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Muha J, Schumacher A, Campisi SC, Korczak DJ. Depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2024; 200:107511. [PMID: 38788931 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder in youth is associated with obesity and adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Eating in response to emotions (emotional eating) is a potential contributing factor to this association. Although emotional eating is associated with Major Depressive Disorder in adults, findings in children and adolescents are mixed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the association between depression and emotional eating in children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted in seven databases. Studies were included if the study population had a mean age of ≤18 years and assessed both depression and emotional eating using validated measures. The search generated 12,241 unique studies, of which 37 met inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses of study outcomes were performed. Thirty-seven studies (26,026 participants; mean age = 12.4 years, SD = 3.1) were included. The mean effect size was significant for both cross-sectional and longitudinal data (Hedges' g = 0.48, p < 0.0001; g = 0.37, p = 0.002, respectively), revealing a positive moderately strong association between depressive symptoms and emotional eating in youth. Among longitudinal studies, the association was stronger when depressive symptoms and emotional eating were assessed using child and adolescent self-report versus parent-report. No studies examined youth with a clinical diagnosis of depression. Meta-analyses revealed that depressive symptoms and emotional eating are positively associated in children and adolescents. However, further research in clinical samples is needed. Results raise the possibility for the importance of emotional eating in the link between depression and early CVD risk, though further examination is required to determine whether emotional eating is a potential treatment target to decrease CVD risk among adolescents with increased depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Muha
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anett Schumacher
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan C Campisi
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Nutrition and Dietetics Program, Clinical Public Health Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Klimek-Johnson P, Yalch MM, Maguen S. Latent Profiles of Disordered Eating Among Veterans: Associations With Mental Health Concerns. Womens Health Issues 2024; 34:437-448. [PMID: 38627139 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying patterns in eating disorder (ED) classification are evident and may impact ED treatment and prevention. However, investigations of patterns of heterogeneity in ED presentations have been limited to civilian samples, despite the high prevalence of EDs in military personnel and veterans. The present study aimed to explore ED-related symptom patterns, including emotional overeating, in women veterans. METHODS Participants were 407 women veterans using health care services at a large Veterans Affairs health care system who completed mental health measures via surveys. Latent profile analyses were used to explore distinct ED symptom patterns (binge eating, purging, heavy exercise, positive and negative emotional overeating, dietary restraint, and shape/weight concerns). Subsequent auxiliary models explored associations with mental health concerns (depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, alcohol misuse, substance misuse), adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, and service branch. RESULTS A four-class solution demonstrated the best model fit, characterized as follows: 1) Low ED Concerns, 2) Moderate Dietary Restraint/Negative Emotional Eating, 3) High Binge/Emotional Eating, and 4) High ED Concerns. Although all profiles had moderate or higher levels of negative emotional overeating, the High Binge/Emotional Eating and High ED Concerns profiles were distinct in levels of dietary restraint and had the highest probabilities of positive emotional overeating. The High ED Concerns profile also had the most severe mental health concerns relative to the other profiles. CONCLUSIONS The identification of unique ED symptom patterns in women veterans can inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Klimek-Johnson
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | | | - Shira Maguen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Mental Health Service, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Jeune SC, Graziano P, Campa A, Coccia CC. The causal associations between interoception, self-regulation, non-purposeful eating behaviors, and weight status in college women: a longitudinal cross-lagged model analysis. Psychol Health 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38712828 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2352062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Excessive weight gain has led to increased obesity and mortality risk among college students. Issues with maintaining a healthy weight may be attributed to poor internal awareness and unhealthy eating behaviors. The study's purpose was to determine the longitudinal effects among interoception, self-regulation, nonpurposeful eating behaviors, and weight status (BMI) among college women. METHODS Data from 103 females were collected via Qualtrics over 3 timepoints (T1, T2, T3) during an academic semester. Repeated measures ANOVA and cross-lagged model analyses were used. Significant changes were found in interoceptive responsiveness, external, and uncontrolled eating throughout 3 timepoints. RESULTS Longitudinally, significant causal effects were found among the study measures. Among all models, higher interoceptive responsiveness (T1) predicted increased self-regulation (T2). Higher non-purposeful eating behaviors (T1) predicted reduced self-regulation (T2). Higher BMI (T1) predicted reduced non-purposeful eating behaviors (T2), however higher BMI (T2) predicted increased non-purposeful eating (T3) and reduced interoceptive responsiveness (T3). Significant causal effects were found within each non-purposeful eating behavior models. CONCLUSION Overall, the research study provided foundational evidence of the importance of self-regulatory skills to help prevent unhealthy eating behaviors and increased weight status in college women. Future interventions educating college women to become more internally aware and better self-regulate are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanté C Jeune
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana Campa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Catherine C Coccia
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Lin XX, Chen YH, Wang YZ, Sun YB, Wang N, Luo F, Wang JY. Soreness Reminds Me of Grief: Patients With Chronic Pain Show Less Differentiated Representations of Emotional Feelings and Bodily States. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:557-569. [PMID: 37742906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
People experience similarities between emotional feelings and bodily states on a daily basis, but both the magnitude and pervasiveness of this experiential similarity vary across individuals. Inspired by previous findings that chronic pain (CP) is characterized by strengthened pain-affect coupling and reduced interoceptive accuracy, we conducted 2 cross-sectional studies to examine whether patients with CP would exhibit less differentiated perception and mental representation of emotional feelings and bodily states. In study 1 (N = 500), patients with CP and healthy controls (HCs) completed a self-report questionnaire that asked explicitly about the perceived similarity between 5 basic emotion categories and a series of bodily states. In study 2 (N = 73), a specially designed false memory test was administered to examine whether patients with CP would have reduced differentiation of concepts of negative emotion and somatic distress. We found that patients with CP perceived greater and more pervasive similarities between emotional feelings and bodily states, as indicated by higher questionnaire scores and denser, less specialized bipartite emotion-body networks, both associated with lower subjective interoceptive accuracy. Furthermore, patients with CP formed false memories of negative emotion words (eg, grief) more readily than HCs after memorizing somatic distress words (eg, soreness), as if they represented negative emotion and somatic distress as a single, enmeshed semantic category. Our findings extend previous literature by demonstrating reduced discrimination between emotional and bodily experiences in CP that is not restricted to pain-related emotional and sensory experiences and may be related to a fundamentally less differentiated interoception. PERSPECTIVES: This study shows that patients with chronic pain have a profoundly less differentiated perception and implicit conceptualization of emotional feelings and bodily states, which appears to be associated with altered interoception. These findings may provide new perspectives on why they often experience a stronger pain-affect coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu-Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya-Bin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fei Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Monthuy-Blanc J, Faghihi U, Fardshad MNG, Corno G, Iceta S, St-Pierre MJ, Bouchard S. When Eating Intuitively Is Not Always a Positive Response: Using Machine Learning to Better Unravel Eaters Profiles. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5172. [PMID: 37629214 PMCID: PMC10455794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to identify eaters profiles using the latest advantages of Machine Learning approach to cluster analysis. METHODS A total of 317 participants completed an online-based survey including self-reported measures of body image dissatisfaction, bulimia, restraint, and intuitive eating. Analyses were conducted in two steps: (a) identifying an optimal number of clusters, and (b) validating the clustering model of eaters profile using a procedure inspired by the Causal Reasoning approach. RESULTS This study reveals a 7-cluster model of eaters profiles. The characteristics, needs, and strengths of each eater profile are discussed along with the presentation of a continuum of eaters profiles. CONCLUSIONS This conceptualization of eaters profiles could guide the direction of health education and treatment interventions targeting perceptual and eating dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Usef Faghihi
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et d’Informatique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3063, Ringuet, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Mahan Najafpour Ghazvini Fardshad
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Mathématiques et d’Informatique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3063, Ringuet, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Giulia Corno
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Sylvain Iceta
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée St-Pierre
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Sciences de l’Éducation, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Unité de Recherche Loricorps, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, (CR-IUSMM), 7331, Rue Hochelaga, Montreal, QC H1N 3V2, Canada
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 283, Boul Alexandre-Taché, Gatineau, QC J8X 3X7, Canada
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Fowler N, Mikhail ME, Neale M, Keel PK, Katzman DK, Sisk CL, Burt SA, Klump KL. Between- and within-person effects of stress on emotional eating in women: a longitudinal study over 49 days. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5167-5176. [PMID: 37650340 PMCID: PMC10471857 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with binge eating and emotional eating (EE) cross-sectionally. However, few studies have examined stress longitudinally, limiting understanding of how within-person fluctuations in stress influence EE over time and whether stress is a risk factor or consequence of EE. Additionally, little is known regarding how the biological stress response relates to EE. METHODS We used an intensive, longitudinal design to examine between-person and within-person effects of major life stress, daily stress, and cortisol on EE in a population-based sample of women (N = 477; ages 15-30; M = 21.8; s.d. = 3.0) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Participants reported past year major life stress, then provided daily ratings of EE and stress for 49 consecutive days. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was collected as a longitudinal biological stress measure. RESULTS Women reported greater EE when they experienced greater mean stress across days (between-person effects) or greater stress relative to their own average on a given day (within-person effects). Daily stress was more strongly associated with EE than major life stress. However, the impact of daily stress on EE was amplified in women with greater past year major life stress. Finally, participants with lower HCC had increased EE. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm longitudinal associations between stress and EE in women, and highlight the importance of within-person shifts in stress in EE risk. Results also highlight HCC as a novel biological stress measure that is significantly associated with EE and may overcome limitations of prior physiological stress response indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fowler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Megan E. Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Neale
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Debra K. Katzman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Sisk
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - S. Alexandra Burt
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Monthuy-Blanc J, Corno G, Bouchard S, St-Pierre MJ, Bourbeau F, Mostefa-Kara L, Therrien É, Rousseau M. Body perceptions, occupations, eating attitudes, and behaviors emerged during the pandemic: An exploratory cluster analysis of eaters profiles. Front Psychol 2022; 13:949373. [PMID: 36544438 PMCID: PMC9762356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted people's mental and physical health. Three areas have been significantly impacted, among others: eating-related behaviors, occupational balance, and exposure to self-image due to videoconferencing. This study aims to explore and document eaters profiles that were reported during the pandemic in the general Canadian population using a holistic perspective, including body perceptions, attitudes, and eating behaviors (i.e., body image, behaviors, attitudes, and motivations regarding food), and occupations (i.e., physical activity and cooking). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2020. Two hundred and seventy-three Canada's residents, French speaking of 18 years of age and older, participated in an online survey on behaviors, attitudes, and motivations regarding food and eating as well as body image and occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine the eaters profiles. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were conducted to differentiate occupational characteristics between eaters profiles. Results Three distinctive profiles were found during the COVID-19 pandemic and could be placed on a continuum: the Congruent-driven eater is at the functional pole of the continuum, whereas the Incongruent-driven eater is at the dysfunctional pole of the eaters continuum. In the middle of the continuum, the Incongruent-perceptual eater is at a critical crossing point. Significant differences were reported between eaters profiles. Discussion The empirical results based on an eaters continuum conceptualization highlight the importance of understanding how people perceive their body to assess and promote food well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Giulia Corno
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Cyberpsychologie Clinique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Cyberpsychologie Clinique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée St-Pierre
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francisca Bourbeau
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Leïla Mostefa-Kara
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émie Therrien
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Rousseau
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Rezaei Niyasar A, Moradi A, Radman N, Sadeghi M, Mahmoudi M. Is online self-regulatory training effective in weight control? A pilot experiment on adolescence obesity during coronavirus-19 lockdown. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2772. [PMID: 36209468 PMCID: PMC9660493 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that obesity is associated with decreased executive function. Impaired executive functions lead to poor self-regulation, which in turn may result in persistence of unhealthy behaviors, including eating behaviors, throughout life. Increasing self-regulation in childhood and adolescence has positive effects on creating healthy behaviors such as reducing unnecessary eating and changing unhealthy eating habits. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate an intervention package based on cognitive self-regulation training in changing eating behaviors and reducing obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS Fifty-six students with obesity aged 12-16 years participated in the study in three groups (cognitive self-regulation training [CSRT], diet, and control). The CSRT group received twenty 30-min online training sessions with a diet over 10 weeks. The diet group received only a diet with no other intervention, and the control group did not receive any intervention. RESULTS The results of our 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the CSRT group had a mean BMI decrease of 2.21 (kg/m2 ) after ten weeks, and 3.24 (kg/m2 ) at the follow-up time. The diet group had a BMI decrease of 0.49 (kg/m2 ) at the ten weeks. In addition, the results showed that the CSRT had a significant reduction in eating behaviors such as external eating and emotional eating. However, the other two groups showed no changes in eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that online cognitive self-regulation training has been effective in weight loss and eating behaviors. This study shows promising evidence for the efficacy of the online CSRT-training as a weight stabilization intervention in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Rezaei Niyasar
- Cognitive Psychology Department, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moradi
- Cognitive Psychology Department, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Radman
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Sadeghi
- Cognitive Psychology Department, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Psychiatry, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Klump KL, Mikhail ME, Anaya C, Fowler N, Neale M, Keel PK, Gearhardt AN, Katzman DK, Sisk CL, Burt SA. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on disordered eating symptoms in women: A 49-day, daily study before and during the outbreak in the United States. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2022; 131:769-779. [PMID: 35901416 PMCID: PMC9560955 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal data are needed to examine effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on disordered eating. We capitalized on an ongoing, longitudinal study collecting daily data to examine changes in disordered eating symptoms in women across 49 days that spanned the time before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Women from the Michigan State University Twin Registry (N = 402) completed daily questionnaires assessing a range of symptoms (e.g., binge eating, weight/shape concerns, liking/wanting of palatable food (PF) and whole foods, hunger). Dates of the first US COVID-19 case, first case in each participant's state, and onset of the initial stay-at-home orders (SHOs) were used to categorize women into those who completed all daily assessments prior to, during, or after these dates. We used mixed linear models and specification-curve analysis to examine between-person (i.e., differences between women assessed before vs during/after COVID-19) and within-person (i.e., changes in symptoms from days before to days after the dates) effects of the pandemic. Results showed significantly higher levels of binge-related pathology (e.g., odds of binge eating, liking/wanting of PF) in women who completed assessments during/after COVID-19 events, and significantly increased liking/wanting of PF in the days following the pandemic onset. By contrast, minimal between- or within-person differences were observed for other variables, including weight/shape concerns, compensatory behaviors, hunger, or liking/wanting whole foods. Overall, results suggest a specific effect of the pandemic on binge-related phenotypes in women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Neale
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, and Psychology
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10
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Kidwell KM, Reiter-Purtill J, Decker K, Howarth T, Doland F, Zeller MH. Stress and eating responses in adolescent females predisposed to obesity: A pilot and feasibility study. Appetite 2022; 179:106308. [PMID: 36100044 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how chronic stress, reactivity to acute stress, and obesogenic eating are linked in adolescent females predisposed to obesity. METHODS Participants included 21 adolescent females (mage = 14.57 years) and their biological mothers with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2). The pilot and feasibility study involved adolescent self-report of chronic stress, an acute stress-induction paradigm (Trier Social Stress Task, TSST), salivary cortisol collection to assess stress reactivity, and both subjective (self-report) and objective (snack buffet) measures of obesogenic eating. RESULTS Adolescent females reporting high chronic stress were significantly more likely to engage in self-reported emotional and external eating and to have higher food cravings (p's < .05) compared to adolescents with low chronic stress. Effect size estimates suggested a blunting effect of cortisol in the high chronic stress group. Blunted cortisol reactivity significantly predicted higher self-reported food cravings for the high chronic stress group (p = .04). Associations among chronic stress, cortisol, and self-reported and objective obesogenic eating reflected medium to large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS This study built on limited extant research on stress and eating to demonstrate that chronic stress was associated with self-reported obesogenic eating patterns in adolescent females predisposed to obesity. Different patterns of cortisol reactivity and eating emerged depending on chronic stress group (low versus high). Understanding these eating patterns in the context of chronic stress can inform interventions to reduce obesity risks in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kidwell
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Jennifer Reiter-Purtill
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kristina Decker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Taylor Howarth
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Faye Doland
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Meg H Zeller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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11
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Assessing feeder motivations and behaviour within couples using the Feeder Questionnaire. Appetite 2022; 179:106285. [PMID: 36030908 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study first aimed to provide additional validation for a new tool to measure Feeder Motivations and Behaviour. Second, it aimed to evaluate how feeder motivations and behaviour are enacted within romantic relationships and whether this reflects a reciprocal or linear dynamic. Participants completed the Feeder Questionnaire composed of six motivational subscales (affection; waste avoidance; status; hunger avoidance; offloading; manners) and one subscale to measure feeder behaviour, measures of eating behaviour (restrained, emotional and external eating) and their BMI. Participants were analysed as individuals (n = 190) and within couples as dyads (n = 76 couples). In terms of validation of the measure, analysis using the non-dyadic data showed good internal reliability for all subscales and moderate correlations between feeder behaviour and motivations and measures of eating behaviour. In terms of couple dynamics, dyadic data analysis indicated evidence for reciprocity within couples for BMI, feeder behaviour and feeder motivations relating to waste avoidance, affection, manners and status but not for hunger avoidance or offloading. Dyadic analysis also indicated evidence for a more linear relationship with one participant's feeder behaviour and motivations relating to their partner's emotional and external eating. This study therefore provides further support for the usefulness of the Feeder Questionnaire. The study also indicates that feeder behaviour is complex within couples and may function in a reciprocal way but also with one partner's behaviour impacting upon their partner in a more linear fashion.
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12
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Bernabéu-Brotóns E, Marchena-Giráldez C. Emotional Eating and Perfectionism as Predictors of Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder: The Role of Perfectionism as a Mediator between Emotional Eating and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163361. [PMID: 36014866 PMCID: PMC9415756 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Perfectionism has been linked to eating disorders and might be a risk factor for the appearance of eating pathologies. The aims of this study are (a) to verify the relationship between perfectionism, emotional eating (EE), binge eating (BE), and body mass index (BMI); (b) to identify the variables that predict BE symptoms and BMI; (c) to study the role of perfectionism as a mediator between EE and BMI. (2) Methods: 312 adult participants answered a cross-sectional survey that included the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and a sociodemographic questionnaire including BMI. (3) Results: The results suggest a direct correlation between EE, BE, and BMI, showing that EE is a powerful predictor of BE symptoms and BMI. Furthermore, two dimensions of perfectionism have a mediator role between EE and BMI, specifically doubts and actions and concern over mistakes: the presence of these two components of perfectionism reverses the relationship between EE and BMI. (4) Conclusions: These results have significant implications for the understanding of the two different (pathological) eating patterns: intake restriction and overeating and should be considered in intervention programs.
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13
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Fanton S, Azevedo LC, Vargas DM. Alexithymia in obese adolescents is associated with severe obesity and binge eating behavior. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:264-269. [PMID: 34273272 PMCID: PMC9432034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the occurrence of alexithymia in obese adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 102 obese adolescents. Sociodemographic, clinical, and psychometric data (alexithymia and binge eating) were analyzed The Brazilian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Binge Eating Scale were used for psychometric data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t-test, ANOVA, chi-square, linear regression, and logistic regression. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS A 22% occurrence of alexithymia was observed. Considering the category "possible alexithymia", half of the participants presented some alexithymic behavior. Adolescents with alexithymia had higher binge eating scores (alexithymia 16,2 versus possible alexithymia 11,7 versus no alexithymia 8,5; ANOVA p < 0,0005) and three times more binge eating behavior than adolescents with no alexithymia or possible alexithymia (alexithymia 36.4% versus 17.2% possible alexithymia versus 11.8% no alexithymia; chi-square = 6,2, p = 0.04). In simple linear regression, alexithymia scores were positively associated with binge eating scores (r2 = 0,4; p = 0,002). Binary logistic regression showed a three times higher probability of an adolescent with severe obesity to meet the criteria for alexithymia. CONCLUSIONS There was a 22% occurrence of alexithymia in obese adolescents. It was positively associated with obesity severity and higher binge eating scores, suggesting a relationship between severe obesity, alexithymia, and binge eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susane Fanton
- Universidade de Blumenau, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Coutinho Azevedo
- Universidade de Blumenau, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Deisi Maria Vargas
- Universidade de Blumenau, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
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14
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Cheng D, Wei M. Modified Dual Pathway Model for Binge Eating: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000221077936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We tested a modification of the dual pathway model using two sequential mediators between body dissatisfaction and binge eating: restricted eating and difficulties in emotion regulation replacing negative affect. A total of 435 college students completed an online survey. Results from path analyses indicated that the relationship between body dissatisfaction and binge eating was not mediated by restricted eating for neither women nor men. However, this relationship was mediated first by restricted eating and then by difficulties in emotion regulation for women only. Moreover, this relationship was mediated by difficulties in emotion regulation for both women and men. A post hoc analysis indicated that the above mediation results were still significant after adding negative affect into the model. No mediations through negative affect were significant. Clinical implications include the conceptualization and intervention of eating concerns within an emotion dysregulation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davelle Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Meifen Wei
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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15
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Novak JR, Robinson LP, Korn LE. What MFTs should know about nutrition, psychosocial health, and collaborative care with nutrition professionals. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:502-522. [PMID: 34264531 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite sufficient evidence on the role of nutrition in psychosocial health, Marriage and Family Therapists lack the knowledge for sufficient assessment and referrals in treatment. The purpose of this article is to orient MFTs to human metabolism and the effects of various nutrients, or lack thereof, on the psychosocial health in their clients. The roles of several micronutrients and macronutrients will be described as well as the effects of eating patterns and overall metabolic health on mental health. Finally, implications for MFTs as sole practitioners, domains for assessment and psychoeducation, and recommendations for collaborating with nutrition professionals will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh R Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lindsey P Robinson
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Leslie E Korn
- Private practice and specializing in mental health nutrition, Olympia, WA, USA
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16
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Guerrini Usubini A, Varallo G, Giusti EM, Cattivelli R, Granese V, Consoli S, Bastoni I, Volpi C, Castelnuovo G. The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility in the Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Eating in Adult Individuals With Obesity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:861341. [PMID: 35432111 PMCID: PMC9012297 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the role of psychological inflexibility in the relationship between anxiety and depression and emotional eating in a sample of 123 inpatient Italian adult individuals with obesity. Participants completed the Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Psychological General Well-Being Inventory, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and the Emotional Eating subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire to assess anxiety and depression, psychological inflexibility, and emotional eating, respectively. Results showed that the indirect effect of PGWBI-A on DEBQ-EE through AAQ-II was significant [b = -0.0155; SE = 0.076; 95% BC-CI (-0.0320 to -0.023)]. Similarly, the indirect effect of PGWBI-D on DEBQ-EE through AAQ-II was significant [b = -0.0383; SE = 0.0207; 95% BC-CI (-0.0810 to -0.0002)]. These findings may help to plan and develop specific psychological interventions aimed at addressing emotional eating through targeting psychological inflexibility to be included in obesity treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Granese
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Consoli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bastoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Volpi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Corno G, Paquette A, Monthuy-Blanc J, Ouellet M, Bouchard S. The Relationship Between Women’s Negative Body Image and Disordered Eating Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:856933. [PMID: 35401386 PMCID: PMC8987766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shed light on how the COVID-19 pandemic changed our lives, and most of them have documented its detrimental effect on eating habits. Until now, the effects of this global crisis on negative body image and its association with disordered eating behaviors remain largely understudied. This study aimed to investigate changes in frequency of disordered eating behaviors (i.e., restrictive eating, emotional eating, and overeating) and negative body image (i.e., shape and weight concern, and body dissatisfaction) among a community sample of women during the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020–May 2021). Furthermore, we explored the possible relation between body image-related variables and changes in the frequency of disordered eating behaviors in the context of the pandemic. A total of 161 self-identified female participants enrolled in an online-based survey. Descriptive statistics showed that women did not report clinically significant levels of weight and body shape concerns, but participants reported being dissatisfied with their body. One sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests revealed a tendency toward an increasing of the frequency of all disordered eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multinomial logistic regressions showed that weight concerns predicted an overall increase in the frequency of restrictive eating behaviors, whereas higher body dissatisfaction was associated with a moderate self-perceived increase in the frequency of emotional eating. These results shed light on a risk pattern of phenomena in a non-clinical sample of women, as they represent the key risk factors for the development of eating disorders. Findings could have implications for designing and implementing prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corno
- Laboratory of Cyberpsychology, Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- GR2TCA-Loricorps-Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Giulia Corno,
| | - Amélia Paquette
- Laboratory of Cyberpsychology, Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- GR2TCA-Loricorps-Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilou Ouellet
- GR2TCA-Loricorps-Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Laboratory of Cyberpsychology, Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
- GR2TCA-Loricorps-Groupe de Recherche Transdisciplinaire des Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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18
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Cella S, Cipriano A, Aprea C, Cotrufo P. Risk factors for binge eating severity among adolescent girls and boys. A structural equation modeling approach. Appetite 2021; 169:105825. [PMID: 34826528 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental bonding, low self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, and eating style are correlated with each other and are associated with binge eating among adolescents. However, no studies have yet examined all these variables simultaneously. In the current study, the independent and combined influences of such constructs on binge eating were tested with structural equation modeling. METHOD A sample of 973 students aged between 12 and 16 (M = 14.17, SD = 1.25) years was screened by means of self-report measures assessing parental bonding, self-esteem, emotion dysregulation, eating styles and binge eating severity. RESULTS Self-esteem (β = -0.205) and eating styles (emotional β = 0.313, external β = 0.133, and restrained β = 0.178) had a direct effect on binge eating severity. The model (χ2(22) = 57.679; RMSEA = 0.041; CFI = 0.987; TLI = 0.949; SRMR = 0.024) revealed that the paths from both maternal and paternal care and maternal overprotection to binge eating were mediated through low self-esteem, emotion dysregulation and each eating style, explaining 35% of the variance. DISCUSSION Findings provide support for a comprehensive theoretical-based model of risk factors for binge eating and suggest the possible mechanisms through which the quality of early parental relationships contribute to developing dysfunctional eating patterns. Treatment and prevention efforts should improve self-esteem and emphasize emotion regulation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cella
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - Annarosa Cipriano
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Cristina Aprea
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Cotrufo
- Observatory on Eating Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
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19
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Grohmann D, Laws KR. Two decades of mindfulness-based interventions for binge eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2021; 149:110592. [PMID: 34399197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are being increasingly used as interventions for eating disorders including binge eating. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess two decades of research on the efficacy of MBIs in reducing binge eating severity. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library for trials assessing the use of MBIs to treat binge eating severity in both clinical and non-clinical samples. The systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020182395). RESULTS Twenty studies involving 21 samples (11 RCT and 10 uncontrolled samples) met inclusion criteria. Random effects meta-analyses on the 11 RCT samples (n = 618: MBIs n = 335, controls n = 283) showed that MBIs significantly reduced binge eating severity (g = -0.39, 95% CI -0.68, -0.11) at end of trial, but was not maintained at follow-up (g = -0.06, 95% CI, -0.31, 0.20, k = 5). No evidence of publication bias was detected. On the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2, trials were rarely rated at high risk of bias and drop-out rates did not differ between MBIs and control groups. MBIs also significantly reduced depression, and improved both emotion regulation and mindfulness ability. CONCLUSION MBIs reduce binge eating severity at the end of trials. Benefits were not maintained at follow-up; however, only five studies were assessed. Future well-powered trials should focus on assessing diversity better, including more men and people from ethnic minority backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Grohmann
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Keith R Laws
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
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20
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Knejzlíková T, Světlák M, Malatincová T, Roman R, Chládek J, Najmanová J, Theiner P, Linhartová P, Kašpárek T. Electrodermal Response to Mirror Exposure in Relation to Subjective Emotional Responses, Emotional Competences and Affectivity in Adolescent Girls With Restrictive Anorexia and Healthy Controls. Front Psychol 2021; 12:673597. [PMID: 34566754 PMCID: PMC8461306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Body image disturbances and the attendant negative emotions are two of the major clinical symptoms of eating disorders. The objective of the present experimental study was to shed more light on the degree of association or dissociation between the physiological and emotional response to mirror exposure in patients with restrictive mental anorexia, and on the relationships between the physiological response and characteristics connected with emotional processing. Materials and Methods: Thirty adolescent girls with the restrictive type of anorexia and thirty matched healthy controls underwent bilateral measurement of skin conductance (SC) during rest, neutral stimulus exposure, and mirror exposure, and completed a set of measures focused on emotion regulation competencies, affectivity, and eating disorder pathology. Results: Compared to healthy controls, girls with restrictive anorexia rated mirror exposure as a subjectively more distressful experience. Differences in skin conductance response (SCR) were not significant; however, variance in SCR was substantially greater in the group of anorexia patients as compared to healthy controls. The overall skin conductance level (SCL) was lower in anorexia patients. Increase in SCR during mirror exposure, as opposed to exposure to neutral stimuli, was positively related to the tendency to experience negative emotions, interoceptive sensitivity, body dissatisfaction and suppression, but not to other symptoms of eating pathology or emotional awareness. A post hoc analysis suggested that physiological reactivity might be associated with interoceptive sensitivity to mirror exposure especially in anorectic patients. Conclusion: The study seems to demonstrate some degree of dissociation between psychophysiological reactivity and subjective response to body exposure in patients with restrictive anorexia. Factors affecting differences in psychophysiological responsiveness to body exposure in anorectic patients require further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terézia Knejzlíková
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Světlák
- Institute of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tatiana Malatincová
- Institute of Psychology and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Robert Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Chládek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Najmanová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Theiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavla Linhartová
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Kašpárek
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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21
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Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Improves Emotion Dysregulation Mainly in Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11090931. [PMID: 34575707 PMCID: PMC8470932 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is a transdiagnostic phenomenon in Eating Disorders (ED), and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) (which was developed for reducing dysregulated emotions in personality disorders) has been employed in patients with ED. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the effect of DBT was stronger on emotion dysregulation, general psychopathology, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in participants with ED, when compared to a control group (active therapy and waitlist). Eleven studies were identified in a systematic search in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Most studies included participants with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (n = 8), some with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) (n = 3), and only one with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The pooled effect of DBT indicated a greater improvement in Emotion Regulation (ER) (g = −0.69, p = 0.01), depressive symptoms (g = −0.33, p < 0.00001), ED psychopathology (MD = −0.90, p = 0.005), Objective Binge Episodes (OBE) (MD = −0.27, p = 0.003), and BMI (MD = −1.93, p = 0.01) compared to the control group. No improvement was detected in eating ER following DBT (p = 0.41). DBT demonstrated greater efficacy compared with the control group in improving emotion dysregulation, ED psychopathology, and BMI in ED. The limitations included the small number of studies and high variability.
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22
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Trevino SD, Kelly NR, Budd EL, Giuliani NR. Parent Gender Affects the Influence of Parent Emotional Eating and Feeding Practices on Child Emotional Eating. Front Psychol 2021; 12:654237. [PMID: 34566746 PMCID: PMC8460857 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.654237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extant research supports a direct association between parent's own emotional eating and their child's emotional eating, and demonstrates correlations among parent emotional eating, feeding practices, and child emotional eating. However, the majority of this work focuses on the separate influences of these factors. The current study aims to add to the literature by simultaneously examining the indirect effects of three major parental feeding practices (i.e., emotion regulation, instrumental, and restrictive feeding) in the association between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating, and exploring how these indirect effects vary based on parent gender. Parents (86 fathers, 324 mothers) of an elementary school-age child (M = 8.35, SD = 2.29, range = 5-13) completed an online survey through Qualtrics Panels. Results suggested that restrictive feeding partially accounted for the association between parent and child emotional eating in the combined sample of mothers and fathers. Exploratory analyses revealed that the indirect effects of parental feeding practices in the association between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating varied based on parent gender. Among mothers, restrictive feeding was the only feeding practice that partially accounted for the association between maternal and child emotional eating, whereas all three feeding practices fully accounted for the association between father and child emotional eating. As the bulk of the literature on parent emotional eating and feeding has solely focused on mothers, these findings offer insight into how feeding practices may differentially function in the relation between parent emotional eating and child emotional eating for mothers versus fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina D. Trevino
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Shaina D. Trevino,
| | - Nichole R. Kelly
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth L. Budd
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Nicole R. Giuliani
- Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences, Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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23
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Barnhart WR, Braden AL, Dial LA. Understanding the relationship between negative emotional eating and binge eating: The moderating effects of acting with awareness and non-reactive mindfulness. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1954-1972. [PMID: 33561322 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative emotional eating and binge eating are positively related, occur in diverse populations, and may be driven by similar mechanisms. Mindfulness facets such as acting with awareness, describe, non-judgement, non-reactive, and observe may moderate the relationship between these maladaptive eating phenotypes. METHOD A cross-sectional study assessed emotional eating-depression (Emotional Eating Scale-Revised, depression subscale), trait mindfulness facets (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form), and binge eating severity (Binge Eating Scale) in adults (N = 258). RESULTS Emotional eating-depression was less strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher acting with awareness mindfulness. Emotional eating-depression was more strongly associated with binge eating severity in participants with higher non-reactive mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS Acting with awareness and non-reactive mindfulness may be important treatment targets in concurrent presentations of emotional eating-depression and binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Abby L Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren A Dial
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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Wolz I, Biehl S, Svaldi J. Emotional reactivity, suppression of emotions and response inhibition in emotional eaters: A multi-method pilot study. Appetite 2021; 161:105142. [PMID: 33539909 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotional eating has been associated with high emotional reactivity, suppression of negative emotions and inhibitory control difficulties. The current study aimed to address the association of these factors and their combined effect on emotional eating. METHOD Twenty-eight participants conducted an emotional Go/Nogo task including pictures of neutral, negative and positive scenes and an additional emotion suppression condition. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded continuously. Emotional eating and habitual emotion suppression were assessed through questionnaires. Emotional reactivity to affective pictures was measured through a visual analogue scale and the amplitude of the electrophysiological late positive potential (LPP). Inhibition parameters were assessed behaviorally (i.e., commission errors) and through event-related potentials of the EEG (i.e., N2/P3-amplitudes). RESULTS The trait questionnaire data revealed that emotional eating was not correlated with habitual emotion suppression. During the emotional Go/Nogo paradigm, higher emotional eating scores were positively related to higher LPP amplitudes in response to negative affective scenes. Inhibitory control capacities were not related to emotional eating while watching neutral or negative pictures, but higher emotional eating scores were associated with more commission errors when negative emotions were suppressed. DISCUSSION Emotional eating tendencies seem to be related to higher reactivity when confronted with negative affective information and inhibitory control deficits may arise especially when an effort is made to suppress these negative emotions. Therefore, a focus on adaptive emotion regulation in treatments of emotional eating seems to be important; solely targeting inhibitory control capacities may not be sufficient in order to help people with emotional eating to regulate their food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Wolz
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Biehl
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Dol A, Bode C, Velthuijsen H, van Strien T, van Gemert-Pijnen L. Application of three different coaching strategies through a virtual coach for people with emotional eating: a vignette study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:13. [PMID: 33446275 PMCID: PMC7809774 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 13% of the world's population suffers from obesity. More than 40% of people with obesity display emotional eating behaviour (eating in response to negative emotions or distress). It is an alternate to more effective coping strategies for negative emotions. Our study explored the opportunities for helping adults with emotional overeating using a virtual coach, aiming to identify preferences for tailored coaching strategies applicable in a personal virtual coach environment. Three different coaching strategies were tested: a validating, a focus-on-change, and a dialectical one - the latter being a synthesis of the first two strategies. METHODS A qualitative study used vignettes reflecting the two most relevant situations for people with emotional eating: 1. experiencing negative emotions, with ensuing food cravings; and 2. after losing control to emotional eating, with ensuing feelings of low self-esteem. Applied design: 2 situations × 3 coaching strategies. PARTICIPANTS 71 adult women (Mage 44.4/years, range 19-70, SD = 12.86) with high scores on the DEBQ-emotional eating scale (Memo 3.65, range 1.69-4.92, SD = .69) with mean BMI 30.1 (range 18-46, SD = 6.53). They were recruited via dieticians' practices, were randomly assigned to the conditions and asked how they would face and react to the presented coaching strategies. Data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Qualitative results showed that participants valued both the validating coaching strategy and the focus-on-change strategy, but indicated that a combination of validation and focus-on-change provides both mental support and practical advice. Data showed that participants differed in their level of awareness of the role that emotions play in their overeating and the need for emotion-regulation skills. CONCLUSION The design of the virtual coach should be based on dialectical coaching strategies as preferred by participants with emotional eating behaviour. It should be tailored to the different stages of awareness of their emotions and individual emotion-regulation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Dol
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Bode
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Velthuijsen
- Institute for Communication, Media & IT, Hanze University, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana van Strien
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), University of Twente, De Zul 10, 7522 NJ Enschede, The Netherlands
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Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in Spanish Colleges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239090. [PMID: 33291442 PMCID: PMC7730267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) patterns have been shown to play a relevant role in the development of overweight problems. However, there is a gap in research aimed at validating questionnaires to assess EE in specific populations. The aim of the study was to analyze factor structure and psychometric properties of Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in Spanish universities. EEQ, state-anxiety subscale of STAI and a questionnaire about health habits were filled out by 295 students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) by using Unweight Least Squares (ULS) method was carried out. To determine factor numbers we used eigenvalues, parallel analysis, and goodness of fit statistics. Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlations were used to analyze reliability, convergent, and concurrent validity. The parallel analysis and goodness of fit statistics showed that unifactorial structure of seven items was the most appropriate what accounted for 57% of the variance. Internal consistency was good (α = 0.753), as well as convergent validity (r = 0.317; p < 0.001). Concurrent validity was significant for three of the five criteria (r = −0.224; p < 0.001 and r = −0.259; p < 0.001). The results suggest some differences in the structure of the psychometric assessment of EE in sub-clinical population in comparison with previous studies carried on with an overweight population, what could be relevant to obesity prevention.
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Reexamining the restraint pathway as a conditional process among adolescent girls: When does dieting link body dissatisfaction to bulimia? Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1031-1043. [PMID: 31658908 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The mediational sequence from body dissatisfaction through dieting to bulimia-often referred to as the "restraint pathway"-has been validated in numerous samples of adolescent girls, but the prevalence rate of bulimic pathology pales in comparison to rates of body dissatisfaction and dieting in this risk group. This discrepancy indicates that the restraint pathway may only apply to adolescent girls possessing certain characteristics or experiencing certain circumstances. Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating roles of thin-ideal internalization, interoceptive deficits, and age by using self-report data from a community sample of 353 middle school (n = 115), high school (n = 112), and college girls (n = 126). We found that (a) body-dissatisfied girls who reported high, versus low, thin-ideal internalization engaged in greater dietary restraint; (b) only dieters who reported high interoceptive deficits and were of college age expressed bulimic symptoms; and (c) the mediating effect pertained only to college girls with high interoceptive deficits, but was strongest for those who reported high, versus low, thin-ideal internalization. These results suggest that the restraint pathway's precision may be fine-tuned through greater sensitivity to potentiating factors and developmental context. Theoretical, empirical, and practical implications are discussed.
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Liu H, Yang Q, Luo J, Ouyang Y, Sun M, Xi Y, Yong C, Xiang C, Lin Q. Association between Emotional Eating, Depressive Symptoms and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms in College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Hunan. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1595. [PMID: 32485841 PMCID: PMC7352624 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore associations between emotional eating, depression and laryngopharyngeal reflux among college students in Hunan Province. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1301 students at two universities in Hunan. Electronic questionnaires were used to collect information about the students' emotional eating, depressive symptoms, laryngopharyngeal reflux and sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were collected to obtain body mass index (BMI). RESULTS High emotional eating was reported by 52.7% of students. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18.6% and that of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms 8.1%. Both emotional eating and depressive symptoms were associated with laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms (AOR = 3.822, 95% CI 2.126-6.871 vs. AOR = 4.093, 95% CI 2.516-6.661). CONCLUSION The prevalence of emotional eating and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students should be pay more attention in the future. Emotional eating and depressive symptoms were positively associated with laryngopharyngeal symptoms. The characteristics of emotional eating require further study so that effective interventions to promote laryngopharyngeal health among college students may be formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China; (H.L.); (Q.Y.); (J.L.); (Y.O.); (M.S.); (Y.X.); (C.Y.); (C.X.)
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Limbers CA, Larson M, Young D, Simmons S. The Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C): development and preliminary validation of a short-form. Eat Disord 2020; 28:213-229. [PMID: 30929603 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2019.1580124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The 25-item Emotional Eating Scale for children and adolescents (EES-C) is a psychometrically sound instrument that measures the extent to which youth eat in response to negative emotions. Nonetheless, questionnaire length may serve as a barrier to routine administration in clinical and school settings, and diminish the likelihood of the measure being utilized in population-wide health studies. The present study reported on the development and preliminary validation of a short-form of EES-C using data from two previously published studies. Guidelines for the development of short-form questionnaires, content and factor analyses, and other indices including standard deviations, item-total correlations, inter-item correlations, Cronbach's alpha without the item, and floor/ceiling effects were examined to develop a 10-item EES-C Short-Form. The EES-C Short-Form demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, including good internal consistency reliability (alpha = .87) and a high degree of overlapping variance with the original EES-C Total Score and Subscale Scores (r = .71 to .96). The EES-C Short-Form also manifested a unidimensional factor structure in an Exploratory Factor Analysis, supporting construct validity. Taken together, results from the current study provide preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of a 10-item EES-C Short-Form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Limbers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Maddie Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Young
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie Simmons
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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Scoffier-Mériaux S, d'Arripe-Longueville F, Woodman T, Lentillon-Kaestner V, Corrion K. High-level athletes' motivation for sport and susceptibility to doping: The mediating role of eating behaviours. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:412-420. [PMID: 32105185 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1736642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Both doping (e.g. Hodge, K., Hargreaves, E. A., Gerrard, D. F., & Lonsdale, C. (2013). Psychological mechanisms underlying doping attitudes in sport: Motivation and moral disengagement. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35, 419-432.) and eating behaviours (e.g. Hagger, M. S., Chatzisarantis, N. L., & Harris, J. (2006). From psychological need satisfaction to intentional behaviour: Testing a motivational sequence in two behavioural contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 131-148.) have been studied independently within the SDT framework, but no research has examined these variables concomitantly to better understand the relationships between motivation for sport and doping variables. We therefore examined the mediating role of eating behaviour in the relationship between SDT constructs for sport motivation and athletes' susceptibility to doping. Bootstrapped mediation analyses were performed for 171 male and female athletes with competitive experience in various sports. The analyses revealed that healthy eating behaviours significantly mediated the relationship between SDT motivational constructs and susceptibility to doping. The findings enrich our theoretical understanding of how the SDT approach to motivation for sport might provide insight into the susceptibility to doping; that is, through the potential mediating role of healthy eating behaviours. Finally, the potential central position of eating behaviours in the motivation-doping relationship opens up a potential swathe of novel research, with investigations into eating behaviours at the forefront of future research on the psychology of doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Scoffier-Mériaux
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Human Motricity Expertise Sport and Health (LAMHESS - EA 6312), Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Fabienne d'Arripe-Longueville
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Human Motricity Expertise Sport and Health (LAMHESS - EA 6312), Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Tim Woodman
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Karine Corrion
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Laboratory of Human Motricity Expertise Sport and Health (LAMHESS - EA 6312), Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
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Mediation of emotional and external eating between dieting and food intake or BMI gain in women. Appetite 2020; 145:104493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Willem C, Nandrino JL, Doba K, Roussel M, Triquet C, Verkindt H, Pattou F, Gandolphe MC. Interoceptive reliance as a major determinant of emotional eating in adult obesity. J Health Psychol 2020; 26:2118-2130. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105320903093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the association between emotional eating, emotion dysregulations, and interoceptive sensibility in 116 patients with obesity by distinguishing an “awareness” and a “reliance” component of interoceptive sensibility. Deficits in interoceptive awareness were only associated with more emotional eating in obesity through less interoceptive reliance and more emotion dysregulations. The results suggest that good interoceptive awareness can increase the risk of emotional eating if not supported by good interoceptive reliance. Interoceptive reliance, like the ability to trust, positively consider, and positively use inner sensations, should be a privileged target of psychotherapeutic interventions in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Willem
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Karyn Doba
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Méline Roussel
- CETRADIMN Diabetology Center, Roubaix Hospital, Roubaix, France
| | - Claire Triquet
- Departmental Hospital of Felleries-Liessies, Sorle le chateau, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- General and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Gandolphe
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
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Martin E, Dourish C, Rotshtein P, Spetter M, Higgs S. Interoception and disordered eating: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:166-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sultson H, Akkermann K. Investigating phenotypes of emotional eating based on weight categories: A latent profile analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:1024-1034. [PMID: 31199018 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the phenotypes of individuals with emotional eating (EE) based on their levels of positive and negative EE, body mass index (BMI), and preoccupation with weight, and to assess differences in eating pathology and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties among them. METHOD A community sample of 605 women (mean age = 29.8 years, SD = 9.6; mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2 , SD = 4.7) filled out the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale, Eating Disorders Assessment Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Data of BMI, positive EE, negative EE, and preoccupation with body weight were submitted to a latent profile analysis. RESULTS A four-profile model was discovered with normal weight individuals without EE (63%), normal weight individuals with EE (23%), overweight individuals without EE (9%), and obese individuals with EE (5%). A five-profile model was also included, as a class of normal weight individuals with positive EE was found. Obese and normal weight individuals with EE showed the highest level of ER difficulties and eating pathology. Overweight individuals without EE showed moderate levels of eating pathology and low levels of ER difficulties, suggesting that high BMI itself might not be related to eating disorder (ED) psychopathology. Normal weight individuals with positive EE showed low levels of eating pathology, but moderate levels of ER difficulties. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that negative EE could be an important risk factor for disordered eating, independent of BMI. Further, individuals with EE could benefit from learning adaptive ER strategies to prevent the onset or maintenance of ED or weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Sultson
- Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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35
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Willem C, Gandolphe MC, Roussel M, Verkindt H, Pattou F, Nandrino JL. Difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in interoceptive awareness in moderate and severe obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:633-644. [PMID: 31243741 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Difficulties in emotion regulation and deficits in interoceptive awareness may be responsible for overeating and weight gain in obesity by increasing the risks of problematic eating behaviors. This study aimed to: (1) examine emotion regulation difficulties and interoceptive deficits in obesity; (2) compare the emotion regulation and interoceptive abilities of moderately and severely obese patients. METHODS Participants were recruited through the university, diabetology centers and bariatric surgery departments. A total of 165 participants were categorized in three groups, matched by age and gender, according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). The severely obese (SO), moderately obese (MO) and normal weight (NW) groups were constituted of 55 participants each. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess emotion regulation difficulties (CERQ-DERS) and interoceptive awareness (MAIA-FFMQ). RESULTS Overall, obese participants reported more emotion regulation difficulties and less interoceptive awareness than NW participants did. They also reported a lack of planning strategies and emotional awareness, as well as less ability to observe, notice and trust body sensations. No differences in emotion regulation and interoceptive abilities were found between MO and SO participants. CONCLUSIONS Emotion regulation and interoceptive awareness should be targeted in the psychotherapeutic care of obese people, regardless of their BMI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Willem
- SCALab Laboratory, Department of Psychology, UMR 9193, CNRS, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France.
| | - Marie-Charlotte Gandolphe
- SCALab Laboratory, Department of Psychology, UMR 9193, CNRS, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France
| | - Méline Roussel
- Diabetology Center, CETRADIMN, Hospital of Roubaix, Roubaix, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, INSERM U1190, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- General and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Lille, INSERM U1190, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Nandrino
- SCALab Laboratory, Department of Psychology, UMR 9193, CNRS, University of Lille, Villeneuve d'ascq, France
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van den Tol AJ, Ward MR, Fong H. The role of coping in emotional eating and the use of music for discharge when feeling stressed. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Strien T, Beijers R, Smeekens S, Winkens LHH, Konttinen H. Parenting quality in infancy and emotional eating in adolescence: Mediation through emotion suppression and alexithymia. Appetite 2019; 141:104339. [PMID: 31265858 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between parenting quality at age 15 and 28 months and emotional eating (EE) at age 12 and 16 years through serial mediation by suppression of emotions and alexithymia at 12 years. The sample included 129 children and their parents. Lower parental quality in infancy was related to more suppression of emotions, which in turn was related to more difficulty identifying emotions, and in turn to higher EE in adolescence. This serial mediation model was significant for EE at 12 years, and for EE at 16 years. If future studies reveal converging findings, this knowledge points to the need for programs preventing the development of EE in adolescence through increasing the quality of parenting in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana van Strien
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanny Smeekens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H H Winkens
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles Chair Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Eating Behaviours and Food Cravings; Influence of Age, Sex, BMI and FTO Genotype. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020377. [PMID: 30759834 PMCID: PMC6412354 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that eating behaviours and food cravings are associated with increased BMI and obesity. However, the interaction between these behaviours and other variables such as age, sex, BMI and genetics is complex. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings, and to examine the influence of age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genotype on these relationships. A total of 475 participants (252 female, 223 male, BMI: 25.82 ± 6.14 kg/m2, age: 30.65 ± 14.20 years) completed the revised 18-question version of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18) to assess cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating, and the Food Cravings Inventory (FCI) to assess cravings for fatty food, sweet food, carbohydrates and fast food. DNA samples were genotyped for the rs9939609 polymorphism in the obesity-linked gene FTO. Questionnaire data was analysed for associations between the TFEQ-R18 and FCI subscales for the whole study group, and the group divided by sex, genotype and age (≤25 years versus >25 years). Finally, mediation analysis was used to explore the relationships between BMI, cognitive restraint and food cravings. FTO AA + AT genotype was associated with increased BMI, but not with differences in eating behavior scores or food craving scores; age was associated with increased BMI and decreases in food craving scores in which this effect was stronger in women compared to men. Increased cognitive restraint was associated with decreased food craving scores in the ≤25 years group. Mediation analysis demonstrated that in this group the association between BMI and reduced food cravings was mediated by cognitive restraint indicating that in this age group individuals use cognitive restraint to control their food cravings. The positive correlation between age and BMI confirms previous results but the findings of this study show that age, sex, FTO genotype and BMI have an influence on the relationships between eating behaviours and food cravings and that these variables interact.
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van Strien T, Beijers R, Smeekens S, Winkens LHH. Duration of breastfeeding is associated with emotional eating through its effect on alexithymia in boys, but not girls. Appetite 2019; 132:97-105. [PMID: 30315844 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE), or eating in response to negative emotions, was earlier shown to be associated with difficulty in identifying emotions (alexithymia). To improve our understanding of possible causes of alexithymia and EE, we assessed possible associations with duration of breastfeeding in infancy. The aim of the present study was to examine in a prospective, longitudinal study whether duration of breastfeeding is associated with EE in adolescence, through its effect on alexithymia difficulty identifying emotions, and whether this mediation effect is contingent on gender. Our hypothesis was that longer duration of breastfeeding would be associated with lower EE in adolescence through its effect on lower alexithymia difficulty identifying feelings in boys but not in girls (Moderated mediation). The sample included 129 children and their families (67 boys and 62 girls). Duration of breastfeeding was reported by the mother when the infant was 15 months old. Alexithymia difficulty identifying feelings (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and EE (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) were reported by the child at 12 years of age. EE was also reported by the child at 16 years of age. Moderated mediation was significant for EE at 12 years, and borderline significant for EE at 16 years. As hypothesized, for boys but not for girls, longer duration of breastfeeding was related to less difficulties in identifying feelings, resulting in lower degrees of EE in adolescence. It is concluded that breastfeeding in infancy may protect boys against EE through its positive association with better ability to identify feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana van Strien
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Roseriet Beijers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanny Smeekens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | - Laura H H Winkens
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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40
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Individual determinants of emotional eating: A simultaneous investigation. Appetite 2018; 130:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Puccio F, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Buck K, Krug I. Negative urgency and the dual pathway model of bulimic symptoms: A longitudinal analysis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:34-48. [PMID: 30318838 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study extends the dual pathway model (DPM) of bulimic symptoms by considering the bidirectional effects amongst symptoms of depression, dietary restraint, and bulimia. We also assessed the influence of negative urgency, a personality construct associated with bulimic symptoms, on the DPM. METHOD Participants were 244 females (Mage = 23.77 years) from the general community. Variables pertinent to the DPM as well as negative urgency were assessed at baseline, and symptoms of depression, dietary restraint, and bulimia were reassessed at 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Excellent model fit was obtained once modifications were made to the DPM and the extended model that included negative urgency. Cross-sectional paths replicated the DPM as hypothesized, with the exception that time 1 (T1) body mass index failed to predict T1 body dissatisfaction. Although no bidirectional effects were observed, T1 depression predicted dietary restraint at time 2 (T2). Negative urgency was shown to provide incremental predictive utility of T1 pressure to be thin, T1 body dissatisfaction, and T1 and T2 depression. CONCLUSION Findings lend support to the DPM and suggest that depression might be a risk factor for later dietary restraint. The results are also consistent with the notion that negative urgency may be an independent risk factor for symptoms of bulimia. However, short-term longitudinal effects of these putative risk factors require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Puccio
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly Buck
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Advance Care Planning Australia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jenkinson PM, Taylor L, Laws KR. Self-reported interoceptive deficits in eating disorders: A meta-analysis of studies using the eating disorder inventory. J Psychosom Res 2018; 110:38-45. [PMID: 29764604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An impairment of the ability to sense the physiological condition of the body - interoception - has long been proposed as central to the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. More recent attention to this topic has generally indicated the presence of interoceptive deficits in individuals with an eating disorder diagnosis; however, possible links with specific diagnosis, BMI, age, illness duration, depression, and alexithymia remain unclear from individual studies. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a necessary quantitative overview of self-reported interoceptive deficits in eating disorder populations, and the relationship between these deficits and the previously mentioned factors. METHODS Using a random effects model, our meta-analysis assessed the magnitude of differences in interoceptive abilities as measured using the Eating Disorder Inventory in 41 samples comparing people with eating disorders (n = 4308) and healthy controls (n = 3459). Follow-up and moderator analysis was conducted, using group comparisons and meta-regressions. RESULTS We report a large pooled effect size of 1.62 for eating disorders with some variation between diagnostic groups. Further moderator analysis showed that BMI, age and alexithymia were significant predictors of overall effect size. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis is the first to confirm that large interoceptive deficits occur in a variety of eating disorders and crucially, in those who have recovered. These deficits may be useful in identifying and distinguishing eating disorders. Future research needs to consider both objective and subjective measures of interoception across different types of eating disorders and may fruitfully examine interoception as a possible endophenotype and target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Jenkinson
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Lauren Taylor
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Keith R Laws
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Eating in response to negative emotions (EE) may be an explanatory factor of the weight regain of many dieters. This narrative review presents evidence on possible causes of EE and the association of EE with depression and obesity and discusses implications of these findings for the treatment of obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Possible causes of EE are high dietary restraint, poor interoceptive awareness, alexithymia, emotion dysregulation and a reversed hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) stress axis. EE may be the outcome of inadequate parenting or depressive feelings in interaction with genetic susceptibility. There is also robust evidence that EE is a mediator between depression and obesity. The association of EE with depression and poor emotion regulation skills suggests that the treatment of obese people with high EE should not focus on calorie-restricted diets but on emotion regulation skills. The DEBQ (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) enables such a matched treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana van Strien
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fernandes J, Ferreira-Santos F, Miller K, Torres S. Emotional processing in obesity: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2018; 19:111-120. [PMID: 29024361 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of emotional functioning in the development and maintenance of obesity has been investigated, but the literature is poorly integrated. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore emotional processing impairments in obesity. PubMed, Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO databases were searched in March 2016, yielding 31 studies comparing emotional processing competencies in individuals with obesity, with or without binge eating disorder (BED), and control groups. Meta-analyses demonstrated that individuals with obesity had higher scores of alexithymia (d = 0.53), difficulty in identifying feelings (d = 0.34) and externally oriented thinking style (d = 0.31), when compared with control groups. On other competencies, patients with obesity, especially those with comorbid BED, reported lower levels of emotional awareness and difficulty in using emotion regulation strategies, namely, reduced cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, and greater suppression of expression. No evidence of impaired ability to recognize emotions in others or verbally express emotions was found. A general emotion-processing deficit in obesity was not supported. Instead, an emotional avoidance style may occur modulating later responses of emotion regulation. Additional research is needed to extend the comprehension of these conclusions and the role of BED in emotional functioning in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fernandes
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - F Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - K Miller
- School Psychology, School of Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Torres
- Centre for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Boutelle KN, Braden A, Knatz-Peck S, Anderson LK, Rhee KE. An open trial targeting emotional eating among adolescents with overweight or obesity. Eat Disord 2018; 26:79-91. [PMID: 29384462 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1418252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating is associated with obesity and disordered eating in adolescents, and thus, is an important target for treatment. We developed a program called PEER (Preventing Emotional Eating Routines), which incorporates emotion regulation skills with behavioral weight loss and parenting techniques for adolescents who are overweight or obese (OW/OB) and their parent. This open label trial evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of the PEER program. Thirty adolescents who were OW/OB (86.7% female; mean age = 14.6 years (SD = 1.2); Body Mass Index (BMI) = 34.0 kg/m2 (SD = 5.6); 33.3% White non-Hispanic) and their parent (66.7% biological mother) participated in a 4-month treatment and 3-month follow-up. The PEER program was well accepted. Initial efficacy showed significant decreases in emotional eating, and there were trends towards weight loss and a decrease in emotion dysregulation. This trial provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of the PEER program among adolescents who are OW/OB and their parent. Further treatment development and randomized controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- a Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Abby Braden
- b Department of Pediatrics , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Psychology , Bowling Green University , Bowling Green , OH , USA
| | | | - Leslie K Anderson
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- b Department of Pediatrics , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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Positive and negative emotional eating have different associations with overeating and binge eating: Construction and validation of the Positive-Negative Emotional Eating Scale. Appetite 2017; 116:423-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Binge eating is a distressing symptom common to bulimia nervosa (BN), anorexia nervosa binge/purge subtype (AN-BP) and binge-eating disorder (BED). Over the last 40 years, many attempts have been made to conceptualise this symptom in terms of its antecedents, function, triggers, consequences, and maintaining factors. Cognitive theories of binge eating have evolved as new evidence has emerged. This literature review summarises the main and most influential cognitive models of binge eating across different eating disorder presentations. Many theories have examined binge eating in the context of restriction or compensatory behaviours, as is often observed in cases of BN. Few theories have examined binge eating as it occurs in BED specifically. The long-term efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment based on these models leaves much to be desired, and indicates that there may be maintaining factors of binge eating not addressed in the typical CBT treatment for eating disorders. More recent cognitive models of binge eating propose possible maintaining beliefs, but further study is required to validate these models. Suggestions for future research are presented.
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Emotional and Interoceptive Awareness and Its Relationship to Restriction in Young Women with Eating Disorders and Healthy Controls: a Cascade from Emotional to Behavioral Dysregulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41470-017-0006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Ford T, Lee H, Jeon M. The emotional eating and negative food relationship experiences of obese and overweight adults. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2017; 56:488-504. [PMID: 28398148 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2017.1301620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity pose serious public health problems, affecting 68.8% of Americans. Previous research indicated that psychological factors played important roles in an individual's motivation to consume food. In particular, emotional eating, defined as overeating in response to negative affect, has received particular attention as a risk factor for obesity. This study explored and addressed the emotional factors involved in the development of emotional eating. A total of 10 Midwestern American male and female adults, previously diagnosed as medically overweight and obese, were recruited via online and print advertisement using maximum variation and snowball sampling methods. Using a semi-structured, face-to-face interview format, participants shared their perspectives about the development and persistence of emotional eating. The interviews were transcribed and Atlas.ti software was used to assist in thematic analysis of emotional eating. Study results yielded themes, such as emotional triggers, food cravings, comfort from foods, mindless eating, and childhood experiences. Findings indicated that participants generally lacked emotional self-care, but desired to decrease their emotional eating behaviors. Implications are discussed to construct creative, evidence-based treatments for the overweight and obese emotional eaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Ford
- a College of Health and Human Services , Bowling Green State University-Firelands , Huron , Ohio , USA
| | - HeeSoon Lee
- b Social Work Program, Department of Human Services , Bowling Green State University , Huron , Ohio , USA
| | - MinJeong Jeon
- c Cambridge Pediatrics, LIC , National Harbor , Maryland , USA
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50
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Kidwell KM, Nelson TD, Nelson JM, Espy KA. A Longitudinal Study of Maternal and Child Internalizing Symptoms Predicting Early Adolescent Emotional Eating. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:445-456. [PMID: 27694277 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine maternal and child internalizing symptoms as predictors of early adolescent emotional eating in a longitudinal framework spanning three critical developmental periods (preschool, elementary school, and early adolescence). Methods Participants were 170 children recruited at preschool age for a longitudinal study. When children were 5.25 years, their mothers completed ratings of their own internalizing symptoms. During the spring of 4th grade, children completed measures of internalizing symptoms. In early adolescence, youth completed a measure of emotional eating. Results Maternal and child internalizing symptoms predicted adolescent emotional eating. The results indicated that child psychopathology moderated the association between maternal psychopathology (except for maternal anxiety) and early adolescent emotional eating. There was no evidence of mediation. Conclusions Pediatric psychologists are encouraged to provide early screening of, and interventions for, maternal and child internalizing symptoms to prevent children's emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer Mize Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.,Office of Research, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.,Department of Psychology, University of Arizona
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