they had been limited thanks to the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) prior to the introduction of cosmopolitan medicine. Influenza virus repression has been demonstrated by a number of herbal antivirals, yet the invaluable therapeutic potential of herbal medicine has been underestimated. Despite various reliable methods offered by Western medicine, the globally destructive COVID-19 pandemic requires a successful fight. The wisdom of African IKS used in tackling epidemics that have broken out in the past is brought to mind again. Pneumonia – a COVID-19 symptom, could be treated with polyherbal fomentation. Selected plants cultivated across Nigeria for hydrotherapy are under consideration to be used in proper doses. Given the potential associated with IKS, a multi-disciplinary approach involving experts in phytomedicine, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, plant physiology and ecology is necessary to unlock the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine.
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Iranzadasl M, Karimi Y, Moadeli F, Pasalar M. Persian medicine recommendations for the prevention of pandemics related to the respiratory system: a narrative literature review. Integr Med Res 2021; 10:100483. [PMID: 32802742 PMCID: PMC7381935 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemics of infectious diseases have long been regarded as societal challenges. This study aimed to summarize the theories of Persian medicine for controlling respiratory disease-related pandemics and to compare these theories with the findings of modern medicine. METHODS We searched the classic medical reference books of the 9th to 19th centuries for the terms 'polluted air' and 'pandemic', and we searched 4 databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus) with the keywords 'COVID-19', 'pandemic', 'history', and 'prevention programs'. The results were collected and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS From the point of view of traditional Iranian physicians, disease prevention is primarily possible by avoiding pathogenic factors. As a secondary solution, reducing one's susceptibility to the disease is crucial; this can be achieved through cleansing the body and strengthening the mood, reducing food intake, decreasing the internal humidity, disinfecting the house with herbal fumigation, and making use of pleasant aromas. Some of these recommendations are reaffirmed by modern research. CONCLUSION Persian medicine techniques may be preventive during respiratory, influenza-like disease pandemics. However, rigorous studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Iranzadasl
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasin Karimi
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moadeli
- Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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34
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Tompa DR, Immanuel A, Srikanth S, Kadhirvel S. Trends and strategies to combat viral infections: A review on FDA approved antiviral drugs. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:524-541. [PMID: 33454328 PMCID: PMC8055758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The infectious microscopic viruses invade living cells to reproduce themselves, and causes chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, flu, etc. in humans which may lead to death if not treated. Different strategies have been utilized to develop new and superior antiviral drugs to counter the viral infections. The FDA approval of HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, zidovudine in 1987 boosted the development of antiviral agents against different viruses. Currently, there are a number of combination drugs developed against various viral infections to arrest the activity of same or different viral macromolecules at multiple stages of its life cycle; among which majority are targeted to interfere with the replication of viral genome. Besides these, other type of antiviral molecules includes entry inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, interferons, immunomodulators, etc. The antiviral drugs can be toxic to human cells, particularly in case of administration of combination drugs, and on the other hand viruses can grow resistant to the antiviral drugs. Furthermore, emergence of new viruses like Ebola, coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) emphasizes the need for more innovative strategies to develop better antiviral drugs to fight the existing and the emerging viral infections. Hence, we reviewed the strategic enhancements in developing antiviral drugs for the treatment of different viral infections over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharma Rao Tompa
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruldoss Immanuel
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srimari Srikanth
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraboji Kadhirvel
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Salian VS, Wright JA, Vedell PT, Nair S, Li C, Kandimalla M, Tang X, Carmona Porquera EM, Kalari KR, Kandimalla KK. COVID-19 Transmission, Current Treatment, and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:754-771. [PMID: 33464914 PMCID: PMC7839412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At the stroke of the New Year 2020, COVID-19, a zoonotic disease that would turn into a global pandemic, was identified in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Although unique in its transmission and virulence, COVID-19 is similar to zoonotic diseases, including other SARS variants (e.g., SARS-CoV) and MERS, in exhibiting severe flu-like symptoms and acute respiratory distress. Even at the molecular level, many parallels have been identified between SARS and COVID-19 so much so that the COVID-19 virus has been named SARS-CoV-2. These similarities have provided several opportunities to treat COVID-19 patients using clinical approaches that were proven to be effective against SARS. Importantly, the identification of similarities in how SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 access the host, replicate, and trigger life-threatening pathological conditions have revealed opportunities to repurpose drugs that were proven to be effective against SARS. In this article, we first provided an overview of COVID-19 etiology vis-à-vis other zoonotic diseases, particularly SARS and MERS. Then, we summarized the characteristics of droplets/aerosols emitted by COVID-19 patients and how they aid in the transmission of the virus among people. Moreover, we discussed the molecular mechanisms that enable SARS-CoV-2 to access the host and become more contagious than other betacoronaviruses such as SARS-CoV. Further, we outlined various approaches that are currently being employed to diagnose and symptomatically treat COVID-19 in the clinic. Finally, we reviewed various approaches and technologies employed to develop vaccines against COVID-19 and summarized the attempts to repurpose various classes of drugs and novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrishali S. Salian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Jessica A. Wright
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Peter T. Vedell
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of
Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, United States
| | - Sanjana Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Chenxu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
| | - Mahathi Kandimalla
- College of Letters and Science,
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
55906, United States
| | - Xiaojia Tang
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of
Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, United States
| | - Eva M. Carmona Porquera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of
Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
55905, United States
| | - Karunya K. Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,
United States
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Saviñon-Flores F, Méndez E, López-Castaños M, Carabarin-Lima A, López-Castaños KA, González-Fuentes MA, Méndez-Albores A. A Review on SERS-Based Detection of Human Virus Infections: Influenza and Coronavirus. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33670852 PMCID: PMC7997427 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of respiratory viruses of zoonotic origin (RVsZO) such as influenza and coronaviruses in humans is crucial, because their spread and pandemic threat are the highest. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique with promising impact for the point-of-care diagnosis of viruses. It has been applied to a variety of influenza A virus subtypes, such as the H1N1 and the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this work, a review of the strategies used for the detection of RVsZO by SERS is presented. In addition, relevant information about the SERS technique, anthropozoonosis, and RVsZO is provided for a better understanding of the theme. The direct identification is based on trapping the viruses within the interstices of plasmonic nanoparticles and recording the SERS signal from gene fragments or membrane proteins. Quantitative mono- and multiplexed assays have been achieved following an indirect format through a SERS-based sandwich immunoassay. Based on this review, the development of multiplex assays that incorporate the detection of RVsZO together with their specific biomarkers and/or secondary disease biomarkers resulting from the infection progress would be desirable. These configurations could be used as a double confirmation or to evaluate the health condition of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Saviñon-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (F.S.-F.); (E.M.); (M.A.G.-F.)
| | - Erika Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (F.S.-F.); (E.M.); (M.A.G.-F.)
| | - Mónica López-Castaños
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Carabarin-Lima
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Karen A. López-Castaños
- Centro de Química-ICUAP-Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. González-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (F.S.-F.); (E.M.); (M.A.G.-F.)
| | - Alia Méndez-Albores
- Centro de Química-ICUAP-Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
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da Costa VG, Saivish MV, Santos DER, de Lima Silva RF, Moreli ML. Comparative epidemiology between the 2009 H1N1 influenza and COVID-19 pandemics. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1797-1804. [PMID: 33121906 PMCID: PMC7553061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In a short time, humanity has experienced two pandemics: the influenza A virus pandemic (pH1N1) in 2009 and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020. Therefore, it is likely that the general population will erroneously seek to compare the two pandemics and adopt similar attitudes in facing them. However, the two pandemics have their intrinsic characteristics that distinguish them considerably; for example, the virulence of the infectious agents and the availability of treatment and vaccine. Consequently, given this knowledge gap between the pH1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics, we conducted this review to clarify and summarize, above all, the epidemiological historical aspects of these two viruses of great importance to global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Lázaro Moreli
- Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil
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Chen H, Park SG, Choi N, Moon JI, Dang H, Das A, Lee S, Kim DG, Chen L, Choo J. SERS imaging-based aptasensor for ultrasensitive and reproducible detection of influenza virus A. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112496. [PMID: 32818752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based aptasensors display high sensitivity for influenza A/H1N1 virus detection but improved signal reproducibility is required. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) nano-popcorn plasmonic substrate using the surface energy difference between a perfluorodecanethiol (PFDT) spacer and the Au layer. This energy difference led to Au nanoparticle self-assembly; neighboring nanoparticles then created multiple hotspots on the substrate. The localized surface plasmon effects at the hot spots dramatically enhanced the incident field. Quantitative evaluation of A/H1N1 virus was achieved using the decrease of Raman peak intensity resulting from the release of Cy3-labeled aptamer DNAs from nano-popcorn substrate surfaces via the interaction between the aptamer DNA and A/H1N1 virus. The use of a Raman imaging technique involving the fast mapping of all pixel points enabled the reproducible quantification of A/H1N1 virus on nano-popcorn substrates. Average ensemble effects obtained by averaging all randomly distributed hot spots mapped on the substrate made it possible to reliably quantify target viruses. The SERS-based imaging aptasensor platform proposed in this work overcomes the issues inherent in conventional approaches (the time-consuming and labor-intensiveness of RT-PCR and low sensitivity and quantitative analysis limits of lateral flow assay kits). Our SERS-based assay for detecting A/H1N1 virus had an estimated limit of detection of 97 PFU mL-1 (approximately three orders of magnitude more sensitive than that determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and the approximate assay time was estimated to be 20 min. Thus, this approach provides an ultrasensitive, reliable platform for detecting viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Park
- Advanced Nano-Surface Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Namhyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Joung-Il Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hajun Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Anupam Das
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Advanced Nano-Surface Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Advanced Nano-Surface Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Social media use as a predictor of handwashing during a pandemic: evidence from COVID-19 in Malaysia. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e261. [PMID: 33092675 PMCID: PMC7653491 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although handwashing is an effective way to prevent infections, there is scarce evidence on predictors of handwashing during a pandemic. This paper aims to identify behavioural and demographic predictors of handwashing. The study surveyed 674 adults in Malaysia in May 2020 regarding whether the time spent on social media predicted handwashing contingent on gender and number of children. More time spent on social media was positively associated with handwashing for males with three or more children. However, for males without children, social media use was negatively associated with handwashing. The association was not significant for males with one or two children. For females, more time spent on social media was significantly linked to more handwashing only for females with one child. Gender, a traditional predictor of handwashing, was a useful predictor only for those who spent more than three hours per day on social media and had at most one child. Number of children was a novel negative predictor for males who did not use social media and who averaged one hour per day on social media, a positive predictor for males who spent lots of time on social media, but not a predictor for females. In sum, social media use predicts handwashing, and is thus a helpful variable for use in targeted health communication during a pandemic - particularly through social media. Further, more conventional predictors like gender and number of children exhibit contingency effects with social media use.
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40
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Shin JI, Park YC, Song JM. Influence of temperature on the antigenic changes of virus-like particles. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:126-132. [PMID: 32864369 PMCID: PMC7445320 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated whether the antigenic changes of the virus-like particles (VLPs) are affected by the temperature during storage. Materials and Methods After exposing the recombinant influenza VLPs to various temperatures for a period, antigenic changes were examined through in vitro hemagglutination receptor binding assay and in vivo mouse experiments. Results Influenza VLPs were exposed at three different temperatures of low, middle, and high on a thermo-hygrostat. High temperature exposed influenza VLPs were showed significantly reduced HA activity and immunogenicity after mouse single immunization over time compared low and middle. When the VLPs exposed to the high temperature were inoculated once in the mice, it was found that the immunogenicity was significantly reduced compared to the VLPs exposed to the low temperature. However, these differences were almost neglected when mice were inoculated twice even with VLPs exposed to high temperatures. Conclusion This study suggests that similar protective effects can be expected by controlling the number of vaccination and storage conditions, although the antigenic change in the VLP vaccines occurred when exposed to high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Shin
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Chan Park
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhai T, Wu X, Zhang N, Huang X, Zhan Q. Inflammatory risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with severe influenza. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520918058. [PMID: 32776792 PMCID: PMC7871290 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520918058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation and viral infections can induce significant changes in lipid metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) often occurs secondary to obesity, which is an independent risk factor for influenza virus infection. However, the inflammatory risk factors contributing to HTG in patients with severe influenza have yet to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected from 33 patients with severe influenza (n = 26 control patients with normal serum triglyceride levels and n = 7 HTG patients with serum triglycerides >2.3 mM). Levels of 45 putative inflammatory risk factors were quantitated using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Plasma levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, hepatocyte growth factor, stem cell factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor A were significantly higher in HTG patients compared with control patients. BALF samples from HTG patients contained significantly higher levels of IL-1RA and lower levels of IFN-γ-inducible protein-10. CONCLUSION HTG in patients with severe influenza is associated with alterations in several inflammatory risk factors. Our results provide new insights that may enable more effective clinical management of severe influenza combined with HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhai
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Xu Huang
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing,
China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Center for Respiratory Diseases, Department of
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,
China-Japan
Friendship Hospital, Beijing,
China
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42
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Olaimat AN, Aolymat I, Shahbaz HM, Holley RA. Knowledge and Information Sources About COVID-19 Among University Students in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2020; 8:254. [PMID: 32574314 PMCID: PMC7274134 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, and it was officially declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Most countries over the entire globe have reported some COVID-19 cases. The current study aimed to assess student knowledge about COVID-19 at different Jordanian universities and determine where they sourced their information. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,083 undergraduate or postgraduate students from different governmental and private universities during the initial stage of the disease in Jordan (March 19–21, 2020) using a validated, structured, self-administered, online questionnaire. The survey was structured to assess their knowledge about viral sources, incubation period, mortality rate, transmission, symptoms and complications as well as the source of information about COVID-19. Results:Overall, 56.5% of the respondents showed good knowledge and almost 40.5% showed moderate knowledge. On the other hand, 3.0% of the participants showed poor knowledge about COVID-19. The average knowledge score of students was 80.1%, which is considered to be within the scale of good knowledge. Both the college of study and educational level significantly (P < 0.05) associated with student knowledge. Students who majored in medical sciences showed the highest mean score of 82.8%, with 69.0% displaying a good knowledge level. Postgraduate students had significantly higher knowledge scores compared to undergraduate students. The majority of students used the internet, social media and mass media as sources of information about COVID-19. Scientific websites and articles were used more commonly by medical and postgraduate students. Conclusions:The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge to the health of the world population; therefore, these results assessing students' knowledge provide an important baseline for planning required educational interventions such as contact tracing and self-quarantine. These results may also help public health authorities by engaging communities in implementation of protective health measures, including positive hygienic practices such as hand washing to reduce the risk of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin N Olaimat
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Iman Aolymat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hafiz M Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Richard A Holley
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Kim M, Nguyen DV, Heo Y, Park KH, Paik HD, Kim YB. Antiviral Activity of Fritillaria thunbergii Extract against Human Influenza Virus H1N1 (PR8) In Vitro, In Ovo and In Vivo. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:172-177. [PMID: 31752057 PMCID: PMC9728163 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1908.08001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause respiratory diseases in humans and animals with high morbidity and mortality rates. Conventional anti-influenza drugs are reported to exert side effects and newly emerging viral strains tend to develop resistance to these commonly used agents. Fritillaria thunbergii (FT) is traditionally used as an expectorant for controlling airway inflammatory disorders. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of FT extracts against influenza virus type A (H1N1) infection in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. In the post-treatment assay, FT extracts showed high CC50 (7,500 µg/ml), indicating low toxicity, and exerted moderate antiviral effects compared to oseltamivir (SI 50.6 vs. 222) in vitro. Antiviral activity tests in ovo revealed strong inhibitory effects of both FT extract and oseltamivir against H1N1 replication in embryonated eggs. Notably, at a treatment concentration of 150 mg/kg, only half the group administered oseltamivir survived whereas the FT group showed 100% survival, clearly demonstrating the low toxicity of FT extracts. Consistent with these findings, FT-administered mice showed a higher survival rate with lower body weight reduction relative to the oseltamivir group upon treatment 24 h after viral infection. Our collective results suggest that FT extracts exert antiviral effects against influenza H1N1 virus without inducing toxicity in vitro, in ovo or in vivo, thereby supporting the potential utility of FT extract as a novel candidate therapeutic drug or supplement against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh-Van Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonki Heo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 0509, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-450-4208 Fax: +82-2-455-1044 E-mail:
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Lee H, Chen VCH, Yang YH, Kuo TY, Lin TC, Wu SI, Kao KL, Weng JC, Kelsen BA, Liang SHY. Decreased Risk of Influenza in Child and Adolescent Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Following Methylphenidate Treatment: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1309-1319. [PMID: 32547034 PMCID: PMC7247598 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s242519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have an elevated risk of influenza because of the difficulty in complying with the behavioral procedures that help protect against influenza. Moreover, the effects of sufficient methylphenidate treatment on influenza have received little attention. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association between ADHD medication usage and influenza and assessed the effect of duration of ADHD treatment on the risk of influenza using a nationwide population-based database. METHODS This study investigated methylphenidate usage and the risk of influenza among children and adolescents with ADHD. We identified 5259 young individuals aged less than 18 years who were diagnosed as having ADHD between 1996 and 2013 from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, and we tested whether methylphenidate use affects influenza risk using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS After controlling for confounding factors, the results indicated that influenza risk significantly reduced in the group of ADHD patients who were prescribed methylphenidate for 90 days and more (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.75, p<0.001), demonstrating a 38% reduction in the risk of influenza in this group. However, this was not observed in the group of ADHD patients who used methylphenidate for 1-90 days (HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.89-1.05, p=0.12). CONCLUSION The lower incidence of influenza observed in the group prescribed with methylphenidate for a longer period highlights the importance of compliance to medication and psychoeducation with regard to ADHD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi,Chiayi,Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi,Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Kuo
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi,Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Lin
- Bethel Psychiatric Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Science, Technology and Society, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Wu
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Section of Psychiatry, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Liang Kao
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Industrial Management, Oriental Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Weng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi,Chiayi,Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Brent Allan Kelsen
- Language Center, National Taipei University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Hsin-Yi Liang
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Keilich SR, Bartley JM, Haynes L. Diminished immune responses with aging predispose older adults to common and uncommon influenza complications. Cell Immunol 2019; 345:103992. [PMID: 31627841 PMCID: PMC6939636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza (flu) is a serious disease for older adults, with increased severity of infection and greater risk for hospitalization and death. Flu infection is limited to pulmonary epithelial cells, yet there are many systemic symptoms and older adults are more susceptible to flu-related complications. In older adults, flu rarely comes without additional complications and there is a perfect storm for enhanced disease due to multiple factors including existing co-morbidities, plus impaired lung function and dysregulated immune responses that occur with even healthy aging. Commonly, opportunistic secondary bacterial infections prosper in damaged lungs. Intensified systemic inflammation with aging can cause dysfunction in extra-pulmonary organs and tissues such as cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neuropathologic, hepatic, and renal complications. Often overlooked is the underappreciated connections between many of these conditions, which exacerbate one another when in parallel. This review focuses on flu infection and the numerous complications in older adults associated with diminished immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R Keilich
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jenna M Bartley
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Laura Haynes
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Jeyaram RA, Radha CA, Gromiha MM, Veluraja K. Design of fluorinated sialic acid analog inhibitor to H5 hemagglutinin of H5N1 influenza virus through molecular dynamics simulation study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3504-3513. [PMID: 31594458 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1677500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Influenza epidemics and pandemics are caused by influenza A virus. The cell surface protein of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase is responsible for viral infection and release of progeny virus on the host cell membrane. Now 18 hemagglutinin and 11 neuraminidase subtypes are identified. The avian influenza virus of H5N1 is an emergent threat to public health issues. To control the influenza viral infection it is necessary to develop antiviral inhibitors and vaccination. In the present investigation we carried out 50 ns Molecular Dynamics simulation on H5 hemagglutinin of Influenza A virus H5N1 complexed with fluorinated sialic acid by substituting fluorine atoms at any two hydroxyls of sialic acid by considering combinatorial combination. The binding affinity between the protein-ligand complex system is investigated by calculating pair interaction energy and MM-PBSA binding free energy. All the complex structures are stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions between the H5 protein and the ligand fluorinated sialic acid. It is concluded from all the analyses that the fluorinated complexes enhance the inhibiting potency against H5 hemagglutinin and the order of inhibiting potency is SIA-F9 ≫ SIA-F2 ≈ SIA-F7 ≈ SIA-F2F4 ≈ SIA-F2F9 ≈ SIA-F7F9 > SIA-F7F8 ≈ SIA-F2F8 ≈ SIA-F8F9 > SIA-F4 ≈ SIA-F4F7 ≈ SIA-F4F8 ≈ SIA-F8 ≈ SIA-F2F7 ≈ SIA > SIA-F4F9. This study suggests that one can design the inhibitor by using the mono fluorinated models SIA-F9, SIA-F2 and SIA-F7 and difluorinated models SIA-F2F4, SIA-F2F9 and SIA-F7F9 to inhibit H5 of H5N1 to avoid Influenza A viral infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Jeyaram
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Anu Radha
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Veluraja
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Emerging infectious diseases have seen a record increase in prevalence, and understanding their management is critical in an increasingly global community. In this paper, we review current literature detailing the role of radiology in the diagnosis and treatment of the Ebola (EVD), Zika (ZVD), Chikungunya (CHIKF), H1N1, Middle East Respiratory (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) viruses. Recent Findings Complex protocols are required to safely use portable imaging in EVD to prevent nosocomial spread of disease. In ZVD, antenatal ultrasound can detect fetal abnormalities early, allowing implementation of care and support to affected families. Imaging is useful in assessing the extent of involvement of chronic CHIKF and monitoring treatment effect. Chest radiography and CT play a more direct role in the diagnosis and monitoring of the viral infections with primarily respiratory manifestations (H1N1, MERS, and SARS). Summary Radiology plays a variable role in emerging infectious diseases, requiring an understanding of disease transmission and safe imaging practices, as well as imaging features that affect clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Jardon
- 1Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.,3Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 1638, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Shaden F Mohammad
- 2Department of Radiological Sciences, Olive View - UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA USA
| | - Cecilia M Jude
- 2Department of Radiological Sciences, Olive View - UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA USA
| | - Anokh Pahwa
- 2Department of Radiological Sciences, Olive View - UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA USA
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48
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Antivirals for Virus Induced Exacerbations of Asthma and COPD Treatment. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2018-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can cause severe exacerbations, increasing the risk of secondary bacterial infections and having a significant impact on disease-related morbidity and mortality. Several antivirals such as oseltamivir and zanamivir evaluated in influenza and other virus-induced respiratory infections are discussed in this review as a starting point of their potential use in improving the outcome of asthma and COPD exacerbations. However, the efficacy of antiviral therapy for asthma/COPD exacerbations needs a further evaluation.
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49
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Singh I, Munjal S, Kumar M, Jha M, Gambhir RS, Talukdar B. H1N1 Influenza: Assessment of knowledge and awareness of private dental health professionals of a Tricity. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2229-2233. [PMID: 31463235 PMCID: PMC6691439 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_381_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Influenza like Swine flu virus has posed a greater risk of occupational transmission to dental professionals as it can spread through the aerosols. Aim: To assess knowledge and awareness of private dental health care professionals regarding swine flu of a Tricity in India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 private dentists practising in the Tricity. A self-administered, anonymous, multiple choice type questionnaire was administered to gather information. The questionnaire contained 12 questions on knowledge and awareness regarding swine flu keeping in view the time constraints. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and student t-test. Results: Awareness regarding mode of transmission of swine flu were reported positively by 88.5% of subjects. About 24.6% of subjects reported about having encountered a swine flu patient at their clinic. Preventive measures to prevent spread of swine flu were known to 71.2% of subjects. Statistically significant association of mean knowledge scores was noted with education level (P = 0.015) and working profile (P = 0.017) of the subjects. Conclusion: The results of the present review showed that some knowledge gaps existed among dentists regarding some important aspects of swine flu. Therefore, there is an urgent need for training and continuous education programs regarding infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Jammu, J and K, India
| | - Shveta Munjal
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, India
| | - Mandeep Kumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rayat and Bhahra Dental College and Hospital, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mihir Jha
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh Gambhir
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, BRS Dental College and Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Bikiran Talukdar
- Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital, Barpeta, Assam, India
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50
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Jairaj A, Shirisha P, Abdul MSM, Fatima U, Tiwari RVC, Moothedath M. Adult Immunization - Need of the Hour. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018; 8:475-481. [PMID: 30596036 PMCID: PMC6280562 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_347_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization is the process of making individuals immune. Childhood immunization is a common process for various aliments, but adult immunization in the Indian scenario is obscure. Officially, India has been declared polio-free, which is an achievement despite cultural, political, economic, geographic, and so many other factors. The changing demographics of adult, geriatric population and growing cost of health-care maintenance are a concern in developing countries like India. Thus, promoting healthy lifestyle needs prevention, early detection, and management of various diseases and disorders. Certainly, prevention in adults is yet to be tapped completely, so that goal of 100% prevention can be achieved. Various fraternities of medical association have come up with guidelines for adult immunization schedules in India. The present paper reviews infectious diseases such as anthrax, chikungunya, cholera, dengue, influenza, and malaria in this section of the review. We humbly request all health-care professionals and educators to educate the mass for adult immunization. So that, cost involved for treatment and workforce for the management of diseases can be better utilized in some other needed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Shirisha
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Urooj Fatima
- Skin and Laser Care Centre, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Vinay Chandra Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Muhamood Moothedath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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