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Di Sante J, Frayn M, Angelescu A, Knäuper B. Proof-of-concept testing of a brief virtual ACT workshop for emotional eating. Appetite 2024; 199:107386. [PMID: 38692511 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating, or eating in response to negative emotions, is a commonly reported short-term emotion regulation strategy but has been shown to be ineffective in the long term. Most emotional eating interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) have been delivered in the context of weight loss trials, highlighting a need for ACT-based emotional eating interventions in weight-neutral contexts. AIMS This proof-of-concept study aimed to test the acceptability and efficacy potential of a brief virtual ACT workshop for emotional eating in a small sample of adults identifying as emotional eaters. METHODS Twenty-six adult emotional eaters completed an ACT workshop delivered in two 1.5-h sessions over two weeks. The workshop targeted awareness and acceptance of emotions and eating urges, and valued actions around eating. RESULTS The acceptability of the workshop was demonstrated by high participant satisfaction. Significant improvements on all outcome measures were found and maintained up to 3 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS These proof-of-concept findings suggest that a brief virtual ACT workshop may improve emotional eating and associated ACT processes. Results from this study can inform a future randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of the workshop and the role of theoretical processes of change. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04457804. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series with the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallory Frayn
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Bärbel Knäuper
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Xu Y, Song J, Ren Y, Barnhart WR, Dixit U, Ji F, Chen C, He J. Negative emotional eating patterns in general Chinese adults: A replication and expansion study examining group differences in eating disorder symptomatology, psychosocial impairment, and emotion regulation difficulties. Eat Behav 2024; 54:101899. [PMID: 38936286 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Previous research identified four patterns of negative emotional eating in American and Chinese university students and proposed future directions (e.g., exploring potential differences in emotion regulation across patterns and replicating the patterns in a general, non-student population). Furthermore, prior research has not explored group differences in muscularity-oriented eating disorder symptomatology or psychosocial impairment. Therefore, the present study addressed these gaps in a sample of general Chinese adults, further testing group differences in typical and muscularity-oriented eating disorder symptomatology, psychosocial impairment, and emotion regulation difficulties across patterns of negative emotional eating. A total of 600 Chinese adults were recruited. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used. Results replicated the four patterns of negative emotional eating in previous research, including non-emotional eating (non-EE), emotional over- and under-eating (EOE-EUE), emotional over-eating (EOE), and emotional under-eating (EUE). Significant class differences were identified in eating disorder symptomatology, psychosocial impairment, and emotion regulation difficulties. Specifically, individuals with EOE and EOE-EUE patterns exhibited higher eating disorder symptomatology, higher psychosocial impairment, and more emotion regulation difficulties than those with non-EE and EUE patterns. Therefore, these two classes (i.e., EOE and EOE-EUE), especially the poorly researched EOE-EUE group, should be further examined to elucidate research and clinical applications. Furthermore, findings underscore the role of emotion regulation difficulties in further describing the differences across these negative emotional eating patterns, which can be considered in future interventions for reducing negative emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China.
| | - Jianwen Song
- Department of Education Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Yaoxiang Ren
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China.
| | - Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Urvashi Dixit
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Chun Chen
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China.
| | - Jinbo He
- Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, PR China.
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Hashemi Javaheri FS, Ostadrahimi A, Nematy M, Arabi SM, Rahmani K, Amini M. The effect of a low-calorie, high-protein diet on psychometric variables in obese individuals: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:818-825. [PMID: 37859298 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2261680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last decade has seen the increased prevalence of obesity as a public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. At the same time, studies have shown that there is a two-way relationship between low-calorie diets and depression in obese individuals. This study was designed and implemented to investigate the effect of a low-calorie high-protein diet on psychometric variables in obese individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a Randomized Clinical Trial. Individuals meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (low-calorie diet with increased protein percentage) or the control group (standard protein percentage) using block stratification. Psychometric characteristics of the participants were evaluated using the DASS-21 questionnaire. RESULTS There were no significant differences in enrollment between the two groups with respect to anthropometric variables, body composition, and physical activity (p-value > .05). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of psychological variables (depression, anxiety and stress) (p-value > .05). However, the intervention groups had significantly lower depression and anxiety scores 15 days into the intervention (p-value < .05). After 30 and 60 days of intervention, significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of depression, stress, and anxiety (p-value < .05), indicating a relative improvement in psychometric variables in the intervention group (p-value < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that low-calorie diets with a high-protein percentage can significantly improve psychometric variables in obese people.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20221101056371N1..
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi Javaheri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Arabi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amini
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Stone RA, Haycraft E, Blissett J, Farrow C. Utilising online paradigms to explore the effect of boredom and sadness on children's snack choice: The role of parental feeding practices and child temperament. Appetite 2024; 198:107366. [PMID: 38648954 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) is defined as eating in response to negative emotions (e.g., sadness and boredom). Child temperament and parental feeding practices are predictive of child EE and may interact to shape child EE. Previous research has demonstrated that children eat more when they are experiencing sadness, however, boredom-EE (despite how common boredom is in children) has yet to be explored experimentally using remote methodologies. The current study explores whether feeding practices and child temperament interact with mood to predict children's snack selection in an online hypothetical food choice task. Using online experimental methods, children aged 6-9-years (N = 347) were randomised to watch a mood-inducing video clip (control, sadness, or boredom). Children completed a hypothetical food choice task from images of four snacks in varying portion sizes. The kilocalories in children's online snack choices were measured. Parents reported their feeding practices and child's temperament. Results indicated that the online paradigm successfully induced feelings of boredom and sadness, but these induced feelings of boredom and sadness did not significantly shape children's online food selection. Parental reports of use of restriction for health reasons (F = 8.64, p = .004, n2 = 0.25) and children's negative emotionality (F = 6.81, p = .009, n2 = 0.020) were significantly related to greater total kilocalorie selection by children. Three-way ANCOVAs found no evidence of any three-way interactions between temperament, feeding practices, and mood in predicting children's online snack food selection. These findings suggest that children's hypothetical snack food selection may be shaped by non-responsive feeding practices and child temperament. This study's findings also highlight different methods that can be successfully used to stimulate emotional experiences in children by using novel online paradigms, and also discusses the challenges around using online methods to measure children's intended food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Stone
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B47 ET, UK.
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Jacqueline Blissett
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B47 ET, UK.
| | - Claire Farrow
- School of Psychology and Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B47 ET, UK.
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Suwalska J, Łukasik S, Cymerys M, Suwalska A, Bogdański P. Determinants of Weight Status and Body, Health and Life Satisfaction in Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1484. [PMID: 38794722 PMCID: PMC11124030 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Health behaviors include behavioral patterns and habits that relate to health maintenance, restoration and improvement. They do not only affect the physical condition; they are also associated with life satisfaction. In our study, we focused on young adulthood, a specific lifespan period for establishing long-term health behavior patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate depressive symptoms, lifestyle and eating behaviors and delineate their associations with overweight/obesity and body, health and life satisfaction in young adults in Poland. We enrolled 800 students (81.4% females and 18.6% males). Diet, physical activity, depressive symptoms, eating behaviors and body, health and life satisfaction were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed. Almost half of the participants in our study had at least mild symptoms of depression. Symptoms of depression significantly reduced the odds of satisfaction with body, health and life, whereas physical activity increased them. Overweight/obesity significantly reduced the odds of body and health satisfaction. In women, a history of depression and emotional eating increased the odds of being overweight/obese. The results of our study may contribute to the development of educational programs and intervention strategies for young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Suwalska
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Łukasik
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Cymerys
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-786 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suwalska
- Department of Mental Health, Chair of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
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Carandang RR, Epel E, Radin R, Lewis J, Ickovics J, Cunningham S. Association between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors among racially diverse pregnant women in four selected clinical sites in the United States. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241246353. [PMID: 38584400 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241246353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background: Mindful eating is a promising strategy to address problematic eating behaviors; however, little is known about its applicability during pregnancy. No studies have examined the combined effects of mindful and practical eating skills on eating behaviors. Aim: We examined associations between mindful and practical eating skills and eating behaviors (nutritional intake and emotional eating) among pregnant women who received psychoeducation on healthy eating and pregnancies. Methods: Participants were racially-diverse pregnant women (14-42 years) from four clinical sites in Detroit, Michigan, and Nashville, Tennessee (N = 741). We conducted multiple linear regression to examine associations between mindful (hunger cues, satiety cues, mindful check-ins) and practical (food diary/journal, MyPlate method) eating skills and nutritional intake. We calculated residualized change scores to represent changes in the quality of nutritional intake from second to third trimester. We performed multiple logistic regression to examine associations between mindful and practical eating skills and emotional eating. Results: Women improved over time in eating behaviors (better nutrition, less emotional eating). Regular use of MyPlate was associated with better nutritional intake (unstandardized coefficient [B] = -0.61), but food diaries were not. We found a significant interaction in predicting emotional eating: For those regularly paying attention to hunger cues, some use of MyPlate (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.39) and especially regular use of MyPlate (AOR = 0.13) reduced the likelihood of emotional eating during pregnancy. Conclusion: Enhancing both mindful and practical eating skills, such as paying attention to hunger cues, and using the MyPlate method, may facilitate pregnant women's ability to improve their eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogie Royce Carandang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Radin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeannette Ickovics
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shayna Cunningham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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7
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Riedy DR, Ghose SM, Sabet SM, Reid MP, Williams CM, MacPherson A, Dautovich ND. A comprehensive investigation of the association between menopause symptoms and problematic eating behavior in peri- and post-menopause cisgender women. Women Health 2024; 64:317-329. [PMID: 38616232 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2024.2325559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Midlife individuals assigned female at birth are at risk for problematic eating behavior, associated with negative health outcomes. Little is known about how menopausal symptoms may increase risk in this population. The current study aimed to understand how a comprehensive range of menopause symptoms were globally associated with problematic eating behaviors. A total of 281 cisgender women (176 post-menopause, 105 peri-menopause) from the United States aged 40 to 64 were recruited utilizing Prolific, an online survey platform. Participants answered questionnaires about menopause symptoms and problematic eating. Participants were selected using demographic and health information provided in a screener survey. Participants also completed the Eating Disorder Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Using Structural Equation Modeling, menopause symptoms explained 16.7 percent of the variance in problematic eating. Higher frequency and severity of anxiety, depression, sleep concerns, cognitive complaints, pain, and vasomotor symptoms was associated with greater frequency and severity of problematic eating behaviors, β = .40, p < .001. Invariance testing showed no significant differences between peri- and postmenopausal women. These findings support the association between menopause symptoms and problematic eating in Midlife cisgender women and highlight the need for continued investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Riedy
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah M Ghose
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sahar M Sabet
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan P Reid
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire M Williams
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashley MacPherson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Natalie D Dautovich
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Zuniga SS, Flores MR, Albu A. Role of Endogenous Opioids in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Eating Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 35:329-356. [PMID: 38874731 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45493-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This second chapter in our trilogy reviews and critically appraises the scientific evidence for the role of endogenous opioid system (EOS) activity in the onset and progression of both obesity and eating disorders. Defining features of normative eating and maladaptive eating behaviors are discussed as a foundation. We review the scientific literature pertaining to the predisposing risk factors and pathophysiology for obesity and eating disorders. Research targeting the association between obesity, disordered eating, and psychiatric comorbidities is reviewed. We conclude by discussing the involvement of endogenous opioids in neurobiological and behavior traits, and the clinical evidence for the role of the EOS in obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana Stephano Zuniga
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Marcela Rodriguez Flores
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Witaszek T, Babicki M, Brytek-Matera A, Mastalerz-Migas A, Kujawa K, Kłoda K. Maladaptive Eating Behaviours, Generalised Anxiety Disorder and Depression Severity: A Comparative Study between Adult Women with Overweight, Obesity, and Normal Body Mass Index Range. Nutrients 2023; 16:80. [PMID: 38201910 PMCID: PMC10780963 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Causes of obesity are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition as well as behavioural, psychological, social, and hormonal influences. We aimed to compare adult women with normal weight, overweight, and obesity, with a focus on maladaptive eating behaviours, the presence of generalised anxiety disorder, and the severity of depression. Additionally, we explored the context of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy and the status of bariatric surgery. (2) Methods: The sample was composed of 1105 adult women. The following measures, through the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI), were used in the present study: the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18), the 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7), and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). (3) Results: All domains of the TFEQ-R18 had correlations with Body Mass Index (BMI). There was a weak negative association between BMI and Cognitive Restraint (r = -0.172, p < 0.001) and a weak positive relationship between BMI and Uncontrolled as well as Emotional Eating (r = 0.165, p < 0.001; r = 0.191, p < 0.001, respectively). Women who screened positive for anxiety scored lower in the Cognitive Restraint domain (10.11 ± 3.58, p = 0.042) and higher in the Uncontrolled Eating (12.69 ± 6.04, p < 0.001) and Emotional Eating (5.29 ± 2.75, p < 0.001) domains. Similarly, women screening positive for depression had lower scores in Cognitive Restraint (9.88 ± 3.61, p < 0.001) and higher scores in Uncontrolled Eating (12.64 ± 6.09, p < 0.001) and Emotional Eating (5.31 ± 2.71, p < 0.001). A significant association between liraglutide and semaglutide administration and Cognitive Restraint was observed. (4) Conclusions: Individualised treatment for obesity should consider the existing and confirmed association between maladaptive eating behaviours and generalised anxiety disorder, as well as the severity of depression influencing the BMI altogether. The use of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy needs further exploration because the evidence for the use of liraglutide and semaglutide in terms of positive associations with eating behaviours is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Witaszek
- Hipokrates Przychodnia Lekarzy Rodzinnych i Specjalistów, ul. Powstańców WIelkopolskich 1a, 64-330 Opalenica, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Eating Behavior Laboratory (EAT Lab), Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, ul. J. Dawida 1, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland;
| | | | - Krzysztof Kujawa
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Kłoda
- MEDFIT Karolina Kłoda, ul. Narutowicza 13E/11, 70-240 Szczecin, Poland;
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Ha OR, Lim SL. The role of emotion in eating behavior and decisions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1265074. [PMID: 38130967 PMCID: PMC10733500 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1265074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper aims to provide the latest perspectives and future directions on the association between emotions and eating behavior. We discussed individual differences in the impact of negative emotions on eating, emotional eating as disinhibited eating decisions with heightened reward values of and sensitivity to palatable foods in response to negative emotions and social isolation, in addition to emotional eating as maladaptive coping strategies under negative emotion and stress, hedonic (pleasure-oriented) eating decisions mediated by the brain reward system, and self-controlled (health-oriented) eating decisions mediated by the brain control system. Perspectives on future directions were addressed, including the development of early eating phenotypes in infancy, shared neural mechanisms mediated by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in emotion and eating decision regulation, possible roles of interoception incorporating hunger and satiety signals, gut microbiome, the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex, and emotional processing capacities in hedonic eating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Lark Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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11
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Le TP, Jin L, Kang N. Sexual, gendered, and internalized racism's associations with disordered eating among sexual minority Asian American men: Emotional eating as mediator. Eat Disord 2023; 31:533-552. [PMID: 37032549 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2023.2201024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Research related to disordered eating among sexual minority Asian American men is scarce. Thus, the present study utilized an intersectional framework to examine how three different forms of racism (i.e. sexual racism, gendered racism, and internalized racism) are associated with disordered eating among sexual minority Asian American men, as well as the mediating role of emotional eating. A cross-sectional survey containing the study's measures of interest were administered to participants. The final sample consisted of 180 sexual minority Asian American men. Both sexual racism and internalized racism were positively associated with disordered eating whereas gendered racism was not associated with disordered eating Emotional eating mediated the association between internalized racism and disordered eating, though it did not mediate the association between sexual racism and disordered eating. Researchers and practitioners are encouraged to utilize an intersectional framework that takes into account multiple forms of racism, especially sexual racism and internalized racism, when considering this underrepresented population's disordered eating. Results also demonstrate the importance of addressing racism in eating disorder prevention efforts among sexual minority Asian American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Le
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Maryland
| | - Lily Jin
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Maryland
| | - Naru Kang
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of Maryland
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12
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Cantor A, Radix A. LGBTQ-competent obesity prevention and management. JAAPA 2023; 36:29-32. [PMID: 38634479 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0001016412.60110.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Obesity is a complex and largely preventable disease that is an enormous burden to patient health and to the healthcare system. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) patients and their healthcare providers should be aware of their personal risks and causes of weight gain and obesity. Sensitive, comprehensive, and competent LGBTQ preventive care and treatment are needed to address the needs of this population, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare inequalities. Research is needed to further evaluate the confluence of obesity and metabolic risk factors in LGBTQ patients, and to develop prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk for obesity-related comorbidities, chronic disease, and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Cantor
- At Callen-Lorde Community Health Center in New York City, Aviva Cantor is HIV quality coordinator and Asa Radix is senior director of research and education. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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13
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Sun S, Nardi W, Murphy M, Scott T, Saadeh F, Roy A, Brewer J. Mindfulness-Based Mobile Health to Address Unhealthy Eating Among Middle-Aged Sexual Minority Women With Early Life Adversity: Mixed Methods Feasibility Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46310. [PMID: 37751273 PMCID: PMC10565623 DOI: 10.2196/46310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minority women (lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, and other nonheterosexual women) remain considerably underrepresented in health research despite being at a higher risk for diabetes and obesity as well as stigma and psychological distress than their heterosexual peers. In addition, early life adversity (ELA) is prevalent among sexual minority women, which further increases risks for obesity, psychological distress, and poor cardiovascular health. App-based mindfulness interventions are potentially promising for this group in mitigating the adverse health effects of ELA, reducing food craving and unhealthy eating, addressing the risks associated with obesity. OBJECTIVE This mixed methods feasibility trial aimed to test a mindfulness-based mobile health approach for middle-aged sexual minority women (aged 30-55 years) with ELA and overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) to improve health outcomes. METHODS The single-arm trial was advertised on social media and various lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer web-based groups. At baseline, after the intervention (2 months), and at the 4-month follow-up, participants completed assessments of primary outcomes (food craving, emotional eating, and weight via a mailed scale) and secondary outcomes (depression, anxiety, mindfulness, and emotion dysregulation). A standardized weight measure was mailed to participants for weight reporting. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed after the intervention via surveys and semistructured exit interviews. RESULTS We screened 442 individuals, among which 30 eligible sexual minority women (mean age 40.20, SD 7.15 years) from various US regions were enrolled in the study. At baseline, 86% (26/30) and 80% (24/30) of participants had elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Among the 30 enrolled participants, 20 (66%) completed all intervention modules, 25 (83%) were retained at the 2-month follow-up, and 20 (66%) were retained at the 4-month follow-up. None reported adverse effects. From baseline to the 4-month follow-up, large effects were found in food craving (Cohen d=1.64) and reward-based eating (Cohen d=1.56), whereas small effects were found with weight (Cohen d=0.20; 4.21 kg on average). Significant improvements were also found in the secondary outcomes (depression, Cohen d=0.98; anxiety, Cohen d=0.50; mindfulness, Cohen d=0.49; and emotion dysregulation, Cohen d=0.44; all P<.05). Participants with higher levels of parental verbal and emotional abuse were particularly responsive to the intervention. Participants reported that the program aligned with their goals and expectations, was easy to use, and facilitated changes in eating behavior and mental health. Barriers to engagement included the need for diverse teachers, individualized support, and body positive language. CONCLUSIONS This early phase feasibility trial provides proof-of-concept support for a mindfulness mobile health approach to improve obesity-related outcomes among sexual minority women and warrants a larger randomized controlled trial in the future. The findings also suggest the need to address trauma and psychological health when addressing weight-related outcomes among sexual minority women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - William Nardi
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew Murphy
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ty Scott
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frances Saadeh
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexandra Roy
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Judson Brewer
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Mindfulness Center at Brown, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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14
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Almadni NA, Alsenany SA, Abusabeib ZA, Ibrahim HK. A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Relationship Between BMI and Nursing Students' Emotional Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2813-2820. [PMID: 37727278 PMCID: PMC10506599 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s415209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Having a weight problem can cause emotional distress, especially in students, who suffer from both issues at a high rate. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic's negative impact on society, these problems can be significantly impacted. The study aims to investigate the relationship between nursing students' BMI and their mental well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 423 students from the second through fourth baccalaureate years of Science of Nursing program - KSA. The instrument for the study was an online questionnaire distributed to the students via Google Forms during the academic year 2021-2022 to collect data on the emotional state of students directly as a result of COVID-19 restrictions and limitations. The statistical analysis was carried out through Chi-square test was used to compare categorical data between groups and the Pearson coefficient is used to determine the correlation between two quantitative variables with normal distribution. Results There is a significant correlation between BMI with depression score, anxiety score and stress score. Higher BMI indicated 6.4 times more likeliness to have depression than lower BMI (OR = 6.4). Students who had higher BMI were 2.7 times more likely to have anxiety than those who had lower BMI (OR = 2.7), and 9.4 times more likely to have stress than those who had lower BMI (OR = 9.4). Conclusion Study findings indicate that nursing students' BMI increases as depression, anxiety, and stress increase. During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants reported increased weight due to increased stress levels and increased eating. Students in nursing should be aware of the importance of adopting healthy habits and following a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura A Almadni
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira A Alsenany
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinab A Abusabeib
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala K Ibrahim
- Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671Saudi Arabia
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15
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Sun S, Chen S, Wang Z, Xiong Y, Xie S. Social Networking Site Use and Emotional Eating Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents: The Effects of Negative Social Comparisons and Perspective-Taking. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:768. [PMID: 37754046 PMCID: PMC10525161 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating has emerged as a significant disordered eating and public health concern among adolescents. Despite the widespread prevalence of social networking site (SNS) use among this population, research investigating the influence of SNS use on adolescent eating behaviors remains limited. This study is to examine the impact of SNS use on emotional eating among Chinese adolescents, with a specific focus on exploring the mediating role of negative social comparisons and the moderating effect of perspective-taking. Data were obtained through an online survey involving 778 middle school students in China. The findings indicate that SNS use exerts a positive influence on adolescents' engagement in emotional eating, with this association being mediated by the presence of negative social comparisons. Perspective-taking demonstrated a protective role in the context of adolescents' utilization of social media platforms. For individuals characterized by high levels of perspective-taking, the effects of SNS use on negative social comparisons are mitigated, subsequently reducing its impact on emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Sun
- Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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16
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Pruccoli J, Mack I, Klos B, Schild S, Stengel A, Zipfel S, Giel KE, Schag K. Mental Health Variables Impact Weight Loss, Especially in Patients with Obesity and Binge Eating: A Mediation Model on the Role of Eating Disorder Pathology. Nutrients 2023; 15:3915. [PMID: 37764699 PMCID: PMC10537364 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various mental health and eating behavior variables have been independently associated with predicting weight loss in individuals with obesity. This study aims to investigate a mediation model that assesses the distinct contributions of these variables in predicting weight changes in patients with obesity following an outpatient behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI). METHODS General mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity), eating behavior (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger), eating disorder pathology, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in a group of 297 patients with obesity at the admission of a BWLI program. BMI was re-evaluated during the final treatment session. A mediation model was employed to examine whether mental health and eating behavior variables predicted BMI changes, with eating disorder pathology serving as a mediator. The model was tested both overall and within two patient subgroups: those with regular binge eating (≥four episodes/month) and those without. RESULTS In the overall sample (n = 238), the relationships between depression, impulsivity, and cognitive restraint with BMI change were mediated by eating disorder pathology. In the subgroup with regular binge eating (n = 99, 41.6%), the associations between stress and disinhibition with BMI change were additionally mediated by eating disorder pathology. In the subgroup without regular binge eating, eating disorder pathology showed no mediating effect. DISCUSSION Multiple mental health and eating behavior variables assessed at admission predicted BMI changes, particularly when mediated by eating disorder pathology in patients with regular binge eating. A comprehensive psychopathological assessment prior to starting BWLI may help identify multiple factors affecting prognosis and treatment outcomes. Long-term follow-up studies in this field are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pruccoli
- Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Regional Center for Feeding and Eating Disorders in the Developmental Age, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isabelle Mack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bea Klos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Schild
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität at Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Elisabeth Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schag
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (B.K.); (S.S.); (A.S.); (S.Z.); (K.E.G.); (K.S.)
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders Tübingen (KOMET), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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17
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Lazarevich I, Irigoyen Camacho ME, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Velázquez-Alva MC, Sánchez Pérez L. Depression symptoms and sweet foods consumption in Mexican college men: the role of emotional eating. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:784-791. [PMID: 37409724 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Objective: to evaluate the association between depression symptoms and frequency of unhealthy food consumption, and to explore the mediation effect of emotional eating in this relationship in college men. Method: a cross-sectional study was performed on 764 men at a public university in Mexico City. To assess emotional eating (EE), a validated Spanish-language version of the Eating and Appraisal Due to Emotions and Stress Questionnaire (EADES) was applied. Depression symptoms were evaluated using the scale elaborated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) and a Questionnaire of Frequency of Food Consumption was used to measure frequency of food consumption. Path and mediation analysis were applied. Results: one-fifth (20.42 %) of college men reported depression symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16). Students with depression symptoms had a higher mean EE score (p < 0.001), a higher frequency of fried food (p = 0.049), sweetened beverages (p = 0.050), and sweet foods consumption (p = 0.005) than students with low CES-D score. According to the mediation analysis, the effect of depression symptoms on the frequency of sweet foods consumption was partially mediated by EE (23.11 % of the total effect). Conclusion: the prevalence of depression symptoms was high. EE is an important mediator in the relationship between depression symptoms and the consumption of sweet foods. Understanding the manifestation of eating behaviors in men and their relationship with depression symptoms may help clinicians and health authorities develop treatment and prevention programs aimed to decrease the risk of obesity and eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lazarevich
- Health Care Department. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco
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18
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Warschburger P, Wortmann HR, Walter LP, Bergmann MM, Gisch UA. Stability and longitudinal association between Body Mass Index and maladaptive eating behaviors in older adults: Results from the NutriAct Family Study (NFS). Eat Behav 2023; 50:101778. [PMID: 37421906 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity with age and associated health risks, older adults are an important target group to promote healthy weight. Evidence indicates that maladaptive eating behaviors are associated with higher BMI. However, older adults are often neglected in this research field. This prospective study aims to clarify the temporal relationship between BMI and maladaptive eating behaviors among older adults. METHODS In total, 964 participants of the NutriAct Family Study (Mage = 63.34 years) completed web-based questionnaires two times (M = 3.33 years apart). BMI was assessed via self-reported height and weight, and maladaptive eating behaviors with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). The stability and longitudinal associations were analyzed using cross-lagged models. RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis showed positive correlations between BMI and emotional (r = 0.218), external (r = 0.101), as well as restrictive eating (r = 0.160). All maladaptive eating behaviors (β > 0.684) and BMI (β > 0.922) were longitudinally stable. No significant bidirectional relationships were found between BMI and maladaptive eating behaviors over time, except for BMI predicting restrictive eating (β = 0.133). CONCLUSION The observed cross-sectional, but not longitudinal associations between BMI and maladaptive eating behaviors underline the need for prospective study designs to deepen the understanding of the role of maladaptive eating behaviors in weight management among the general population. Maladaptive eating behaviors among older adults may have already consolidated and play a smaller role in explaining weight course, compared to early life like childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Warschburger
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Hanna R Wortmann
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Lena P Walter
- University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Schneunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ulrike A Gisch
- NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Senckenbergstraße 3, 35390 Gießen, Germany.
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19
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Stein SF, Rios JM, Gearhardt AN, Nuttall AK, Riley HO, Kaciroti N, Rosenblum KL, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Food addiction and dietary restraint in postpartum women: The role of childhood trauma exposure and postpartum depression. Appetite 2023; 187:106589. [PMID: 37146651 PMCID: PMC11079996 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The early postpartum period is a sensitive time for understanding women's high-risk eating (i.e., eating behavior associated with negative health outcomes) given potential long-term eating behavior implications for infants. Food addiction and dietary restraint are two high-risk eating phenotypes associated with long-term negative health outcomes that have been theoretically linked. Yet, no research has considered how much these constructs overlap during the early postpartum period. The present study sought to characterize these two high-risk eating phenotypes in postpartum women to examine whether these are distinct constructs with specific etiologies and to inform future targets of intervention. Women (N = 277) in the early postpartum period reported on high-risk eating, childhood trauma exposure, depression symptoms, and pre-pregnancy weight. Women's height was measured and pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated. We conducted bivariate correlations and path analysis to characterize the relationship between food addiction and dietary restraint, controlling for pre-pregnancy BMI. Results showed that food addiction and dietary restraint were not significantly associated and that women's childhood trauma exposure and postpartum depression were associated with food addiction but not dietary restraint. Sequential mediation revealed that higher levels of childhood trauma exposure were associated with worse postpartum depression and, in turn, greater food addiction during the early postpartum period. Findings suggest that food addiction and dietary restraint have distinct psychosocial predictors and etiological pathways, which suggests important construct validity differences between the two high-risk eating phenotypes. Interventions seeking to address food addiction in postpartum women and mitigate the impact of this high-risk eating phenotype on the next generation may benefit from treating postpartum depression, especially in women with histories of childhood trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Stein
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; School of Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Julia M Rios
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science and the Arts, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science and the Arts, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amy K Nuttall
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, 552 West Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hurley O Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine L Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, 1522 Simpson Rd. East., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Abstract
Psychological presence in multidisciplinary obesity teams has been highlighted as an important component of such teams. Although mentioned in guidelines and recommendations, there is little information regarding the extent to which this is present currently in weight management services, and in what form. Here, we discuss important ways in which psychological aspects of obesity can impact a person living with obesity and how psychology can be incorporated to provide holistic support in weight management services. Recommendations are also made to create clearer guidelines to provide a more robust reference for the inclusion of psychology in multidisciplinary teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Patten
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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21
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Ravaioli F, De Maria N, Di Marco L, Pivetti A, Casciola R, Ceraso C, Frassanito G, Pambianco M, Pecchini M, Sicuro C, Leoni L, Di Sandro S, Magistri P, Menozzi R, Di Benedetto F, Colecchia A. From Listing to Recovery: A Review of Nutritional Status Assessment and Management in Liver Transplant Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:2778. [PMID: 37375682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is a complex surgical procedure requiring thorough pre- and post-operative planning and care. The nutritional status of the patient before, during, and after LT is crucial to surgical success and long-term prognosis. This review aims to assess nutritional status assessment and management before, during, and after LT, with a focus on patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. We performed a comprehensive topic search on MEDLINE, Ovid, In-Process, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed up to March 2023. It identifies key factors influencing the nutritional status of liver transplant patients, such as pre-existing malnutrition, the type and severity of liver disease, comorbidities, and immunosuppressive medications. The review highlights the importance of pre-operative nutritional assessment and intervention, close nutritional status monitoring, individualised nutrition care plans, and ongoing nutritional support and monitoring after LT. The review concludes by examining the effect of bariatric surgery on the nutritional status of liver transplant recipients. The review offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for optimising nutritional status before, during, and after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ravaioli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola De Maria
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenza Di Marco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pivetti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casciola
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Ceraso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Frassanito
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Martina Pambianco
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Maddalena Pecchini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Sicuro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Leoni
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialistic Medicines, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Sandro
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Modena "Policlinico", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Magistri
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Modena "Policlinico", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Renata Menozzi
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Specialistic Medicines, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Modena "Policlinico", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Colecchia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
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Nakamura I, Oliveira A, Warkentin S, Oliveira BMPM, Poínhos R. Patterns of Eating Behavior among 13-Year-Old Adolescents and Associated Factors: Findings from the Generation XXI Birth Cohort. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101371. [PMID: 37239660 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior adopted during adolescence may persist into adulthood. The aims of this study were to identify eating behavior patterns among Portuguese adolescents and to explore whether groups differ in terms of early life and family characteristics, severity of depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI) z-score. Participants were 3601 13-year-olds enrolled in the birth cohort Generation XXI. Eating behavior was assessed using the self-reported Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ), validated in this sample. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and data on sociodemographic and anthropometrics were collected at birth and 13-years-old. Latent class analysis was conducted, and associations were estimated using multinomial logistic regression models. Five patterns of individuals were identified: "Picky eating", "Disinterest towards food", "Food neophilia", "Emotional eating", and "Food attractiveness". The adolescents' sex, maternal education, BMI z-score, and severity of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with the identified patterns. In particular, adolescents with a higher BMI z-score were more likely in "Food neophilia" while individuals with more severe depressive symptoms were in the "Picky eating", "Emotional eating", and "Food attractiveness" patterns. These findings suggest a starting point for the development and planning of targeted public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Nakamura
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno M P M Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Inteligência Artificial e Apoio à Decisão, Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Tecnologia e Ciência, Campus da Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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23
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Braden A, Barnhart WR, Kalantzis M, Redondo R, Dauber A, Anderson L, Tilstra-Ferrell EL. Eating when depressed, anxious, bored, or happy: An examination in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2023; 184:106510. [PMID: 36868313 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Emotions that differ in valence are uniquely associated with eating. In our previous study with an online sample of adults with overweight/obesity, eating in response to depression was the type of emotional eating most closely associated with negative psychosocial correlates (Braden et al., 2018). The current study extended this research by examining associations between emotional eating types (eating in response to depression, anxiety, boredom, happiness) and psychological correlates among treatment-seeking adults. The present study was a secondary analysis of adults (N = 63; 96.8% female) with overweight/obesity and self-identified emotional eating who completed a baseline assessment for a behavioral weight loss intervention. Emotional eating in response to depression (EE-depression), anxiety/anger (EE-anxiety/anger), and boredom (EE-boredom) were assessed with the revised Emotional Eating Scale (EES-R), and positive emotional eating (EE-positive) was assessed with the positive emotions subscale of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Binge Eating Scale (BES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; depressive symptoms) were also administered. Frequencies showed the most endorsed emotional eating type was EE-depression (44.4%; n = 28). Four multiple regression analyses examined associations between emotional eating (EE-depression, EE-anxiety/anger, EE-boredom, and EE-positive) and dependent variables (EDE-Q, BES, DERS, and PHQ-9). Results showed that depression was the emotional eating type most closely related to disordered eating, binge eating, and depressive symptoms. Eating in response to anxiety was closely related to emotion regulation difficulties. Positive emotional eating was related to less depressive symptoms. Exploratory analyses showed that lower levels of positive emotional eating were related to higher depressive symptoms among adults with greater emotion regulation difficulties. Researchers and clinicians may consider tailoring weight loss treatment based on unique emotions that trigger eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA.
| | | | - Maria Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - Rachel Redondo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - Aubrey Dauber
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
| | - LaNaya Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, USA
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24
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Saccaro LF, Rutigliano G, Landi P, Spera M, Kraslavski A, Zappa MA, Mencacci C. Emotional Regulation Underlies Gender Differences in Pathological Eating Behavior Styles of Bariatric Surgery Candidates. WOMEN 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/women3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost a third of bariatric surgery patients present suboptimal weight loss or important weight regain in the first five postoperative years. While the reasons underlying this are not fully understood, it is known that pathological eating styles (such as emotional or binge eating) can thwart efforts to maintain weight loss. However, detailed characterization and understanding of these eating styles have yet to be achieved. In particular, research on gender differences in pathological eating styles and psychiatric symptoms before bariatric surgery is lacking. To characterize gender differences in eating styles and their association with clinical symptoms, we prospectively enrolled 110 bariatric surgery candidates, collecting eating styles and clinical scores. Women displayed a higher frequency of emotional eating as compared to men (x2 = 9.07, p = 0.003), while men showed a higher frequency of quantitative eating behavioral style (x2 = 4.58, p = 0.044). Binge eating style was associated with higher Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) scores (p < 0.05). Emotional eating style was associated with higher HAM-D and HAM-A scores (p < 0.05). The present findings highlight the importance of understanding the role of gender differences in emotion regulation processes involved in the development and maintenance of pathological eating styles in bariatric surgery candidates. This paves the way to gender- and symptoms-specific interventions on eating behaviors to improve surgery long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F. Saccaro
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, MRI Steiner Unit, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Landi
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Spera
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandra Kraslavski
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Antonio Zappa
- UOC di Chirurgia Generale, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Piazza Principessa Clotilde 3, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Mencacci
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
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25
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Rosenqvist E, Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Konttinen H. Stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with weight among women and men during 30-year follow-up. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36946279 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2192240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with obesity through several mechanisms, including coping methods used in stressful situations. However, long-term prospective studies investigating stress-induced eating and drinking in parallel and their relationships with weight are scarce. PURPOSE We examined the prevalence of stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with body mass index (BMI) among women and men during a 30-year follow-up, as well as BMI trajectories from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study were followed by questionnaires at the ages of 22 (N = 1656), 32 (N = 1471), 42 (N = 1334), and 52 (N = 1160). Their coping methods were evaluated by asking how common it was for them to act in certain ways when they encountered stressful situations. We used linear regression analysis to examine the associations between coping methods and BMI, and latent growth models to analyze the BMI trajectories. RESULTS The prevalence of stress-induced eating was higher among women than men throughout the follow-up, whereas stress-induced drinking was more common among men at 22 and 32 years of age. Stress-induced eating was associated with higher BMI at all ages among women, and from the age of 32 among men. Eating as a persistent coping method over the life course was associated with a higher and faster growth rate of BMI trajectories. Stress-induced drinking was associated with higher BMI in middle age, and with a faster growth of BMI among men. CONCLUSIONS Effective, appropriate stress management may be one essential factor in preventing weight gain in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosenqvist
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Bui C, Lin LY, Lin CJ, Chiu YW, Chiou HY. Association between clustering of unhealthy behaviors and depressive symptom among adolescents in Taiwan: A nationwide cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1049836. [PMID: 36969645 PMCID: PMC10035074 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1049836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAmong Taiwanese adolescents, how the clustering of unhealthy behaviors, including insufficient physical activity, screen-based sedentary behavior and frequent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption affecting depressive symptom remains unclear. This study aims to examine the cross-sectional association between clustering of unhealthy behaviors and depressive symptom.MethodsWe analyzed 18,509 participants from the baseline survey of the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Survey in 2015. The outcome was depressive symptoms, and the main exposures were insufficient physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviors and frequent sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Generalized linear mixed models were performed to find key factor associated with depressive symptom.ResultsDepressive symptoms were common among participants (31.4%), particularly in female and older adolescents. After adjustments for covariates including sex, school type, other lifestyle factors and social determinants, individuals exhibiting clustering of unhealthy behaviors were more likely (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.48–1.58) to exhibit depressive symptoms than those who have no or only one unhealthy behavior.ConclusionsClustering of unhealthy behaviors is positively associated with depressive symptom among Taiwanese adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening public health interventions to improve physical activity and decrease sedentary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Bui
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Health Communication and Education, Quang Ninh Provincial Center for Disease Control (CDC), Ha Long, Vietnam
| | - Li-Yin Lin
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ji Lin
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ya-Wen Chiu
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hung-Yi Chiou
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Dakanalis A, Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051173. [PMID: 36904172 PMCID: PMC10005347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotional eating is considered as the propensity to eat in response to emotions. It is considered as a critical risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Such overeating is able to affect general health due to excess energy intake and mental health. So far, there is still considerable controversy on the effect of the emotional eating concept. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns; (2) Methods: This is a thorough review of the reported associations among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns. We compressively searched the most precise scientific online databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to obtain the most up-to-date data from clinical studies in humans from the last ten years (2013-2023) using critical and representative keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for scrutinizing only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical studies in Caucasian populations; (3) Results: The currently available findings suggest that overeating/obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., fast food consumption) are associated with emotional eating. Moreover, the increase in depressive symptoms seems to be related with more emotional eating. Psychological distress is also related with a greater risk for emotional eating. However, the most common limitations are the small sample size and their lack of diversity. In addition, a cross-sectional study was performed in the majority of them; (4) Conclusions: Finding coping mechanisms for the negative emotions and nutrition education can prevent the prevalence of emotional eating. Future studies should further explain the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Dakanalis
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Souzana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
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Liu T, Wu B, Yao Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Xu K, Wang N, Fu C. Associations between depression and the incident risk of obesity in southwest China: A community population prospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1103953. [PMID: 36741957 PMCID: PMC9893117 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to describe the incidence of obesity and investigate associations between depression and the risk of incident obesity among residents in Southwest China. Methods A 10-year prospective cohort study of 4,745 non-obese adults was conducted in Guizhou, southwest China from 2010 to 2020. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) while the obesity was identified by waist circumference (WC) and/or body mass index (BMI). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depression and incident obesity. Results A total of 1,115 incident obesity were identified over an average follow-up of 7.19 years, with an incidence of 32.66 per 1,000 PYs for any obesity, 31.14 per 1,000 PYs and 9.40 per 1,000 PYs for abdominal obesity and general obesity, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, risks of incident abdominal obesity for subjects with minimal (aHR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.43), and mild or more advanced depression (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.62) were statistically higher than those not depressed, while there was no significant association with incident general obesity. The risks of any incident obesity among subjects with minimal (aHR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.40), mild or more advanced depression (aHR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.64) were significantly higher than those not depressed and positive association was found for PHQ score per SD increase (aHR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.13), too. The association was stronger significantly in Han Chinese (minimal: aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.52; mild or more advanced: aHR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.21) and farmers (minimal: aHR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.35, 2.01; mild or more advanced: aHR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.51). Conclusion Depression increased the risk of incident obesity among adults in Southwest China, especially among Han Chinese and farmers. This finding suggests that preventing and controlling depression may benefit the control of incident obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission of People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuntong Yao
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission of People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission of People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission of People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaowei Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,National Health Commission of People's Republic of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chaowei Fu ✉
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Gaskell C, Sarada P, Aleem E, Bendriss G. Identifying lifestyle factors associated to co-morbidity of obesity and psychiatric disorders, a pilot study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1132994. [PMID: 37206863 PMCID: PMC10188954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and psychiatric disorders are linked through a bidirectional association. Obesity rates have tripled globally in the past decades, and it is predicted that by 2025, one billion people will be affected by obesity, often with a co-morbidity such as depression. While this co-morbidity seems to be a global health issue, lifestyle factors associated to it differ between countries and are often attributed to more than one factor. Prior obesity studies were performed in Western populations; this is the first study that investigates lifestyle factors relating to obesity and mental health of the diverse population in Qatar, a country that has witnessed tremendous lifestyle change in a short time. In this pilot study, we surveyed 379 respondents to assess and compare the lifestyles of Qatar residents to the global population. However due to the high proportion of responses from the United Kingdom (UK) residents, we have made comparisons between Qatar residents and UK residents. We used chi-square analysis, spearman rank correlation and logistic regression to compare the lifestyle factors of individuals suffering from both increased BMI and mental health conditions. The types of food consumed, stress, exercise frequency and duration, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and sleep duration, were explored and results argue that different lifestyle factors can contribute to the same health condition, suggesting different mechanisms involved. We found that both groups reported similar sleep durations (p = 0.800), but that perception of sleep (p = 0.011), consumption of alcohol (p = 0.001), consumption of takeaway food (p = 0.007), and physical activity significantly varied between the groups (p = 0.0001). The study examined the predictors of comorbidity in Qatar as well as UK populations using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The result of the study showed no statistical association between comorbidity and the predictors drinking habit, smoking, physical activity, vegetable consumption, eat outs, and sleep perception for the Qatar population, and for the combined population. This study, however showed a significant association (p = 0.033) between sleep perception and comorbidity for the UK population. We conclude that further analysis is needed to understand the relationship between specific lifestyle factors and multimorbidity in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eiman Aleem
- Biomedical Science, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ghizlane Bendriss
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ghizlane Bendriss,
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30
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Du C, Luo N, Wu L, Gadd S, Zhang X, Tucker RM. Health behavior changes associated with weight gain among first-year international students studying at an American university. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:300-309. [PMID: 33651676 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1891082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the health behaviors and outcomes of first-year international students (FYIS) studying in the U.S. Participants and methods: Three different cohorts of FYIS from a large midwestern university in the U.S. completed three laboratory visits between August and March. The study began in 2017 and ended in March 2020. Anthropometrics, acculturative stress, eating behaviors, sleep, physical activity, and eating habits were assessed. Results: Fifty-four students completed the study. Females had a significant increase in percent body fat (p = .036) and a decrease in sleep quality (p = .006) at the final visit vs. baseline, and uncontrolled (p = .006) and emotional (p < .001) eating behaviors were higher. FYIS who gained more than the median 1.2 kg over the study period experienced higher acculturative stress (p = .004) and a decline in sleep quality (p = .003). Conclusion: Reducing acculturative stress and improving sleep quality should be explored as interventions to protect against undesirable changes in adiposity among FYIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nachuan Luo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Linmeng Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Suzannah Gadd
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin M Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Mueller-Stierlin AS, Peisser A, Cornet S, Jaeckle S, Lehle J, Moerkl S, Teasdale SB. Exploration of Perceived Determinants of Disordered Eating Behaviors in People with Mental Illness-A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:442. [PMID: 36612764 PMCID: PMC9819820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disordered eating behaviors are common in people with a serious mental illness (SMI) such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. This study employed qualitative exploration to understand the perceived determinants of eating behaviors, in particular those connected to disordered eating patterns, in people with SMI. In total, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted in a consecutive sample of people with SMI under treatment in local mental health services in Australia (n = 12), Germany (n = 8) and Austria (n = 8) (mean age: 43.3 years, proportion of female participants: 61%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F2 diagnosis: 57%, proportion of participants with ICD-10 F3 diagnosis: 64%). A thematic analysis approach, the framework method, was applied using MAXQDA 2020. Three main themes of determinants were derived: (i) impacts to daily functioning, (ii) disrupted physical hunger cues and (iii) emotional hunger. For impacts to daily functioning, the following themes emerged: lack of daily structure, time and drive, and difficulty planning ahead. For physical hunger, themes emerged for disrupted hunger and satiety cues, and mindless eating. All motives listed in the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), i.e., coping, reward, social and conformity, have been reported by participants to be drivers for their emotional eating behavior. Subsequent reported behaviors were eating too much or too little, binge eating, night eating and food cravings. We conclude that interprofessional approaches should target daily functioning, disrupted physical hunger cues and emotional eating to reduce disordered eating behaviors in people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S. Mueller-Stierlin
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Ulm University Hospital, 89070 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Peisser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Cornet
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Selina Jaeckle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Moerkl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Scott B. Teasdale
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mindgardens Neuroscience Network, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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32
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Rice A, Lavender JM, Shank LM, Higgins Neyland MK, Markos B, Repke H, Haynes H, Gallagher-Teske J, Schvey NA, Sbrocco T, Wilfley DE, Ford B, Ford CB, Jorgensen S, Yanovski JA, Haigney M, Klein DA, Quinlan J, Tanofsky-Kraff M. Associations among alexithymia, disordered eating, and depressive symptoms in treatment-seeking adolescent military dependents at risk for adult binge-eating disorder and obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3083-3093. [PMID: 35852767 PMCID: PMC9805474 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidence suggests that difficulties identifying and describing one's feelings, core components of alexithymia, are associated with attitudinal and behavioral symptoms of disordered eating; depressive symptoms also may underlie these associations. Specifically, research indicates that alexithymia is positively related to depressive symptoms, which in turn may promote both disordered-eating attitudes and certain disinhibited-eating behaviors (e.g., emotional eating). Findings also suggest that military-dependent youth with high weight may exhibit elevated depressive symptoms and disordered eating. As such, understanding associations among alexithymia, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating is particularly relevant for this vulnerable population. METHODS We examined 149 adolescent military dependents (14.4 ± 1.6y; 55.0% female; 20.0% non-Hispanic Black; BMIz: 1.9 ± 0.4) at high risk for binge-eating disorder and obesity in adulthood. Participants completed questionnaires assessing two components of alexithymia (difficulty identifying feelings [DIF] and difficulty describing feelings [DDF]), depressive symptoms, emotional eating, and trait anxiety; disordered-eating attitudes were assessed via semi-structured interview. RESULTS A series of regression-based models examined indirect relationships of DIF and DDF with disordered-eating attitudes and emotional eating through depressive symptoms. Bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals revealed a significant indirect path from each of the alexithymia components to disordered-eating attitudes via depressive symptoms; indirect paths to emotional eating were non-significant. CONCLUSION Results support the salience of depressive symptoms in the relationship between alexithymia and disordered-eating attitudes. Future research should utilize prospective designs and explore direct and indirect associations of alexithymia with other disordered-eating behaviors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, evidence obtained from a well-designed cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rice
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M K Higgins Neyland
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bethelhem Markos
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Repke
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Haynes
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia Gallagher-Teske
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Natasha A Schvey
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Sbrocco
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Brian Ford
- Department of Family Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin B Ford
- Department of Family Medicine, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Jorgensen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Haigney
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Klein
- Department of Family Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Quinlan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU) and the Metis Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Physical activity mitigates the link between adverse childhood experiences and depression among U.S. adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275185. [PMID: 36223342 PMCID: PMC9555628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) include potentially traumatic exposures to neglect, abuse, and household problems involving substance abuse, mental illness, divorce, incarceration, and death. Past study findings suggest ACEs contribute to depression, while physical activity alleviates depression. Little is known about the link between ACEs and physical activity as it relates to depression among U.S. adults. This research had a primary objective of determining the role of physical activity within the link between ACEs and depression. The significance of this study involves examining physical activity as a form of behavioral medicine. METHODS Data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were fit to Pearson chi-square and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the links between ACEs and depression, ACEs and physical activity, and physical activity and depression among U.S. adults ages 18-and-older (n = 117,204) from 21 states and the District of Columbia, while also determining whether physical activity attenuates the association between ACEs and depression. RESULTS Findings from chi-square analyses indicated that ACEs are related to physical activity (χ2 = 19.4, df = 1; p<0.01) and depression (χ2 = 6,841.6, df = 1; p<0.0001). Regression findings suggest ACEs were linked to depression (AOR = 1.050; 95% CI = 1.049, 1.051). ACEs and physical activity (AOR = 0.994; 95% CI = 0.992, 0.995) and physical activity and depression (AOR = 0.927; 95% CI = 0.922, 0.932) were both inversely related. Physical activity mitigated the link between ACEs and depression (AOR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.993, 0.996). CONCLUSIONS This research addressed a critical knowledge gap concerning how ACEs and physical activity contribute to depression outcomes among U.S. adults. Findings suggest physical activity mitigates the effect of ACEs on depression. Future studies should apply physical activity interventions to alleviate depression among U.S. adults with high ACEs.
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Kauffman BY, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Psychological inflexibility in terms of eating behaviors among individuals seeking treatment for comorbid affective vulnerabilities and weight-related behaviors. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022; 26:168-172. [PMID: 37829667 PMCID: PMC10569453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Maladaptive eating patterns and behaviors are frequently documented in relation to obesity onset and management. To better understand these occurrences, it is important to examine psychological processes that may be guiding these patterns and behaviors. The current study examined the role of psychological inflexibility on emotional eating, food cravings, and disordered eating symptoms among 161 participants (60.9% female, Mage = 31.58, SD = 10.71) who attended a baseline appointment for a larger randomized-controlled trial for individuals with elevated anxiety sensitivity and obesity. Three separate two-step hierarchal regressions were conducted. Results indicated that greater levels of psychological inflexibility were associated with greater levels of emotional eating, food cravings, and disordered eating symptoms. These findings suggest that promoting psychological flexibility may be a key factor in promoting positive changes in eating behaviors among individuals seeking treatment for comorbid affective vulnerabilities and weight-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Aymes E, Lisembard G, Dallongeville J, Rousseaux J, Dumont M, Amouyel P, Romon M, Meirhaeghe A. Identification of several eating habits that mediate the association between eating behaviors and the risk of obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:585-594. [PMID: 36238220 PMCID: PMC9535665 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Eating behaviors play important roles in the development of obesity. A better knowledge of the psychological aspects of eating behaviors in individuals with and without obesity and their consequences on daily eating and lifestyle habits would be informative. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)-R21 assesses the psychometrics of eating behavior. The objectives of the study were to establish which eating habits were or were not associated with TFEQ eating behaviors, and to quantify the extent to which those eating habits mediated the association between TFEQ eating behaviors and obesity risk. Methods Data were obtained from the Gene and Environment Case-Control Obesity Study from northern France. It included 2237 individuals with obesity and 403 individuals without obesity. Eating behaviors were assessed according to the TFEQ-R21. Two activity levels (physical activity and television watching) and six eating habits (e.g., plate size, having one serving or at least two servings of the main meal, …) were evaluated. Regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results Higher cognitive restraint, higher uncontrolled eating (UE) and higher emotional eating (EE) were associated with a higher risk of obesity, independently of each other and of age, sex, socio-economic status and physical activity. Cognitive restraint was negatively associated with having at least two servings, while UE and EE were associated with several obesogenic habits such as eating in front of the television or eating at night. Each of these obesogenic habits mediated between 3% and 20% of the association between UE or EE and obesity. Conclusions Psychological eating behaviors were associated with several lifestyle and eating habits in both individuals with and without obesity. Moreover, some eating habits partially mediated (between 3% and 20%) the association between TFEQ eating behaviors and obesity risk. For clinicians, this study shows that simple, easy-to-ask questions on specific daily eating habits can provide essential information to better understand and manage patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Aymes
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Gabrielle Lisembard
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | | | - Marie‐Pierre Dumont
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Monique Romon
- Université Lille, ULR 2694 ‐ METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicalesLilleFrance
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
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Nutritional behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: the association of fear and sleep quality with emotional eating. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2673-2683. [PMID: 35596840 PMCID: PMC9123620 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Even though it is known that fear and poor sleep quality trigger emotional eating, whether fear and poor sleep quality are associated with emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of fear of COVID-19, sleep quality, and some sociodemographic characteristics with emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD This cross-sectional descriptive study was completed with 495 participants in Turkey. The participants filled out a questionnaire that asked about sociodemographic characteristics, fear of COVID-19, nutritional behaviors, sleep quality, and self-reported weight and height through email or social media. RESULTS The fear of COVID-19 score (β: 0.090, p < 0.05) and sleep quality score (β: 0.289, p < 0.001) were associated with the emotional eating score at the rate of 0.8% and 8.3%, respectively. The association of fear of COVID-19 with emotional eating disappeared when combined with various factors. The collective association of all factors, fear of COVID-19 (β: 0.042, p > 0.05), sleep quality (β: 0.246, p < 0.001), BMI (β: 0.275, p < 0.001), age (β: - 0.259, p < 0.001) and gender (β: - 0.169, p < 0.001) were associated with the emotional eating score at the rate of 18.3%. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that fear of COVID-19, sleep quality, BMI, age, and gender were associated with emotional eating during the pandemic. We hope that this study will help in the development of guidelines and strategies through understanding the factors associated with nutritional behavior during the pandemic period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Examining negative affect, sleep duration, and using food to cope as predictors of weight in midlife women. J Behav Med 2022; 45:894-903. [PMID: 35933573 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Midlife women are vulnerable to developing obesity. Behavioral and psychosocial factors including sleep duration, stress eating, and negative emotionality are risk factors. However, little is known about the complex daily interplay between sleep, eating, emotion, and weight among midlife women. The current study examined how daily sleep, using food to cope, and negative emotionality are associated with weight using a daily process research design. An archival analysis was performed using the Midlife in the United States-II study (MIDUS II). The sample consisted of 489 midlife women (40-64 years of age). Variables included ecological momentary assessments of daily sleep duration, using food to cope, and negative affect (means and intraindividual variability) and a standardized measurement of BMI. Sleep duration variability was a significant predictor of BMI, albeit the model only accounted for .8% of the variance in BMI (b = .019, p < .05). In the final adjusted model, sleep duration variability, using food to cope, age, and physical activity were all significant predictors of BMI F(5, 559) = 21.503, p < .001, R2 = .161, ⨂R2 = .024, p = .001. Variability in negative affect, mean sleep duration or negative affect and the interactions between sleep duration (mean, variability) and negative affect (mean, variability) were not significant. Greater variability in sleep duration and greater use of food to cope predicted higher BMI in this sample across age and physical activity levels. Results highlight that daily health and psychosocial factors play an important role in weight.
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Associations between average step counts, variability in step counts and nonhomeostatic eating. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2165-2171. [PMID: 35107825 PMCID: PMC9288421 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonhomeostatic drives (e.g., reward and negative emotion) for eating are associated with weight gain over time. Higher average and lower intraindividual variability in physical activity (PA) levels are positively associated with health and weight outcomes, but have not been evaluated in relation to nonhomeostatic eating. The aim of this paper is to examine the associations between PA and nonhomeostatic drives for eating. The hypotheses were that average levels of and consistency in PA would be negatively correlated with nonhomeostatic eating. METHODS Adult participants (N = 432) were recruited online and asked to report objectively measured PA using commercially available PA monitors for the previous 7 days and to complete self-report measures of reward-driven and emotional eating. RESULTS Average daily steps (M = 6519.36) were negatively associated with emotional eating, but were not significantly related to reward-driven eating. Intraindividual variability in steps (M = 2209.85) was not associated with either type of nonhomeostatic eating. Adjusting for relevant covariates (e.g., age, BMI, gender), average daily step count was negatively associated with emotional eating (p = 0.01) but not reward-driven eating (p = 0.31) and variability in step counts was positively associated with reward-driven eating (p = 0.04) but not emotional eating (p = 0.52). CONCLUSION The results suggest that greater average levels and lower variability in PA are related to lower nonhomeostatic eating; thus, complex associations between PA and eating exist, and may impact weight and outcomes of treatment related to eating and weight. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, cross-sectional correlation study.
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Dominte ME, Swami V, Enea V. Fear of COVID-19 mediates the relationship between negative emotional reactivity and emotional eating. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:462-467. [PMID: 35526105 PMCID: PMC9347635 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted high levels of emotional eating during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, but have not satisfactorily explained these changing eating patterns. Here, we tested one potential explanatory model broadly based on a biosocial model of emotional eating. Specifically, we examined the extent to which negative emotional reactivity was associated with emotional eating, as well as the mediating role of fear of COVID‐19. A total of 474 women from Romania were asked to complete measures of emotional eating, negative emotional reactivity, and fear of COVID‐19. Mediation analysis showed that higher negative emotional reactivity was significantly and directly associated with greater emotional eating. This direct relationship was also mediated by fear of COVID‐19. These results highlight one possible route through which the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic may have resulted in elevated rates of emotional eating, though further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Elena Dominte
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, Iaşi, Romania
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Daniels NF, Burrin C, Chan T, Fusco F. A Systematic Review of the Impact of the First Year of COVID-19 on Obesity Risk Factors: A Pandemic Fueling a Pandemic? Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac011. [PMID: 35415391 PMCID: PMC8989548 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Associated risk factors, including depression, socioeconomic stress, poor diet, and lack of physical activity, have all been impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This systematic review aims to explore the indirect effects of the first year of COVID-19 on obesity and its risk factors. A literature search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 to identify relevant studies pertaining to the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (PROSPERO; CRD42020219433). All English-language studies on weight change and key obesity risk factors (psychosocial and socioeconomic health) during the COVID-19 pandemic were considered for inclusion. Of 805 full-text articles that were reviewed, 87 were included for analysis. The included studies observed increased food and alcohol consumption, increased sedentary time, worsening depressive symptoms, and increased financial stress. Overall, these results suggest that COVID-19 has exacerbated the current risk factors for obesity and is likely to worsen obesity rates in the near future. Future studies, and policy makers, will need to carefully consider their interdependency to develop effective interventions able to mitigate the obesity pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Burrin
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tianming Chan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Fusco
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Olmos-Valverde M, Carrillo-Díaz M, González-Olmo MJ, Romero-Maroto M, Jiménez-Trujillo I. Evaluation of Dietary Habits, Type A Behavior Pattern and its Relationship with Oral Health Status in Dental Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061540. [PMID: 35329866 PMCID: PMC8956005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health status among dental students has been widely studied, and while the repercussions of certain factors, such as personality type, adherence to healthy lifestyle habits and certain eating patterns, have been considered in the past, this study aims to study the combination of such factors and to carry out, in addition, clinical examinations that could provide deeper knowledge of real oral health status. A sample of 195 dental students was gathered and basic sociodemographic data (gender, age, nationality, hygiene habits, body mass index (BMI)) were collected, and type A personality scale (ERCTA), emotional eating (EE) and healthy lifestyle scale (EVS) values were registered. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlations, a hierarchical linear regression model and moderation analysis were performed. Results showed that higher EE values were associated with a higher BMI, an increase in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, a higher number of carious and filled teeth, a higher ERCTA and a lower adherence to the EVS. Likewise, a higher DMFT was associated with a higher BMI, higher bleeding on probing index (BOP) values, higher ERCTA values and lower adherence to EVS. Dental floss disuse, BMI, EE and EVS predicted 25.3% of DMFT. In addition, a type A personality has a moderating effect only in those with medium and high EE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olmos-Valverde
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.O.-V.); (M.J.G.-O.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - María Carrillo-Díaz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María José González-Olmo
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.O.-V.); (M.J.G.-O.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.O.-V.); (M.J.G.-O.); (M.R.-M.)
| | - Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
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Du C, Adjepong M, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, Fenton JI, Hsiao PY, Keaver L, Lee H, Ludy MJ, Shen W, Swee WCS, Thrivikraman J, Amoah-Agyei F, de Kanter E, Wang W, Tucker RM. Gender Differences in the Relationships between Perceived Stress, Eating Behaviors, Sleep, Dietary Risk, and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:1045. [PMID: 35268020 PMCID: PMC8912409 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing epidemic among university students, and the high levels of stress reported by this population could contribute to this issue. Singular relationships between perceived stress; engagement in restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep; dietary risk; and body mass index (BMI) have been reported in the current body of literature; however, these constructs interact with each other, and the complex relationships among them are infrequently examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the complex relationships between these constructs using mediation and moderation analyses stratified by gender. METHODS A cross-sectional study, enrolling university students from the United States (U.S.), the Netherlands, South Korea, Malaysia, Ireland, Ghana, and China, was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived stress; maladaptive eating behaviors including restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep duration and quality; dietary risk; and BMI were assessed using validated questionnaires, which were distributed through an online platform. RESULTS A total of 1392 students completed the online survey (379 male, 973 female, and 40 who self-identified as "other"). Uncontrolled and emotional eating mediated the relationship between perceived stress and dietary risk for both males and females; higher sleep quality weakened this relationship among female students but not males. Emotional eating mediated the relationship between perceived stress and BMI for both males and females, but higher sleep quality weakened this relationship only among females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that students in higher education are likely to benefit from interventions to reduce uncontrolled and emotional eating. Programs that improve sleep quality, especially during highly stressful periods, may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Mary Adjepong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (M.A.); (F.A.-A.)
| | - Megan Chong Hueh Zan
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Laura Keaver
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Heesoon Lee
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Jyothi Thrivikraman
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Felicity Amoah-Agyei
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (M.A.); (F.A.-A.)
| | - Emilie de Kanter
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Robin M. Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
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Busgang SA, Malin AJ, Gennings C. My nutrition index: a method for measuring optimal daily nutrient intake. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:16. [PMID: 35189956 PMCID: PMC8862522 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate nutrition is essential for individual and population level health. However, determining adequacy of daily nutrient intake in research studies is often challenging given the unique nutritional needs of individuals. Herein, we examine construct, predictive, criterion, content, and concurrent validity of a dietary analytic tool – My Nutrition Index (MNI) for measuring nutrient intake in relation to personalized daily nutrient intake guidelines. MNI gauges adequacy of an individual’s daily nutrient intake based on his or her unique demographic and lifestyle characteristics. MNI accounts for potential adverse effects of inadequate and excess nutrient consumption. Methods MNI, calculated based on 34 nutrients, provides an overall index score ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting a more nutritious diet. We calculated MNI scores for 7154 participants ages 18-65 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2014) by using average nutrient intakes from two 24-h dietary recalls. Survey-weighted binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations between MNI scores and obesity, depression, health perceptions, and past or present cardiovascular disease. Results Higher MNI scores were associated with lower prevalence of self-reported cardiovascular disease (OR = 0.69, CI: 0.52, 0.92, p = 0.012), depression (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.65, 0.90, p < 0.001), and obesity (OR = 0.92, CI: 0.87, 0.99, p = 0.016), as well as more favorable health perceptions (OR = 1.24, CI: 1.13, 1.37, p < 0.001). Conclusions MNI provides an individualized approach for measuring adequacy/sufficiency of daily nutrient intake that can validly be employed to assess relationships between nutrition and health outcomes in research studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00497-9.
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Desdentado L, Navarrete J, Folgado-Alufre M, de Blas A, Navarro-Siurana J, Ponce F, Molinari G, Jimeno-Martínez A, Rupérez AI, Bueno-Lozano G, Cuenca-Royo A, Corbella E, Agüera Z, Baños RM, Álvarez-Pitti J. Are Peripheral Biomarkers Determinants of Eating Styles in Childhood and Adolescence Obesity? A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:305. [PMID: 35057485 PMCID: PMC8780085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in eating behaviors have been widely related to obesity. However, little is known about the role of obesity-related biomarkers in shaping habitual patterns of eating behaviors (i.e., eating styles) in childhood. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationships between several biomarkers crucially involved in obesity (ghrelin, insulin resistance, and leptin/adiponectin ratio) and eating styles in children and adolescents with obesity. Seventy participants aged between 8 and 16 (56.2% men) fulfilled the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children to measure external, emotional, and restrained eating styles. In addition, concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were obtained through a blood test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for age and sex were computed for each eating style. Results indicated that individuals with higher ghrelin concentration levels showed lower scores in restrained eating (β = -0.61, p < 0.001). The total model explained 32% of the variance of the restrained pattern. No other relationships between obesity-related biomarkers and eating behaviors were found. This study highlights that one of the obesity-risk factors, namely lower plasma ghrelin levels, is substantially involved in a well-known maladaptive eating style, restraint eating, in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Desdentado
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis, 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.N.); (M.F.-A.); (J.N.-S.)
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Navarrete
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis, 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.N.); (M.F.-A.); (J.N.-S.)
| | - María Folgado-Alufre
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis, 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.N.); (M.F.-A.); (J.N.-S.)
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana de Blas
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Tres Cruces, 2, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jéssica Navarro-Siurana
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis, 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.N.); (M.F.-A.); (J.N.-S.)
| | - Francisco Ponce
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Tres Cruces, 2, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Guadalupe Molinari
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Andrea Jimeno-Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Azahara I. Rupérez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department, Clinical Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emili Corbella
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Bellvitge University Hospital—IDIBELL, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, Health Sciences Campus Bellvitge, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Baños
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Calle Serpis, 29, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (J.N.); (M.F.-A.); (J.N.-S.)
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Álvarez-Pitti
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (F.P.); (G.M.); (A.J.-M.); (A.I.R.); (G.B.-L.); (A.C.-R.); (E.C.); (Z.A.); (R.M.B.)
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Avda. Tres Cruces, 2, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
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Klatzkin RR, Nolan LJ, Kissileff HR. Self-reported emotional eaters consume more food under stress if they experience heightened stress reactivity and emotional relief from stress upon eating. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113638. [PMID: 34742909 PMCID: PMC8717738 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Group data means from individuals who self-assess as emotional eaters do not reliably show increased food intake in response to stress or negative emotions. This inconsistency in predictive validity of self-reported emotional eating (EE) could be attributable to unconsidered moderation of the relationship between self-reported EE and behavioral measures of EE. Greater emotional relief from stress by eating may provide enhanced negative reinforcement and promote future EE in response to stress as a form of self-medication. Thus, we predicted that greater emotional relief from stress by eating (decrease in negative affect from stress to post-eating) would moderate the extent to which heightened stress reactivity (measured by systolic blood pressure, SBP) moderates the relationship between self-reported EE and food intake post-stress. We also hypothesized that self-reported EE would not predict greater food consumption on the rest day. 43 undergraduate women completed online assessments of eating behaviors. Participants were given snacks to eat after a mental stress task (TSST) or rest period on separate days in counterbalanced order. Our prediction was supported, as the moderated moderation model (PROCESS model 3) was highly significant on the stress day. Self-reported EE predicted increased food intake post-stress only under conditions of high stress reactivity and high emotional relief. On the rest day, self-reported EE predicted greater snack food intake only when SBP was high. This conditional increased intake substantiates stress as a promoter of snack food consumption for women with greater EE. Overall, our findings identified factors that may distinguish the subset of self-reported emotional eaters who are more likely to display EE behaviors in a laboratory setting, yet further studies are needed to directly test whether negative reinforcement via emotional relief from stress by eating drives enhanced EE following stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Klatzkin
- Rhodes College, Department of Psychology, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38104, USA,Corresponding author. (R.R. Klatzkin)
| | - Laurence J. Nolan
- Wagner College, Department of Psychology, 1 Campus Rd., Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
| | - Harry R. Kissileff
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, 1111 Amsterdam Ave. New York, NY 10025, USA
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Sarda B, Delamaire C, Serry AJ, Ducrot P. Changes in home cooking and culinary practices among the French population during the COVID-19 lockdown. Appetite 2022; 168:105743. [PMID: 34634370 PMCID: PMC9355689 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a strict lockdown in France for 2 months, drastically changing the daily life of the population. We investigated changes in perceived diet quality and cooking practices during the lockdown in comparison with the preceding period. Between June 9 and 30, 2020, 2422 participants were recruited and completed a questionnaire regarding the evolution of their overall diet and cooking habits during the lockdown. Descriptive analyses showed that 41.5% of participants described dietary changes with a similar proportion reporting positive or negative changes (22.0% and 19.5%, respectively). The exceptional circumstances of the lockdown provided a positive opportunity for some people to improve their diet quality by spending more time cooking (54.8% of those reporting a positive change) or eating more fresh products, including fruits and vegetables (47.4%). By contrast, other participants reported a decline in their diet quality, mainly caused by poorer dietary choices due to the consumption of comfort food (50.3% of those reporting a negative change), snacking (40.1%), or food supply issues (35.9%). The lockdown led to a massive rise in home cooking with 42.0% of all participants cooking more frequently (vs 7.0% cooking less), as barriers such as time constraints were reduced. Using multivariate analyses, we found that this change in cooking frequency varied among population subgroups, especially in regard to financial situation, as individuals in financial difficulty tended to cook less. As home cooking has already been linked to better diet quality and thus health status, our results suggest that the lockdown increased social health inequalities. An adequate public health response is therefore needed to support nutritionally vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barthélemy Sarda
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Corinne Delamaire
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne-Juliette Serry
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Pauline Ducrot
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, F-94415, Saint-Maurice, France.
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Petrovics P, Nagy A, Sandor B, Palfi A, Szekeres Z, Toth K, Szabados E. Examination of Self-Esteem, Body Image, Eating Attitudes and Cardiorespiratory Performance in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413172. [PMID: 34948781 PMCID: PMC8701836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-esteem, body image and eating attitudes are important characteristics regarding adolescent mental health. In our present work, we aimed to investigate these psychological items in adolescent boys and girls examining gender differences and correlations with the BMI-for-age and cardiorespiratory performance. 374 students (209 girls with an average age of 16.4 ± 1.08 years, and 165 boys with an average age of 16.5 ± 1.03 years) underwent investigation using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, EAT-26 and BAT questionnaires. The BMI-for-age was calculated with BMI growth charts and the cardiorespiratory performance was measured with the 20 m shuttle run test. Our results showed that adolescent girls scored lower self-esteem and higher values for BAT and each scale of eating behaviors, such as uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraints and emotional eating compared to boys despite the fact, that obesity and overweight were more common among boys. No significant correlation was found between BMI and psychological test results in either boys or girls, however, subjective body shape and gender predicted self-esteem and BAT scores and the cognitive restraints in the eating attitudes. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were primarily influenced by gender, in which BMI played only a weaker role. Cardiorespiratory performance was positively associated with self-esteem and body image among boys, and it had a negative correlation regarding BMI in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrovics
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Alexandra Nagy
- State Hospital for Cardiology, H-8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Sandor
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anita Palfi
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsolt Szekeres
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Kalman Toth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Szabados
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Eck KM, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity in young adults clustered by anxiety and depression. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2367. [PMID: 34825780 PMCID: PMC8671770 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about how anxiety and depression in combination relate to eating disorder concerns (eating, shape, and weight concern) and behaviors (restraint eating, binge eating, and purging) indicative of eating disorder symptom severity. This study examined links among disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity clustered by depression and anxiety. METHODS College students (n = 1792) completed a survey comprised of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) assessing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and Eating Disorder Exam Questionnaire (EDE-Q) assessing concerns and behaviors indicative of disordered eating. RESULTS Cluster analysis yielded four groups: not depressed or anxious to subclinical, moderate, and high depression and anxiety. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated overall eating disorder severity scores increased significantly as GAD and MDD increased, suggesting that as anxiety and depression rise in tandem, disturbed eating severity rises. Results revealed that even at subclinical levels, disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and overall severity scores increase. DISCUSSION Future interventions aiming to reduce disordered eating in young adults may be strengthened by incorporating depression and anxiety management strategies. A screening for subclinical anxiety and depression (Mixed Anxiety and Depression Disorder [MADD]) may be helpful in providing early intervention to resolve disordered eating behaviors before they become entrenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Eck
- Research Program Coordinator, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Distinguished Professor Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Luzi L, Gandini S, Massarini S, Bellerba F, Terruzzi I, Senesi P, Macrì C, Ferrulli A. Reduction of impulsivity in patients receiving deep transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for obesity. Endocrine 2021; 74:559-570. [PMID: 34173157 PMCID: PMC8571225 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aims of the present study were to investigate a wide array of psychological symptoms through validated psychometric tests, before and after 5 weeks of deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) in individuals with obesity, and to identify possible relationships with neuroendocrine parameters. METHODS Forty-five patients with obesity (33 F, 12 M; age 48.8 ± 9.9 years; body wt 97.6 ± 14.2 Kg; BMI 36.2 ± 4.2) were randomized into two groups: 26 received high frequency (HF) dTMS and 19 Sham stimulation for 5 weeks. At baseline and after the 5-week treatment, all patients underwent the following psychometric evaluations: Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T) and its subscales, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-y1 and STAI-y2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Hormonal and neuroendocrine markers were assessed at the first and last dTMS session. RESULTS By adjusting for baseline variables and treatment arms, a significant decrease in body wt and BMI was found in HF group, both with univariate (p = 0.019) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.012). Impulsivity significantly decreased in HF group, both with univariate (p = 0.031) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.011). A positive association between the impulsivity score change and the leptin level variation (p = 0.031) was found. CONCLUSION The decrease of impulsivity together with the BMI reduction in individuals with obesity, treated with real stimulation, suggests that impulsivity may be a risk factor for obesity. Treatment with dTMS revealed to be effective in reducing both BMI and impulsivity by enhancing inhibitory capacity of Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC), and modulating neuroendocrine system, especially leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Massarini
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bellerba
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Macrì
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
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Vrany EA, Polanka BM, Hsueh L, Hill-Briggs F, Stewart JC. Race/ethnicity moderates associations between depressive symptoms and diet composition among U.S. adults. Health Psychol 2021; 40:513-522. [PMID: 34618499 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although depression is associated with poorer overall diet quality, few studies have examined its association with levels of particular macronutrients, and none have examined moderation by race/ethnicity. The present study examined (a) associations between depressive symptom severity and nine indices of diet composition and (b) whether race/ethnicity moderates these associations. METHOD Participants were 28,940 adults (mean age = 49 years, 52% female, 52% nonwhite) from NHANES 2005-2018. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Nine diet composition indices were derived from the average of two 24-hr dietary recalls (e.g., total energy, total fat, saturated fat, total carbohydrate, sugar, fiber, and protein). RESULTS Separate linear regression analyses revealed that PHQ-9 total was positively associated with saturated fat and sugar and negatively associated with protein and fiber. Moderation by race/ethnicity was observed (interaction ps < .05). Among non-Hispanic Whites, PHQ-9 total was positively associated with sugar and negatively associated with protein and fiber. Among non-Hispanic Blacks, PHQ-9 total was positively associated with total energy, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, total carbohydrate, and sugar. Among Mexican Americans, PHQ-9 was positively associated with saturated fat. Among other Hispanics, PHQ-9 total was negatively associated with fiber, protein, and total, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this large, nationally representative sample demonstrate that associations between depressive symptom severity and diet composition vary by race/ethnicity. Critically, an unhealthy diet composition pattern may be one mechanism explaining the excess risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in individuals with depression, especially in non-Hispanic Blacks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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