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Akman TÇ, Şimşek S, Akşit Z, Akşit H, Aydin A, Tüfekçi AR, Adem S, Yilmaz MA. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry profile and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and enzyme activities of Thymus pectinatus and Thymus convolutus: in vitro and in silico approach. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4039-4049. [PMID: 38376445 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to investigate the antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme activity capacities and phytochemical compositions of Thymus pectinatus (TP), Thymus convolutus (TC), which are endemic to Türkiye. Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in the extracts was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, targeting 53 phenolic compounds. RESULTS Rosmarinic acid, quinic acid, and cynaroside were identified as the major compounds, exhibiting quantitative variation in both extracts. The extracts had a high total phenolic content, with 113.57 ± 0.58 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract for TP and 130.52 ± 1.05 mg GAE/g extract for TC. Furthermore, although both extracts exhibited high total flavonoid content; the TP extract (75.12 ± 1.65 mg quercitin equivalents (QE)/g extract) displayed a higher flavonoid content than the TC extract (30.24 ± 0.74 mg QE/g extract) did. The extracts had a promising antiproliferative effect on C6, HeLa, and HT29 cancer cell lines with a less cytotoxic effect (10.5-14.2%) against normal cells. Both extracts exhibited very potent inhibitory activity against the xanthine oxidase enzyme, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of respectively 2.07 ± 0.03 μg mL-1 and 2.76 ± 0.06 μg mL-1 and moderate activity against tyrosinase and α-glucosidase. Docking simulations proved that rosmarinic acid and cynaroside, the major components of the extracts, were the most potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. According to antimicrobial activity results, the TC extract exhibited moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and the TP extract had strong activity against both Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the beneficial effects of the two endemic Thymus species on human health and suggest their potential use as plant-derived bioactive agents. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğrul Çağrı Akman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Samed Şimşek
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Çayırlı Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Akşit
- Department of Hotel, Restaurant and Service, Tourism and Hospitality Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Akşit
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ali Riza Tüfekçi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Sevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Kulbat-Warycha K, Nawrocka J, Kozłowska L, Żyżelewicz D. Effect of Light Conditions, Trichoderma Fungi and Food Polymers on Growth and Profile of Biologically Active Compounds in Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4846. [PMID: 38732065 PMCID: PMC11084565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The research investigates the influence of different lighting conditions and soil treatments, in particular the application of food polymers separately and in combination with spores of Trichoderma consortium, on the growth and development of herbs-Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum. The metabolic analysis focuses on detecting changes in the levels of biologically active compounds such as chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds (including flavonoids), terpenoids, and volatile organic compounds with potential health-promoting properties. By investigating these factors, the study aims to provide insights into how environmental conditions affect the growth and chemical composition of selected plants and to shed light on potential strategies for optimising the cultivation of these herbs for the improved quality and production of bioactive compounds. Under the influence of additional lighting, the growth of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum seedlings was greatly accelerated, resulting in an increase in shoot biomass and length, and in the case of T. vulgaris, an increase in carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. Regarding secondary metabolites, the most pronounced changes were observed in total antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content, which increased significantly under the influence of additional lighting. The simultaneous or separate application of Trichoderma and food polymers resulted in an increase in flavonoid content in the leaves of both Thymus species. The increase in terpenoid content under supplemental light appears to be related to the presence of Trichoderma spores as well as food polymers added to the soil. However, the nature of these changes depends on the thyme species. Volatile compounds were analysed using an electronic nose (E-nose). Eight volatile compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified in the vapours of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum: α-pinene, myrcene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene; 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. Tendencies to increase the percentage of thymol and γ-terpinene under supplemental lighting were observed. The results also demonstrate a positive effect of food polymers and, to a lesser extent, Trichoderma fungi on the synthesis of VOCs with health-promoting properties. The effect of Trichoderma and food polymers on individual VOCs was positive in some cases for thymol and γ-terpinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulbat-Warycha
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10 St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Liliana Kozłowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16 St., 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (J.N.); (L.K.)
| | - Dorota Żyżelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10 St., 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Huang J, Huang T, Li J. Regulation Mechanism and Potential Value of Active Substances in Spices in Alcohol-Liver-Intestine Axis Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3728. [PMID: 38612538 PMCID: PMC11011869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol intake will aggravate the health risk between the liver and intestine and affect the multi-directional information exchange of metabolites between host cells and microbial communities. Because of the side effects of clinical drugs, people tend to explore the intervention value of natural drugs on diseases. As a flavor substance, spices have been proven to have medicinal value, but they are still rare in treating hepatointestinal diseases caused by alcohol. This paper summarized the metabolic transformation of alcohol in the liver and intestine and summarized the potential value of various perfume active substances in improving liver and intestine diseases caused by alcohol. It is also found that bioactive substances in spices can exert antioxidant activity in the liver and intestine environment and reduce the oxidative stress caused by diseases. These substances can interfere with fatty acid synthesis, promote sugar and lipid metabolism, and reduce liver injury caused by steatosis. They can effectively regulate the balance of intestinal flora, promote the production of SCFAs, and restore the intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tao Huang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
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Mansour LAH, Elshopakey GE, Abdelhamid FM, Albukhari TA, Almehmadi SJ, Refaat B, El-Boshy M, Risha EF. Hepatoprotective and Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041080. [PMID: 37189698 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG) is one of the most important naturally occurring flavonoids, predominantly found in some edible fruits, such as citrus species and tomatoes. It has several biological activities, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, and cardioprotective effects. The heavy metal lead is toxic and triggers oxidative stress, which causes toxicity in many organs, including the liver and brain. This study explored the potential protective role of NRG in hepato- and neurotoxicity caused by lead acetate in rats. Four groups of ten male albino rats were included: group 1 was a control, group 2 was orally treated with lead acetate (LA) at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW, group 3 was treated with naringenin (NRG) at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW, and group 4 was treated with 500 mg/kg LA and 50 mg/kg NRG for 4 weeks. Then, blood was taken, the rats were euthanized, and liver and brain tissues were collected. The findings revealed that LA exposure induced hepatotoxicity with a significant increase in liver function markers (p < 0.05). In addition, albumin and total protein (TP) and the albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio) (p < 0.05) were markedly lowered, whereas the serum globulin level (p > 0.05) was unaltered. LA also induced oxidative damage, demonstrated by a significant increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05), together with a pronounced antioxidant system reduction (SOD, CAT, and GSH) (p < 0.05) in both liver and brain tissues. Inflammation of the liver and brain caused by LA was indicated by increased levels of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) and caspase-3, (p < 0.05), and the levels of B-cell lymphocyte-2 (BCL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (p < 0.05) were decreased. Brain tissue damage induced by LA toxicity was demonstrated by the downregulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and creatine kinase (CK-BB) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the liver and brain of LA-treated rats displayed notable histopathological damage. In conclusion, NRG has potential hepato- and neuroprotective effects against lead acetate toxicity. However, additional research is needed in order to propose naringenin as a potential protective agent against renal and cardiac toxicity mediated by lead acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna A. H. Mansour
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Abdelhamid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Talat A. Albukhari
- Department of Immunology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 6165, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah J. Almehmadi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah P.O. Box 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Engy F. Risha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Nanophytosomes Loading Andrographis paniculata Hydroalcoholic Extract: Promising Drug Delivery for Hepatoprotective Efficacy. J Pharm Innov 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-023-09712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Saleem A, Afzal M, Naveed M, Makhdoom SI, Mazhar M, Aziz T, Khan AA, Kamal Z, Shahzad M, Alharbi M, Alshammari A. HPLC, FTIR and GC-MS Analyses of Thymus vulgaris Phytochemicals Executing In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities and Effects on COX-1, COX-2 and Gastric Cancer Genes Computationally. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238512. [PMID: 36500601 PMCID: PMC9736827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have played an essential role in the treatment of various diseases. Thymus vulgaris, a medicinal plant, has been extensively used for biological and pharmaceutical potential. The current study was performed to check the biopotential of active biological compounds. The GC-MS analysis identified 31 compounds in methanolic crude extract, among which thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and eugenol are the main phytoconstituents present in T. vulgaris. The HPLC analysis quantified that flavonoids and phenolic acids are present in a good concentration in the active fraction of ethyl acetate and n-butanol. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups such as phenols, a carboxylic group, hydroxy group, alcohols, and a benzene ring. Among both fractions, ethyl acetate showed high antioxidant activity in the DPPH (84.1 0.88) and ABTS (87.1 0.89) assays, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was done in vitro and in vivo by using a carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, while the hexane-based extract showed high anti-inflammatory activity (57.1 0.54) in a dose-response manner. Furthermore, the lead compound responsible for inhibition in the denaturation of proteins is thymol, which exhibits the highest binding affinity with COX1 (-6.4 KJ/mol) and COX2 (-6.3 KJ/mol) inflammatory proteins. The hepatotoxicity analysis showed that plant-based phytoconstituents are safe to use and have no toxicity, with no necrosis, fibrosis, and vacuolar degeneration, even at a high concentration of 800 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the in silico analysis of HPLC phytochemical compounds against gastric cancer genes showed that chlorogenic acid exhibited anticancer activity and showed good drug-designing characteristics. Thrombolysis and hemolysis are the major concerns of individuals suffering from gastric cancer. However, the T. vulgaris fractions showed thrombolysis from 17.6 to 5.4%; similarly, hemolysis ranged from 9.73 to 7.1% at a concentration of 12 mg/mL. The phytoconstituents present in T. vulgaris have the potential for multiple pharmacological applications. This should be further investigated to isolate bioactive compounds that can be used for the treatment of different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: or (M.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Syeda Izma Makhdoom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Modasrah Mazhar
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: or (M.N.); (T.A.)
| | - Ayaz Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Zul Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gao S, Shi J, Wang K, Tan Y, Hong H, Luo Y. Protective effects of oyster protein hydrolysates on alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) in mice: based on the mechanism of anti-oxidative metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:8411-8424. [PMID: 35857308 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many bioactivities of hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) muscle have been reported, while there is no knowledge about their protective effects on alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). In the present study, the anti-oxidative activities in vitro and molecular weight distribution of oyster protein hydrolysates (OPH) were detected and the OPH released by alcalase (AOPH) was used to treat C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a Lindros control diet to establish an ethanol-exposed model. The content of small-weight components (<2.0 kDa) of OPH reached 90.85%. AOPH showed more potent antioxidant activities in vitro with higher reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and those capacities could be maintained at a high level after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Compared to the model mice, oral administration (4 weeks) of AOPH at 800 mg per kg body weight could lead to a decline in T-AOC, GSH-PX, and ADH in the liver. The hepatocellular lesions were effectively relieved and impaired liver tissue development was successfully inhibited. A total of 834 genes and 54 proteins showed differential expression in the AOPH group and the oxidative metabolic pathways of ethanol such as oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, peroxisomes, the PPAR signaling pathway and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 play a preeminent role in ALD according to the results of transcriptomics and proteomics. The beneficial effects of AOPH were available in the improvement of ALD. These results revealed that AOPH intervention ameliorated ALD by affecting oxidative metabolism and highlighting AOPH's potential application as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,National Research and Development Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
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Shosha NNH, Fahmy NM, Singab ANB, Mohamed RW. Anti-ulcer effects of cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L.), and caraway ( Carum carvi L.) essential oils on peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis models in rats. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Essential oils are considered a potential alternative to synthetic drugs in the management of diseases such as peptic ulcer (PU) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study is concerned with comparing the therapeutic effects of Cuminum cyminum L, Carum carvi L, and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils on PU and UC models induced by ethanol. Methods: Rats were divided into 10 groups; control groups were treated with saline and experimental groups with 500 mg/kg body weight of C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oil. Curative effects were determined by measuring tissue oxidative markers, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stomach pepsin (PEP), and colon alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Biochemical and histological examinations were done on stomach and colon tissues. Results: The current study proved the anti-ulcer effects of C. cyminum, C. carvi, and T. vulgaris essential oils. They improved the oxidative and inflammatory markers in both stomach and colon tissues and modulated stomach PEP and colon ALP activities. T. vulgaris essential oil modulated GSH and MDA levels resulting in a significant elevation in GSH levels by 120.43% and 99.46% and a significant reduction in MDA levels by 20.05% and 24.1% in PU and UC models, respectively. C. carvi essential oil was the most effective in restoring PGE2 by 71.51% compared to UC group. Results were confirmed by the morphological and histopathological changes. Conclusion: C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oils might be used in the management of acute PU and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad Naem Hamed Shosha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran M. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser B. Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwa Wahid Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of women for Arts Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ismail HTH. The ameliorative efficacy of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced hematological alterations, hepatorenal dysfunction and immune-inflammatory disturbances in experimentally infected rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41476-41491. [PMID: 35088282 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible ameliorative role of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) essential oil against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) deleterious effects in both blood and different tissues of rats by assessing the hematological, biochemical and immune-inflammatory parameters besides the histopathological alterations in the different organs. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups as follows: group I served as control, group II orally inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 at a dose of 1.0 × 109 cfu/ml, group III orally received 250 mg/kg BW T. vulgaris oil daily for 7 days and group IV orally inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 as the same dose of group II and orally received T. vulgaris oil as the same dose and duration of group III. Bacterial challenge in groups II and IV was once at the beginning of experiment and administration of oil began after 72 h from bacterial inoculation. At the end of the study, blood was sampled and complete blood picture, liver and kidney function alongside immunoglobulins and cytokines concentrations were estimated and tissues of large intestine (colon), liver and kidneys were collected for histopathological examinations. The results revealed that there was an increase of red blood cells count, hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration besides white blood cells and thrombocytes counts and substantial increment of serum markers of hepatorenal damage such as the activities of transaminases and concentrations of bilirubin (total, direct and indirect), total proteins, albumin, creatinine and urea in E. coli O157:H7-challenged group. Also, there was a considerable increase in serum immunoglobulins M and G, interleukin 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha as well as decreased serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, T. vulgaris oil could partially improve the hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by E. coli O157:H7 without any significant alterations in all measured parameters when used alone. The study concluded that the T. vulgaris oil relatively diminished the alterations in hematological parameters, hepatic and renal function markers and immune-inflammatory variables alongside the histopathological changes in different organs induced by E. coli O157:H7. The ameliorative effects of T. vulgaris oil are mediated through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Tarek H Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 1 Alzeraa Street, Zagazig City, Postal Code 44511, Sharkia Province, Egypt.
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Xie LY, Yang Z, Wang Y, Hu JN, Lu YW, Zhang H, Jiang S, Li W. 1- O-Actylbritannilactone Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Hepatotoxicity through Regulation of ROS/Akt/NF-κB-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18122-18130. [PMID: 35664604 PMCID: PMC9161245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
1-O-Acetylbritannilactone (ABL) is a marker component of Inula britannica L. and is reported to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, including antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. Although the protective effect of Inula britannica L. on animal models of liver injury has been widely reported, the effect of ABL on alcohol-induced liver damage has not been confirmed. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ABL against alcohol-induced LO2 human normal liver cell injury and to further clarify the underlying mechanism. Our results revealed that ABL at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 μM could remarkably suppress the decreased viability of LO2 cells stimulated by alcohol. In addition, ABL pretreatment improved alcohol-induced oxidative damage by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the excessive consumption of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), while increasing the level of catalase (CAT) in LO2 cells. Moreover, Western blotting analysis showed that ABL pretreatment activated protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, increased downstream antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression, and decreased the phosphorylation level of the caspase family including caspase 9 and caspase 3 proteins, thereby attenuating LO2 cell apoptosis. Importantly, we also found that ABL significantly inhibits the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by reducing the secretion of proinflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-1β). In conclusion, the current research clearly suggests that the protective effect of ABL on alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity may be achieved in part through regulation of the ROS/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis in LO2 cells. (The article path map has not been seen.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-ya Xie
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Jilin
Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun-nan Hu
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ya-wei Lu
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
- E-mail: . Phone/Fax: +86-431-84533304
| | - Wei Li
- College
of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural
University, Changchun 130118, China
- E-mail: . Phone/Fax: +86-431-84533304
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11
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Thymus fontanesii attenuates CCl4-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mild liver fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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The Effect of Thymus vulgaris on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2948966. [PMID: 35368767 PMCID: PMC8967521 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2948966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases, including diabetes, are involved in the development of liver disorders through changes in the expression of genes such as apoptosis-related genes. In the present study, the effect of Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) on hepatic enzyme activity and apoptosis-related gene expression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was examined. In this study, 50 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 200–220 g were divided into five groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Following 18 days, all the animals in different groups were weighed and blood samples were taken from their cardiac veins. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed 45 different compounds in the T. vulgaris, including thymol (39.1%), p-cymene (20.63%), and γ-terpinene (14.85%). The results showed a significant increase in liver enzymes (aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) in diabetic or STZ mice compared to the control group (healthy mice) (P < 0.0001). The levels of AST, ALT, and ALP in rats treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of T. vulgaris extract showed a significant decrease in these enzymes in comparison with diabetic rats (P < 0.0001). The expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes in the groups treated with thyme significantly decreased compared to diabetic mice (P < 0.0001), and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in the group receiving 400 mg/kg of thyme significantly increased compared to diabetic mice (P < 0.0001). Due to its antioxidant compounds, thyme improves the liver tissue cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice by reducing caspases 3 and 9 as well as increasing Bcl-2.
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Guo WL, Cao YJ, You SZ, Wu Q, Zhang F, Han JZ, Lv XC, Rao PF, Ai LZ, Ni L. Ganoderic acids-rich ethanol extract from Ganoderma lucidum protects against alcoholic liver injury and modulates intestinal microbiota in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:515-530. [PMID: 35281335 PMCID: PMC8913248 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury is mainly caused by excessive alcohol consumption and has become a global public health problem threatening human health. It is well known that Ganoderma lucidum possesses various excellent beneficial effects on liver function and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the underlying protective effect and action mechanism of ganoderic acids-rich G. lucidum ethanol extract (GLE) on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Results showed that oral administration of GLE could obviously inhibit the abnormal increases of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and also significantly protect the liver against alcohol-induced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and pathological changes. In addition, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GLE through reducing the hepatic levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and increasing the hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Compared with the model group, GLE intervention significantly ameliorated the intestinal microbial disorder by elevating the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_9, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Oscillibacter, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, norank_f_Clostridiates_vadinBB60_group, GCA-900066225, Bilophila, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-009, norank_f_Desulfovibrionaceae and Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, but decreasing the proportion of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Furthermore, liver metabolomic profiling suggested that GLE intervention had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice with excessive alcohol intake, especially the levels of some biomarkers involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, riboflavin metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Additionally, dietary supplementation with GLE significantly regulated the mRNA levels of key genes related to fatty acids metabolism, ethanol catabolism and inflammatory response in liver. Conclusively, these findings indicate that GLE has a potentially beneficial effect on alleviating alcohol-induced liver injury and may be developed as a promising functional food ingredient. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol extract of Gaoderma lucidum (GLE) is rich in ganoderic acids. GLE ameliorated lipid metabolism, antioxidant function and inflammatory response in mice with excessive alcohol intake. Liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was performed to reveal the underlying hepatoprotective effect of GLE. GLE intervention alleviated alcoholic liver injury partly through regulating the “gut-liver-metabolite”axis. Hepatic gene transcriptions related to lipid metabolism and inflammation were remarkablyinfluenced by GLE intervention.
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14
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, El-Nekeety AA, Mohammed HE, Elshafey OI, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS. Elimination of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of biosynthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rats via supplementation with whey protein-coated thyme essential oil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57640-57656. [PMID: 34089164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is growing dramatically; however, the toxicity of these biosynthesized particles against living organisms is not fully explored. Therefore, this study was designed to synthesize and characterize TiO2-NPs, encapsulation and characterization thyme essential oil (ETEO), and determination of the bioactive constituents of ETEO using GC-MS and evaluate their protective role against TiO2-NPs-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity in rats. Six groups of rats were treated orally for 30 days including the control group, TiO2-NPs (300 mg/kg b.w)-treated group, ETEO at low (50 mg/kg b.w) or high dose (100 mg/kg b.w)-treated groups, and TiO2-NPs plus ETEO at the two doses-treated groups. Blood and tissues were collected for different assays. The GC-MS results indicated the presence of 21 compounds belonging to phenols, terpene derivatives, and heterocyclic compounds. The synthesized TiO2-NPs were 45 nm tetragonal particles with a zeta potential of -27.34 mV; however, ETEO were 119 nm round particles with a zeta potential of -28.33 mV. TiO2-NPs administration disturbs the liver and kidney markers, lipid profile, cytokines, oxidative stress parameters, the apoptotic and antioxidant hepatic mRNA expression, and induced histological alterations in the liver and kidney tissues. ETEO could improve all these parameters in a dose-dependent manner. It could be concluded that ETEO is a promising candidate for the protection against TiO2-NPs and can be applied safely in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hagar E Mohammed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Arish, Egypt
| | - Ola I Elshafey
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Pan Y, Ning Y, Hu J, Wang Z, Chen X, Zhao X. The Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum ZS62 on DSS-Induced IBD by Regulating Oxidative Stress and the Immune Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9416794. [PMID: 34745426 PMCID: PMC8566036 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9416794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used DSS to establish an IBD mouse model to study the preventive effect of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) ZS62 on IBD in the context of oxidative stress and the immune response. We assessed the mitigating effect of this strain on IBD mice by examining the length of and histopathological changes in the colon, determining the serum antioxidant index and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of relevant genes. The study results showed that L. plantarum ZS62 could inhibit colonic atrophy in IBD mice, reduce the degree of colonic damage, downregulate the serum levels of MDA, MPO, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and the relative mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB p65 in mouse colon tissues, and upregulate the serum levels of CAT, T-SOD, and IL-10 and the relative mRNA and protein expression of Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, IL-10, and IκB-α in colon tissues. In summary, L. plantarum ZS62 exhibited a good preventive effect on DSS-induced IBD by regulating oxidative stress and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujing Ning
- Anorectal Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing 401320, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040 Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Chen
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
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16
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Bahri S, Mlika M, Nahdi A, Ben Ali R, Jameleddine S. Thymus Vulgaris Inhibit Lung Fibrosis Progression and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bleomycin in Wistar Rats. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1420-1430. [PMID: 34278915 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1952451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, devastating and fatal disease characterized by aberrant fibroblasts proliferation, oxidative stress and collagen accumulation in the interstitial tissue. We aimed to evaluate in the present study the efficacy of Thymus vulagris extract (TVE) on an experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM). Wistar rats were given a single dose of BLM (4 mg/kg, intratracheal), while TVE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered 3 days later and continued for 4 weeks. We reveled by HPLC analysis an important amount of phenolic bioactive compounds such as rosmarinic and vanillic acids. Our results showed a significant decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and an increase in lipid peroxidation compared to control group after BLM injection. Treatment with TVE (200 mg/kg) was able to normalize the level of these oxidative markers and to decrease collagen accumulation compared to BLM group. Moreover, this high dose of TVE have no renal or hepatic cytotoxic effects. This study allowed us to conclude that thyme extract has a strong antioxidant and antifibrotic activities due to its high content of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mona Mlika
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology, Abderhaman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Afef Nahdi
- Research Unit n° 17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (LR-17-ES-03), Technology Center of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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An iridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis balances intestinal microbiome disorder and alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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18
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Zhao L, Mehmood A, Yuan D, Usman M, Murtaza MA, Yaqoob S, Wang C. Protective Mechanism of Edible Food Plants against Alcoholic Liver Disease with Special Mention to Polyphenolic Compounds. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051612. [PMID: 34064981 PMCID: PMC8151346 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one type of liver disease, causing a global healthcare problem and mortality. The liver undergoes tissue damage by chronic alcohol consumption because it is the main site for metabolism of ethanol. Chronic alcohol exposure progresses from alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) to alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), which further lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular cancer. Therapeutic interventions to combat ALD are very limited such as use of corticosteroids. However, these therapeutic drugs are not effective for long-term usage. Therefore, additional effective and safe therapies to cope with ALD are urgently needed. Previous studies confirmed that edible food plants and their bioactive compounds exert a protective effect against ALD. In this review article, we summarized the hepatoprotective potential of edible food plants and their bioactive compounds. The underlying mechanism for the prevention of ALD by edible food plants was as follows: anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid regulation, inhibition of apoptosis, gut microbiota composition modulation, and anti-fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6898-4547
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Punjab 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.Z.); (A.M.); (M.U.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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El-Newary SA, Afifi SM, Aly MS, Ahmed RF, El Gendy AENG, Abd-ElGawad AM, Farag MA, Elgamal AM, Elshamy AI. Chemical Profile of Launaea nudicaulis Ethanolic Extract and Its Antidiabetic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:1000. [PMID: 33668635 PMCID: PMC7918448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Launaea nudicaulis is used in folk medicine worldwide to treat several diseases. The present study aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of L. nudicaulis ethanolic extract and its effect on diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. The extract was orally administrated at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 5-weeks and compared to glibenclamide as a reference drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. Administration of the extract exhibited a potential hypoglycemic effect manifested by a significant depletion of serum blood glucose concurrent with a significant elevation in serum insulin secretion. After 5-weeks, extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day decreased blood glucose levels by about 53.8 and 68.1%, respectively, compared to the initial values (p ≤ 0.05). The extract at the two dosages prevented weight loss of rats from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment, compared to diabetic control rats. The extract further exhibited marked improvement in diabetic complications including liver, kidney and testis performance, oxidative stress, and relative weight of vital organs, with respect to diabetic control. Histopathological examinations confirmed the previous biochemical analysis, where the extract showed a protective effect on the pancreas, liver, kidney, and testis that degenerated in diabetic control rats. To characterize extract composition, UPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS identified 85 chromatographic peaks belonging to flavonoids, phenolics, acyl glycerols, nitrogenous compounds, and fatty acids, with four novel phenolics reported. The potential anti-diabetic effect warrants its inclusion in further studies and or isolation of the main bioactive agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A. El-Newary
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (S.A.E.-N.); (A.E.-N.G.E.G.)
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed S. Aly
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (R.F.A.); (A.I.E.)
| | - Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (S.A.E.-N.); (A.E.-N.G.E.G.)
| | - Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt;
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Abdelbaset M. Elgamal
- Department of Chemistry of Microbial and Natural Products, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelsamed I. Elshamy
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (R.F.A.); (A.I.E.)
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20
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Lactobacillus plantarum KFY02 enhances the prevention of CCl4-induced liver injury by transforming geniposide into genipin to increase the antioxidant capacity of mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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21
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Pharmacokinetics and Protective Effects of Tartary Buckwheat Flour Extracts against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100913. [PMID: 32987897 PMCID: PMC7599602 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The grains of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) are traditionally consumed on a daily basis and are used in the preparation of diverse processed foods owing to the high concentration of rutin, an antioxidant compound. However, rutin is highly concentrated in hull and bran, but not in edible flour fractions. Rutin-enriched TB flour extracts (TBFEs) were obtained by hydrothermal treatment (autoclaving, boiling, or steaming) and their pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated following a single-dose oral administration in rats. The antioxidant and protective activities of the extracts against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were investigated after repetitive oral administration of TBFEs for 28 days prior to ethanol ingestion. The results demonstrated that rutin-enriched TBFEs had better oral absorption and was retained longer in the bloodstream than native TBFE or standard rutin. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and intracellular antioxidant levels increased in ALD rats following TBFE treatments, especially following the administration of rutin-enriched TBFEs. The antioxidant activity of TBFEs consequently contributed toward protecting the liver against injury caused by repetitive ethanol administration, as confirmed by analyzing relative liver weight, liver injury markers, lipid peroxidation, and calcium permeability. These results suggest the promising potential of TBFEs as antioxidant-enriched functional foods for human health.
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22
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Figueira LW, de Oliveira JR, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira LD. Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) extracts aid murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) to fight Streptococcus mutans during in vitro infection. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2269-2277. [PMID: 32535791 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Finding an effective alternative way to aid defense cells to fight Streptococcus mutans was the main goal of this study. The effect of plant extracts from Curcuma longa L. (turmeric), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary), and Thymus vulgaris L. (thyme) was evaluated on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) infected by S. mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined. Macrophages were infected by S. mutans and treated with each extract. From the supernatants, it was measured nitric oxide (NO) level. Posteriorly, RAW 264.7 were lysed to expose living and phagocytosed bacteria. Cytotoxicity was checked by lysosomal activity analysis, using neutral red assay. Each extract helped RAW 264.7 to eliminate S. mutans during infection, as observed by a significant bacterial reduction. Significant cell viability was also found. Besides, an increased production of NO was verified using R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L. extracts. The evaluated extracts demonstrated an effective action to assist RAW 264.7 to fight S. mutans during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Wagner Figueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
- Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Av. Dep. Benedito Matarazzo, 4050, São José dos Campos, SP, 12230-002, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
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El Euony OI, Elblehi SS, Abdel-Latif HM, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Sayed YS. Modulatory role of dietary Thymus vulgaris essential oil and Bacillus subtilis against thiamethoxam-induced hepatorenal damage, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity in African catfish (Clarias garipenus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23108-23128. [PMID: 32333347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide for its effective potential for controlling insects from the agricultural field, which might induce toxicity to the aquatic biota. In this study, the role of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis (BS) and a phytogenic oil extract of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) in the modulation of thiamethoxam (TMX)-induced hepatorenal damage, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity in African catfish (Clarias garipenus) has been evaluated. Fish were subjected to TMX (5 mg L-1) and fed with a diet either supplemented with BS (1000 ppm) or TVEO (500 ppm). The experiment lasted for 1 month. By the end of the experiment, blood was sampled for biochemical analysis and fish organs and tissues were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results showed a substantial increase of serum markers of hepatorenal damage such as the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine with an obvious decrease of serum protein levels in the TMX-intoxicated group. Also, there was a considerable increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. TMX remarkably suppressed serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst activity, and phagocytosis with a conspicuous elevation of the levels of interleukins (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 IL-6). The histopathological findings showed that TMX induced degenerative changes and necrosis in the gills, liver, head kidneys, and spleen of the intoxicated fish. Significant alterations of frequency, size, and area percentage of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), decreased splenocyte proliferation, and increased number of caspase-3 immunopositive cells were also observed. Contrariwise, the concurrent supplementation of either BS or TVEO in the diets of catfish partially mitigated both the histopathological and histomorphometric lesions of the examined tissues. Correspondingly, they improved the counts of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 immunopositive splenocytes. In conclusion, the co-administration of either BS or TVEO in catfish diets partially diminished the toxic impacts of TMX. Nonetheless, the inclusion of TVEO in the diets of catfish elicited better protection than BS against TMX-induced toxicity in response to its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia I El Euony
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Hany M Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Ansari S, Azarmehr N, Barmoudeh Z, Moslemi Z, Ghahremani H, Mirzaei A, Salehpour Z, Rabani MR, Doustimotlagh AH. Evaluation of the protective potential of hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus daenensis on acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03898. [PMID: 32514474 PMCID: PMC7266780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetaminophen (APAP) is an antinociceptive and antipyretic drug that can be useful in therapeutic doses, although it can cause serious damage to the kidney if used overdose. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of Thymus daenensis (TD) extract on APAP-induced kidney damage in rats. Methods Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, APAP (3 g/kg), TD (500 mg/kg), APAP + TD (500 mg/kg), and APAP + N- acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg). The APAP groups received APAP on the 6th day and the rats were sacrificed on the 7th day. Plasma levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea were measured. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide (NO) metabolite, total thiol (T-SH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and antioxidant enzymes activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) were measured in kidney tissue. The gene expression of TNF-α was also measured by real-time PCR. The histological examination of kidney tissue was also performed. Results Results showed that urea, Cr and FRAP markers markedly elevated in the APAP rats compared with the control group. There was a significant decrease in T-SH levels in the APAP animals in comparison with the control group. CAT activity also augmented in the APAP group compared to the control group. Urea and Cr levels were significantly decreased in the APAP + TD group in comparison with the APAP group. The administration of TD extract significantly increased the SOD enzyme activity. Histological findings were improved in the group treated with TD extract. Conclusion In general, the results indicate that TD extract can protect against APAP-induced nephrotoxicity by improving biochemical, histological and antioxidant effects. However, more studies are required to determine the mechanism of this extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Ansari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Nahid Azarmehr
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Barmoudeh
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mirzaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zeinab Salehpour
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rabani
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
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Skarupova D, Vostalova J, Rajnochova Svobodova A. Ultraviolet A protective potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:1-22. [PMID: 32188958 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Skarupova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochova Svobodova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Georgia-Eirini D, Athina S, Wim VB, Christos K, Theodoros C. Natural Products from Mediterranean Diet: From Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents to Dietary Epigenetic Modulators. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:825-844. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666190628150921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are, currently, the major contributor to global
mortality and will continue to dominate mortality rates in the future. Hyperlipidemia refers to the elevated
levels of lipids and cholesterol in the blood, and is also identified as dyslipidemia, manifesting in
the form of different disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. These abnormalities may lead to the development
of atherosclerosis, which can lead to coronary artery disease and stroke. In recent years, there
is a growing interest in the quest for alternative therapeutic treatments based on natural products, offering
better recovery and the avoidance of side effects. Recent technological advances have further improved
our understanding of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in hyperlipidemic disorders and dietary
prevention strategies.
Objective:
This is a comprehensive overview of the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of plant extracts, vegetables,
fruits and isolated compounds thereof, with a focus on natural products from the Mediterranean
region as well as the possible epigenetic changes in gene expression or cardiometabolic signaling
pathways.
Methods:
For the purpose of this study, we searched the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases
for eligible articles and publications over the last five years. The keywords included: “hyperlipidemia”,
“plant extract”, “herbs”, “natural products”, “vegetables”, “cholesterol” and others. We initially
included all relevant articles referring to in vitro studies, animal studies, Randomized Controlled
Trials (RCTs) and previous reviews.
Conclusion:
Many natural products found in the Mediterranean diet have been studied for the treatment
of hyperlipidemia. The antihyperlipidemic effect seems to be dose and/or consumption frequency
related, which highlights the fact that a healthy diet can only be effective in reversing disease markers
if it is consistent and within the framework of a healthy lifestyle. Finally, epigenetic biomarkers are increasingly
recognized as new lifestyle management tools to monitor a healthy dietary lifestyle for the
prevention of hyperlipidaemic disorders and comorbidities to promote a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deligiannidou Georgia-Eirini
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Sygkouna Athina
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Vanden Berghe Wim
- Lab of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kontogiorgis Christos
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
| | - Constantinides Theodoros
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, 68100, Greece
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Li X, He T, Wang X, Shen M, Yan X, Fan S, Wang L, Wang X, Xu X, Sui H, She G. Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Thymus. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900254. [PMID: 31381251 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) comprises about 214 species throughout the world, mainly found in North Africa, Europe, and temperate Asia zone. They are traditionally used as food additives and folk medicines. This review comprehensively summarizes information about traditional uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of this genus and provides recommendations for future investigations. All information was gathered from scientific databases including Google Scholar, Sci-Finder, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and CNKI. Volatile oils are the most concerned constituents of this genus. Flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, tannins, organic acids, terpenoids, and phytosterols were also summarized. This genus plants possessed a variety of activities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, analgesic, and antidiabetic. In brief, this review will be helpful to provide valuable data for explorations and create more interests towards Thymus genus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Ting He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Shusheng Fan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
| | - Hong Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, P. R. China
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El-Boshy ME, Refaat B, Qasem AH, Khan A, Ghaith M, Almasmoum H, Mahbub A, Almaimani RA. The remedial effect of Thymus vulgaris extract against lead toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, immunosuppression, and hematological disorders in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:22736-22746. [PMID: 31172438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) has been used in foods for the flavor, aroma, and preservation and in folk medicines. The objective of the present work was to determine the antioxidant and protective effects of T. vulgaris extract against lead (Pb)-intoxicated rats. A thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups and treated for six weeks as follows: group I (GP-I), served as negative control; GP-II, -III, and -IV received either Pb acetate in drinking water (500 mg/L), T. vulgaris extract (500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage or Pb acetate with T. vulgaris extract, respectively. Blood samples were collected at the end of the study week 6 to measure the hepatic and renal biochemical markers, complete blood count alongside the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Additionally, liver and kidney tissue specimens were collected for histopathology as well as to measure the antioxidant-reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) alongside the lipid peroxidation marker, malonaldehyde (MDA). The results indicated that Pb toxicity increased the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, whereas IL-10 and IFN-γ were reduced. The results showed disturbed liver and renal functions; increased serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, creatinine, and urea; and decreased total protein, albumin, and calcium. The GSH, Gpx, and CAT levels were significantly decreased in the Pb-administrated group, while MDA was increased. However, regarding the hepatorenal markers, those animals treated with T. vulgaris alone did not induce any significant changes. Moreover, the combined treatment with T. vulgaris extract together with Pb showed significant improvement in Pb-induced toxicity in all the tested parameters compared to the negative control group. We investigated the potential protective effects of the medicinal plant T. vulgaris in vivo, since there are no publications that address the potential protective effect of this leaf extract against Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Our studies concluded that the T. vulgaris extract reduces Pb overload in hepatorenal tissues, and that this has a potential immunomodulatory role, antioxidant activity, and a protective effect against Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia.
- Clinical Pathology Department, Fac. Vet. Med, Mansoura University Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Qasem
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anmar Khan
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Umm al Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A Almaimani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
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Protective Effect of Aqueous Extract from the Leaves of Justicia tranquebariesis against Thioacetamide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7070078. [PMID: 29932107 PMCID: PMC6070870 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the protective effect of Justicia tranquebariesis on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic fibrosis. Male Wister albino rats (150–200 g) were divided into five groups. Group 1 was normal control. Group 2 was J. tranquebariensis (400 mg/kg bw/p.o.)-treated control. Group 3 was TAA (100 mg/kg bw/s.c.)-treated control. Groups 4 and 5 were orally administered with the leaf extract of J. tranquebariensis (400 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) daily for 10 days with a subsequent administration of a single dose of TAA (100 mg/kg/s.c.). Blood and livers were collected and assayed for various antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GSH, and GR). Treatment with J. tranquebariensis significantly reduced liver TBARS and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in TAA-induced fibrosis rats. Concurrently, pretreatment with J. tranquebariensis significantly reduced the elevated liver markers (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and TB) in the blood. In addition, J. tranquebariensis- and silymarin- administered rats demonstrated the restoration of normal liver histology and reduction in fibronectin and collagen deposition. Based on these findings, J. tranquebariensis has potent liver protective functions and can alleviate thioacetamide-induced oxidative stress, hepatic fibrosis and possible engross mechanisms connected to antioxidant potential.
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